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Yang M, Wang Z, Cao X, Zhu J, Chen Y. Susceptibility or resilience to childhood peer abuse can be explained by cortical thickness in brain regions involved in emotional regulation. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 342:111829. [PMID: 38875765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Experiencing peer abuse in childhood can damage mental health, but some people exhibit resilience against these negative outcomes. However, it remains uncertain which specific changes in brain structures are associated with this type of resilience. We categorized 217 participants into three groups: resilience group, susceptibility group, and healthy control group, based on their experiences of peer abuse and mental health problems. They underwent MRI scans to measure cortical thickness in various brain regions of the prefrontal cortex. We employed covariance analysis to compare cortical thickness among these groups. Individuals who resilient to anxiety exhibited smaller cortical thickness in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and with larger thickness in the right medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), while those resilient to stress was associated with smaller thickness in both the bilateral IFG and bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG). These findings deepen our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying resilience and offer insight into improving individual resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchun Yang
- Center for Early Environment and Brain Development, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengxinyue Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders of Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders of Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Center for Early Environment and Brain Development, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Center for Early Environment and Brain Development, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University; Guangzhou, China.
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Kim JY, Zhang L, Gruber AM, Kim SK, Holmes MR, Brevda A. Prenatal Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Child Developmental Outcomes: A Scoping Review Study. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2249-2263. [PMID: 37997428 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231209434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women face an increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). In addition to the risk of violence faced by women, there is a dual concern for risk of harm to the fetus. Expanding knowledge on childbirth outcomes, other domains of children's development have been examined in recent literature. Yet, there is limited comprehensive knowledge in the area. This scoping review study, informed by ecobiodevelopmental theory, mapped evidence associating prenatal IPV exposure and children's development. We searched eight databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and ERIC. Thirty-one empirical studies published in English that associated prenatal IPV exposure and children's development were eligible for our review. Included studies were published between 2006 and 2022, with 39% published in the most recent 5 years. Eighteen studies had sample sizes smaller than 500, and 21 were atheoretical; six failed to consider covariates. Reviewed studies showed adverse effects of prenatal IPV exposure on psychological, behavioral, physical health, and physiological outcomes, either directly or indirectly via mechanisms such as maternal behavioral health. Due to inconsistency in results and a lack of empirical evidence, however, social and cognitive outcomes were identified as needing further research to enhance our understanding of the global and domain-specific effects of prenatal IPV exposure. Prospective longitudinal studies, driven by theories of causal mechanisms, which adjust for empirically qualified confounders, will be critical to inform practice and policy to promote healthy development of prenatally IPV-exposed children. Incorporating strengths/asset-focused outcomes and examining contextual factors and sex/gender specific effects may advance the knowledge in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Yung Kim
- Department of Social Work, College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Raymond. A. Kent School of Social Work and Family Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Sun Kyung Kim
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Megan R Holmes
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Brevda
- Department of Social Work, College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Preston A, Rew L, Young CC. A Systematic Scoping Review of Psychological Capital Related to Mental Health in Youth. J Sch Nurs 2023; 39:72-86. [PMID: 34898323 DOI: 10.1177/10598405211060415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological capital (PsyCap) is a term coined in organizational psychology and refers to a person's development of states that motivate behavior. Also known in the literature as PsyCap, this construct typically refers to positive states of hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism that are amenable to intervention and that are related to subjective well-being and life satisfaction. The aims of this systematic scoping review were to explore how PsyCap is described in youth mental health literature and how PsyCap and mental health are related. Results from four databases were reported following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 772 studies were identified and 16 studies were fully reviewed, including an overall sample of 6,772 youth from six countries. PsyCap has a positive relationship with mental health in youth. Future studies should involve school nurses to validate the constructs that characterize PsyCap and validate an instrument for measuring PsyCap in youth mental health in English.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Preston
- School of Nursing, 16168University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Lynn Rew
- School of Nursing, 16168University of Texas, Austin, USA
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McCarty SM, Dunsmore JC. Adolescents’ perceptions of helping and aggressing at school: Salience of benefit-harm, extent of impact, and collective dyadic power. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Santos AC, Simões C, Branquinho C, Arriaga P. Truancy: The relevance of resilience-related internal assets, student engagement and perception of school success in youth living with parents and in residential care. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022:105819. [PMID: 35931564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School absenteeism is associated with multiple negative short and long-term impacts, such as school grade retention and mental health difficulties. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to understand the role of resilience-related internal assets, student engagement, and perception of school success as protective factors for truancy. Additionally, we investigated whether there were differences in these variables between students living in residential care and students living with their parents. METHODS This study included 118 participants aged 11 to 23 years old (M = 17.16, SE = 0.26). The majority were female (n = 61, 51.7 %) and Portuguese (n = 98, 83.1 %), with half living in residential care. In this cross-sectional study, participants responded to self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to understand the factors associated with truancy. RESULTS There were no group differences in resilience-related internal assets and their perception of school success. On the contrary, participants in residential care reported more unexcused school absences, more grade retentions, higher levels of depression, and lower levels of student engagement. Moreover, hierarchical linear regression controlling for key variables (i.e., living in residential care or with parents, school grade retention, and depression) showed that perception of school success and resilience-related internal assets significantly contributed to truancy. CONCLUSIONS Results are discussed in the context of universal and selective interventions. These interventions can foster individual strengths and provide opportunities for every student to experience success. Consequently, they promote engagement and reduce the likelihood of school absences, especially for those in more vulnerable situations such as youth in residential care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Caetano Santos
- Aventura Social and DECSH, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Celeste Simões
- Aventura Social and DECSH, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Branquinho
- Aventura Social and DECSH, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Arriaga
- ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Shaver N, Michaelson V, Pickett W. Do Spiritual Health Connections Protect Adolescents When They Are Bullied: A National Study of 12,593 Young Canadians. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP11034-NP11065. [PMID: 33533268 PMCID: PMC9251749 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521989853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
