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Wang Y, Zhou K, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xie Y, Wang X, Yang W, Zhang X, Yang J, Wang F. Examining the association of family environment and children emotional/behavioral difficulties in the relationship between parental anxiety and internet addiction in youth. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1341556. [PMID: 38895031 PMCID: PMC11184946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1341556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Associations between parental anxiety and adolescent internet addiction have been documented in the literature; however, few studies have analyzed the role of the family environment in this relationship. This study aims to explore the relationship between parental anxiety and adolescent internet addiction while also investigating the indirect relationships involving multiple dimensions of the family environment and child emotional behavior issues. Methods Surveys were conducted among 6,296 parent-child pairs. We administered SDQ, CIAS-R, and FES-CV to assess adolescents' issues and internet addiction, and evaluate family environment. Additionally, parents completed GAD-7 to assess parental anxiety levels.Results: Correlation analysis revealed that the family environment and adolescent emotional behavior issues played an indirect relationship in the link between parental anxiety and internet addiction. Discussion The findings emphasize the importance of addressing parental anxiety and fostering a positive family environment as effective measures to alleviate adolescent emotional behavior problems and reduce the risk of internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical Universtiy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keyin Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanchen Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical Universtiy, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Tu EN, Manley H, Saunders KEA, Creswell C. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Risks of Anxiety Disorders in Offspring of Parents With Mood Disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:407-421. [PMID: 37453607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the risk of anxiety disorders in offspring of parents with mood disorders. METHOD We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched 4 electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science [core collection]) to identify cross-sectional and cohort studies that examined the association between parental mood disorders (including bipolar disorder and unipolar depression) and risk of anxiety disorders in offspring. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) of overall and specific anxiety disorders were synthesized using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to identify moderation factors. RESULTS A total of 35 studies were included in the final analysis. Our results showed higher risks of all types of anxiety disorders in the offspring of parents with mood disorders (any anxiety disorder, RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.47-2.26), except for agoraphobia (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.56-2.08), and with an especially elevated risk of panic disorder (RR = 3.07, 95% CI = 2.19-4.32). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the risks of anxiety disorders across the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder as opposed to unipolar depression. The absence of anxiety disorders in control parents, younger offspring age, and specific parent/offspring sex were associated with higher RRs for some anxiety disorders in offspring of parents with mood disorders. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a robust relationship between parental mood disorders and offspring anxiety disorders, and highlight the potential value of prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders in this context. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION Anxiety Disorders in Offspring of Parents with Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; CRD42021215058.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Nien Tu
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, and Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | | | - Kate E A Saunders
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Queen's University, Kingston, Canada, and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Takami Lageborn C, Zhou M, Boman M, Sjölander A, Larsson H, D'Onofrio BM, Pettersson E, Lichtenstein P, Landén M. Childhood and adolescence outcomes in offspring to parents with bipolar disorder: the impact of lifetime parental comorbidity, parental sex, and bipolar subtype. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38527491 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offspring of parents with bipolar disorder have increased risks of their own psychopathology. However, a large-scale survey of psychiatric, somatic, and adverse social outcomes up to adulthood, which could aid in prioritizing and tailoring prevention, is lacking. It also remains to clarify how risks are modified by other parental factors. METHODS Swedish population registers were linked to compare offspring having (N = 24,788) and not having (N = 247,880) a parent with bipolar disorder with respect to psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication, birth-related and somatic conditions, social outcomes, accidents, suicide attempts, and mortality. Individuals were followed until age 18. We estimated the influence of lifetime parental psychiatric comorbidity, bipolar disorder subtype, and sex on outcomes. RESULTS Children of parents with bipolar disorder had 2-3 times higher risks of all psychiatric diagnoses, except for bipolar disorder, for which the risk was 11-fold. Significantly increased risks were also found for several somatic conditions, low school grades, criminal behavior, victimization, accidents, and suicidal behavior. Adjusting for lifetime parental psychiatric comorbidity attenuated most associations. Offspring of a parent with bipolar disorder type 2 had statistically significantly higher risks of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, respiratory tract conditions, and accidents compared with offspring of a parent with bipolar disorder type 1. Offspring of mothers with bipolar disorder had higher risks of several psychiatric diagnoses, respiratory tract conditions, low school grades, and accidents compared with offspring of fathers with bipolar disorder. Having two parents with bipolar disorder entailed the highest risks of psychiatric outcomes in offspring. CONCLUSIONS Early intervention and family support are particularly warranted for the offspring of a parent with bipolar disorder in the presence of lifetime parental psychiatric comorbidity, when the parent has bipolar disorder type 2, or when the mother or both parents have bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mengping Zhou
