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Torales J, Barrios I, Tullo-Gómez JE, Melgarejo O, Gómez N, Riego V, Navarro R, García O, Figueredo P, Almirón-Santacruz J, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. Suicides among Children and Adolescents in Paraguay: An 18-year National Exploratory Study (2004-2022). Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1649-1657. [PMID: 37092764 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231169656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide and suicide attempts are impacting events for patients and their relatives, and these behaviors are still taboo among adults and may be even more traumatic when involving children and adolescents. AIM In this study we aimed to describe suicide rates among children and adolescents in Paraguay over the last decades as well as associated factors such as sociodemographic characteristics and methods used for suicide. METHODS This was an observational and exploratory study describing the frequency and characteristics of suicide among children and adolescents in Paraguay between 2004 and 2022. Official records of all deaths by suicide were reviewed, and statistical analyses were performed. In addition, an attempt was made to predict the number of suicides in the next 5 years using a mathematical model based on simple linear regression. RESULTS In the 18-year period observed, 940 suicides among children and adolescents were recorded. The mean age was 15.05 ± 1.8 years old. Of these, 51.17% were male, 74.6% were from urban areas, and 22.2% were from the Greater Asunción and Central Department of Paraguay. The most frequently used method of suicide was intentional self-inflicted injury by hanging, strangulation, or suffocation, which all represented 75.3% of the cases. Our mathematical modeling based on simple linear regression determined that the expected yearly number of national suicides in the pediatric population for the following years, from 2023 to 2027, will range between 72 and 81. CONCLUSION This study is the first large national epidemiological report on the emerging issue of suicide among children and adolescents in Paraguay. It may be a relevant source of information for mental health professionals, health authorities, and decision makers to develop national prevention strategies and actions against suicide among youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Torales
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Iván Barrios
- Department of Statistics, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, Santa Rosa del Aguaray Campus, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Paraguay
| | - Juan Edgar Tullo-Gómez
- General Directorate of Strategic Health Information, Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | - Nora Gómez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Viviana Riego
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Rodrigo Navarro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Oscar García
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Pamela Figueredo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - José Almirón-Santacruz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Neuroscience, Fundação do ABC., Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Factors associated with single and multiple suicide attempts in adolescents attending school in Argentina: national cross-sectional survey in 2018. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e128. [PMID: 35795969 PMCID: PMC9301764 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors associated with single suicide attempts (SSA) and multiple suicide attempts (MSA) may differ. AIMS The study aimed to assess the factors associated with MSA in adolescents with a history of suicide attempts during the past 12 months in Argentina. METHOD National cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey in Argentina in 2018 were analysed. Students who reported having a history of suicide attempts in the past 12 months were included in the final sample (n = 8507). Students with MSA were compared with students with an SSA through multiple logistic regression. RESULTS In a subsample of adolescents attending school (mean age 14.8 years, s.d. = 1.3), 59.4% had an SSA and 40.6% had MSA in the past 12 months. In the final adjusted logistic regression model, compared with participants with SSA, both male and female students with MSA more frequently had no close friends, reported feeling more lonely and had more anxiety-induced sleep disturbances. Furthermore, among female participants, having been physically attacked, having participated in physical fights, low parental support, current tobacco use and lifetime amphetamine use were associated with MSA. Among male students, multiple sexual partners were associated with MSA. Furthermore, among both boys and girls, compared with participants without psychosocial distress, participants with one, two, three or more psychosocial distress factors had higher odds of MSA. Compared with students with one or two social or environmental risk factors, students with seven or eight social or environmental risk factors had higher odds of MSA; compared with students who had zero or one health risk behaviours, students with six or more health risk behaviours had higher odds of MSA. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial distress (anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, having no close friends and loneliness) increased the odds of MSA among both sexes. The odds of MSA were increased by interpersonal violence, low parental support and substance use among girls, and by having multiple sexual partners among boys. This suggests the potential relevance of these variables in identifying multiple suicide attempters among adolescents attending school in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; and Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Shaw C, Stuart J, Thomas T, Kõlves K. Suicidal behaviour and ideation in Guyana: A systematic literature review. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2022; 11:100253. [PMID: 36778929 PMCID: PMC9903603 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The suicide rate in Guyana has consistently ranked as one of the highest in the world. This systematic review synthesises and critically analyses the existing literature on suicidal behaviours and ideation in Guyana. Methods Systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL and SCOPUS databases were searched until 31st March 2021. Articles which included the analysis of suicidal behaviour or suicidal ideation using data collected in Guyana were eligible for inclusion. Articles relating to the Jonestown mass murder-suicide event were excluded. This review was pre-registered with PROSPERO [CRD42021247669]. Findings The search resulted in 318 articles, of which 24 met eligibility for inclusion. The majority were quantitative (n=18), relating to suicide mortality (n=9), and suicide attempt and suicidal ideation (n=9). Additionally, qualitative (n=5) and mixed-method (n=1) papers investigated the experiences of those bereaved by suicide, gatekeepers of suicidality, and adolescent students. Eleven studies were multinational, whilst 13 focused on Guyana. The quality of the publications varied. Interpretation Despite high annual suicide rates in Guyana, published research is very limited. This review found preliminary evidence for key risk groups; males, female youth, and Indo-Guyanese ethnicity. Pesticide poisoning was identified as the most common method for suicide in Guyana. There is a need for local research investigating the context and narrative of suicide to inform culturally tailored prevention strategies. This study was limited to a narrative synthesis and may be impacted by publication bias. Funding This research was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship through Griffith University Australia. Registration Pre-registered in PROSPERO [CRD42021247669].
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Shaw
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Level 1, Building M24 Psychology, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia,Corresponding author.
