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Choo YS, Hong SW, Koo GE, Han SH. The eveningness chronotype is associated with nightmare distress and dream recall: a cross-sectional study. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2023; 21:329-335. [PMID: 38469083 PMCID: PMC10899907 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dreaming may be affected by sleep behavior; however, evidence of the effect of chronotypes on dreaming is limited. We investigated sleep patterns, dream recall, and nightmare distress according to chronotypes. This cross-sectional study retrospectively enrolled adult participants (age > 18 years) who visited a sleep laboratory between 2016 and 2021 and underwent standard polysomnography (PSG) and completed a self-reported questionnaire. Patients with major sleep disorders were excluded. Chronotypes and dreaming components were assessed using the Korean version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire and a nine-item dreaming questionnaire (nightmare distress and dream recall), respectively. Among healthy participants without major sleep disorders, the eveningness chronotype correlated with better dream recall than the morningness and intermediate chronotypes. Participants with the eveningness chronotype were younger and more likely to be unmarried than those with the other chronotypes. No significant chronotype-based difference was observed in the subjective measurements of sleep quality, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, depression, and anxiety or in respiration and movement events on PSG. In multivariate linear regression analysis, the chronotypes were independently related to nightmare distress (b = - 0.296; p = 0.002) and dream recall (b = - 0.334; p = 0.002). The apnea-hypopnea index was associated with nightmare distress (b = - 0.209; p = 0.029) and dream recall (b = - 0.189; p = 0.044). Depression was positively correlated with nightmare distress (b = 0.450; p = 0.002). Dream recall was best in the eveningness group among healthy adults. Greater eveningness was associated with higher nightmare distress and better dream recall. Further research is needed to understand the role of chronotypes in dreaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Seul Choo
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang wook Hong
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga eun Koo
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Han
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ding Q, Dong S, Zhang Y. Does parental phubbing aggravates adolescent sleep quality problems? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1094488. [PMID: 36814669 PMCID: PMC9939447 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1094488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Based on the theoretical model for the "stress-sleep" relationship, this study investigated the impact of parental phubbing on adolescent sleep quality problems and a moderated mediation mechanism. Methods A total of 781 adolescents was surveyed using the Chinese version of Parental Phubbing Scale, the Ultra-brief Screening Scale for Depression and Anxiety Scale, the Self-Control Questionnaire for Chinese children, and the Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale. Results Parental phubbing and negative emotions were significantly and positively correlated to sleep quality problems, but self-control was not correlated to sleep quality problems. Parental phubbing directly influenced sleep quality problems and also indirectly influenced sleep quality problems through the mediating effect of negative emotions. Moreover, self-control played a moderating role in the path of parental phubbing affecting negative emotions. That is, the effect was more significant for adolescents low in self-control relative to those high in self-control. Conclusion Parental phubbing is a risk factor for adolescent sleep quality problems. This study is the first to demonstrate empirical evidence for the relationship between parental phubbing and sleep quality problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China,China Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Siwei Dong
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China,*Correspondence: Yongxin Zhang,
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3
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Nemeth G. The route to recall a dream: theoretical considerations and methodological implications. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 87:964-987. [PMID: 35960337 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to shed new light on the relation between dream recall and dream experiences by providing a thorough analysis of the process that leads to dream reports. Three crucial steps of this process will be distinguished: dream production (the generation of a conscious experience during sleep), dream encoding (storing a trace of this experience in memory) and dream retrieval (accessing the memory trace upon awakening). The first part of the paper will assess how major theories think about the relationship between dream reports and these distinct steps. The second part will systematise how trait and state factors affecting dream recall-given different theoretical assumptions-might interact with dream production, encoding and retrieval. Understanding how the distinct steps of dream recall can be modulated by different factors is crucial for getting a better grip on how to acquire information about these steps empirically and for drawing methodological conclusions with regard to the tools dream research relies on to collect subjective data about dream experiences. The third part of the paper will analyse how laboratory reports, logs and retrospective scales interact with the different factors that affect the distinct steps leading to dream reports and will argue that prospective methods provide more direct access to data regarding dream production and encoding than retrospective methods, which-due to their inability to provide systematic control over the factors affecting the retrieval stage-screen-off the variability in the production and the encoding of dreams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Nemeth
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Denmark, Universitetsbyen 3 Building 1710, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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4
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Yu W, He L, Lin X, Freudenreich T, Liu T. Irrational Consumption during the COVID-19 Period. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095031. [PMID: 35564427 PMCID: PMC9102164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the world economy and has, most presumably, exerted a great deal of stress on citizens, in turn leading to the call for timely assessments of how this period might actually impact individuals at the level of everyday well-being and in their behaviors such as consumer decisions. Through one pilot study and two online survey studies, we tentatively investigated this latter question, and demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic may increase perceived stress and impair individuals’ sleep quality, which in turn impels their irrational consumption. This research provides preliminary evidence for the impact of the present pandemic on irrational consumption and contributes to the literature on stress and consumer behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhuan Yu
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.Y.); (L.H.); (T.F.)
| | - Lin He
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.Y.); (L.H.); (T.F.)
