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Szczepocka E, Mokros Ł, Kazmierski J, Nowakowska K, Łucka A, Antoszczyk A, Oltra-Cucarella J, Werzowa W, Hellevik MM, Skouras S, Bagger K. The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Training on Cognitive, Social, and Physical Functioning in High-Functioning Older Adults (CoSoPhy FX): 2-Arm, Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53261. [PMID: 38837194 PMCID: PMC11187518 DOI: 10.2196/53261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising technology for enhancing the health care of older individuals, particularly in the domains of cognition, physical activity, and social engagement. However, existing VR products and services have limited availability and affordability; hence, there is a need for a scientifically validated and personalized VR service to be used by older adults in their homes, which can improve their overall physical, cognitive, and social well-being. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of the CoSoPhy FX (Cognitive, Social, and Physical Effects) study was to analyze the effects of a VR-based digital therapeutics app on the cognitive, social, and physical performance abilities of healthy (high-functioning) older adults. This paper presents the study protocol and the results from the recruitment phase. METHODS A group of 188 healthy older adults aged 65-85 years, recruited at the Medical University of Lodz, Poland, were randomly allocated to the experimental group (VR dual-task training program) or to the control group (using a VR headset app showing nature videos). A total of 3 cognitive exercises were performed in various 360° nature environments delivered via a VR head-mounted display; the participants listened to their preferred music genre. Each patient received 3 sessions of 12 minutes per week for 12 weeks, totaling a minimum of 36 sessions per participant. Attention and working memory (Central Nervous System Vital Signs computerized cognitive battery) were used as primary outcomes, while other cognitive domains in the Central Nervous System Vital Signs battery, quality of life (World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index), health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), and anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder 7-item questionnaire) were the secondary outcomes. The group-by-time interaction was determined using linear mixed models with participants' individual slopes. RESULTS In total, 122 (39%) of the initial 310 participants failed to meet the inclusion criteria, resulting in a recruitment rate of 61% (188/310). Among the participants, 68 successfully completed the intervention and 62 completed the control treatment. The data are currently being analyzed, and we plan to publish the results by the end of September 2024. CONCLUSIONS VR interventions have significant potential among healthy older individuals. VR can address various aspects of well-being by stimulating cognitive functions, promoting physical activity, and facilitating social interaction. However, challenges such as physical discomfort, technology acceptance, safety concerns, and cost must be considered when implementing them for older adults. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effects of VR-based interventions, optimal intervention designs, and the specific populations that would benefit most. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05369897; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05369897. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczepocka
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Mokros
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Kazmierski
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karina Nowakowska
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Łucka
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Antoszczyk
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Javier Oltra-Cucarella
- Senopi AG (Aktiengesellschaft), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Psychology, University Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | | | - Stavros Skouras
- Senopi AG (Aktiengesellschaft), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Mofakhami M, Counil E, Pailhé A. Telework, working conditions, health and wellbeing during the Covid crisis: A gendered analysis. Soc Sci Med 2024; 350:116919. [PMID: 38728975 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telework was massively adopted during the COVID-19 crisis. Related changes in working conditions may have affected women's and men's health differently due to the gendered division of work. Our study aimed to assess the gendered association of telework with physical and mental health outcomes one year after the onset of the pandemic and to determine whether the pathways of working conditions underlying these associations are gender-related. METHODS We compared pre-pandemic and Covid-crisis work contexts using a large representative sample of French employees surveyed in early 2021. We identified potential work-related mediators of the relationship between telework and well-being, i.e., change in autonomy, low support, work overload, digital issues, atypical working time, meaning at work, and work-life balance, and used multiple-matching and adjusting for confounders. RESULTS All things being equal, the health and well-being of teleworkers were, on average, less favourable than that of on-site workers, with little gender differences. The selected working conditions mediated a substantial part of the relationship, indicating that important pathways were captured, such as meaning at work. These pathways partly differed between women and men. In particular, in new teleworkers, the largest contributions came from digital issues for women, and from low support at work and work overload for men. CONCLUSION People who teleworked during the pandemic were at higher odds of deterioration of health and well-being than onsite workers. Health patterns were similar among male and female teleworkers; however, the pathways differed. These negative effects may yet have been absorbed once the government pandemic response became less stringent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malo Mofakhami
- Centre d'économie Paris Nord (CEPN) - UMR CNRS 7234, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord (USPN), Campus Condorcet, 12-16 Rue des Fillettes, 93300, Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Emilie Counil
- Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Campus Condorcet, 9, Cours des Humanités - CS 50004, 93322, Aubervilliers Cedex, France.
| | - Ariane Pailhé
- Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Campus Condorcet, 9, Cours des Humanités - CS 50004, 93322, Aubervilliers Cedex, France.
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Al Mouzakzak F, Abilmona G, Dahdouh O, Hallit S. Validation and optimal cut-off score of the World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO-5) as a screening tool for depression among patients with schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:391. [PMID: 38783217 PMCID: PMC11112932 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of the World Health Organization Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) as rapid screening tool for depression has not yet been researched in the context of schizophrenia. The goals of this study were twofold: (1) to test the psychometric properties of the WHO-5 in a sample of Arabic-speaking patients with schizophrenia from Lebanon, with particular emphasis on validating the WHO-5 as a screening tool for wellbeing and depression in patients with schizophrenia; and (2) to determine the optimal cut-off point to identify schizophrenia patients with depression. METHODS Chronic, remitted patients with schizophrenia took part in this cross-sectional study between August and October 2023 (n = 117; mean age of 57.86 ± 10.88 years and 63.3% males). The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) was included as index of validity. For the validation of the WHO-5 scale, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the original structure of the scale. To assess the discriminatory validity of the Arabic version of the WHO-5 as a screening tool for depression, we conducted a Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, taking the WHO-5 reversed score against the dichotomized CDSS score at a cut off value of 6. RESULTS The results of CFA supported the originally proposed unidimensional structure of the measure, with good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.80), concurrent validity, and cross-sex measurement invariance. The WHO-5 showed a sensitivity of 0.8 and a specificity of 0.7 in the detection of depression with a cut-off point of 9.5. The validity of the WHO-5 as a screening tool for depression was supported by the excellent discrimination AUC value of 0.838. Based on this WHO-5 cut-off value, 42.6% of the patients were screened as having a depression. CONCLUSION The study contributes to the field by showing that the WHO-5 is a concise and convenient self-report measure for quickly screening and monitoring depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. It is therefore highly recommended to apply this cut-off point for screening and follow-up assessments. The current findings will hopefully encourage clinicians and researchers working in Arab settings, who are often confronted with significant time and resource constraints, to start using the WHO-5 to aid their efforts in mitigating depression in this vulnerable population and fostering research in this under-researched area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia.
| | | | | | - Oussama Dahdouh
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities, Effat University, 21478 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
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Abouelenin M, Hu Y. Food insecurity and affective well-being during COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:741-745. [PMID: 38220114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and climate crises have led to unprecedented food insecurity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), with ramifications for people's affective well-being. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between food insecurity and affective well-being in Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, and Egypt, considering varied social protection responses across these countries. METHODS We analyzed data from the COVID-19 MENA Monitor Household Panel Survey (2020-2021) and employed hybrid mixed-effects models to differentiate within-person and between-person associations between food insecurity and affective well-being. RESULTS The findings show that higher food insecurity is associated with worse affective well-being, with significant cross-country differences. In Jordan, where extensive social protection was enacted during the pandemic, there is no significant within- or between-person association between food insecurity and affective well-being. By contrast, significant between-person associations are found in Morocco and Egypt, while within- and between-person associations are evidenced in Tunisia. These associations hold strong after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and household circumstances. LIMITATIONS Given COVID-19 restrictions, the sample was limited to the universe of working-age (18-64) mobile phone users, a demographic that often corresponds to higher levels of education and income. Therefore, the results of this study likely provide conservative estimates of the association between food insecurity and affective well-being in the full population. CONCLUSIONS The findings emphasize the critical role of food security in maintaining affective well-being, particularly in non-Western contexts during global crises. They underline the importance of integrating food security considerations into mental health care strategies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abouelenin
- Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, Bowland North, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom.
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, Bowland North, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom.
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Mick A, Wecker H, Ziehfreund S, Maul JT, Biedermann T, Zink A. Cracking the code: unveiling the nexus between atopic dermatitis and addictive behavior: a cross-sectional exploration of risk factors. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:102. [PMID: 38485839 PMCID: PMC10940371 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) stands as a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder with a global reach. Beyond its cutaneous manifestations, AD is accompanied by comorbidities and psychological issues, significantly compromising the overall quality of life for individuals who suffer from AD. Previous research has evidenced a heightened prevalence of addictive disorders among dermatological patients when compared to the general population. Considering these findings, this study endeavors to examine the prevalence of addictive disorders among AD patients and, furthermore, to discern potential risk factors associated with this comorbidity. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients with AD diagnosed by dermatologists within a large university hospital in Munich, South Germany, between January 2016 and December 2019. Patients received an anonymous paper-based questionnaire comprising standardized and reliable assessment tools concerning disease severity, quality of life, sexual dysfunction, well-being, and anxiety disorder as well as screening tools for various addictive disorders (compulsive internet use, drug abuse, pathological alcohol consumption, and smoking). Data were analyzed descriptively, and a multivariate logistic regression model was conducted. A total of 208 patients participated in the study, comprising 38% males and 62% females with a mean age of 44.8 ± standard deviation:17.9 years. Females showed a higher mean POEM (Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure) score compared to males (female 14.6 ± 7.8; male 12.5 ± 7.7), as well as a higher DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) (female 8.5 ± 6; male 6.5 ± 6.5). Positive addictions were found in 14.9% for daily smoking, 15.4% for critical alcohol consumption, 16.8% for compulsive internet use, and 5.8% for drug abuse. Younger patients were more likely to be affected by one or multiple addictions than older patients. Patients with at least one addiction showed significantly impaired well-being and increased severe anxiety symptoms. Given the notable prevalence of addictive disorders among individuals with AD, it could be useful to implement systematic screening for such conditions as part of patient-centered care, especially focusing on young AD patients or those displaying concurrent indications of depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Mick
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Wecker
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ziehfreund
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia-Tatjana Maul
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Zink
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802, Munich, Germany.
