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Schiff SJ, Meza J, Bath E, Lee SS. Commercially Sexually Exploited Adolescent Girls: The Association Between Externalizing Disorders and Parental Incarceration with Suicide Attempts. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01730-1. [PMID: 38935209 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) is a significant public health concern disproportionately affecting ethnoracially minoritized girls. Despite strong associations of CSE with suicide attempts, little is known about correlates of suicide among girls with CSE histories. Elevated rates of externalizing disorders (i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], disruptive behavior disorders [DBD], conduct disorder [CD]) were observed among CSE youth, particularly in ethnoracially minoritized samples. Youth with CSE histories are frequently affected by parental incarceration, which is correlated with risk for suicide attempts. We tested cross-sectional simultaneous associations of externalizing disorders and parental incarceration with number of suicide attempts among 360 ethnoracially diverse girls affected by CSE (Mean age = 18.86). ADHD, DBD, and maternal incarceration were positively associated with number of suicide attempts. Findings implicate clinical/familial correlates of suicide attempts in this marginalized group, suggesting early suicide prevention efforts may improve traction on this problem by focusing on individual and family level factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Schiff
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
| | - Jocelyn Meza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eraka Bath
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
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Pucciarelli DM, Ramasubramani R, Trautmann CH. Associations Between Psychopathological Symptom Severity Amid the Pandemic and the Childhood Sociodemographic Environment. Cureus 2024; 16:e56458. [PMID: 38638738 PMCID: PMC11024765 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with various health conditions in adulthood. Here, we examine the extent to which childhood SES is associated with COVID-19 pandemic anxiety and depression. Participants (n = 212), recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, were assessed for depression and anxiety in February 2022 for both the current context and retrospective self-perceived early pandemic depression and anxiety (April 2020). Participants also reported childhood SES and current demographics. Consistent with predated findings, we show a strong, positive correlation between depression and anxiety under both conditions. Paternal unemployment in childhood was associated with increased anxiety, while maternal occupation was not. High household education in childhood was generally associated with greater anxiety and depression, similar to past studies examining education levels and depression. However, the shift from high school to post-secondary degrees (trade school and associate's) was associated with decreased anxiety and depression, which may reflect "essential work" careers, therefore indicating a dualism. Growing up in crowded, de-individualized spaces was associated with lower anxiety and depression, suggesting better conditioning for the imposition of COVID-19 quarantines. Pandemic-related unemployment was associated with an increase in anxiety and depression. Strong political views, regardless of ideology, were associated with increased anxiety. Finally, participants in our cohort perceived their mental health to be worse in the early pandemic for anxiety and depression, up 6.6% and 7.9%, respectively. Our work suggests a complex relationship between SES, demographics, and anxiety and depression during the pandemic. These findings emphasize the importance of exploring the dynamics between early SES and mental health in adulthood, particularly during extended societal stressors.
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Biased reporting of past self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: A literature review. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:596-606. [PMID: 35429538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate assessment of suicide risk is critical for clinical practice, empirical advances, and informing public policy. In this narrative review of the literature, we compiled evidence from longitudinal studies that identify reporting bias of past self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) and examined possible correlates of inconsistent reporting. METHOD We conducted an extensive literature search, including 19 longitudinal samples or subsamples who reported the presence of current or past SITB at an initial but not at a subsequent assessment (yes/no inconsistent reports). RESULTS The median was 33%, and the weighted mean was 39% (95% CI, 37%-41%) for the prevalence of inconsistent reporting of SITB across the longitudinal samples. Importantly, inconsistent reports were linked with less internalizing psychopathology and more adaptive functioning. The type of sample recruited and assessment interval may also be relevant factors to consider. LIMITATIONS Variability of sample characteristics and methodology made it challenging to draw firm conclusions across studies but provide information about critical sources of bias. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest considerable caution for clinical, empirical, and policy decision-making based on lifetime reports of suicide and encourage a continued consideration for identifying potential reporting biases for SITB.
