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Kang JW, Oremus M, Dubin J, Tyas SL, Oga-Omenka C, Golberg M. Exploring the differential impacts of social isolation, loneliness, and their combination on the memory of an aging population: A 6-year longitudinal study of the CLSA. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 125:105483. [PMID: 38788370 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Memory plays a crucial role in cognitive health. Social isolation (SI) and loneliness (LON) are recognized risk factors for global cognition, although their combined effects on memory have been understudied in the literature. This study used three waves of data over six years from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging to examine whether SI and LON are individually and jointly associated with memory in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (n = 14,208). LON was assessed with the question: "In the last week, how often did you feel lonely?". SI was measured using an index based on marital/cohabiting status, retirement status, social activity participation, and social network contacts. Memory was evaluated with combined z-scores from two administrations of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (immediate-recall, delayed-recall). We conducted our analyses using all available data across the three timepoints and retained participants with missing covariate data. Linear mixed models were used to regress combined memory scores onto SI and LON, adjusting for sociodemographic, health, functional ability, and lifestyle variables. Experiencing both SI and LON had the greatest inverse effect on memory (least-squares mean: -0.80 [95 % confidence-interval: -1.22, -0.39]), followed by LON alone (-0.73 [-1.13, -0.34]), then SI alone (-0.69 [-1.09, -0.29]), and lastly by being neither lonely nor isolated (-0.65 [-1.05, -0.25]). Sensitivity analyses confirmed this hierarchy of effects. Policies developed to enhance memory in middle-aged and older adults might achieve greater benefits when targeting the alleviation of both SI and LON rather than one or the other individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Kang
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mark Oremus
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Joel Dubin
- Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Tyas
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Charity Oga-Omenka
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Meira Golberg
- Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Kettner H, Roseman L, Gazzaley A, Carhart-Harris RL, Pasquini L. Effects of Psychedelics in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:1047-1059. [PMID: 38849218 PMCID: PMC11316630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Affective symptoms such as anxiety, low mood, and loneliness are prevalent and highly debilitating symptoms among older adults (OA). Serotonergic psychedelics are currently investigated as novel interventions for affective disorders, yet little is known regarding their effects in OA. We investigated the mental health effects and psychological mechanisms of guided psychedelic group experiences in OA and a matched sample of younger adults (YA). METHODS Using a prospective observational cohort design, we identified 62 OA (age ≥60 years) and 62 matched YA who completed surveys two weeks before, a day, two weeks, four weeks, and six months after a psychedelic group session. Mixed linear regression analyses were used to investigate longitudinal well-being changes, as well as baseline, acute, and post-acute predictors of change. RESULTS OA showed post-psychedelic well-being improvements similar to matched YA. Among baseline predictors, presence of a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis was associated with greater well-being increases in OA (B = 6.72, p = .016 at the four-week key-endpoint). Compared to YA, acute subjective psychedelic effects were less intense in OA and did not significantly predict prospective well-being changes. However, relational experiences before and after psychedelic sessions emerged as predictors in OA (r(36) = .37,p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Guided psychedelic group sessions enhance well-being in OA in line with prior naturalistic and controlled studies in YA. Interestingly, acute psychedelic effects in OA are attenuated and less predictive of well-being improvements, with relational experiences related to the group setting playing a more prominent role. Our present findings call for further research on the effects of psychedelics in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kettner
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscape, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Leor Roseman
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Adam Gazzaley
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscape, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Robin L Carhart-Harris
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscape, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lorenzo Pasquini
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscape, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
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Fischer S, Nilsen C. ADHD in older adults - a scoping review. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:1189-1196. [PMID: 38622905 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2339994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This scoping review presents an overview of the available research on symptoms, comorbidities, and associated challenges among older adults with ADHD. METHOD The literature study followed Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage framework. The search was conducted in ProQuest Central, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and PubMed. Articles were included if they were peer-reviewed, ethically approved primary studies, written in the English language, concerning ADHD, and including people 60 years of age and older. RESULTS The review included 17 articles. Symptoms of ADHD persist throughout life. Older adults with ADHD experience similar core symptoms as younger individuals, but their manifestation and intensity may differ. The most common comorbidity found was mental illness, for example depression and anxiety. ADHD in older adults is linked to several challenges, such as difficulty with relationships and social isolation. CONCLUSION Older adults with ADHD face various symptoms, comorbidities, and challenges that affect their quality of life. Age-related changes can amplify ADHD symptoms and increase the perceived burden of illness. More research is needed to understand the complex relationship between these factors and enable tailored interventions to improve their quality of life and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Fischer
- Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Nilsen
- Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Sweden
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Li L, Pan K, Li J, Jiang M, Gao Y, Yang H, Bian G. The associations of social isolation with depression and anxiety among adults aged 65 years and older in Ningbo, China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19072. [PMID: 39154124 PMCID: PMC11330444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Social isolation was associated with emotional problems (depression and anxiety) among older adults, however, little is known in China. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study including 6,664 ≥ 65 years older adults in Ningbo, China. We collected data on social isolation, depression, and anxiety by specific scales. The relationship between social isolation and emotional problems was estimated by multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. The population-attributable risk percentage (PAR%) was used to explore the contribution of social isolation to emotional problems. Overall, the percentage of participants who had experienced social isolation, depression, and anxiety was 12.67%, 4.83%, and 2.63%. Compared with the elderly without social isolation, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of depression and anxiety with social isolation were 1.77 (1.25-2.51) and 1.66 (1.05-2.63), respectively. The PAR analysis showed that 10.66% of depression and 9.03% of anxiety could be attributable to social isolation. In the gender subgroup, ORs and PAR% were only significantly observed in female participants. In Chinese older adults, social isolation has been linked to depression and anxiety, suggesting the importance of taking effective and feasible interventions to reduce social isolation and emotional problems, especially among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaijie Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiqin Jiang
- Fenghua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315500, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Third People's Hospital of Xiangshan, Xiangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Group, Ningbo, 315725, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guolin Bian
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Li X, Guo Y, Peng R, Wan X, Zhou Q, Yang J, Wu S, Feng H. The effect of self-rated health on depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults: The mediating role of social participation and spouse health. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:411-417. [PMID: 39141948 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between self-rated health, social participation, spouse health, and depressive symptoms in older adults. It also analyzed the moderating effects of gender, drinking, visual function, diet, quality of life, and economic level on the model. We analyzed data from 5119 participants aged 60 and above, from the CLHLS. We used a partial least squares structural equation model to explore the correlation between self-rated health, spouse health, social participation, and depressive symptoms. Self-rated health was significantly correlated with spouse health, social participation, and depressive symptoms (P < 0.001). Social participation (β=-0.034) and spouse health (β=-0.029) were mediators of self-rated health to depressive symptoms. In addition, gender, drinking, visual function, diet, quality of life, and economic level were mediated factors. This study provides evidence that self-rated health has direct or indirect associations with depressive symptoms in older people, with social participation and spouse health playing a crucial mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongzhen Guo
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruotong Peng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Geriatric Department, Hunan Province Directly Affiliated TCM Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Nursing, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Siliang Wu
- Geriatric Department, Hunan Province Directly Affiliated TCM Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China; Xiangya-Oceanwide Health Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Medical Care, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Arjmandi MK, Neils-Strunjas J, Nemati S, Fridriksson J, Newman-Norlund S, Newman-Norlund R, Bonilha L. Age-Related Hearing Loss, Cognitive Decline, and Social Interaction: Testing a Framework. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024; 67:2743-2760. [PMID: 38995870 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aging increases risk for hearing loss, cognitive decline, and social isolation; however, the nature of their interconnection remains unclear. This study examined the interplay between age-related hearing loss, cognitive decline, and social isolation in adults by testing the ability to understand speech in background noise, a challenge frequently reported by many older adults. METHOD We analyzed data collected from 128 adults (20-79 years of age, Mage = 51 years) recruited as part of the Aging Brain Cohort at the University of South Carolina repository. The participants underwent testing for hearing, cognition, and social interaction, which included pure-tone audiometry, a words-in-noise (WIN) test, a hearing questionnaire (Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale [SSQ12]), a social questionnaire (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-57 Social), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. We used a single pure-tone average (PTA) threshold value and a single WIN threshold value for each participant because there were no differences on average between the left and right ears. RESULTS Poorer hearing was significantly associated with cognitive decline, through both PTA and WIN thresholds, with a stronger association observed for WIN threshold. Adults with poorer hearing also exhibited greater social isolation, as evidenced by their WIN threshold and SSQ12 score, although not through PTA. This connection was more pronounced with the WIN threshold than with the SSQ12 score. Cognition was not related to social isolation, suggesting that social isolation is affected more by the ability to understand words in noise than by cognition in a nondemented population. CONCLUSIONS Understanding speech in challenging auditory environments rather than mere threshold detection is strongly linked to social isolation and cognitive decline. Thus, inclusion of a word-recognition-in-noise test and a social isolation survey in clinical settings is warranted. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26237060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam K Arjmandi
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia
- Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Jean Neils-Strunjas
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Samaneh Nemati
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia
- Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Sarah Newman-Norlund
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Roger Newman-Norlund
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia
- Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia
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7
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Laidlaw RJ, McGrath R, Kumar S, Adams C, Murray CM. A qualitative study of a Sporting Memories program in South Australia: belonging, participation, and social connection. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1424080. [PMID: 39139665 PMCID: PMC11319177 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1424080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Older people can experience health and social challenges such as loneliness, depression, and lack of social connectedness. There is need for programs and approaches that address the growing incidence of social isolation and loneliness for older people. One initiative that aims to address these challenges is the Sporting Memories program. This program was developed in the United Kingdom and licensed to South Australia in 2019. The program is currently delivered across six community locations. Methods The aim of this study was to explore participants perspectives of the Sporting Memories program in South Australia. Underpinned by qualitative research, three focus groups were conducted, led by an experienced interviewer. Focus groups occurred at three of the six locations, including a day respite center, assisted living center and a government community center. The data were analyzed thematically by the research team. Results There were 16 participants over 65 years old, including four women and 12 men. Three key themes were developed: "free to talk about anything," "not feeling left out" and "a chance to share and learn." Collectively, participants reflected on how they built social connections, felt safe and included and learnt more about each other. Conclusion The Sporting Memories program provides a group program for older people to come together and develop new friendships. The use of sports as a means of reminiscence was considered relatable for the participants who reported social benefits and plans to keep attending. They valued learning through the program which was enhanced by having a facilitator who was knowledgeable about sport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carolyn M. Murray
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Baptista C, Silva AR, Lima MP, Afonso RM. Evaluating the cognitive effects of interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness in older adults: a systematic review. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39039765 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2374933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social isolation and loneliness among older adults present serious public health challenges linked to increased dementia risk. This systematic review analyzes interventions addressing social isolation and loneliness in older adults and their cognitive effects to inform future dementia prevention programs. METHOD We systematically searched databases (PUBMED, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and SAGE Journals) from February to May 2023 and updated from August to November 2023 using terms like social isolation, loneliness, intervention, and cognitive outcome. We included studies that assessed cognitive outcomes (such as global cognition or specific domains) and non-cognitive outcomes (including depression, well-being, and functionality). Study quality was assessed using Cochrane's RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and other appraisal tools, with results synthesized narratively. RESULTS Nine studies (1025 participants) were included, with a high risk of bias in most randomized trials (except one) and a low-to-moderate risk in non-randomized studies. Six studies showed improved cognitive function post-intervention, five of which involved technology. Two studies demonstrated reduced loneliness and improved cognition. CONCLUSION Technological interventions promise to reduce social isolation and loneliness, positively impacting cognitive function. Despite this, these interventions did not directly impact social isolation, which requires future and larger studies to understand more in-depth the role of these approaches for individuals with social isolation. The interventions promoting social interactions could lead to higher social identification, well-being, and interest in life. Multidomain interventions, including technology, are effective. Limitations include study scarcity and heterogeneity, highlighting the need for more robust research on interventions to alleviate social isolation and loneliness and enhance cognitive function.Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO CRD42023460933.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baptista
