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Tan YB, Tay EH, Shahwan S, Zhang Y, Sambasivam R, Subramaniam M. Associations between parental bonding and health-related quality of life in a clinical sample of youths aged 14-35 years in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2024:00077293-990000000-00127. [PMID: 38993101 DOI: 10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2023-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with psychiatric disorders tend to report having poorer bonds with their parents during their early years. These individuals often experience lower quality of life as well. This study investigated the associations between aspects of parental bonding and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a clinical sample of youths. It was hypothesised that high parental care and low parental overprotectiveness would be associated with higher levels of HRQOL. METHODS Data were obtained from a larger cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 400 psychiatric outpatients: 191 patients aged 14-21 (mean ± standard deviation 18.1 ± 2.22) years and 209 patients aged 22-35 (28.0 ± 4.33) years. The Parental Bonding Instrument was used to measure parental care and overprotectiveness. Short Form-12 measured physical health (physical component summary [PCS]) and mental health (mental component summary [MCS]) components of HRQOL, and the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire assessed depressive symptoms. These scales and a sociodemographic form were self-administered. Multivariable linear regression was used for analysis. RESULTS About half of the sample reported affectionless control for mothers (46.6%) and fathers (45.9%). After controlling for sociodemographic variables, no significant relationship was found between aspects of parental bonding and PCS scores. Maternal care was associated with MCS scores (β = 0.32, P < 0.01) and PHQ-8 scores (β = -0.12, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that youths who experienced quality care from their mothers exhibit better mental health functioning despite their clinical diagnoses, which suggests that early maternal care exerts an overall long-term protective effect. Early parental education that promotes positive parenting practices could improve the overall HRQOL of individuals in adulthood despite their clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Boon Tan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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Neoh MJY, Lieu AA, Perinelli E, Balagtas JPM, Nah H, Ho MHR, Esposito G. An intergenerational study of parental bonding on perceptions of parental and spousal criticism and marital relationship quality in Singapore. FAMILY PROCESS 2024; 63:947-966. [PMID: 37712326 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Criticism is a form of interpersonal social rejection and destructive conflict behavior which has been associated with poor relationship outcomes in both parent-child and marital relationships. However, the role of the individual's perceptions of parental and spousal criticism in influencing the perceptions of criticism of other members in the family unit has not been examined. This study investigated the associations between parental bonding and perceptions of parental and spousal criticism across generations in Singapore. In all, 134 Singaporean married parent dyads (G2) and one child (G3) of each dyad were recruited. G2 parent participants completed the Perceived Criticism measure for their parents (G1) and spouses, the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Quality of Marriage Index. G3 children participants completed the Perceived Criticism measure for their parents (G2). Path analysis found that G2 perceptions of parental bonding were significant predictors of G2's perceptions of G1 parental criticism, which significantly predicted both G2's perceptions of spousal criticism and G3's perceptions of G2 parental criticism. Perceptions of spousal criticism were also found to predict marital relationship quality in G2 participants. Findings highlight the intergenerational transmission of perceptions of criticism across relationships in the family unit, providing support that parenting practices and communication patterns in one generation can predict those in the next generation in the Singaporean context. Future studies can look to replicate the findings in other cultures and include further investigations into sibling relationships as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jin Yee Neoh
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - An An Lieu
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrico Perinelli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - Hilda Nah
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Moon-Ho Ringo Ho
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto (TN), Italy
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Silver J, Thorpe D, Olino TM, Klein DN. Intergenerational Effects of Parenting on Children's Internalizing and Externalizing Trajectories: A Latent Growth Model Analysis. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01554-5. [PMID: 37378791 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Externalizing and internalizing problems in childhood are associated with risk for later psychopathology. It is important to identify antecedents as they may be targets for intervention. In a sample of 501 children (M = 6.07; 54.7% male; 12.4% Hispanic; 12.2% non-White), we leveraged data from a longitudinal study to examine the transmission of parenting behaviors across two generations and its effects on children's internalizing and externalizing outcomes in the subsequent generation. The results suggested transmission of parenting behaviors, confirmed the role of parenting on children's psychopathology, and provided novel evidence of a direct and indirect role of grandparent's caregiving on children's psychopathology via parenting continuity. These findings may inform interventions addressing continuity of parenting behaviors and their subsequent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilah Silver
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, 11794-2500, USA.
| | - Daneele Thorpe
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, 11794-2500, USA
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, 11794-2500, USA
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Ensink K, Bégin M, Martin-Gagnon G, Biberdzic M, Berthelot N, Normandin L, Fonagy P, Bernazzani O, Borelli JL. Post-traumatic-stress in the context of childhood maltreatment: pathways from attachment through mentalizing during the transition to parenthood. Front Psychol 2023; 14:919736. [PMID: 37359870 PMCID: PMC10289889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.919736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to clarify the role of mentalizing in pathways from attachment to Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) in survivors of childhood maltreatment (CM). We focused on the transition to parenting, a critical period for reworking parenting representations to reduce intergenerational maltreatment cycles. Method Study participants included 100 pregnant CM survivors. We assessed PTSS with the SCID and attachment and mentalizing with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), which was rated for Attachment and Reflective Functioning (RF). Results Regarding Re-experiencing trauma symptoms, the results of the path analysis were consistent with mediation. CM survivors' mentalizing about their early relationships with their parents (RF-Other) directly impacted Re-experiencing trauma symptoms, and attachment had an effect on Re-experiencing trauma symptoms through mentalizing (RF-Other). Regarding Arousal/Reactivity symptoms, the results of the pathways analysis were consistent with partial mediation by mentalizing about early relationships with parents (RF-Other). In addition to the pathway from attachment via mentalizing (RF-Other) to Arousal/Reactivity, the pathway between attachment and Arousal/Reactivity also remained significant. Discussion This study provides new evidence of a mentalizing and attachment model of PTSS in CM survivors. The findings indicate that increased mentalizing about early relationships with parents is an important process associated with lower PTSS. Finally, we discuss the implications of developing interventions for CM survivors to reduce PTSS. Scaffolding the development of mentalizing regarding attachment relationships in which CM occurred may help CM survivors reduce the intrusion of traumatic memories and decrease trauma-related arousal and reactivity symptoms. Interventions to help CM survivors mentalize regarding parents and attachment relationships in which trauma occurred may be particularly important during the transition to parenting when activation of representations of parenting can trigger PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ensink
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michaël Bégin
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marko Biberdzic
- Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lina Normandin
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Odette Bernazzani
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica L. Borelli
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Fernández-Pérez D, Ros L, Jimeno MV, Latorre JM. Effect of the emotional valence of autobiographical memory and parental bonding on depressive symptoms in a community sample. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6722. [PMID: 37185929 PMCID: PMC10130174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrospective perceptions of parental bonding may be a protective factor for emotional health. These perceptions are grounded in autobiographical memory, which plays a key role in the onset and maintenance of depressive symptomatology. The aim of the present study was to explore whether the emotional valence of autobiographical memories (positive and negative) and the dimensions of parental bonding (care and protection) have an impact on depressive symptomatology, examining the role of depressive rumination and possible age-related differences. A total of 139 young adults (18-28 years) and 124 older adults (65-88 years) completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Autobiographical Memory Test and the Short Depressive Rumination Scale. Our results show that positive autobiographical memories serve as a protective factor for depressive symptoms in both young and older adults. Additionally, in young adults, high paternal care and protection scores are associated with increased negative autobiographical memories, although this association has no effect on depressive symptomatology. In older adults, high maternal protection scores are directly related to greater depressive symptomatology. Depressive rumination significantly increases depressive symptoms in both young and older adults, with an increase in negative autobiographical memories in young adults, and a decrease in such memories in older adults. Our findings progress the understanding of the relationships between parental bonding and autobiographical memory with respect to emotional disorders, which, in turn, will help in the design of effective prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
- Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Laura Ros
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain
| | - María V Jimeno
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - José Miguel Latorre
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain
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Forresi B, Giani L, Scaini S, Nicolais G, Caputi M. The Mediation of Care and Overprotection between Parent-Adolescent Conflicts and Adolescents' Psychological Difficulties during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Which Role for Fathers? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20031957. [PMID: 36767325 PMCID: PMC9914833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of a significant raise in youths' emotional and behavioral difficulties during the pandemic. Only a few studies have addressed parent-adolescent conflict, and none investigated the possible mediating effect of parenting in the association between conflicts with parents and adolescents' symptoms. This study aimed at investigating youths' psychological symptoms during the pandemic, focusing on the predicting effect of parent-adolescent conflict. The mediating role of care and overprotection was also explored, considering whether adolescent gender moderated this mediation. METHODS 195 adolescents aged 14-18 years participated in an online longitudinal study. Perceived conflict with parents and parenting dimensions (Parental Bonding Instrument; PBI) were assessed at baseline (2021). Self-reported psychological difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ) were collected at baseline and after one year (2022). RESULTS A significantly severer symptomatology was found in adolescents having a conflictual relationship with one or both parents. Major conflicts with parents correlated with lower care and greater overprotection in mothers and fathers. However, parental overprotection and maternal care were not mediators of the relationship between conflict and youths' difficulties. The only exception was represented by paternal care that fully mediated this relationship in both adolescent males and females. CONCLUSIONS Although further investigations are needed to overcome limitations due to the small sample, findings extend our insight into the impact of parent-adolescent conflict, highlighting the role of fathers' care and the need to maximize their involvement in clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Forresi
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University (Milan), Ripa di Porta Ticinese, 77-20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Giani
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University (Milan), Ripa di Porta Ticinese, 77-20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Scaini
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University (Milan), Ripa di Porta Ticinese, 77-20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Nicolais
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 1-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Caputi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss, 2-34128 Trieste, Italy
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Li R, Kajanoja J, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Karukivi M. Sex-specific role of alexithymia in associations between parental bonding and mental health: A moderated mediation model. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:126-142. [PMID: 35521753 PMCID: PMC10083977 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of alexithymia and potential sex differences in the associations between perceived parental bonding and mental health. METHODS The sample consists of 2421 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study who completed the parental bonding instrument, the Toronto alexithymia scale, the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, and the anxiety subscale of the symptom checklist-90. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted to examine the possible mediating role of alexithymia and moderating role of sex in the associations between parental bonding and depressive/anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Alexithymia was found to be a potential mediator and sex be a moderator in the relations between perceived dysfunctional parental bonding and the psychological symptoms. Specifically, dysfunctional paternal bonding, especially paternal overprotection, had stronger indirect effects (via alexithymia) on the psychological symptoms in males. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates the importance of alexithymia in the parenting-related mental health impacts and highlights the significance of paternal bonding for the development of alexithymia and mental health problems in male populations. The findings improve the limited understanding of sex-related parental factors for alexithymia and mental health problems. Future studies in longitudinal designs are warranted to clarify the causal process of the mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Kajanoja
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Satakunta Hospital District, Pori, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Center for Population Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Center for Population Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Max Karukivi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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8
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Siqueira-Campos VM, Fernandes LJH, de Deus JM, Conde DM. Parenting Styles, Mental Health, and Catastrophizing in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13347. [PMID: 36293927 PMCID: PMC9602934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women is a highly prevalent condition worldwide and requires multimodal treatment. Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with CPP in women, while allodynia and poor outcomes have been linked to pain catastrophizing in these patients. Pain perception has been associated with parenting style during childhood. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between parenting style, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression and CPP in women. A case-control study was conducted between May 2018 and August 2021 with 123 women with CPP and 123 pain-free controls. Questionnaires were used to collect participants' data. The association between parenting style and CPP was assessed using multiple logistic regression, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) being calculated. The correlation between catastrophizing, pain intensity, pain duration, anxiety, depression, and parenting style in women with CPP was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r). A higher frequency of low maternal care (60.7% versus 45.2%; p = 0.026), anxiety (79.7% versus 56.9%; p < 0.001), depression (73.2% versus 56.1%; p = 0.008) and physical violence (31.7% versus 14.6%; p = 0.003) was found in the CPP group compared to the controls. There was no association between parenting style and CPP in the adjusted analysis. A positive correlation was found between catastrophizing and pain intensity (r = 0.342; p < 0.001), anxiety (r = 0.271; p = 0.002), depression (r = 0.272; p = 0.002), and maternal overprotection (r = 0.185; p = 0.046). A negative correlation was found between anxiety and maternal (r = -0.184; p = 0.047) and paternal (r = -0.286; p = 0.006) care and between depression and maternal (r = -0.219; p = 0.018) and paternal (r = -0.234; p = 0.026) care. The present results suggest a significant but weak association of parenting style with pain catastrophizing, the mental health of women with CPP, and the way in which they experience pain.