It has long been established that bullying has many negative impacts on the mental health of adolescents. Young people who are victimized by bullying may cope by drawing on available assets to protect themselves from harm. One such asset with ancient roots but with the potential for contemporary application is the concept of spiritual health-the idea that the connections in our lives (whether to ourselves, others, nature, or something transcendent) affect our well-being. In this study, we examined 12,593 Canadians aged 11-15 years to determine the effects of being victimized by bullying on their mental health, as measured by frequent subjective health complaints. We then explored whether strong spiritual health connections were effect modifiers that buffer such negative pathways, thereby acting as protective health assets. Data were obtained from the 2017/18 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Generalized linear regression models were used to estimate associations and evaluate effect modification in different age and gender groups. Approximately 21% of participants reported being victimized by bullying. Strength of "connections to self" (i.e., a sense of meaning/purpose or joy and happiness in one's life) was found to act as an effect modifier, but in girls alone. Contrary to expectations of a buffering effect, the strongest associations between victimization and frequent health complaints were identified for girls with high connections to self. Relative risks for poor mental health among these highly self-connected girls were 1.63 [95% CI: 1.26-2.12] and 1.25 [1.06-1.47] for younger and older girls, respectively. We interpreted this unexpected finding in light of cognitive theories of trauma, which suggest that adverse events may lead to worse health outcomes among those who place particular value on their world being meaningful, controllable or benevolent. Implications for clinical intervention and health promotion are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Shaver
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William Pickett
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Min MO, Kim JY, Minnes S, Kim SK, Musson Rose D, Singer LT. Substance use and individual assets in urban adolescents: Subgroups and correlates in emerging adulthood. J Adolesc 2022; 94:684-697. [PMID: 35615786 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate patterns of divergence in adolescent adjustment, this study examined the co-occurring patterns of adolescents' individual assets (e.g., school engagement, values) and substance use, and whether the co-occurring patterns were associated with later functioning in emerging adulthood. METHODS Participants were 358 (54% females), predominantly African American, urban adolescents, recruited at birth for a prospective study on the effects of prenatal substance exposure in the Midwest United States. Individual assets, using the Developmental Assets Profile, substance use (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana), via biologic assays and self-report, and substance use-related problems were assessed at age 15 years. High-school completion, substance use disorder, mental health symptoms, and legal problems were assessed at age 21 years. RESULTS Latent class analysis identified five classes as follows: high assets with low substance use (C1, 10.2%); moderate assets with low substance use (C2, 28.7%); low assets with low substance use (C3, 32%); moderate assets with high substance use (C4, 9.4%); and low assets with high substance use (C5, 19.2%). Despite similar levels of assets, adolescents in C5 reported more life adversities (suboptimal caregiving environment, daily hassles, non-birth parents' care) than those in C3. C4 and C5 reported more substance use disorder at age 21 years than the three low substance use classes; adolescents in C5 were less likely to complete high school than those in C2. More females in C5 reported greater mental health symptoms than those in C1 and C3, and criminal justice involvement than those in C1. CONCLUSIONS The current findings underscore the significance of substance use in adolescence in disrupting healthy transition to adulthood, especially among females in the context of low individual assets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeyoung O Min
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - June-Yung Kim
- Department of Social Work, College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Sonia Minnes
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Devon Musson Rose
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lynn T Singer
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Austin JL, Jeffries EF, Winston W, Brady SS. Race-related Stressors and Resources for Resilience: Associations With Emotional Health, Conduct Problems, and Academic Investment Among African American Early Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:544-553. [PMID: 34133964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE African American youths in the United States grow up in a society with a long, pervasive, and living history of interpersonal and institutional racism. This study examined whether race-related stressors (awareness and experiences of racism) and resources for resilience (racial-ethnic connectedness and perceptions of embedded achievement) were associated with emotional health, conduct problems, and academic investment among African American early adolescents. Embedded achievement is the belief that achievement is a part of one's racial or ethnic group identity. METHOD Participants were recruited from an urban school and youth club (N = 75, mean age = 11.6 years, 71% male participants). Structured interviews were administered to youths. RESULTS Adjusting for age and sex, racial-ethnic connectedness and embedded achievement were associated with fewer emotional problems and conduct problems. In addition, embedded achievement was associated with greater academic investment. Racial-ethnic connectedness modified associations between awareness and experiences of racism and emotional problems; racism was associated with more emotional problems, but only among youths with lower levels of racial-ethnic connectedness. Youths' perceptions of embedded achievement modified an association between experiences of racism and conduct problems; experiences of racism were associated with more conduct problems, but only among youths with lower perceptions of embedded achievement. CONCLUSION Race-related resources for resilience appear to promote emotional, behavioral, and academic well-being among African American youths and to confer protection when youths are confronted with the stress and adversity of racism. Health professionals can advocate for policies and practices to combat racism and to foster racial pride and connectedness among youths of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie L Austin
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Elijah F Jeffries
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Willie Winston
- College of Community Studies and Public Affairs, Metropolitan State University, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Sonya S Brady
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis.
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Tardif‐Grenier K, Olivier E, Marks AK, Archambault I, Dupéré V, Gervais C, Hébert C. Coping and its association with psychological adjustment: Differences between first‐, second‐, and third‐plus generation adolescents. J Adolesc 2022; 94:462-476. [DOI: 10.1002/jad.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Tardif‐Grenier
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology Université du Québec en Outaouais Gatineau Québec Canada
| | - Elizabeth Olivier
- Department of Education University of Montreal Montreal Québec Canada
| | - Amy K. Marks
- Department of Psychology Suffolk University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Véronique Dupéré
- School of Psychoeducation University of Montreal Montreal Québec Canada
| | - Christine Gervais
- Department of Nursing Université du Québec en Outaouais Gatineau Québec Canada
| | - Corinne Hébert
- School of Psychoeducation University of Montreal Montreal Québec Canada
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10
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Santos T. Positive youth development in adolescence. JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2022; 25:137-138. [PMID: 35240729 PMCID: PMC9097660 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20212503si.edit.2021_25_03si_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Santos
- Clinical and Health Psychology Universidade Europeia, Lisbon CatolicaMed Platform/Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), LisbonPortugal
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11
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Wren G, Mercer J. Dismissal, distrust, and dismay: A phenomenological exploration of young women's diagnostic experiences with endometriosis and subsequent support. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2549-2565. [PMID: 34856840 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211059387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is associated with extensive physical and emotional difficulties, yet there is little research investigating the impact of the diagnostic journey particularly for younger women. Using semi structured on-line interviews and an interpretative phenomenological analysis, this study explored nine young women's experiences of the diagnostic process and the significance of support during this period. Three main themes emerged: 'the pursuit of a diagnosis', 'adjusting to a new normality' and 'the importance of effective support'. These experiences revealed clinical shortcomings and potential improvements to current guidelines and practices to facilitate a more emboldening process for patients.