| | - Jaimee Stuart
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Troy Thomas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, Guyana
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Level 1, Building M24 Psychology, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia
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Moe CA, Villaveces A, Rivara FP, Rowhani-Rahbar A. Self-harming behavior in relation to exposure to inter-personal violence among youth and young adults in Colombia. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2022; 29:76-85. [PMID: 34775916 PMCID: PMC9942612 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2021.2001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of violence exposure on the risk of self-harming behaviors of youth in low- and middle-income countries is not well-understood. Using household survey data from one nationally representative sample and one sample from conflict-affected areas, we examined violence exposure and self-harm among Colombian youth aged 13-24. Survey-weighted prevalence ratios comparing self-harming behaviors by exposure to violence were estimated with Poisson log-linear models, controlling for age, sex, education and food insecurity. Compared to unexposed youth, those exposed to violence in both home and community settings were 7.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]:2.72-23.36) times more likely in the conflict-affected sample, and 21.05 (95% CI: 8.80-50.34) times more likely in the national sample to report having attempted suicide. Among Colombian youth, exposure to violence as either witness or victim was associated with greater prevalence of self-harming behaviors. Youth suicide prevention programs can address exposures to violence as a risk factor for self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. Moe
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrés Villaveces
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Frederick P. Rivara
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Schneider BH, Sanz Martinez Y, Koller SH, D'Onofrio P, A Puricelli D, Lalota G, Lu R. Hopelessness and shame in relation to suicide attempts by Cuban adolescents. Transcult Psychiatry 2022; 59:28-36. [PMID: 33106127 DOI: 10.1177/1363461520963924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Youth suicide rates in Cuba are very high compared with most other countries, despite considerable improvement in recent years. The purpose of our study was to determine whether hopelessness and shame distinguish adolescent suicide attempters from non-attempters, over and above the effects of depression and suicidal ideation. Participants were 844 Cuban adolescents from the province of Holguin in Eastern Cuba. The attempter groups included 38 participants being treated for suicide attempts in a day hospital and 82 participants in the community who self-reported a previous suicide attempt. The other participants were non-attempter controls. All participants were asked to complete measures of depression, hopelessness, shame and suicidal ideation. As expected, attempters scored higher than non-attempters on the control variables of depression and suicidal ideation. In addition, attempters self-reported greater shame, especially behavioral and characterological shame, than non-attempters. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference in hopelessness between attempters and non-attempters. The results are inconsistent with the considerable narrative lore about hopelessness as a reason for suicide in Cuba and other socialist countries. However, some collective socialization practices may lead to shame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry H Schneider
- Boston College, Boston, MA, USA.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Silvia H Koller
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Araneda N, Sanhueza P, Pacheco G, Sanhueza A. [Suicide in adolescents and young adults in Chile: relative risks, trends, and inequalitiesSuicídio em adolescentes e jovens no Chile: riscos relativos, tendências e desigualdades]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2021; 45:e4. [PMID: 33815490 PMCID: PMC8007116 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2021.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo. Describir cuantitativamente el riesgo relativo, la tendencia y la desigualdad geográfica del suicidio en adolescentes y jóvenes entre las regiones de Chile, en el periodo 2000 al 2017. Método. Estudio ecológico poblacional a partir de los registros de defunciones por suicidio. Se estimaron tasas de mortalidad y riesgos relativos (RR) de suicidio por sexo, edad y región. Se estudió la tendencia y desigualdad geográfica del suicidio entre las regiones de Chile; medidas absolutas y relativas de desigualdades geográficas fueron estimadas. Resultados. Entre 2000 y 2017 se registraron 6 292 suicidios en adolescentes y jóvenes en Chile. Las tasas promedio de mortalidad por suicidio en Chile fueron de 8,5; 5,4 y 14.7 por 100 000 en los grupos 10-24, 10-19 y 20-24 años, respectivamente, en el periodo 2000-2017. Las tasas más altas de mortalidad por suicidio se encontraron en las regiones de Aisén, Los Lagos, Magallanes y Los Ríos. El riesgo más alto de suicidio se estimó en los hombres (RR=3,5), los jóvenes (RR=2,7) y en la región de Aisén (RR=2,0). La tasa promedio nacional en el grupo 10-24 años se mantuvo en 8,5 por 100 000 en los periodos 2000-2008 y 2009-2017. La mayor desigualdad geográfica se encontró en hombres de 20-24 años en el periodo 2000-2008. Conclusiones. El suicidio en jóvenes y adolescentes de Chile se ha mantenido sin mayores cambios en el periodo de estudio. Los hombres tienen un mayor riesgo de suicidio que las mujeres. Existen desigualdades geográficas entre las regiones de Chile en el suicidio y son más elevadas en hombres de 20 a 24 años. Se recomienda evaluar y fortalecer los programas de prevención del suicidio en los adolescentes y jóvenes, en especial en las regiones y los grupos poblacionales específicos en situación de mayor vulnerabilidad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Araneda
- Departamento de Educación, Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile Departamento de Educación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Sanhueza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Robótica, Universidad de Maryland College Park Estados Unidos de América Departamento de Ingeniería Robótica, Universidad de Maryland, College Park, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Giovanni Pacheco
- SEREMI de Salud de La Araucanía, Ministerio de Salud de Chile Santiago Chile SEREMI de Salud de La Araucanía, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Sanhueza
- Organización Panamericana de la Salud Washington D.C. Estados Unidos de América Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Washington D.C., Estados Unidos de América
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Silva AFD, Júnior CASA, Hinnig PDF, Lima LRAD, Silva DAS. Suicidal behaviors and sedentary lifestyles among adolescents: A cross-sectional epidemiological study in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e2015. [PMID: 33146359 PMCID: PMC7561067 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To verify the association between suicidal behaviors (ideation, planning, and attempts) and sedentary behaviors among adolescents from four Latin American and Caribbean countries. METHODS A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in four countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (Bahamas, Curação, El Salvador, and Guatemala). The sample comprised 6,813 adolescents aged 11-18 years, of which, 3,559 were females. The three suicidal behaviors considered were ideation, planning, and attempts. Sedentary behavior was regarded as the time that adolescents spent sitting, excluding time at school. Crude and adjusted logistic regression were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Suicidal ideation was present in 10.7% of males and 22.7% of females. Suicidal planning was present in 8.6% of males and 16.3% of females. Suicidal attempt was present in 9.3% of males and 16.3% of females. Sedentary behavior was present in 39.6% of males and 45.7% of females. It was identified that male adolescents who reported spending ≥3 hours/day in sedentary behavior were more likely to have suicidal ideation (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.13-1.80), whereas female adolescents who reported spending ≥3 hours/day in sedentary behavior were more likely to have suicidal ideation (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.30-1.83), planning (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.28-1.86), and attempts (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09-1.57). CONCLUSION Adolescents of both sexes who reported spending ≥3 hours/day in sedentary behaviors were more likely to have some suicidal behaviors than those who spent less time in sedentary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Ferreira da Silva
- Centro de Pesquisa de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FL, BR
| | | | | | | | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Centro de Pesquisa de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FL, BR
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Fernandes FY, Freitas BHBMD, Marcon SR, Arruda VLD, Lima NVPD, Bortolini J, Gaíva MAM. Suicide trend among Brazilian adolescents between 1997 and 2016. EPIDEMIOLOGIA E SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE 2020; 29:e2020117. [PMID: 32901758 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-49742020000400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the suicide mortality trend among Brazilian adolescents from 1997 to 2016. METHODS This is an ecological time series study; Prais-Winsten regression was used. RESULTS 14,852 suicide deaths were recorded, with mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants of 1.95 in 1997, 2.65 in 2016 and average of 2.14 for the period 1997-2016; deaths predominated in males (67.59%), as well as deaths due to intentional self-harm (84.19%) and suicides at home (52.69%); the Midwest region had the highest rate in the period (3.71/100,000 inhabitants), in particular the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (8.3/100,000 inhabitants); the suicide trend rose 1.35% per annum in the general adolescent population (95%CI 0.56;2.15), 1.63% in males (95%CI 0.56;2.29), 3.11% in the North (95%CI 2.25;3.98) and 4.19% in the Northeast (95%CI 2.58;5.84). CONCLUSION Suicide mortality in Brazilian adolescents showed an upward trend in the period studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliano Bortolini
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Departamento de Estatística, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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Schneider BH, Martinez YS, Koller SH. Rumination, thought suppression and mindfulness among adolescent suicide attempters in Cuba. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112724. [PMID: 31862115 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry H Schneider
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 145 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill MA 02367, USA.