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Vallath AL, Sivasubramanian BP, Ravikumar DB, Lalendran A, Krishnan S, Samanta S, Banerjee S, Das T, Kundu R, Richharia V, More R, Khithani M, Nazimudeen S, Gunturu S, Dasgupta I. The importance of rapid assessment tools in evaluating mental health in emergency departments among patients with chronic diseases. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1258749. [PMID: 38496389 PMCID: PMC10940474 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1258749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid screening tools such as the WHO well-being Index (WWBI), Six-item screener (SIS), and the CLOX-1 test can be used to assess overall mental health and cognition, respectively. We sought to evaluate mental health with cognition in individuals with chronic diseases and stable vital signs presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). Methods An observational study in the ED with 279 participants was conducted. Results Chronic diseases were more prevalent among 51-70 years (43.4%) and diabetes was most common (58.8%). Fever (22.6%) and GI bleeding (32.6%) presentation were high. Participants with low WWBI had low SIS compared to the ones with higher scores (83.3% vs. 17.7%, p < 0.001) and also had low CLOX-1 compared to ones with high CLOX-1 (67.3% vs. 5%, <0.001). A positive correlation between WWBI with SIS (correlation coefficient = 0.305, p < 0.001) and CLOX-1 (0.441, <0.001). Regression analysis indicates a positive association between WWBI and the SIS (standardized regression coefficient = 0.187, 95%CI = 0.236-1.426, and p = 0.006) and CLOX 1 (0.338, 0.2-0.463, <0.001). Conclusion In the ED, the evaluation of mental health even among cognitive impaired is feasible and crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Lal Vallath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Akshita Lalendran
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Sudeshna Samanta
- BBA Hospital Management, George Group of Colleges, Kolkata, India
| | - Snigda Banerjee
- Clinical Pharmacology and Research, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Tania Das
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Ritwick Kundu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Vyom Richharia
- Department of Public Health, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Ravisha More
- National AIDS Research Center, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sahana Nazimudeen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Sasidhar Gunturu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Indraneel Dasgupta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Peerless Hospital and BK Roy Research Center, Kolkata, India
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Yi JS, Im EO. The Influence of Workplace Violence, Psychosocial Working Conditions on Depressive Symptoms Among Female Workers in South Korea. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:232-239. [PMID: 38482604 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241237812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Workers' depression is an important issue, with the prevalence higher in women than in men. This study aimed to identify the effects of workplace violence exposure and psychosocial working conditions on depressive symptoms in female workers in South Korea. This study included 15 605 female wageworkers who participated in the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Logistic regression analyses were implemented to identify the factors that affected their depression. The female workers reported increased frequency of symptoms of depression when there was humiliating behavior from co-workers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.999) or physical violence from clients (aOR = 1.609). In psychosocial working environments, they reported a greater frequency of depressive symptoms with high quantitative demands (aOR = 1.498), high emotional demands (aOR = 1.085), lower colleague's support (aOR = 1.566), or lack of support from supervisors at the workplace (aOR = 1.707). An emphasis should be put on preventing humiliating behaviors from co-workers as well as violence from clients in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Seon Yi
- College of Nursing, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ok Im
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Keyan D, Habashneh R, Akhtar A, El-Dardery H, Faroun M, Abualhaija A, Aqel IS, Dardas LA, Bryant R. Evaluating a stepped care model of psychological support for adults affected by adversity: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in Jordan. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078091. [PMID: 38413156 PMCID: PMC10900353 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of common mental disorders in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is growing with little known about how to allocate limited resources to reach the greatest number of people undergoing instances of significant psychological distress. We present a study protocol for a multicentre, parallel-group, superiority, randomised controlled trial. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Adults with significant psychological distress (K10 score ≥20) will be randomised to receive a stepped care programme involving a self-guided course (Doing What Matters) followed by a more intensive group programme (Problem Management Plus) or the self-guided course alone, both of which will take place in addition to enhanced treatment as usual comprising of a follow-up referral session to available services within the community. We will include 800 participants. An intent-to-treat and completer analysis will explore the impact of the stepped model of care on anxiety and depression symptoms (as measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist; HSCL-25) at 24 weeks from baseline. Secondary outcomes include positive psychological well-being, agency, changes in patient-identified problems, quality of life and cost-effectiveness. Linear mixed models will be used to assess the differential impact of the conditions over time. Analyses will focus on the primary outcome (HSCL-25) and secondary outcomes (agency subscale, WHO Well-Being Index, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule V.2.0, EQ-5D, Psychological Outcomes Profiles Scale) for both conditions, with the main outcome time point being the 3-month follow-up, relative to baseline. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This will be the first randomised controlled trial to assess the benefits of a stepped model of care to addressing psychological distress in a LMIC setting. Results will provide important insights for managing limited resources to mental healthcare in these settings and will be accordingly disseminated to service providers and organisations via professional training and meetings, and via publication in relevant journals and conference presentations. We will also present these findings to the Jordanian Ministry of Health, where this institute will guide us on the most appropriate format for communication of findings, including written reports, verbal presentations and/or brochures. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Jordan School of Nursing Research Ethics Committee (number: PF.22.10). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12621000189820p; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani Keyan
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Bryant
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Yang YJ, Lee J. Association between depressive symptoms and employment type of Korean workers: the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:93. [PMID: 38178074 PMCID: PMC10768360 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed the association between depressive symptoms and employment type, by considering both socioeconomic status and job stress factors. METHODS We analyzed 27,369 participants (13,134 men and 14,235 women) using data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. The participants were divided into regular and precarious workers. Depressive symptoms were defined using the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between depressive symptoms and employment type. RESULTS Of the participants, 71.53% (N = 19578) were regular workers and 28.47% (N = 7791) were precarious workers. The weighted frequencies of participants with depressive symptoms (42.50%) were significantly higher than those of precarious workers (32.54%, p < 0.001). In the univariate and multivariate analyses, precarious workers had a significantly higher risk of depressive symptoms than regular workers (odds ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-1.64; OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.26, respectively). The significant association between depressive symptoms and precarious workers has also been reflected in propensity score matched participants through crude and multivariate analysis (OR 1.54 [95% CI 1.43-1.66] and OR 1.15 [95% CI 1.04-1.26], respectively). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that precarious workers may have a higher risk of depressive symptoms than regular workers. However, this is only a cross-sectional study. Therefore, further study is required to investigate the relevance association between depressive symptoms and employment types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Yang
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea.
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Gritzka S, Angerer P, Diebig M. The Mediating Role of Fear of COVID-19 in the Association between COVID-19-Related Work Stressors and Subjective Well-being: Path Analysis by Cross-sectional Evidence in the Child Care Sector across Three Samples. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:78-91. [PMID: 37853666 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 has changed work conditions and instilled fear. However, research overlooked the contributing factors to fear of COVID-19 and its impact on well-being. We addressed this research gap and focused on the essential workforce of child care. METHODS Three samples of early childhood professionals (ECPs) ( NT1 = 423, NT2 = 142, NT3 = 584) were gathered in Germany between June 2020 and May 2021. We tested via path analysis whether (1) fear of COVID-19 relates to well-being, (2) COVID-19-related work stressors relate to fear of COVID-19, and (3) fear of COVID-19 mediates the relationship of work stressors and well-being. RESULTS Findings of N T1 and N T3 lent support, while results of N T2 differed. CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the importance of adapting the work conditions during pandemics to reduce the fear of infection and thus preserve ECPs' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Gritzka
- From the Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, Centre for Health and Society (CHS), Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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Partinen E, Ylikoski A, Sieminski M, Partinen M. Impact of REM Sleep Behavior and Sleep Talking on Mortality in Parkinson's Disease. Cureus 2024; 16:e52565. [PMID: 38249652 PMCID: PMC10800163 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a prodromal marker for Parkinson's disease (PD) and other alpha-synucleinopathies. Sleep talking (ST) is an isolated symptom and is frequent in PD and RBD. Here, we investigate the associations of ST and RBD with the mortality of PD patients. Patients and methods A total of 1,500 PD patients were randomly selected from the registry of the Finnish Parkinson's Association. Of the 855 that participated at baseline, 645 gave permission for follow-up studies. We gathered a completely filled sleep questionnaire and mortality information from 384 subjects. The Nelson-Aalen test and Cox hazard ratios (HR) were used for mortality analyses. Results The mean follow-up time was 4.3 years (0.3-7.0). PD patients with RBD or frequent ST had more non-motor symptoms. Depression, hallucinations, constipation, and excessive daytime sleepiness were more prevalent among subjects with RBD. Subjects with RBD and frequent ST (talking in their sleep ≥ once per week) had increased mortality (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.18-3.06). RBD without frequent ST was not associated with mortality (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.4-1.5). Frequent ST was associated with increased mortality when adjusted for age, PD duration, depression, gender, RBD, BMI, and hallucinations (HR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.10-4.51). Additionally, age, duration of PD, arterial hypertension, and lower BMI were associated with increased mortality. Male gender, dopaminergic medication, depression, and hallucinations were not significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions RBD with frequent ST and ST alone appear to be risk factors for mortality in PD. Frequent ST may be a sign representing wider neurodegeneration. RBD subjects and frequent sleep talkers demonstrated more non-motor symptoms compared to PD without RBD or ST. Our findings have clinical implications. It remains to be seen if frequent ST indicates a poorer prognosis. Prospective studies are needed to find whether frequent ST is also a risk factor for developing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eemil Partinen
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN
- Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Terveystalo Healthcare, Helsinki, FIN
| | - Ari Ylikoski
- Department of Neurology, Social Insurance Institution of Finland (KELA), Helsinki, FIN
| | | | - Markku Partinen
- Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Vitalmed Research Center, Helsinki, FIN
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN
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12
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Krotz A, Sosnowsky-Waschek N, Bechtel S, Neumann C, Lohkamp M, Kovacs G, Genser B, Fischer JE. Reducing sick leave, improving work ability, and quality of life in patients with mild to moderate Long COVID through psychosocial, physiotherapeutic, and nutritive supportive digital intervention (MiLoCoDaS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:798. [PMID: 38066618 PMCID: PMC10709981 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, a relevant proportion of patients suffer from persistent or recurring sequela, even after initially mild primary illness. Many patients experience exhaustion and fatigue, rendering them incapable of working. Long COVID exerts a substantial burden on society and the healthcare system: at least 65 million people are currently affected worldwide. The underlying pathobiology is a complex derangement in several organ systems. To date, causal pharmaceutical therapies remain elusive. Waiting lists for specialist care are long. Rapidly scalable digital interventions offering support for the frequent subgroup of patients with mild to moderate impairment from Long COVID are urgently needed. The MiLoCoDaS study compares three intensities of a potentially rapidly scalable digital intervention aiming to accelerate recovery. The overall objective is to figure out if there is a difference in the effect sizes between these modalities. METHODS The online intervention uses a learning platform (LMS, TYPO3 framework) comprising 12 sessions of medical, psychological, physiotherapeutic, and nutritional content. The three modalities differ as follows: patient information only (sham intervention, control), information plus interactive digital workbook including practical exercises (digital intervention), and the digital workbook augmented by once-weekly online seminars and discussion groups (person and peer-contact). Eligible patients are 18-67 years old satisfying Long COVID diagnostic criteria. Patients are recruited through primary care physicians and randomly allocated. The primary endpoint is the number of sick leave days during the 6-month observation period; secondary endpoints are patient-reported symptoms, quality of life, and work ability. The study size provides a power of 80% at a type I error of < 0.05 to show an effect size of Cohen = 0.3 between the augmented and the sham intervention (N = 152 per arm, total accounting for attrition N = 600). DISCUSSION If one of the two interventions is superior to providing information alone, MiLoCoDaS would provide the starting point for a rapidly scalable digital intervention for the frequent and currently underserved patient group with mild to moderate impairment from Long COVID. Several caveats pertain to the heterogeneity of Long COVID manifestation and duration prior to inclusion. It is conceivable that the possible effect of the intervention may differ across subgroups. Therefore, a priori defined secondary analysis will be conducted. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00028964. Registered on 24 August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Krotz