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xianhao Lin
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China;
| | - Thomas Freudenreich
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.Y.); (L.H.); (T.F.)
- Institute for International Marketing Management, Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-591-22862389
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5
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Xu H, Yang X, Lai X, Zhao C, Tu X, Ding N, Ruan S, Jiang Y, Lv Y, Zhang G. Longitudinal relationships among perceived stress, suicidal ideation and sleep quality in Chinese undergraduates: A cross-lagged model. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:45-51. [PMID: 34813870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep quality is an important indicator of quality of life. It is of importance to investigate the risk factors and potential consequences of poor sleep quality, such as perceived stress and suicidal ideation. We therefore investigated the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships among perceived stress, suicidal ideation, and sleep quality. METHODS A three-wave longitudinal survey was conducted from June 2019 to June 2020 at six-month intervals in undergraduate students (N = 197, 58.9% female) in China. The participants completed self-report questionnaires in classroom settings. RESULTS While the levels of perceived stress were stable, levels of suicidal ideation and sleep quality fluctuated significantly over time. There were significant reciprocal relationships between perceived stress and suicidal ideation from T1 to T3. In addition, the reciprocal relationships between suicidal ideation and sleep quality from T1 to T2 were also significant. Suicidal ideation at T2 partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress at T1 and sleep quality at T3 (indirect effect: β=0.06, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.10, p<0.001), and suicidal ideation at T2 fully mediated the relationship between sleep quality at T1 and perceived stress at T3 (indirect effect: β=0.48, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.70, p<0.001). LIMITATIONS The subjects' educational background is single, and the measurement method is self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal ideation may play a significant role in explaining the longitudinal relationships between perceived stress and sleep quality. And suggest the importance of early identification and treatment of suicidal ideation among Chinese undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Xu
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyi Lai
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chengjia Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaolian Tu
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Nani Ding
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Songli Ruan
- Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467000, China.
| | - Yile Jiang
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yijun Lv
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute Of Aging, Key Laboratory Of Alzheimer's Disease Of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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6
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Ye B, Hu J, Im H, Liu M, Wang X, Yang Q. Family Cohesion and Sleep Disturbances During COVID-19: the Mediating Roles of Security and Stress. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-14. [PMID: 35153636 PMCID: PMC8821781 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increase in proximity to one's family amid university closures during the COVID-19 pandemic, the mechanisms underlying how family cohesion influenced students' sleep remain understudied. Using a large sample of college students in China (N = 1,178) during the COVID-19 pandemic, the current study examined the serial mediating roles of sense of security and perceived stress on the effect of family cohesion on sleep disturbance. Generalized linear modeling serial mediation analysis with 1,000 resampled bootstrapping methods showed that sense of security and perceived stress were negatively and positively associated with sleep disturbance, respectively. Furthermore, sense of security and perceived stress fully mediated the indirect effect of family cohesion on sleep disturbances. Implications and conclusions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Jing Hu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Hohjin Im
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, 4201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
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7
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Wang D, Nie X, Zhang D, Hu Y. The relationship between parental psychological control and problematic smartphone use in early Chinese adolescence: A repeated-measures study at two time-points. Addict Behav 2022; 125:107142. [PMID: 34673361 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the bidirectional relationship between parental psychological control and problematic smartphone use (PSU) in early Chinese adolescence using a two time-points repeated-measures study and explored the role of psychological security and insomnia in the relationship between parental psychological control and subsequent PSU in early adolescence. The sample consisted of 2128 fourth- and fifth-grade students (55.69% male, age = 9 to 13, Mage ± SD = 10.91 ± 0.80) who participated in two measurements and completed questionnaires about parental psychological control, PSU, psychological security and insomnia. The results indicated that: (1) Autoregressive cross-lagged models showed a reciprocal relationship between parental psychological control and PSU severity in early adolescence. (2) Both psychological security and insomnia mediate the link between parental psychological control and subsequent PSU severity. (3) Psychological security and insomnia play serial mediating roles between parental psychological control and subsequent PSU severity. These findings indicate that reducing parental psychological control, boosting psychological security and alleviating insomnia symptoms in adolescents are all conducive to decrease PSU severity in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, China
| | - Xinxiao Nie
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, China
| | - Dexiu Zhang
- Zaozhuang Shizhong Experimental Middle School, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, China.