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Tugnoli S, Casetta I, Caracciolo S, Salviato J. Parental bonding, depression, and suicidal ideation in medical students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:877306. [PMID: 35992478 PMCID: PMC9386274 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.877306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe psychological condition of university students has been the focus of research since several years. In this population, prevalence rates of depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety disorders and substance abuse are higher than those of the general population, and medical students are more likely to have mental health issues than other students.AimsThis study deals with the psychological condition of medical students, with a focus on correlations between depression, suicidal ideation and the quality of the perceived parenting style. Gender differences were also considered.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on a population of medical students, with an online questionnaire consisting of a personal data sheet for demographic and anamnestic data, and of three self-rating scales: the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), for the screening of depressive symptoms; the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), to assess suicidal ideation; the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), to investigate the memory of the attitude of one’s parents in the first 16 years of life. Two main affective dimensions were considered by PBI: “care” (affection and empathy) and “protection” (intrusiveness, controlling and constraint). Four different patterns of parenting styles are so evidenced: Neglectful Parenting (low care/low protection), Affectionless Control (low care/high protection), Optimal Parenting (high care/low protection), and Affectionate Constraint (high care/high protection).ResultsOverall, 671 students (182 males and 489 females) participated. Females, compared to males, experienced more distress and self-injurious behaviors, while males experienced more drugs or alcohol abuse. The BHS and BDI-II scores correlated positively with the PBI score for “protection” and negatively with that for “care.” Affectionless Control and Neglectful Parenting were associated with higher medians of BHS and BDI-II scores.ConclusionThe study confirms that the undergraduate medical student population has higher prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation than those detectable in the general population (respectively, 50.2% and 16.7% vs. 15–18% and 9.2%) and that some specific parenting styles correlate with these two clinical variables. The impact of Affectionless Control and Neglectful Parenting on suicidal ideation and depressive symptomatology was more pronounced in females than in males. For males, the role of the father seemed to have less impact on the affective roots of suicidal thoughts and depression.
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Kidd KN, Prasad D, Cunningham JEA, de Azevedo Cardoso T, Frey BN. The relationship between parental bonding and mood, anxiety and related disorders in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:221-236. [PMID: 35378151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong bond between parents and their children is essential in promoting healthy psychological development. Poor quality parent-child relationships can render children vulnerable to various adverse outcomes. Although extensive research has highlighted the association between abnormal parent-child bonding and mood and anxiety-related psychopathology in offspring, no systematic review or meta-analysis has assessed this relationship in adults. METHODS A literature search was conducted in five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science) on January 4th, 2021. Studies that assessed the relationship between parental bonding and the presence of a mood or anxiety disorder in adults were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Fifty-seven studies were included in the systematic review (n = 44 in the meta-analysis). Quantitative results indicated that individuals with major depression, panic disorder, or persistent depressive disorder reported lower parental care and higher overprotection compared to individuals without psychiatric diagnoses. Qualitative results indicated that individuals with diagnoses of mood or anxiety disorders tended to report higher parental abuse than controls. LIMITATIONS The measures of parental bonding used by the included studies are retrospective and subject to biases. All studies had a case-control design and thus, causal-relationships cannot be drawn from the results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that poor-quality parental bonding early in life may place offspring at greater risk for mood and anxiety disorders during adulthood. Future research should extend these results by confirming the relationship between parental bonding and other psychiatric disorders, as well as identifying which factors mediate the relationship between abnormal parental bonding and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina N Kidd
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Divya Prasad
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada; Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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Relations between physical activity, sedentary time, and body fat from childhood to adolescence: Do they differ by sex? Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1615-1623. [PMID: 35662270 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to reveal the direction of influence between physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST) and body fat in youth have produced inconsistent results, possibly due to a lack of adjustment for confounders and other factors. Sex-specific associations have rarely been studied. METHODS A sample from two Norwegian birth cohorts (n = 809) were followed biennially over five waves from the age of 6-14 years. Physical activity and ST were recorded by accelerometers, and body fat was assessed by bioelectrical impedance measurements. RESULTS By applying a dynamic panel model (DPM) that adjusts for all time-invariant confounding factors, it was found that among boys, increased fat mass index (FMI) at ages 8, 10 and 12 years predicted decreased PA two years later (8-10 years: B = -0.67, (95% CI: -1.1, -0.24); 10-12 years: B = -0.33, (95% CI: -0.61, -0.05); 12-14 years: B = -0.29, (95% CI: -0.52, -0.06)). Regarding the opposite direction of influence, more PA at age 12 forecasted reduced FMI at age 14 (B = -0.16, (95% CI: -0.24, -0.07)), whereas increased FMI predicted increased ST across all time points in boys only (6-8 years: B = 0.23, (95% CI:0.02.43); 8-10 years: B = 0.23, (95% CI:.08.39); 10-12 years: B = 0.13, (95% CI:.03.23); 12-14 years: B = 0.17, (95% CI:.07, 26)). The revealed relationships were significantly stronger in boys compared to the (absent) relations in girls. Sensitivity analyses examining moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) rather than total PA were in accordance with the main findings. CONCLUSIONS In boys, increased FMI predicted reduced PA and increased ST two years later from childhood to adolescence. The opposite direction of influence was evident from only ages 12-14. There were no prospective relationships between FMI and PA or ST among girls.
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12
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Mansour KA, Greenwood CJ, Biden EJ, Francis LM, Olsson CA, Macdonald JA. Pre-pandemic Predictors of Loneliness in Adult Men During COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:775588. [PMID: 34955922 PMCID: PMC8692260 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.775588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is a major public health issue, with its prevalence rising during COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns and mandated "social distancing" practices. A 2020 global study (n = 46,054) found that, in comparison to women, men experienced the greatest levels of loneliness. Although research on predictors of loneliness during COVID-19 is increasing, little is known about the characteristics of men who may be particularly vulnerable. Studies using prospective data are needed to inform preventative measures to support men at risk of loneliness. The current study draws on rare longitudinal data from an Australian cohort of men in young to mid-adulthood (n = 283; aged M = 34.6, SD = 1.38 years) to examine 25 pre-pandemic psychosocial predictors of loneliness during COVID-19 social restrictions (March-September 2020). Adjusted linear regressions identified 22 pre-pandemic predictors of loneliness across a range of trait-based, relational, career/home and mental health variables. Given the extensive set of predictors, we then conducted penalized regression models (LASSO), a machine learning approach, allowing us to identify the best fitting multivariable set of predictors of loneliness during the pandemic. In these models, men's sense of pre-pandemic environmental mastery emerged as the strongest predictor of loneliness. Depression, neuroticism and social support also remained key predictors of pandemic loneliness (R 2 = 26, including covariates). Our findings suggest that men's loneliness can be detected prospectively and under varying levels of social restriction, presenting possible targets for prevention efforts for those most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A. Mansour
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Greenwood
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ebony J. Biden
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren M. Francis
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig A. Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqui A. Macdonald
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Raffagnato A, Angelico C, Fasolato R, Sale E, Gatta M, Miscioscia M. Parental Bonding and Children's Psychopathology: A Transgenerational View Point. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:1012. [PMID: 34828725 PMCID: PMC8618782 DOI: 10.3390/children8111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Literature confirmed parental bonding as one of key factors influencing offspring's psychopathology; the present study aimed to investigate, with a case-control study, the relationship between parental bonding and psychopathology in an Italian adolescent sample. The clinical sample was composed of 64 adolescents from 12 to 18 years old (Mage 15.00; S.D. 1.70) attending a Neuropsychiatric Unit of Veneto; the non-clinical sample was composed of 61 adolescents, from 13 to 18 years old (Mage 14.80; S.D. 1.32) attending middle and high school in the province of Padua and Pesaro (Italy); their parents (mothers and fathers) were also involved. In the study, self-reported tests were administered (Parental Bonding Instrument, Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self Report). Our study confirmed a correlation between parental bonding and adolescent psychopathology: dysfunctional parenting styles (characterized by low care and high control) were more frequent among cases in contrast to controls. An effect of gender also appeared. In the Italian adolescent clinical sample, parental bonding, especially low parental care, was correlated to the emergence of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Rachele Fasolato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Eleonora Sale
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, ULSS6 Padua, 35143 Padua, Italy;
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.A.); (R.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.)