- FPCE-University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Interventions (CINEICC)-University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A R Silva
- FPCE-University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Interventions (CINEICC)-University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M P Lima
- FPCE-University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Interventions (CINEICC)-University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R M Afonso
- University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE-University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Barghouth MH, Klein J, Bothe T, Ebert N, Schaeffner E, Mielke N. Social support and frailty progression in community-dwelling older adults. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1408641. [PMID: 39086799 PMCID: PMC11288939 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1408641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite the growing evidence regarding the influence of social factors on frailty in older adults, the effect of social support remains unclear. This study aims to assess the association between social support and frailty progression (transition and incidence) in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Methods Using a cohort study design, 1,059 older adults from the Berlin Initiative Study were followed up for 2.1 years. Multinomial and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of social support using Oslo Social Support Scale-3 with frailty transition and incidence, respectively. Gender differences were explored using stratified analyses. Results At baseline, frailty prevalence in the study population [mean (SD) age 84.3 (5.6) years; 55.8% women] reached 33.1% with 47.0, 29.4 and 23.6% of the participants reporting moderate, strong and poor social support, respectively. Over the follow-up period, social support was not significantly associated with the frailty transition categories in the adjusted model. Conversely, the adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that participants with poor social support had twice the odds of becoming frail compared to those with strong social support (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.08-3.95). Gender-stratified analyses showed comparable estimates to the main analysis but were statistically non-significant. Discussion Our study results underpin the role of social factors in frailty incidence and highlight social support as a potential target for frailty-preventing interventions in older adults. Therefore, it is important to adopt a biopsychosocial model rather than a purely biomedical model to understand and holistically improve the health of community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Helmi Barghouth
- Institute of Public Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Klein
- Department of Social Policy and Social Security Studies, Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Tim Bothe
- Institute of Public Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Ebert
- Institute of Public Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffner
- Institute of Public Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Mielke
- Institute of Public Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Liu H, Topping A, Guo P. Intergenerational engagement with Asian residents in long-term care facilities: a mixed method systematic review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1422134. [PMID: 39081361 PMCID: PMC11286590 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1422134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Asian countries are experiencing a rapid rise in their aging populations. Cognitive and physical decline associated with aging can limit social interaction. This particularly impacts on those residing in long-term care facilities and engagement with children and young people. Intergenerational engagement has known benefits on the health and wellbeing of older people, it is unclear what the impact of intergeneration engagement interventions might have on older people in Asian long-term care settings. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and experiences of intergenerational engagement with older people in long-term care facilities in Asia. Methods Ten databases were searched to locate empirical studies of any design published in English or Chinese from January 2000 to June 2023. The search was limited to papers reporting effectiveness and/or experiences of intergenerational engagement on older people residing in Asian long-term care settings. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023413935) and followed PRISMA guidelines for reporting. A convergent design employing narrative synthesis was used to synthesize and integrate findings. Results From initial searches, 1,092 records were identified, of which 13 studies were retained for the review: 7 quantitative (including 1 randomized controlled trial, 1 cross-sectional observational design, and 5 quasi-experimental designs), 3 qualitative, and 3 mixed methods. Included studies were of variable quality. Quantitative evidence revealed that intergenerational engagement reduced depression (4.47 vs. 8.67, p = 0.005), negative emotions (14.11 vs. 16.56, p = 0.030), and feelings of loneliness (p < 0.01) among older people; and increased quality of life (mean change = -1.91; 95% CI = -3.18, -0.64) and strengthens interpersonal interactions (p = 0.025). Qualitative insights suggested that intergenerational engagement could foster emotional bonds, enhance intergenerational relationships, promote lifelong learning, satisfy social needs and improve older peoples' overall quality of life. However, some challenges such as language differences and noise levels can hinder successful implementation of intergenerational engagement. Conclusion This review indicates that intergenerational engagement can reduce depression and loneliness, improve quality of life, and strengthen social bonds for older individuals in Asian long-term care facilities. Despite some challenges, the evidence underlines its potential to meet the emotional and social needs of older people. Recognizing and addressing delivery challenges is essential for effective implementation. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023413935, identifier: CRD42023413935.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- University of Birmingham, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Topping
