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Miglioretto C, Beck E, Lambert K. What do people with inflammatory bowel disease want to know about diet? The dietary information needs of people with inflammatory bowel disease and perceptions of healthcare providers. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:706-716. [PMID: 38462982 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable illness of the gastrointestinal tract. Its relapsing-remitting nature negatively impacts physical health and quality of life. Food and eating are key concerns for people with this illness. To provide holistic person-centred care, healthcare providers (HCPs) need to meet patients' dietary information needs. However, there is a paucity of literature describing these in any meaningful detail. The present study aimed to explore the perceived dietary information needs of individuals with IBD, the perceptions of HCPs and enablers and barriers to communication. METHODS Online and face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 13 HCPs and 29 people with IBD were conducted. The framework method aided thematic analysis of de-identified interview recordings. RESULTS The cyclical nature of IBD contextualised the five themes. Both individuals with IBD and HCPs articulated similar ideas viewed from different perspectives: (1) living with IBD is exasperating and unique to the individual; (2) individuals with IBD desire dietary information; (3) diet manipulation is used to exert control on a disease with unpredictable nature; (4) people with IBD and HCPs have different views on the role of diet; and (5) doctors are perceived as gatekeepers to accessing dietetics care. CONCLUSIONS A lack of dietary guidance at diagnosis negatively impacts the patient's journey with food and eating. The present study supports a paradigm shift towards holistic person-centred care for consistent access to dietetics services to meet the needs of people with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Miglioretto
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Eleanor Beck
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly Lambert
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Zheng Y, Liao Y, Ouyang Y, Wu Z, Li Z, Lin J, Zhang K, Wang X, Cen Z, Ma W, Dai S. The effects and predictive value of calcium and magnesium concentrations on nutritional improvement, inflammatory response and diagnosis in patients with Crohn's disease. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1649-1660. [PMID: 37485801 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract associated with malnutrition, high levels of inflammation and calcium and magnesium deficiencies. However, the relationships between these symptoms are poorly defined. METHOD Seventy-six adult CD patients who had not yet started treatment and 83 healthy volunteers were recruited. The dietary intakes, serum calcium and magnesium levels, nutritional indicators and biochemical markers of disease activity were measured. RESULTS Most participants had inadequate magnesium and calcium intake. The serum magnesium and calcium levels, as well as nutritional and inflammatory indicators, differed significantly between CD patients and controls, especially in the active phase. Serum levels of magnesium and calcium correlated with both nutritional status and inflammation. The cut-off values for CD development were 0.835 mmol/L (magnesium) and 2.315 mmol/L (calcium), whereas those for the active phase were 0.785 and 2.28 mmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSION Adequate intake of magnesium and calcium may both improve the nutritional status of CD patients and reduce inflammation, benefiting disease relief. As both magnesium and calcium reflect CD status, they may be useful markers for CD diagnosis and disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Liao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebin Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasen Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoxian Cen
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixue Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou, China
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Xu D, Chen Y, Gao X, Xie W, Wang Y, Shen J, Yang G, Xie B. The genetically predicted causal relationship of inflammatory bowel disease with bone mineral density and osteoporosis: evidence from two-sample Mendelian randomization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148107. [PMID: 37275908 PMCID: PMC10233018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many existing studies indicated that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), tend to have the risk of low total body bone mineral density (BMD), and are more likely to have osteoporosis (OS). To determine the causal relationship between IBD and bone metabolic disorders, we herein performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (TSMR) using publicly available summary statistics. Methods Summary statistics of total body BMD, OS and IBD were downloaded from the Open Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS), FinnGen consortium and International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC). The European and East Asian populations have consisted in this Mendelian Randomization (MR) work. A range of quality control procedures were taken to select eligible instrument SNPs closely associated with total body BMD, OS and IBD. To make the conclusions more reliable, we applied five robust analytical methods, among which the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method acted as the major method. Besides, heterogeneity, pleiotropy and sensitivity were evaluated. Results In the European population, the genetic association of UC on total body BMD (OR=0.97, 95%CI=0.96,0.99, P<0.001) and overall IBD on total body BMD (OR=0.98, 95%CI=0.97,1.00, P=0.013) were significant, while the effect of CD on total body BMD was not significant enough (OR=0.99, 95%CI=0.98,1.00, P=0.085). All of UC, CD and overall IBD can be the genetic risk factor of having OS with pathological fracture (UC: OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.02,1.26, P=0.024, CD: OR=1.14, 95%CI=1.05,1.25, P=0.003, overall IBD: OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.02,1.24, P=0.015). In East Asian groups, only CD had a causal relationship with OS (OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01,1.07, P=0.019). Conclusion Our study revealed genetically predicted associations between IBD on total body BMD and OS in European and East Asian populations. This work supplemented the results of previous retrospective studies and demonstrated the necessity of BMD monitoring in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyong Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hospital Infection-Control, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hospital Infection-Control, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Assessment of dietary nutrient intake and its relationship to the nutritional status of patients with Crohn's Disease in Guangdong Province of China. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:241-249. [PMID: 36880732 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES to investigate the association between the dietary nutrient intake and nutritional status of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS sixty CD patients who had been diagnosed but had not begun treatment were enrolled. The dietary nutrient intake was recorded after three days of 24-hour recall and was calculated using NCCW2006 software. The nutrition levels were assessed using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Indicators included body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference, the circumference of the upper-arm muscle, triceps skinfold thickness, handgrip strength, and the circumference of the lower legs. RESULTS eighty-five per cent of CD patients did not meet the necessary energy requirements. Of these, the protein and dietary fiber intake in 63.33 % and 100 %, respectively, were below the standard of the Chinese dietary reference. Many patients had insufficient intake of vitamins, as well as other macro- and micronutrients. An inverse association was observed between the risk of malnutrition and higher levels of energy (1,590.0-2,070.6 kcal/d, OR = 0.050, 95 % CI: 0.009-0.279) and protein (55.6-70.5 g/d, OR = 0.150, 95 % CI: 0.029-0.773). Appropriate supplementation of vitamin E, calcium, and other dietary nutrients helped to reduce the risk of malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS significant deficiencies in dietary nutrient intake were found in CD patients, and dietary intake was associated with the nutritional status of the patient. Appropriate adjustment and supplementation of nutrient intake may reduce malnutrition risk in CD patients. The gap between actual consumption and recommendation indicates a need for improved nutritional counseling and monitoring. Early relevant advice for the dietary guidance of CD patients may be beneficial for long-term effects associated with nutritional status.