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Boman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arvid Sjölander
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Brian M D'Onofrio
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Erik Pettersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gjøde ICT, Laursen TM, Müller AD, Ranning A, Moszkowicz M, Hemager N, Speyer H, Hjorthøj C, Nordentoft M, Thorup AAE. Association of maternal and paternal personality disorders with risk of mental disorders in children: A nationwide, register-based cohort study of 1,406,965 children. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024; 149:195-206. [PMID: 38145901 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the association between parental personality disorders and mental disorders in children is limited. To examine the association between parental personality disorders and the risk of mental disorders in offspring. METHODS We linked Danish health registers to create a cohort of children born from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2016. Children were followed until their 18th birthday, diagnosis set, emigration, death, or December 31, 2016. Parental personality disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Eighth or 10th Revision. Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate the incidence risk ratio (IRR) and cumulative incidence of ICD 10th mental disorders in offspring (age 0-17). RESULTS The study cohort included 1,406,965 children. For girls, maternal or paternal personality disorder (MPD/PPD) was associated with mental disorders: MPD girls (IRR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.59-2.89) and PPD girls (IRR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.94-2.27). Likewise, the risk was increased for both MPD boys (IRR, 2.44; 95% CI, 2.33-2.56) and PPD boys (IRR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.91-2.18). For girls and boys combined, exposure to two parents with a personality disorder was associated with the highest risk (IRR, 3.69; 95% CI, 3.15-4.33). At age 18, the cumulative incidence of any mental disorder in children of one or two parents with a personality disorder was 34.1% (95% CI, 33.0-35.1), which was twice the cumulative incidence of mental disorders in nonexposed children (15.2% [95% CI, 15.1-15.3]). CONCLUSION Children of parents with a personality disorder were at a 2 to 3.5 times higher risk of mental disorders compared with nonexposed offspring. Possible mechanisms of transmission of mental disorders from parent to child involve genetic, environmental, and gene-environment pathways. More research into these mechanisms and research into preventive interventions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Christine Tholstrup Gjøde
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Munk Laursen
- The National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Dorothee Müller
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Ranning
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mala Moszkowicz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Speyer
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Van Schoors M, Van Lierde E, Steeman K, Verhofstadt LL, Lemmens GMD. Protective factors enhancing resilience in children of parents with a mental illness: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1243784. [PMID: 38192397 PMCID: PMC10773682 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1243784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives A systematic review was conducted to (1) investigate protective factors enhancing resilience in children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI), and (2) examine theoretical and methodological issues in the existing literature. Method Following guidelines for systematic reviews, searches were performed using Web of Science, Pubmed and Embase. After screening 5,073 articles 37 fulfilled inclusion criteria and were extracted for review. Results of the present review indicate that there are several ways to help build resilience in COPMI. More specifically, five protective factors emerged from the reviewed literature: Information, Support, Family functioning and Connectedness, Child coping, and Parenting. Discussion Research on protective factors in children confronted with parental mental illness is still scarce and for some factors no clear conclusions can be drawn based on the available evidence. To further our understanding of the building blocks and underlying mechanisms of resilience in COPMI, additional rigorously designed studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lesley L. Verhofstadt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilbert M. D. Lemmens
- Department of Head and Skin – Psychiatry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Uher R, Pavlova B, Radua J, Provenzani U, Najafi S, Fortea L, Ortuño M, Nazarova A, Perroud N, Palaniyappan L, Domschke K, Cortese S, Arnold PD, Austin JC, Vanyukov MM, Weissman MM, Young AH, Hillegers MH, Danese A, Nordentoft M, Murray RM, Fusar‐Poli P. Transdiagnostic risk of mental disorders in offspring of affected parents: a meta-analysis of family high-risk and registry studies. World Psychiatry 2023; 22:433-448. [PMID: 37713573 PMCID: PMC10503921 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The offspring of parents with mental disorders are at increased risk for developing mental disorders themselves. The risk to offspring may extend transdiagnostically to disorders other than those present in the parents. The literature on this topic is vast but mixed. To inform targeted prevention and genetic counseling, we performed a comprehensive, PRISMA 2020-compliant meta-analysis. We systematically searched the literature published up to September 2022 to retrieve original family high-risk and registry studies reporting on the risk of mental disorders in offspring of parents with any type of mental disorder. We performed random-effects meta-analyses of the relative risk (risk ratio, RR) and absolute risk (lifetime, up to the age at assessment) of mental disorders, defined according to the ICD or DSM. Cumulative incidence by offspring age was determined using meta-analytic Kaplan-Meier curves. We measured heterogeneity with the I2 statistic, and risk of bias with the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Sensitivity analyses addressed the impact of study design (family high-risk vs. registry) and specific vs. transdiagnostic risks. Transdiagnosticity was appraised with the TRANSD criteria. We identified 211 independent studies that reported data on 3,172,115 offspring of parents with