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Wang Z, Wang F, Jiang B, Xue H, Zhao M, Wang D. Combined effects of physical activity and life events on depression and PTSD in Chinese students aged 16-24 years. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1449391. [PMID: 39281083 PMCID: PMC11392902 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1449391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Life events are important risk factors for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Physical activity is a beneficial behavior to physiological and psychological health. While it has not been reported at present the combined effect of physical activity and life events on individual depression and PTSD, and whether it can alleviate the psychological risks induced by life events. Objective To comprehensively investigate the current status of life events experiences in Chinese students aged 16-24 years and analyze the combined effects of physical activity and life events on their depression and PTSD. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted on physical activity levels, life events experiences, depression and PTSD of 1,552 Chinese students aged 16-24 using short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-S), adolescent self-rating life events checklist (ASLEC), PTSD Check List-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale. Then, logistic regression equation and stratified analysis were used to explore the combined effects of physical activity and life events on depression and PTSD. Results Regression analysis showed that, except for female, <8 h of sleep, smoking, single parent/reorganized families and poor family economic status, experiencing medium-intensity and high-intensity life events were both risk factors for depression. Compared with those who experienced low-intensity life events, those who experienced medium- and high-intensity life events had a 27 and 131% increased risk of depression, respectively. In contrast, medium- and high-level physical activity could reduce the risk of depression by 49 and 53%, respectively. Similar results were obtained with PTSD as a dependent variable. Combined correlation analysis showed that, compared with those with high-level physical activity and low-intensity life events, those with low-level physical activity and high-intensity life events had a 209 and 121% increased risk of depression and PTSD, respectively. Stratified analysis showed that the threshold for life events induced depression and PTSD rose with the increase in the level of physical activity. Conclusion Lack of physical activity and experience of high-intensity life events are independent risk factors for depression and PTSD, and strengthening physical activity can compensate for the harm of depression and PTSD caused by life events to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Haihong Xue
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
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Bai Y, Shu C, Hou Y, Wang GH. Adverse childhood experience and depression: the role of gut microbiota. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1309022. [PMID: 38628262 PMCID: PMC11019508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1309022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder that burdens modern society heavily. Numerous studies have shown that adverse childhood experiences can increase susceptibility to depression, and depression with adverse childhood experiences has specific clinical-biological features. However, the specific neurobiological mechanisms are not yet precise. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota can influence brain function and behavior associated with depression through the "microbe-gut-brain axis" and that the composition and function of the gut microbiota are influenced by early stress. These studies offer a possibility that gut microbiota mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depression. However, few studies directly link adverse childhood experiences, gut microbiota, and depression. This article reviews recent studies on the relationship among adverse childhood experiences, gut microbiota, and depression, intending to provide insights for new research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, Beijing, China
| | - Gao-Hua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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Dissecting early life stress-induced adolescent depression through epigenomic approach. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:141-153. [PMID: 36517640 PMCID: PMC9812796 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS), such as abuse and neglect during childhood, can lead to psychiatric disorders in later life. Previous studies have suggested that ELS can cause profound changes in gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, which can lead to psychiatric disorders in adulthood; however, studies on epigenetic modifications associated with ELS and psychiatric disorders in adolescents are limited. Moreover, how these epigenetic modifications can lead to psychiatric disorders in adolescents is not fully understood. Commonly, DNA methylation, histone modification, and the regulation of noncoding RNAs have been attributed to the reprogramming of epigenetic profiling associated with ELS. Although only a few studies have attempted to examine epigenetic modifications in adolescents with ELS, existing evidence suggests that there are commonalities and differences in epigenetic profiling between adolescents and adults. In addition, epigenetic modifications are sex-dependent and are influenced by the type of ELS. In this review, we have critically evaluated the current evidence on epigenetic modifications in adolescents with ELS, particularly DNA methylation and the expression of microRNAs in both preclinical models and humans. We have also clarified the impact of ELS on psychiatric disorders in adolescents to predict the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and to prevent and recover these disorders through personalized medicine.
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Di Benedetto MG, Scassellati C, Cattane N, Riva MA, Cattaneo A. Neurotrophic factors, childhood trauma and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of genetic, biochemical, cognitive and imaging studies to identify potential biomarkers. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:76-88. [PMID: 35378148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traumatic experience represents one of the key environmental factors influencing the risk for several psychiatric disorders, in particular when suffered during childhood, a critical period for brain development, characterized by a high level of neuroplasticity. Abnormalities affecting neurotrophic factors might play a fundamental role in the link between childhood trauma (CT) and early life stress (ELS) and psychiatric disorders. METHODS A systematic review was conducted, considering genetic, biochemical and expression studies along with cognitive and brain structure imaging investigations, based on PubMed and Web of Science databases (available up until November 2021), to identify potential neuroplasticity related biomarkers associated both with CT/ELS and psychiatric disorders. The search was followed by data abstraction and study quality assessment (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). RESULTS 103 studies met our eligibility criteria. Among them, 65 were available for genetic, 30 for biochemical and 3 for mRNA data; 45 findings were linked to specific symptomatology/pathologies, 16 with various cognitive functions, 19 with different brain areas, 6 on methylation and 36 performed on control subjects for the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF); whereas 4 expression/biochemical studies covered Neurotrophin 4 (NT-4), Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor (VEGF), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), and Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1). LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity of assessments (biological, psychological, of symptomatology, and CT/ELS), age range and ethnicity of samples for BDNF studies; limited studies for other neurotrophins. CONCLUSIONS Results support the key role of BDNF (in form of Met allele) as biomarker, both at genetic and biochemical level, in mediating the effect of CT/ELS in psychiatric disorders, passing through specific cognitive functions and specific brain region architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Di Benedetto
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Catia Scassellati
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
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Wang Z, Jiang B, Wang X, Niu Y, Xue H. Cross-sectional investigation and correlation analysis of psychology of college students returning to campus after COVID-19 lockdown lift. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:915042. [PMID: 35935405 PMCID: PMC9352858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a large cross-sectional survey of the mental health of college students during the recovery period of the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and COVID-19 questionnaire were used to investigate the overall mental health level and cognition of epidemic situation of college students in seven colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province. RESULTS (1) In the recovery period of COVID-19 epidemic, college students still had psychological and somatic symptoms such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, and poor appetite or insomnia; (2) female college students, science and engineering college students, freshmen and senior graduates, and some ethnic minority college students were all groups with psychological symptoms; (3) the psychological status of college students was related to their perception of COVID-19 epidemic, and the more knowledge about epidemic prevention and control, the more confident they were in overcoming the epidemic, and the milder the psychological symptoms. CONCLUSION College students still have some mental health problems in the recovery period of COVID-19 epidemic, which should be paid attention to by education authorities and colleges and universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingtong Wang
- Department of General Education, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tai'an, China
| | - Yi Niu
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haihong Xue
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
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Lipsky RK, McDonald CC, Souders MC, Carpio CC, Teitelman AM. Adverse childhood experiences, the serotonergic system, and depressive and anxiety disorders in adulthood: A systematic literature review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 134:104495. [PMID: 34919986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have examined the role that the serotonergic system plays in moderating the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depressive and anxiety disorders in adulthood. The aim of this literature review is to synthesize studies that examined serotonin's impact in relation to ACEs, and depressive and anxiety disorders in this population. METHODS Published studies from 2008 to 2018 were retrieved from PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychINFO databases, and were included if ACEs, the serotonergic system, and depressive and or anxiety disorders were assessed in those with a mean age between nineteen and forty. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were included. Various genetic polymorphisms in the serotonergic signaling system moderated the association between ACEs and depression. Additionally, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with a high affinity for the serotonin transporter, resulted in poor treatment outcomes for those with history of ACEs. CONCLUSION Additional research is needed in order to further define the role that the serotonergic genes play in the association between ACEs and depressive and anxiety disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Lipsky
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Family and Community Health, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; National Clinician Scholars Program, Duke University, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27705, United States.