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Karachaliou A, Yannakoulia M, Bletsa M, Mantzaris GJ, Archavlis E, Karampekos G, Tzouvala M, Bamias G, Kokkotis G, Kontogianni MD. Assessment of Dietary Adequacy and Quality in a Sample of Patients with Crohn's Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:5254. [PMID: 36558412 PMCID: PMC9780994 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both under-and over-nutrition are prevalent in patients with Crohn's Disease (CD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate dietary intake and compare it with relevant recommendations during active disease and remission, also taking into consideration the adequacy of energy reporting. Dietary quality was assessed through adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to the European dietary guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention (CVD-score). Malnutrition was diagnosed with the GLIM criteria. There were 237 patients evaluated (54.9% males, 41.3 ± 14.1 years and 37.6% with active disease). In the total sample, high prevalence of overweight/obesity (61.6%) and low prevalence of malnutrition (11.4%) were observed, whereas 25.5% reported low protein intake in the sub-sample of adequate energy reporters. The mean MedDietScore was 28.0 ± 5.5 and the mean CVD-score was 5.25 ± 1.36, both reflecting moderate dietary quality. Patients with active disease reported higher prevalence of low protein intake, lower carbohydrate, fibers, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and sweets consumption and a lower MedDietScore compared to patients in remission. Consumption of fibers, fruits, vegetables, and legumes while in remission did not result in reaching the recommended intakes, and dietary quality was low as reflected by the MedDietScore. In conclusion, both protein undernutrition and energy overconsumption were prevalent in the current sample and overall patients adhered to a moderate quality diet irrespective of disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Karachaliou
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Maria Bletsa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, ‘’Sotiria’’ Thoracic Diseases Hospital, 152 Mesogion Avenue, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerassimos J. Mantzaris
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘’Evangelismos-Ophthalmiatreion Athinon-Polykliniki’’ General Hospital, 45–47 Ypsilantou Street, 106 76 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Archavlis
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘’Evangelismos-Ophthalmiatreion Athinon-Polykliniki’’ General Hospital, 45–47 Ypsilantou Street, 106 76 Athens, Greece
| | - George Karampekos
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘’Evangelismos-Ophthalmiatreion Athinon-Polykliniki’’ General Hospital, 45–47 Ypsilantou Street, 106 76 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus “Agios Panteleimon”-General Hospital Dytikis Attikis “Agia Varvara”, 3 Dim. Mantouvalou Street, 184 54 Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, “Sotiria’’ Thoracic Diseases Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Mesogion Avenue, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - George Kokkotis
- GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, “Sotiria’’ Thoracic Diseases Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Mesogion Avenue, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Meropi D. Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
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MENDONÇA CM, Correa NETO IJF, ROLIM ADS, ROBLES L. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: CHARACTERISTICS, EVOLUTION, AND QUALITY OF LIFE. ABCD. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA (SÃO PAULO) 2022; 35:e1653. [PMID: 35730882 PMCID: PMC9254613 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020210002e1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases present progressive and potentially debilitating
characteristics with an impact on health-related quality of life (QoL)
throughout the course of the disease, and this parameter may even be used as a
method of evaluating response to treatment.
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Cox SR, Clarke H, O'Keeffe M, Dubois P, Irving PM, Lindsay JO, Whelan K. Nutrient, Fibre, and FODMAP Intakes and Food-related Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Their Relationship with Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Differing Aetiologies. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:2041-2053. [PMID: 34216206 PMCID: PMC8684455 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Certain foods are reported as gut symptom triggers in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and fructans are shown to worsen non-inflammatory symptoms in inactive IBD, which may result in self-imposed dietary restrictions. The aim of this study was to investigate nutrient and FODMAP intakes, and the relationship between gut symptoms and dietary intake, in IBD. METHODS Nutrient, fibre, and FODMAP intakes were estimated using 7-day food records in patients with active IBD [Active IBD], inactive IBD with non-inflammatory gut symptoms [Inactive IBD-GI], inactive IBD without gut symptoms [Inactive IBD], and healthy controls. Nutrient intakes, numbers of participants achieving national recommendations, and food-related quality of life [FR-QoL] were compared across study groups. RESULTS Food diaries were obtained from 232 patients with IBD [65 Active IBD, 86 Inactive IBD-GI, 81 Inactive IBD] and 84 healthy controls. Patients with Active IBD had significantly lower intakes of numerous micronutrients, including iron, folate, and vitamin C, compared with controls. All IBD groups consumed less total fibre [4.5 to 5.8 g/day] than controls [p = 0.001], and total FODMAP and fructan intakes were lower in Active IBD compared with controls. Strikingly, FR-QoL was significantly lower in all IBD groups compared with controls [all p = 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed lower intakes of fibre, FODMAPs, and micronutrients, in addition to poorer FR-QoL, in Active IBD and Inactive IBD-GI with gut symptoms compared with healthy controls. Future research should address dietary restrictions responsible for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina R Cox
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Hazel Clarke
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Majella O'Keeffe
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
| | - Patrick Dubois
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK
| | - Peter M Irving
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, Royal London Hospital , London, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK
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Prieto JMI, Andrade AR, Magro DO, Imbrizi M, Nishitokukado I, Ortiz-Agostinho CL, dos Santos FM, Luzia LA, Rondo PHDC, Leite AZDA, Carrilho FJ, Sipahi AM. Nutritional Global Status and Its Impact in Crohn's Disease. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021; 4:290-295. [PMID: 34877468 PMCID: PMC8643688 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subjects is well documented in literature and may emerge from factors including inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption and disease activity. The aim of this study was to complete a comprehensive nutrition assessment and explore what possibilities may help bring a better quality of life for IBD subjects. METHODS Nutritional status based on biochemical tests, body composition and body mass index (BMI). Food intake was assessed by an alternate 3-day food record and the adequacy of intake was evaluated according to national and international references. Clinical disease activity was evaluated by the Harvey-Bradshaw index and CRP levels. RESULTS The study included 217 patients and 65 controls, where 54.4% of these patients were classified as normal weight with a mean BMI lower than controls (23.8 ± 4.9 versus 26.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2, P = 0.02). Patients with disease activity showed more overweight and obesity than patients with controlled disease. Vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 19% of Crohn's disease (CD), mainly in patients with ileal commitment and small bowel resections. Anemia was present in 21.7% of patients, being more common in patients with active disease (25%) and bowel resection (23%). Regarding calorie intake (EI), CD group ingested more than controls (1986.3 ± 595.9 kcal versus 1701.8 ± 478.9 kcal; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS CD patients presented micronutrient deficiency when compared with controls, explained for other reasons than intake restrictions. Also, fat excess might have contributed to disease burden as continuously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Midori Iqueda Prieto
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Adriana Ribas Andrade
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daniela Oliveira Magro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Marcello Imbrizi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Iêda Nishitokukado