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8
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Silva AC, Amaral AS, Guerreiro R, Silva A, deMello MT, daSilva SG, Rechenchosky L, Rinaldi W. Elite soccer athlete's sleep: A literature review. APUNTS SPORTS MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2021.100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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de la Chapelle A, Frauscher B, Valomon A, Ruby PM, Peter-Derex L. Relationship Between Epilepsy and Dreaming: Current Knowledge, Hypotheses, and Perspectives. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:717078. [PMID: 34552464 PMCID: PMC8451887 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.717078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between epilepsy and sleep are numerous and the impact of epilepsy on cognition is well documented. Epilepsy is therefore likely to influence dreaming as one sleep-related cognitive activity. The frequency of dream recall is indeed decreased in patients with epilepsy, especially in those with primary generalized seizures. The content of dreams is also disturbed in epilepsy patients, being more negative and with more familiar settings. While several confounding factors (anti-seizure medications, depression and anxiety disorders, cognitive impairment) may partly account for these changes, some observations suggest an effect of seizures themselves on dreams. Indeed, the incorporation of seizure symptoms in dream content has been described, concomitant or not with a focal epileptic discharge during sleep, suggesting that epilepsy might directly or indirectly interfere with dreaming. These observations, together with current knowledge on dream neurophysiology and the links between epilepsy and sleep, suggest that epilepsy may impact not only wake- but also sleep-related cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amandine Valomon
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028-PAM Team, Lyon, France
| | - Perrine Marie Ruby
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028-PAM Team, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Peter-Derex
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028-PAM Team, Lyon, France.,Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
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10
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Conte F, Rescott ML, De Rosa O, Cellini N, Coppola A, Cerasuolo M, Malloggi S, Giganti F, Ficca G. Changes in dream features across the first and second waves of the Covid-19 pandemic. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13425. [PMID: 34159658 PMCID: PMC8420319 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Research during the Covid‐19 pandemic has highlighted its significant impact on dreaming. Here we address changes in dream features both during the first wave, when the Italian government imposed a total lockdown, and the second wave (autumn 2020), when a partial lockdown was effected. In April 2020 (total lockdown), 1,622 participants (Mage = 34.1 ± 13.6 years; 1171F) completed an online survey including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a set of questions on dream features and their possible changes relative to the month preceding the lockdown (pre‐total lockdown). In November 2020 (partial lockdown), 214 participants (Mage = 36.78 ± 14.2 years; 159F) from the previous sample completed the same survey. Approximately half of the subjects reported increased or decreased dream frequency (30.5% and 21.8%), length (27.1% and 15.8%) and vividness (31.5% and 17.1%) during total lockdown as well as during partial lockdown (frequency: 30.3% and 13.5%; length: 23.3% and 12.6%; vividness: 31.6% and 24.1%). Dream affect became significantly more negative in total lockdown relative to pre‐total lockdown and in partial lockdown relative to pre‐partial lockdown (both p < .001). Both in total lockdown and partial lockdown, increased negative dream emotionality significantly predicted changes in dream frequency, length and vividness, and was significantly predicted, in turn, by worsened sleep quality. Our data confirm that dream features are significantly affected by major life changes such as those imposed by a pandemic. The fact that between lockdowns negative dream affect returned almost to baseline level suggests that dream emotionality is closely related to lifestyle and wake‐time emotional changes. Also, our findings point to a modulating role of sleep quality on dream emotionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Oreste De Rosa
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Human Inspired Technology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Coppola
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Serena Malloggi
- Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Ficca
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
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11
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Siddique RF, Ahmed O, Hossain KN. Relationship between the fear of COVID-19 disease and sleep quality: the mediating role of stress. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07033. [PMID: 34027200 PMCID: PMC8123159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The whole world almost came to a standstill due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this pandemic, most psychological responses have been at a higher prevalence such as stress, anxiety, depression, lower mental well-being, poor sleep quality, along with the fear of contracting the COVID-19 disease. Related to these psychological responses, previous studies have suggested an association between COVID-19 fear and stress as well as stress and sleep quality. The present study aimed to assess the association between COVID-19 fear and sleep quality and investigate the possible mediating effect of perceived stress during this pandemic. The data were collected, utilizing a self-report online questionnaire, from a sample of 521 Bangladeshi adults. Results showed significant gender differences in COVID-19 fear, stress, and sleep quality and also a significant association between these variables. Mediation results revealed that stress fully mediated the association between COVID-19 fear and sleep quality for males and partially mediated it for females. These results suggest that women are in a more vulnerable position in this pandemic. These findings would be helpful to mental health professionals and policy makers to address the psychological problems induced by the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oli Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Nur Hossain
- Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
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12
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Guerrero-Gomez A, Nöthen-Garunja I, Schredl M, Homberg A, Vulcan M, Brusić A, Bonizzi C, Iannaco C. Dreaming in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Health Crisis: Survey Among a Sample of European School Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:652627. [PMID: 33959080 PMCID: PMC8093446 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.652627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming and contemporary psychodynamic approaches, dreams reflect waking life. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and dreaming in adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Italy, Romania and Croatia involving 2,105 secondary school students (69% girls, mean age 15.6 ± 2.1 years; 31% boys, mean age 15.1 ± 2.2 years; mean age of whole sample 15.4 ± 2.1 years). No substantial differences between countries were found. Thirty-one percent of the participants reported heightened dream recall, 18% noticed an increase in nightmares during the lockdown, and 15% of the provided dreams (n = 498) included pandemic-related content. The results indicate that subjective emotional reactions to lockdown had a significantly higher correlation to dreaming than objective distress (i.e., illness or death of a close one because of COVID-19). These findings suggest that attention to dreams should be included in preventive programs for adolescents with pandemic-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Schredl