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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14
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Neoh MJY, Carollo A, Bonassi A, Mulatti C, Lee A, Esposito G. A cross-cultural study of the effect of parental bonding on the perception and response to criticism in Singapore, Italy and USA. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257888. [PMID: 34591898 PMCID: PMC8483350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents play a primary and crucial role in emotional socialisation processes in children where individuals learn the expression, understanding and regulation of emotions. Parenting practices and dimensions of the parent-child relationship have been associated with social and emotional processes in children. As criticism involves negative emotional reactions and emotion regulation, the parent-child relationship is likely to influence an individual's perception and response to criticism. Hence, the present study investigated the relationship of parental bonding and the perception and response to criticism in three different countries-Singapore, Italy and USA. Adult participants (n = 444) completed the Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI) and measures of criticism. Parental care, overprotection and country were found to be significant predictors of a tendency to perceive criticism as destructive. Higher levels of parental care predicted a lower tendency to perceive criticism as destructive while higher levels of parental overprotection predicted a higher tendency to perceive criticism as destructive. US American participants were found to have a significantly higher tendency to perceive criticism as destructive compared to Italian and Singaporean participants. The findings align with past research on the role of the parent-child relationship in the socio-emotional development of children as well as providing insight into a specific aspect in social interaction; perception and response to criticism, being affected. Future studies can look to investigate this relationship further in different countries in light of cultural variation in parenting styles and emotion experience, expression and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jin Yee Neoh
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonassi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Claudio Mulatti
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Albert Lee
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Cascino G, Marciello F, Monteleone AM, D'Agostino G, Patriciello G, Monteleone P. Perceived parental bonding and cortisol awakening response in people with eating disorders. Eat Behav 2021; 42:101546. [PMID: 34358853 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that early life experiences may have an impact on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in eating disorders (EDs). Parental bonding is defined as the parental contribution of care and control to parent-child relationships. We evaluated whether perceived care and protection of parental bonding in childhood and adolescence were associated with HPA axis functioning in adult patients with EDs. Sixty-four women with EDs participated in the study, 37 with anorexia nervosa and 27 with bulimia nervosa. Parental care and control (separately for the mother and father) were evaluated by the Parental Bonding Instrument. The activity of the HPA axis was assessed by measuring the salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR). Parental care and control did not differ significantly between the two diagnostic groups. High and low maternal care were associated with significantly different time patterns of CAR without any significant difference in the overall post-awakening production of cortisol. Maternal control, paternal care and paternal control were not associated with any difference in the CAR. Our results showed for the first time an association of perceived maternal care with the time pattern of CAR in female patients with EDs, while perceived parental control was not associated with any CAR feature. These findings support the idea that perceived characteristics of parental bonding in childhood and adolescence may influence the HPA axis activity in adults with EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giammarco Cascino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Francesca Marciello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Giulia D'Agostino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Section of Neurosciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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16
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Siqueira-Campos VM, De Deus MSC, Carneiro LA, Naghettini AV, Pereira MAD, De Deus JM, Conde DM. Dysfunctional Parenting Styles Are Associated with Mental Disorders and Low Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Brazilian Undergraduate Medical Students. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6372922. [PMID: 34337033 PMCID: PMC8294955 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6372922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between parental bonding styles and anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and self-efficacy beliefs in undergraduate medical students. METHODS A cross-sectional, self-administered survey involving 315 Brazilian medical students was conducted online. The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and the general self-efficacy (GSE) scale were used. The internal consistency of the instruments used in the study was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. Multiple logistic regression models were applied, and the odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine the association between parental bonding styles and anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and general self-efficacy beliefs. RESULTS In the analysis adjusted for sociodemographic variables, maternal affectionless control was associated with a greater risk of anxiety (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.15-5.33), depression (OR = 7.54; 95% CI: 3.20-17.78), suicidal ideation (OR = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.58-8.27), and low self-efficacy (OR = 3.81; 95% CI: 1.76-8.25), while maternal neglectful parenting was associated with depression (OR = 3.24; 95% CI: 1.17-8.96) and paternal affectionate constraint with suicidal ideation (OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.36-7.02). CONCLUSIONS These findings showed dysfunctional parenting styles to be associated with mental illnesses and low self-efficacy in Brazilian undergraduate medical students. This should be taken into consideration when treating medical students with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larissa Arbués Carneiro
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Amélia Dias Pereira
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - José Miguel De Deus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Délio Marques Conde
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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17
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Kalfon Hakhmigari M, Peled Y, Krissi H, Levy S, Molmen-Lichter M, Handelzalts JE. Anxious Attachment Mediates the Associations Between Early Recollections of Mother's Own Parental Bonding and Mother-Infant Bonding: A 2-Month Path Analysis Model. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:682161. [PMID: 34366916 PMCID: PMC8336863 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.682161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental bonding (recollection of own parents' parenting), adult attachment, and mother-infant bonding are all closely related yet distinct concepts of the parent-child relationship, sometimes used interchangeably in the literature. This study aimed to examine the associations between these concepts in a longitudinal path analysis design. A total of 262 postpartum women who gave birth at the maternity ward of a large tertiary health center in Israel completed a demographic questionnaire, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) at 1-4 days postpartum, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) at 2 months postpartum. Parental care factor (PBI) was found to be associated with mother-infant bonding (PBQ), directly and indirectly through insecure anxious attachment (ECR). Denial of autonomy factor (PBI) was found to be associated with mother-infant bonding (PBQ) only through insecure anxious attachment (ECR). Encouragement of behavioral freedom factor (PBI) was found to be associated with mother-infant bonding (PBQ) in a simple correlation but not in the complete model. The results highlight the intergenerational aspects of parenting and suggest that early childhood interventions with parents may have a long-term impact on child-rearing though generations, and by that on children's development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoav Peled
- The Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Krissi
- The Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Levy
- Statistics Education Unit, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maayan Molmen-Lichter
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan E. Handelzalts
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Psychiatry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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18
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Abraham E, Letkiewicz AM, Wickramaratne PJ, Bunyan M, van Dijk MT, Gameroff MJ, Posner J, Talati A, Weissman MM. Major depression, temperament, and social support as psychosocial mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of parenting styles. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1-15. [PMID: 34099080 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this three-generation longitudinal study of familial depression, we investigated the continuity of parenting styles, and major depressive disorder (MDD), temperament, and social support during childrearing as potential mechanisms. Each generation independently completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), measuring individuals' experiences of care and overprotection received from parents during childhood. MDD was assessed prospectively, up to 38 years, using the semi-structured Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS). Social support and temperament were assessed using the Social Adjustment Scale - Self-Report (SAS-SR) and Dimensions of Temperament Scales - Revised, respectively. We first assessed transmission of parenting styles in the generation 1 to generation 2 cycle (G1→G2), including 133 G1 and their 229 G2 children (367 pairs), and found continuity of both care and overprotection. G1 MDD accounted for the association between G1→G2 experiences of care, and G1 social support and temperament moderated the transmission of overprotection. The findings were largely similar when examining these psychosocial mechanisms in 111 G2 and their spouses (G2+S) and their 136 children (G3) (a total of 223 pairs). Finally, in a subsample of families with three successive generations (G1→G2→G3), G2 experiences of overprotection accounted for the association between G1→G3 experiences of overprotection. The results of this study highlight the roles of MDD, temperament, and social support in the intergenerational continuity of parenting, which should be considered in interventions to "break the cycle" of poor parenting practices across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Abraham
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison M Letkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Priya J Wickramaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maya Bunyan
- Departments of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Milenna T van Dijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc J Gameroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Hegelstad WTV, Berg AO, Bjornestad J, Gismervik K, Johannessen JO, Melle I, Stain HJ, Joa I. Childhood interpersonal trauma and premorbid social adjustment as predictors of symptom remission in first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2021; 232:87-94. [PMID: 34029946 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood interpersonal trauma (CIT) and premorbid adjustment are both associated with poor outcome in psychosis. In this study we investigate the relative impact of CIT and premorbid adjustment on symptom remission in first episode psychosis (FEP) over two years. METHOD A total of 232 participants with FEP were recruited through the early detection program of the The early detection and Intervention in Psychosis (TIPS)-2 study and followed up after two years. Symptom remission was according to consensus criteria. CIT was assessed with the semi-structured interview Freyd Goldberg Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey, and premorbid adjustment with the Premorbid Adjustment Scale. Generalized estimating equations and multivariate models were used to analyze the associations between remission, symptom levels over time, CIT and premorbid adjustment; and a path analysis of mediation effects of CIT through premorbid adjustment on remission. RESULTS In this sample with 57% males and a mean age of 26.6 years (SD 10.2), a third of participants had experienced CIT. The participants with CIT had poorer premorbid adjustment compared to those without. Statistical analyses found independent effects of CIT and an interaction effect of CIT with premorbid adjustment on remission after two years, suggesting that CIT moderates the effect of premorbid adjustment. However contrary to expectations, premorbid adjustment did not mediate the effect of CIT. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a complex interplay between effects of interpersonal trauma and premorbid social adjustment on remission in psychosis. CIT appeared to moderate the effect of premorbid adjustment such that individuals with CIT and who had poor social functioning in childhood are at greater risk of non-remission. Findings indicate that better premorbid social relations could provide a buffer for the effects of trauma on symptom course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche Ten Velden Hegelstad
- TIPS Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Akiah Ottesen Berg
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jone Bjornestad
- TIPS Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kristina Gismervik
- TIPS Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Olav Johannessen
- TIPS Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helen J Stain
- TIPS Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Inge Joa
- TIPS Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
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20
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Fabel M. Maternity leave and children's health outcomes in the long-term. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 76:102431. [PMID: 33524645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper assesses the impact of the length of maternity leave on children's health outcomes in the long-run. My quasi-experimental design evaluates an expansion in maternity leave coverage from two to six months, which occurred in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1979. The expansion came into effect after a sharp cutoff date and significantly increased the time working mothers stayed at home with their newborns during the first six months after childbirth. Using this cutoff date as a source of exogenous variation, I exploit German hospital registry data, which contains detailed information on the universe of inpatients' diagnoses from 1995-2014. By tracking the health of treated and control children from age 16 up to age 35, this study provides new insights into the trajectory of health differentials over the life-cycle. I find that the legislative change generated positive long-term health effects: My intention-to-treat estimates show that children born after the implementation of the reform experience fewer hospital admissions and are less likely to be diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fabel
- ifo Institute for Economic Research and Munich Graduate School of Economics, Germany.