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo, HC-FMUSP, Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Gastroenterology, LIM 07, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Carmen Lucia Ortiz-Agostinho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo, HC-FMUSP, Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Gastroenterology, LIM 07, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fabiana Maria dos Santos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo, HC-FMUSP, Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Gastroenterology, LIM 07, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Liania Alves Luzia
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - André Zonetti de Arruda Leite
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Flair José Carrilho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Aytan Miranda Sipahi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Differences in Dietary Patterns of Adolescent Patients with IBD. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093119. [PMID: 34578996 PMCID: PMC8471497 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The prevalence of both in pediatric populations has been constantly increasing. This study aimed to analyze the diet of adolescent patients with IBD in comparison to healthy controls and the current dietary standards for the Polish population to further their optimal supplementation regimen. The study group consisted of 53 patients (21 girls and 32 boys) with IBD (CD: n = 27; UC: n = 26) at a mean age of 15.4 ± 2.4 and 14.7 ± 2.2, years for girls and boys, respectively. The control group (CG) consisted of 20 patients, and 72 h of recall diaries on nutrition were collected. The nutritional data were analyzed in the Dieta 6D dietary program. When compared to Polish dietary standards, the largest differences girls with IBD and boys with IBD were found for the intake of energy (61.9 and 71.9%), iodine (61.9 and 62.6%), folates (76.2 and 87.5%), vitamin D (100 and 96.9%), potassium (61.9 and 59.4%), and calcium (85.7 and 93.8%). The overconsumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (61.9 and 56.3%) and sodium (76.2 and 90.6%) in girls and boys, respectively, was noted. In relation to girls with CG, girls with IBD showed a significantly higher intake of energy (1751. 3 vs. 1558.6 p = 0.0224), total protein (71.3 vs. 56.2 p = 0.0217), animal protein (47.8 vs. 34.5 p = 0.0183), total carbohydrates (237.3 vs. 196.1 p = 0.0442), and assimilable carbohydrates (219.8 vs. 180.5 p = 0.7921). Boys in the CG consumed significantly more calcium (851.8 vs. 432 p = 0.0006), phosphorus (1024.3 vs. 1357.5 p = 0.0431), lactose (11.6 vs. 6.1 p = 0.0016), and riboflavin (1.7 vs. 1.3 p = 0.0123) compared to boys with IBD. Dietician care should therefore be mandatorily provided alongside outpatient care. Based on our results, we suggest that supplementation with the selected components be considered.
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Lambert K, Pappas D, Miglioretto C, Javadpour A, Reveley H, Frank L, Grimm MC, Samocha-Bonet D, Hold GL. Systematic review with meta-analysis: dietary intake in adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:742-754. [PMID: 34323292 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor dietary intake is associated with the development of malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, anaemia and osteoporosis in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. While trials are underway to manipulate the diet of people with IBD, there has been no comprehensive systematic review of the dietary intake of adults with IBD. AIMS To conduct a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of the dietary intake of adults with IBD, including macronutrients, micronutrients and food group data. METHODS CINAHL, Embase, Medline and Scopus were searched from 1 January 2000 to 25 September 2020 for cohort, case-control or cross-sectional studies that reported usual dietary intake in adults. Data were pooled and reported as weighted mean intake for: all adults with IBD; Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis; active disease; remission; males; females. A random-effects meta-analysis model compared intake with healthy individuals. RESULTS Forty studies were identified and 19 were included in the meta-analysis. All subgroups of adults with IBD consumed inadequate energy (mean intake in adults with IBD 1980 ± 130 kcal), fibre (14 ± 4 g), folate (246 ± 33 mg) and calcium (529 ± 114 mg) per day. Intake of breads and cereals, legumes, fruit, vegetables and dairy were inadequate. Compared to healthy individuals, adults with IBD consume significantly less dietary fibre (SMD -0.59; 95% CI: -0.73, -0.46). CONCLUSIONS This review provides improved clarity about the dietary intake of adults with IBD. Future attention is required to improve diet quality and increase understanding of factors influencing dietary intake in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lambert
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Pappas
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chiara Miglioretto
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arefeh Javadpour
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah Reveley
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Frank
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael C Grimm
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- Dorit Samocha-Bonet, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgina L Hold
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bilal RM, Liu C, Zhao H, Wang Y, Farag MR, Alagawany M, Hassan FU, Elnesr SS, Elwan HAM, Qiu H, Lin Q. Olive Oil: Nutritional Applications, Beneficial Health Aspects and its Prospective Application in Poultry Production. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:723040. [PMID: 34512350 PMCID: PMC8424077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.723040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols have promoting health features, including anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-allergic effects. These polyphenols improve the immune system by affecting the white blood cell proliferation, as well as by the synthesis of cytokines and other factors, which contribute to immunological resistance. Olive trees are one of the most famous trees in the world. Whereas, olive olive oil and derivatives represent a large group of feeding resource for farm animals. In recent years, remarkable studies have been carried out to show the possible use of olive oil and derivatives for improvement of both animal performance and product quality. In vivo application of olive oil and its derived products has shown to maintain oxidative balance owing to its polyphenolic content. Consumption of extra virgin olive oil reduces the inflammation, limits the risk of liver damage, and prevents the progression of steatohepatitis through its potent antioxidant activities. Also, the monounsaturated fatty acids content of olive oil (particularly oleic acid), might have positive impacts on lipid peroxidation and hepatic protection. Therefore, this review article aims to highlight the nutritional applications and beneficial health aspects of olive oil and its effect on poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Bilal
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Chunjie Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Haohan Zhao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Deren Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Changde, China
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Faiz-ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hamada A. M. Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Huajiao Qiu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Deren Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Changde, China
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Steell L, Gray SR, Russell RK, MacDonald J, Seenan JP, Wong SC, Gaya DR. Pathogenesis of Musculoskeletal Deficits in Children and Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082899. [PMID: 34445056 PMCID: PMC8398806 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal deficits are among the most commonly reported extra-intestinal manifestations and complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially in those with Crohn’s disease. The adverse effects of IBD on bone and muscle are multifactorial, including the direct effects of underlying inflammatory disease processes, nutritional deficits, and therapeutic effects. These factors also indirectly impact bone and muscle by interfering with regulatory pathways. Resultantly, individuals with IBD are at increased risk of osteoporosis and sarcopenia and associated musculoskeletal morbidity. In paediatric IBD, these factors may contribute to suboptimal bone and muscle accrual. This review evaluates the main pathogenic factors associated with musculoskeletal deficits in children and adults with IBD and summarises the current literature and understanding of the musculoskeletal phenotype in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Steell
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (L.S.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Stuart R. Gray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (L.S.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Richard K. Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Jonathan MacDonald
- Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK; (J.M.); (J.P.S.)