- University of Birmingham, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Guo
- University of Birmingham, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Wilson L, Rice C, Thompson S. Social Participation and Loneliness in Older Adults in a Rural Australian Context: Individual and Organizational Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:886. [PMID: 39063463 PMCID: PMC11276585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
A rise in aging populations globally calls attention to factors that influence the well-being and health of older adults, including social participation. In Australia, rural older adults face cultural, social, and physical challenges that place them at risk for isolation. Thus, research surrounding social participation and healthy aging is increasingly relevant, especially in rural areas. This qualitative study in a remote town in Western Australia explores barriers and facilitators to older adults' social participation. To investigate multiple perspectives, 23 adults aged 50+ and 19 organizations from a rural town were interviewed. A stakeholder reference group was engaged to refine the research design and validate the findings. Feedback from early interviews was used to refine the data collection process, thus enhancing the validity of the findings. Thematic analysis showed that health and mobility issues, inadequate infrastructure, poor sustainability, and cultural tensions commonly impacted social participation. Themes of rural town culture, cultural power dynamics, and rural stoicism were identified as cultural aspects that inhibited participation. Based on results of this study and the supporting literature, recommendations for inclusive activities include supporting community-designed programs, utilizing culturally sensitive language and personnel, expanding services using existing community resources, and diversifying older adults' roles in existing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Wilson
- Department of Global Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, University of Western Australia, Geraldton, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Carrigan Rice
- Department of Global Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, University of Western Australia, Geraldton, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Sandra Thompson
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, University of Western Australia, Geraldton, WA 6009, Australia;
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12
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Kabul EG, Calik BB, Ozcan NT, Gursoy S. Investigation of the adaptation of older adults to online learning and artificial intelligence. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2024; 59:101477. [PMID: 38422925 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2024.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the adaptation of older adults, to online learning and artificial intelligence. MATERIAL AND METHODS 210 older adults (109 women; 101 men) aged 65 and over, were included. Hodkinson Mental Test, Online Learning Readiness Scale (OLRS) and Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (AIAS) were used in evaluation. Older adults with 6 score and above in Hodkinson Mental Test, in which their cognitive level was evaluated, were included. Older adults were stratified according to their gender and age (Group I: 65-70 years; Group II: 71-75 years; Group III: 76 years and over). RESULTS In comparison analysis between age groups, there was a significant difference in the total score and all subdimensions of OLRS in favor of Group I (p<0.05), and in the total score and all subdimensions of AIAS (p<0.05). When analyzed according to gender, "The computer/Internet self-efficacy" subdimension of OLRS was significantly higher in male older adults (p<0.05). "Learning" subdimension of AIAS was significantly higher in female older adults (p<0.05). CONCLUSION With increasing age in older adults, the readiness for online learning decreases and the level of artificial intelligence anxiety increases. There is no difference between male and female older adults in the readiness for online learning and artificial intelligence anxiety levels, and it is moderate in both genders. In this context, we think that information about online and artificial intelligence applications for older adults would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Gur Kabul
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Bilge Basakci Calik
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nadir Tayfun Ozcan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physio Therapy and Rehabilitation, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Suleyman Gursoy
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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13