| | - C C McDonald
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Family and Community Health, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - M C Souders
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Family and Community Health, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - C C Carpio
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Family and Community Health, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; National Clinician Scholars Program, Duke University, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27705, United States
| | - A M Teitelman
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Family and Community Health, 418 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
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Wang Z, Wang D. The influence and enlightenment of five public health emergencies on public psychology since new century: A systematic review. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:878-891. [PMID: 33722089 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211002222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the 21st century, humans have experienced five public health emergencies: the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), type A H1N1 influenza (H1N1), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Ebola virus disease (EVD), and the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). They caused a large number of casualties and a wider psychological crisis, which might cause severe consequences such as post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide. AIMS To reveal the law of formation of public psychological crisis in public health emergencies, and draw lessons from it. To provide ideas for effectively deal with these psychological crisis problems and fundamentally curbing the occurrence of public health emergencies. METHOD Through the method of literature research, 'public health incidents', 'psychological crisis', 'mental health', 'psychological intervention', 'SARS', 'H1N1', 'MERS', 'EVD', and 'COVID-19' were used to search literatures in the databases such as PubMed, Springer, and Sciencedirect, and the literatures were summarized, sorted, and studied. RESULTS (1) The public health emergencies caused a universal psychological crisis. The main manifestations were depression, compulsion, despair, etc. The people involved mainly include patients, suspected isolated patients, medical staff, and the general public in the epidemic situation. (2) People's psychological state often experienced stress stage, shock stage, acceptance, and reorganization. Only some susceptible individuals couldn't complete effective psychological reconstruction, resulting in serious psychological disorders. Individual susceptibility is related to genetic factors, adversity, and traumatic stimuli experienced in early life. CONCLUSION To reduce these psychological crisis problems, we should establish and improve the psychological crisis intervention or rescue system of public health emergencies, it was still necessary to live in harmony with nature, get rid of the inappropriate habit of preying on wild animals, in order to prevent the cross-species transmission of the virus between wild animals and humans, and to fundamentally avoid the occurrence of major infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tai'an, China
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8
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Pellicano GR, Carola V, Bussone S, Cecchini M, Tambelli R, Lai C. Beyond the dyad: the role of mother and father in newborns' global DNA methylation during the first month of life-a pilot study. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:1345-1357. [PMID: 33350469 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to longitudinally explore the effects of parental prenatal attachment and psychopathological symptomatology on neonatal global DNA methylation (5-mC) variation between birth and the first month of life. Eighteen mothers and thirteen fathers were assessed before childbirth (t0) by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Prenatal-Attachment Inventory, and Paternal Antenatal Attachment Scale; 48 hr after childbirth (t1) by SCL-90-R; and one month after childbirth (t2) by PSS. At t1 and t2, buccal swabs from parents and newborns were collected. In newborns' 5-mC and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DAT, MAOA, BDNF, and 5-HTTLPR genes were detected, while in parents only SNPs were measured. At t1, newborns' 5-mC was negatively associated with maternal psychopathological symptoms, while at t2, newborns' 5-mC was positively associated with paternal psychopathological symptoms and negatively with paternal prenatal attachment. The variation of newborns' 5-mC from t1 to t2 was predicted by paternal psychopathological symptoms. No significant correlations among parental SNPs and 5-mC levels were found. Results highlight parent-specific influences on newborn's DNA methylation. At birth, maternal psychological symptoms seem to have an effect on newborns' 5-mC, while after one month of life, paternal psychological characteristics could have a specific role in modulating the newborns' epigenetic responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Romana Pellicano
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Carola
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bussone
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Zheng S, Masuda T, Matsunaga M, Noguchi Y, Ohtsubo Y, Yamasue H, Ishii K. Oxytocin Receptor Gene (OXTR) and Childhood Adversity Influence Trust. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104840. [PMID: 32866773 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early-life environments have been associated with various social behaviors, including trust, in late adolescence and adulthood. Given that the oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism (OXTR rs53576) moderates the impact of childhood experience on social behaviors, in the present study, we examined the main effect of childhood adversity through a self-report measure and its interactions with OXTR rs53576 on general trust among 203 Japanese and 200 European Canadian undergraduate students. After controlling for the effect of culture, the results indicated that childhood adversity had a negative association with general trust, and that OXTR rs53576 moderated the impact of childhood adversity on general trust. Specifically, the negative association between childhood adversity and general trust is only significant among homozygote A-allele carriers. These findings demonstrated that OXTR rs53576 moderated the relations between childhood experiences and social functioning in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Zheng
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Matsunaga
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasuki Noguchi
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities, Kobe University, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Ohtsubo
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities, Kobe University, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Japan.
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Li M, Liu S, D'Arcy C, Gao T, Meng X. Interactions of childhood maltreatment and genetic variations in adult depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:119-136. [PMID: 32697690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) significantly increases the risk of adulthood psychopathology. Interplay between susceptible genetic variations and CM contributes to the occurrence of depression. This review aims to systematically synthesize the relationships between genetic variations and depression among those exposed to CM. Methods Electronic databases and gray literature to March 31st, 2020 were searched for literature on the topic of depression and CM limited to English-language. Data extraction and quality assessment of key study characteristics were conducted. Qualitative approaches were used to synthesize the findings. Results The initial search resulted in 9185 articles. A total of 29 articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review. High heterogeneity was identified regarding the study sample ages, candidate genes and SNPs, the categorization of CM and depression. The findings of this review include several frequently studied genes (5-HTTLPR, CRHR1, BDNF, CREB1, FKBP5, IL1B, NTRK2, and OXTR). Both consistent and inconsistent findings were identified. Overall, the interplay of CM with CREB1-rs2253206 significantly increased the risk of depression. In contrast, CRHR1-TCA haplotype (rs7209436, rs4792887, rs110402), CRHR1-rs17689882, and CRHR1-rs110402 showed protective effects on depression and depressive symptoms among individuals with a history of maltreatment. Limitations Due to clinical and methodological diversity of the studies a qualitative approach was used. Conclusion This review firstly provides a comprehensive overview of the interplay between CM and genetic variations in adult depression. Future etiological explorations should focus on the above-identified genes for down-stream exploration and address the issues and challenges of gene by environment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sibei Liu
- Mitacs Globalink Internship, Canada; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Tingting Gao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Johnson SL, Zisser MR, Sandel DB, Swerdlow BA, Carver CS, Sanchez AH, Fernandez E. Development of a brief online intervention to address aggression in the context of emotion-related impulsivity: Evidence from a wait-list controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2020; 134:103708. [PMID: 32896743 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Trait-like tendencies to respond impulsively to emotion, labelled emotion-related impulsivity, are robustly related to aggression. We developed and tested an online intervention to address emotion-related impulsivity and aggression. The 6-session intervention focused on behavioral techniques shown to decrease arousal and aggression, supplemented with implementation intentions and smartphone prompts to facilitate skills transfer into daily life. First, we piloted the intervention in-person with 4 people. Then, 235 participants were randomly assigned to take the online intervention immediately or after a wait-list period; those in the waitlist were then invited to take part in the intervention. Participants completed the self-rated Feelings Trigger Action Scale to assess emotion-related impulsivity, the interview-based Modified Overt Aggression Scale and the self-rated Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Participants who took part in the treatment completed daily anger logs. Attrition, as with other online programs, was high; however, treatment completers reported high satisfaction, and outcomes changed more rapidly during treatment than waitlist across all key outcome indices. In analyses including all participants who took part in the treatment (immediate or delayed), we observed moderate-to-large treatment gains, which were maintained as of the 3-month follow-up assessment. This work supports the usefulness of an intervention for addressing emotion-related impulsivity and aggression.