| | - John Paul Seenan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK; (J.M.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Sze Choong Wong
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK;
| | - Daniel R. Gaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
- Correspondence:
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13
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Moran GW, Thapaliya G. The Gut-Brain Axis and Its Role in Controlling Eating Behavior in Intestinal Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030981. [PMID: 33803651 PMCID: PMC8003054 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition represents a major problem in the clinical management of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Presently, our understanding of the cross-link between eating behavior and intestinal inflammation is still in its infancy. Crohn's disease patients with active disease exhibit strong hedonic desires for food and emotional eating patterns possibly to ameliorate feelings of low mood, anxiety, and depression. Impulsivity traits seen in IBD patients may predispose them to palatable food intake as an immediate reward rather than concerns for future health. The upregulation of enteroendocrine cells (EEC) peptide response to food intake has been described in ileal inflammation, which may lead to alterations in gut-brain signaling with implications for appetite and eating behavior. In summary, a complex interplay of gut peptides, psychological, cognitive factors, disease-related symptoms, and inflammatory burden may ultimately govern eating behavior in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon William Moran
- National Institute of Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
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14
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Day AS, Davis R, Costello SP, Yao CK, Andrews JM, Bryant RV. The Adequacy of Habitual Dietary Fiber Intake in Individuals With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:688-708.e3. [PMID: 33485803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fiber may influence disease course in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet there is a paucity of understanding of habitual fiber intakes. OBJECTIVES To identify studies measuring fiber intakes of individuals with IBD, compare the adequacy of fiber intakes with that of control groups or respective national dietary guidelines, and examine factors associated with fiber consumption. METHODS Five electronic databases-MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PROQUEST, and COCHRANE LIBRARY-were systematically searched, using search terms inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, dietary intake, and fiber, until December 2019, with hand searching of reference lists. Primary studies were included if fiber intakes were measured in participants 18 years of age or older, with confirmed IBD, with or without comparison to a control. RESULTS A total of 2105 publications were identified, and 26 met inclusion criteria. Total fiber intake of 4164 participants with IBD ranged broadly (9.9 ± 7.8 g/day to 21.0 ± 10.5 g/day). Most (18/26) used cross-sectional study design, with a large degree of heterogeneity in tools measuring fiber intake. Sixty-six percent of studies comparing participants with IBD with control groups found that participants with IBD consumed significantly less fiber than control subjects. Four studies reported that less than 10% to 21% of IBD participants met their national fiber recommendations. Data conflicted regarding an association between disease type, disease activity, or rate of relapse and fiber intake. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with IBD consume less fiber than healthy populations. Fiber intakes are inadequate compared with respective national fiber guidelines. Interpretation of factors associated with fiber intakes were limited by data quality and conflicting results. Future research is required into factors associated with fiber intake and whether increasing fiber intakes can influence disease course and behavior.
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15
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Davis R, Day A, Barrett J, Vanlint A, Andrews JM, Costello SP, Bryant RV. Habitual dietary fibre and prebiotic intake is inadequate in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a multicentre cross‐sectional study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:420-428. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Davis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Services The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woodville South SA Australia
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics College of Nursing and Health Sciences Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia
| | - A. Day
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Services The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woodville South SA Australia
- School of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - J. Barrett
- Department of Gastroenterology Monash University Central Clinical SchoolThe Alfred Centre Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - A. Vanlint
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Services The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woodville South SA Australia
| | - J. M Andrews
- School of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Service Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide SA Australia
| | - S. P. Costello
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Services The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woodville South SA Australia
- School of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - R. V. Bryant
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Services The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woodville South SA Australia
- School of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
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Cioffi I, Imperatore N, Di Vincenzo O, Pagano MC, Santarpia L, Pellegrini L, Testa A, Marra M, Contaldo F, Castiglione F, Pasanisi F. Evaluation of nutritional adequacy in adult patients with Crohn's disease: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3647-3658. [PMID: 32072266 PMCID: PMC7669764 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Inadequate oral intake may play an important role in the onset of malnutrition in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). The aims of this cross-sectional study were: (1) to compare dietary intake in clinically active and quiescent CD patients, and (2) to assess patients’ nutritional adequacy relative to the dietary reference values (DRVs) for the Italian population using LARN (Livelli di Assunzione di Riferimento di Nutrienti ed energia per la popolazione italiana). Methods Patients aged between 18 and 65 years with a diagnosis of CD were recruited. All participants underwent anthropometry and were instructed to fill in a 3-day food record. Disease activity was clinically defined using the Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI). Results Overall, 117 patients, 71 males and 46 females, with a mean age of 39.6 ± 13.8 years and a mean body weight of 65.4 ± 11.8 kg, were ultimately included. Our findings showed that the amount of nutrients was similar between patients with active and quiescent disease. The mean intake of macronutrients was adequate, except for fiber, while dietary micronutrients were insufficient. Median intakes of sodium, phosphorus, and fluorine met LARN recommendations in both sexes, and the DRVs were accomplished by many patients (53/117; 104/117 and 98/117, respectively). Interestingly, dietary amounts of iron and zinc were barely acceptable in males but not in females. However, a few of the patients (< 15) met the LARN for potassium, calcium, and magnesium, regardless of sex and CDAI. With respect to vitamins, no relevant difference was found between the active and quiescent groups, and none of them met recommended values in both sexes. Conclusions This study showed that the assessment of dietary intake can be crucial for optimizing dietary intervention with focused nutrition counseling, to improve nutritional status in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Cioffi
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Imperatore
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Olivia Di Vincenzo
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Carmen Pagano
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lidia Santarpia
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucienne Pellegrini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Testa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marra
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Contaldo
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pasanisi
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Marcil V, Levy E, Amre D, Bitton A, Sant’Anna AMGDA, Szilagy A, Sinnett D, Seidman EG. A Cross-Sectional Study on Malnutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Is There a Difference Based on Pediatric or Adult Age Grouping? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1428-1441. [PMID: 30793155 PMCID: PMC6635818 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition, commonly observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and is attributed to multiple causes. The added energy costs of growth in the child and adolescent with IBD are an additional risk factor. METHODS The aim of the study was to perform a cross-sectional comparison of nutritional parameters in IBD between pediatric and adult cases. RESULTS We found that prevalence of undernutrition (low body mass index) and hypoalbuminemia was not different in pediatric, compared with adult patients. Anemia and iron deficiency were more often observed in pediatric subjects, compared with adults (59.1% vs 36.9%, respectively, P < 0.0001; and 37.9% vs 25.3%, P < 0.002). Vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly less common in the pediatric than in the adult group (5.4% vs 19.4%, P < 0.0001). Elevated C-reactive protein was more frequent in pediatric compared with adult cases (49.8% vs 38.4%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Patients with active Crohn's disease were more likely to be undernourished in both pediatric and adult populations. In both groups, predicators of undernutrition included low albumin levels (odds ratio [OR], 2.53; P < 0.006) and active disease (OR, 1.99; P < 0.03). Our results call for close surveillance of nutritional status for IBD patients, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Marcil
- IBD Research Group, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Centre, Sainte-Justine UHC,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Devendra Amre
- Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Bitton
- IBD Research Group, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Centre, Sainte-Justine UHC
| | | | - Andrew Szilagy
- IBD Research Group, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Centre, Sainte-Justine UHC
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ernest G Seidman
- IBD Research Group, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Centre, Sainte-Justine UHC,Address correspondence to: Ernest Seidman, MD, Center for IBD Research, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, MGH Campus, 1650 Cedar Avenue, #C10.145, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1A4 ()
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18
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Taylor L, Almutairdi A, Shommu N, Fedorak R, Ghosh S, Reimer RA, Panaccione R, Raman M. Cross-Sectional Analysis of Overall Dietary Intake and Mediterranean Dietary Pattern in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1761. [PMID: 30441814 PMCID: PMC6266729 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to explore the macro- and micro-nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Secondary objectives were to (a) compare the micronutrient intakes of CD patients with a representative sample of individuals, (b) describe the macro- and micronutrient intakes of male and female CD patients, and (c) describe Mediterranean diet scores (P-MDS) of male and female CD patients in remission that were recruited from an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinic in Calgary, AB. Consecutive patients with ileal and/or colonic CD in endoscopic remission were recruited for participation in this cross-sectional study. Sixty-seven patients were enrolled with a mean age of 45, and a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25. Compared with the representative sample, patients with CD had similar energy, protein, carbohydrate, and total fat intake. However, polyunsaturated fats (PUFA), omega-6 and 3, and monounsaturated fats (MUFA) were lower in CD patients and dietary fiber intake was higher (p < 0.05). Vitamins C, D, thiamin, niacin, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and potassium were all significantly lower in all CD patients when compared to the representative sample (p < 0.05). Few patients with CD met the P-MDS criteria and overall scores were low (mean 4.5, Standard Deviation (SD) = 1.1 in males and 4.7, SD = 1.8 in females). The CD patients in this study had suboptimal dietary intakes and patterns and these data may be used to inform future dietary interventions in this population to improve intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorian Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | | | - Nusrat Shommu
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Richard Fedorak
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada.
