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Lu HF, Zhou YC, Luo DD, Yang DH, Wang XJ, Cheng BH, Zeng XH. ILC2s: Unraveling the innate immune orchestrators in allergic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111899. [PMID: 38513576 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence rate of allergic diseases including asthma, atopic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) has been significantly increasing in recent decades due to environmental changes and social developments. With the study of innate lymphoid cells, the crucial role played by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been progressively unveiled in allergic diseases. ILC2s, which are a subset of innate lymphocytes initiate allergic responses. They respond swiftly during the onset of allergic reactions and produce type 2 cytokines, working in conjunction with T helper type 2 (Th2) cells to induce and sustain type 2 immune responses. The role of ILC2s represents an intriguing frontier in immunology; however, the intricate immune mechanisms of ILC2s in allergic responses remain relatively poorly understood. To gain a comphrehensive understanding of the research progress of ILC2, we summarize recent advances in ILC2s biology in pathologic allergic inflammation to inspire novel approaches for managing allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Lu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yi-Chi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Dan-Dan Luo
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Dun-Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Xi-Jia Wang
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Bao-Hui Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
| | - Xian-Hai Zeng
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
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2
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Treatment Strategy of Uncontrolled Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Review of Recent Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055015. [PMID: 36902445 PMCID: PMC10002552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is recognized as a heterogeneous disease with a wide range of clinical features, resulting in significant morbidity and cost to the healthcare system. While the phenotypic classification is determined by the presence or absence of nasal polyps and comorbidities, the endotype classification has been established based on molecular biomarkers or specific mechanisms. Research on CRS has now developed based on information based on three major endotypes: types 1, 2, and 3. Recently, biological therapies targeting type 2 inflammation have been clinically expanded and may be applied to other inflammatory endotypes in the future. The purpose of this review is to discuss the treatment options according to the type of CRS and summarize recent studies on new therapeutic approaches for patients with uncontrolled CRS with nasal polyps.
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3
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Kato A, Peters AT, Stevens WW, Schleimer RP, Tan BK, Kern RC. Endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis: Relationships to disease phenotypes, pathogenesis, clinical findings, and treatment approaches. Allergy 2022; 77:812-826. [PMID: 34473358 PMCID: PMC9148187 DOI: 10.1111/all.15074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common clinical syndrome that produces significant morbidity and costs to our health system. The study of CRS has progressed from an era focused on phenotype to include endotype-based information. Phenotypic classification has identified clinical heterogeneity in CRS based on endoscopically observed features such as presence of nasal polyps, presence of comorbid or systemic diseases, and timing of disease onset. More recently, laboratory-based findings have established CRS endotype based upon specific mechanisms or molecular biomarkers. Understanding the basis of widespread heterogeneity in the manifestations of CRS is advanced by findings that the three main endotypes, Type 1, 2, and 3, orchestrate the expression of three distinct large sets of genes. The development and use of improved methods of endotyping disease in the clinic are ushering in an expansion of the use of biological therapies targeting Type 2 inflammation now and perhaps other inflammatory endotypes in the near future. The purpose of this review is to discuss the phenotypic and endotypic heterogeneity of CRS from the perspective of advancing the understanding of the pathogenesis and improvement of treatment approaches and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Whitney W Stevens
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Zheng H, Zhang Y, Pan J, Liu N, Qin Y, Qiu L, Liu M, Wang T. The Role of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:586078. [PMID: 34177881 PMCID: PMC8220221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.586078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are significant diseases that affect many patients worldwide. In the past few decades, the incidence of allergic diseases has increased significantly due to environmental changes and social development, which has posed a substantial public health burden and even led to premature death. The understanding of the mechanism underlying allergic diseases has been substantially advanced, and the occurrence of allergic diseases and changes in the immune system state are known to be correlated. With the identification and in-depth understanding of innate lymphoid cells, researchers have gradually revealed that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play important roles in many allergic diseases. However, our current studies of ILC2s are limited, and their status in allergic diseases remains unclear. This article provides an overview of the common phenotypes and activation pathways of ILC2s in different allergic diseases as well as potential research directions to improve the understanding of their roles in different allergic diseases and ultimately find new treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachuang Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linghui Qiu
- Journal Press of Global Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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5
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Fan X, Xu ZB, Li CL, Zhang HY, Peng YQ, He BX, Liu XQ, Chen DH, Chen D, Akdis CA, Fu QL. Mesenchymal stem cells regulate type 2 innate lymphoid cells via regulatory T cells through ICOS-ICOSL interaction. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:975-987. [PMID: 33662168 PMCID: PMC8360040 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are recognized as key controllers and effectors of type 2 inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to alleviate type 2 inflammation by modulating T lymphocyte subsets and decreasing TH 2 cytokine levels. However, the effects of MSCs on ILC2s have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on ILC2s in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from allergic rhinitis patients and healthy subjects. We further investigated the mechanisms involved in the MSC modulation using isolated lineage negative (Lin- ) cells. PBMCs and Lin- cells were cocultured with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iPSC-MSCs) under the stimulation of epithelial cytokines IL-25 and IL-33. And the ILC2 levels and functions were examined and the possible mechanisms were investigated based on regulatory T (Treg) cells and ICOS-ICOSL pathway. iPSC-MSCs successfully decreased the high levels of IL-13, IL-9, and IL-5 in PBMCs in response to IL-25, IL-33, and the high percentages of IL-13+ ILC2s and IL-9+ ILC2s in response to epithelial cytokines were significantly reversed after the treatment of iPSC-MSCs. However, iPSC-MSCs were found directly to enhance ILC2 levels and functions via ICOS-ICOSL interaction in Lin- cells and pure ILC2s. iPSC-MSCs exerted their inhibitory effects on ILC2s via activating Treg cells through ICOS-ICOSL interaction. The MSC-induced Treg cells then suppressed ILC2s by secreting IL-10 in the coculture system. This study revealed that human MSCs suppressed ILC2s via Treg cells through ICOS-ICOSL interaction, which provides further insight to regulate ILC2s in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Fan