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Marraccini ME, Brick LA, O'Neill JC, Weyandt LL, Buchanan AL. Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Among College Students: A Latent Class Analysis. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 25:731-750. [PMID: 32233913 PMCID: PMC7529881 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1746942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explored emerging typologies of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors and how they relate to known psychological and cognitive correlates. Latent class analysis was employed to identify subgroups of college students (n = 626, mean age = 20, 73% female, and 83% White) based on history of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Differences among classes were tested to examine their associations with suicidal ideation, fearlessness of death, depression/hopelessness, thwarted belongingness, problems with alcohol or drugs, behavioral inhibition, and emotional control. Results of the latent class analysis supported a 3-class solution, with students classified as being likely to have (1) no history of any self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (78%); (2) a history of all self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (8%); or (3) a history of suicidal ideation, plan, and non-suicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, but not suicide attempt (13%). Findings examining correlates of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors highlight the importance of fearlessness of death for distinguishing suicide attempters from non-attempters. Attention to mental health and suicide prevention initiatives should remain a critical priority across college campuses.
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Miché M, Studerus E, Meyer AH, Gloster AT, Beesdo-Baum K, Wittchen HU, Lieb R. Prospective prediction of suicide attempts in community adolescents and young adults, using regression methods and machine learning. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:570-578. [PMID: 31786028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of machine learning (ML) algorithms to study suicidality has recently been recommended. Our aim was to explore whether ML approaches have the potential to improve the prediction of suicide attempt (SA) risk. Using the epidemiological multiwave prospective-longitudinal Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) data set, we compared four algorithms-logistic regression, lasso, ridge, and random forest-in predicting a future SA in a community sample of adolescents and young adults. METHODS The EDSP Study prospectively assessed, over the course of 10 years, adolescents and young adults aged 14-24 years at baseline. Of 3021 subjects, 2797 were eligible for prospective analyses because they participated in at least one of the three follow-up assessments. Sixteen baseline predictors, all selected a priori from the literature, were used to predict follow-up SAs. Model performance was assessed using repeated nested 10-fold cross-validation. As the main measure of predictive performance we used the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS The mean AUCs of the four predictive models, logistic regression, lasso, ridge, and random forest, were 0.828, 0.826, 0.829, and 0.824, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on our comparison, each algorithm performed equally well in distinguishing between a future SA case and a non-SA case in community adolescents and young adults. When choosing an algorithm, different considerations, however, such as ease of implementation, might in some instances lead to one algorithm being prioritized over another. Further research and replication studies are required in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Miché
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich Studerus
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Personality and Developmental Psychology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Hans Meyer
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Thomas Gloster
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Technische Universitaet Dresden, Behavioral Epidemiology, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universitaet Dresden, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Technische Universitaet Dresden, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany; Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
| | - Roselind Lieb
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland.
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Kreniske P, Mellins CA, Dolezal C, Korich R, Leu CS, Wiznia A, Abrams EJ. Sounding the Alarm: Perinatally HIV-Infected Youth More Likely to Attempt Suicide Than Their Uninfected Cohort Peers. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:702-705. [PMID: 31481285 PMCID: PMC6814538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth in the U.S., yet there are few studies on suicide among youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection (YPHIV). Our aim was to determine if suicide attempts differed for YPHIV compared with perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected peers (YPHEU). METHODS Data come from a longitudinal behavioral health cohort (N = 340) of YPHIV (n = 206) and YPHEU (n = 134) recruited between ages 9 and 16 years and interviewed with psychosocial batteries every 12-18 months. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between reported suicide attempt and participants' HIV status. We assessed whether baseline demographic characteristics and sexual orientation were potential confounding factors. Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the association between first attempted suicide and HIV status within age groups. RESULTS YPHIV were more likely to make a suicide attempt than YPHEU (odds ratio = 2.35, 95% confidence interval = 1.28-4.34). Youth most often reported their first attempt between the ages of 14-18 years. Demographic characteristics and sexual orientation were not associated with attempted suicide. CONCLUSIONS YPHIV compared with YPHEU were more likely to report a suicide attempt, and this difference emerged during late adolescence and persisted through young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kreniske
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York.