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and Birmingham University Hospitals, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Tomazoni EI, Benvegnú DM. SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION, AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2018; 55:148-153. [PMID: 30043864 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201800000-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease. It is classified as an inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's disease can change patient quality of life, especially during flares. Crohn's disease has been associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, because the clinical symptoms have a high impact on quality of life. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in Brazilian patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease, as well as their quality of life. METHODS A total of 110 Brazilian patients aged 21-59 years, both genders, with Crohn's disease were included. The data were collected through questionnaires. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression symptoms. Quality of life was evaluated using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Duncan post-hoc test and the multiple linear regression test. RESULTS Of the total, 61.7% of participants reported symptoms of anxiety or depression or both. Regarding quality of life, the majority (43.6%) were classified as "regular" and the minority (3.6%) as "excellent". Multiple linear regression showed that worse quality of life correlated with greater presence of anxiety and depression symptoms (<0.001). CONCLUSION Crohn's disease has considerable impact on quality of life and contributes to the appearance of anxiety and/or depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalila Moter Benvegnú
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Bioquímica da Nutrição. Campus Realeza, Realeza, PR, Brasil
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20
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Principi M, Losurdo G, Iannone A, Contaldo A, Deflorio V, Ranaldo N, Pisani A, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, Barone M. Differences in dietary habits between patients with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission and a healthy population. Ann Gastroenterol 2018; 31:469-473. [PMID: 29991892 PMCID: PMC6033751 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) change their dietary habits according to suggestions from their healthcare team, no restriction is required in the remission phase. Accordingly, we compared eating patterns in IBD patients with drug-induced clinical remission with those in healthy subjects. METHODS A total of 150 IBD patients, 84 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 66 with ulcerative colitis (UC), in clinical remission, receiving immunomodulator/biologic therapy, and 100 healthy volunteers (controls) were enrolled. The IBD diagnosis had previously been established by a combined assessment of symptoms, endoscopy, histology and abdominal imaging. Clinical remission was defined as a Harvey Bradshaw index <5 for CD and a partial Mayo score <2 for UC. An experienced nutritionist guided the compilation of a food diary for 7 days according to current guidelines. Macronutrient and fiber intake was evaluated using dedicated software. Comparison between continuous variables was performed using Student's t-test or analysis of variance plus Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Categorical variables were tested with the χ2 test. RESULTS No difference in protein and carbohydrate intake was observed. IBD patients ate more calories (1970.7±348.4 vs. 1882.1±280.2 kcal/day, P=0.03), more lipids (68.9±15.2 vs. 59.4±19.0 g/day, P<0.001) and less fibers (11.9±4.7 vs. 15.5±8.3 g/day, P<0.001) than controls. No significant difference in total calories, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates or fibers was seen between CD and UC patients. CONCLUSION IBD patients have a different macronutrient and fiber intake compared to healthy subjects, even when clinical remission and no symptoms do not dictate dietary restrictions. Therefore, psychological issues may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariabeatrice Principi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Losurdo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Iannone
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Contaldo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Deflorio
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Ranaldo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Enzo Ierardi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
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Wardle RA, Thapaliya G, Nowak A, Radford S, Dalton M, Finlayson G, Moran GW. An Examination of Appetite and Disordered Eating in Active Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:819-825. [PMID: 29617753 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease [CD] patients suffer from nutritional deficiencies when in active disease. We aim to examine calorific intake, macronutrient choice, and disordered eating behaviour in patients with active CD. METHODS CD patients with matched healthy volunteers [HV] were recruited. Active disease was defined by faecal calprotectin >250 µg/g, C-reactive protein 83.8 ± 47.1 mg/dL, or active disease seen on endoscopy or imaging. Symptoms were quantified by Harvey‑Bradshaw Index [HBI]. Calorific intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recall. Disordered eating was assessed using validated questionnaires: Binge Eating Scale [BES]; Power of Food Scale [PFS]; Control of Eating Questionnaire [CoEQ]; Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire [DEBQ]; and Three Factor Eating Questionnaire [TFEQ]. RESULTS Totals of 30 CD (18 male[M]:12 female [F], age 32.3 ± 2.19 years, body mass index [BMI] 24.9 ± 0.8) and 31 matched HV [19 M:12 F, age 32.8 ± 2.0 years, BMI 24.7 ± 0.5] were recruited. Mean faecal calprotectin was 1032.5 ± 176 µg/g, C-reactive protein 8.38 ± 4.71 mg/dL, and HBI 4.8 ± 1. There were no significant differences in calorific intake between groups. Protein intake was lower in the CD cohort [p = 0.03]. Hospital Anxiety and Depression score was higher [p = 0.01] and CoEQ-Positive Mood [p = 0.001] lower in CD. CD patients were characterised by higher BES [p = 0.01] and lower CoEQ Craving Control [p = 0.027], with greater craving for Sweet [p = 0.043] and Savoury [p = 0.021] foods. PFS food Present [p = 0.005], DEBQ Emotional [p =< 0.001], and External Eating [p = 0.022] were significantly higher than among HV. CONCLUSIONS Reduced protein consumption and more prevalent disordered eating behaviour traits were present in CD. Greater binge eating and decreased control of cravings may be attributed to lower mood and higher anxiety observed. Patients may benefit from stronger psychological support with firm dietetic advice for healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Anthony Wardle
- National Institute for Health Research [NIHR] Biomedical Research Centre in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- National Institute for Health Research [NIHR] Biomedical Research Centre in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Adam Nowak
- National Institute for Health Research [NIHR] Biomedical Research Centre in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shellie Radford
- National Institute for Health Research [NIHR] Biomedical Research Centre in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michelle Dalton
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Gordon W Moran
- National Institute for Health Research [NIHR] Biomedical Research Centre in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to estimate intake of total dietary fiber, and its soluble and insoluble fractions, by children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS This was a prospective controlled study on children with IBD. Food consumption data were collected by using the 3-day diet record. For intake of soluble and insoluble fibers author's questionnaire was used. RESULTS The study included 50 children with IBD (80% in clinical remission) and 50 healthy controls. There were no statistically significant differences in age, weight, height, and BMI percentiles between both groups. The mean disease duration was 3.5 ± 2.5 years. The daily median dietary fiber intake in patients was 15.3 ± 4.2 g, whereas controls consumed about 14.1 ± 3.6 g/day; differences were not statistically significant. The median intake of soluble fiber in the study group was 5.0 g/day and in controls 4.7 g/day, whereas the intake of insoluble fractions was 10.2 versus 9.7 g/day, respectively. The total fiber intake significantly increased with age and it was higher among boys in each age group. The boys better achieved adequate intake recommendations (P = 0.003). Both, children with IBD and healthy controls, did not meet the adequate intake recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Intake of fiber in patients with IBD and healthy controls was comparable; however, in both groups, it was lower than recommended.