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Division of General Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nadia Sosnowsky-Waschek
- School of Applied Psychology, SRH University of Applied Sciences Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bechtel
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Division of General Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Neumann
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Division of General Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monika Lohkamp
- School of Therapeutic Sciences, SRH University of Applied Sciences Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Department of Applied Digital Product Development, SRH Berlin University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Joachim E Fischer
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Division of General Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Wessa M, Domke-Wolf M, Jungmann SM. Dissociation of Implicit and Explicit Interpretation Bias: The Role of Depressive Symptoms and Negative Cognitive Schemata. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1620. [PMID: 38137068 PMCID: PMC10742311 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A negative interpretation bias appears to depend on several depression-related state and trait characteristics, most notably depressive symptoms, negative mood, and negative cognitive schemas. While empirical findings for explicitly assessed interpretation bias are rather consistent, implicit measures have revealed heterogeneous results. In this context, we present two studies investigating the relationship between implicit and explicit interpretation bias and depression- and anxiety-related state and trait variables. In the first study, we conducted an implicit ambiguous cue-conditioning task (ACCT) with 113 young, healthy individuals. In the second study, we utilized an explicit ambiguous social situations task (DUCTUS) with 113 young, healthy individuals. Additionally, a subsample of 46 participants completed both the ACCT and DUCTUS tasks to directly relate the two bias scores obtained from the implicit and explicit assessment methods, respectively. In the first study, regression analysis revealed no significant predictors for the implicit interpretation bias. However, in the second study, the explicit negative interpretation bias was significantly predicted by female gender, depressive symptoms, and dysfunctional cognitive schemas. For the subsample that completed both tasks, we observed no significant correlation between the two bias scores obtained from the ACCT and DUCTUS. These results suggest that implicit and explicit interpretation biases are differently associated with depression-related trait and state characteristics, indicating that they represent different aspects of biased information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Wessa
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Research Group Wessa, Leibniz-Institute of Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mila Domke-Wolf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Jungmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
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14
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Johnsen NF, Jensen SN, Christensen KB, Pedersen SS, Helmark C, Zwisler AD, Gislason GH. Screening for anxiety and depression in clinical practice: translating scores from World Health Organization-5/Anxiety Symptom Scale-2/Major Depression Inventory-2 to Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1689-1701. [PMID: 37235731 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate if a combination of World Health Organization-5 (WHO-5), Anxiety Symptom Scale-2 (ASS-2), and Major Depression Inventory-2 (MDI-2) can replace the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as screening tool for anxiety and depression in cardiac patients across diagnoses and whether it is feasible to generate crosswalks (translation tables) for use in clinical practice. METHODS AND RESULTS We used data from the Danish 'Life with a heart disease' survey, in which 10 000 patients with a hospital contact and discharge diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, heart valve disease, or atrial fibrillation in 2018 were invited. Potential participants received an electronic questionnaire including 51 questions on health, well-being, and evaluation of the health care system. Crosswalks between WHO-5/ASS-2 and HADS anxiety dimension (HADS-A) and between WHO-5/MDI-2 and HADS depression dimension (HADS-D) were generated and tested using item response theory (IRT). A total of 4346 patients responded to HADS, WHO-5, ASS-2, and MDI-2. Model fit of the bi-factor IRT models illustrated appropriateness of a bi-factor structure and thus of essential uni-dimensionality [root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (P value) range 0.000-0.053 (0.0099-0.7529) for anxiety and 0.033-0.061 (0.0168-0.2233) for depression]. A combination of WHO-5 and ASS-2 measured the same trait as HADS-A, and a combination of WHO-5 and MDI-2 measured the same trait as HADS-D. Consequently, crosswalks (translation tables) were generated. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that it is feasible to use crosswalks between HADS-A and WHO-5/ASS-2 and HADS-D and WHO-5/MDI-2 for screening cardiac patients across diagnoses for anxiety and depression in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Føns Johnsen
- Analysis and Research, The Danish Heart Foundation, Vognmagergade 7.3, Copenhagen 1120, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Normann Jensen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl Bang Christensen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne S Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, REHPA, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Helmark
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ann-Dorthe Zwisler
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, REHPA, Odense, Denmark
- The Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, Odense University Hospital, Nyborg, Denmark
| | - Gunnar H Gislason
- Analysis and Research, The Danish Heart Foundation, Vognmagergade 7.3, Copenhagen 1120, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Bautista TG, Roman G, Khan M, Lee M, Sahbaz S, Duthely LM, Knippenberg A, Macias-Burgos MA, Davidson A, Scaramutti C, Gabrilove J, Pusek S, Mehta D, Bredella MA. What is well-being? A scoping review of the conceptual and operational definitions of occupational well-being. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e227. [PMID: 38028344 PMCID: PMC10643923 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-being is a multifaceted construct that is used across disciplines to portray a state of wellness, health, and happiness. While aspects of well-being seem universal, how it is depicted in the literature has substantial variation. The aim of this scoping review was to identify conceptual and operational definitions of well-being within the field of occupational health. Broad search terms were used related to well-being and scale/assessment. Inclusion criteria were (1) peer-reviewed articles, (2) published in English, (3) included a measure of well-being in the methods and results section of the article, and (4) empirical paper. The searches resulted in 4394 articles, 3733 articles were excluded by reading the abstract, 661 articles received a full review, and 273 articles were excluded after a full review, leaving 388 articles that met our inclusion criteria and were used to extract well-being assessment information. Many studies did not define well-being or link their conceptual definition to the operational assessment tool being used. There were 158 assessments of well-being represented across studies. Results highlight the lack of a consistent definitions of well-being and standardized measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gretchen Roman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Munziba Khan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michele Lee
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Pusek
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, St. Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Ørbo MC, Grønli OK, Larsen C, Vangberg TR, Friborg O, Turi Z, Mittner M, Csifcsak G, Aslaksen PM. The antidepressant effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS): study protocol for a randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:627. [PMID: 37784199 PMCID: PMC10546766 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) when applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to be equally effective and safe to treat depression compared to traditional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) paradigms. This protocol describes a funded single-centre, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled, clinical trial to investigate the antidepressive effects of iTBS and factors associated with an antidepressive response. METHODS In this trial, outpatients (N = 96, aged 22-65 years) meeting the diagnostic criteria for at least moderate depression (Montgomery and Aasberg Depression Rating Scale score ≥ 20) will be enrolled prospectively and receive ten, once-a-day sessions of either active iTBS or sham iTBS to the left DLPFC, localized via a neuronavigation system. Participants may have any degree of treatment resistance. Prior to stimulation, participants will undergo a thorough safety screening and a brief diagnostic assessment, genetic analysis of brain-derived neurotropic factor, 5-HTTLPR and 5-HT1A, and cerebral MRI assessments. A selection of neuropsychological tests and questionnaires will be administered prior to stimulation and after ten stimulations. An additional follow-up will be conducted 4 weeks after the last stimulation. The first participant was enrolled on June 4, 2022. Study completion will be in December 2027. The project is approved by the Regional Ethical Committee of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Norway, project number 228765. The trial will be conducted according to Good Clinical Practice and published safety guidelines on rTMS treatment. DISCUSSION The aims of the present trial are to investigate the antidepressive effect of a 10-session iTBS protocol on moderately depressed outpatients and to explore the factors that can explain the reduction in depressive symptoms after iTBS but also a poorer response to the treatment. In separate, but related work packages, the trial will assess how clinical, cognitive, brain imaging and genetic measures at baseline relate to the variability in the antidepressive effects of iTBS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05516095. Retrospectively registered on August 25, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Christine Ørbo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Huginbakken 32, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway.
| | - Ole K Grønli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Camilla Larsen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Huginbakken 32, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torgil R Vangberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Huginbakken 32, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway
| | - Zsolt Turi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Mittner
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Huginbakken 32, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway
| | - Gabor Csifcsak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Huginbakken 32, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway
| | - Per M Aslaksen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Huginbakken 32, Tromsø, N-9037, Norway
- Regional Centre for Eating Disorders, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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17
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Zrnić Novaković I, Streicher A, Ajduković D, Ajduković M, Kiralj Lacković J, Lotzin A, Lueger-Schuster B. Trajectories of Adjustment Disorder and Well-Being in Austria and Croatia during 20 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6861. [PMID: 37835131 PMCID: PMC10572495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the trajectories of adjustment disorder (AD) symptoms and well-being over 20 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria and Croatia. Further objectives of this study were to examine whether sociodemographic characteristics and the symptoms of anxiety and depression could predict these trajectories. As part of the pan-European ESTSS ADJUST study, N = 1144 individuals were recruited using convenience sampling and assessed four times between June 2020 and January 2022 through an online survey. Latent growth curve modelling was applied to estimate the trajectories of AD symptoms and well-being. Over time, the prevalence of probable AD varied between 9.8% and 15.1%. The symptoms of AD tended to increase, whereas well-being tended to decrease. According to the majority of the models tested, women, participants from Austria and those with lower income had higher initial AD symptoms, whereas older participants and those from Croatia had higher initial well-being. In all models and at all timepoints, anxiety and depression significantly predicted AD and well-being scores. Overall, our study points to several predictors of AD and well-being and indicates high variability in people's reactions to the pandemic. Psychosocial support for the general population is needed during pandemics and similar crises, with a special focus on vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zrnić Novaković
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (B.L.-S.)
| | - Alina Streicher
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (B.L.-S.)
| | - Dean Ajduković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.A.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Marina Ajduković
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jana Kiralj Lacković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.A.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Lueger-Schuster
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (B.L.-S.)