| | - Claude Ann Mellins
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Curtis Dolezal
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rehema Korich
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Cheng-Shiun Leu
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Wiznia
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York
| | - Elaine J Abrams
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Moeini B, Bashirian S, Soltanian AR, Ghaleiha A, Taheri M. Prevalence of depression and its associated sociodemographic factors among Iranian female adolescents in secondary schools. BMC Psychol 2019; 7:25. [PMID: 31014389 PMCID: PMC6480819 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-019-0298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Across the globe, depression is a common psychiatric disorder and is the main cause of disability among adolescents. To this end, this study was conducted to screen for the prevalence of depression among secondary school female students in the city of Hamadan, in western Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 670 secondary school female students, within the age range of 15–18 years were investigated using multistage random sampling method. Moreover, the Persian version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and a researcher-designed questionnaire containing demographic variables were employed as research instruments. Analyses of the findings were made using SPSS version 16 software followed by stratified logistic regression model, which was performed for correlation analysis. Results The mean (standard deviation) age of students was 16.2 (0.68) years. The prevalence of severe depression in female students estimated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was equal to 52.6%. A statistically significant relationship was also observed to exist between prevalence of depression and type of school (P < 0.001), family income (P < 0.001), living in the suburbs (P < 0.001), and field of study at school (P < 0.001). However, no statistically significant correlation was found between depression among students and school grade, type of living with parents, father’s education and occupation, mother’s education and occupation, and family size. Conclusion Depression was prevalent among the secondary school female students examined and it significantly correlated with socioeconomic status. Therefore, periodic screening, psychological training programs, proper diagnosis of high-risk individuals in secondary schools, and early intervention among secondary school female students are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Moeini
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeed Bashirian
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Malihe Taheri
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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8
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Miller DN. Suicidal Behavior in Children: Issues and Implications for Elementary Schools. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40688-018-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Rancourt D, Jensen CD, Duraccio KM, Evans EW, Wing RR, Jelalian E. Successful weight loss initiation and maintenance among adolescents with overweight and obesity: does age matter? Clin Obes 2018; 8:176-183. [PMID: 29426064 PMCID: PMC5940562 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatments for adolescents with overweight/obesity demonstrate mixed success, which may be due to a lack of consideration for developmental changes during this period. Potential developmental differences in weight loss motivations, weight maintenance behaviours and the role of parents in these efforts were examined in a sample of successful adolescent weight losers. Participants enrolled in the Adolescent Weight Control Registry (n = 49) self-reported demographic information and weight history, reasons for weight loss and weight control, weight loss approach and weight maintenance strategies, and perceived parental involvement with weight loss. Associations between age at weight loss initiation and the aforementioned factors were examined using linear and generalized regressions, controlling for highest z-BMI and sex. Adolescents who were older (≥16 years) at their weight loss initiation were more likely to report losing weight on their own (37.5% vs. 75%, P = 0.01) and reported greater responsibility for their weight loss and weight loss maintenance (P < 0.001) compared to younger adolescents. Younger age at weight loss initiation was associated with greater parental involvement (P = 0.005), whereas older age was associated with greater adolescent responsibility for the decision to lose weight (P = 0.002), the weight loss approach (P = 0.007) and food choices (P < 0.001). Findings suggest the importance of considering developmental differences in responsibility for weight loss and maintenance among adolescents with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rancourt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PCD4118G, Tampa, FL 33620
| | - Chad D. Jensen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 223 John Taylor Building, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Kara M. Duraccio
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 223 John Taylor Building, Provo, UT 84602
| | - E. Whitney Evans
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, 196 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Rena R. Wing
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, 196 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Elissa Jelalian
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, 196 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903