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bin Xu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Lin Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Clinical Medicine Innovation, ShenZhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qi Peng
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xin He
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Hua Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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6
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Weathington N, O’Brien ME, Radder J, Whisenant TC, Bleecker ER, Busse WW, Erzurum SC, Gaston B, Hastie AT, Jarjour NN, Meyers DA, Milosevic J, Moore WC, Tedrow JR, Trudeau JB, Wong HP, Wu W, Kaminski N, Wenzel SE, Modena BD. BAL Cell Gene Expression in Severe Asthma Reveals Mechanisms of Severe Disease and Influences of Medications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:837-856. [PMID: 31161938 PMCID: PMC6812436 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201811-2221oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Gene expression of BAL cells, which samples the cellular milieu within the lower respiratory tract, has not been well studied in severe asthma.Objectives: To identify new biomolecular mechanisms underlying severe asthma by an unbiased, detailed interrogation of global gene expression.Methods: BAL cell expression was profiled in 154 asthma and control subjects. Of these participants, 100 had accompanying airway epithelial cell gene expression. BAL cell expression profiles were related to participant (age, sex, race, and medication) and sample traits (cell proportions), and then severity-related gene expression determined by correlating transcripts and coexpression networks to lung function, emergency department visits or hospitalizations in the last year, medication use, and quality-of-life scores.Measurements and Main Results: Age, sex, race, cell proportions, and medications strongly influenced BAL cell gene expression, but leading severity-related genes could be determined by carefully identifying and accounting for these influences. A BAL cell expression network enriched for cAMP signaling components most differentiated subjects with severe asthma from other subjects. Subsequently, an in vitro cellular model showed this phenomenon was likely caused by a robust upregulation in cAMP-related expression in nonsevere and β-agonist-naive subjects given a β-agonist before cell collection. Interestingly, ELISAs performed on BAL lysates showed protein levels may partly disagree with expression changes.Conclusions: Gene expression in BAL cells is influenced by factors seldomly considered. Notably, β-agonist exposure likely had a strong and immediate impact on cellular gene expression, which may not translate to important disease mechanisms or necessarily match protein levels. Leading severity-related genes were discovered in an unbiased, system-wide analysis, revealing new targets that map to asthma susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Weathington
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael E. O’Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Josiah Radder
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas C. Whisenant
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Eugene R. Bleecker
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - William W. Busse
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Allergy and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Annette T. Hastie
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Nizar N. Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Deborah A. Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jadranka Milosevic
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy C. Moore
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John R. Tedrow
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John B. Trudeau
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hesper P. Wong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Wu
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Brian D. Modena
- Division of Allergy, National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colorado
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7
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Karta MR, Cavagnero K, Miller M, Badrani J, Naji L, Doherty TA, Broide DH. Platelets attach to lung type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) expressing P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 and influence ILC2 function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1112-1115.e8. [PMID: 31201889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya R Karta
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Kellen Cavagnero
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Jana Badrani
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Luay Naji
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Taylor A Doherty
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
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8
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Biondo C, Lentini G, Beninati C, Teti G. The dual role of innate immunity during influenza. Biomed J 2019; 42:8-18. [PMID: 30987709 PMCID: PMC6468094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the distinguishing features of the 1918 pandemic is the occurrence of massive, potentially detrimental, activation of the innate immune system in critically ill patients. Whether this reflects an intrinsic capacity of the virus to induce an exaggerated inflammatory responses or its remarkable ability to reproduce in vivo is still open to debate. Tremendous progress has recently been made in our understanding of innate immune responses to influenza infection and it is now time to translate this knowledge into therapeutic strategies, particularly in view of the possible occurrence of future outbreaks caused by virulent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Biondo
- Metchnikoff Laboratory, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Germana Lentini
- Metchnikoff Laboratory, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Teti
- Metchnikoff Laboratory, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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9
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Airway innate lymphoid cells in the induction and regulation of allergy. Allergol Int 2019; 68:9-16. [PMID: 30473412 PMCID: PMC6614863 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of innate lymphoid cells has revolutionized our understanding of the pathogenesis of immune diseases including allergy and asthma. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous collection of lymphocytes that lack antigen-specificity (non-T, non-B cells) and potently produce characteristic cytokines of T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17). ILCs are divided into group 1 (ILC1s), group 2 (ILC2s), or group 3 (ILC3s). Similar to Th2 cells, ILC2s produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, among others, and are present in increased numbers in samples from patients with many allergic disorders including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Animal models have identified that ILC2s contribute to eosinophilic tissue infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus production, as well as coordinate adaptive immune responses. Finally, recent studies support regulation of ILC2s by neuro-immune mechanisms as well as demonstrate a significant degree of plasticity between ILC subsets that may impact the immune responses in asthma and allergic airway diseases. Here, we review the current literature on ILC2s in human asthma and allergic airway diseases, as well as highlight some recent mechanistic insights into ILC2 function from in vitro studies and in vivo animal models.