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18
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Wan J, Liu L, Chen Y, Zhang T, Huang J. Psychological resilience matters in the relationship between the decline in economic status and adults' depression half a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1239437. [PMID: 37743994 PMCID: PMC10513423 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1239437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective The outbreak of COVID-19 in China since 2019 has had a significant impact on the mental health of people in Hubei Province during the three-year pandemic period. Therefore, studying the prevalence of depression among the population of Hubei Province since the pandemic is of great significance. Methods Based on opportunity and stress theory, we collected provincial-level data from Hubei (N = 3,285) to examine the impact of declining economic status on depressive symptoms and to investigate the moderating effect of psychological resilience during the period of economic adjustment. Results We used propensity score matching to estimate the treatment effect of economic status decline on depression severity and confirmed the moderating effect of psychological resilience. We found that the more that an individual's economic status declines, the more severe that his or her depressive symptoms become. Specifically, each unit decrease in economic status is associated with an increase of approximately 0.117 units in depression level. In addition, our results indicated that psychological resilience significantly moderated the relationship between economic decline and depression (-0.184*). Conclusions and implications Our study confirms the role of economic status in depressive symptoms. Compared with traditional research on the relationship between economic status and mental illness, this paper expands the research regarding the two in the context of a major public health emergency. Furthermore, we suggest ways to improve people's mental health following the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wan
- School of Economics and Resource Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianchen Zhang
- College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Sociology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Björkman M, Danielsson L. Belief, hope and help from others: a qualitative study on what facilitates physical activity in people with depression. Physiother Theory Pract 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37639339 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2251051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, there are more than 264 million people with depression, which is the second-leading cause of years lived with disability. Physical activity can be useful in both preventing and treating mild to moderate depression, but few studies have explored patients' experience of physical activity. PURPOSE To explore experiences of facilitators to initiate and maintain regular physical activity in people with depression. METHODS Adults of working age with mild to moderate depression participated in semi-structured interviews. Two researchers analyzed the data using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Four categories were identified: 1) Getting over the threshold; 2) Hoping for improvement; 3) A wish to be independent but needing help; and 4) Feeling safe on one's own terms. CONCLUSION The results indicate that knowledge and personal experience of how physical activity affects well-being, and an environment including social support, increase the possibilities for people with depression to initiate and maintain physical activity. To promote physical activity, it is important to be receptive to the person's experiences, desires, and needs and to involve them in the planning and adjustment of physical activity. Follow-up appointments, a stepwise approach, and encouragement are important to increase motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Danielsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Reich A, Weiß A, Lindner L, Baraliakos X, Poddubnyy D, Zinke S, Stille C, Strangfeld A, Regierer AC. Depressive symptoms are associated with fatigue, poorer functional status and less engagement in sports in axSpA and PsA: an analysis from the RABBIT-SpA cohort. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:136. [PMID: 37533077 PMCID: PMC10394807 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA), concomitant depression might have a negative impact on the course of disease and treatment outcomes. The aims of this analysis are to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in axSpA and PsA patients in a real-world cohort study and to identify sociodemographic and clinical associated factors for moderate or severe depressive symptoms in both diseases. METHODS Patients from the RABBIT-SpA cohort with an axSpA or PsA diagnosis and a valid WHO-5 Well-Being Index score at baseline were included. A descriptive analysis of baseline and outcome parameters by category of depressive symptoms was performed and factors associated with the presence of depressive symptoms (moderate or severe) were examined in a logistic regression. RESULTS Two thousand four hundred seventy patients (1,245 axSpA; 1,225 PsA) were included in the analysis. In both diagnoses, the proportion of patients with moderate depressive symptoms was 8% and 21% with severe symptoms. Patients with moderate or severe depressive symptoms were less likely to engage in sports than those with no or mild depressive symptoms, had more comorbidities and higher scores for disease activity, functional limitations, fatigue, and pain and took more analgesics. In axSpA, patients with a higher disease activity, a greater functional impairment and more severe fatigue were more likely to experience depressive symptoms, while patients with more years in education and engaging in sports for at least 1 h/week were less likely to experience depressive symptoms. PsA patients with a greater functional impairment and more severe fatigue were more likely to experience depressive symptoms while those engaging in sports for at least 1 h/week were less likely to experience depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION We confirmed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in both PsA and axSpA. Factors negatively associated with the presence of depressive symptoms were fatigue, not engaging in sports, and greater functional limitations. Depressive symptoms may affect the perception of disease activity / severity by patients. Thus, depressive symptoms are an important condition in axSpA and PsA that should be considered when evaluating disease activity and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reich
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Weiß
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Lindner
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xenofon Baraliakos
- Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany
| | - Denis Poddubnyy
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja Strangfeld
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne C. Regierer
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
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Gómez-Penedo JM, Babl A, Dyresen A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Flückiger C, Grosse Holtforth M. Problem mastery and motivational clarification as mechanisms of change in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2023; 167:104343. [PMID: 37307656 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In process-outcome research, there is a growing body of literature investigating the therapeutic mechanisms underlying the promotion of positive change. This study investigated the between- and within-patient effects of problem mastery and motivational clarification on outcome in patients receiving two variations of cognitive therapies for depression. METHODS This study drew on data of a randomized controlled trial conducted at an outpatient clinic and included 140 patients randomly assigned to 22 sessions of either cognitive-behavioral therapy or exposure-based cognitive therapy. To address the nested structure of the data and analyze mechanism effects, we used multilevel dynamic structural equations models. RESULTS We found significant within-patient effects of both problem mastery and motivational clarification on subsequent outcome. CONCLUSION The results suggest that changes in problem mastery and motivational clarification precede symptom improvement during cognitive therapy for depressed patients and thus there may be benefit in fostering these putative mechanisms during psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Martín Gómez-Penedo
- Psychology Department, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Lavalle 2353, 1052, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, 8 Binzmühlestr. 14, 8050, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Babl
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Gordon F. Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, 11530-0701, Garden City, United States
| | - Agnete Dyresen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; The Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Javier Fernández-Álvarez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Christoph Flückiger
- Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, 8 Binzmühlestr. 14, 8050, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Grosse Holtforth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Psychosomatic Competence Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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COVID-19 school closures and mental health of adolescent students: Evidence from rural Mozambique. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:100203. [PMID: 36987504 PMCID: PMC10010050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, entailing widespread school closures as well as acute disruptions to household livelihoods, had substantial consequences for adolescent well-being in low-income countries. We present novel evidence about the prevalence of mental health challenges among adolescent students in rural Mozambique using data from an in-person survey conducted in 105 schools in 2021, immediately following the post-pandemic school reopening. In our sample, 31% of students reported low levels of well-being (though only 10% suffer from high anxiety): students enrolled in schools that used a wider variety of distance learning measures and who had more robust social networks reported lower anxiety, while students who experienced household-level disruptions linked to the pandemic reported higher anxiety and lower well-being.
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Zhang X, Zhou S. Building a City with Low Noise Pollution: Exploring the Mental Health Effect Thresholds of Spatiotemporal Environmental Noise Exposure and Urban Planning Solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4222. [PMID: 36901231 PMCID: PMC10001488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urban noise pollution and health hazards have become serious social problems and challenges. Noise prevention and control is the most cost-effective health strategy. However, in urban planning and noise control, reliable evidence is still lacking on individual spatiotemporal environmental noise exposure and its mental health effects. This study used real-time noise exposure data and GPS trackers from 142 volunteers aged 18 to 60 years in Guangzhou, and further analyzed the differences in environmental noise exposure and its mental health impact thresholds under individual spatiotemporal behavior. The results showed that the noise exposure of residents under daily activities has obvious differences in time, space and place. Regarding the threshold relationship between noise exposure and mental health, noise exposure at night, work, personal affairs, travel and sleep activities, as well as at home and work had a threshold effect on residents' mental health. Noise thresholds were 60 dB, 60 dB, and about 34 dB at night, during work or at a workplace, and while sleeping, respectively. The optimal sound environment for personal affairs, traveling, and at home was around 50 dB, 55-70 dB, and 45 dB, respectively. The environmental noise exposure assessment and mental health impact threshold analysis based on the spatial and temporal activities of individuals will provide important reference for government management departments in planning and policy formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- School of Architecture and Planning, Yunnan University, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Suhong Zhou
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou 510275, China
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24
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Scanferla E, de Bienassis K, Pachoud B, Gorwood P. How subjective well-being, patient-reported clinical improvement (PROMs) and experience of care (PREMs) relate in an acute psychiatric care setting? Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e26. [PMID: 36797203 PMCID: PMC10044307 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are increasingly acknowledged as critical tools for enhancing patient-centred, value-based care. However, research is lacking on the impact of using standardized patient-reported indicators in acute psychiatric care. The aim of this study was to explore whether subjective well-being indicators (generic PROMs) are relevant for evaluating the quality of hospital care, distinct from measures of symptom improvement (disease-specific PROMs) and from PREMs. METHODS Two hundred and forty-eight inpatients admitted to a psychiatric university hospital were included in the study between January and June 2021. Subjective well-being was assessed using standardized generic PROMs on well-being, symptom improvement was assessed using standardized disease-specific PROMs, and experience of care using PREMs. PROMs were completed at admission and discharge, PREMs were completed at discharge. Clinicians rated their experience of providing treatment using adapted PREMs items. RESULTS Change in subjective well-being (PROMs) at discharge was significantly (p < 0.001), but moderately (r2 = 28.5%), correlated to improvement in symptom outcomes, and weakly correlated to experience of care (PREMs) (r2 = 11.0%), the latter being weakly explained by symptom changes (r2 = 6.9%). Patients and clinicians assessed the experience of care differently. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the case for routinely measuring patients' subjective well-being to better capture the unmet needs of patients undergoing psychiatric hospital treatment, and the use of standardized patient-reported measures as key indicators of high quality of care across mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Scanferla
- CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, ED 450, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Philip Gorwood
- CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U1266 (Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris), Paris, France
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25
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Development and Validation of an Arabic Version of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5). JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-023-10027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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26
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Toh GW, Koh WL, Ho J, Chia J, Maulod A, Tirtajana I, Yang P, Lee M. Experiences of conflict, non-acceptance and discrimination are associated with poor mental well-being amongst LGBTQ-identified individuals in Singapore. EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/edi-10-2021-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PurposeHealth disparities affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) populations have been reported in many countries. For Singapore, no large quantitative studies on mental health and well-being in the local LGBTQ community have been published. The authors conducted a community-based survey (National LGBT Census Singapore, 2013; NLCS2013) that covered a comprehensive set of demographic, social and health indicators. Here, the authors investigated mental health status and its correlates in 2,350 LGBTQ individuals within the NLCS2013 sample.Design/methodology/approachThe NLCS2013 was an anonymous online survey conducted amongst self-identified LGBTQ adults (aged ≥ 21 years) residing in Singapore. The survey included the World Health Organisation Well-being Index (WHO-5) as a measure of mental well-being, with low WHO 5 scores (<13/25) indicating poor mental well-being. The authors analysed relationships between low WHO-5 score and a range of respondent characteristics using multivariate logistic regression.FindingsStrikingly, 40.9% of 2,350 respondents analysed had low WHO-5 scores, indicating poor mental well-being. Parental non-acceptance, experience of conflict at home and bullying/discrimination in the workplace or educational environments were all significantly associated with poor mental well-being. Conversely, community participation appeared protective for mental well-being, as respondents who participated in LGBTQ community organisations or events were less likely to have poor mental well-being than non-participants.Originality/valueThe NLCS2013 represents one of the first broad-based efforts to comprehensively and quantitatively capture the sociodemographic and health profile, including mental health status, within Singapore’s resident LGBTQ population. These findings affirm the need to address the mental health needs of LGBTQ individuals in Singapore and to foster safe spaces and allyship.