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Swindle TM, Ward WL, Bokony P, Whiteside-Mansell L. A Cross-Sectional Study of Early Childhood Educators' Childhood and Current Food Insecurity and Dietary Intake. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2016; 13:40-54. [PMID: 29606990 DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2016.1227752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, ECEs (N=307) completed an 18-item survey regarding their role (lead vs. assistant), Education level, Program Type, and Current and Childhood Food Insecurity (FI) and Dietary Intake. ECEs in this study reported poor dietary quality and a high rate of FI. Approximately one quarter of ECEs ate fruits and vegetables more than once per day. Of participating ECEs, 34.5% indicated Current FI and 28.7% reported experiencing FI in Childhood. Differences in prevalence of Current FI were found for ECE role, Program Type, and Education (all p ≤ .03). Regression models with Childhood Dietary Intake, Childhood FI, Education, and Program Type as predictors accounted for a significant portion of variance in Current Dietary outcomes. In both models, Childhood Dietary Intake was uniquely predictive (p < .001) although Program Type was not. Future training and education efforts for ECEs should consider including specific resources to assess and reduce ECE FI and provide practical support for healthy eating on a budget. Additional research is needed to determine the impact of ECE FI on a variety of educator and child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren M Swindle
- Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199; United States of America
| | - Wendy L Ward
- Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1 Children's Way, Slot #512-21, Little Rock, AR 72202-3591; United States of America
| | - Patti Bokony
- Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199; United States of America
| | - Leanne Whiteside-Mansell
- Professor, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199; United States of America
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Fountoulakis KN, Savopoulos C, Zannis P, Apostolopoulou M, Fountoukidis I, Kakaletsis N, Kanellos I, Dimellis D, Hyphantis T, Tsikerdekis A, Pompili M, Hatzitolios AI. Climate change but not unemployment explains the changing suicidality in Thessaloniki Greece (2000-2012). J Affect Disord 2016; 193:331-8. [PMID: 26796233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently there was a debate concerning the etiology behind attempts and completed suicides. The aim of the current study was to search for possible correlations between the rates of attempted and completed suicide and climate variables and regional unemployment per year in the county of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, northern Greece, for the years 2000-12. MATERIAL AND METHODS The regional rates of suicide and attempted suicide as well as regional unemployment were available from previous publications of the authors. The climate variables were calculated from the daily E-OBS gridded dataset which is based on observational data RESULTS Only the male suicide rates correlate significantly with high mean annual temperature but not with unemployment. The multiple linear regression analysis results suggest that temperature is the only variable that determines male suicides and explains 51% of their variance. Unemployment fails to contribute significantly to the model. There seems to be a seasonal distribution for attempts with mean rates being higher for the period from May to October and the rates clearly correlate with temperature. The highest mean rates were observed during May and August and the lowest during December and February. Multiple linear regression analysis suggests that temperature also determines the female attempts rate although the explained variable is significant but very low (3-5%) CONCLUSION Climate variables and specifically high temperature correlate both with suicide and attempted suicide rates but with a different way between males and females. The climate effect was stronger than the effect of unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos Savopoulos
- 1st Propedeutic Dept of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Prodromos Zannis
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Ilias Fountoukidis
- Internal Medicine Department, Agios Pavlos Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kakaletsis
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ilias Kanellos
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimos Dimellis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Thomas Hyphantis
- Department of Psychiatry, Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Tsikerdekis
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Apostolos I Hatzitolios
- 1st Propedeutic Dept of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Fountoulakis KN, Savopoulos C, Apostolopoulou M, Dampali R, Zaggelidou E, Karlafti E, Fountoukidis I, Kountis P, Limenopoulos V, Plomaritis E, Theodorakis P, Hatzitolios AI. Rate of suicide and suicide attempts and their relationship to unemployment in Thessaloniki Greece (2000-2012). J Affect Disord 2015; 174:131-6. [PMID: 25497469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently there was a debate concerning the relationship between the economic crisis and an increase in attempted and completed suicides in Europe and especially in Greece. The aim of the current study was to calculate the rates of attempted and completed suicide per year in the county of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, northern Greece, for the years 2000-12, and to investigate their relationship with unemployment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The archive of the Emergency Outpatient Units of three hospitals was investigated and the results were projected to the county population. Data from the Hellenic statistics authority concerning regional general population and suicides and unemployment were used. RESULTS The rate of attempted suicides was 16.69-40.34 per 10(5) inhabitants for males and 41.43-110.82 for females. Medication was the preferred method for 95.93%. The completed suicide rates varied from 3.62 to 5.47 for males and from 0.19 to 1.95 per 10(5) inhabitants for females. The male attempt rate correlated negatively with regional male unemployment (-0.63). For females the respected value was similar (-0.72). Concerning competed suicide rates, the respected values were 0.34 and 0.65. The attempt was repeated by 15.34%; almost half-repeated within the same year and 75% within two years. The female to male ratio varied significantly across years with 2:1 (more females) being the probable value for attempts and 1:3.6 (more males) for completed suicides. CONCLUSION This is the first study from Greece reporting rates on the basis of hospital archives. Attempt and suicide rates are low in Greece. Attempts are negatively and suicides are positively correlated with unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos Savopoulos
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Roxani Dampali
- Achladochori Prefectural Outpatient Clinic, Serres County, Greece.