| | | | - Silvia H Koller
- Cep-Rua/Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Ramiro Barcelos, 2600/104 -90035.003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Lee D, Jung S, Park S, Lee K, Kweon YS, Lee EJ, Yoon KH, Cho H, Jung H, Kim AR, Shin BR, Hong HJ. Youth Suicide in Korea Across the Educational Stages. CRISIS 2019; 41:187-195. [PMID: 31512944 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Youth suicides have diverse characteristics according to the young people's developmental stages. Warning signs and communication of suicidal intent can be vague among early adolescents, while mental health problems may be more evidently related to suicidal ideation in older adolescents. Understanding the developmental characteristics of youth suicide is necessary for effective suicide prevention. Aims: We explored the differences between children and adolescents who died by suicide and the characteristics of these young people as observed by their school teachers. Method: We analyzed teachers' mandatory postmortem reports of suicides among 308 Korean students. We compared: suicide-related information including personal, familial, and school factors; stressful life events; and participation in interventions among elementary, middle, and high school students who died by suicide. We also assessed the distribution of student suicides per month. Results: Suicide among elementary school students increased during school vacations, and suicide among middle and high school students increased during the school semester. According to the teachers' reports, elementary school students who died by suicide were more extroverted and had better academic achievements than their high school peers, and had significantly lower levels of substance/tobacco use. Elementary school students who died by suicide showed significantly less academic stress and use of external professional help than did other groups. Limitations: Because this research is based on mandatory teacher reports, the subjective opinions of teachers may have affected the reliability of the data. Suicide by out-of-school youth was not included. Conclusion: School-based suicide prevention should be implemented in accordance with young people's developmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoung Lee
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Song Jung
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - KangWoo Lee
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sil Kweon
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Social Welfare Department, Suwon Science College, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Yoon
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Hannah Cho
- Psychological Consultation for Children, Sookmyung Women's University, Graduate School of Child Welfare & Studies, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeji Jung
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Ah Reum Kim
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Shin
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Hong
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
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Melo ACM, Garcia LP. [Factors associated with aggression perpetrated by unknown assailants among young males treated by the emergency services: a case-control study]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:2825-2834. [PMID: 31389531 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018248.31172017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the factors associated with aggression perpetrated by unknown assailants among young males treated by the emergency services. It is a case-control study with data from the Violence and Accident Surveillance System conducted in 2014 by 86 emergency services located in Brazilian State capitals. Young males between 15 and 29 years of age were included. All victims of assault perpetrated by unknown assailants were included as cases. Controls were randomly selected among those who had suffered accidental injuries in the ratio of 2:1. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), and 787 cases and 1,574 controls were included. Risk factors according to the adjusted analysis were: lack of paid work (OR 2.09; 95% CI; 1.66; 2.64), alcohol consumption (OR 3.14; 95% CI; 2.36; 4.17), occurrence at night (OR 3.39; 95% CI; 2.50; 4.61) or early morning (OR 5.31; 95% CI; 3.63; 7.75). Higher age (25-29 years) and schooling (5-8 years of study) were factors of protection. The results revealed the need for more effective and multisectoral actions to prevent violence among young males, which consider the factors associated with such aggression, including alcohol consumption, and investments in qualified education and paid employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cristina Medeiros Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade de Brasília. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte. 70910-900 Brasília DF Brasil.
| | - Leila Posenato Garcia
- Diretoria de Estudos e Políticas Sociais, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada. Brasília DF Brasil
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Yamall Orellana JD, de Souza CC, Ponte de Souza ML. Hidden Suicides of the Indigenous People of the Brazilian Amazon: Gender, Alcohol and Familial Clustering. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2019; 48:133-139. [PMID: 31426915 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the coverage, characteristics and the risk of suicide in the indigenous people of Tabatinga in the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS An active surveillance strategy for suicide cases was used: records of the Ministry of Health, the Municipal Health Secretariat, the Special Indigenous Health District of the Upper River Solimões (Distrito Sanitario Especial Indígena Alto Río Solimões), the Military Hospital of Tabatinga, the National Indian Foundation (Fundación Nacional del Indio) and the civil registry offices were examined from 2007 to 2011 for individuals over 9 years of age. Adjusted rates were estimated using the direct method and according to age. A descriptive analysis was performed and the hypothesis tests were considered significant if p-values were <0.05. RESULTS The coverage of indigenous suicide was 82.8%, since 11 (17.2%) were classified as hidden suicides. For men between 15 and 29 years of age, and for women aged from 12 to 20 years, the probability of suicide was around 70.0%. In 17.2% of the sample there was a record of alcohol consumption before death and relationship between victims. The corrected adjusted mortality rate was 111.7/100,000 (95% CI, 84.6-148.6). CONCLUSIONS The risk of suicide in the indigenous people of the Tabatinga is very high. Coping strategies should consider the complex relationship between suicide and alcohol consumption, gender differences and the existence of vulnerable groups, such as young people, especially those with close relatives who have committed suicide.
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Sales AP, Santana da Silva TP, Sougey EB, Saraiva Câmara Filho JW. Psychopathological and Psychosocial Repercussions of Suicide in the Family. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573400515666190114155014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Although the relationship between the occurrence of suicide and the
presence of psychosocial suffering in bereaved relatives is clear, there are still few studies that deal
with the detail of these repercussions and the therapeutic conduction given to them for the suicide.
Objective:
to carry out an integrative review on the psychopathological and psychosocial
repercussions of suicide in the family, with emphasis on the detail of the main psychopathological
characteristics presented by the individuals and the psychosocial impacts of mourning.
Method:
An integrative review was performed. The guiding question considered Population
Intervention Comparator Outcome Setting and the revision protocol is in agreement with Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes. The search occurred in the bases:
Periodicals CAPES, PsycINFO and PubMed. Original articles were included, without language
restriction that emphasized psychopathological and psychosocial aspects of the mourners after
suicide. We excluded review studies, clinical cases, editorials and retrospectives.
Results:
The process of suicide mourning for family members is a complex event, marked by stigma
and can predispose patients to mental illness and suicidal behavior, especially in the early years of
mourning. In addition, it is necessary to expand the scope of evidence on the effectiveness of
support and intervention with this population.