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10
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Van Crombruggen K, Taveirne S, Holtappels G, Leclercq G, Bachert C. Innate lymphoid cells in the upper airways: importance of CD117 and IL-1RI expression. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.00742-2018. [PMID: 30385529 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00742-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although type 1, 2 and 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s, respectively) are emerging as important cell populations regulating tissue homeostasis, remodelling and inflammation, a vast majority of our knowledge stems from in vitro and murine experiments, and requires thorough confirmation in human diseases.Relative levels of ILCs were evaluated by means of flow cytometry in freshly resected human upper airways mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), taking into account the patient's clinical parameters and disease comorbidities.We report that the CD117 and interleukin-receptor type I (IL-1RI) expression status of human ILC2s depends on the local tissue environment. Only CD117+ IL-1RI+ ILC2s, exclusively present in CRSwNP, possess an interrelationship with type 2 T-helper cell cytokine and eosinophil levels in human upper airway mucosa. In CRSsNP, mainly CD117-IL-1RI- ILC2s are increased, yielding lower eosinophilia in this disease despite the high levels of ILC2s.These data unveil that the CD117- and CD117+ fractions within the native human ILC2 population are not a random phenomenon, in contrast to what could be concluded from in vitro data, and that the IL-1RI expression is not ubiquitous in ILC2s in vivo in humans, which cannot be assessed via in vitro and murine experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Van Crombruggen
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Taveirne
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Holtappels
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Yip TF, Selim ASM, Lian I, Lee SMY. Advancements in Host-Based Interventions for Influenza Treatment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1547. [PMID: 30042762 PMCID: PMC6048202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major acute respiratory infection that causes mortality and morbidity worldwide. Two classes of conventional antivirals, M2 ion channel blockers and neuraminidase inhibitors, are mainstays in managing influenza disease to lessen symptoms while minimizing hospitalization and death in patients with severe influenza. However, the development of viral resistance to both drug classes has become a major public health concern. Vaccines are prophylaxis mainstays but are limited in efficacy due to the difficulty in matching predicted dominant viral strains to circulating strains. As such, other potential interventions are being explored. Since viruses rely on host cellular functions to replicate, recent therapeutic developments focus on targeting host factors involved in virus replication. Besides controlling virus replication, potential targets for drug development include controlling virus-induced host immune responses such as the recently suggested involvement of innate lymphoid cells and NADPH oxidases in influenza virus pathogenesis and immune cell metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the advancements in novel host-based interventions for treating influenza disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Fung Yip
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Aisha Sami Mohammed Selim
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ida Lian
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suki Man-Yan Lee
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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12
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Cavagnero K, Doherty TA. Cytokine and Lipid Mediator Regulation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) in Human Allergic Airway Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2. [PMID: 28959799 PMCID: PMC5614509 DOI: 10.4172/2576-3881.1000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) has caused a paradigm shift in the understanding of allergic airway disease pathogenesis. Prior to the discovery of ILC2s, Th2 cells were largely thought to be the primary source of type 2 cytokines; however, activated ILC2s have since been shown to contribute significantly, and in some cases, dominantly to type 2 cytokine production. Since the discovery of ILC2s in 2010, many mediators have been shown to regulate their effector functions. Initial studies identified the epithelial derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP as activators of ILC2s, and recent studies have identified many additional cytokine and lipid mediators that are involved in ILC2 regulation. ILC2s and their mediators represent novel therapeutic targets for allergic airway diseases and intensive investigation is underway to better understand ILC2 biology and upstream and downstream pathways that lead to ILC2-driven airway pathology. In this review, we will focus on the cytokine and lipid mediators that regulate ILC2s in human allergic airway disease, as well as highlight newly discovered mediators of mouse ILC2s that may eventually translate to humans.
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