psychotic, bipolar, depressive, disruptive, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, anxiety, substance use, eating, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality disorders, and 20,428,575 control offspring. The RR and lifetime risk of developing any mental disorder were 3.0 and 55% in offspring of parents with anxiety disorders; 2.6 and 17% in offspring of those with psychosis; 2.1 and 55% in offspring of those with bipolar disorder; 1.9 and 51% in offspring of those with depressive disorders; and 1.5 and 38% in offspring of those with substance use disorders. The offspring's RR and lifetime risk of developing the same mental disorder diagnosed in their parent were 8.4 and 32% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; 5.8 and 8% for psychosis; 5.1 and 5% for bipolar disorder; 2.8 and 9% for substance use disorders; 2.3 and 14% for depressive disorders; 2.3 and 1% for eating disorders; and 2.2 and 31% for anxiety disorders. There were 37 significant transdiagnostic associations between parental mental disorders and the RR of developing a different mental disorder in the offspring. In offspring of parents with psychosis, bipolar and depressive disorder, the risk of the same disorder onset emerged at 16, 5 and 6 years, and cumulated to 3%, 19% and 24% by age 18; and to 8%, 36% and 46% by age 28. Heterogeneity ranged from 0 to 0.98, and 96% of studies were at high risk of bias. Sensitivity analyses restricted to prospective family high-risk studies confirmed the pattern of findings with similar RR, but with greater absolute risks compared to analyses of all study types. This study demonstrates at a global, meta-analytic level that offspring of affected parents have strongly elevated RR and lifetime risk of developing any mental disorder as well as the same mental disorder diagnosed in the parent. The transdiagnostic risks suggest that offspring of parents with a range of mental disorders should be considered as candidates for targeted primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Uher
- Dalhousie UniversityDepartment of PsychiatryHalifaxNSCanada
- Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - Barbara Pavlova
- Dalhousie UniversityDepartment of PsychiatryHalifaxNSCanada
- Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Umberto Provenzani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Sara Najafi
- Dalhousie UniversityDepartment of PsychiatryHalifaxNSCanada
- Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - Lydia Fortea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria Ortuño
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Anna Nazarova
- Dalhousie UniversityDepartment of PsychiatryHalifaxNSCanada
- Nova Scotia Health AuthorityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - Nader Perroud
- Service of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQBCanada
- Robarts Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Samuele Cortese
- School of Psychology, and Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Solent NHS TrustSouthamptonUK
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied PsychologyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU LangoneNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Paul D. Arnold
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & EducationUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryALCanada
| | - Jehannine C. Austin
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Michael M. Vanyukov
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Human GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Myrna M. Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Translational EpidemiologyNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNYUSA
- Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Allan H. Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Manon H.J. Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre and Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National and Specialist CAMHS Clinic for Trauma, Anxiety, and DepressionSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health ServicesCapital Region of DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Paolo Fusar‐Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Early Psychosis: Intervention and Clinical‐detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis StudiesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Outreach and Support in South‐London (OASIS) NHS Foundation Trust, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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Cost KT, Mudiyanselage P, Unternaehrer E, Korczak DJ, Crosbie J, Anagnastou E, Monga S, Kelley E, Schachar R, Maguire J, Arnold P, Burton CL, Georgiades S, Nicolson R, Birken CS, Charach A. The role of parenting practices in parent and child mental health over time. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e147. [PMID: 37550865 PMCID: PMC10594096 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent and child mental health has suffered during the pandemic and transition phase. Structured and shared parenting may be intervention targets beneficial to families who are struggling with parent or child mental health challenges. AIMS First, we investigated associations between structured and shared parenting and parent depression symptoms. Second, we investigated associations between structured and shared parenting and depression, hyperactivity/inattention and irritability symptoms in children. METHOD A total of 1027 parents in two-parent households (4797 observations total; 85.1% mothers) completed online surveys about themselves and their children (aged 2-18 years) from April 2020 to July 2022. Structured parenting and shared parenting responsibilities were assessed from April 2020 to November 2021. Symptoms of parent depression, child depression, child hyperactivity and inattention, child irritability, and child emotional and conduct problems were assessed repeatedly (one to 14 times; median of four times) from April 2020 to July 2022. RESULTS Parents who reported higher levels of shared parenting responsibilities had lower depression symptoms (β = -0.09 to -0.32, all P < 0.01) longitudinally. Parents who reported higher levels of shared parenting responsibilities had children with fewer emotional problems (ages 2-5 years; β = -0.07, P < 0.05), fewer conduct problems (ages 2-5 years; β = -0.09, P < 0.01) and less irritability (ages 13-18 years; β = -0.27, P < 0.001) longitudinally. Structured parenting was associated with fewer conduct problems (ages 2-5 years; β = -0.05, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Shared parenting is beneficial for parent and child mental health, even under chaotic or inflexible life conditions. Structured parenting is beneficial for younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T. Cost