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Pauli R, Gaum PM, Cropley M, Lang J. Antecedents, outcomes and measurement of work related-cognition in non-work time: A multistudy report using the work-related rumination questionnaire in two languages. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1013744. [PMID: 36935958 PMCID: PMC10017545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1013744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the perseverative cognition hypothesis, prolonged activation for example, via work-related rumination impairs recovery and thereby poses a risk to employee health. The extent to which gender, age, occupation or longitudinal stress exposure may alter work-related rumination is an ongoing debate. Whether group or longitudinal comparisons of work-related rumination are valid, however, has never been tested. In this multistudy report, we therefore investigated measurement invariance of the widely used Work-Related Rumination Questionnaire (WRRQ) across gender, age, occupation, and longitudinal measurements by performing secondary analyses of preexisting data on work-related rumination. We examined the psychometric properties of WRRQ measurements in two languages and expand knowledge about the nomological network of affective rumination, problem-solving pondering and detachment in relation to individual employee characteristics (e.g., personality, work engagement, commitment), job stressors (e.g., work intensity, decision latitude, social relations with colleagues and supervisors) and employee health outcomes (e.g., wellbeing, irritation, somatic symptoms). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses showed partial scalar invariance of English and German WRRQ measurements and full scalar invariance across gender, age, occupation and over the period of 1 week (Study 1, n = 2,207). Correlation analyses supported criterion, convergent and discriminant validity of WRRQ measurements (Study 2, n = 4,002). These findings represent a prerequisite for comparisons of work-related cognition across groups and further the understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of different types of work-related cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pauli
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Roman Pauli,
| | - Petra Maria Gaum
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Cropley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Lang
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Videoconferencing-delivered psychological intervention for the treatment of COVID-19 related psychological distress in University students: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in India. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:808. [PMID: 36539730 PMCID: PMC9763790 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been profound. This paper outlines the study protocol for a trial that tests the efficacy of a brief group-based psychological intervention (Coping with COVID; CWC), relative to Supportive Counselling, to reduce distress associated with COVID-19 in a young adult population in Bangalore, India. METHODS A single-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial will be carried out via video conferencing in a small group format. Following informed consent, adults that screen positive for levels of psychological distress (Kessler 10 (K-10 score ≥ 20) and have access to a videoconferencing platform will be randomised to an adapted version of CWC (n = 90) or Supportive Counselling (SC) (n = 90). The primary outcome will be reduction in psychological distress including anxiety and depression at 2-months post treatment. Secondary outcomes include worry, positive wellbeing, and stress in relation to COVID-19. DISCUSSION This treatment trial will assess whether CWC will result in reduced distress relative to Supportive Counselling in a young adult population in Bangalore, India. This study will yield important insights into the role of nonspecific factors versus the intervention's components in impacting COVID-19 related distress. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001064897). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained from the participating institution, CHRIST University in Bangalore. Results of the trial will be submitted for publication in peer reviewed journals and findings presented at scientific conferences and to key service providers and policy makers.
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Torinomi C, Lindenberg K, Möltner A, Herpertz SC, Holm-Hadulla RM. Predictors of Students' Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Coping Strategies, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16423. [PMID: 36554304 PMCID: PMC9778699 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Young people and women seem to suffer more from social restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic than do others. Findings from pre-pandemic surveys identified students as a specific risk group for developing anxiety and depressive symptoms. Recent studies have indicated that students especially denoted a decrease in mental health during the pandemic. In a sample of n = 1938 university students (67.6% female), we investigated protective factors that are associated with mental health (defined as the absence of any mental disorder) and more specifically, the absence of major depression during the pandemic despite social restrictions. Investigated protective factors were social support, sense of coherence and situational coping strategies. The results of the multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that male gender, high sense of coherence and specific coping strategies could be identified to be associated with mental health in general and the absence of major depression. Protective coping strategies that were related to mental health in general were lower substance use, lower behavioral disengagement, higher positive reframing and lower self-blame. Protective coping strategies that were associated with the absence of major depression specifically were higher use of instrumental support, lower substance use, lower behavioral disengagement, higher positive reframing, higher emotional support, lower self-blame and lower humor. Social support was related to the absence of major depression, but not to mental health in general. Higher age in university students was associated with better mental health, but not with the absence of major depression specifically. These findings indicate that sense of coherence and situational coping strategies can buffer the adverse effect of social restrictions on mental health and thus, can serve as important resilience factors. Moreover, they highlight the political relevance of promoting specific coping strategies to foster mental health in students encompassing adverse events and social restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Torinomi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60486 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katajun Lindenberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60486 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Möltner
- Dean’s Office, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine C. Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer M. Holm-Hadulla
- Department of General Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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Mcloughlin C, Abdalla A, O'Callaghan AK, Casey S, Barrett E. The Impact of COVID-19 on Burnout, Psychological Well-being, and Work Satisfaction in Psychiatry Trainees in Ireland. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2022; 46:701-709. [PMID: 35441349 PMCID: PMC9018053 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-022-01633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior to the pandemic, trainee doctors were at higher risk of psychological ill health. There is limited evidence measuring the impact of COVID-19 on psychiatry trainees. This study evaluates levels of burnout, work satisfaction, and psychological well-being in psychiatry junior doctors in Ireland and identifies potential contributing factors. METHODS The authors carried out a cross-sectional online survey measuring demographic and work-related variables. Questions including exposure to COVID-19 and stress-related factors were included. We evaluated burnout, work satisfaction, and psychological well-being using the Abbreviated-Maslach Burnout Inventory, Basic Needs Satisfaction at Work Scale, and WHO-5 Well-being Index. RESULTS One hundred and five doctors responded (21%). The biggest stressor reported was reduced face-to-face contact with family and friends (73%). Forty one percent reported weekly supervision changes. Sixty five percent met the criteria for burnout, compared with 36.2% in 2018. Significant factors associated with burnout included staff shortages, longer hours, and less experience. Changes in supervision and working in non-European Working Time Directive compliant rotas were associated with lower scores across all subdomains of the BNSW Scale. The WHO-5 Well-being Index identified 48% scored low in personal well-being, indicating these trainees met the threshold for depression. Changes in regular supervision (p=0.010) were a significant predictor of low personal well-being. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of burnout and low levels of well-being in this vulnerable cohort, particularly those who are inexperienced, have changes in supervision, and working longer hours is concerning. This study highlights the importance of regular supervision and support for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Casey
- Daughters of Charity Disability Services, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Barrett
- University College Dublin/Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
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Chan L, Liu RKW, Lam TP, Chen JY, Tipoe GL, Ganotice FA. Validation of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among medical educators in Hong Kong: a confirmatory factor analysis. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2022; 27:2044635. [PMID: 35275804 PMCID: PMC8920356 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2044635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the pre-existing global crisis of physician burnout. Physician and particularly medical educator well-being, has come into focus as educators can influence their own and learners' well-being. Measuring this construct is one important step towards promoting well-being in the work and learning environments. The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) has been validated in different populations worldwide for assessing well-being. Yet, its psychometric acceptability remains unexplored among medical educators in Asia including Hong Kong (HK). This study evaluates the validity of the WHO-5 when used among HK medical educators. METHOD Using data from 435 medical educators, we employed combined within-network (confirmatory factor analysis; CFA) and between-network approaches (correlation and regression) to scale validation. RESULTS CFA results indicated that our data fit the a priori WHO-5 model, suggesting structural validity. Results of comparison of means indicated no gender differences, but there were significant differences when participants were compared by age and professional backgrounds. Resilience predicted well-being as measured by the WHO-5, suggesting construct criterion validity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings extend the validity evidence for the WHO-5 to HK medical educators examined in this study. This enables their well-being to be assessed when evaluating the impact of future well-being programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chan
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- CONTACT Linda Chan The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rebecca K. W. Liu
- The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai Pong Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Julie Y. Chen
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - George L. Tipoe
- The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fraide A. Ganotice
- The Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Fraide A. Ganotice
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Hoell A, Kourmpeli E, Dölling D, Horten B, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Dreßing H. Ein Schritt ins Dunkle: Pilotstudie zu Prävalenz, situativem
Kontext und Folgen sexualisierter Gewalt gegen Kinder und Jugendliche in
Deutschland. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2022; 50:182-188. [PMID: 36384223 DOI: 10.1055/a-1960-4795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie war die Erfassung des Ausmaßes sexualisierter
Gewalt gegen Kinder und Jugendliche, der unterschiedlichen Tatkontexte und
Folgen sexualisierter Gewalt.