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Nosrati N, Bakovic M, Paliyath G. Molecular Mechanisms and Pathways as Targets for Cancer Prevention and Progression with Dietary Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2050. [PMID: 28946660 PMCID: PMC5666732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique feature of bioactive food ingredients is their broad antioxidant function. Antioxidants having a wide spectrum of chemical structure and activity beyond basic nutrition; display different health benefits by the prevention and progression of chronic diseases. Functional food components are capable of enhancing the natural antioxidant defense system by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, protecting and repairing DNA damage, as well as modulating the signal transduction pathways and gene expression. Major pathways affected by bioactive food ingredients include the pro-inflammatory pathways regulated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), as well as those associated with cytokines and chemokines. The present review summarizes the importance of plant bioactives and their roles in the regulation of inflammatory pathways. Bioactives influence several physiological processes such as gene expression, cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, cell migration, etc., resulting in cancer prevention. Cancer initiation is associated with changes in metabolic pathways such as glucose metabolism, and the effect of bioactives in normalizing this process has been provided. Initiation and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) which increase the chances of developing of colorectal cancers can be downregulated by plant bioactives. Several aspects of the potential roles of microRNAs and epigenetic modifications in the development of cancers have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Nosrati
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Gopinadhan Paliyath
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Molnár A, Csontos ÁA, Kovács I, Anton ÁD, Pálfi E, Miheller P. Body composition assessment of Crohn’s outpatients and comparison with gender- and age-specific multiple matched control pairs. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1246-1250. [PMID: 28656973 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Holt DQ, Strauss BJ, Moore GT. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease and their treating clinicians have different views regarding diet. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 30:66-72. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Q. Holt
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit; Monash Health; Clayton VIC Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences; Monash University; Clayton VIC Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Monash Health; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - B. J. Strauss
- School of Clinical Sciences; Monash University; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - G. T. Moore
- School of Clinical Sciences; Monash University; Clayton VIC Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Monash Health; Clayton VIC Australia
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Anderson JL, Hedin CR, Benjamin JL, Koutsoumpas A, Ng SC, Hart AL, Forbes A, Stagg AJ, Lindsay JO, Whelan K. Dietary intake of inulin-type fructans in active and inactive Crohn's disease and healthy controls: a case-control study. J Crohns Colitis 2015. [PMID: 26221003 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prebiotic inulin-type fructans are widely consumed in the diet and may have contrasting effects in Crohn's disease by stimulating gut microbiota and/or by generating functional gastrointestinal symptoms. The aim of this study was to measure fructan and oligofructose intakes in patients with active and inactive Crohn's disease compared with healthy controls. METHODS Patients with active Crohn's disease (n = 98), inactive Crohn's (n = 99) and healthy controls (n = 106) were recruited to a case-control study. Dietary intake of inulin-type fructans was measured using a specific food frequency questionnaire and was compared between the three groups and between patients with different disease phenotypes (Montreal classification). Associations between intakes and disease activity (Harvey-Bradshaw Index, HBI) were also undertaken. RESULTS Patients with active Crohn's disease had lower fructan intakes (median 2.9 g/d, interquartile range [IQR] 1.8) than those with inactive Crohn's (3.6 g/d, 2.1, p = 0.036) or controls (3.9 g/d, 2.1, p = 0.003) and lower oligofructose intakes (2.8 g/d, 1.8) than those with inactive Crohn's (3.5 g/d, 2.2, p = 0.048) or controls (3.8 g/d, 2.1, p = 0.003). There were no differences in intakes related to disease site or behaviour. There were negative correlations between HBI well-being score and fructan intake (ρ = -0.154, p = 0.03) and oligofructose intake (ρ = -0.156, p = 0.028) and for the HBI abdominal pain score and fructan (ρ = -0.164, p = 0.021) and oligofructose intake (ρ = -0.157, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Patients with active Crohn's disease consume lower quantities of fructans and oligofructose than their inactive counterparts and healthy controls. The impact of lower intakes of prebiotic fructans on gut microbiota is unknown and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Anderson
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, London , UK
| | - Charlotte R Hedin
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, London , UK
| | - Jane L Benjamin
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, London , UK
| | - Andreas Koutsoumpas
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, London , UK
| | - Siew C Ng
- St Marks's Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Alastair Forbes
- Centre for Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Stagg
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK Digestive Diseases Department, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London , UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, London , UK
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Soares-Mota M, Silva TA, Gomes LM, Pinto MAS, Mendonça LMC, Farias MLF, Nunes T, Ramalho A, Zaltman C. High prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in Crohn's disease patients according to serum retinol levels and the relative dose-response test. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1614-1620. [PMID: 25663781 PMCID: PMC4316104 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the vitamin A status of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) by evaluating serum retinol levels and the relative dose response (RDR) test (liver retinol stores).
METHODS: Vitamin A nutritional status was measured by serum retinol obtained by high performance liquid chromatography and the RDR test for evaluation of the hepatic stores. Body composition was performed by densitometry by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vitamin A dietary intake was assessed from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.