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Behavioural Neurosciences & Psychiatry, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Piyumi Mudiyanselage
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eva Unternaehrer
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daphne J. Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnastou
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; and Autism Research Centre, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suneeta Monga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathon Maguire
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Arnold
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Stelios Georgiades
- Department of Behavioural Neurosciences & Psychiatry, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S. Birken
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; and Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alice Charach
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; and Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
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Alkhateeb AM. Burden and risk factors of anxiety disorders among Arabic pediatric population: A systematic review. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
<b>Aim:</b> In the general population, where 6 to 20% of individuals experience anxiety disorders, children also experience a higher burden of anxiety. We undertook a systematic review In order to examine and summarize the results from studies that estimated the prevalence of anxiety and/or its associated risk factors in the pediatric populations of Arab nations, primarily the gulf countries.<br />
<b>Methods:</b> Any study that focused on the pediatric population and completed in Arab nations to determine the incidence of anxiety and/or its risk factors among children under the age of 18. The review had 13 articles were included.<br />
<b>Results:</b> The results of the systematic review found that there was a wide variation in the prevalence of anxiety among children. At least 30.2% of the children were found to suffer from anxiety and the prevalence could go up to 60% in some countries with a higher prevalence among girls than boys. Associated factors of anxiety were diverse including exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, parenting style, living with parents suffering from mental disorders, school type, and being female.<br />
<b>Conclusion:</b> The findings of the review demonstrate the higher prevalence of anxiety among children as almost at least one-third of children suffer from anxiety in the Gulf countries. The program managers and the respective government of these Arab countries need to devise some strategies and interventions that not only focus on the children but also their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan M Alkhateeb
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAUDI ARABIA
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9
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Sesso G, Brancati GE, Masi G. Comorbidities in Youth with Bipolar Disorder: Clinical Features and Pharmacological Management. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:911-934. [PMID: 35794777 PMCID: PMC10227908 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220706104117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a highly comorbid condition, and rates of cooccurring disorders are even higher in youth. Comorbid disorders strongly affect clinical presentation, natural course, prognosis, and treatment. METHODS This review focuses on the clinical and treatment implications of the comorbidity between BD and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, disruptive behavior disorders (Oppositional Defiant Disorder and/or Conduct Disorder), alcohol and substance use disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder, anxiety disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and eating disorders. RESULTS These associations define specific conditions which are not simply a sum of different clinical pictures, but occur as distinct and complex combinations with specific developmental pathways over time and selective therapeutic requirements. Pharmacological treatments can improve these clinical pictures by addressing the comorbid conditions, though the same treatments may also worsen BD by inducing manic or depressive switches. CONCLUSION The timely identification of BD comorbidities may have relevant clinical implications in terms of symptomatology, course, treatment and outcome. Specific studies addressing the pharmacological management of BD and comorbidities are still scarce, and information is particularly lacking in children and adolescents; for this reason, the present review also included studies conducted on adult samples. Developmentally-sensitive controlled clinical trials are thus warranted to improve the prognosis of these highly complex patients, requiring timely and finely personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sesso
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiat., Calambrone (Pisa), Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiat., Calambrone (Pisa), Italy
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10
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Quagliato LA, de Matos UMA, Nardi AE. Lifetime psychopathology in the offspring of parents with anxiety disorders: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:618-626. [PMID: 36174782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The offspring of parents with Anxiety Disorders (AD) are at high risk for different types of psychopathology, including AD. However, little is known about how parental anxiety during pregnancy and/or the postnatal period might result in alterations in behavior or neurodevelopmental changes in offspring. To examine the effect of parental AD on offspring behavior and neurodevelopment, we conducted a systematic review. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases. RESULTS Forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Prenatal maternal anxiety is related to negative temperament, increased attention to fearful vocalizations, decreased alertness, and impaired psychomotor and cognitive development in early and middle childhood. AD during the postnatal period is associated with greater negative temperament, internalizing symptoms, and anxiety symptoms in early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. CONCLUSION Our review is the first to demonstrate that prenatal and postnatal AD symptoms impact offspring. Future research should explore the mediating and moderating factors leading to the development of psychopathology in the offspring of parents with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiana A Quagliato
- Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Voluntários da Pátria 190 s. 722, 22270-010, Brazil.