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12
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Torres-Berrío A, Issler O, Parise EM, Nestler EJ. Unraveling the epigenetic landscape of depression: focus on early life stress
. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 21:341-357. [PMID: 31949402 PMCID: PMC6952747 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2019.21.4/enestler] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a devastating psychiatric disorder caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and life events, mainly exposure to stress. Early life stress (ELS) in particular is known to "scar" the brain, leading to an increased susceptibility to developing depression later in life via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic processes lead to changes in gene expression that are not due to changes in DNA sequence, but achieved via modulation of chromatin modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs. Here we review common epigenetic mechanisms including the enzymes that take part in reading, writing, and erasing specific epigenetic marks. We then describe recent developments in understanding how ELS leads to changes in the epigenome that are manifested in increased susceptibility to depression-like abnormalities in animal models. We conclude with highlighting the need for future studies that will potentially enable the utilisation of the understanding of epigenetic changes linked to ELS for the development of much-needed novel therapeutic strategies and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Torres-Berrío
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
| | - Orna Issler
- Author affiliations: Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
| | - Eric M Parise
- Author affiliations: Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Author affiliations: Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
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13
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McQuaid RJ, Gabrys RL, McInnis OA, Anisman H, Matheson K. Understanding the Relation Between Early-Life Adversity and Depression Symptoms: The Moderating Role of Sex and an Interleukin-1β Gene Variant. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:151. [PMID: 30967802 PMCID: PMC6438954 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are thought to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of depression within a subset of individuals. However, the involvement of IL-1β has not been as consistently linked to depression, possibly owing to difficulties in detecting this cytokine in blood samples or that changes in circulating levels might only be apparent in a subgroup of patients who have experienced early-life adversity. From this perspective, the association between early-life adversity and depressive illness might depend on genetic variants regulating IL-1β activity. Considering the inflammatory-depression link, and that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared to men, the current study (N = 475 university students) examined the moderating role of three independent cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; IL-1β rs16944, IL-6 rs1800795 SNP, TNF-α rs1800629) in the relationship between early-life adversity and depressive symptoms, and whether these relations differed between males and females. The relation between childhood adversity and depressive symptoms was moderated by the IL-1β SNP, and further varied according to sex. Specifically, among females, higher childhood maltreatment was accompanied by elevated depressive symptoms irrespective of the IL-1β SNP, but among males, this relationship was particularly pronounced for those carrying the GG genotype of the IL-1β SNP. These findings suggest that, in the context of early life adversity, genetic variations of IL-1β functioning are related to depressive symptomatology and this may vary among males and females. The present study also, more broadly, highlights the importance of considering the confluence of experiential factors (e.g., early life adversity) and personal characteristics (e.g., sex and genetics) in understanding depressive disorders, an approach increasingly recognized in developing personalized treatment approaches to this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. McQuaid
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert L. Gabrys
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Opal A. McInnis
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberly Matheson
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zhao T, Markevych I, Standl M, Schulte-Körne G, Schikowski T, Berdel D, Koletzko S, Bauer CP, von Berg A, Nowak D, Heinrich J. Ambient ozone exposure and depressive symptoms in adolescents: Results of the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:73-81. [PMID: 30557694 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has been associated with air pollution, as reported by animal and epidemiological studies. However, the relationship between ozone exposure and depression, especially among adolescents, is scarcely investigated. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to analyze associations between ozone exposure and depressive symptoms among German adolescents. METHODS The analyses were based on 2827 adolescents aged 15 from Munich and Wesel areas of the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts. The depressive symptoms were assessed by the Depression Screener for Teenagers (DesTeen). Long-term ozone exposure was estimated by optimal interpolation techniques and assigned to home addresses. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 µm (PM10) were assessed by land use regression models. For short-term exposure, maximum 8-h averages of ozone and daily average concentrations of NO2 and PM10 from the background monitoring sites 0 (same day), 1, 2, 3, and 7 days prior to depressive symptoms assessment were adopted. The cross-sectional analyses were conducted by adjusted logistic regression models controlling for residuals of NO2 and PM10, and covariates identified by a directed acyclic graph. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms ranged from 10.9% to 13.8% depending on regions. Overall, long- and short-term exposure to ozone were not statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms. However, subgroup analysis showed inconsistent significant protective associations for short-term exposure to ozone lag 0 day (same day) and depressive symptoms in Wesel (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: (0.59, 0.98)), but not in Munich (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: (0.83, 1.21)). CONCLUSIONS Our study does not support the hypothesis that ambient ozone exposure might increase the prevalence of depressive symptoms in German adolescents. Nevertheless, due to a lack of similar studies, these results need to be replicated in other samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, member DZL, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, member DZL, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dietrich Berdel
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
| | - Carl-Peter Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea von Berg
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, member DZL, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, member DZL, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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15
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Tiwari A, Gonzalez A. Biological alterations affecting risk of adult psychopathology following childhood trauma: A review of sex differences. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 66:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Hoppen TH, Chalder T. Childhood adversity as a transdiagnostic risk factor for affective disorders in adulthood: A systematic review focusing on biopsychosocial moderating and mediating variables. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 65:81-151. [PMID: 30189342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Trudie Chalder
- Academic Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, UK
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He SC, Wu S, Wang C, Du XD, Yin G, Jia Q, Zhang Y, Wang L, Soares JC, Zhang XY. Interaction between job stress and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism affects depressive symptoms in Chinese healthcare workers. J Affect Disord 2018; 236:157-163. [PMID: 29734099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to job-related stress can lead to depression and BDNF polymorphism may play an important role in this process. The role of the stress × BDNF Val66Met interaction in depression has been studied widely using childhood stress, but few studies have utilized chronic stress in adulthood as a moderator. This study was to examine the chronic stress × BDNF Val66Met interaction in job-related depression in the healthcare workers in a Chinese Han population, which has not been reported yet. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, 243 doctors and nurses were recruited from a general hospital in Beijing, and were assessed for depression with Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the stress using the House and Rizzo's Work Stress Scale. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was genotyped. RESULTS There was a significant positive association between job stress and depressive scores (p < 0.001). No significant main effect of the BDNF Val66Met genotype on depressive symptoms was observed (p > 0.05). A statistically significant interaction between BDNF Val66Met and job stress on depressive symptoms was found (p < 0.05); individuals with Val/Val genotype showed a higher SDS score than Met allele carriers only in the low-stress group, without significant differences in SDS score between the BDNF Val66Met subgroups in medium- or high-stress group. LIMITATIONS Limitations include cross-sectional study design, the small sample size only in healthcare workers and only one polymorphism in BDNF gene was analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a close relationship between job-related stress and depression, and the interaction of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and chronic stress in adulthood may impact the depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chang He
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian district, Beijing100871 China.