RESULTS: This study included 38 CD patients and 33 controls. Low serum retinol concentrations were detected in 29% of CD patients vs 15% in controls (P < 0.005). The RDR test was positive in 37% of CD patients vs 12% in controls, which indicated inadequate hepatic vitamin A stores (P < 0.005). Individuals with hypovitaminosis A had lower BMI and body fat compared with those without this deficiency. There was no association between vitamin A deficiency and its dietary intake, ileal location, presence of disease activity and prior bowel resections.
CONCLUSION: Patients with CD have higher prevalence of vitamin A deficiency, as assessed by two independent methods.
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Oliveira VRB, Rocha R, Lopes MB, Coqueiro FG, Almeida NS, Valois SS, Santana GO. Factors Associated with Low Intake of Dietary Fiber in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.611159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Nutritional care and therapy forms an integral part of the management of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Nutritional deficiencies result from reduced oral intake, malabsorption, medication side effects and systemic inflammation due to active disease. Enteral nutrition has a role in support for the malnourished patient, as well as in primary therapy to induce and maintain remission. The use of parenteral nutrition in CD is mainly limited to the preoperative setting or for patients with intestinal failure, but does not offer any additional advantage over EN in disease control. Dietary modifications, including elimination-reintroduction diets and a low fermentable, oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet may improve symptoms but there are currently no data to suggest that these approaches have any role in the induction or maintenance of remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare F Donnellan
- Consultant Gastroenterologist, Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, Bexley Wing, Level 4, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
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Urbano APS, Sassaki LY, Dorna MS, Carvalhaes MADBL, Martini LA, Ferreira ALA. Nutritional intake according to injury extent in ulcerative colitis patients. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 26:445-51. [PMID: 23560822 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is often associated with nutritional deficiency, which appears to contribute to the progression of UC severity. The present study aimed to evaluate nutritional status and dietary intake in UC remission patients. METHODS The present study comprised a cross-sectional study in which variables such as extent of disease (distal colitis, left-sided colitis, pancolitis), remission period, sex and age were recorded. Extent of disease was assessed by the results of a colonoscopy and dietary intake was evaluated by using 3-day, 24-h recalls. A Kruskall-Wallis test was used to compare the intake of macro- and micronutrients among the three study groups. The analysis was complemented by the Mann-Whitney test. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictive factors of extent of disease (pancolitis versus left-sided colitis versus distal colitis). RESULTS The median (range) age of the 59 patients was 49.0 (37.0-63.0) years and 53.3% were female. Twenty-six (44.1%) patients had distal colitis, 11 (18.6%) patients had left-sided colitis and 22 (37.3%) patients had pancolitis. A high probability of an inadequate intake of fibre (100%), fat soluble vitamins (>40% for vitamin A and >95% for vitamin E), vitamin C (>34%), calcium (>90%) and magnesium (>50%) was identified in the study group. Vitamin D intake (odds ratio = 0.60; 95% confidence interval = 0.39-0.94; P < 0.05) was significantly associated with increased intestinal damage. CONCLUSIONS A large number of individuals showed an inadequate intake of nutrients. In addition, the consumption of vitamin D was significantly associated with extent of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P S Urbano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School at Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Hwang C, Ross V, Mahadevan U. Micronutrient deficiencies in inflammatory bowel disease: from A to zinc. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1961-81. [PMID: 22488830 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has classically been associated with malnutrition and weight loss, although this has become less common with advances in treatment and greater proportions of patients attaining clinical remission. However, micronutrient deficiencies are still relatively common, particularly in CD patients with active small bowel disease and/or multiple resections. This is an updated literature review of the prevalence of major micronutrient deficiencies in IBD patients, focusing on those associated with important extraintestinal complications, including anemia (iron, folate, vitamin B12) bone disease (calcium, vitamin D, and possibly vitamin K), hypercoagulability (folate, vitamins B6, and B12), wound healing (zinc, vitamins A and C), and colorectal cancer risk (folate and possibly vitamin D and calcium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hwang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Cohen D, Bin CM, Fayh APT. Assessment of quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease residing in Southern Brazil. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2011; 47:285-9. [PMID: 21140091 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032010000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic diseases have an impact on the quality of life of the individuals. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of life of adults with inflammatory bowel disease by the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire certified for Portuguese language. METHODS We interviewed 50 individuals from both genders aged from 18 to 60 years old, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, regardless of disease activity. RESULTS The average age of the sample was 42.2 ± 13.6 years old, the disease length was 98.8 ± 74.3 months, and 72% of patients had Crohn's disease and 14% presented disease activity. There was no significant difference in questionnaire scores of patients with different inflammatory bowel disease when they are in the remission phase (172.0 ± 42.4 and 173.6 ± 28.2 for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, respectively, P = 0.886). When compared to scores of patients who were in crisis, it was found that they have a lower quality of life that patients in remission (123.8 ± 44.5 and 173.3 ± 31.5 for patients in crisis and remission, respectively, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION It was noticed that the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease did not differ among patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, when patients are in remission. The main aspect which determines the loss of quality of life would be being at the stage of disease activity.
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Silva AFD, Schieferdecker MEM, Amarante HMBDS. Ingestão alimentar em pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-67202011000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RACIONAL: Pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal podem apresentar deficiências nutricionais. OBJETIVO: Verificar a adequação da ingestão alimentar de pacientes com doença de Crohn e retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica. MÉTODOS: Para avaliação da ingestão alimentar de 55 pacientes, 28 com doença de Crohn e 27 com retocolite ulcerativa atendidos em ambulatório de gastroenterologia, utilizou-se o Recordatório Alimentar de 24 Horas e o Questionário de Frequência Alimentar. A atividade inflamatória da doença foi avaliada pelos níveis séricos de proteína C reativa e o Índice de Harvey e Bradshaw. Para comparação de médias foi usado o teste t não pareado e, para as médias não paramétricas, o teste de Mann-Whitney, considerando nível de significância valor de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes tinham idade entre 19 e 63 anos e tempo de diagnóstico de 7,9 anos (1 a 22). De acordo com a ingestão alimentar identificou-se deficiência na ingestão de energia, fibras, ferro, potássio, sódio, magnésio, cálcio, menadiona, riboflavina, niacina, folato, ácido pantotênico, tocoferol e colecalciferol na doença de Crohn e na retocolite ulcerativa em atividade ou em remissão. A ingestão de legumes, frutas, laticínios e feijão foi baixa, e a de doces e gorduras foi maior que as recomendações. CONCLUSÃO: Houve deficiência na ingestão alimentar tanto na doença de Crohn como na retocolite ulcerativa, em atividade e em remissão. Essas deficiências podem afetar negativamente o curso da doença e justificam a necessidade de intervenção nutricional com esses pacientes.