| | - Ursula M A de Matos
- Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Voluntários da Pátria 190 s. 722, 22270-010, Brazil
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Voluntários da Pátria 190 s. 722, 22270-010, Brazil
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11
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Pavlova B, Bagnell A, Cumby J, Vallis EH, Abidi S, Lovas D, Propper L, Alda M, Uher R. Sex-Specific Transmission of Anxiety Disorders From Parents to Offspring. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2220919. [PMID: 35819786 PMCID: PMC9277490 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.20919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although anxiety disorders are known to run in families, the relative contribution of genes and environment is unclear. Patterns of sex-specific transmission of anxiety may point to different pathways in how parents pass anxiety disorders down to their children; however, the association of parent and offspring sex with the transmission of anxiety disorders has not been previously studied. OBJECTIVE To examine whether the transmission of anxiety from parents to children is sex specific. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional family study recruited participants from the general population (enriched for familial risk of mood disorders) in Nova Scotia, Canada, from February 1, 2013, to January 31, 2020. EXPOSURES Anxiety disorder in the same-sex or opposite-sex parent. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Semistructured interviews were used to establish lifetime diagnoses of anxiety disorder in parents and offspring. The association between anxiety disorder in the same-sex or opposite-sex parent and anxiety disorders in the offspring was tested with logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 398 offspring (203 female offspring with a mean [SD] age of 11.1 [3.7] years and 195 male offspring with a mean [SD] age of 10.6 [3.1] years) of 221 mothers and 237 fathers participated in the study. Anxiety disorders in the same-sex parent (odds ratio [OR], 2.85; 95% CI, 1.52-5.34; P = .001) were associated with increased rates of anxiety disorders in the offspring, whereas anxiety disorders in the opposite-sex parent (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.81-2.81; P = .20) were not. Sharing a household with a same-sex parent without anxiety was associated with lower rates of offspring anxiety (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.22-0.67; P = .001), but the presence of an opposite-sex parent without anxiety was not (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.56-1.63; P = .88). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study of families, an association between the same-sex parent's anxiety disorder and anxiety disorders in offspring suggests an environmental mechanism, such as modeling. Future studies should establish whether treating parents' anxiety may protect their children from developing an anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alexa Bagnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jill Cumby
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emily Howes Vallis
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sabina Abidi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David Lovas
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lukas Propper
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Holzman JB, Kennedy SM, Grassie HL, Ehrenreich-May J. Associations between dispositional parental emotion regulation and youth mental health symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 95:102174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Wolfenden L, Calam R, Drake RJ, Gregg L. The Triple P Positive Parenting Program for Parents With Psychosis: A Case Series With Qualitative Evaluation. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:791294. [PMID: 35273529 PMCID: PMC8902501 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.791294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many people with psychosis are parents, managing the dual demands of poor mental health and parenting can be stressful and may contribute to poorer outcomes for both parent and child. Parenting interventions have the potential to improve outcomes for the whole family but need evaluation of feasibility in this context. The Triple-P Self-Help Workbook was implemented with guidance and support with 10 parents experiencing psychosis in a multiple baseline case series study. Sessions were weekly and home-based. Outcome measures examined facets of parenting, child behavior, self-efficacy and parental mental health. Follow up interviews explored parents' perspectives of the perceived impact of the intervention and apparent mechanisms of change. The program resulted in clinically significant change (>25% improvement) in mental health, parenting and child behavior measures post-intervention for the 50% who completed all 10 sessions and improvements were maintained at 3 and 6 month follow up. Interviews with those who completed the program revealed it to have been transformative: parents reported positive changes in parenting style; they were empowered with regard to their parenting and had a greater sense of control over their mental health. This study provides preliminary evidence that self-directed Triple P might be able to reduce the symptoms of psychosis by improving family functioning. Findings could inform the future development or adaptation of evidence-based parenting interventions for parents with psychosis in order to improve their mental health, aid recovery, and intervene early in the lives of children at risk of poor long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wolfenden
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Calam
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Drake
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey Gregg