Conclusion:
Bereaved families need specialized preventive support insofar as the complexity of
bereavement becomes a vulnerability factor for mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Patricia Sales
- Doctorate in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Everton Botelho Sougey
- Doctorate in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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King TL, Batterham PJ, Lingard H, Gullestrup J, Lockwood C, Harvey SB, Kelly B, LaMontagne AD, Milner A. Are Young Men Getting the Message? Age Differences in Suicide Prevention Literacy among Male Construction Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030475. [PMID: 30736304 PMCID: PMC6388151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death among young men. Help-seeking is known to be poor among this group, and little is known about what interventions are most successful in improving suicide prevention literacy among young men. This research aims to examine: (1) age differences in beliefs related to suicide prevention literacy and attitudes to the workplace in addressing mental health among male construction workers; (2) age differences in response to a workplace suicide prevention program. Pre- and post-training survey data of 19,917 male respondents were obtained from a workplace training program database. Linear regression models and predictive margins were computed. Mean differences in baseline beliefs, and belief change were obtained for age groups, and by occupation. Young men demonstrated poorer baseline suicide prevention literacy but were more likely to consider that mental health is a workplace health and safety issue. There was also evidence that young men employed in manual occupations had poorer suicide prevention literacy than older men, and young men employed in professional/managerial roles. The youngest respondents demonstrated the greatest intervention-associated change (higher scores indicating more favourable belief change) to People considering suicide often send out warning signs (predicted mean belief change 0.47, 95% CI 0.43, 0.50 for those aged 15–24 years compared to 0.38, 95% CI 0.36, 0.41 for men aged 45 years and over), and to The construction industry must do something to reduce suicide rates (predicted mean belief change 0.17, 95% CI 0.15, 0.20 for those aged 15–24 years compared to 0.12, 95% CI 0.10, 0.14 among men aged 45 years and over). Results indicate that while suicide prevention literacy may be lower among young men, this group show amenability to changing beliefs. There were some indications that young men have a greater propensity to regard the workplace as having a role in reducing suicide rates and addressing mental health, highlighting opportunity for workplace interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania L King
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne,Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.
| | - Helen Lingard
- Construction Work Health and Safety Research @ RMIT, School of Property, Construction and Project Management, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | | | | | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Brian Kelly
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia.
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Work, Health and Wellbeing Unit, Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia.
| | - Allison Milner
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne,Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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Núñez-González S, Lara-Vinueza AG, Gault C, Delgado-Ron JA. Trends and Spatial Patterns of Suicide Among Adolescent in Ecuador, 1997-2016. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2018; 14:283-292. [PMID: 30972127 PMCID: PMC6407649 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Suicide is a global public health problem, ranking among the top 20 leading causes of mortality. Objective: The aim of the present study is two-fold. Firstly, it describes the temporal trends of suicide in adolescents from 1997 to 2016 in Ecuador, allowing us to identify critical periods. Secondly, it analyzes the spatiotemporal clusters of high mortality rates and the spatial distribution due to suicide in the country, from 2011 to 2016. Methods: This is an ecological study; we included all death certificates of suicide among adolescents in the 10 - 19 age groups both sex, from the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC) database in Ecuador from 1997 to 2016. In order to assess the trend of suicide rates, we obtained Annual Percentage Changes (APCs) and average Annual Percent Changes (AAPCs) through Joinpoint regression analysis. Space-time scan statistics were used to identify high-risk clusters, and the spatial autocorrelation was evaluated through global Moran index. Results: Suicides at a national level increased from 165 deaths in 1997 to 286 deaths in 2016; rates increased from 12.7 to 23.3 per 100,000 population along with a significant increase of the trend at the national level (AAPC=3.7%; 95% CI: 2.1 to 5.2). We identified two significant spatial clusters for a high occurrence of suicide: the primary most likely cluster included 83 cantons (Risk Relative=2.28) while the second most likely cluster included 20 cantons (Risk Relative=1.74). The Global Moran I index for the study period showed a positive spatial autocorrelation (0.27; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Suicide rates in adolescents significantly increased over the 20-year study period; the spatial analysis indicates the presence of high occurrence clusters in the Amazon and Southern Highlands regions of the country. This growing phenomenon may be a reflection of the lack of policies and strategies focused on the adolescent’s mental health at a national level, added to factors such as family dysfunction, school failure, vulnerable ethnic groups, and immigration patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Núñez-González
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, 170129, Ecuador
| | - A Gabriela Lara-Vinueza
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, 170129, Ecuador
| | - Christopher Gault
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, 170129, Ecuador
| | - J Andrés Delgado-Ron
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, 170129, Ecuador
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Descriptive epidemiology of suicide attempts and suicide in the remote villages of French Guiana. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:1197-1206. [PMID: 30132021 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The overall rate of suicide in French Guiana is estimated at 6 per 100,000, a rate that is lower than in mainland France. Given the frequent reports of suicide in Amerindian communities, our hypothesis was that this figure fails to capture a more contrasted reality. Our objective was to refine estimates and determine suicide rates in remote villages of French Guiana. METHODS We included patients for whom a suicide attempt or suicide was mentioned in medical records. The Health centers were grouped into two zones according to geographical remoteness. RESULTS The highest suicide rates observed in the remote Amerindian villages of Camopi and Trois Sauts were, respectively, 118 and 78/100,000. The median age at the time of suicide was significantly younger in remote zones [23 years (95% CI 21.59-25.06)] than in non-remote zones-[27 years (95% CI 24.47-29.31)]. The most frequent methods were hanging (78%) and intoxication (22%). CONCLUSIONS The suicide rate in remote areas in French Guiana was eight times higher than in France. The suicide of young people in remote areas in French Guiana and specifically in Amerindian villages must be better understood and prevented with contextualized and adapted care.
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Gerstner RMF, Soriano I, Sanhueza A, Caffe S, Kestel D. [Epidemiology of suicide among adolescents and young adults in EcuadorEpidemiologia do suicídio em adolescentes e jovens no Equador]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2018; 42:e100. [PMID: 31093128 PMCID: PMC6385964 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2018.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To collect information - and provide it to decision-makers in health programs in general and mental health programs in particular - on epidemiological patterns in suicide deaths among young adults and adolescents in Ecuador. Methods A cross-sectional ecological study was conducted using data obtained from records of deaths by suicide among young adults and adolescents in Ecuador from 2001 to 2014. For analysis, results were disaggregated by geographic region, sex, age, ethnic group and suicide method. Rates of death by suicide (per 100,000 population) and relative risks (RR) for suicide were estimated by sex and region. Results Between 2001 and 2014, 4,855 suicides were recorded among adolescents and young adults. The highest estimated risk was found among males aged 15 to 24 years and adolescents living in the Amazon region, followed by those living in the Andean region. Mestizos were the ethnic group with the greatest number of suicides, although 40% of young people who commit suicide in the Amazon region are indigenous. The most frequent method was by hanging, followed by pesticide poisoning. Conclusions Suicide among adolescents and young adults is an important public health problem in Ecuador. Since various psychological, social, and cultural influences come into play, there is wide variation among regions, age groups, and ethnic groups. Restricting access to pesticides and other chemical products, implementing universal prevention programs and programs in education centers in the areas with the highest rates, and targeting vulnerable populations for specific interventions could help reduce the suicide rate among young people in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismael Soriano
- Nutrition and Family, Gender & Life Course, Pan American Health Organization, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Antonio Sanhueza
- Pan American Health Organization, Ringgold Standard Institution, Washington, DC, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Sonia Caffe
- Pan American Health Organization, Ringgold Standard Institution, Washington, DC, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Devora Kestel
- Pan American Health Organization, Ringgold Standard Institution, Washington, DC, Estados Unidos de América
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Groh CJ, Anthony M, Gash J. The Aftermath of Suicide: A Qualitative Study With Guyanese Families. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2018; 32:469-474. [PMID: 29784232 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The suicide rate in Guyana was five times higher than the world average in 2014 (WHO) which puts Guyana at the top of the list with 44.2 per 100,000 people, the highest suicide rate in the world. For every completed suicide, there are survivors who experience high levels of psychological, physical, and social distress, and report feelings of guilt, shame, social stigma, and search for meaning. AIM The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how family members coped and understand the suicide of their loved one, and to determine what resources were available to help them during this transition. METHOD Ten family members were recruited to participate in a focus group. The focus group lasted approximately 90 min and was recorded. The audio recordings were later transcribed. RESULTS Four overarching themes emerged from the data: (1) perceived causes of suicide, (2) perceived solutions, (3) barriers to helping persons who are suicidal, and (4) personal and community reactions to suicide. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses in Guyana are uniquely positioned to take a leadership role in creating and implementing postvention programs for suicide survivors that are culturally and ethnically relevant. Opportunities to partner with schools of nursing in higher income countries are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Groh
- University of Detroit Mercy, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, MI 48219, United States.
| | - Maureen Anthony
- University of Detroit Mercy, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, MI 48219, United States.
| | - Jean Gash
- University of Detroit Mercy, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, MI 48219, United States.