| | - Eleni Zaggelidou
- Forensic Service of Thessaloniki, Ministry of Justice, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Karlafti
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ilias Fountoukidis
- Internal Medicine Department, Agios Pavlos Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Pavlos Kountis
- Internal Medicine Department, "G. Gennimatas" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Vasilis Limenopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, "G. Gennimatas" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | | | - Apostolos I Hatzitolios
- 1st Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Wolk CB, Kendall PC, Beidas RS. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for child anxiety confers long-term protection from suicidality. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54:175-9. [PMID: 25721182 PMCID: PMC4344955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence for an independent relationship between anxiety and suicidality has been mixed. Few studies have examined this relationship in youth seeking treatment for anxiety. The present study examined the relationship between response to treatment for an anxiety disorder in childhood and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts at a follow-up interval of 7 to 19 years. We hypothesized that successful treatment for an anxiety disorder in childhood would be protective against later suicidality. METHOD The present study was a 7- to 19-year (mean = 16.24 years; SD = 3.56 years) follow-up study. Adults (N = 66) completed cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for anxiety as children. Information regarding suicidality at follow-up was obtained via the World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). RESULTS Results indicate that participants who responded favorably to CBT during childhood were less likely to endorse lifetime, past-month, and past-2-week suicidal ideation than treatment nonresponders. This was consistent across self-report and interview-report of suicidal ideation. Treatment response was not significantly associated with suicide plans or attempts, although the infrequent occurrence of both limited the ability to detect findings. CONCLUSION Results suggest more chronic and enduring patterns of suicidal ideation among individuals with anxiety in childhood that is not successfully treated. This study adds to the literature that suggests that successful CBT for childhood anxiety confers long-term benefits and underscores the importance of the identification and evidence-based treatment of youth anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Benjamin Wolk
- Center for Mental Health Policy and Services Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
| | - Philip C Kendall
- Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders Clinic, Temple University, Philadelphia
| | - Rinad S Beidas
- Center for Mental Health Policy and Services Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Park S, Kim JW, Kim BN, Bae JH, Shin MS, Yoo HJ, Cho SC. Clinical characteristics and precipitating factors of adolescent suicide attempters admitted for psychiatric inpatient care in South Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2015; 12:29-36. [PMID: 25670943 PMCID: PMC4310918 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2015.12.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the rates, correlates, methods, and precipitating factors of suicide attempts among adolescent patients admitted for psychiatric inpatient care from 1999 to 2010 in a university hospital in Korea. METHODS The subjects consisted of 728 patients who were admitted for psychiatric inpatient care in a university hospital over a 12-year period and who were aged 10-19 years at the time of admission. We retrospectively investigated the information on suicidal behaviors and other clinical information by reviewing the subjects' electronic medical records. Whether these patients had completed their suicide on 31 December 2010 was determined by a link to the database of the National Statistical Office. RESULTS Among 728 subjects, 21.7% had suicidal ideation at admission, and 10.7% admitted for suicidal attempts. Female gender, divorced/widowed parents, and the presence of mood disorders were associated with a significantly increased likelihood of suicide attempts. Most common method of suicide attempts was cutting, and most common reason for suicide attempts was relationship problems within the primary support group. A diagnosis of schizophrenia was associated with increased risk of death by suicide after discharge. CONCLUSION These results highlight the role of specific psychosocial factor (e.g., relational problems) and psychiatric disorders (e.g., mood disorders) in the suicide attempts of Korean adolescents, and the need for effective prevention strategies for adolescents at risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Bongseng Memorial Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sup Shin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Churl Cho