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12
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Dangmann C, Solberg Ø, Myhrene Steffenak AK, Høye S, Andersen PN. Syrian Refugee Youth Resettled in Norway: Mechanisms of Resilience Influencing Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Distress. Front Public Health 2021; 9:711451. [PMID: 34631646 PMCID: PMC8494783 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.711451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The importance of resilience factors in the positive adaptation of refugee youth is widely recognised. However, their actual mechanism of impact remains under-researched. The aim of this study was therefore to explore protective and promotive resilience mechanisms to inform future interventions and policy. Promotive resilience is seen as a direct main effect and protective resilience as a moderating effect. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of Syrian youth recently resettled in Norway, aged 13–24 years. Regression and moderation analyses were used to explore different interactions, including moderated mediation using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Result: A direct main effect of promotive resilience was found for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and general mental distress, but not for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No moderating effects of protective resilience were found. Post-migration stressors mediated the effects of potentially traumatic events (PTE) from war and flight, and this indirect effect was present at all levels of resilience. Conclusion: Despite high risk exposure and mental distress, resilience was also high. Broad resilience interventions targeting multiple factors would likely benefit the group, but these should include both individual assets and building supportive environments. Additionally, reducing current stress and providing treatment for those in need could enable recovery and increase the efficacy of resilience factors already present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Dangmann
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Øivind Solberg
- Department of Health Science, Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sevald Høye
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Per Normann Andersen
- Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
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Santacrose DE, Kia-Keating M, Lucio D. A systematic review of socioecological factors, community violence exposure, and disparities for Latinx youth. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:1027-1044. [PMID: 34647363 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Community violence exposure poses a public health risk exacerbated by immigration-related stressors and environmental factors, including systemic racism and interpersonal discrimination, socioeconomic disparities, and anti-immigrant laws and policies, that disproportionately impact Latinx-immigrant and systematically minoritized youth. Using the ecological-transactional model of community violence as a conceptual framework, this systematic review was conducted to examine research on exposure to community violence, risk and protective factors, and associated health and mental health sequelae among Latinx youth. The initial search generated 2,152 articles, 291 of which were reviewed for detailed evaluation; ultimately, 59 articles were included. Mexican-origin youth and adolescent samples were the most represented in research studies. Across several studies, Latinx youth reported high rates of violence exposure and poor health or mental health outcomes. The findings revealed important gaps in socioecological factors, with a dearth of evidence establishing macrosystem factors or culturally salient and immigrant-related factors. Notable risk and protective factors at various ecological levels were identified and discussed as key opportunities for future research and points of intervention or prevention efforts for Latinx-immigrant and systematically minoritized youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Santacrose
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maryam Kia-Keating
- Department of Counseling, Clinical and School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Daniella Lucio
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Gaspar de Matos M, Kleszczewska D, Gaspar T, Dzielska A, Branquinho C, Michalska A, Mazur J. Making the best out of youth-The Improve the Youth project. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:2071-2085. [PMID: 33635602 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents' mental health determines their general health and their mental health as adults. Improve the Youth project (ITY) was created and implemented among Polish and Portuguese adolescents. The aim of the project was to investigate the well-being of Portuguese and Polish adolescents, and to evaluate differences between them in self-rated health, life satisfaction and perceived psychosomatic health. A mixed-method approach was applied. The quantitative part was based on Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2014 data, including adolescents aged 11-15 years (6026 in Portugal; 4545 in Poland). This study meets the issues raised by the HBSC results, regarding mental health in adolescence, and it is aimed to improve adolescents' social participation and active citizenship. In most study areas, findings in Poland were less favourable than in Portugal. The qualitative part was developed to recognize the main threats for adolescent's well-being. In this, they emphasised that every opportunity to talk about their feelings and needs resulted in improvement of their mental health. Elevated levels of stress were connected to environmental pressure and high expectations that they were often unable to cope with. Nervousness, perceiving that it was impossible to meet expectations, the desire to keep up with their peers, fatigue, and uncertainty of the future increased the feelings of frustration. The differences found between countries may be due to cultural roots, surfacing the relevance of assessing adolescents' mental health needs in the social context of family, school and peers. This study also aims to raise awareness among educators and stakeholders to the importance of youth engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tania Gaspar
- University Lusiada and ISAMB/Envihealth/Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Dzielska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cátia Branquinho
- FMH and ISAMB/Envihealth/Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Joanna Mazur
- Department of Humanization in Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Rosenthal E, Franklin Gillette S, DuPaul GJ. Pediatric siblings of children with special health care needs: Well-being outcomes and the role of family resilience. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2021.1933985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Alarcón X, Bobowik M, Prieto-Flores Ò. Mentoring for Improving the Self-Esteem, Resilience, and Hope of Unaccompanied Migrant Youth in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105210. [PMID: 34068880 PMCID: PMC8156929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, the number of unaccompanied youths arriving in Europe has increased steadily. During their settlement in host countries, they are exposed to a great variety of vulnerabilities, which have an impact on their mental health. This research examines the effects of participation in a mentoring programme on the psychological and educational outcomes among unaccompanied migrant youths who live in the Barcelona metropolitan area. Data in this mixed-methods study were obtained from 44 surveys with mentored (treatment group) and non-mentored (control group) male youths who had recently turned 18, as well as through thirty semi-structured interviews with mentored youths, their adult mentors, and non-mentored youths. Our findings indicated that participation in the mentoring programme improved the mentored youths’ self-esteem, resilience, and hope, as well as their desired or expected educational outcomes in this new context. We conclude that well-targeted and problem-specific mentoring programmes have positive and marked effects on unaccompanied migrant youths’ mental health. The social and political implications of these outcomes are also discussed, providing information on how interventions can offer effective networks of support for the settlement and social inclusion of unaccompanied migrant youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Alarcón
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Girona, Plaça Sant Domènec, 9, 17071 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Bobowik
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Òscar Prieto-Flores
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Girona, Plaça Sant Domènec, 9, 17071 Girona, Spain;
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Gomez-Baya D, Santos T, Gaspar de Matos M. Developmental assets and positive youth development: an examination of gender differences in Spain. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2021.1906676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Manrique-Millones D, Wiium N, Pineda-Marín C, Fernández-Arata M, Alfonso-Murcia D, López-Martínez JL, Millones-Rivalles R. Association Between Substance Use Behaviors, Developmental Assets and Mental Health: A Glance at Latin American Young College Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:639578. [PMID: 33716908 PMCID: PMC7947607 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.639578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive Youth Development (PYD) is an approach that promotes resilience and focuses on youth strengths rather than their weaknesses as done by the traditional deficit-based perspective. Research in Europe and North America show that developmental assets are associated with school success, psychological well-being, and lower health risks among youth and young adults. However, not much research has been done on these associations in Latin American contexts. The purpose of this research study is to assess the association between substance use behaviors, such as drunkenness and the use of illicit drugs, and mental health, together with the mediating role of developmental assets representing youth strengths (e.g., social competence) and contextual resources (e.g., social support at home or school). Cross-national data was collected from Colombian (n = 210; 70.4% females) and Peruvian (n = 349; 66.5% females) 1st year university students. Results shed light on the protective role of developmental assets regarding substance use behaviors and mental well-being. Specifically, the results showed direct negative associations between developmental assets and substance use behaviors and positive associations of developmental assets with mental health indicators. Internal assets appear to be a stronger predictor of social, emotional, and psychological well-being compared to external assets. We did not find any statistical significance in the association of substance use behavior and mental health. We discuss implications regarding research, policy, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Manrique-Millones
- Faculty of Communication Sciences, Tourism and Psychology, Research Institute of Psychology, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Nora Wiium
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Claudia Pineda-Marín
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Fernández-Arata
- Faculty of Communication Sciences, Tourism and Psychology, Research Institute of Psychology, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Diego Alfonso-Murcia
- Department of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
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Lunghi C, Iacopini A, Baroni F, Consorti G, Cerritelli F. Thematic Analysis of Attitudes Held by a Group of Italian Osteopaths Toward Osteopathic Evaluation, Treatment, and Management in the Neonatal and Pediatric Field: A Qualitative Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2021; 44:164-175. [PMID: 33431275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes held by a group of Italian osteopaths toward osteopathic evaluation, treatment, and management in the neonatal and pediatric field. METHODS A thematic analysis with elements of grounded-theory approaches was used. Purposive sampling was used to recruit expert osteopaths in the neonatal and pediatric field. Data were gathered from July 2017 to January 2018 by individual semistructured interviews and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis of the data was then performed. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was used to structure the design of this qualitative study. RESULTS Eight osteopaths participated. Data analysis generated 3 main themes: the role of the osteopath in the collaborative process of care, osteopathic diagnostic-clinical reasoning in the neonatal and pediatric field, and osteopathic treatment in the neonatal and pediatric field. CONCLUSION The present study highlights that Italian osteopaths may prefer interprofessional and integrative activities aimed at supporting adaptive capacity and resilience for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lunghi
- Qualitative Research Division, COME Collaboration ONLUS, Pescara, Italy; Malta ICOM Educational, San Gilijan, Malta.