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian district, Beijing100871 China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian district, Beijing100871 China
| | - Xiang-Dong Du
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangzhong Yin
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiufang Jia
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingyang Zhang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main aims of this paper are to review and evaluate the neurobiology of the depressive syndrome from a neurodevelopmental perspective. METHODS An English language literature search was performed using PubMed. RESULTS Depression is a complex syndrome that involves anatomical and functional changes that have an early origin in brain development. In subjects with genetic risk for depression, early stress factors are able to mediate not only the genetic risk but also gene expression. There is evidence that endocrine and immune interactions have an important impact on monoamine function and that the altered monoamine signalling observed in the depressive syndrome has a neuro-endocrino-immunological origin early in the development. CONCLUSIONS Neurodevelopment is a key aspect to understand the whole neurobiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Lima-Ojeda
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas C Baghai
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Han KM, Choi S, Kim A, Kang J, Won E, Tae WS, Kim YK, Lee MS, Ham BJ. The effects of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms on neurostructural changes in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 273:25-34. [PMID: 29414128 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate the effects of genetic variants of the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms and their interactions with MDD on cortical volume and white matter integrity. Ninety-five patients with MDD and 65 healthy participants aged 20-65 years were recruited. The subjects were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms and scanned with T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging. The gray matter volumes of 24 gyri in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices and the fractional anisotropy values of nine white matter tracts in both hemispheres were determined. In the pooled sample of subjects from both groups, 5-HTTLPR L-allele carriers had significantly decreased cortical volume in the right anterior midcingulate gyrus compared to S-allele homozygotes. A significant effect of the interaction of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and MDD on the fractional anisotropy values of the right uncinate fasciculus was observed. Our results suggested that these genetic polymorphisms play important roles in the neurostructural changes of emotion-processing regions in subjects with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, life stress and depression: A meta-analysis of gene-environment interaction. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:226-235. [PMID: 29102837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is thought to be multifactorial in etiology, including genetic and environmental components. While a number of gene-environment interaction studies have been carried out, meta-analyses are scarce. The present meta-analysis aimed to quantify evidence on the interaction between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and stress in depression. METHODS Included were 31 peer-reviewed with a pooled total of 21060 participants published before October 2016 and literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Wolters Kluwer, Web of Science, EBSCO, Elsevier Science Direct and Baidu Scholar databases. RESULTS The results indicated that the Met allele of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism significantly moderated the relationship between stress and depression (Z=2.666, p = 0.003). The results of subgroup analysis concluded that stressful life events and childhood adversity separately interacted with the Met allele of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in depression (Z = 2.552, p = 0.005; Z = 1.775, p = 0.03). LIMITATIONS The results could be affected by errors or bias in primary studies which had small sample sizes with relatively lower statistic power. We could not estimate how strong the interaction effect between gene and environment was. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that supported the hypothesis that BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderated the relationship between stress and depression, despite the fact that many included individual studies did not show this effect.
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Martin L, Hemmings SMJ, Kidd M, Seedat S. No gene-by-environment interaction of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and childhood maltreatment on anxiety sensitivity in a mixed race adolescent sample. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2018; 9:1472987. [PMID: 29805780 PMCID: PMC5965035 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1472987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders in youth are attributable to multiple causal mechanisms, comprising biological vulnerabilities, such as genetics and temperament, and unfavourable environmental influences, such as childhood maltreatment (CM). Objective: A gene-environment (G x E) interaction study was conducted to determine the interactive effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and CM to increase susceptibility to anxiety sensitivity (AS) in a sample of mixed race adolescents. Method: Participants (n = 308, mean age = 15.8 years) who were all secondary school students and who completed measures for AS and CM were genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess G x E influences on AS. Age and gender were included in the models as covariates as age was significantly associated with AS total score (p < .05), and females had significantly higher AS scores than males (p < .05). Results: A main effect of CM on AS was evident (p < .05), however, no main effect of BDNF genotype on AS was observed (p > .05). A non-significant G x E effect on AS was revealed (p < .05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that CM does not have a moderating role in the relationship between the BDNF Val66Met genotype and the increased risk of anxiety-related phenotypes, such as AS. Given the exploratory nature of this study, findings require replication in larger samples and adjustment for population stratification to further explore the role of BDNF Val66Met and CM on AS in mixed race adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindi Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Martin Kidd
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Koss KJ, Cummings EM, Davies PT, Hetzel S, Cicchetti D. Harsh Parenting and Serotonin Transporter and BDNF Val66Met Polymorphisms as Predictors of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 47:S205-S218. [PMID: 27736236 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1220311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are prevalent and rise during adolescence. The present study is a prospective investigation of environmental and genetic factors that contribute to the growth in depressive symptoms and the frequency of heightened symptoms during adolescence. Participants included 206 mother-father-adolescent triads (M age at Time 1 = 13.06 years, SD = .51, 52% female). Harsh parenting was observationally assessed during a family conflict paradigm. DNA was extracted from saliva samples and genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms. Adolescents provide self-reports of depressive symptoms annually across early adolescence. The results reveal Gene × Environment interactions as predictors of adolescent depressive symptom trajectories in the context of harsh parenting as an environmental risk factor. A BDNF Val66Met × Harsh Parenting interaction predicted the rise in depressive symptoms across a 3-year period, whereas a 5-HTTLPR × Harsh Parenting interaction predicted greater frequency in elevated depressive symptoms. The findings highlight the importance of unique genetic and environmental influences in the development and course of heightened depressive symptoms during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalsea J Koss
- a Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University
| | | | | | - Susan Hetzel
- d Institute of Child Development , University of Minnesota
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- d Institute of Child Development , University of Minnesota.,e Mt. Hope Family Center , University of Rochester
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Agnafors S, Sydsjö G, Comasco E, Bladh M, Oreland L, Svedin CG. Early predictors of behavioural problems in pre-schoolers - a longitudinal study of constitutional and environmental main and interaction effects. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:76. [PMID: 27267363 PMCID: PMC4895962 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The early environment is important for child development and wellbeing. Gene-by-environment studies investigating the impact of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphisms by life events on mental health and behaviour problems have been inconclusive. Methodological differences regarding sample sizes, study population, definitions of adversities and measures of mental health problems obstacle their comparability. Furthermore, very few studies included children. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between a broad range of risk factors covering pregnancy and birth, genetic polymorphism, experience of multiple life events and psychosocial environment, and child behaviour at age 3, using a comparably large, representative, population-based sample. Methods A total of 1,106 children, and their mothers, were followed from pregnancy to age 3. Information on pregnancy and birth-related factors was retrieved from the Medical Birth Register. Questionnaires on depressive symptoms, child behaviour and child experiences of life events were filled in by the mothers. Child saliva samples were used for genotyping the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the association between psychological scales and genetic polymorphisms. Results Symptoms of postpartum depression increased the risk of both internalizing and externalizing problems. Experience of multiple life events was also a predictor of behavioural problems across the scales. No gene-by-environment or gene-by-gene-by-environment interactions were found. Children of immigrants had an increased risk of internalizing problems and parental unemployment was significantly associated with both internalizing and externalizing type of problems. Conclusion This study shows the importance of the psychosocial environment for psychosocial health in preschool children, and adds to the literature of null-findings of gene-by-environment effects of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF in children. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0614-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Agnafors
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Gunilla Sydsjö
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Bladh
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Oreland
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Göran Svedin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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Lehto K, Mäestu J, Kiive E, Veidebaum T, Harro J. BDNF Val66Met genotype and neuroticism predict life stress: A longitudinal study from childhood to adulthood. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:562-9. [PMID: 26738427 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and life stress have been associated with negative emotionality (e.g., neuroticism), but relevant evidence is far from unequivocal. Possible confounding factors include the type and timing of stressful events measured, such as childhood adversity vs. recent stressful events, and variable gene × environment interactions. The aim of this study was to longitudinally assess the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and environment interaction effect on neuroticism in a population representative sample, depending upon the type of stress, gender and family relations. In the original older cohort of the Estonian Children Personality Behavior and Health Study (ECPBHS, n=593), neuroticism was measured at age 15 (parental assessment), 18 and 25 (self-assessments). Childhood stress was reported at age 15, quality of family relations was measured at age 18, and recent stressful life events at age 25. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism interacted with recent stressful life events, but not with childhood adversities, to impact neuroticism. Interestingly, in female participants, neuroticism at age 18 predicted future stressful life events dependent upon genotype: individuals with Val/Val genotype and high neuroticism experienced higher, but Met-allele carriers with high neuroticism lower stress exposure at age 25. Similar tendencies were observed using parental assessments at age 15. The protective effect of Met-allele in the high stress exposure group could result from better early family environment. In conclusion, we herewith provide further evidence for a role of BDNF gene variance contributing to plasticity in response to environmental demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Lehto
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; National Institute for Health Development, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jarek Mäestu
- Department of Sports Biology and Physiotherapy, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelyn Kiive
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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Predicting change in symptoms of depression during the transition to university: the roles of BDNF and working memory capacity. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 15:95-103. [PMID: 24920443 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-014-0305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies on depression risk emphasize the importance of both cognitive and genetic vulnerability factors. The present study has provided the first examination of whether working memory capacity, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, and their interaction predict changes in symptoms of depression during the transition to university. Early in the semester, students completed a self-report measure of depressive symptoms and a modified version of the reading span task to assess working memory capacity in the presence of both neutral and negative distractors. Whole blood was genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. Students returned at the end of the semester to complete additional self-report questionnaires. Neither working memory capacity nor the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism predicted change in depressive symptoms either independently or in interaction with self-reported semester difficulty. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, however, moderated the association between working memory capacity and symptom change. Among met carriers, lower working memory capacity in the presence of negative-but not neutral-distractors was associated with increased symptoms of depression over the semester. For the val/val group, working memory capacity did not predict symptom change. These findings contribute directly to biological and cognitive models of depression and highlight the importance of examining Gene × Cognition interactions when investigating risk for depression.