- Sleep Laboratory, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Maria Vulcan
- Timișoara 2021 – European Capital of Culture Association, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Asja Brusić
- Rijeka 2020 – European Capital of Culture, Croatian Cultural Centre, Rijeka, Croatia
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13
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Kilius E, Abbas NH, McKinnon L, Samson DR. Pandemic Nightmares: COVID-19 Lockdown Associated With Increased Aggression in Female University Students' Dreams. Front Psychol 2021; 12:644636. [PMID: 33746860 PMCID: PMC7973031 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated stressors have impacted the daily lives and sleeping patterns of many individuals, including university students. Dreams may provide insight into how the mind processes changing realities; dreams not only allow consolidation of new information, but may give the opportunity to creatively "play out" low-risk, hypothetical threat simulations. While there are studies that analyze dreams in high-stress situations, little is known of how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted dreams of university students. The aim of this study was to explore how the dream content of students was affected during the university COVID-19 lockdown period (March-July, 2020). Using online survey methods, we analyzed dream recall content (n = 71) using the Hall-Van de Castle dream coding system and Fisher's exact tests for sex comparisons. Preliminary results indicate that female students experienced more nightmares as compared to male students. Dream analysis found that, relative to normative American College Student (ACS) samples generated pre-COVID-19, women were more likely to experience aggressive interactions in their dream content, including increased physical aggression. Results indicate that university students did experience changes in dream content due to the pandemic lockdown period, with women disproportionally affected. These findings can aid universities in developing support programs for students by bringing forth an understanding of students' concerns and anxieties as they process the "new normal" of social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Kilius
- Sleep and Human Evolution Lab, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Noor H Abbas
- Sleep and Human Evolution Lab, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Leela McKinnon
- Sleep and Human Evolution Lab, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - David R Samson
- Sleep and Human Evolution Lab, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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14
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Zhao X, Lan M, Li H, Yang J. Perceived stress and sleep quality among the non-diseased general public in China during the 2019 coronavirus disease: a moderated mediation model. Sleep Med 2021; 77:339-345. [PMID: 32482485 PMCID: PMC7240276 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, and its associated stressors have resulted in decreased sleep quality among front-line workers. However, in China, the general public displayed more psychological problems than the front-line workers during the pandemic. Therefore, we investigated the influence of perceived stress on the sleep quality of the non-diseased general public and developed a moderated mediation model to explain said relationship. METHODS Questionnaire-based surveys were conducted online from February 18-25, 2020 with 1630 Chinese participants (aged 18-68 years). RESULTS Around one-third (36.38%) of participants were poor sleepers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, higher perceived stress was significantly associated with higher anxiety levels, which, in turn, was associated with lower sleep quality. Self-esteem moderated the indirect effect of perceived stress on sleep quality through its moderation of the effect of perceived stress on anxiety. This indicated that the mediation effect of anxiety was stronger in those with low levels of self-esteem than in those with high levels of self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that both the sleep quality and perceived stress levels of the non-diseased general public required attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings also identify personality characteristics related to better sleep quality, demonstrating the important role of self-esteem in environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengxue Lan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huixiang Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Putois B, Leslie W, Asfeld C, Sierro C, Higgins S, Ruby P. Methodological Recommendations to Control for Factors Influencing Dream and Nightmare Recall in Clinical and Experimental Studies of Dreaming. Front Neurol 2020; 11:724. [PMID: 33041958 PMCID: PMC7523469 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to ensure robust relationships between the dependent and independent variables in clinical dream/nightmare studies, the major factors which influence the frequency of reported dreams must be controlled. This article sets out methodological recommendations to both researchers seeking to ensure the equivalence of experimental groups of participants in group-matching designs, and to clinicians who wish to check that any change in frequency of reported nightmares over the course of a psychological or a pharmacological intervention is not caused by factors other than the experimental treatment itself. The main factors influencing the frequency of dream recall are presented: demographic variables, psychological characteristics, pathological dimensions, and substance consumption. A series of questionnaires is proposed for easily measuring these control variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Putois
- Swiss Distance Learning University, Brig, Switzerland.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292 - INSERM U1028 - Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Wendy Leslie
- Clinical Health Psychology, University of Ulster, Ulster, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Asfeld
- Swiss Distance Learning University, Brig, Switzerland
| | | | - Susan Higgins
- Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Service Pneumologie, Épagny-Metz-Tessy, France
| | - Perrine Ruby
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292 - INSERM U1028 - Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
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16