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21
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Kullberg MLJ, van Schie CC, van Sprang ED, Hartman CA, van Hemert AM, Penninx BWJH, Elzinga BM. Why some siblings thrive whereas others struggle: A within-family study on recollections of childhood parental bonding and current adult depressive and anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:413-421. [PMID: 33359954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brothers and sisters growing up together share a large proportion of their genes and rearing environment. However, some siblings thrive whereas others struggle. This study investigated family-wide childhood bonding experiences with mother and father, in addition to individual-specific recollections, in relation to current depressive and anxiety symptom levels in adulthood. We examined whether extraversion and internal locus of control (iLoC) had a protective effect in this. METHODS The sample consisted of 256 families with at least one lifetime depressed or anxious person (N = 596; ages 20-78). Multilevel modeling with cross-level interactions was used. RESULTS Adult siblings showed moderate to high agreement in their childhood parental bonding (PB) recollections. Over-and-above the association between individual-specific recollections of PB and adult internalizing symptoms, family-wide poor PB was additionally linked to elevated symptom levels. Within families characterized by poor maternal bonding persons with an iLoC were relatively less anxious (but not less depressed), whereas extraversion was not protective in this context. LIMITATION Although evidence exists that poor childhood PB has an impact on (adult) psychopathology, causality cannot be determined and possible recall bias of PB should be noted. Moreover, next to their moderating effects, extraversion and LoC may also act as mediators. CONCLUSIONS Our findings extend prior work by demonstrating the importance of siblings' childhood PB experiences next to a person's own recollections when investigating adult internalizing symptoms, while also elucidating individual differences within families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte C van Schie
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Eleonore D van Sprang
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert M van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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22
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Tottenham N, Weissman MM, Wang Z, Warner V, Gameroff MJ, Semanek DP, Hao X, Gingrich JA, Peterson BS, Posner J, Talati A. Depression Risk Is Associated With Weakened Synchrony Between the Amygdala and Experienced Emotion. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:343-351. [PMID: 33487578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with aberrant limbic neural responses to emotional stimuli. We assessed how self-generated emotions modulate trial-by-trial limbic activity and whether this brain-emotion synchrony varies by familial MDD risk (regardless of personal MDD history) and neuroticism. METHODS Participants (n = 74, mean age = 34 years) were later-generation family members of depressed or nondepressed probands as part of a longitudinal cohort study. Using an emotion induction task, we examined participant-specific modulation of anatomically defined limbic neurobiology. Neuroticism, mental health, and familial parenting style were assessed, and MDD assessments were routinely collected throughout the previous longitudinal assessments of the study. RESULTS Participant-specific emotional arousal modulated amygdala and hippocampal activity. Lasso regression identified attenuated right amygdala arousal modulation as being relatively more associated with neuroticism (even though neuroticism was not associated with arousal ratings). Attenuated amygdala modulation and neuroticism were significantly more likely in offspring of parents with MDD. Parental MDD, but not personal history of MDD, predicted attenuated amygdala modulation. CONCLUSIONS Attenuated right amygdala modulation by emotional arousal was associated with neuroticism, indicating that the amygdala was less synchronous with emotional experiences in individuals higher in neuroticism. This neurophenotype was predicted by participants' parental MDD history but not by their own MDD history; that is, it was observed in unaffected and affected offspring of parents with MDD. These data suggest that weak amygdala-emotion synchrony may be a predisposing risk factor for MDD, rather than a result of the illness, and they suggest pathways by which this risk factor for depression is passed intergenerationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Zhishun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Virginia Warner
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc J Gameroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - David P Semanek
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Xuejun Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jay A Gingrich
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Center for the Developing Mind, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
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23
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Abraham E, Posner J, Wickramaratne PJ, Aw N, van Dijk MT, Cha J, Weissman MM, Talati A. Concordance in parent and offspring cortico-basal ganglia white matter connectivity varies by parental history of major depressive disorder and early parental care. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:889-903. [PMID: 33031555 PMCID: PMC7543940 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Social behavior is transmitted cross-generationally through coordinated behavior within attachment bonds. Parental depression and poor parental care are major risks for disruptions of such coordination and are associated with offspring's psychopathology and interpersonal dysfunction. Given the key role of the cortico-basal ganglia (CBG) circuits in social communication, we examined similarities (concordance) of parent-offspring CBG white matter (WM) connections and how parental history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and early parental care moderate these similarities. We imaged 44 parent-offspring dyads and investigated WM connections between basal-ganglia seeds and selected regions in temporal cortex using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography. We found significant concordance in parent-offspring strength of CBG WM connections, moderated by parental lifetime-MDD and care. The results showed diminished neural concordance among dyads with a depressed parent and that better parental care predicted greater concordance, which also provided a protective buffer against attenuated concordance among dyads with a depressed parent. Our findings provide the first neurobiological evidence of concordance between parents-offspring in WM tracts and that concordance is diminished in families where parents have lifetime-MDD. This disruption may be a risk factor for intergenerational transmission of psychopathology. Findings emphasize the long-term role of early caregiving in shaping the neural concordance among at-risk and affected dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Abraham
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Divisions of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Priya J Wickramaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Divisions of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Aw
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Milenna T van Dijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Divisions of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Divisions of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Divisions of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Cataldo I, Neoh MJY, Chew WF, Foo JN, Lepri B, Esposito G. Oxytocin receptor gene and parental bonding modulate prefrontal responses to cries: a NIRS Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8588. [PMID: 32444796 PMCID: PMC7244477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to interpret and regulate emotions relies on experiences of emotional socialization, obtained firstly through the interaction with the parents, and on genetic features that affect how individuals take on social situations. Evidence from the genetic field states that specific allelic variations of the oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms regulate physiological modulation of human behavior, especially concerning responses to social cues and affiliative behaviors. Starting from this gene-by-environment interaction frame, we assessed 102 young adults for OXTr rs53576 and rs2254298, recalled parental bonding (using the Parental Bonding Instrument), and recorded participants' neural responses to social stressors using Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS). The results highlight that higher genetic susceptibility (G/G homozygous) to familiar context and positive early life interactions modulate more optimal neural responses to general social cues, in terms of promptness to action. With regards to the dimensions of parental bonding, we found lateralized effects, with greater activation in the right prefrontal cortex for Care subscales, and on the left side of the prefrontal cortex for Overprotection. Results provide evidence to understand the neurological mechanisms behind the negative impact of poor parenting practices on the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cataldo
- Affiliative Behavior and Physiology Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy.,Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Michelle Jin-Yee Neoh
- Social and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Fang Chew
- Social and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Lepri
- Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Affiliative Behavior and Physiology Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy. .,Social and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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25
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Abstract
Associations between subjective maternal bonding recalled from the first 16 years of life and current sleep indices were investigated in a clinical sample of 34 adults with major depressive disorder and 36 normal controls (n = 70) using the self-report parental bonding instrument and wrist actigraphy. Results of multiple linear regression analyses indicated that reports of maternal bonding indices were associated with several sleep indices in adulthood independent of depression status. Higher levels of maternal care were associated with greater time in bed and total sleep time. Higher levels of maternal overprotection were associated with fewer awakenings. Findings indicate that reported maternal bonding characteristics in childhood are related to objectively measured sleep characteristics in adulthood, independent of mood state.