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Trends in the incidence and DALYs of anxiety disorders at the global, regional, and national levels: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:83-93. [PMID: 34678404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the second leading mental health-related cause of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) worldwide. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the burden of anxiety disorders at the global, regional, and national levels in 1990 and 2019 and the trends over this period. METHODS We used data for incidence cases, DALYs, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) and calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to assess the incidence rate and DALYs rate trends for anxiety disorders. RESULTS The incidence cases of anxiety disorders increased by 47.19%, from 31.13 million in 1990 to 45.82 million in 2019, and DALYs increased by 53.70%, from 18.66 million in 1990 to 28.68 million in 2019. Over the past 29 years, the changes of ASIR and ASDR worldwide were stable (EAPC = 0.011 and -0.001, respectively). Women were more likely to experience anxiety disorders. Participants aged 10-14 had the highest incidence rate, followed by those aged 35-44. Those aged 15-19 and 40-44 had the highest estimated DALYs rate. The ASIR and ASDR were estimated to be the highest in Iran and Portugal, and Portugal and Brazil, respectively. Both of ASIR and ASDR were high in high- sociodemographic index regions in 2019. LIMITATIONS Further exploration of related risk factors needs to be analyzed in the future studies. CONCLUSIONS Compared with 1990, the absolute increase in incidence cases and DALYs of anxiety disorders in 2019 still remained high. Our findings contribute to the formulation of health policies for controlling and preventing anxiety disorders in different countries and regions.
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15
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Yaffe Y. A narrative review of the relationship between parenting and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2021.1980067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Yaffe
- Department of Education, Tel-Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel
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Ayano G, Demelash S, Abraha M, Tsegay L. The prevalence of depression among adolescent with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Res Ther 2021; 18:23. [PMID: 33906698 PMCID: PMC8077927 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is particularly common among adolescents with HIV/AIDS and has been associated with disruption of the important developmental process, subsequently leading to a wide range of negative mental, physical and psychosocial consequences, as well as poor quality of life in those population groups. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no prior systematic reviews and meta-analytic studies that determined the prevalence of depression among adolescents with HIV/AIDS. METHOD We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for relevant literature until May 2020. A random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool prevalence rates from individual studies. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneities and to compare the prevalence estimates across the groups. The Joanna Briggs Institute's quality assessment checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Cochran's Q and the I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. RESULTS A total of ten studies were included for the final analysis, with 2642 adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. Our final meta-analysis showed that more than a quarter of adolescents with HIV had depression [26.07% (95% CI 18.92-34.78)]. The prevalence was highest amongst female adolescents (32.15%) than males (25.07%) as well as amongst the older adolescents aged 15-19 years (37.09%) than younger adolescents aged 10-14 years (29.82%). CONCLUSION Our study shows that a significant proportion of adolescents with HIV had depression, indicating the imperativeness of intervention strategies to alleviate the suffering and possibly reduce the probable negative ramifications.
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Ayano G, Betts K, Lin A, Tait R, Alati R. Associations of maternal and paternal mental health problems with offspring anxiety at age 20 years: Findings from a population-based prospective cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2021; 298:113781. [PMID: 33592400 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that children of parents with mental health problems are at an increased risk of developing anxiety disorders. Few studies have investigated this relationship in young adults. Participants were from the Raine Study, which is a multi-generational birth cohort study in Australia. Maternal anxiety and depression in late childhood were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42), and paternal lifetime mental health problems were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. The short form of DASS-42 (DASS-21) was used to assess anxiety symptoms among offspring at age 20. Negative binomial regression model was used to quantify the association. Data were available for 1,220 mother-offspring and 1,190 father-offspring pairs. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found an increased risk of anxiety in young adult offspring exposed to maternal anxiety in late childhood and paternal lifetime mental health problems. However, we observed no increased risks of anxiety in offspring exposed to maternal depressive symptoms. Our sensitivity analysis based on the log-binomial model (binary outcome) as well as the linear model (log-transformed data) confirmed the robustness of the main results. Our findings suggest there can be value to consider and apply targeted screening and intervention programs of anxiety in the young adult offspring with parental mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Kim Betts
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Robert Tait
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Institute of social science research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
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