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Cicolin A, Boffano M, Beccuti G, Piana R, Giordano A. End-of-Life in Oncologic Patients' Dream Content. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080505. [PMID: 32752165 PMCID: PMC7464967 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both non-rapid eye movements and rapid eye movements sleep facilitate the strengthening of newly encoded memory traces, and dream content reflects this process. Numerous studies evaluated the impact of diseases on dream content, with particular reference to cancer, and reported the presence of issues related to death, negative emotions, pain and illness. This study investigates death and illness experiences in 13 consecutive patients with sarcoma compared to paired controls, early after diagnosis, evaluating dream contents, fear of death, mood and anxiety, distress, and severity of disease perception (perceived and communicated). Ten patients and 10 controls completed the study. Dream contents were significantly different between patients and normative data (DreamSat) and patients and controls (higher presence of negative emotions, low familiar settings and characters and no success involving the dreamer). Illness and death were present in 57% of patients’ dreams (0% among controls), but no differences emerged between patients and controls in regard to anxiety and depression, distress and fear of death, even if the severity of illness was correctly perceived. The appearance of emotional elements in dreams and the absence of conscious verbalization of distress and/or depressive or anxious symptoms by patients could be ascribed to the time required for mnestic elaboration (construction/elaboration phase) during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cicolin
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Boffano
- Orthopaedic Oncologic Surgery, Department Oncological and Reconstructive Orthopedics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Guglielmo Beccuti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Raimondo Piana
- Orthopaedic Oncologic Surgery, Department Oncological and Reconstructive Orthopedics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Alessandra Giordano
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
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17
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Wang X, Dai L, Yin M, Deng Y. The factor structure, reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Van Dream Anxiety Scale. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:57-67. [PMID: 30613147 PMCID: PMC6306070 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s192891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Dream emotions and contents are associated with psychological well-being. Dream disturbances, such as frequent nightmares and dream anxiety, are associated with a variety of psychopathological conditions. Therefore, it is important to consider nightmares and the resulting dream anxiety. To address this issue, the Van Dream Anxiety Scale (VDAS) was designed especially for measuring nightmare frequency and dream anxiety caused by frightening dreams. As a Chinese version of VDAS may be helpful in promoting study of nightmare and dream anxiety among Chinese population, in the current study, we sought to develop a Chinese version of the VDAS (CVDAS). METHODS We translated the VDAS into Chinese. To evaluate its validity and reliability, a sample of 1,081 Chinese college students from two universities answered the CVDAS, GAD-7, PHQ-9 and EPQ-R-N. Ninety of them answered the CVDAS twice. We also conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to explore the structure of CVDAS. RESULTS Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.926), split-half reliability (equal-length Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.938) and good test-retest reliability (the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.942 and t=-1.478, P=0.143) of the CVDAS was presented. Exploratory factor analyses indicated a two-factor structure: sleep-related disturbances caused by nightmares and dysfunction caused by nightmares. Convergent and divergent validities were acceptable. CONCLUSION The CVDAS shows promise for the measurement of nightmare frequency and specific dream anxiety in Chinese population. Future study should confirm the reliability and validity in the clinical population and further improve this scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China,
| | - Lisha Dai
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China,
| | - Meng Yin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China,
| | - Yunlong Deng
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China, .,Psychosomatic Health Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China,
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18
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Moksnes UK, Espnes GA. Stress, sense of coherence and subjective health in adolescents aged 13-18 years. Scand J Public Health 2017; 45:397-403. [PMID: 28355961 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817694974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the relationships between sex, age, stress and sense of coherence (SOC) and each of self-rated health (SRH) and subjective health complaints (SHCs) in adolescents. METHODS The study was based on a cross-sectional sample of 1239 adolescents aged 13-18 years. The participants reported scores on a questionnaire, including 12 items assessing SHC, the 13-item version of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire and the 30-item Adolescent Stress Questionnaire. Data were analysed with descriptive, comparative and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Boys scored significantly higher on SRH than girls, whereas girls scored higher on SHCs. In the multivariate model, stress was significantly associated with SHCs, but not with SRH. SOC was significantly positively related to SRH and negatively related to SHC; the associations were significantly stronger for girls than for boys. A significant moderation effect (protective role) of SOC was found on the relation between stress and SHC. CONCLUSIONS No causal conclusion was possible, but the findings may be used as a basis for further investigation of the role of stress and SOC in longitudinal studies and intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni K Moksnes
- 1 NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norway.,2 Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Geir A Espnes
- 1 NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norway.,2 Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
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19
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The direction of the relationship between symptoms of insomnia and psychiatric disorders in adolescents. J Affect Disord 2017; 207:167-174. [PMID: 27723540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the direction of the relationship between symptoms of insomnia disorder, depression, various anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in adolescents after controlling for age, gender, chronotype, and outcome variable at baseline. METHODS Data was collected in eight high schools in Adelaide, South Australia, at two time-points approximately 6 months apart. The study was completed by 318 and 255 high school students at baseline and follow-up, respectively, aged 12-18 (M=14.96, SD=1.34) in grades 7-11 at baseline. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to assess each relationship, the first model controlling for age, gender and chronotype, and the second controlling for outcome variable at baseline. RESULTS Insomnia symptoms predicted and were predicted by symptoms of each psychiatric disorder in model 1. In model 2, insomnia symptoms predicted symptoms of depression, and vice-versa. Symptoms of insomnia also predicted symptoms of separation anxiety disorder (SAD) once SAD, but not vice-versa, in model 2. Symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and social phobia (SP) predicted symptoms of insomnia disorder in model 2, but not vice-versa. Insomnia symptoms were no longer related to symptoms of other anxiety disorders in model 2. LIMITATIONS The use of self-report measures, and potential predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating or preventative factors were not assessed. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of insomnia disorder are bidirectionally related to depressive symptoms independent from baseline symptoms, and unidirectionally related to symptoms of OCD and SP where OCD and SP are independent risk-factors of the development of insomnia symptoms.