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Interactions between childhood maltreatment and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin transporter polymorphisms on depression symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:609-12. [PMID: 26070769 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study represents the first replication of the BDNF Val66Met ⁎ 5-HTTLPR ⁎ childhood maltreatment effect on self-reported depression symptoms using a rigorous maltreatment interview. Participants included a community sample of 339 adolescents/young adults (age 12-33; 265 female). In the context of childhood neglect, among BDNF Met-carriers, s-allele carriers of 5-HTTLPR reported significantly higher depression than l/l homozygotes, whereas a differential relation of 5-HTTLPR genotype to depression was not seen among BDNF Val/Val homozygotes.
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Szentágotai-Tătar A, Chiș A, Vulturar R, Dobrean A, Cândea DM, Miu AC. Shame and Guilt-Proneness in Adolescents: Gene-Environment Interactions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134716. [PMID: 26230319 PMCID: PMC4521752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rooted in people’s preoccupation with how they are perceived and evaluated, shame and guilt are self-conscious emotions that play adaptive roles in social behavior, but can also contribute to psychopathology when dysregulated. Shame and guilt-proneness develop during childhood and adolescence, and are influenced by genetic and environmental factors that are little known to date. This study investigated the effects of early traumatic events and functional polymorphisms in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) on shame and guilt in adolescents. A sample of N = 271 healthy adolescents between 14 and 17 years of age filled in measures of early traumatic events and proneness to shame and guilt, and were genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. Results of moderator analyses indicated that trauma intensity was positively associated with guilt-proneness only in carriers of the low-expressing Met allele of BDNF Val66Met. This is the first study that identifies a gene-environment interaction that significantly contributes to guilt proneness in adolescents, with potential implications for developmental psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Szentágotai-Tătar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
- * E-mail:
| | - Adina Chiș
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Diana Mirela Cândea
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Andrei C. Miu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
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Gutiérrez B, Bellón JÁ, Rivera M, Molina E, King M, Marston L, Torres-González F, Moreno-Küstner B, Moreno-Peral P, Motrico E, Montón-Franco C, GildeGómez-Barragán MJ, Sánchez-Celaya M, Díaz-Barreiros MÁ, Vicens C, de Dios Luna J, Nazareth I, Cervilla J. The risk for major depression conferred by childhood maltreatment is multiplied by BDNF and SERT genetic vulnerability: a replication study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015; 40:187-96. [PMID: 25510949 PMCID: PMC4409436 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence for a moderating role of both serotonin transporter (SERT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes on the risk for major depression (MD) developing after childhood maltreatment. However, research on this topic remains inconclusive, and there is a lack of data from longitudinal studies with large and representative population samples. Our study aimed to clarify whether, in the presence of previous childhood maltreatment, individuals carrying low functional alleles for both SERT 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms had a higher risk for MD. METHODS We explored 2- and 3-way gene (SERT and BDNF) × environment (childhood maltreatment) interactions in a large sample of Spanish adults who were followed up over a 3-year period and assessed in person for both DSM-IV MD and exposure to childhood maltreatment. RESULTS Our study included 2679 participants. Those with both the 5-HTTLPR s allele and the BDNF Met allele showed the highest risk of MD if they had previously experienced emotional (z = 2.08, p = 0.037), sexual (z = 2.19, p = 0.029) or any kind of childhood abuse (z = 2.37, p = 0.018). These 3-way interactions remained significant regardless of whether the 5-HTTLPR triallelic or the 5-HTTLPR biallelic polymorphisms were included in the analyses. LIMITATIONS Retrospective assessment of childhood maltreatment may have resulted in a moderate degree of recall bias. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that the risk of depression conferred by childhood maltreatment is modified by variation at both SERT and BDNF genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Gutiérrez
- Correspondence to: B. Gutiérrez, CIBERSAM-Universidad de Granada, Instituto de Neurociencias Federico Olóriz, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Avda. Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism influences the association of the methylome with maternal anxiety and neonatal brain volumes. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 27:137-50. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEarly life environments interact with genotype to determine stable phenotypic outcomes. Here we examined the influence of a variant in the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met), which underlies synaptic plasticity throughout the central nervous system, on the degree to which antenatal maternal anxiety associated with neonatal DNA methylation. We also examined the association between neonatal DNA methylation and brain substructure volume, as a function of BDNF genotype. Infant, but not maternal, BDNF genotype dramatically influences the association of antenatal anxiety on the epigenome at birth as well as that between the epigenome and neonatal brain structure. There was a greater impact of antenatal maternal anxiety on the DNA methylation of infants with the methionine (Met)/Met compared to both Met/valine (Val) and Val/Val genotypes. There were significantly more cytosine–phosphate–guanine sites where methylation levels covaried with right amygdala volume among Met/Met compared with both Met/Val and Val/Val carriers. In contrast, more cytosine–phosphate–guanine sites covaried with left hippocampus volume in Val/Val infants compared with infants of the Met/Val or Met/Met genotype. Thus, antenatal Maternal Anxiety × BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism interactions at the level of the epigenome are reflected differently in the structure of the amygdala and the hippocampus. These findings suggest that BDNF genotype regulates the sensitivity of the methylome to early environment and that differential susceptibility to specific environmental conditions may be both tissue and function specific.
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Watts SJ. 5-HTTLPR, Suicidal Behavior by Others, Depression, and Criminal Behavior During Adolescence. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558414560627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vicarious strains like suicidal behavior on the part of others have been shown to be predictive of both negative emotions and antisocial behavior during adolescence. Little research to date, however, has examined the role that biological factors play in moderating these relationships. Using a sample of adolescents drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health ( N = 7,995), and drawing on two separate, but related, theories, I explore whether the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) interacts with suicidal behavior by others to affect depression and self-reported crime. Results of ordinary least squares and negative binomial regressions reveal that suicide by others interacts with 5-HTTLPR to increase both depression and crime for males but not females, net of controls. Thus, 5-HTTLPR may be implicated in shaping negative emotions and antisocial behavior among males during adolescence by moderating the effects of suicide by others. Implications for theory are discussed.