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Rodriguez VJ, Sued O, Cecchini D, Mandell LN, Bofill LM, Weiss SM, Cassetti I, Cahn P, Jones DL. Suicidality among nonadherent patients living with HIV in Buenos Aires, Argentina: prevalence and correlates. AIDS Care 2018; 30:1380-1387. [PMID: 29607661 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1458974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Of those in the general population hospitalized for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in Argentina, many reattempt suicide and are readmitted. However, few studies in Argentina have examined suicidal ideation and suicide-related behaviors among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and none have examined these factors among nonadherent PLHIV, though the prevalence of suicidal ideation in this group may be higher than in the general population and also than in other groups of PLHIV. This study of PLHIV in Buenos Aires, Argentina, examined the correlates of suicidal ideation in nonadherent PLHIV. Nonadherent patients with HIV (N = 118) were recruited from two clinics providing outpatient healthcare services to PLHIV in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants completed assessments on demographic characteristics, depression and suicidality, stigma, and self-efficacy. Participants were HIV-infected men (51%) and women (49%) with a median age of 40 years (IQR = 11). About half had completed high school or more, two-thirds were employed, and had a mean monthly income of 4196.79 (SD = 3179.64) Argentine pesos (USD$221). Thirty-three (28% [95% CI 20.3, 37.3]) participants reported suicidal ideation in the past two weeks, and one-third (35.6% [27.1, 44.9]) reported lifetime suicidal ideation. In bivariate analyses, attending a public clinic, being female, younger, unemployed, and experiencing greater stigma and depression were associated with suicidal ideation. In multivariable logistic regression, stigma interacted with the number of years since HIV diagnosis to predict suicidal ideation. The impact of stigma on suicidal ideation decreased with time since HIV diagnosis, suggesting that suicidal ideation may arise following HIV diagnosis due to perception of HIV-related stigma. Interventions to reduce perceived stigma during the period following HIV diagnosis may reduce suicidal ideation in this population. Organizational initiatives that explore HIV stigma microagressions in the healthcare setting may be needed to optimize health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta J Rodriguez
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.,d Department of Psychology , University of Georgia
| | - Omar Sued
- b Fundación Huésped , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - Lissa N Mandell
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Lina M Bofill
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Stephen M Weiss
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | | | - Pedro Cahn
- b Fundación Huésped , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Deborah L Jones
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
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Evaluating the benefits of a youth mental health curriculum for students in Nicaragua: a parallel-group, controlled pilot investigation. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2018; 5:e4. [PMID: 29435354 PMCID: PMC5797937 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High rates of mental illness and addictions are well documented among youth in Nicaragua. Limited mental health services, poor mental health knowledge and stigma reduce help-seeking. The Mental Health Curriculum (MHC) is a Canadian school-based program that has shown a positive impact on such contributing factors. This pilot project evaluated the impact of the MHC on mental wellness and functioning among youth in Leon, Nicaragua. METHODS High school and university students (aged 14-25 years) were assigned to intervention (12-week MHC; n = 567) and control (wait-list; n = 346) groups in a non-randomized design. Both groups completed measures of mental health knowledge, stigma and function at baseline and 12 weeks. Multivariate analyses and repeated measures analyses were used to compare group outcomes. RESULTS At baseline, intervention students showed higher substance use (mean difference [MD] = 0.24) and lower perceived stress (MD = -1.36) than controls (p < 0.05); there were no other group differences in function. At 12 weeks, controlling for baseline differences, intervention students reported significantly higher mental health knowledge (MD = 1.75), lower stigma (MD = 1.78), more adaptive coping (MD = 0.82), better lifestyle choices (MD = 0.06) and lower perceived stress (MD = -1.63) (p < 0.05) than controls. The clinical significance as measured by effect sizes was moderate for mental health knowledge, small to moderate for stigma and modest for the other variables. Substance use also decreased among intervention students to similar levels as controls (MD = 0.03) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This pilot investigation demonstrates the benefits of the MHC in a low-and-middle-income youth population. The findings replicate results found in Canadian student populations and support its cross-cultural applicability.