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20
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Sierra‐Siegert M, Jay E, Florez C, Garcia AE. Minding the Dreamer Within: An Experimental Study on the Effects of Enhanced Dream Recall on Creative Thinking. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Examining Dark Triad traits in relation to sleep disturbances, anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty in young adults. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 68:103-10. [PMID: 27234190 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Dark Triad (DT) describes a set of three closely related personality traits, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between DT traits, sleep disturbances, anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty. METHOD A total of 341 adults (M=29years) completed a series of questionnaires related to the DT traits, sleep disturbances, anxiety sensitivity, and intolerance of uncertainty. RESULTS A higher DT total score was associated with increased sleep disturbances, and higher scores for anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty. In regression analyses Machiavellianism and psychopathy were predictors of sleep disturbances, anxiety sensitivity, and intolerance of uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that specific DT traits, namely Machiavellianism and psychopathy, are associated with sleep disturbances, anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty in young adults.
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22
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Brand S, Colledge F, Beeler N, Pühse U, Kalak N, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Mikoteit T, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Gerber M. The current state of physical activity and exercise programs in German-speaking, Swiss psychiatric hospitals: results from a brief online survey. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:1309-17. [PMID: 27350748 PMCID: PMC4902243 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity and exercise programs (PAEPs) are an important factor in increasing and maintaining physical and mental health. This holds particularly true for patients with psychiatric disorders undergoing treatment in a psychiatric hospital. To understand whether the benefits reported in the literature are mirrored in current treatment modalities, the aim of the present study was to assess the current state of PAEPs in psychiatric hospitals in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. METHODS All psychiatric hospitals (N=55) in the German-speaking part of Switzerland were contacted in spring 2014. Staff responsible for PAEPs were asked to complete an online questionnaire covering questions related to PAEPs such as type, frequency, staff training, treatment rationale, importance of PAEPs within the treatment strategy, and possible avenues to increase PAEPs. RESULTS Staff members of 48 different psychiatric hospitals completed the survey. Hospitals provided the following therapeutic treatments: relaxation techniques (100%), sports therapy (97%), activity-related psychotherapeutic interventions (95%), physiotherapy (85%), body therapies (59%), far-east techniques (57%), and hippotherapy (22%). Frequencies ranged from once/week to five times/week. Approximately 25% of patients participated in the PAEPs. Interventions were offered irrespective of psychiatric disorders. PAEP providers wanted and needed more vocational training. CONCLUSION All participating psychiatric hospitals offer a broad variety of PAEPs in their treatment curricula. However, the majority of inpatients do not participate in PAEPs. Furthermore, those who do participate cannot continue to do so following discharge. PAEP providers need specific extended vocational trainings and believe that the potential of PA should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Brand
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flora Colledge
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Beeler
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadeem Kalak
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Mikoteit
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Sabouri S, Gerber M, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Lemola S, Clough PJ, Kalak N, Shamsi M, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. Examining Dark Triad traits in relation to mental toughness and physical activity in young adults. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:229-35. [PMID: 26869790 PMCID: PMC4737324 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s97267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Dark Triad (DT) describes a set of three closely related personality traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Mental toughness (MT) refers to a psychological construct combining confidence, commitment, control, and challenge. High MT is related to greater physical activity (PA) and, relative to men, women have lower MT scores. The aims of the present study were 1) to investigate the association between DT, MT, and PA, and 2) to compare the DT, MT, and PA scores of men and women. METHODS A total of 341 adults (M=29 years; 51.6% women; range: 18-37 years) took part in the study. Participants completed a series of questionnaires assessing DT, MT, and PA. RESULTS Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy were all significantly associated with higher MT scores (rs =0.45, 0.50, and 0.20, respectively). DT traits and MT were associated with more vigorous PA. Compared to men, women participants had lower scores for DT traits (overall score and psychopathy), while no differences were found for MT or PA in both sexes. CONCLUSION DT traits, high MT, and vigorous PA are interrelated. This pattern of results might explain why, for instance, successful professional athletes can at the same time be tough and ruthless.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sabouri
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, AllamehTabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sakari Lemola
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Clough
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Nadeem Kalak