Methodik Es wurde eine Zufallsstichprobe aus einer städtischen
Bevölkerung (18–69 Jahre) erhoben, die zum aktuellen
Wohlbefinden, zu Hilfsangeboten für Kinder und Jugendliche bei
sexualisierter Gewalt und zu Erfahrungen mit sexualisierter Gewalt im Kindes-
und Jugendalter mittels einer Hybridumfrage befragt wurden.
Ergebnisse Der Rücklauf betrug n=159 (17,3%). Es
gaben 18,2% an, mindestens einmal in der Kindheit oder Jugend Opfer
sexualisierter Gewalt geworden zu sein. Davon berichteten 34,5% zum
ersten Mal von diesen Ereignissen. Das psychische Wohlbefinden war in der Gruppe
der von sexualisierter Gewalt Betroffenen signifikant geringer. Die Kenntnis zu
Hilfsangeboten war bei allen Teilnehmenden eher gering.
Schlussfolgerung Die gewählte Methode ließe sich im Rahmen
einer bundesweiten repräsentativen Befragung anwenden, um Einblicke in
das Dunkelfeld der sexualisierten Gewalt zu geben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoell
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut
für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eirini Kourmpeli
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut
für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dieter Dölling
- Institut für Kriminologie, Universität Heidelberg,
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Horten
- Institut für Kriminologie, Universität Heidelberg,
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut
für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Dreßing
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut
für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany
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Mitchell AM, Heitz HK, Leach SM, Berghuis KJ. Material circumstances, health care access, and self-reported health: A latent class analysis. J Health Psychol 2022; 28:675-689. [DOI: 10.1177/13591053221132899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent class analysis was used to explore intersections of material circumstances and health care access among 308 adults, and associations between classes with health outcomes. Good fit was found for a four-class model: Resource Stable (Class 1, 62.43%), Unbalanced Meals with Health Care (Class 2, 16.91%), Resource Insecurity with Delayed Health Care (Class 3, 14.75%), and Resource Stability without Access to Health Care (Class 4, 5.91%). Class 1 reported greater well-being and self-rated health than Class 2 and 3. Class 1 reported lower BMI than Class 2. Findings document intersections among economic marginalization indicators with varying health outcomes among classes.
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Almeida LC, Grilo A, Carolino E, Tomás MT. Relationship between physical activity levels of Portuguese physical therapists and mental health during a COVID-19 pandemic: Being active is the key. Front Public Health 2022; 10:986158. [PMID: 36388292 PMCID: PMC9665837 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.986158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity is essential for a healthy life and quality of life, representing a fundamental role in individuals' physical and mental health. Concomitantly, the physical therapist, through the promotion of physical activity and exercise, can improve mental health, an essential factor in the current pandemic, triggering anxiety, fear, and depression crisis. Objective To verify physical activity among Portuguese physical therapists and its association with mental health during pandemic times. Methods An online questionnaire was applied through social media to all Portuguese physical therapists between October 21, 2021, and January 14, 2022. It contained general characterization questions of the sample, the IPAQ-SF questionnaire to assess physical activity levels, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), which assesses the levels of mental health and the WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5) to assess the subjective wellbeing. Results The sample totaled 286 respondents (82% female), with a mean age of 33. Of the total answers, 82% practiced physical activity, 45% had moderate levels of physical activity, and 19% vigorous. Physical therapists in these categories had lower values in the GHQ-28 and higher in the WHO-5. Those with better mental health also showed better subjective wellbeing (r = -0.571, p = 0.000). Conclusion The data obtained showed that physical therapists mostly have moderate and vigorous levels of physical activity and that physical activity positively influences individuals' mental health and wellbeing, which proved to be a key factor due to the pandemic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cristina Almeida
- Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados de Portel—Unidade de Média Duração e Reabilitação e Unidade de Longa Duração e Manutenção, Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Portel, Portel, Portugal,ESTeSL – Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,*Correspondence: Laura Cristina Almeida
| | - Ana Grilo
- H&TRC – Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL – Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- H&TRC – Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL – Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Tomás
- H&TRC – Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL – Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Avraam G, Samakouri M, Tzikos A, Arvaniti A. High Expressed Emotion and Warmth among Families of Patients with Schizophrenia in Greece. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101957. [PMID: 36292404 PMCID: PMC9602413 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Expressed emotion (EE) is an established prognostic factor for relapse in schizophrenia. Through critical comments (CC), hostility (H) and emotional overinvolvement (EOI), a relative can be rated as high or low EE, but the role of warmth should also be evaluated in order to consider the influence of a positive affect within the family context. In this study, EE was assessed in a sample of 48 relatives of patients with schizophrenia using the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI). Questionnaires assessing coping (brief-COPE), their wellbeing (World Health Organization Well-Being Index WHO-5) and the socio-demographic variables were also administered. Relatives who expressed a higher level of warmth were found to make fewer CC (5.2 ± 4.6 vs. 8.4 ± 4.6, p = 0.009) and have, on average, higher EOI scores (3.2 ± 1.0 vs. 1.9 ± 1.1, p = 0.002) than those who expressed no or very little warmth. High EE was found to be associated with having fewer family members (p = 0.035), while relatives with a higher level of education expressed less warmth (p = 0.007). Relatives with a low level of warmth had higher maladaptive coping scores and tended to score worse for their overall wellbeing in comparison to relatives who showed a higher level of warmth (28.4 ± 5.0 vs. 24.1 ± 5.2, p = 0.006 and 39.1 ± 20.4 vs. 51.3 ± 22.0, p = 0.073, respectively). Since the role of warmth is important, it should be taken into account when designing family interventions, independently from lowering EE. Customized interventions to promote warmth and the routine screening of relatives are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Avraam
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-69-4252-0100
| | - Maria Samakouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anthimos Tzikos
- Department of Psychiatry, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Arvaniti
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Nylén-Eriksen M, Bjørnnes AK, Hafstad H, Lie I, Grov EK, Lara-Cabrera ML. Validating the Five-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11489. [PMID: 36141760 PMCID: PMC9517039 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Research on the psychological well-being of caregivers of children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) suggests that the well-being of parents and caregivers has been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the psychological well-being of caregivers is a major concern, few validated well-being measures exist for caregivers of children diagnosed with ADHD. Therefore, a valid self-report scale is needed to assess well-being during the pandemic. The brief Five-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) has previously been used in studies on caregivers. However, its validity in this population remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the WHO-5 with caregivers of children with ADHD. Methods: A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted in Norway. The study recruited caregivers from a community sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was carried out to investigate the construct validity by exploring the relationship between well-being, quality of life, social support, self-reported psychological distress, and perceived stress. Results: The findings of unidimensionality and high internal consistency, together with the results from the hypothesis testing, demonstrate the reliability and construct validity of the Norwegian version of the WHO-5 in this population. Conclusions: This study provides the first empirical evidence of the validity and reliability of the WHO-5 from a sample of Norwegian caregivers of children diagnosed with ADHD, with excellent reliability and construct validity. The scale can be used to systematize the measurement of well-being in caregivers because of its brevity and good psychometric properties, making it a valuable resource in research settings and assisting healthcare professionals in their crucial work of caring for caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Nylén-Eriksen
- Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann Kristin Bjørnnes
- Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Hafstad
- Vårres Regional User-Led Center Mid-Norway, 7010 Trondheim, Norway or
| | - Irene Lie
- Center for Patient-Centered Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 2815 Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Ellen Karine Grov
- Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Nidelv Community Mental Health Centre, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
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Carrozzino D, Christensen KS, Patierno C, Woźniewicz A, Møller SB, Arendt IMTP, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Sasaki N, Nishi D, Berrocal Montiel C, Ceccatelli S, Mansueto G, Cosci F. Cross-cultural validity of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index and Euthymia Scale: A clinimetric analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:276-283. [PMID: 35609763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of psychological well-being and euthymia represents an emerging issue in clinical psychology and psychiatry. Rating scales and indices such as the 5-item version of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and the Euthymia Scale (ES) were developed but insufficient attention has been devoted to the evaluation of their cross-cultural validity. This is the first study using Clinimetric Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (CLIPROM) criteria to assess cross-cultural validity and sensitivity of five different versions of the WHO-5 and ES. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional study involving a total of 3762 adult participants from different European (i.e., Italy, Poland, Denmark) and non-European (i.e., China, Japan) countries was conducted. Item Response Theory models (Mokken and Rasch analyses) were applied. RESULTS Mokken coefficients of scalability were found to range from 0.42 to 0.84. The majority of the versions of the WHO-5 fitted the Rasch model expectations. Paired t-tests revealed that the Italian and Danish WHO-5 versions were unidimensional. Person Separation Reliability indices showed that the Polish, Danish, and Japanese ES versions could reliably discriminate between subjects with different levels of euthymia. LIMITATIONS A convenience sampling was used, thus limiting the generalizability of study findings. In addition, no measures of negative mental health were administered. CONCLUSIONS WHO-5 can be used in international studies for cross-cultural comparisons since it covers transcultural components of subjective well-being. Findings also suggest that the ES can be used as a cross-cultural screening tool since it entailed the clinimetric property of sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Carrozzino
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kaj Sparle Christensen
- Research Unit for General Practice and Section for General Medical Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chiara Patierno
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Woźniewicz
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | | | | | - Yuqun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Natsu Sasaki
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carmen Berrocal Montiel
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Ceccatelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mansueto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, 50135 Florence, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Ripa di Porta Ticinese, 77, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Cosci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, 50135 Florence, Italy; Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Ramsenthaler C, Baumann K, Büssing A, Becker G. Cross-cultural validity of the Death Reflection Scale during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:957177. [PMID: 35992449 PMCID: PMC9382129 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe global COVID-19 pandemic confronts people with their fragility, vulnerability, and mortality. To date, scales to measure death awareness mainly focus on the anxiety-provoking aspect of mortality cues. This study aims to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Death Reflection Scale (DRS), a scale for measuring positive, growth-oriented cognitions of life reflection and prosocial behavior following confrontation with the finiteness of life.Materials and MethodsThe Death Reflection Scale was translated and adapted in a multi-step process to the German language. In this anonymous, cross-sectional, online survey at a large university in Germany, students, healthcare professionals (HCP) and other staff completed the DRS alongside comparison measures. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess configural, metric, and scalar measurement equivalence across four age and occupational groups. Convergent/divergent validity testing was done via Spearman correlations.Results1,703 participants provided data for a response rate of ∼5%. 24% of respondents were HCP, 22% students. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a higher-order structure of the DRS with a strong general factor and the originally proposed five subscales (CFI 0.945, SRMR 0.045, RMSEA 0.055). Multi-group CFA showed partial metric equivalence across age groups and partial scalar invariance across occupational groups. Non-invariant scales were the Motivation to live, Putting life into perspective, and Legacy subscales. In the convergent validity testing, two hypotheses were fully confirmed, two partially and four were not confirmed. Experiencing a propensity for increased contemplation and life reflection during the pandemic together with spirituality showed correlations of moderate to large size to the DRS and its subscales (Spearman’s rho ranging from 0.31 to 0.52).ConclusionFurther conceptual work for death awareness to explore the construct’s stability in different population groups needs to be undertaken. However, the DRS can be mostly used to assess positive and growth-oriented aspects of death awareness and death reflection which may be an important avenue when developing counseling and support interventions for groups experiencing a high burden during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ramsenthaler
- School of Health Professions, Institute of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Baumann
- Caritas Science and Christian Social Work, Faculty of Theology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- IUNCTUS – Competence Center for Christian Spirituality, Philosophical-Theological Academy, Münster, Germany
| | - Arndt Büssing
- IUNCTUS – Competence Center for Christian Spirituality, Philosophical-Theological Academy, Münster, Germany
- Chair of Quality of Life, Spirituality and Coping, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Gerhild Becker
- Clinic for Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gerhild Becker,
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Ramos R, Röschel A, Crevenna R, Jordakieva G, Andrews MR, Dür M, Stamm T. Occupational Balance and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Four-Wave Panel Study on the Role of Daily Activities in Austria. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:694-698. [PMID: 35732038 PMCID: PMC9377367 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among daily activities (paid work, childcare, caregiving, voluntary work, sports, and social contact), occupational balance, and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We analyzed data from the Austrian Corona Panel Project (four time points, 6-month period) using regression models with logarithmically transformed data and nonparametric repeated-measures tests (N = 871). RESULTS Results showed higher depressive symptoms among women. Family caregivers (either parents or those caring for other relatives) were at the highest risk for occupational imbalance and depressive symptoms. Sports and social contact were initially associated with better outcomes, but the effects waned. There was a main effect for time point driven by the last wave (amidst the second lockdown), but no significant interaction effects between predictors and time point were found. CONCLUSION The results provide a nuanced depiction of the relationship between different daily activities and health-related outcomes during the pandemic, highlighting groups at risk.