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Ortíz-Gómez LD, López-Canul B, Arankowsky-Sandoval G. Factors associated with depression and suicide attempts in patients undergoing rehabilitation for substance abuse. J Affect Disord 2014; 169:10-4. [PMID: 25128860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity of major depression with substance abuse increases the risk of committing suicide. The objective of this work was to determine the psychological and socio-demographic factors associated with depression and suicide attempts in patients rehabilitating for drug consumption. METHOD 57 Patients attending a center for drug abuse treatment answered the following instruments: the Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview, a questionnaire of general information and background data on consumption of substances, depression and suicide attempts, and the Spanish adaptation of the Holmes and Rahe scale for the assessment of life events. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to establish associations between variables. RESULTS 68.4% of the Patients had current major depression, of these, 75.4% experienced it before the onset of substance abuse. Patients attempting suicide before drug use corresponded to 26%, whilst 28.1% attempted suicide within the last year. Current depression-related variables were receiving a diagnosis of depression prior to the consumption of drugs and the first used drugs, which were alcohol or marijuana. The adverse life event "Familial drug abuse history", was also significantly related to depression (p=0.02). Variables associated with current suicide attempts were: receiving a diagnosis of depression prior to the consumption of drugs (p=0.02), and suicide attempts previous to drug use (p<0.003). LIMITATION A limitation of this study was the small size of the sample. CONCLUSION Patients with depression who attempted suicide prior to the use of drugs also experienced these conditions during the rehabilitation process. Substance use in the family was a risk factor for both, underscoring the need of actions aimed at preventing addictions in the household environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Ortíz-Gómez
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 90 S/N x 59 y 59-A CP 97000, C.P. 97000 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - B López-Canul
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes # 490 x 59, C.P. 97000 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - G Arankowsky-Sandoval
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes # 490 x 59, C.P. 97000 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Kerr DCR, Gibson B, Leve LD, Degarmo DS. Young adult follow-up of adolescent girls in juvenile justice using the Columbia suicide severity rating scale. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2014; 44:113-29. [PMID: 24446880 PMCID: PMC3989504 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the reliability and validity of the Columbia Suicide Severity Scale (C-SSRS). Severely delinquent adolescent girls (n = 166) participated in a treatment trial and repeated assessments over time. Lifetime suicide attempt history was measured using the C-SSRS in early adulthood (n = 144; 7-12 years postbaseline). Nonclinician raters showed strong interrater reliability using the C-SSRS. Self-reports, caseworker reports, and caregiver reports of girls' suicide attempt histories collected at baseline correlated with adult participants' recollections of their baseline attempt histories. Suicidal ideation measured prospectively across a 7- to -12-year period was associated with retrospectively reported suicide attempt across the same period.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C R Kerr
- Oregon Social Learning Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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17
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Chung SS, Joung KH. Risk factors related to suicidal ideation and attempted suicide: comparative study of Korean and American youth. J Sch Nurs 2012; 28:448-58. [PMID: 22554898 DOI: 10.1177/1059840512446704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicidal trends and related characteristics such as sociodemographic factors, psychological factors, and health behaviors can differ between countries. This study investigated the predictors of suicidal ideation and attempted suicide including health behaviors among American and Korean youth from two national representative data sets. In both countries, depression was the most predominant predictor to suicidal ideation and attempted suicide. Unique predictors of suicidal youth in each country were also found. In America, attempted suicide was predicted by poor body image, whereas in Korea attempted suicide was predicted by medical diagnosis such as asthma, concern about weight, and alcohol consumption. The value of our approach lies in the comparative analysis of analogous and unique characteristics of suicidal youths in these two huge data sets from different countries. These results should be helpful for school and mental health care providers to plan interventions for youth at risk of suicide to prevent suicidal completion in these nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Suk Chung
- Department of Statistics and Institute of Applied Statistics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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