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van Winkel M, Peeters F, van Winkel R, Kenis G, Collip D, Geschwind N, Jacobs N, Derom C, Thiery E, van Os J, Myin-Germeys I, Wichers M. Impact of variation in the BDNF gene on social stress sensitivity and the buffering impact of positive emotions: replication and extension of a gene-environment interaction. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:930-8. [PMID: 24613654 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A previous study reported that social stress sensitivity is moderated by the brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor(Val66Met) (BDNF rs6265) genotype. Additionally, positive emotions partially neutralize this moderating effect. The current study aimed to: (i) replicate in a new independent sample of subjects with residual depressive symptoms the moderating effect of BDNF(Val66Met) genotype on social stress sensitivity, (ii) replicate the neutralizing impact of positive emotions, (iii) extend these analyses to other variations in the BDNF gene in the new independent sample and the original sample of non-depressed individuals. Previous findings were replicated in an experience sampling method (ESM) study. Negative Affect (NA) responses to social stress were stronger in "Val/Met" carriers of BDNF(Val66Met) compared to "Val/Val" carriers. Positive emotions neutralized the moderating effect of BDNF(Val66Met) genotype on social stress sensitivity in a dose-response fashion. Finally, two of four additional BDNF SNPs (rs11030101, rs2049046) showed similar moderating effects on social stress-sensitivity across both samples. The neutralizing effect of positive emotions on the moderating effects of these two additional SNPs was found in one sample. In conclusion, ESM has important advantages in gene-environment (GxE) research and may attribute to more consistent findings in future GxE research. This study shows how the impact of BDNF genetic variation on depressive symptoms may be explained by its impact on subtle daily life responses to social stress. Further, it shows that the generation of positive affect (PA) can buffer social stress sensitivity and partially undo the genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van Winkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands; Riagg Maastricht, Parallelweg 45-47, 6221 BD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Frenk Peeters
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands; University Psychiatric Centre, Catholic University Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Collip
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Geschwind
- Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Nele Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evert Thiery
- Dept of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands; King׳s College London, King׳s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (DRT 10), Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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On deep history and pyschotropy. Cult Med Psychiatry 2014; 38:169-73. [PMID: 24728539 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-014-9373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Brown GW, Craig TKJ, Harris TO, Herbert J, Hodgson K, Tansey KE, Uher R. Functional polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene interacts with stressful life events but not childhood maltreatment in the etiology of depression. Depress Anxiety 2014; 31:326-34. [PMID: 24338983 DOI: 10.1002/da.22221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We test the hypothesis that the functional Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF interacts with recent life events to produce onset of new depressive episodes. We also explore the possibility that the Met allele of this polymorphism interacts with childhood maltreatment to increase the risk of chronic depression. METHODS In a risk-enriched combined sample of unrelated women, childhood maltreatment and current life events were measured with the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse, and Life Events and Difficulties Schedule interviews. Chronic episodes of depression (12 months or longer) during adulthood and onset of a major depressive episode during a 12-month follow-up were established with the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry interview. RESULTS Met alleles of BDNF moderated the relationship between recent life events and adult onsets of depression in a significant gene-environment interaction (interaction risk difference 0.216, 95% CI 0.090-0.342; P =.0008). BDNF did not significantly influence the effect of childhood maltreatment on chronic depression in the present sample. CONCLUSIONS The Met allele of BDNF increases the risk of a new depressive episode following a severe life event. The BDNF and the serotonin transporter gene length polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and BDNF may contribute to depression through distinct mechanisms involving interactions with childhood and adulthood adversity respectively, which may, in combination, be responsible for a substantial proportion of depression burden in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Brown
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom
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Carver CS, LeMoult J, Johnson SL, Joormann J. Gene Effects and G × E Interactions in the Differential Prediction of Three Aspects of Impulsiveness. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550614527116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several polymorphisms relevant to dopamine and serotonin have been identified as potential contributors to individual differences in impulsivity versus self-control. Because impulsivity is a multifaceted construct, a need remains to examine more closely how various genes relate to different aspects of impulsivity. We examined four dopamine-related polymorphisms and the serotonin transporter as predictors of three aspects of impulsivity, two bearing on impulsive reactions to emotions and one on difficulty in completing intended actions. Early adversity was also examined as a potentiator of genetic effects. Undergraduates completed measures of impulsivity and early adversity and were genotyped. COMT, BDNF, DRD4, and 5HTTLPR (the latter two in interaction with early adversity) made independent contributions to prediction of Pervasive Influence of Feelings. BDNF made a contribution to Lack of Follow-Through. ANKK1 and 5HTTLPR (both in interaction with early adversity) made independent contributions to Feelings Trigger Action. Thus, five polymorphisms contributed to predicting impulsivity, but different polymorphisms related to different aspects.
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Cruz-Fuentes CS, Benjet C, Martínez-Levy GA, Pérez-Molina A, Briones-Velasco M, Suárez-González J. BDNF Met66 modulates the cumulative effect of psychosocial childhood adversities on major depression in adolescents. Brain Behav 2014; 4:290-7. [PMID: 24683520 PMCID: PMC3967543 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay among lifetime adversities and the genetic background has been previously examined on a variety of measures of depression; however, only few studies have focused on major depression disorder (MDD) in adolescence. METHODS Using clinical data and DNA samples from mouthwash gathered from an epidemiological study on the prevalence of mental disorders in youths between 12 and 17 years old, we tested the statistical interaction between a set of psychosocial adversities experienced during childhood (CAs) with two common polymorphisms in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Val66Met) and SLC6A4 (L/S) genes on the probability of suffering MDD in adolescence. RESULTS Genotype or allele frequencies for both polymorphisms were similar between groups of comparison (MDD N = 246; controls N = 270). The CAs factors: Abuse, neglect, and family dysfunctions; parental maladjustment, parental death, and to have experienced a life-threatening physical illness were predictors of clinical depression in adolescents. Remarkably, the cumulative number of psychosocial adversities was distinctly associated with an increase in the prevalence of depression but only in those Val/Val BDNF individuals; while the possession of at least a copy of the BDNF Met allele (i.e., Met +) was statistically linked with a "refractory" or resilient phenotype to the noticeable influence of CAs. CONCLUSION Liability or resilience to develop MDD in adolescence is dependent of a complex interplay between particular environmental exposures and a set of plasticity genes including BDNF. A better understanding of these factors is important for developing better prevention and early intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Cruz-Fuentes
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
| | - Corina Benjet
- Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
| | - Gabriela A Martínez-Levy
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
| | - Amado Pérez-Molina
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
| | - Magdalena Briones-Velasco
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
| | - Jesús Suárez-González
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
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Miller JK, Wiener JM. PTSD recovery, spatial processing, and the val66met polymorphism. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:100. [PMID: 24616687 PMCID: PMC3935252 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan M Wiener
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University Dorset, UK
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Is serotonin transporter genotype associated with epigenetic susceptibility or vulnerability? Examination of the impact of socioeconomic status risk on African American youth. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 26:289-304. [PMID: 24438855 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579413000990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that presence of the short allele in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter would moderate the effect of early cumulative socioeconomic status (SES) risk on epigenetic change among African American youth. Contrasting hypotheses regarding the shape of the interaction effect were generated using vulnerability and susceptibility frameworks and applied to data from a sample of 388 African American youth. Early cumulative SES risk assessed at 11-13 years based on parent report interacted with presence of the short allele to predict differential methylation assessed at age 19. Across multiple tests, a differential susceptibility perspective rather than a diathesis-stress framework best fit the data for genes associated with depression, consistently demonstrating greater epigenetic response to early cumulative SES risk among short allele carriers. A pattern consistent with greater impact among short allele carriers also was observed using all cytosine nucleotide-phosphate-guanine nucleotide sites across the genome that were differentially affected by early cumulative SES risk. We conclude that the short allele is associated with increased responsiveness to early cumulative SES risk among African American youth, leading to epigenetic divergence for depression-related genes in response to exposure to heightened SES risk among short allele carriers in a "for better" or "for worse" pattern.
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Hosang GM, Shiles C, Tansey KE, McGuffin P, Uher R. Interaction between stress and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2014; 12:7. [PMID: 24433458 PMCID: PMC3912923 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression is a disabling psychiatric illness with complex origins. Life stress (childhood adversity and recent stressful events) is a robust risk factor for depression. The relationship between life stress and Val66Met polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has received much attention. The aim of the present work was to review and conduct a meta-analysis on the results from published studies examining this interaction. METHODS A literature search was conducted using PsychINFO and PubMed databases until 22 November 2013. A total of 22 studies with a pooled total of 14,233 participants met the inclusion criteria, the results of which were combined and a meta-analysis performed using the Liptak-Stouffer z-score method. RESULTS The results suggest that the Met allele of BDNF Val66Met significantly moderates the relationship between life stress and depression (P = 0.03). When the studies were stratified by type of environmental stressor, the evidence was stronger for an interaction with stressful life events (P = 0.01) and weaker for interaction of BDNF Val66Met with childhood adversity (P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS The interaction between BDNF and life stress in depression is stronger for stressful life events rather than childhood adversity. Methodological limitations of existing studies include poor measurement of life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Hosang
- Psychology Department, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, UK.