| | - Alessio Iacopini
- Qualitative Research Division, COME Collaboration ONLUS, Pescara, Italy
| | - Francesca Baroni
- Qualitative Research Division, COME Collaboration ONLUS, Pescara, Italy; Malta ICOM Educational, San Gilijan, Malta
| | - Giacomo Consorti
- Qualitative Research Division, COME Collaboration ONLUS, Pescara, Italy; Research Department of the Centre pour l'Etude, la Recherche et la Diffusion Osteopathiques, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cerritelli
- Clinical-Based Human Research Department, COME Collaboration ONLUS, Pescara, Italy
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20
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Soriano-Ayala E, Cala VC, Ruiz-Salvador D. Identification of Cultural and Transcultural Health Assets Among Moroccan, Romanian and Spanish Adolescents Through Photovoice. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 22:255-265. [PMID: 31630315 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The health assets model focuses on recognizing the strengths, capacities and resources of individuals and their communities to improve health control processes. This study focuses on identifying and comparing the transcultural and cultural assets in health as accounted for by 45 young Romanians, Moroccans and Spaniards living in southern Spain. The research uses a photovoice method to understand what young people consider to boost their health. Of all the photographs taken, each young person selected the six most relevant images, and individual interviews were carried out. Both images and interviews were analysed qualitatively using Atlas Ti. We identified 40 transcultural assets in health that were common among the 3 cultural groups and 7 cultural assets that were specific to cultural groups. The seven assets include religion and spirituality, cultural symbols, medicine, traditional food, thinness, freedom/autonomy and plants. The definition of transcultural and cultural health assets facilitates the development of educational health interventions that reinforce the strengths of others in a culturally sensitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica C Cala
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
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21
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Testing a Tailored Social-Ecological Model for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Matern Child Health J 2021; 25:956-966. [PMID: 33394274 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose a tailored social ecological model for Autism Spectrum Disorders and explore relationships between variables in a large nationally-representative dataset. METHODS A tailored social-ecological model was developed and examined across variables in the 2016/2017 National Survey of Children's Health. A series of iterative multivariable logistic regressions were performed including individual, family, and community/neighborhood variables. A multivariable logistic regression using state-level fixed effects was performed to understand dynamics related to macro-level policies. RESULTS In the full model, gender, disability severity, certain types of insurance coverage and household income were significantly related to ASD diagnosis. Females had lower odds of a diagnosis compared to males (aOR: 0.27; CI:0.18-0.41). Children with at least one other moderate/severe disability had odds 7.61 higher (CI:5.36-10.82) of a diagnosis than children without moderate/severe disabilities. Children with public insurance only (aOR:1.66; CI:1.14-2.41) or both private and public insurance coverage (aOR: 2.62; CI:1.6-4.16) had higher odds of a diagnosis compared to children with private insurance only. For those who reported it was "somewhat" or "very often" hard to cover basics with their income, odds of a diagnosis were higher compared to those who reported it was "never" or "hardly ever" hard to cover basics (aOR: 1.676; CI:0.21-2.56). CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Patterns of ASD diagnosis are related to individual and family characteristics. There is some evidence that a child's environment has some relationship to reported ASD diagnosis. Professionals should be aware of an individual's environmental factors or context when assessing for ASD.
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Stress, self-compassion, and well-being during the transition to college. Soc Sci Med 2021; 269:113514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gaylord-Harden NK, Graham S, Barbarin O, Tolan PH, Murry VM. Coping and adaptation in challenging environments: Introduction to the special issue on development of boys and young men of color. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Messer LC, Halladay C, Hofert G, Sheppard BK. Youth Assets and Associations With Adolescent Risk Taking. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:37-49. [PMID: 33184837 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive youth development emphasizes that adaptive features of adolescence may contribute to teenage pregnancy prevention. METHODS Using data from approximately 1300 seventh-ninth graders, we describe positive youth development assets (external and internal) and their association with sexual risk taking. School-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-stratified logistic or linear models assessed associations between developmental assets and 6 outcomes (continuous attitudes about teenage sex and marriage, abstinence intentions, and nonsexual risk-taking behavior; dichotomous high risk-dating behavior, friends' sexual activity, and prior sexual activity). RESULTS Associations between developmental assets and youth sexual behavior differed by school, sex, and race/ethnicity. White female respondents showed the most consistent associations between higher amounts of each of the positive youth development assets and attitudes and behaviors conducive to delaying sexual activity while black youth showed the fewest associations. CONCLUSION These results contribute to the positive youth development literature by identifying that relationships between assets and adolescent risk differs by race and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne C Messer
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, 505 SW Mill Street, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Corrie Halladay
- Oregon Health & Science University, 5525 SE Milwaukie Avenue, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Gina Hofert
- TRAIL Project, 10215 Scotsway Drive, Huntersville, NC, 28078, USA
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Juang LP, Schachner MK. Cultural diversity, migration and education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 55:695-701. [PMID: 32672392 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Migration is not a new phenomenon. However, recent data indicate that unprecedented numbers of people have experienced forced migration around the world with 51% under the age of 18 years. How can educational policies and practices respond sensitively to increasing cultural and migration-based diversity? The purpose of this special section that includes eight studies is to consider these issues more deeply. As a frame for the special section, we address the main question: What are promotive or protective factors for positive development of children and youth attending culturally diverse school contexts? In the collection of papers, these promotive and protective factors range from peers and families, to teachers, to organisational context and climate. With continued disruptions in children's lives due to a pandemic, climate change, war, conflict and poverty, migration will remain a pressing concern and will continue to transform the student populations in our classrooms and schools for the foreseeable future. The need to address how we can best provide students from diverse backgrounds equitable and supportive education, continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda P Juang
- Department of Inclusive Education, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maja K Schachner
- Department of Educational Psychology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Brady SS, Brubaker L, Fok CS, Gahagan S, Lewis CE, Lewis J, Lowder JL, Nodora J, Stapleton A, Palmer MH. Development of Conceptual Models to Guide Public Health Research, Practice, and Policy: Synthesizing Traditional and Contemporary Paradigms. Health Promot Pract 2020; 21:510-524. [PMID: 31910039 PMCID: PMC7869957 DOI: 10.1177/1524839919890869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This applied paper is intended to serve as a "how to" guide for public health researchers, practitioners, and policy makers who are interested in building conceptual models to convey their ideas to diverse audiences. Conceptual models can provide a visual representation of specific research questions. They also can show key components of programs, practices, and policies designed to promote health. Conceptual models may provide improved guidance for prevention and intervention efforts if they are based on frameworks that integrate social ecological and biological influences on health and incorporate health equity and social justice principles. To enhance understanding and utilization of this guide, we provide examples of conceptual models developed by the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium. PLUS is a transdisciplinary U.S. scientific network established by the National Institutes of Health in 2015 to promote bladder health and prevent lower urinary tract symptoms, an emerging public health and prevention priority. The PLUS Research Consortium is developing conceptual models to guide its prevention research agenda. Research findings may in turn influence future public health practices and policies. This guide can assist others in framing diverse public health and prevention science issues in innovative, potentially transformative ways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cora E Lewis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Jerry L Lowder