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Serrani Azcurra D. Psychometric validation of the Columbia-Suicide Severity rating scale in Spanish-speaking adolescents. COLOMBIA MEDICA (CALI, COLOMBIA) 2017; 48:174-182. [PMID: 29662259 PMCID: PMC5896724 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v43i4.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescent suicide is a major public health issue, and early and accurate detection is of great concern. There are many reliable instruments for this purpose, such as the Columbia-Suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS), but no validation exists for Spanish speaking Latin American adolescents. Objetive: To assess psychometric properties and cut-off scores of the C-SSRS in Spanish speaking adolescents. Methods: Exploratory assessment with principal component analysis (PCA) and Varimax rotation, and confirmatory analysis (CFA) were performed on two groups with 782 and 834 participants respectively (N=1616). Mean age was 24.8 years. A Receiver operator analysis was applied to distinguish between control and suicide-risk subgroups adolescents. Results: Promax rotation yielded two 10-items factors, for suicide ideation and behavior respectively. C-SSRS was positively correlated with other suicide risk scales, such as Beck Depression Inventory-II, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, or PHQ-9. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution as the best goodness of fit model. C-SSRS showed adequate ability to detect suicide risk group with positive predictive value of 68.3%. ROC analyses showed cutoff scores of ≥ 6 and ≥ 4 for suicide ideation and behavior scales respectively Conclusion: This research offers data supporting psychometric validity and reliability of C-SSRS in nonclinical Spanish-speaking students. Added benefits are flexible scoring and management easiness. This questionnaire yields data on distinct aspects of suicidality, being more parsimonious than separate administration of a bunch of questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Serrani Azcurra
- Neuropsychology and Development Psychology Program from the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Biology, Psychology and Culture. Faculty of Psychology. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Rosario, Argentina
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Simonetti JA, Rowhani-Rahbar A, King C, Bennett E, Rivara FP. Evaluation of a community-based safe firearm and ammunition storage intervention. Inj Prev 2017. [PMID: 28642248 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe firearm storage practices are associated with a lower risk of unintentional and self-inflicted firearm injuries among household members, though many firearms remain unlocked and/or loaded. OBJECTIVES Conduct a preliminary evaluation of a community-based firearm safety intervention and assess participants' preferences for firearm locking devices and their comfort with potential firearm safety counsellors. DESIGN/METHODS Baseline event and follow-up surveys among adult participants to assess changes in firearm storage practices, including whether all household firearms were stored locked, all were unloaded, all ammunition was locked, and a composite measure assessing whether all firearms were locked and unloaded and all ammunition was stored locked. RESULTS A total of 206 out of 415 participants completed both surveys and were included. Nearly 9 in 10 respondents preferred the firearm lock box rather than a trigger lock. At follow-up, a significantly greater proportion reported that all household firearms were locked (+13.7%) and unloaded (+8.5%) and a non-significantly greater proportion reported that all ammunition was locked (+6.3%). A significantly greater proportion reported practising all three safe firearm and ammunition storage practices at follow-up (+12.6%). A majority reported they would be comfortable or very comfortable discussing firearm safety with various safety counsellors, though women were less likely to do so than men. CONCLUSION This intervention that included distribution of a free, participant-selected locking device improved safe firearm storage practices among participants. Differences in participant preferences for devices and safety counsellors suggest that a 'one size fits all' approach may be inadequate in affecting population-level storage practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Simonetti
- Hospital Medicine Program, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Rocky Mountain MIRECC, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cassie King
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Frederick P Rivara
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Brown CR, Hambleton IR, Sobers-Grannum N, Hercules SM, Unwin N, Nigel Harris E, Wilks R, MacLeish M, Sullivan L, Murphy MM. Social determinants of depression and suicidal behaviour in the Caribbean: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:577. [PMID: 28619069 PMCID: PMC5472962 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorder is the largest contributor to years lived with disability in the Caribbean, adding 948 per 100,000 in 2013. Depression is also a major risk factor for suicidal behaviour. Social inequalities influence the occurrence of depression, yet little is known about the social inequalities of this condition in the Caribbean. In support of the 2011 Rio Political Declaration on addressing health inequities, this article presents a systematic review of the role of social determinants on depression and its suicidal behaviours in the Caribbean. METHODS Eight databases were searched for observational studies reporting associations between social determinants and depression frequency, severity, or outcomes. Based on the PROGRESS-plus checklist, we considered 9 social determinant groups (of 15 endpoints) for 6 depression endpoints, totalling 90 possible ways ('relationship groups') to explore the role of social determinants on depression. Studies with ≥50 participants conducted in Caribbean territories between 2004 and 2014 were eligible. The review was conducted according to STROBE and PRISMA guidelines. Results were planned as a narrative synthesis, with meta-analysis if possible. RESULTS From 3951 citations, 55 articles from 45 studies were included. Most were classified as serious risk of bias. Fifty-seven relationship groups were reported by the 55 included articles, leaving 33 relationship groups (37%) without an evidence base. Most associations were reported for gender, age, residence, marital status, and education. Depression, its severity, and its outcomes were more common among females (except suicide which was more common among males), early and middle adolescents (among youth), and those with lower levels of education. Marriage emerged as both a risk and protective factor for depression score and prevalence, while several inequality relationships in Haiti were in contrast to typical trends. CONCLUSION The risk of bias and few numbers of studies within relationship groups restricted the synthesis of Caribbean evidence on social inequalities of depression. Along with more research focusing on regional social inequalities, attempts at standardizing reporting guidelines for observational studies of inequality and studies examining depression is necessitated. This review offers as a benchmark to prioritize future research into the social determinants of depression frequency and outcomes in the Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Brown
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Ian R Hambleton
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Shawn M Hercules
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Bridgetown, Barbados
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nigel Unwin
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Bridgetown, Barbados
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Castro K, Kirchner T. Coping and Psychopathological Profile in Nonsuicidal Self-Injurious Chilean Adolescents. J Clin Psychol 2017; 74:147-160. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Oprescu F, Scott-Parker B, Dayton J. An analysis of child deaths by suicide in Queensland Australia, 2004-2012. What are we missing from a preventative health services perspective? J Inj Violence Res 2017; 9:75-82. [PMID: 28513530 PMCID: PMC5556629 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v9i2.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article analyzes case descriptions of child suicides from 2004 to 2012 to inform future policy and practice. METHODS Quantitative data and case descriptions for 159 child suicides (less than 18 years) in Queensland, Australia, were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS and qualitatively using automated content analysis (Leximancer). RESULTS More than three quarters of child suicides involved hanging and 81% of suicides occurred in the family home. Less than 20% of the deceased left a note, however there was evidence of planning in 54% of cases. Most common triggering events were family conflicts. CONCLUSIONS Effective suicide prevention interventions require a comprehensive understanding of risk factors. Quality of case descriptions varied widely, which can hamper injury prevention efforts through an incomplete understanding of characteristics of and important factors in child suicide. Additional attention and resources dedicated to this public health issue could enhance the development and implementation of effective intervention strategies targeting child and adolescent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bridie Scott-Parker
- Adolescent Risk Research Unit (ARRU), School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Business, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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Svanemyr J, Guijarro S, Riveros BB, Chandra-Mouli V. The health status of adolescents in Ecuador and the country's response to the need for differentiated healthcare for adolescents. Reprod Health 2017; 14:29. [PMID: 28245855 PMCID: PMC5331697 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-017-0294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents face a range of health problems but many barriers block their access to health services, and in particular to sexual and reproductive health services. The objective of this study was to assess the health needs of adolescents in Ecuador and to draw lessons from the ways the country has responded to their need for differentiated care. Methods We conducted a literature review and consulted key stakeholders. Results Adolescents in Ecuador today have a wide range of health care needs, in particular related to sexual and reproductive health. A major concern is the high rates of adolescent pregnancy. A national programme was established in 2007 to offer differentiated health care for adolescents—an effort that featured specially trained staff, enclaved facilities, respect for adolescents’ privacy and confidentiality, a friendly atmosphere, and a dedication to establishing trust. It resulted in rapid increases in visits by young persons both for preventive and curative services. In 2011, the government initiated a model for “integrated family and community health care” which led to a disruption of the central support for capacity building and follow-up of adolescent friendly services. Conclusion The Ecuadorian experience has demonstrated the need for institutionalised differentiated care for adolescents who are facing a wide range of health issues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12978-017-0294-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joar Svanemyr