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Abstract
Severe mental illness (SMI) is a broad category that includes schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression. Both genetic disposition and environmental exposures play important roles in the development of SMI. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the roles of genetic and environmental factors depend on each other. Gene-environment interactions may underlie the paradox of strong environmental factors for highly heritable disorders, the low estimates of shared environmental influences in twin studies of SMI, and the heritability gap between twin and molecular heritability estimates. Sons and daughters of parents with SMI are more vulnerable to the effects of prenatal and postnatal environmental exposures, suggesting that the expression of genetic liability depends on environment. In the last decade, gene-environment interactions involving specific molecular variants in candidate genes have been identified. Replicated findings include an interaction between a polymorphism in the AKT1 gene and cannabis use in the development of psychosis and an interaction between the length polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and childhood maltreatment in the development of persistent depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder has been underinvestigated, with only a single study showing an interaction between a functional polymorphism in the BDNF gene and stressful life events triggering bipolar depressive episodes. The first systematic search for gene-environment interactions has found that a polymorphism in CTNNA3 may sensitize the developing brain to the pathogenic effect of cytomegalovirus in utero, leading to schizophrenia in adulthood. Strategies for genome-wide investigations will likely include coordination between epidemiological and genetic research efforts, systematic assessment of multiple environmental factors in large samples, and prioritization of genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada ; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University , Halifax, NS , Canada ; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , London , UK
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Hemmings SMJ, Lochner C, van der Merwe L, Cath DC, Seedat S, Stein DJ. BDNF Val66Met modifies the risk of childhood trauma on obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:1857-63. [PMID: 24050777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma has been linked to the development of later psychopathology, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although evidence exists to suggest that genetic and environmental factors are involved in the aetiology of OCD, little attention has been paid to the interactions that exist between genes and environment. The aim of this study was to investigate gene-by-environment interactions between childhood trauma and the BDNF Val66Met variant in patients with OCD. Childhood trauma was assessed in 134 OCD patients and 188 controls using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Linear regression models were used for statistical analyses. Gene-environment interactions were estimated by including a combined genotype and CTQ score in the models as interaction terms. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, CTQ minimisation-denial score and home language by including them in the logistic regression models as covariates. Childhood trauma, specifically emotional abuse and neglect, increased the odds of having OCD significantly (p < 0.001). Although no significant association was observed between BDNF Val66Met and the development of OCD, interaction analysis indicated that the BDNF Met-allele interacted with childhood emotional abuse to increase the risk of OCD significantly in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.024). To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to investigate gene-environment interactions in OCD, and the findings indicate the importance of collating genetic and environmental variables in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Megan Joanna Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Chen J, Li X, McGue M. The interacting effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and stressful life events on adolescent depression is not an artifact of gene-environment correlation: evidence from a longitudinal twin study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013; 54:1066-73. [PMID: 23848344 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Confounding introduced by gene-environment correlation (rGE) may prevent one from observing a true gene-environment interaction (G × E) effect on psychopathology. The present study investigated the interacting effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and stressful life events (SLEs) on adolescent depression while controlling for the rGE by two means: separating pure environmental factors (independent SLEs) from the environmental factors under partial genetic control (dependent SLEs) and adopting a prospective longitudinal design. METHODS A total of 780 pairs of Chinese twins, aged 11-17 years (mean = 13.6, SD = 1.8) at intake, were followed up twice. Self-reported depression symptoms at Time 1 and Time 2 were assessed by the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). SLEs occurring between Time 1 and Time 2 were assessed by a self-reported checklist. SLEs were differentiated into independent and dependent ones and were validated by heritability analyses using twin design. The interacting effects between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and numbers of SLEs (total SLEs and independent SLEs) on intraindividual change of depression symptoms were examined. RESULTS After controlling for sex, age, age square, and Time 1 depression, both total SLEs × BDNF Val66Met genotype and independent SLEs × BDNF Val66Met genotype significantly predicted Time 2 depression. Val allele carriers (Val/Val and Val/Met) were more susceptible to the detrimental effects of stress. CONCLUSIONS There is a true G × E effect underlying the observed interaction between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and environmental stress on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Carver CS, Johnson SL, Joormann J. Major depressive disorder and impulsive reactivity to emotion: toward a dual-process view of depression. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 52:285-99. [PMID: 23865405 PMCID: PMC3721423 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dual-process theories of behaviour have been used to suggest that vulnerability to depression involves elevated reactivity to emotions. This study tests that idea, examining self-reported reactivity. DESIGN Comparison between persons with at least one lifetime episode of major depressive disorder (lifetime MDD) and those without this diagnosis, controlling for symptoms of alcohol use (a potential externalizing confound) and current symptoms of depression (a potential state-dependent confound). METHODS Undergraduates (N = 120) completed a clinical interview to diagnose lifetime MDD and a series of self-reports bearing on diverse aspects of self-control, including reactivity to emotion. Thirty-four people were diagnosed with lifetime MDD; 86 did not meet criteria for MDD. The groups were then compared on three factors underlying the scales assessing self-control. RESULTS The MDD group had higher scores than controls on the two factors that reflect impulsive reactivity to diverse emotions, including emotions that are positive in valence. These effects were not explained by associations with either externalizing symptoms or current depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Reflexive reactivity to emotions characterizes depression, in addition to some externalizing problems, and it may deserve study as a potential trans-diagnostic feature. PRACTITIONER POINTS Reflexive reactivity to emotions characterizes persons diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Findings suggest desirability of focusing treatment partly on management of reflexive reactions to emotions. LIMITATION Measures were self-reports, rather than behavioural responses to emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Carver
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
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Buchmann AF, Hellweg R, Rietschel M, Treutlein J, Witt SH, Zimmermann US, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Banaschewski T, Laucht M, Deuschle M. BDNF Val 66 Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype moderate the impact of early psychosocial adversity on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor and depressive symptoms: a prospective study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:902-9. [PMID: 23058261 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have emphasized an important role for neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in regulating the plasticity of neural circuits involved in the pathophysiology of stress-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the interplay of the BDNF Val⁶⁶Met and the serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms in moderating the impact of early-life adversity on BDNF plasma concentration and depressive symptoms. Participants were taken from an epidemiological cohort study following the long-term outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. In 259 individuals (119 males, 140 females), genotyped for the BDNF Val⁶⁶Met and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms, plasma BDNF was assessed at the age of 19 years. In addition, participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Early adversity was determined according to a family adversity index assessed at 3 months of age. Results indicated that individuals homozygous for both the BDNF Val and the 5-HTTLPR L allele showed significantly reduced BDNF levels following exposure to high adversity. In contrast, BDNF levels appeared to be unaffected by early psychosocial adversity in carriers of the BDNF Met or the 5-HTTLPR S allele. While the former group appeared to be most susceptible to depressive symptoms, the impact of early adversity was less pronounced in the latter group. This is the first preliminary evidence indicating that early-life adverse experiences may have lasting sequelae for plasma BDNF levels in humans, highlighting that the susceptibility to this effect is moderated by BDNF Val⁶⁶Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette F Buchmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Herbert J, Ban M, Brown GW, Harris TO, Ogilvie A, Uher R, Craig TKJ. Interaction between the BDNF gene Val/66/Met polymorphism and morning cortisol levels as a predictor of depression in adult women. Br J Psychiatry 2012; 201:313-9. [PMID: 22844024 PMCID: PMC3461447 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.107037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common genetic variants, such as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val/66/Met polymorphism (rs6265), are known to interact with environmental factors such as early adversity to increase the risk of subsequent major depression. Much less is known about how they interact with individual differences in cortisol, although these also represent a risk for major depression. AIMS To determine whether this BDNF variant moderated the risk represented by higher levels of morning salivary cortisol in adult women. METHOD We recruited 279 premenopausal women who were at high risk of major depressive disorder because of either negative self-evaluation, unsupportive core relationship or chronic subclinical symptoms of depression or anxiety. Morning salivary cortisol was measured daily for up to 10 days at entry. Participants were followed up for about 12 months by telephone calls at 3-4 monthly intervals. Major depression and severe life events were assessed through interviews at baseline and follow-up; DNA was obtained from the saliva. RESULTS There were 53 onsets (19%) of depressive episodes during follow-up. There was a significant U-shaped relationship between adjusted morning cortisol levels at baseline and the probability of depression onset during follow-up. In total, 51% experienced at least one severe life event/difficulty, and this strongly predicted subsequent onsets of depressive episodes. The BDNF Val/66/Met genotype was not directly associated with onsets of depression or with cortisol levels, but there was significant interaction between Val/66/Met and cortisol: the association between baseline cortisol and depression was limited to those with the Val/66/Val variant. There was no interaction between life events and either this BDNF polymorphism or cortisol levels. CONCLUSIONS Morning salivary cortisol interacts with the BDNF Val/66/Met polymorphism in predicting new depressive episodes. This paper adds to the evidence that single gene polymorphisms interact with endogenous factors to predict depression.