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jesse Nodora
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Mary H Palmer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Brady SS, Berry A, Camenga DR, Fitzgerald CM, Gahagan S, Hardacker CT, Harlow BL, Hebert-Beirne J, LaCoursiere DY, Lewis JB, Low LK, Lowder JL, Markland AD, McGwin G, Newman DK, Palmer MH, Shoham DA, Smith AL, Stapleton A, Williams BR, Sutcliffe S. Applying concepts of life course theory and life course epidemiology to the study of bladder health and lower urinary tract symptoms among girls and women. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:1185-1202. [PMID: 32119156 PMCID: PMC7659467 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may occur at different periods during the life course of women, a little research on LUTS has adopted a life course perspective. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to demonstrate how life course theory and life course epidemiology can be applied to study bladder health and LUTS trajectories. We highlight conceptual work from the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Research Consortium to enhance the understanding of life course concepts. METHODS Consortium members worked in transdisciplinary teams to generate examples of how life course concepts may be applied to research on bladder health and LUTS in eight prioritized areas: (a) biopsychosocial ecology of stress and brain health; (b) toileting environment, access, habits, and techniques; (c) pregnancy and childbirth; (d) physical health and medical conditions; (e) musculoskeletal health; (f) lifestyle behaviors; (g) infections and microbiome; and (h) hormonal status across the life span. RESULTS Life course concepts guided consortium members' conceptualization of how potential risk and protective factors may influence women's health. For example, intrapartum interventions across multiple pregnancies may influence trajectories of bladder health and LUTS, illustrating the principle of life span development. Consortium members also identified and summarized methodologic and practical considerations in designing life course research. CONCLUSIONS This paper may assist researchers from a variety of disciplines to design and implement research identifying key risk and protective factors for LUTS and bladder health across the life course of women. Results from life course research may inform health promotion programs, policies, and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya S Brady
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amanda Berry
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deepa R Camenga
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Colleen M Fitzgerald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Academic General Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | | | - Bernard L Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeni Hebert-Beirne
- Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - D Yvette LaCoursiere
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Jessica B Lewis
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lisa K Low
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jerry L Lowder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alayne D Markland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gerald McGwin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Diane K Newman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary H Palmer
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David A Shoham
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Ariana L Smith
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ann Stapleton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Beverly R Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Gomez-Baya D, Tomé G, Reis M, Gaspar de Matos M. Long-Term Self-Regulation Moderates the Role of Internal Resources for Resilience in Positive Youth Development in Portugal. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2020; 181:127-149. [PMID: 32151204 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2020.1735986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Positive Youth Development (PYD) presents a strength-based conception of transition to adulthood that has been well-supported by literature to date. However, research is needed to integrate the pathways to PYD and the possible moderators. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between internal resources for resilience and PYD and to examine the moderating role of short-term and long-term self-regulation by gender. To reach this overall aim, a cross-sectional study was performed with a national sample of 2700 youths (73.3% girls; Mage = 21.3, SD = 2.79) from Portugal, who completed self-report measures. Regression-based moderation models were developed. Results indicated that greater presence of internal resources for resilience was related to higher PYD. Long-term self-regulation and gender moderated this relationship, such that a greater effect was observed in men with high levels of long-term self-regulation. These results highlight the need to integrate prevention and promotion paradigms to foster healthy development in youth, as well as the importance of taking self-regulation skills and gender into account in program design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain.,Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Gina Tomé
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Marta Reis
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gaspar de Matos
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.,Institute of Environmental Health, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
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Liu SR, Kia-Keating M, Nylund-Gibson K, Barnett ML. Co-Occurring Youth Profiles of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Protective Factors: Associations with Health, Resilience, and Racial Disparities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 65:173-186. [PMID: 31489651 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand racial/ethnic differences in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), given their relationship to long-term physical and mental health, and the public health cost of the significant disparities that exist. Moreover, in order to inform interventions and promote resilience, it is critical to examine protective factors that mitigate the relationship between adversity and poor health. The current study utilized latent transition analyses (LTA) to examine co-occurring profiles of ACEs and protective factors (from school, family, and community contexts) and links to health outcomes among 30,668 Black (10.4%), Latinx (12.3%), and White youth (77.3%) ages 12-17 (52.5% male) who participated in the 2011-12 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). Results suggested that greater adversity was associated with worse health, while more access to protective factors was associated with better health. White youth had consistently lower endorsement of ACEs, greater access to protective factors, and better health compared to their Black and Latinx counterparts. Efforts to improve child health and racial/ethnic disparities in research and practice must consider adversity, protective factors, and the systemic inequities faced by racial/ethnic minority youth in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina R Liu
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, & School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Kia-Keating
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, & School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Karen Nylund-Gibson
- Department of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Miya L Barnett
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, & School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Mantovani N, Gillard S, Mezey G, Clare F. Children and Young People "In Care" Participating in a Peer-Mentoring Relationship: An Exploration of Resilience. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30 Suppl 2:380-390. [PMID: 30740832 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore how a 1-year peer-mentoring relationship contributed to change in young women "in care." Twenty semistructured, one-to-one interviews were conducted with mentors (n = 11) and mentees (n = 9) recruited from two different London local authorities. Participants' accounts were interpreted through a developmental lens to uncover developmental aspects and locus mechanisms through which transformative change took place. Resilience as a healthy outcome was the result of the dual function the mentoring relationship performed. The mentoring relationship was protective against the risks associated with transitioning to independent living and/or adulthood, and promoted internal assets and competencies whereby the mentees' ability to resist them was enhanced. Establishing a trustworthy connection with a role model promoted developmental domains within mentees.