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mahin Shamsi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, AllamehTabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Zeigelboim BS, de Carvalho HAS, Teive HAG, Liberalesso PBN, Jurkiewicz AL, da Silva Abdulmassih EM, Marques JM, Cordeiro ML. Central auditory processing in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia. Hear Res 2015; 327:235-44. [PMID: 26183435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of rare and heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the presence of progressive cerebellar ataxia. Although the symptomatology of SCAs is well known, information regarding central auditory functioning in these patients is lacking. Therefore, we assessed the central auditory processing disorders (CAPD) in patients with different subtypes of SCA. METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional study, we subjected 43 patients with SCAs to otorhinolaryngological, audiological, Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEP) and acoustic immittance evaluations as well as CAPD tests, namely the Standard Spondaic Word (SSW) and the Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT). RESULTS Most patients (83.7%) reported an imbalance when walking; many reported difficulty speaking (48.8%), dizziness (41.8%), and dysphagia (39.5%). In the audiometric test, 14/43 patients (32.5%) presented alterations, including 4/12 patients with SCA3 (33.3%), 1/8 patients with SCA2 (12.5%), 1/1 patient with SCA4 (100%), 1/1 patient with SCA6 (100%), 1/1 patient with SCA7 (100%), 3/6 patients with SCA10 (50%), and 3/14 patients with an undetermined type of SCA (21.4%). In the BAEP test, 20/43 patients (46.5%) presented alterations (11.6% na orelha esquerda e 34.9% bilateralmente), including 7/12 patients with SCA3 (58.3%), 5/8 patients with SCA2 (62.5%), 1/1 patient with SCA4 (100%), 1/1 patient with SCA6 (100%), 1/1 patient with SCA7 (100%), 4/6 patients with SCA10 (66.7%), and 2/14 patients with an undetermined type of SCA (14.2%). In the SSW, 22/40 patients (55%) presented alterations (2.5% in the right ear, 15% in the left ear, and 37.5% bilaterally), including 6/10 patients (60%) with SCA3, 3/8 (37.5%) with SCA2, 1/1 (100%) with SCA4, 1/1 (100%) with SCA6, 1/1 (100%) with SCA7, 4/5 (80%) with SCA10, and 8/14 (57.1%) with an undetermined type SCA. For the RGDT, 30/40 patients (75%) presented alterations, including 8/10 (80%) with SCA3, 6/8 (75%) with SCA2, 1/1 (100%) with SCA4, 1/1 (100%) with SCA6, 1/1 (100%) with SCA7, 4/5 (80%) with SCA10, and 9/14 (64.3%) with an undetermined type of SCA. In immittance testing, 19/43 patients (44.1%) presented alterations, including 6/12 (50%) with SCA3, 4/8 (50%) with SCA2, 1/1 (100%) with SCA4, 1/1 (100%) with SCA6, 1/1 (100%) with SCA7, 2/6 (33.3%) with SCA10, and 4/14 (28.6%) with an undetermined type of SCA. CONCLUSIONS A majority of patients exhibited SSW test deficits, with a predominance of bilateralism, and three-fourths had impaired RGDT performance, pointing to difficulties with binaural integration and temporal resolution. Assessment of CAPD is important for therapeutic follow ups in patients with SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hélio Afonso Ghizoni Teive
- Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Medical, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mara Lúcia Cordeiro
- Neurosciences Research Group, Pelé Little Prince Research Institute, Curitiba, Brazil; Faculdades Little Prince, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences of the David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Thys E, Sabbe B, De Hert M. The assessment of creativity in creativity/psychopathology research - a systematic review. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2014; 19:359-77. [PMID: 24512614 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2013.877384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The possible link between creativity and psychopathology has been a long time focus of research up to the present day. However, this research is hampered by methodological problems, especially the definition and assessment of creativity. This makes interpretation and comparison of studies difficult and possibly accounts for the contradictory results of this research. METHODS In this systematic review of the literature, research articles in the field of creativity and psychopathology were searched for creativity assessment tools. The tools used in the collected articles are presented and discussed. RESULTS The results indicate that a multitude of creativity assessment tools were used, that many studies only used one tool to assess creativity and that most of these tools were only used in a limited number of studies. A few assessment tools stand out by a more frequent use, also outside psychopathological research, and more solid psychometric properties. CONCLUSION Most scales used to evaluate creativity have poor psychometric properties. The scattered methodology to assess creativity compromises the generalizability and validity of this research. The field should creatively develop new validated instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Thys
- a University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven , Kortenberg , Belgium
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26
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Garcia C, Zhang L, Holt K, Hardeman R, Peterson B. Latina Adolescent Sleep and Mood: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2014; 27:132-41. [DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Garcia
- School of Nursing; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Katie Holt
- School of Nursing; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Rachel Hardeman
- Department of Medicine; University of Minnesota and Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research; Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Barbara Peterson
- School of Nursing; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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27