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Chen J, Li X, McGue M. Interacting effect of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and stressful life events on adolescent depression. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2012; 11:958-65. [PMID: 22931410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong etiological link between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and depression, but the neurocellular mechanisms and gene-environment interactions remain obscure. This study investigated whether one functional polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF Val66Met) modulates the influence of stressful life events on adolescent depressive symptoms. A total of 780 pairs of ethnic Han Chinese adolescent twins, 11-17 years of age, were randomly assigned to one of two subgroups (twin1 and twin2). All subjects were genotyped as Val/Val, Val/Met or Met/Met, and assessed for depressive symptoms using the Children's Depression Inventory. The level of environmental stress was estimated by the frequency of stressful life events using the Life Events Checklist. The frequency of stressful life events was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms (twin1: β = 0.21, P = 0.01; twin2: β = 0.27, P < 0.01), but there was no significant main effect of the BDNF Val66Met genotype on depressive symptoms. In both subgroups, however, the interaction between the BDNF Val66Met genotype and stressful life event frequency was significant (twin1: β = 0.19, P = 0.01; twin2: β = 0.15, P = 0.04); individuals with one or two Val alleles demonstrated a greater susceptibility to both the detrimental effects of higher stress and the beneficial effects of lower stress compared to the Met/Met genotype. These findings support the 'differential-susceptibility' hypothesis, whereby the BDNF Val allele modulates the influence of environmental stress on depression by enhancing the neuroplastic response to all life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Drury SS, Gleason MM, Theall KP, Smyke AT, Nelson CA, Fox NA, Zeanah CH. Genetic sensitivity to the caregiving context: the influence of 5httlpr and BDNF val66met on indiscriminate social behavior. Physiol Behav 2012; 106:728-35. [PMID: 22133521 PMCID: PMC4084933 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Evidence that gene×environment interactions can reflect differential sensitivity to the environmental context, rather than risk or resilience, is increasing. To test this model, we examined the genetic contribution to indiscriminate social behavior, in the setting of a randomized controlled trial of foster care compared to institutional rearing. Children enrolled in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) were assessed comprehensively before the age of 30 months and subsequently randomized to either care as usual (CAUG) or high quality foster care (FCG). Indiscriminate social behavior was assessed at four time points, baseline, 30 months, 42 months and 54 months of age, using caregiver report with the Disturbances of Attachment Interview (DAI). General linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the effect of the interaction between group status and functional polymorphisms in Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and the Serotonin Transporter (5htt) on levels of indiscriminate behavior over time. Differential susceptibility, relative to levels of indiscriminate behavior, was demonstrated in children with either the s/s 5httlpr genotype or met 66 BDNF allele carriers. Specifically children with either the s/s 5httlpr genotype or met66 carriers in BDNF demonstrated the lowest levels of indiscriminate behavior in the FCG and the highest levels in the CAUG. Children with either the long allele of the 5httlpr or val/val genotype of BDNF demonstrated little difference in levels of indiscriminate behaviors over time and no group×genotype interaction. Children with both plasticity genotypes had the most signs of indiscriminate behavior at 54 months if they were randomized to the CAUG in the institution, while those with both plasticity genotypes randomized to the FCG intervention had the fewest signs at 54 months. Strikingly children with no plasticity alleles demonstrated no intervention effect on levels of indiscriminate behavior at 54 months. These findings represent the first genetic associations reported with indiscriminate social behavior, replicate previous gene×gene×environment findings with these polymorphisms, and add to the growing body of literature supporting a differential susceptibility model of gene×environment interactions in developmental psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy S Drury
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1440 Canal St TB 52, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Archer T, Oscar-Berman M, Blum K, Gold M. Neurogenetics and Epigenetics in Impulsive Behaviour: Impact on Reward Circuitry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:1000115. [PMID: 23264884 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adverse, unfavourable life conditions, particularly during early life stages and infancy, can lead to epigenetic regulation of genes involved in stress-response, behavioral disinhibition, and cognitive-emotional systems. Over time, the ultimate final outcome can be expressed through behaviors bedeviled by problems with impulse control, such as eating disorders, alcoholism, and indiscriminate social behavior. While many reward gene polymorphisms are involved in impulsive behaviors, a polymorphism by itself may not translate to the development of a particular behavioral disorder unless it is impacted by epigenetic effects. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) affects the development and integrity of the noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems, and plasma levels of the neurotrophin are associated with both cognitive and aggressive impulsiveness. Epigenetic mechanisms associated with a multitude of environmental factors, including premature birth, low birth weight, prenatal tobacco exposure, non-intact family, young maternal age at birth of the target child, paternal history of antisocial behavior, and maternal depression, alter the developmental trajectories for several neuropsychiatric disorders. These mechanisms affect brain development and integrity at several levels that determine structure and function in resolving the final behavioral expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Drug withdrawal-induced depression: Serotonergic and plasticity changes in animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:696-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Postpartum depressive symptoms and the BDNF Val66Met functional polymorphism: effect of season of delivery. Arch Womens Ment Health 2011; 14:453-63. [PMID: 21997575 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-011-0239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is an often underdiagnosed and undertreated mood disorder, with negative impact on the mother's and infant's health. Seasonal variation has been discussed as a risk factor for PPD. Candidate genes, such as those encoding for the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and Period2 (PER2), have been associated with depression and seasonal disorders. The present study is aimed to examine whether functional polymorphic variants, BDNF Val66Met, 5-HTTLPR, or PER2 SNP 10870, are associated with PPD symptoms and whether these genetic polymorphisms interact with season in predicting PPD symptoms. This case-control study comprised of 275 women from a population-based cohort of delivering women in Sweden, who completed a questionnaire containing the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Stressful life events (SLEs) and maternity stressors were also assessed. The results did not reveal any statistically significant overall association between the studied genetic polymorphisms and PPD symptoms. However, a significant association between BDNF Met66 carrier status and development of PPD symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum, even when controlling for prepartum and postpartum environmental risk factors, was evident among mothers delivering during autumn/winter. No gene-gene interactions were found but a cumulative effect was detected with carriers of a greater number of 5-HTTLPR S and BDNFVal66Met Met alleles reporting higher EPDS scores, if delivered during autumn/winter. Our findings propose a role of the BDNF gene in the development of PPD symptoms, potentially mediated by season of delivery.
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