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Teacher Trainees’ Well-Being—The Role of Personal Resources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148821. [PMID: 35886671 PMCID: PMC9315787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Teacher well-being is intrinsically associated with their personal resources, including health literacy and occupational self-regulation. However, there are few empirical findings on teacher trainees’ health literacy. Furthermore, occupational self-regulation has so far only been associated with indicators of occupational well-being. From a public health perspective, research on teacher trainees’ general well-being will benefit from taking both research aspects into account. In this study, we analysed data from 407 teacher trainees in Germany. Latent profile analysis confirmed the four occupational self-regulatory types (healthy-ambitious, unambitious, excessively ambitious, and resigned), which differed significantly on the health literacy dimensions self-regulation, self-control, self-perception, proactive approach to health, communication and cooperation, and dealing with health information. The health literacy dimensions of self-regulation and self-control were mainly related to occupational self-regulation. Independently of each other, the self-regulatory types and the health literacy dimensions of self-regulation, self-control, and proactive approach to health predicted teacher trainees’ general well-being. If both constructs are considered together, the health literacy dimensions explain more variance in teacher trainees’ general well-being than the self-regulatory types. Research and practical implications are discussed.
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Quansah F, Hagan JE, Ankomah F, Agormedah EK, Nugba RM, Srem-Sai M, Schack T. Validation of the WHO-5 Well-Being Scale among Adolescents in Ghana: Evidence-Based Assessment of the Internal and External Structure of the Measure. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9070991. [PMID: 35883975 PMCID: PMC9323714 DOI: 10.3390/children9070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The WHO-5 well-being measure happens to be one of the most renowned measures of subjective well-being across the globe. Although the instrument has been calibrated in different countries, its psychometric properties and applicability in Africa, especially in Ghana, are not known. In this study, the WHO-5 well-being scale was validated among adolescents in Ghana by assessing the validity evidence of the measure based on the internal and external structure. In particular, the study examined the (1) dimensionality of the WHO-5 well-being scale, (2) quality of the items (including the scale functioning) for the measure, and (3) criterion validity of the well-being measure. Using a survey approach, 997 adolescents were recruited in secondary schools across the northern belt of Ghana. The study found a one-factor structure of the scale, which supports the factor solution of the original measure. The items were found to be of high quality, except for one item. The WHO-5 well-being measure was found to have sufficient evidence regarding convergent and divergent validity. The outcome of this validation study provides support for the validity and reliability of the WHO-5 well-being scale’s utility and use among adolescents in Ghana. The study encourages further validation studies to be conducted in Ghana to widen the reproducibility of the WHO-5 well-being measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Quansah
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Education, Winneba P.O. Box 25, Ghana;
| | - John Elvis Hagan
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast 03321, Ghana
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Francis Ankomah
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast 03321, Ghana; (F.A.); (R.M.N.)
- Department of Education, SDA College of Education, Asokore-Koforidua P.O. Box AS 18, Ghana
| | - Edmond Kwesi Agormedah
- Department of Business & Social Sciences Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast 03321, Ghana;
| | - Regina Mawusi Nugba
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast 03321, Ghana; (F.A.); (R.M.N.)
| | - Medina Srem-Sai
- Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, University of Education, Winneba P.O. Box 25, Ghana;
| | - Thomas Schack
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
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Hong Y, Zhang Y, Xue P, Fang X, Zhou L, Wei F, Lou X, Zou H. The Influence of Long Working Hours, Occupational Stress, and Well-Being on Depression Among Couriers in Zhejiang, China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:928928. [PMID: 35814051 PMCID: PMC9260285 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.928928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between long working hours, occupational stress, depression, and well-being, and to explore the intermediary effect of occupational stress and well-being between working hours and depression among couriers in Zhejiang, China. Methods: The study used a cluster random sampling method to select 1,200 couriers from mainstream express companies in Zhejiang, China. The data were collected and analyzed using the Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS) to measure occupational stress, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale to evaluate depression, and the World Health Organization five-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale to assess well-being. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationship among the variables. Results: The phenomenon of long working hours (75.1%) was quite common among couriers in Zhejiang, China. Working hours had a direct positive effect on depression (β = 0.008, p < 0.001) and on occupational stress (β = 0.009, p < 0.001), and working hours had a negative effect on well-being (β = −0.013, p < 0.001). Occupational stress had a direct positive effect on depression (β = 0.272, p < 0.001), but well-being had no significant direct effect on depression. Working hours had an indirect effect on depression through the mediating effect of occupational stress while the mediating effect of well-being was not found. Conclusion: Long working hours is associated with occupational stress, well-being, and depression. Our results confirmed that working hours, occupational stress, and well-being were strong predicators of depression. Working hours had a significant indirect effect on depression via occupational stress. The result of this study showed that decreasing working hours and reducing occupational stress would be effective for couriers to prevent depression. However, more studies are needed to verify the relationship between working hours and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hong
- Department of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Panqi Xue
- Occupational Health and Radiation Protection Institute, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinglin Fang
- Occupational Health and Radiation Protection Institute, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Zhou
- Occupational Health and Radiation Protection Institute, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Occupational Health and Radiation Protection Institute, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Occupational Health and Radiation Protection Institute, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zou
- Occupational Health and Radiation Protection Institute, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Zou,
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Jain D, Verma V, Parashar N, Kumar S, Kiran U, Satija A, Tiwari N. A Study on the Willingness to Use Meditation for Maintaining Psychological Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus 2022; 14:e25950. [PMID: 35855240 PMCID: PMC9284473 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Several studies have indicated an escalation in the stress and anxiety levels among all sections of the population at large during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this challenging environment, meditation or yoga can help in maintaining the quality of life. This pilot study aimed to assess the willingness to practice meditation as a tool to manage anxiety, perceived stress levels, and psychological well-being (quality of life) during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Materials and methods Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to characterize the attitude of healthy Indian adults toward meditation as a stress management tool and its impact on psychological well-being. Primary data of 241 participants were collected using Google Forms circulated via email and social media platforms through the snowball sampling technique. The self-reported data on four different psychosocial scales, viz., for anxiety measurement [the Seven-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS)], for stress measurement [Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)], and to quantify well-being levels [the Five-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5)], along with those on their perception toward meditation were obtained. Results Our findings suggest that the anxiety and perceived stress scores are lower among those practicing some form of relaxation or meditation than those not practicing it, along with those who already report better psychological well-being and perceived stress. The bivariate results indicated that willingness to meditate among those who were practicing some form of meditation and those not mediating significantly differed based on their age, presence of comorbidities, and GAD and PSS levels. The multivariate logistic regression showed that only those individuals aged 35 years and above and those who have some comorbidity symptoms showed a significant level of willingness to opt for meditation. Conclusions In order to attain proper relief from psychological issues during a pandemic situation such as the current one, a more specific remedial module for meditation procedure needs to be devised as an intervention, and it should be kept in mind that age and comorbidity status also play a significant role with respect to individuals' attitude toward meditation as a tool for psychological relief.