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Alvaro PK, Roberts RM, Harris JK. The independent relationships between insomnia, depression, subtypes of anxiety, and chronotype during adolescence. Sleep Med 2014; 15:934-41. [PMID: 24958244 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the independent effects of depression and subtypes of anxiety on insomnia, and vice versa, and the independent effect of chronotype on insomnia, depression, and subtypes of anxiety. METHODS In all, 318 South Australian high school students from grades 7-11 (age range, 12-18years; mean, 14.97±1.34) participated in this cross-sectional study. Validated self-report questionnaires were used to assess insomnia, depression, subtypes of anxiety, and chronotype. RESULTS After confounder variables were controlled, insomnia predicted depression and panic disorder (PD), whereas insomnia was predicted by depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), separation anxiety (SAD), and social phobia (SP) were not significantly related to insomnia. Eveningness predicted the models in which depression and PD predicted insomnia and vice versa. Eveningness also predicted the models in which insomnia was predicted by OCD, SAD, and SP. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia independently predicts depression and is predicted by depression and GAD, but not by other forms of anxiety. The independent prediction of insomnia on PD is unlikely to be clinically significant. Chronotype independently predicts and hence is a risk factor for insomnia and depression, but not subtypes of anxiety. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale K Alvaro
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Rachel M Roberts
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jodie K Harris
- Flinders University of South Australia, Centre for Treatment of Anxiety and Depression, SA Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Malboeuf-Hurtubise C, Achille M, Sultan S, Vadnais M. Mindfulness-based intervention for teenagers with cancer: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14:135. [PMID: 23663534 PMCID: PMC3655094 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals living with cancer must learn to face not only the physical symptoms of their condition, but also the anxiety and uncertainty related to the progression of the disease, the anticipation of physical and emotional pain related to illness and treatment, the significant changes implied in living with cancer, as well as the fear of recurrence after remission. Mindfulness-based meditation constitutes a promising option to alleviate these manifestations. Methods/Design This article presents the rationale and protocol development for a research project aimed at evaluating the effects of a mindfulness-based meditation intervention on quality of life, sleep, and mood in adolescents with cancer compared to a control group. A prospective, longitudinal, experimental design involving three time points (baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up) and two groups (experimental and control) was developed for this project. Participants will be assigned randomly to either group. Eligible participants are adolescents aged 11 to 18 years with a diagnosis of cancer, with no specific selection/exclusion based on type, stage, or trajectory of cancer. A final sample size of 28 participants is targeted. Adolescents in the experimental group will be completing the mindfulness meditation intervention, taught by two trained therapists. The intervention will comprise of eight weekly sessions, lasting 90 min each. Once the follow-up assessment is completed by the experimental group, wait-list controls will be offered to complete the mindfulness-based program. Intra-group analyses will serve to evaluate the impact of the mindfulness-based meditation intervention on quality of life, sleep, and mood pre-post intervention, as well as follow-up. Analyses will also be used to carry out inter-group comparisons between the experimental group and the wait-list controls. Voluntary participation, risk of attrition, and the small sample size are potential limitations of this project. In spite of possible limitations, this project will be one among very few aimed at improving quality of life, sleep, and mood in adolescents living with cancer, will evaluate the potential benefits of such a practice on both psychological and physical health of youth with cancer, and help in creating mindfulness-based intervention programs, in order to provide the necessary psychological help to adolescents living with cancer. Trial registration Trial registration number:
NCT01783418
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Nielsen T. Variations in dream recall frequency and dream theme diversity by age and sex. Front Neurol 2012; 3:106. [PMID: 22783222 PMCID: PMC3389337 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed dream recall frequency (DRF) and dream theme diversity (DTD) with an internet questionnaire among a cohort of 28,888 male and female participants aged 10–79 years in a cross-sectional design. DRF increased from adolescence (ages 10–19) to early adulthood (20–29) and then decreased again for the next 20 years. The nature of this decrease differed for males and females. For males, it began earlier (30–39), proceeded more gradually, and reached a nadir earlier (40–49) than it did for females. For females, it began later (40–49), dropped more abruptly, and reached nadir later (50–59). Marked sex differences were observed for age strata 10–19 through 40–49 and year-by-year analyses estimated the window for these differences to be more precisely from 14 to 44 years. DTD decreased linearly with age for both sexes up to 50–59 and then dropped even more sharply for 60–79. There was a sex difference favoring males on this measure but only for ages 10–19. Findings replicate, in a single sample, those from several previous studies showing an increase in DRF from adolescence to early adulthood, a subsequent decrease primarily in early and middle adulthood, and different patterns of age-related decrease in the two sexes. Age-related changes in sleep structure, such as decreasing %REM sleep which parallel the observed dream recall changes, might help explain these findings, but these sleep changes are much smaller and more gradual in nature. Changes in the phase and amplitude of circadian rhythms of REM propensity and generational differences in life experiences may also account for some part of the findings. That decreases in DTD parallel known age-related decreases in episodic and autobiographical memory may signify that this new diversity measure indexes an aspect of autobiographical memory that also influences dream recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
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Kim HS, Ham OK, Kim JW, Park JY. Association between sleep duration and psychological health in overweight and obese children in Korea. Nurs Health Sci 2012; 14:238-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2012.00685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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