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Stoddard SA, Hughesdon K, Khan A, Zimmerman MA. Feasibility and acceptability of a future-oriented empowerment program to prevent substance use and school dropout among school-disengaged youth. Public Health Nurs 2020; 37:251-261. [PMID: 31950544 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a health promotion program to prevent school dropout and substance use among middle school-aged youth who display early warning signs of school disengagement. INTERVENTION Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Futures (YES-PF), an intensive, theoretically driven, 5-week summer enrichment program, aims to prevent school dropout and substance use by promoting youth empowerment, school engagement, and future orientation. DESIGN AND SAMPLE Using a pre-post-intervention design, we test feasibility and acceptability with 6th and 7th grade students (n = 43) who exhibited early warning signs for school disengagement (e.g., chronic absenteeism) in two school districts. MEASURES Program evaluation components included: (a) program session forms completed by facilitators; (b) post-program interviews with facilitators; (c) post-intervention program evaluation surveys with youth; (d) attendance; and (e) baseline and post-intervention surveys with youth to assess behavioral and psychosocial outcomes. RESULTS Facilitators routinely delivered core component lesson activities. Acceptability and program satisfaction were evidenced in strong program attendance by youth. Youth participants reported higher levels of leadership efficacy (p < .05) and a greater sense of control over their lives and potential problems (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS YES-PF was feasible and acceptable to school personnel and youth. Program refinement, based on implementation findings, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Stoddard
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Angubeen Khan
- California Center for Health Policy Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marc A Zimmerman
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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(Re)constructing Conceptualizations of Health and Resilience among Native Hawaiians. GENEALOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/genealogy4010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical definitions of health have conventionally taken problem-based approaches to health, which may disregard indigenous perspectives of health that take a holistic approach and emphasize the importance of maintaining balance between physical, mental, and spiritual health and relationships maintained with others, the land, and the spiritual realm. Resilience-based approaches to health have been shown to foster strengths in indigenous communities, including the Native Hawaiian community, which leads to more positive health outcomes. The research questions of this paper asked, “how do Native Hawaiians conceptualize health and the concept of resilience specific to health?”. Qualitative methods were employed to explore the concept of resilience from the perspective of 12 Native Hawaiian adults. Community leaders and key stakeholders aided in the purposive recruitment process. The themes of this study include: (1) health maintained through balance, (2) being unhealthy vs. being ill, (3) the concept of colonialism and resulting adversities, and (4) protective and resilience factors that foster health. Cultural values and cultural practices may address concerns related to health disparities that stem from cultural and historical trauma, determinants of health, and environmental changes. Health interventions that are culturally-, family-, spiritually-, and land-based may particularly aid in responsiveness to health programs.
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Modelling resilience in adolescence and adversity: a novel framework to inform research and practice. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:316. [PMID: 31772187 PMCID: PMC6879584 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent conceptualisations of resilience have advanced the notion that it is a dynamic and multifaceted construct. However, its adaptive components, especially those forged by adversity, have not been fully realised, and its neurobiological and psychosocial underpinnings are yet to be meaningfully integrated. In part, this is because a developmental perspective is often neglected in the formulation of resilience. In this review, we consider the findings of resilience research, with a specific emphasis on the developmental period of adolescence. To bridge the gaps in our current understanding, we propose a model of resilience that is predicated on experiencing adversity. Specifically, our model provides a sophisticated insight into the components of resilience, which, together with intrinsic features, involves facilitation of, and skill acquisition via strengthening processes we term tempering and fortification. The model also points to the potential trajectories of adversity-driven resilience and forms the basis of a framework that allows for individual variance in resilience, and the identification of both neurobiological and psychosocial targets for prevention and therapeutic interventions.
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Christmas CM. Concepts of Normativity Shape Youth Identity and Impact Resilience: a Critical Analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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de Matos MG, Wainwright T, Brebels L, Craciun B, Gabrhelík R, Schjodt BH, Plantade-Gipch A, Poštuvan V, Stojadinovic I, Richards J. Looking Ahead. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Across many domains of health and welfare, there have been remarkable advances in prevention where public-health models have had a significant impact. Psychology has much to offer in building on these successes and we describe some excellent examples, but in general, it has not been fully engaged with prevention science and implementation. We set out some of the key challenges and opportunities for psychology and prevention science in contemporary practice, recognizing that often the rhetoric from governments to support prevention interventions do not match up to making the necessary resources available. We argue that psychology must prioritize this area of practice as there is evidence that the gains of recent decades may be under threat without concerted efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lieven Brebels
- Work and Organization Studies, Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Craciun
- Faculty of Psychology, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roman Gabrhelík
- Department of Addictology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Vita Poštuvan
- Department of Psychology (FAMNIT), Slovene Centre for Suicide Research (UP IAM), Andrej Marusic Institute, University of Primorska, Slovenia
| | | | - Jennifer Richards
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lee Y, Lee M, Park S. The Mental Health of Ethnic Minority Youths in South Korea and Its Related Environmental Factors: A Literature Review. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2019; 30:88-99. [PMID: 32595326 PMCID: PMC7298892 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.190019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: With increasing concerns for the rapidly growing minority population in South Korea, this literature review addressed a range of mental health risks among multiethnic youths (MY) in South Korea by 1) comparing mental health outcomes with those of native-born youths and 2) identifying multiple layers of relevant environmental factors, from family and school relationships to culture. Methods: We reviewed 54 studies that fulfilled specific inclusion criteria. Results: Multiple common risk/protective factors, including family separation, family relationship quality, parental socioeconomic and mental health status, social relationships at school, and cultural acceptance, were noted. Conclusion: In general, empirical evidence indicates that minority youths have relatively heightened risks for emotional and behavioral problems. Future studies must elucidate the complex interplay between multiple risk and protective factors and the long-term adaptation and mental health service utilization of MY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeeun Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Clinical Research Center, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
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Emotional and behavioral resilience among children with perinatally acquired HIV in Thailand and Cambodia. AIDS 2019; 33 Suppl 1:S17-S27. [PMID: 31397719 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychosocial challenges associated with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) infection are well known, yet many children infected with HIV since birth demonstrate positive outcomes, referred to as resilience. The purpose of this study was to evaluate emotional-behavioral development and identify salient predictors of resilience among long-term survivors of PHIV. DESIGN Prospective investigation of children with PHIV compared with demographically similar perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU) and HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU) children, all from Thailand and Cambodia. METHODS The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; parent version) was administered at baseline and annual follow-up visits (median follow-up of 3 years) to children age 6-14. Resilience was defined as consistent CBCL scores on the Internalizing, Externalizing or Total Problem T scales within normative ranges (T-scores <60) at every time point. Generalized estimating equations examined CBCL scores over time and logistic models examined demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural predictors of resilience. RESULTS Participants included 448 children (236 PHIV, 98 PHEU, 114 HUU), with median (interquartile range) age at first evaluation of 7 (6-9) years. Children with PHIV exhibited similar rates of resilience as PHEU and HUU on the Externalizing and Total Problems scales. Resilience on the Internalizing scale was more likely in PHEU (71%) compared with PHIV (59%) or HUU (56%), P = 0.049. Factors associated with resilience in adjusted models included: HIV-exposed but uninfected status, higher household income, Cambodian nationality, female sex, and caregiver type. CONCLUSION Despite biopsychosocial risks, resilience is observed among PHIV and PHEU children. Further study is needed to understand mechanisms underlying associated factors and intervention priorities.