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Habtamu K, Birhane R, Medhin G, Hanlon C, Fekadu A. Psychometric properties of screening questionnaires to detect depression in primary healthcare setting in rural Ethiopia. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:138. [PMID: 35655164 PMCID: PMC9161478 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of the research about the validity of depression screening questionnaires is on criterion validity. Evidence is scarce on the concurrent, convergent and construct validity of these measures, particularly from low-income countries. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of depression screening questionnaires in primary healthcare (PHC) in rural Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 587 participants recruited from patients attending three PHC facilities and two 'Holy water sites' (places where religious treatment is being provided). The psychometric properties of five mental health screening questionnaires were evaluated: the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the two item version of PHQ-9 (PHQ-2), a version of PHQ-9 with two added items of irritability and noise intolerance (PHQ-11), the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and the World Health Organization-Five Well-being Index (WHO-5). Clinical diagnosis of depression was ascertained by psychiatrists. We analyzed data using exploratory factor analysis, Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient (Rho), the Mann Whitney test of the equality of medians, univariate logistic regression and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS PHQ-9, PHQ-11 and WHO-5 were found to be unidimensional, with items in each scale highly loading onto one factor (factor loadings ranging from 0.64 to 0.87). The items of each instrument were internally consistent, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.72 (PHQ-2) to 0.89 (PHQ-11). Scores for all screening scales were moderately or highly correlated with each other (Rho = 0.58 to 0.98) and moderately correlated with anxiety and disability scores. Median scores of all screening scales were significantly higher in those diagnosed with depression. The association of items measuring emotional and cognitive symptoms with the diagnosis of depression was stronger than the association with items measuring somatic symptoms. Irritability and noise intolerance had higher association with depression diagnosis than PHQ-9 items. CONCLUSION Emotional and cognitive symptoms are more useful than somatic symptoms to predict the diagnosis of depression in the PHC context in Ethiopia. Future research should focus on testing the unidimensionality of PHQ-9, PHQ-11 and WHO-5 using confirmatory factor analysis; establishing the criterion validity of PHQ-11 and WHO-5; and on assessing test-retest reliability of all the measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassahun Habtamu
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688School of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O.BOX: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rahel Birhane
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Medhin
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Training, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- grid.414601.60000 0000 8853 076XGlobal Health & Infection Department, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Center for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Brion J, Leclerc D, Stoufflet A. Changements organisationnels et flexibilité psychologique : conséquence sur la consommation des substances psycho-actives. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Toffolutti V, Plach S, Maksimovic T, Piccitto G, Mascherini M, Mencarini L, Aassve A. The association between COVID-19 policy responses and mental well-being: Evidence from 28 European countries. Soc Sci Med 2022; 301:114906. [PMID: 35313221 PMCID: PMC8920116 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses how the implementation and lifting of non-pharmaceutical policy interventions (NPIs), deployed by most governments, to curb the COVID-19 pandemic, were associated with individuals' mental well-being (MWB) across 28 European countries. This is done both for the general population and across key-groups. We analyze longitudinal data for 15,147 respondents from three waves of the Eurofound-"Living, Working and COVID-19" survey, covering the period April 2020-March 2021. MWB is measured by the WHO-5 index. Our evidence suggests that restriction on international travel, private gatherings, and contact tracing (workplace closures) were negatively (positively) associated with MWB by about, respectively, -0.63 [95% CI: -0.79 to -0.47], -0.24 [95% CI: -0.38 to -0.10], and -0.22 [95% CI: -0.36 to -0.08] (0.29 [95% CI: 0.11 to 0.48]) points. These results correspond to -3.9%, -1.5%, and -1.4% (+1.8%) changes compared to pre-pandemic levels. However, these findings mask important group-differences. Women compared to men fared worse under stay-at-home requirements, internal movement restrictions, private gatherings restrictions, public events cancellation, school closures, and workplace closures. Those residing with children below 12, compared to those who do not, fared worse under public events cancellation, school closures and workplace closures. Conversely, those living with children 12-17, compared to those who do not, fared better under internal movement restrictions and public events cancelling. Western-Europeans vis-à-vis Eastern-Europeans fared better under NPIs limiting their mobility and easing their debts, whereas they fared worse under health-related NPIs. This study provides timely evidence of the rise in inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic and offers strategies for mitigating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Toffolutti
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Department of Economics & Public Policy, Imperial College London - Business School, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policies, Bocconi University, Via G. Roentgen, 1, 20136, Milano, Italy.
| | - Samuel Plach
- "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policies, Bocconi University, Via G. Roentgen, 1, 20136, Milano, Italy.
| | - Teodora Maksimovic
- "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policies, Bocconi University, Via G. Roentgen, 1, 20136, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Piccitto
- "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policies, Bocconi University, Via G. Roentgen, 1, 20136, Milano, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Mascherini
- European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Wyattville Road, Loughlinstown, Co. Dublin, D18 KP65, Ireland.
| | - Letizia Mencarini
- "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policies, Bocconi University, Via G. Roentgen, 1, 20136, Milano, Italy; Department of Social and Political Science, Bocconi University, Via G. Roentgen, 1, 20136, Milano, Italy.
| | - Arnstein Aassve
- "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policies, Bocconi University, Via G. Roentgen, 1, 20136, Milano, Italy; Department of Social and Political Science, Bocconi University, Via G. Roentgen, 1, 20136, Milano, Italy.
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Lindsay-Smith G, Pyke J, Gamage A, Nguyen V, de Lacy T. Tourism operator mental health and its relationship with SME organisational resilience during disasters. TOURISM MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES 2022; 42:100961. [PMID: 36277033 PMCID: PMC9576215 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2022.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Crises have a negative, and often long-lasting impact on mental health. The stress of dealing with the ongoing and unpredictable aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented rise in mental health problems including low mood, depression and anxiety. Tourism businesses have faced ongoing challenges, with repeated lockdowns and drastically reduced tourist numbers and mental health challenges faced by operators may impact the resilience of tourism organisations and vice versa. Few studies have examined this. Our study in Victoria, Australia documents the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on owners and managers (operators) of small to medium tourism businesses and explores organisational factors that may impact or protect operator mental health during the crisis. Our findings show that the mental health of the cohort reached critically low levels over the course of the pandemic. We also identify positive associations between tourism organisational resilience and operator mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Lindsay-Smith
- Stakeholder Engagement Coordinator, Health Services, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Pyke
- School for the Visitor Economy (SVE) & Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Sustainable Industries and Livable Cities (ISILC), Victoria University, Ballarat Rd, Footscray, 3011 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ancy Gamage
- School for the Visitor Economy, Victoria University, Ballarat Rd, Footscray, 3011 Melbourne, Australia
- School for the Visitor Economy (SVE) & Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Sustainable Industries and Livable Cities (ISILC), Victoria University, Ballarat Rd, Footscray, 3011 Melbourne, Australia
| | - VanKhanh Nguyen
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Livable Cities (ISILC), Victoria University, Ballarat Rd, Footscray, 3011 Melbourne, Australia
- School for the Visitor Economy (SVE) & Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Sustainable Industries and Livable Cities (ISILC), Victoria University, Ballarat Rd, Footscray, 3011 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terry de Lacy
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Ballarat Rd, Footscray, 3011 Melbourne, Australia
- School for the Visitor Economy (SVE) & Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Sustainable Industries and Livable Cities (ISILC), Victoria University, Ballarat Rd, Footscray, 3011 Melbourne, Australia
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Pandya SP. High-Skilled South Asian Immigrants to the USA: Integration Through Spiritual Training Lessons and Story Writing Workshops. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-022-00947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abdul Wahab R, Al-Ruwaily H, Coleman T, Heneghan H, Neff K, le Roux CW, Fallon F. The Relationship Between Percentage Weight Loss and World Health Organization-Five Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) in Patients Having Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2022; 32:1667-1672. [PMID: 35305228 PMCID: PMC8986673 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The association between bariatric surgery outcome and depression remains controversial. Many patients with depression are not offered bariatric surgery due to concerns that they may have suboptimal outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between baseline World Health Organization-Five Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) and percentage total weight loss (%TWL) in patients after bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods All patients were routinely reviewed by the psychologist and screened with WHO-5. The consultation occurred 3.5 ± 1.6 months before bariatric surgery. Body weight was recorded before and 1 year after surgery. A total of 45 out of 71 (63.3%) patients with complete WHO-5 data were included in the study. Data analysis was carried out with IBM SPSS Statistics (version 27) to determine the correlation between baseline WHO-5 and %TWL in patients having bariatric surgery. Results Overall, 11 males and 34 females were involved with mean age of 47.5 ± 11.5 and BMI of 46.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2. The %TWL between pre- and 1-year post-surgery was 30.0 ± 8.3% and the WHO-5 Wellbeing Index mean score was 56.5 ± 16.8. We found no correlation between %TWL and the WHO-5 Wellbeing Index (r = 0.032, p = 0.83). Conclusion There was no correlation between the baseline WHO-5 Wellbeing Index and %TWL 1-year post-bariatric surgery. Patients with low mood or depression need to be assessed and offered appropriate treatment but should not be excluded from bariatric surgery only based on their mood. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshaida Abdul Wahab
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Heshma Al-Ruwaily
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Therese Coleman
- Obesity Complications Clinic, St Vincent's Private Hospital, Merrion Road, Dublin, D04 NE02, Ireland
| | - Helen Heneghan
- Obesity Complications Clinic, St Vincent's Private Hospital, Merrion Road, Dublin, D04 NE02, Ireland
| | - Karl Neff
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Obesity Complications Clinic, St Vincent's Private Hospital, Merrion Road, Dublin, D04 NE02, Ireland
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Obesity Complications Clinic, St Vincent's Private Hospital, Merrion Road, Dublin, D04 NE02, Ireland.
| | - Finian Fallon
- Obesity Complications Clinic, St Vincent's Private Hospital, Merrion Road, Dublin, D04 NE02, Ireland
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The Burden of Caring for Dependent Older People and the Resultant Risk of Depression in Family Primary Caregivers in Italy. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-Term Care (LTC) for older people in need of care is a critical issue affecting the quality of life of family caregivers (as well as older people), encompassing both negative and positive caregiving experiences. Providing support to family caregivers is essential because they play a crucial role in sharing the societal burden of LTC for the growing frail older population. By presenting the results of a survey carried out in 2019–2020 in Central Italy, this study aims to describe the characteristics and estimate by a multivariate logistic model the correlates of depressive symptoms in 369 primary caregivers of dependent older people. Caregivers are mostly women who provide a high amount of care in terms of weekly hours as a result of insufficient assistance from public or private care services. More than half of the sample show depressive symptoms, indicating a fairly serious situation. Perceived burden is a strong predictor of depression. The findings offer suggestions and policy implications. The fragmentation of the care context should be addressed by allocating sufficient funding to expand the supply of public in-kind services and integrate cash-for-care schemes, thus alleviating the burden and mitigating the negative consequences of care on physical and mental health.
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