- Chr. Michelsen Institute, P.O. Box 6033 Bedriftssenteret, N-5892, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Susana Guijarro
- Adolescent Health, Standardization, Ministry of Public Health Ecuador, Av. República del Salvador 36-64, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Betzabe Butron Riveros
- PAHO Ecuador, Edificio de Naciones Unidas piso 8, Av Amazonas y República, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
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Abstract
Guyana, an English-speaking country on the north coast of South America, has the highest suicide rate in the world. Nurses are an integral part of the healthcare team working with patients experiencing psychological distress and are uniquely qualified to add to the discourse on factors contributing to the high suicide rate in Guyana. The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes and experiences of nurses and nurse assistants in Guyana related to suicide. Nine registered nurses and nurse assistants who worked at a private hospital in Georgetown, Guyana, were recruited to participate in a focus group. The focus group lasted approximately 70 minutes and was recorded. The audio recordings were later transcribed word for word. Four themes emerged from the data: family issues as they relate to the high suicide rate, suicide attempts as a cry for help, lack of support, and coping mechanisms used by nurses when caring for victims of attempted suicide. Nurses are uniquely positioned to intervene with families in crisis, whether it be suicide, suicide attempts, or the underlying factors of family dysfunction, child maltreatment, poverty, or alcoholism. Establishing forensic nursing as a specialty in Guyana would validate this important role through education and certification of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Anthony
- Author Affiliations: McAuley School of Nursing, University of Detroit Mercy
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Marshall BDL, Socías ME, Kerr T, Zalazar V, Sued O, Arístegui I. Prevalence and Correlates of Lifetime Suicide Attempts Among Transgender Persons in Argentina. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2016; 63:955-967. [PMID: 26566683 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2015.1117898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the lifetime prevalence and correlates of attempted suicide among transgender persons in Argentina. Data were derived from a nation-wide, cross-sectional survey conducted in 2013. We assessed individual, social, and structural correlates of reporting a history of attempting suicide using logistic regression. Among 482 participants, the median age was 30, 91% identified as transwomen, and 32% resided in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. A lifetime suicide attempt was reported by 159 (33%), among whom the median age at first attempt was 17. In a multivariate model, internalized stigma was positively associated with a history of suicidal behavior, while participants with stable housing had reduced odds of prior suicide attempt(s). These findings suggest that reducing stigma and mitigating structural vulnerabilities (through, for example, the enactment and enforcement of laws that prohibit discrimination based on gender identity to ensure equitable access to housing) could be effective targets for intervention to reduce suicide attempts among transgender individuals in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D L Marshall
- a Department of Epidemiology , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | | | - Thomas Kerr
- c Department of Medicine , University of British Columbia; and Co-Director, Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | | | - Omar Sued
- b Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Inés Arístegui
- b Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- d Universidad de Palermo , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Romo ML, Abril-Ulloa V, Kelvin EA. The relationship between hunger and mental health outcomes among school-going Ecuadorian adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:827-37. [PMID: 27083901 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health and food insecurity are major public health issues among adolescents in Ecuador. Our objective was to determine the relationship between hunger, symptoms of depression, and suicidal ideation among school-going Ecuadorian adolescents. METHODS We conducted crude and multivariable logistic regression models using data from the 2007 Global School-based Student Health Survey from Quito, Guayaquil, and Zamora, Ecuador (N = 5524). Hunger was defined as having gone hungry in the past 30 days due to lack of food in the home. Outcomes of interest were symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation with or without planning in the past year. RESULTS Overall, 41.2 % (2200/5467) of students reported experiencing hunger. In multivariable logistic regression models, hunger had an increasing exposure-response relationship with symptoms of depression [sometimes hungry odds ratio (OR) 1.80, P = 0.0001; most of the time or always hungry OR 2.01, P < 0.0001] and suicidal ideation with planning (sometimes hungry OR 1.55, P = 0.04; most of the time or always hungry OR 2.63, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Hunger was associated with increased odds of symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation with planning. Strategies to improve mental health among adolescents in Ecuador should consider the potential contribution of hunger and food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Romo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, School of Urban Public Health at Hunter College, City University of New York, 2180 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10035, USA.,CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Dirección de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Victoria Abril-Ulloa
- Dirección de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Elizabeth A Kelvin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, School of Urban Public Health at Hunter College, City University of New York, 2180 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10035, USA. .,CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA. .,Doctor of Public Health Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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Rew L, Young C, Brown A, Rancour S. Suicide Ideation and Life Events in a Sample of Rural Adolescents. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2016; 30:198-203. [PMID: 26992871 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents experience both developmental and situational periods of transition along with myriad stressful life events when they enter and exit high school. These life events may be associated with thinking of, planning, and attempting suicide. Yet despite the development of prevention programs to treat at-risk individuals, suicide rates among adolescents have remained relatively high. Recent research suggests that suicidal ideation is associated with stressful life events and the use of maladaptive coping mechanisms, but studies have been limited to cross-sectional designs and clinical samples. We conducted a longitudinal study of 1345 rural adolescents (50.7% Hispanic) attending public schools in central Texas. The purpose of this analysis was to determine changes in suicide ideation rates over time and to test hypotheses about the life events and coping mechanisms associated with suicide ideation. Gender and race/ethnic differences in suicide were also explored. Rates of reported suicide ideation declined significantly from the first to the last year of high school (p=.015). Statistically significant relationships were found between suicide ideation, several types of life events, and maladaptive coping strategies. Gender and racial/ethnic differences were also found. Taken together, these findings suggest new approaches to developing and testing interventions that can assist specific populations of adolescents to learn how to cope with their life events in productive and health-promoting ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Rew
- The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, TX
| | - Cara Young
- The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, TX.
| | - Adama Brown
- The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, TX.
| | - Sara Rancour
- Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Waco, TX.
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Adolescent Suicide Rates Between 1990 and 2009: Analysis of Age Group 15-19 Years Worldwide. J Adolesc Health 2016; 58:69-77. [PMID: 26559741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current analysis is to analyze suicide rates in adolescents aged 15-19 years in decades between 1990 and 2009 worldwide. METHODS Suicide data were obtained from the World Health Organization Mortality Database and population data from the World Bank Data set. In total, 81 countries or territories, having data at least for 5 years in 1990-1999 and in 2000-2009, were included in the analysis. Additional analysis for regional trends with 57 countries was performed. RESULTS Over the decades considered, analysis showed a declining trend in the overall suicide rate for males from 10.30 to 9.51 per 100,000 (p = .076), and for females from 4.39 to 4.18 (p = .472). The average suicide rate showed a significant decline for both genders in Europe, dropping from 13.13 to 10.93 (p = .001) in males and from 3.88 to 3.34 in females (p = .038). There was a significant increase in South American countries for males, from 7.36 to 11.47 (p = .016), and a close to significant rise for females, from 5.59 to 7.98 (p = .053). Although other world regions did not show significant trends, there were several significant changes at country level. CONCLUSIONS Reasons behind the decrease in Western countries could potentially be related to the overall improvements in global health; the possible contribution of suicide prevention activities remains unclear. Increases in several South American countries might be related to economic recession and its impact on adolescents from diverse cultural backgrounds, and partly also to improvements in mortality registration.