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26
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Coulter RWS, Jun HJ, Truong N, Mair C, Markovic N, Friedman MR, Silvestre AJ, Stall R, Corliss HL. Effects of familial and non-familial warmth during childhood and adolescence on sexual-orientation disparities in alcohol use trajectories and disorder during emerging adulthood. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107643. [PMID: 31689643 PMCID: PMC6952075 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated sexual-orientation differences in typologies of self-reported familial and non-familial warmth in childhood (before age 11) and adolescence (ages 11-17); and tested whether warmth explained sexual minority emerging adults' (ages 18-25) heightened odds of having heavier alcohol use trajectories (AUTs) and heightened risk for past-year alcohol use disorder (AUD) compared to completely heterosexuals. METHODS Using self-reported data from the U.S.-based Growing Up Today Study cohort, latent class analyses identified typologies of familial and non-familial warmth during childhood and adolescence. Multivariable regression models tested our objectives. RESULTS Six warmth classes emerged, including: High-High (i.e., high familial and high non-familial warmth, respectively); High-Moderate; Moderate-Moderate; Moderate-Occasional; Occasional-Occasional; and Low-Low. Among women, sexual minorities had higher odds than completely heterosexuals of being in the Moderate-Moderate, Moderate-Occasional, and Occasional-Occasional versus the High-High warmth class. There were not significant associations between sexual orientation and warmth classes for men. Lower warmth classes were generally associated with greater past-year AUD, and mediated heightened disparities in AUD for sexual minority women versus completely heterosexual women (4.3% mediated), but not among men. Warmth classes were generally unassociated with AUTs, and did not mediate sexual-orientation differences in AUTs. CONCLUSIONS Lower warmth was associated with greater alcohol-related problems, but not alcohol use itself. Warmth explained a small proportion of AUD disparities for sexual minority women-but not for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W S Coulter
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 3414 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA.
| | - Hee-Jin Jun
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92123 USA
| | - Nhan Truong
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92123 USA
| | - Christina Mair
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Nina Markovic
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA; Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA
| | - M Reuel Friedman
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 3520 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA
| | - Anthony J Silvestre
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 3520 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA
| | - Ron Stall
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA
| | - Heather L Corliss
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92123 USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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27
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Walsh K, McCormack CA, Webster R, Pinto A, Lee S, Feng T, Krakovsky HS, O'Grady SM, Tycko B, Champagne FA, Werner EA, Liu G, Monk C. Maternal prenatal stress phenotypes associate with fetal neurodevelopment and birth outcomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23996-24005. [PMID: 31611411 PMCID: PMC6883837 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905890116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal prenatal stress influences offspring neurodevelopment and birth outcomes including the ratio of males to females born; however, there is limited understanding of what types of stress matter, and for whom. Using a data-driven approach with 27 variables from questionnaires, ambulatory diaries, and physical assessments collected early in the singleton pregnancies of 187 women, 3 latent profiles of maternal prenatal stress emerged that were differentially associated with sex at birth, birth outcomes, and fetal neurodevelopment. Most women (66.8%) were in the healthy group (HG); 17.1% were in the psychologically stressed group (PSYG), evidencing clinically meaningful elevations in perceived stress, depression, and anxiety; and 16% were in the physically stressed group (PHSG) with relatively higher ambulatory blood pressure and increased caloric intake. The population normative male:female secondary sex ratio (105:100) was lower in the PSYG (2:3) and PHSG (4:9), and higher in the HG (23:18), consistent with research showing diminished male births in maternal stress contexts. PHSG versus HG infants were born 1.5 wk earlier (P < 0.05) with 22% compared to 5% born preterm. PHSG versus HG fetuses had decreased fetal heart rate-movement coupling (P < 0.05), which may indicate slower central nervous system development, and PSYG versus PHSG fetuses had more birth complications, consistent with previous findings among offspring of women with psychiatric illness. Social support most strongly differentiated the HG, PSYG, and PHSG groups, and higher social support was associated with increased odds of male versus female births. Stress phenotypes in pregnant women are associated with male vulnerability and poor fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Walsh
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, The Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Clare A McCormack
- Center for Science and Society, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Rachel Webster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Anita Pinto
- Data Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Biostatistics (in Psychiatry), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Tianshu Feng
- Department of Biostatistics (in Psychiatry), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - H Sloan Krakovsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sinclaire M O'Grady
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Hackensack-Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ 07110
| | - Frances A Champagne
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Elizabeth A Werner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Grace Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032;
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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28
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Unternaehrer E, Cost KT, Jonas W, Dhir SK, Bouvette-Turcot AA, Gaudreau H, Dass SH, Lydon JE, Steiner M, Szatmari P, Meaney MJ, Fleming AS. Once and Again : History of Rearing Experiences and Psychosocial Parenting Resources at Six Months in Primiparous Mothers. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2019; 30:448-476. [PMID: 31749065 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-019-09355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Animal and human studies suggest that parenting style is transmitted from one generation to the next. The hypotheses of this study were that (1) a mother's rearing experiences (G1) would predict her own parenting resources (G2) and (2) current maternal mood, motivation to care for her offspring, and relationship with her parents would underlie this association. In a subsample of 201 first-time mothers participating in the longitudinal Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment project, we assessed a mother's own childhood maltreatment and rearing experiences (G1) using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Parental Bonding Instrument. At 6 months postpartum, mothers completed questionnaires on parenting stress (G2), symptoms of depression, maternal motivation, and current relationship with their own parents. The sample consisted of mostly high socioeconomic status mothers recruited from Montréal (n = 135) or Hamilton (n = 66), Canada, with an age range from 18 to 43 years (M = 29.41, SD = 4.85 years). More severe maltreatment and less supportive rearing by the mother's parents (G1) predicted increased parenting stress at 6 months (G2). These associations were mediated through distinct psychosocial pathways: maltreatment (G1) on parenting stress (G2) through symptoms of depression (Z = 2.297; p = .022); maternal rearing (G1) on parenting stress (G2) through maternal motivation (Z = -2.155; p = .031) and symptoms of depression (Z = -1.842; p = .065); and paternal rearing (G1) on parenting stress (G2) through current relationship with the father (Z = -2.617; p = .009). Maternal rearing experiences predict a mother's own parenting resources though distinct psychosocial pathways, including depressed mood, maternal motivation, and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Unternaehrer
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. .,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, University of Constance, Constance, Germany.
| | - Katherine Tombeau Cost
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,University of Toronto Mississauga, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wibke Jonas
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine K Dhir
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Bouvette-Turcot
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Batshaw Youth and Family Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hélène Gaudreau
- Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Shantala Hari Dass
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - John E Lydon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Masud S, Mufarrih SH, Qureshi NQ, Khan F, Khan S, Khan MN. Academic Performance in Adolescent Students: The Role of Parenting Styles and Socio-Demographic Factors - A Cross Sectional Study From Peshawar, Pakistan. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2497. [PMID: 31780999 PMCID: PMC6856224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Academic performance is among the several components of academic success. Many factors, including socioeconomic status, student temperament and motivation, peer, and parental support influence academic performance. Our study aims to investigate the determinants of academic performance with emphasis on the role of parental styles in adolescent students in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 456 students from 4 public and 4 private schools were interviewed. Academic performance was assessed based on self-reported grades in the latest internal examinations. Parenting styles were assessed through the administration of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of socio-demographic factors and parenting styles on academic performance. Factors associated with and differences between "care" and "overprotection" scores of fathers and mothers were analyzed. Higher socio-economic status, father's education level, and higher care scores were independently associated with better academic performance in adolescent students. Affectionless control was the most common parenting style for fathers and mothers. When adapted by the father, it was also the only parenting style independently improving academic performance. Overall, mean "care" scores were higher for mothers and mean "overprotection" scores were higher for fathers. Parenting workshops and school activities emphasizing the involvement of mothers and fathers in the parenting of adolescent students might have a positive influence on their academic performance. Affectionless control may be associated with improved academics but the emotional and psychosocial effects of this style of parenting need to be investigated before recommendations are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Masud
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Fahad Khan
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Saad Khan
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naseem Khan
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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30
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Farber MJ, Kim MJ, Knodt AR, Hariri AR. Maternal overprotection in childhood is associated with amygdala reactivity and structural connectivity in adulthood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 40:100711. [PMID: 31629936 PMCID: PMC6961964 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that variability in early-life caregiving experiences maps onto individual differences in threat-related brain function. Here, we extend this work to provide further evidence that subtle variability in specific features of early caregiving shapes structural and functional connectivity between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in a cohort of 312 young adult volunteers. Multiple regression analyses revealed that participants who reported higher maternal overprotection exhibited increased amygdala reactivity to explicit signals of interpersonal threat but not implicit signals of broad environmental threat. While amygdala functional connectivity with regulatory regions of the mPFC was not significantly associated with maternal overprotection, participants who reported higher maternal overprotection exhibited relatively decreased structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus (UF), a white matter tract connecting these same brain regions. There were no significant associations between structural or functional brain measures and either maternal or paternal care ratings. These findings suggest that an overprotective maternal parenting style during childhood is associated with later functional and structural alterations of brain regions involved in generating and regulating responses to threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Farber
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, United States.