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Gerasimidis K, McGrogan P, Edwards CA. The aetiology and impact of malnutrition in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011; 24:313-26. [PMID: 21564345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disease-associated undernutrition of all types is very common in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent weight loss remains one of the triad of clinical manifestations and a cornerstone for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD), although significantly fewer patients now present as being underweight. Recent evidence suggests that the introduction of medical treatment will quickly restore body weight, although this does not reflect concomitant changes in body composition. CD children present with features of nutritional cachexia with normal fat stores but depleted lean mass. Poor bone health, delayed puberty and growth failure are additional features that further complicate clinical management. Suboptimal nutritional intake is a main determinant of undernutrition, although activation of the immune system and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines exert additional independent effects. Biochemically low concentrations of plasma micronutrients are commonly reported in IBD patients, although their interpretation is difficult in the presence of an acute phase response and other indices of body stores adequacy are needed. Anaemia is a common extraintestinal manifestation of the IBD child. Iron-deficient anaemia is the predominant type, with anaemia of chronic disease second. Decreased dietary intake, as a result of decreased appetite and food aversion, is the major cause of undernutrition in paediatric IBD. Altered energy and nutrient requirements, malabsorption and increased gastrointestinal losses are additional factors, although their contribution to undernutrition in paediatric CD needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition Section, Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, UK.
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Kallel L, Feki M, Sekri W, Segheir L, Fekih M, Boubaker J, Kaabachi N, Filali A. Prevalence and risk factors of hyperhomocysteinemia in Tunisian patients with Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis 2011; 5:110-4. [PMID: 21453879 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) and its determinants in Crohn's disease (CD) remain uncertain. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of HHC and its main risk factors in Tunisian patients with CD. METHODS This study included 89 patients with CD and 103 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Fasting venous blood was collected in all subjects allowing the assessment of homocysteine, folate, vitamin B(12), C-reactive protein and creatinine levels. Logistic regression models were applied to identify factors associated with HHC in CD patients. RESULTS Plasma homocysteine was higher (13.69 ± 4.84μmol/l vs. 10.77 ± 2.80μmol/l; p<0.01) and HHC was more frequent (31.5% vs. 7.8%; p<0.001) in patients compared with controls. The association between HHC and CD persisted after adjustment for smoking, body mass index and serum folate, vitamin B(12), creatinine and C-reactive protein. In patients with CD, multivariate analysis showed that HHC was positively associated with age [multi-adjusted odds-ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.14 (1.06-1.24); p<0.001], active disease [7.54 (1.15-49.3); p=0.03], disease duration >2 years [8.69 (1.53-49.3); p=0.02] and inversely related to plasma folate [0.64 (0.48-0.84); p=0.002] and vitamin B(12) (0.993 (0.987-0.999); p=0.02]. CONCLUSION HHC is common in Tunisian patients with CD and is related to B vitamins deficit, as well as disease activity and duration. Further studies should test the effect of correction of HHC by vitamin B supplementation on progression and complications of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Kallel
- UR 99/08-34, Service of Gastroenterology A, Rabta Hospital, 1007 Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Mijac DD, Janković GLJ, Jorga J, Krstić MN. Nutritional status in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence of malnutrition and methods for routine nutritional assessment. Eur J Intern Med 2010; 21:315-9. [PMID: 20603043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Malnutrition is a common feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There are numerous methods for the assessment of nutritional status, but the gold standard has not yet been established. The aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition and to evaluate methods for routine nutritional assessment of active IBD patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-three patients with active Crohn disease, 53 patients with active ulcerative colitis and 30 controls were included in the study. The nutritional status was assessed by extensive anthropometric measurements, percentage of weight loss in the past 1-6 months and biochemical markers of nutrition. RESULTS All investigated nutritional parameters were significantly different in IBD patients compared to control subjects, except MCV, tryglicerides and serum total protein level. Serum albumin level and body mass index (BMI) were the most predictive parameters of malnutrition. According to different assessment methods the prevalence of undernutrition and severe undernutrition in patients with active IBD were 25.0%-69.7% and 1.3%-31.6%, respectively, while in the control subjects no abnormalities have been detected. There was no statistically significant difference of nutritional parameters between UC and CD patients except lower mid-arm muscle circumference in UC group. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition is common in IBD patients. BMI and serum albumin are simple and convenient methods for the assessment of the nutritional status in IBD patients. Further studies with larger group of patients are necessary to elucidate the prevalence of malnutrition and the most accurate assessment methods in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana D Mijac
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Hartman C, Eliakim R, Shamir R. Nutritional status and nutritional therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:2570-8. [PMID: 19496185 PMCID: PMC2691486 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Underweight and specific nutrient deficiencies are frequent in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, a significant number of children with IBD, especially Crohn’s disease (CD) have impaired linear growth. Nutrition has an important role in the management of IBD. In adults with CD, enteral nutrition (EN) is effective in inducing clinical remission of IBD, although it is less efficient than corticosteroids. Exclusive EN is an established primary therapy for pediatric CD. Limited data suggests that EN is as efficient as corticosteroids for induction of remission. Additional advantages of nutritional therapy are control of inflammation, mucosal healing, positive benefits to growth and overall nutritional status with minimal adverse effects. The available evidence suggests that supplementary EN may be effective also for maintenance of remission in CD. More studies are needed to confirm these findings. However, EN supplementation could be considered as an alternative or as an adjunct to maintenance drug therapy in CD. EN does not have a primary therapeutic role in ulcerative colitis. Specific compositions of enteral diets-elemental diets or diets containing specific components-were not shown to have any advantage over standard polymeric diets and their place in the treatment of CD or UC need further evaluation. Recent theories suggest that diet may be implicated in the etiology of IBD, however there are no proven dietary approaches to reduce the risk of developing IBD.
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Assy N, Nassar F, Nasser G, Grosovski M. Olive oil consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:1809-15. [PMID: 19370776 PMCID: PMC2670406 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical implications of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) derive from their potential to progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inappropriate dietary fat intake, excessive intake of soft drinks, insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress results in increased free fatty acid delivery to the liver and increased hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation. An olive oil-rich diet decreases accumulation of TGs in the liver, improves postprandial TGs, glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1 responses in insulin-resistant subjects, and upregulates glucose transporter-2 expression in the liver. The principal mechanisms include: decreased nuclear factor-kappaB activation, decreased low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and improved insulin resistance by reduced production of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6) and improvement of jun N-terminal kinase-mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. The beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet is derived from monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly from olive oil. In this review, we describe the dietary sources of the monounsaturated fatty acids, the composition of olive oil, dietary fats and their relationship to insulin resistance and postprandial lipid and glucose responses in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, clinical and experimental studies that assess the relationship between olive oil and NAFLD, and the mechanism by which olive oil ameliorates fatty liver, and we discuss future perspectives.
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