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Reyes-Tovilla JE, Hernández Yánez HD, Peralta-Jiménez Y, Ramón-Frías T, Juárez-Rojop I, Pool-García S, Velázquez-Sánchez MP, López-Narvóez L, Fresán A, Tovilla-Zárate CA. Differences Between Patients that Made an Impulsive or Premeditated Suicide Attempt in a Mexican Population. Int J Psychiatry Med 2015; 49:63-74. [PMID: 25838321 DOI: 10.2190/pm.49.1.e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a study to identify differences between patients with impulsive suicide attempt and those with premeditated suicide attempt in a Mexican population. METHOD We studied 144 patients who recently attempted suicide. Impulsive and premeditated suicide attempts were evaluated with the Suicide Intent Scale. These data were divided according to the type of attempt. Subsequently, the characteristics between the two groups were compared. RESULTS The rate of patients that made an impulsive attempt was 61.8% and only 9.7% of the patients carried out a premeditated suicide attempt. More years of schooling/education and less severity of the attempt were observed in patients that carried out an impulsive suicide attempt (p < 0.001). Alcohol consumption (0.003) and use of cannabis (0.002) were present in patients who premeditated a suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that there are clinical differences among the individuals who carried out an impulsive suicide attempt from those who premeditated an attempt in a Mexican population. As a result, when planning interventions and prevention efforts it may be helpful to consider these clinical differences and demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lilia López-Narvóez
- Centro de Investigación Genómica, Mexico and Hospital General de Yajalón. Mexico
| | - Ana Fresán
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
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Gender differences in socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and psychiatric diagnosis in/of suicide attempters in a Mexican population. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2015; 27:182-8. [PMID: 25686910 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to analyse demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as psychiatric diagnoses to identify gender differences in patients with attempted suicide in a Mexican population. METHODS Between September 2010 and September 2012, 140 suicide attempts were documented in the Department of Psychiatry at the General Hospital of Comalcalco (Hospital General de Comalcalco in Spanish) in Tabasco, Mexico. Diagnoses were established using the DSM-IV questionnaire in which Axis I and II were considered. The Suicide Intent Scale was also applied. RESULTS In our sample, 63.6% were females and 36.4% males. With regard to socio-demographic characteristics, the predominant marital status in males was single, and in females married (χ2=5.93, df=2, p=0.05). In occupation the male group was mainly unemployed and housewife in females (χ2=55.51, df=4, p<0.001). Male subjects were more likely to consume alcohol (χ2=20.40, df=1, p≤0.001), cannabis (χ2=16.62, df=1, p≤0.001) or tobacco. The prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis was significantly different because, the male group was mainly diagnosed with substance-related disorders, whereas female participants showed a prevalence of stress-related disorders (χ2=34.17, gl=4, p=0.0001). CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that the characteristics of suicide attempt are different by gender in the Mexican population. Interventions are necessary for the development of prevention strategies that may lead to a reduction in suicidal behaviour. These preventive activities should consider the occupation for the female group and consumption of alcohol, cannabis or tobacco in the male group.
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Brown MJ, Cohen SA, Mezuk B. Duration of U.S. residence and suicidality among racial/ethnic minority immigrants. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:257-67. [PMID: 25108531 PMCID: PMC4469644 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immigration experience embodies a range of factors including different cultural norms and expectations, which may be particularly important for groups who become racial/ethnic minorities when they migrate to the U.S. However, little is known about the correlates of mental health indicators among these groups. The primary and secondary aims were to determine the association between duration of U.S. residence and suicidality, and 12-month mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, respectively, among racial/ethnic minority immigrants. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Survey of American Life and the National Latino and Asian American Survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between duration of US residence, and suicidality and 12-month psychopathology. RESULTS Among Afro-Caribbeans, there was a modest positive association between duration of U.S. residence and 12-month psychopathology (P linear trend = 0.016). Among Asians there was a modest positive association between duration of US residence and suicidal ideation and attempts (P linear trend = 0.018, 0.063, respectively). Among Latinos, there was a positive association between duration of US residence, and suicidal ideation, attempts and 12-month psychopathology (P linear trend = 0.001, 0.012, 0.002, respectively). Latinos who had been in the U.S. for >20 years had 2.6 times greater likelihood of suicidal ideation relative to those who had been in the U.S. for <5 years (95% CI 1.01-6.78). CONCLUSIONS The association between duration of US residence and suicidality and psychopathology varies across racial/ethnic minority groups. The results for Latino immigrants are broadly consistent with the goal-striving or acculturation stress hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique J. Brown
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA. 830 East Main Street, 8th Floor, Richmond 23219, VA, USA
| | - Steven A. Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Briana Mezuk
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA. Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA. Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kõlves K, De Leo D. Suicide rates in children aged 10-14 years worldwide: changes in the past two decades. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205:283-5. [PMID: 25104833 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.144402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research is focused on suicides in children aged below 15 years. AIMS To analyse worldwide suicide rates in children aged 10-14 years in two decades: 1990-1999 and 2000-2009. METHOD Suicide data for 81 countries or territories were retrieved from the World Health Organization Mortality Database, and population data from the World Bank data-set. RESULTS In the past two decades the suicide rate per 100 000 in boys aged 10-14 years in 81 countries has shown a minor decline (from 1.61 to 1.52) whereas in girls it has shown a slight increase (from 0.85 to 0.94). Although the average rate has not changed significantly, rates have decreased in Europe and increased in South America. The suicide rates remain critical for boys in some former USSR republics. CONCLUSIONS The changes may be related to economic recession and its impact on children from diverse cultural backgrounds, but may also be due to improvements in mortality registration in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Kõlves
- Kairi Kõlves, PhD, Diego De Leo, DSc, Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diego De Leo
- Kairi Kõlves, PhD, Diego De Leo, DSc, Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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Ferrara P, Ianniello F, Cutrona C, Quintarelli F, Vena F, Del Volgo V, Caporale O, Malamisura M, De Angelis MC, Gatto A, Chiaretti A, Riccardi R. A focus on recent cases of suicides among Italian children and adolescents and a review of literature. Ital J Pediatr 2014; 40:69. [PMID: 25022200 PMCID: PMC4445587 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-014-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicidal behaviors are among the leading causes of death worldwide. The large spread of suicide suggests that educational programs and literature to parents or guardians should include information about the potential risks and potential consequences of the onset of the idea of suicide in children. We identified 55 cases of suicide among children and young adults <18-year-old occurring in Italy between 1st January, 2011 and 31st December, 2013. The results point to the need to increase our understanding of the dramatic rise in suicidal behaviors during childhood/adolescence and of the causal pathways linking these behaviors to child-adolescent mental disorders. During routine care visits, pediatricians should be skilled to recognize risk factors for adolescent suicide in order to intervene appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ferrara
- Institute of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Gatto
- Institute of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Chiaretti
- Institute of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Riccardi
- Institute of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Patton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Center for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Garciandía Imaz JA. [Family, Suicide and Mourning]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 43 Suppl 1:71-9. [PMID: 26574116 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Death is an event that always breaks into family life in a surprising way. Of all the deaths, suicide is the one which more strongly questions the functionality of a family and increases the risk of difficulties in the mourning process. Families in which a suicide has occurred are exposed to a greater possibility of disintegration, disorganization and pathological expressions in their members. OBJECTIVE To present a reduced and circumscribed narrative revision, restricted to examine the relationship between suicide and the mourning process in the family. RESULTS The suicide of a loved one is an event that may contribute to pathological grief and mental dysfunctions in surviving relatives. CONCLUSIONS Death in the family is a natural phenomenon. However, death by suicide is one of the phenomena that can generate more alterations in the structure and organization of the family, due to the difficulty related to the mourning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Garciandía Imaz
- Médico psiquiatra. Profesor asociado, fellow de Psiquiatría de Enlace, psicoterapeuta de familia, pareja e individual. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Social, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia.
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