| | - M Justin Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States
| | - Annchen R Knodt
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, United States
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, United States
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31
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Aydın O, Balıkçı K, Taş C, Ünal-Aydın P, Taneli F, Esen-Danacı A. Assessing the relationship between attachment, parental attitude and plasma oxytocin in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:51-57. [PMID: 30636461 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1554698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely acknowledged that schizophrenia patients tend to have insecure attachment styles and improper parenting. However, the biological processes related to these adversities remain unclear and that the disturbance in oxytocin system is considered as one of the strongest predictors of such adversities. METHODS Thirty-four patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected thirty-four healthy siblings were recruited for the study and they were compared with thirty-one healthy controls. We examined attachment styles via Experience in Close Relationship-Revised Test and perceived parental attitudes with the My Memories of Upbringing-Short Version Test. In addition, we evaluated plasma oxytocin levels across groups. RESULTS The patients with schizophrenia had lower plasma oxytocin levels and obtained higher levels for attachment anxiety and avoidance with more parental rejection and over protection. There was a significantly negative relationship between the levels of plasma oxytocin in blood and parental over protection in the healthy sibling and healthy control groups. In contrast, there was a significantly positive relationship between the levels of plasma oxytocin in blood and parental over protection in the schizophrenia group. Results of the regression analyses revealed that the plasma oxytocin levels and over protection were notable factors in discriminating the groups from each other. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that disturbance in oxytocin is associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia predisposition. In sum, therapeutic interventions that address oxytocin and over protection may influence the outcomes in this severe mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orkun Aydın
- a Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences , International University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo , Bosnia-Herzegovina
| | - Kuzeymen Balıkçı
- b Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine , Near East University , Nicosia , Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic
| | - Cumhur Taş
- c Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences , Uskudar University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Pınar Ünal-Aydın
- a Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences , International University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo , Bosnia-Herzegovina
| | - Fatma Taneli
- d Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - Ayşen Esen-Danacı
- e Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
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Xu MK, Morin AJS, Marsh HW, Richards M, Jones PB. Psychometric Validation of the Parental Bonding Instrument in a U.K. Population-Based Sample: Role of Gender and Association With Mental Health in Mid-Late Life. Assessment 2018; 25:716-728. [PMID: 27485970 PMCID: PMC6108043 DOI: 10.1177/1073191116660813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The factorial structure of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) has been frequently studied in diverse samples but no study has examined its psychometric properties from large, population-based samples. In particular, important questions have not been addressed such as the measurement invariance properties across parental and offspring gender. We evaluated the PBI based on responses from a large, representative population-based sample, using an exploratory structural equation modeling method appropriate for categorical data. Analysis revealed a three-factor structure representing "care," "overprotection," and "autonomy" parenting styles. In terms of psychometric measurement validity, our results supported the complete invariance of the PBI ratings across sons and daughters for their mothers and fathers. The PBI ratings were also robust in relation to personality and mental health status. In terms of predictive value, paternal care showed a protective effect on mental health at age 43 in sons. The PBI is a sound instrument for capturing perceived parenting styles, and is predictive of mental health in middle adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man K. Xu
- Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Herbert W. Marsh
- Australian Catholic University, Sydney,
New South Wales, Australia
- King Saud University
| | | | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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de Matos MB, Scholl CC, Trettim JP, Molina ML, Soares MC, Coelho FT, Castelli RD, da Silva RA, Pinheiro KAT, da Cunha Coelho FM, Quevedo LDA, Pinheiro RT. The perception of parental bonding in pregnant adolescents and its association with generalized anxiety disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 54:51-56. [PMID: 30121505 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The parental bonding is influenced by two dimensions: care and control or protection over the child of both parents. The lack of care during childhood may make the individual more susceptible to the onset of psychiatric disorders when adult. These psychiatric disorders when present during pregnancy may have a negative impact on the health of pregnant women and children. The aim of this study was to assess the association between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in pregnant adolescents and the perception of parental bonding. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with 871 pregnant women under the age of 19, receiving prenatal care in 47 Basic Health Units in the one city, Brazil. The generalized anxiety disorder was measured using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the perception of parental bonding in childhood using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). RESULTS The prevalence of GAD was 8.5%. Among all the parental bonding dimensions, only a perceived lack of maternal care under 16 years was associated with GAD. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that only the perception of maternal bonding was associated with later GAD. It suggests that an adequate maternal bond is an essential component of psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bonati de Matos
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil.
| | - Carolina Coelho Scholl
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Jéssica Puchalski Trettim
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Mariane Lopez Molina
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Mariana Carret Soares
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Fernanda Teixeira Coelho
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Rochele Dias Castelli
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Karen Amaral Tavares Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Fábio Monteiro da Cunha Coelho
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Luciana de Avila Quevedo
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) - Gonçalves Chaves, 377 - 411 C - CEP: 96015-560 Pelotas, RS Brazil
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Macdonald JA, Youssef GJ, Phillips L, Spry E, Alway Y, Patton GC, Olsson CA. The parental bonds of adolescent girls and next-generation maternal-infant bonding: findings from the Victorian Intergenerational Health Cohort Study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2018; 21:171-180. [PMID: 28932997 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-017-0778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which adolescent bonding problems with parents predict next-generation maternal-infant bonding problems at 2 and 12 months postpartum. Data were from a two-generation prospective cohort study of 1026 offspring (3 perinatal waves) born to participants of a two-decade (10-wave) study of 1943 adolescents. Dyads in this analysis were 395 mothers (29-36 years) of 606 offspring (305 female). At 16 years, we assessed adolescents' perceptions of their mother's and father's care and control, separately and in combination. Subsequently, when participants were adult mothers of infants 2 and 12 months postpartum, we assessed impaired maternal-infant bonding, infant-directed rejection-anger, and caregiving anxiety. Adolescent-parent bonding problems were strongly predictive of women's subsequent bonding problems with infants. In particular, impaired postpartum maternal bonding was predicted by adolescent reports of low paternal care (12 months: OR=3.1, 95% CI 1.1-8.6) and high maternal control (12 months: OR=3.7, 95% CI 1.4-9.7). In combination, high maternal control and low paternal control also predicted impaired postpartum bonding (2 months: OR=5.0, 95% CI 1.3-20; 12 months: OR=12, 2.6-56), caregiving anxiety (2 months: OR=4, 95% CI 1.5-11; 12 months: OR=8.8, 95% CI 1.8-43), and rejection/anger (12 months: OR=4.1, 95% CI 1.0-16). Further combinations of care and overprotection that significantly predicted postpartum bonding problems are presented. Our results indicate that adolescent girls who experience high maternal control and low paternal care are at higher risk for subsequent maternal-infant bonding problems. The strength of associations suggests that interventions should begin well before pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui A Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia. .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Australia.
| | - George J Youssef
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa Phillips
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Spry
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yvette Alway
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Parkville, Australia
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Khalid A, Qadir F, Chan SWY, Schwannauer M. Parental bonding and adolescents' depressive and anxious symptoms in Pakistan. J Affect Disord 2018; 228:60-67. [PMID: 29232565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A quantitative cross sectional study was carried out to investigate the role of parental bonding in relation to depressive and anxious symptoms among secondary school adolescents in Pakistan. The study also aimed to investigate the construct validity of the parental bonding inventory in the cultural context of Pakistan. METHODS The sample consisted of 1124 adolescents recruited from eight secondary schools in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Urdu translated versions of Parental Bonding Instrument (Qadir et al., 2005) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (Mumford et al., 1991) were administered in classroom settings. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Results from the CFA of the Urdu version of the Parental Bonding Instrument supported a modified version of the three factor model proposed by Kendler (1996) consisting of warmth, protectiveness and authoritarianism. Based on SEM, we found a significant relationship between low parental warmth and depression symptoms among adolescents, whereas maternal protectiveness was a significant predictor for anxiety. Parental authoritarianism was not a significant predictor for depression or anxiety. DISCUSSION Findings of this study indicate that parental bonding is a central construct within a developmental framework in the cultural context of Pakistan, and is important when considering long-term psychosocial functioning of individuals. It should be explored further in clinical populations of Pakistani adolescents to ascertain significance of these constructs for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Khalid
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Farah Qadir
- Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Stella W Y Chan
- Section of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthias Schwannauer
- Head of Clinical & Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Cox RB, Criss MM, Harrist AW, Zapata-Roblyer M. Are Negative Peer Influences Domain Specific? Examining the Influence of Peers and Parents on Externalizing and Drug Use Behaviors. J Prim Prev 2017; 38:515-536. [PMID: 28871361 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-017-0488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most studies tend to characterize peer influences as either positive or negative. In a sample of 1815 youth from 14 different schools in Caracas, Venezuela, we explored how two types of peer affiliations (i.e., deviant and drug-using peers) differentially mediated the paths from positive parenting to youth's externalizing behavior and licit and illicit drug use. We used Zero Inflated Poisson models to test the probability of use and the extent of use during the past 12 months. Results suggested that peer influences are domain specific among Venezuelan youth. That is, deviant peer affiliations mediated the path from positive parenting to youth externalizing behaviors, and peer drug-using affiliations mediated the paths to the drug use outcomes. Mediation effects were partial, suggesting that parenting explained unique variance in the outcomes after accounting for both peer variables, gender, and age. We discuss implications for the development of screening tools and for prevention interventions targeting adolescents from different cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Cox
- Center for Family Resilience, Oklahoma State University-Tulsa, 700 North Greenwood Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74106, USA.
| | - Michael M Criss
- Center for Family Resilience, Oklahoma State University-Tulsa, 700 North Greenwood Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74106, USA
| | - Amanda W Harrist
- Center for Family Resilience, Oklahoma State University-Tulsa, 700 North Greenwood Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74106, USA
| | - Martha Zapata-Roblyer
- Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University-Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Vogt D, Waeldin S, Hellhammer D, Meinlschmidt G. The role of early adversity and recent life stress in depression severity in an outpatient sample. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 83:61-70. [PMID: 27566836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pre-, peri-, and postnatal stress have frequently been reported to be associated with negative health outcomes during adult life. However, it is unclear, if these factors independently predict mental health in adulthood. We estimated potential associations between reports of pre-, peri-, and postnatal stress and depression severity in outpatients (N = 473) diagnosed with depression, anxiety or somatoform disorders by their family physician. We retrospectively assessed pre-, peri-, and postnatal stress and measured depression severity as well as recent life stress using questionnaires. First, we estimated if depression severity was predicted by pre-, peri- and/or postnatal stress using multiple regression models. Second, we compared pre- and postnatal stress levels between patient subgroups of different degrees of depression severity, performing multilevel linear modeling. Third, we analyzed if an association between postnatal stress and current depression severity was mediated by recent life stress. We found no associations of pre-, or perinatal stress with depression severity (all p > 0.05). Higher postnatal stress was associated with higher depression severity (p < 0.001). Patients with moderately severe and severe depression reported higher levels of postnatal stress as compared to patients with none to minimal, or mild depression (all p < 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect via recent life stress of the association between postnatal stress and depression severity (p < 0.001). In patients diagnosed for depression, anxiety, and/or somatoform disorders, postnatal but neither pre- nor perinatal stress predicted depression severity in adult life. This association was mediated by recent life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Vogt
- University of Trier, Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, Trier, Germany
| | - Sandra Waeldin
- University of Trier, Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, Trier, Germany
| | - Dirk Hellhammer
- University of Trier, Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, Trier, Germany; Institute for Stress-Medicine, Max-Planck-Str. 22, 54295 Trier, Germany.