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Liu SR, Kia-Keating M, Nylund-Gibson K. Patterns of Family, School, and Community Promotive Factors and Health Disparities Among Youth: Implications for Prevention Science. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 20:1103-1113. [PMID: 31124022 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-01021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing knowledge of factors that promote health among youth from diverse backgrounds is an important step towards addressing health disparities. Although many promotive factors have been identified individually, there is an overabundance of research on risk factors, and a comparable dearth of knowledge regarding the influence of combinations of promotive factors. The current study examined how promotive factors across family, school, and community contexts co-occur to promote health among youth of different race/ethnicity. Utilizing a nationally representative sample of Black (10%), Latinx (12%), and White (77%) youth ages 12-17 (N = 30,668), latent class analysis was employed to identify classes of youth who endorsed homogenous patterns of promotive factors. Associations between class membership and health were explored. Each subsample was best characterized by its own 4-class model, with significant differences in patterns of promotive factors experienced by Black, Latinx, and White youth. Youth health outcomes also varied significantly by class membership (p < .05). Greater access to more promotive factors was associated with better health, and low access to community and school promotive factors was associated with worse health. Results suggest that increasing promotive factors in school, family, and community settings may help to prevent poor health outcomes; however, jointly addressing discrimination against racial/ethnic minority youth through education, policy, and practice is also needed to address health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina R Liu
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, & School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9490, USA.
| | - Maryam Kia-Keating
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, & School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9490, USA
| | - Karen Nylund-Gibson
- Department of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9490, USA
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Felix ED, Nylund-Gibson K, Kia-Keating M, Liu SR, Binmoeller C, Terzieva A. The influence of flood exposure and subsequent stressors on youth social-emotional health. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2019; 90:161-170. [PMID: 31021135 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most disaster mental health research focuses on the relationship between disaster exposure and distress, often neglecting its influence on social-emotional health, despite implications for resilience and well-being after the disaster. Following multiple floods in Texas, a sample of 486 youth aged 10-19 years old (M = 13.74 years, SD = 2.57; 52.9% male) completed measures of disaster exposure, life stressors since the disaster, and social-emotional health. Using mixture regression modeling, we examined differences in the relationship between life stressors and social-emotional health across latent classes of disaster exposure (high, moderate, community, and low exposure). After accounting for mean levels of life stressors, the mean levels of social-emotional health did not differ across exposure classes; however, the strength of the relationship between life stressors and social-emotional health did. Youth in the high exposure group had the highest mean level of life stressors since the disaster. Thus, each additional life stressor did not result in changes in social-emotional health, suggesting saturated stress levels. For youth in the moderate and community exposure classes, increases in life stressors did lower social-emotional health, perhaps pushing them into stress overload. For the low exposure group, life stressors did not have an influence. This has implications for postdisaster mental health screening and support, tailored by levels of exposure and attuned to ongoing stressors that may impact long-term social-emotional health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika D Felix
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, Gevertz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | | | - Maryam Kia-Keating
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Sabrina R Liu
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Cecile Binmoeller
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Antoniya Terzieva
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara
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Brooks F, Michaelson V, King N, Inchley J, Pickett W. Spirituality as a protective health asset for young people: an international comparative analysis from three countries. Int J Public Health 2018; 63:387-395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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REFERENCES. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/mono.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Direct and Indirect Effects of Maltreatment and Social Support on Children's Social Competence Across Reporters. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:741-753. [PMID: 27878415 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Children's social competence is a key characteristic of resilience, yet little research has assessed contributing factors to this construct. The objectives of this study were to examine direct and indirect effects of maltreatment on children's social competence, the promotive role of child and caregiver social support, and factors contributing to reports of child social competence across informants. Structural equation modeling evaluated the influence of CPS report history, child adjustment, and child and caregiver social support on child social competence in n = 783 caregiver-child dyads. CPS report history (age 0-8) was indirectly related to low social competence through child adjustment problems. Social support was a significant promotive factor of child social competence, with caregiver social supports predicting higher levels of parent-reported child social competence. Child social support predicted self-reported child social competence. Findings reinforce the assertion that both caregiver and child social support networks are critical to promoting child well-being after adversity.
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Bhana A, Mellins CA, Small L, Nestadt DF, Leu CS, Petersen I, Machanyangwa S, McKay M. Resilience in perinatal HIV+ adolescents in South Africa. AIDS Care 2017; 28 Suppl 2:49-59. [PMID: 27391999 PMCID: PMC4991226 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1176676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of perinatally HIV (PHIV+)-infected youth are surviving into adulthood with better access to treatment. However, few studies examine positive outcomes in the face of adversity (resilience) for PHIV+ youth. Social Action Theory (SAT) provided the theoretical framework for this study of PHIV + youth in South Africa (SA), allowing examination of contextual, social, and self-regulatory factors that influence behavioral health. Data were from youth and caregiver baseline interviews, simply pooled from a pilot (N=66) and larger (n=111) randomized control trial (RCT) of the VUKA Family program. For this analysis, outcomes included emotional and behavioral functioning (total difficulties), and prosocial behaviors. Potential SAT correlates included socio-demographics; caregiver health and mental health; parent-child relationship factors; stigma, and child coping, support; and self-esteem. Regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, and study revealed significant associations at the contextual, social, and self-regulation level. Lower total child difficulties scores were associated with lower caregiver depression (β = 3.906,p < .001), less caregiver-reported communication about difficult issues (β = 1.882, p = .009) and higher youth self-esteem (β = -0.119, p = .020). Greater prosocial behaviors were associated with greater caregiver-reported communication (β = 0.722, p = .020) and child use of wishful thinking for coping (β = 5.532, p = .009). Less youth depression was associated with higher caregiver education (β =−0.399, p = .010), greater caregiver supervision (β = −1.261, p = .012), more social support seeking (β = −0.453, p = .002), higher youth self-esteem (β = −0.067, p < .001), lower internalized stigma (β = 0.608, p = .040), and child use of resignation for coping (β = 1.152, p = .041). Our data support evidence-based family interventions that also promote youth self-regulation skills to enhance the health and mental health of PHIV+ youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Bhana
- a SA Medical Research Council , Health Systems Research Unit , Durban , South Africa.,b School of Applied Human Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Claude A Mellins
- c HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies , New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Latoya Small
- d School of Social Work , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Danielle F Nestadt
- c HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies , New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Cheng-Shiun Leu
- c HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies , New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Inge Petersen
- b School of Applied Human Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Sphindile Machanyangwa
- b School of Applied Human Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Mary McKay
- e Silver School of Social Work , New York University , New York , NY , USA
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Rose T, Lindsey MA, Xiao Y, Finigan-Carr NM, Joe S. Mental Health and Educational Experiences Among Black Youth: A Latent Class Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:2321-2340. [PMID: 28755250 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disproportionately lower educational achievement, coupled with higher grade retention, suspensions, expulsions, and lower school bonding make educational success among Black adolescents a major public health concern. Mental health is a key developmental factor related to educational outcomes among adolescents; however, traditional models of mental health focus on absence of dysfunction as a way to conceptualize mental health. The dual-factor model of mental health incorporates indicators of both subjective wellbeing and psychopathology, supporting more recent research that both are needed to comprehensively assess mental health. This study applied the dual-factor model to measure mental health using the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A), a representative cross-sectional survey. The sample included 1170 Black adolescents (52% female; mean age 15). Latent class analysis was conducted with positive indicators of subjective wellbeing (emotional, psychological, and social) as well as measures of psychopathology. Four mental health groups were identified, based on having high or low subjective wellbeing and high or low psychopathology. Accordingly, associations between mental health groups and educational outcomes were investigated. Significant associations were observed in school bonding, suspensions, and grade retention, with the positive mental health group (high subjective wellbeing, low psychopathology) experiencing more beneficial outcomes. The results support a strong association between school bonding and better mental health and have implications for a more comprehensive view of mental health in interventions targeting improved educational experiences and mental health among Black adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theda Rose
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, 525W Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Michael A Lindsey
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, Ehrenkranz Center 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Yunyu Xiao
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, Ehrenkranz Center 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Nadine M Finigan-Carr
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, 525W Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sean Joe
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Kia-Keating M, Capous D, Liu S, Adams J. Using Community-Based Participatory Research and Human-Centered Design to Address Violence-Related Health Disparities Among Latino/a Youth. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2017; 40:160-169. [PMID: 28207679 PMCID: PMC5319705 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
High rates of exposure to violence and other adversities among Latino/a youth contribute to health disparities. The current article addresses the ways in which community-based participatory research (CBPR) and human-centered design (HCD) can help engage communities in dialogue and action. We present a project exemplifying how community forums, with researchers, practitioners, and key stakeholders, including youths and parents, integrated HCD strategies with a CBPR approach. Given the potential for power inequities among these groups, CBPR + HCD acted as a catalyst for reciprocal dialogue and generated potential opportunity areas for health promotion and change. Future directions are described.
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Walker JS. A theory of change for positive developmental approaches to improving outcomes among emerging adults with serious mental health conditions. J Behav Health Serv Res 2016; 42:131-49. [PMID: 25694066 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-015-9455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence attests to the shortcomings of typical services for improving outcomes among emerging adults with serious mental health conditions (SMHCs). Researchers and providers have responded by developing new programs and interventions for meeting the unique needs of these young people. A significant number of these programs and interventions can be described as taking a positive developmental approach, which is informed by a combination of theoretical sources, including theories of positive development, self-determination, ecological systems, and social capital. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive theoretical statement describing how or why positive change should occur as a result of using a positive developmental approach when intervening with this population. The goal of this article is to propose a general model that "backfills" a theory behind what appears to be an effective and increasingly popular approach to improving outcomes among emerging adults with SMHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S Walker
- Research and Training Center for Pathways to Positive Futures, Regional Research Institute, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA,
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Klemera E, Brooks FM, Chester KL, Magnusson J, Spencer N. Self-harm in adolescence: protective health assets in the family, school and community. Int J Public Health 2016; 62:631-638. [PMID: 27658811 PMCID: PMC5487889 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-016-0900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this paper was to examine if the multiple environments of the adolescent including family, peers, school and neighbourhood might function as protective health assets against self-harming behaviour during adolescence. Methods The present study utilised data collected from 1608 respondents aged 15 years as part of the England WHO Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study. Multilevel modelling was undertaken using the package MLwiN (version 2.33) to investigate the potential domains and dimensions of family life, school culture and environment, and neighbourhood factors that may operate as protective health assets. Results The results indicated that while peer support did not appear to operate as a protective health asset in the context of self-harm, key dimensions of adolescent/parent interaction and adolescent experience of the school culture and their neighbourhood were associated with reduced likelihood of self-harming behaviours during adolescence. Conclusions The Findings highlight the significance of belonging and connectedness as important constituent elements of protective health assets for young people. Interventions that address the multiple environments of the young person, may offer an effective means to reduce the levels of self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Klemera
- The Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care (CRIPACC), University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9AL Hertfordshire UK
| | - Fiona M. Brooks
- The Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care (CRIPACC), University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9AL Hertfordshire UK
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kayleigh L. Chester
- The Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care (CRIPACC), University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9AL Hertfordshire UK
| | - Josefine Magnusson
- The Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care (CRIPACC), University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9AL Hertfordshire UK
| | - Neil Spencer
- Statistical Services and Consultancy Unit, Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, de Havilland Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9EU Hertfordshire UK
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Bonell C, Dickson K, Hinds K, Melendez-Torres GJ, Stansfield C, Fletcher A, Thomas J, Lester K, Oliver E, Murphy S, Campbell R. The effects of Positive Youth Development interventions on substance use, violence and inequalities: systematic review of theories of change, processes and outcomes. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3310/phr04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPositive Youth Development (PYD) delivered outside school aims to enable young people to develop positive assets such as relationships and confidence, rather than to merely address risk. Existing reviews of PYD effects on substance use or violence are old and unsystematic.ObjectivesTo systematically review evidence to answer the following questions: what theories of change inform PYD interventions addressing substance use and violence? What characteristics of participants and contexts are identified as barriers to and facilitators of implementation and receipt in process evaluations of PYD? What is the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PYD in reducing substance use and violence? What characteristics of participants and contexts appear to moderate, or are necessary and sufficient for, PYD effectiveness?Data sourcesA total of 21 bibliographic databases; 35 websites and contacting authors.Review methodsWe included reports published in English since 1985 and reporting on theories of change, as well as process, outcome and economic evaluations of PYD targeting 11- to 18-year-olds and addressing substance use or violence. References were screened on title/abstract and, where appropriate, on full report. Data extraction and quality assessment used Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre and Cochrane tools. Theories of change and process evaluations were qualitatively metasynthesised. Outcome evaluations were synthesised narratively and meta-analytically.Results32,394 unique references were identified and 48 were included. A total of 16 reports described theories, 13 (10 studies) evaluated processes and 25 (10 studies) evaluated outcomes.Theories of changePYD interventions aim to offer opportunities for young people to develop positive ‘assets’ such as skills and confidence. These are theorised to promote and be promoted by young people’s ‘intentional self-regulation’, which involves reflecting on behaviour; determining goals; using existing resources to pursue these; and redirecting effort when thwarted. This enables ‘developmental regulation’, namely individuals capitalising on other opportunities to promote personal development. Positive assets thus accrued reduce health risks by reducing the impact on individuals of environmental risk or by ameliorating the impact of such risks. The literature offers limited insights beyond these general ideas.Process evaluationsCommunity engagement ensured that programmes were accessible and appealing. Staff capacity and continuity were crucial factors but often challenging when programmes could not offer full-time jobs. Tensions arose between a desire to empower participants to choose activities and a requirement for them to undertake a breadth of activities.Outcome evaluationsMeta-analyses of all combined outcomes and of short-term alcohol use, illicit drug use and smoking found no significant effects. There were small, statistically significant, short-term effects for an omnibus measure of substance use and for violence. We could not undertake metaregression to assess sociodemographic moderators but narrative synthesis suggested no clear pattern of effects by sex. We found no economic evaluations.LimitationsInsufficient studies precluded qualitative comparative analyses.ConclusionsHow PYD might promote health is currently undertheorised. Implementation can be challenging. We found little evidence that current PYD interventions delivered outside school reduce substance use or violence. However, these may not constitute a test of the effectiveness of the PYD model, as some included interventions that, although meeting our inclusion criteria, were not exemplars of PYD.Future workFurther evaluations should assess interventions employing PYD theory of change.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42013005439.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bonell
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kelly Dickson
- Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), Social Science Research Unit, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Kate Hinds
- Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), Social Science Research Unit, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - GJ Melendez-Torres
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Claire Stansfield
- Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), Social Science Research Unit, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Adam Fletcher
- Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James Thomas
- Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), Social Science Research Unit, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Katrina Lester
- Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), Social Science Research Unit, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), Social Science Research Unit, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Simon Murphy
- Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rona Campbell
- Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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