| | - Gunther Meinlschmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland; Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Bochum, Germany
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Demakakos P, Pillas D, Marmot M, Steptoe A. Parenting style in childhood and mortality risk at older ages: a longitudinal cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 209:135-41. [PMID: 26941265 PMCID: PMC5951632 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.163543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting style is associated with offspring health, but whether it is associated with offspring mortality at older ages remains unknown. AIMS We examined whether childhood experiences of suboptimal parenting style are associated with increased risk of death at older ages. METHOD Longitudinal cohort study of 1964 community-dwelling adults aged 65-79 years. RESULTS The association between parenting style and mortality was inverse and graded. Participants in the poorest parenting style score quartile had increased risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.72, 95% CI 1.20-2.48) compared with those in the optimal parenting style score quartile after adjustment for age and gender. Full adjustment for covariates partially explained this association (HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.02-2.18). Parenting style was inversely associated with cancer and other mortality, but not cardiovascular mortality. Maternal and paternal parenting styles were individually associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Experiences of suboptimal parenting in childhood are associated with increased risk of death at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayotes Demakakos
- Panayotes Demakakos, PhD, Demetris Pillas, PhD, Michael Marmot, FRCP, Andrew Steptoe, DSc, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Johnstone JM, Carter JD, Luty SE, Mulder RT, Frampton CM, Joyce PR. Childhood predictors of lifetime suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury in depressed adults. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2016; 50:135-44. [PMID: 25999526 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415585581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences are well-recognized risk factors for a variety of mental health issues, including depression, suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury. However, less is known about whether childhood adversity, in the form of low parental care, overprotection and abuse, is associated with suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury within a sample of depressed adults. METHOD The sample of outpatients (n = 372) was drawn from two randomized depression trials. Childhood adversity variables, depression severity, age of first depressive episode (major depression episode onset), lifetime suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury were recorded at baseline. The association between variables and outcome measures was examined using partial correlations, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS Low maternal care was significantly associated with suicide attempt; low paternal care was associated with non-suicidal self-injury; overprotection was not associated with either outcome. Other risk factors for suicide attempt were major depression episode onset and baseline depression severity. Major depression episode onset was also a risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury. Abuse, regardless of how it was measured, was not significantly associated with either behaviour after adjusting for its correlations with low maternal or paternal care. CONCLUSION In this sample of depressed adults, the quality of ongoing, intra-familial relationships, as measured by levels of parental care, had a greater impact on suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury than abuse. As the findings were not a priori hypotheses, they require replication. Although the cross-sectional study design limits causal determination, the findings suggest different childhood risk factors for suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury and underscore the impact of low parental care on these two behaviours. These findings signal to clinicians the importance of asking specifically about suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury, as well as levels of parental care in childhood. When endorsed, low parental care may be considered an important factor in contextualizing a patient's depression and potential risk for suicide and non-suicidal self-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Johnstone
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Janet D Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne E Luty
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roger T Mulder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christopher M Frampton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Joyce
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Lyons MT, Brewer G, Bethell EJ. Sex-Specific Effect of Recalled Parenting on Affective and Cognitive Empathy in Adulthood. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 36:236-241. [PMID: 28725136 PMCID: PMC5486513 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-015-9405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated the influence of parenting on the development of children's empathy. However, few studies have considered the impact of parents on empathy in adulthood, specific components of empathy, or the importance of parent and child biological sex. In the present study, 226 participants (71 men) completed online versions of the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker et al. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1-10 1979), Empathy Quotient (Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 163-175 2004), and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85 1980). Paternal care and overprotection influenced affective empathy in men, whilst maternal overprotection predicted affective empathy in women. Further, maternal care related to cognitive empathy in men, whilst none of the parental care variables related to cognitive empathy in women. Findings are discussed in relation to sex differences in childhood parenting experiences on adult cognitive and affective empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna T. Lyons
- School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA UK
| | - Gayle Brewer
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England
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Maternal bonding styles in smokers and non-smokers: a comparative study. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2016; 15:32. [PMID: 27857776 PMCID: PMC5106765 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-016-0118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental bonding has been implicated in smoking behavior, and the quality of maternal bonding (MB) has been associated with poor mental health and substance use. However, little is known about the association of MB and the smoking of the offspring. METHODS In our study, 129 smokers and 610 non-smoker medical students completed the parental bonding instrument, which measures MB along two dimensions: care and overprotection. Four categories can be created by high and low scores on care and overprotection: optimal parenting (OP; high care/low overprotection); affectionless control (ALC; low care/high overprotection); affectionate constraint (AC; high care/high overprotection), and neglectful parenting (NP; low care/low overprotection). Nicotine dependence was assessed by the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test, exhaled CO level, and daily cigarette consumption (CPD). RESULTS Higher CPD was significantly associated with lower overprotection (p = 0.016) and higher care (p = 0.023) scores. The odds for being a smoker were significantly higher in the neglectful maternal bonding style compared to the other rearing styles (p = 0.022). Besides, smokers showed significantly higher care and lower overprotection scores with the Mann-Whitney U-test than non-smokers, although these associations did not remain significant in multiple regression models. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that focusing on early life relationship between patient and mother can be important in psychotherapeutic interventions for smoking. Registration trials retrospectively registered.
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Lo Iacono L, Visco-Comandini F, Valzania A, Viscomi MT, Coviello M, Giampà A, Roscini L, Bisicchia E, Siracusano A, Troisi A, Puglisi-Allegra S, Carola V. Adversity in childhood and depression: linked through SIRT1. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e629. [PMID: 26327687 PMCID: PMC5068813 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing an adverse childhood and parental neglect is a risk factor for depression in the adult population. Patients with a history of traumatic childhood develop a subtype of depression that is characterized by earlier onset, poor treatment response and more severe symptoms. The long-lasting molecular mechanisms that are engaged during early traumatic events and determine the risk for depression are poorly understood. In this study, we altered adult depression-like behavior in mice by applying juvenile isolation stress. We found that this behavioral phenotype was associated with a reduction in the levels of the deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in the brain and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Notably, peripheral blood mRNA expression of SIRT1 predicted the extent of behavioral despair only when depression-like behavior was induced by juvenile--but not adult--stress, implicating SIRT1 in the regulation of adult behavior at early ages. Consistent with this hypothesis, pharmacological modulation of SIRT1 during juvenile age altered the depression-like behavior in naive mice. We also performed a pilot study in humans, in which the blood levels of SIRT1 correlated significantly with the severity of symptoms in major depression patients, especially in those who received less parental care during childhood. On the basis of these novel findings, we propose the involvement of SIRT1 in the long-term consequences of adverse childhood experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lo Iacono
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Visco-Comandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - A Valzania
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M T Viscomi
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Coviello
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Giampà
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - L Roscini
- Department of Psychology and ‘Daniel Bovet' Center, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - E Bisicchia
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Siracusano
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Troisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S Puglisi-Allegra
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychology and ‘Daniel Bovet' Center, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - V Carola
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy,Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Fosso del Fiorano 63, Rome 00143, Italy. E-mail:
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Stevens EN, Bardeen JR, Murdock KW. Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N. Stevens
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | | | - Kyle W. Murdock
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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Csala I, Egervari L, Dome P, Faludi G, Dome B, Lazary J. The possible role of maternal bonding style and CHRNB2 gene polymorphisms in nicotine dependence and related depressive phenotype. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 59:84-90. [PMID: 25640319 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChR) and especially α4β2 nAChRs are the major targets for cessation medications and also for some promising antidepressant agents. Furthermore, depressive symptoms pose multifacet difficulties during cessation therapy. However, gene encoding for the β2 subunit of nAChRs has been poorly investigated in association with depression. Since both nicotine dependence (ND) and depressive phenotype are complex disorders, we investigated the effects of a significant early life experience, maternal bonding style (MB) and CHRNB2 gene SNPs on smoking-related depression. METHODS We recruited two hundred and thirty-two treatment-seeking smokers in our study. Phenotypic variants were evaluated using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Besides the total score (TS) of ZSDS, impulsivity (ZSDS-I) and suicidal ideation (ZSDS-S) were distinguished as phenotypic variable. DNAs were extracted from buccal mucosa samples and one SNP in promoter and two SNPs in 3' UTR of CHRNB2 gene were genotyped. GLM and ANOVA tests were performed for genotype associations and interaction analyses. RESULTS Maternal bonding had a significant impact on depressive phenotypes. Low care, high protection and affectionless control (ALC) were associated with ZSDS-TS and all subphenotypes of ZSDS. One SNP, the rs2072660 in 3' UTR, had a significant effect on the FTND score (p=0.010). Direct association of CHRNB2 variants and depressive phenotypes were not significant. However, in interaction with ALC, rs2072660 was significantly associated with ZSDS-S (p=0.005). MB had no significant effect on smoking-related phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the important role of 3' UTR in the CHRNB2 gene in the shared molecular background of ND and depressive phenotype. Parental bonding style can be suggested as a significant environmental factor in further GxE studies of depression. The presented significant GxE interaction on smoking-related suicidal subphenotype may help establish further investigations on development of more effective and safer smoking cessation and antidepressant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iren Csala
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Egervari
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Dome
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Psychiatry and Addiction, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Faludi
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Lazary
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Abstract
The new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-V) includes pathological gambling disorder (PGD) in the subgroup of "Addiction and Related Disorders" due to the similarities between PGD and substance-based addictions in neurobiological, psychological, and social risk factors. Family factors as parental rearing attitudes play a crucial role in the development of substance use disorders and PGD. The aim of the present study was to assess the parental bonding during childhood perceived for adults with PGD compared with healthy controls. Twenty males with PGD and 20 control subjects answered the parental bonding instrument, which measures subjects' recollections of parenting on dimensions of care and protection. Subjects with PGD showed significantly lower maternal and paternal care (p = 0.016 and p = 0.031, respectively) than controls, and higher paternal protection (p = 0.003). The most common parental pattern for PGD subjects was the affectionless control (50% for the father and 60% for the mother). Preliminary results suggest that, as previously reported for substance use disorders, an affectionless control parenting style is associated with PGD.
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Unternaehrer E, Meyer AH, Burkhardt SCA, Dempster E, Staehli S, Theill N, Lieb R, Meinlschmidt G. Childhood maternal care is associated with DNA methylation of the genes for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in peripheral blood cells in adult men and women. Stress 2015; 18:451-61. [PMID: 26061800 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2015.1038992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In adults, reporting low and high maternal care in childhood, we compared DNA methylation in two stress-associated genes (two target sequences in the oxytocin receptor gene, OXTR; one in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene, BDNF) in peripheral whole blood, in a cross-sectional study (University of Basel, Switzerland) during 2007-2008. We recruited 89 participants scoring < 27 (n = 47, 36 women) or > 33 (n = 42, 35 women) on the maternal care subscale of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) at a previous assessment of a larger group (N = 709, range PBI maternal care = 0-36, age range = 19-66 years; median 24 years). 85 participants gave blood for DNA methylation analyses (Sequenom(R) EpiTYPER, San Diego, CA) and cell count (Sysmex PocH-100i™, Kobe, Japan). Mixed model statistical analysis showed greater DNA methylation in the low versus high maternal care group, in the BDNF target sequence [Likelihood-Ratio (1) = 4.47; p = 0.035] and in one OXTR target sequence Likelihood-Ratio (1) = 4.33; p = 0.037], but not the second OXTR target sequence [Likelihood-Ratio (1) < 0.001; p = 0.995). Mediation analyses indicated that differential blood cell count did not explain associations between low maternal care and BDNF (estimate = -0.005, 95% CI = -0.025 to 0.015; p = 0.626) or OXTR DNA methylation (estimate = -0.015, 95% CI = -0.038 to 0.008; p = 0.192). Hence, low maternal care in childhood was associated with greater DNA methylation in an OXTR and a BDNF target sequence in blood cells in adulthood. Although the study has limitations (cross-sectional, a wide age range, only three target sequences in two genes studied, small effects, uncertain relevance of changes in blood cells to gene methylation in brain), the findings may indicate components of the epiphenotype from early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Unternaehrer
- a Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
- b National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR), Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), University of Basel , Switzerland
- c Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University , Montréal , Canada
| | - Andrea Hans Meyer
- a Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Susan C A Burkhardt
- b National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR), Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), University of Basel , Switzerland
- d Department of Research & Development , University of Applied Sciences in Special Needs Education , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Emma Dempster
- e University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University , Exeter , UK
| | - Simon Staehli
- a Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
- f Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier , Trier , Germany
| | - Nathan Theill
- g Division of Psychiatry Research , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland , and
| | - Roselind Lieb
- a Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
- b National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR), Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), University of Basel , Switzerland
| | - Gunther Meinlschmidt
- a Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
- b National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR), Swiss Etiological Study of Adjustment and Mental Health (sesam), University of Basel , Switzerland
- h Faculty of Medicine , Ruhr-University Bochum , Germany
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Ensink K, Berthelot N, Bernazzani O, Normandin L, Fonagy P. Another step closer to measuring the ghosts in the nursery: preliminary validation of the Trauma Reflective Functioning Scale. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1471. [PMID: 25566146 PMCID: PMC4269108 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine preliminary evidence of the validity of the Trauma Reflective Functioning Scale and to investigate reflective functioning (RF) and attachment in pregnant women with histories of trauma, with a particular focus on the capacity to mentalize regarding trauma and its implications for adaptation to pregnancy and couple functioning. The Adult Attachment Interview was used to assess attachment, unresolved trauma and mentalization (measured as RF) regarding relationships with attachment figures (RF-G) and trauma (RF-T) in 100 pregnant women with histories of abuse and neglect. The majority (63%) of women had insecure attachment states of mind and approximately half were unresolved regarding trauma. Furthermore, the majority of women manifested deficits specific to RF-T. Their RF-T was significantly lower than their RF-G; the findings indicate that women with histories of childhood abuse and neglect do not manifest a generic inhibition of reflectiveness, but a collapse of mentalization specific to trauma. Low RF-T, indicative of difficulty in considering traumatic experiences in mental state terms, was associated with difficulty in investment in the pregnancy and lack of positive feelings about the baby and motherhood. In addition, low RF-T was also associated with difficulties in intimate relationships. Results of a regression analysis with RF indicated that RF-T was the best predictor of investment in pregnancy and couple functioning. In sum, the study provides preliminary evidence that RF-T can be reliably measured and is a valid construct that has potential usefulness for research and clinical practice. It highlights the importance of mentalization specifically about trauma and suggests that it is not the experience of trauma per se, but the absence of mentalization regarding trauma that is associated with difficulties in close relationships and in making the transition to parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London London, UK ; Anna Freud Centre London, UK
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Weissman MM, Wickramaratne P, Pilowsky DJ, Poh E, Hernandez M, Batten LA, Flament MF, Stewart JW, Blier P. The effects on children of depressed mothers' remission and relapse over 9 months. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2811-2824. [PMID: 25065614 PMCID: PMC4174338 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171400021x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high rate of depression among children of depressed mothers is well known. Suggestions that improvement in maternal acute depression has a positive effect on the child have emerged. However, data on the mechanisms of change have been sparse. The aim was to understand how remission and relapse in the mother might explain the changes in the child's outcome. METHOD Participants were 76 depressed mothers who entered into a medication clinical trial for depression and 135 of their eligible offspring ages 7-17 years. The mothers and children were assessed at baseline and periodically over 9 months by independent teams to understand the relationship between changes in children's symptoms and functioning and maternal remission or relapse. The main outcome measures were, for mothers, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and, for children, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Columbia Impairment Scale (CIS), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) and the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS). RESULTS Maternal remission was associated with a decrease in the child's depressive symptoms. The mother's subsequent relapse was associated with an increase in the child's symptoms over 9 months. The effect of maternal remission on the child's improvement was partially explained by an improvement in the mother's parenting, particularly the change in the mother's ability to listen and talk to her child, but also reflected in her improvement in parental bonding. These findings could not be explained by the child's treatment. CONCLUSIONS A depressed mother's remission is associated with her improvement in parenting and a decrease in her child's symptoms. Her relapse is associated with an increase in her child's symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Weissman
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P. Wickramaratne
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - D. J. Pilowsky
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E. Poh
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Hernandez
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. A. Batten
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M. F. Flament
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J. W. Stewart
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P. Blier
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Ira E, De Santi K, Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Zanatta G, Cristofalo D, Bertani M, Bissoli SS, Riolo R, Gardellin F, Morandin I, Ramon L, Tansella M, Ruggeri M, Tosato S. Positive symptoms in first-episode psychosis patients experiencing low maternal care and stressful life events: a pilot study to explore the role of the COMT gene. Stress 2014; 17:410-5. [PMID: 25068285 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2014.948841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
COMT Val(158)Met moderates the effect of stress on psychotic symptoms. Exposure to stress is also associated with mesolimbic dopamine release in individuals experiencing low maternal care. We therefore test the hypothesis that recent stressful life events are associated with more severe positive symptoms (associated with mesolimbic dopamine release) in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients who experienced low maternal care during childhood. We hypothesized that COMT Val(158)Met moderates this association. A total of 149 FEP patients recruited within the Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study (PICOS) participated in the present study. Maternal care was assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), stressful life events were collected by the List of Events Scale and positive symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). We found that low maternal care and recent stressful life events were associated with higher level of positive symptoms at the onset (analysis of variance [ANOVA], p = 0.012), and that patients who were also homozygotes for the COMT Val(158) allele had the highest level of positive symptoms (ANOVA, p = 0.024). Low maternal care and severe stressful life events may contribute to a symptomatology characterized by more severe positive symptoms at the onset, possibly due to an increased mesolimbic dopamine release. Homozygosity for the COMT Val(158) allele seems to confer a biological predisposition to the stress-related hyperactivity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. The data imply that the mesolimbic dopaminergic system is involved in the mediation/modulation of the effect of stressful events on the vulnerability for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ira
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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Coelho FMDC, Pinheiro RT, Silva RA, de Ávila Quevedo L, de Mattos Souza LD, de Matos MB, Castelli RD, Pinheiro KAT. Parental bonding and suicidality in pregnant teenagers: a population-based study in southern Brazil. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014; 49:1241-8. [PMID: 24562317 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the associations of the perceived quality of parental bonding with suicidality in a sample of pregnant adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 828 pregnant teenagers receiving prenatal medical assistance in the national public health system in the urban area of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Suicidality and psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) was employed to measure the perceived quality of parental bonding. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, obstetric and other psychosocial data. RESULTS Forty-three (4.94 %) teenagers from a consecutive sample of 871 refused to participate, resulting in 828 participants. Prevalence of suicidality was 13.3 %, lifetime suicide attempts were 7.4 % with 1.3 % reporting attempting suicide within the last month. Significant associations of suicidality with the 18-19-year-old subgroup, low education, prior abortion, physical abuse within the last 12 months were present, and most psychiatric disorders were associated with a higher suicidality prevalence. Additionally, after adjustment in the multivariate analysis, the style of parental bonding was independently associated with suicidality in the pregnant adolescent, with a PR of 2.53 (95 % CI 1.14-5.59) for the maternal 'affectionless control' and a PR of 2.91 (95 % CI 1.10-7.70) for the paternal 'neglectful parenting.' CONCLUSIONS We found that maternal 'affectionless control' and paternal 'neglectful parenting' were independent predictors of suicidality in this sample of pregnant teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Monteiro da Cunha Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde and Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373 sala 411C, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96015-560, Brazil,
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