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Dewan N, Sommerlad A, Chapman H, Banerjee S, Corazzini K, Edvardsson D, Liougas MP, Livingston G, McGilton KS, O'Rourke HM, Bethell J. Assessing social connection for long-term care home residents: Systematic review using COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments guidelines. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2024; 10:e12492. [PMID: 39104764 PMCID: PMC11299077 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Social connection is important for long-term care (LTC) residents' quality of life and care. However, there is a lack of consensus on how to measure it and this limits ability to find what improves and impairs social connection in LTC homes. We therefore aimed to systematically review and evaluate the measurement properties of existing measures of social connection for LTC residents, to identify which, if any, measures can be recommended. We searched eight electronic databases from inception to April 2022 for studies which reported on psychometric properties of a measure of any aspect(s) of social connection (including social networks, interaction, engagement, support, isolation, connectedness, and loneliness) for LTC residents. We used COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines to evaluate the measurement properties reported for each identified measure and make recommendations. We identified 62 studies reporting on 38 measures; 21 measured quality of life, well-being or life satisfaction and included a social connection subscale or standalone items and 17 measures specifically targeted social connection. We found there was little high-quality evidence on psychometric properties such as sufficient content validity (n = 0), structural validity (n = 3), internal consistency (n = 3), reliability (n = 1), measurement error (n = 0), construct validity (n = 4), criterion validity (n = 0) and responsiveness (n = 0). No measures demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties on all these aspects, so none could be recommended for use. Thirty-four measures have the potential to be recommended but require further research to assess their quality and the remaining four are not recommended for use. Our review therefore found that no existing measures have sufficient evidence to be recommended for assessment of social connection in residents of LTC homes. Further validation and reliability studies of existing instruments or the development of new measures are needed to enable accurate measurement of social connection in LTC residents for future observational and interventional studies. Highlights Social connection is fundamental to person-centered care in long-term care homes.There is insufficient evidence for the reliability and validity of existing measures.No current measures can be recommended for use based on existing evidence.A reliable and valid measure of social connection is needed for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dewan
- KITE Research InstituteToronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Physical Therapy EducationCollege of Health SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesOregonUSA
| | - Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Sube Banerjee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Kirsten Corazzini
- College of Health and Human ServicesThe University of New HampshireDurhamUSA
| | - David Edvardsson
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Sahlgrenska AcademyInstitute of Health and Care SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Madalena P. Liougas
- KITE Research InstituteToronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Rehabilitation Sciences InstituteTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Katherine S. McGilton
- KITE Research InstituteToronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Rehabilitation Sciences InstituteTemerty Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of NursingUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Jennifer Bethell
- KITE Research InstituteToronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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14
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Mira JJ, Torres D, Gil V, Carratalá C. Loneliness impact on healthcare utilization in primary care: A retrospective study. J Healthc Qual Res 2024; 39:224-232. [PMID: 38670900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased number of patients seek help for loneliness in primary care. OBJECTIVE To analyze whether loneliness was associated with a higher utilization of healthcare facilities. METHODS Observational, retrospective study based on the review of routinely coded data in the digital medical record system in a random sample of patients aged 65 or older, stratified by population size of their residence area. A minimum sample size was estimated at 892 medical records. Loneliness was defined as the negative feeling that arises when there is a mismatch between the quantity and quality of a person's social relationships and those, they desire. Thirty-three primary care nurses (30 females and 3 males) were reviewing the data. RESULTS A total of 932 medical records of patients were reviewed (72% belonged to female patients). Of these, 657 individuals were living alone (71.9%). DeJong Scale average scores was 8.9 points (SD 3.1, 95CI 8.6-9.1). The average annual attendance to primary care ranged from 12.2 visits per year in the case of family practice, 10.7 nurse, 0.7 social workers. The average number of home visits was 3.2, and the urgent consultations attended at health centers were 1.5 per year. Higher feelings of loneliness were associated with extreme values in the frequency of healthcare resource usage. Compared to their peers of the same age, the additional healthcare resource consumption amounted to €802.18 per patient per year. CONCLUSION Loneliness is linked to higher healthcare resource usage in primary care, with individuals experiencing poorer physical and mental health utilizing these resources up to twice as much as their peers of the same age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Mira
- Healthcare District Alicante-Sant Joan, Fisabio, Alicante, Spain; Health Psychology Department, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain; RICAPPS (Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Prevention and Health Promotion), Spain.
| | - D Torres
- Healthcare District Alicante-Sant Joan, Fisabio, Alicante, Spain
| | - V Gil
- RICAPPS (Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Prevention and Health Promotion), Spain; Medicine Department, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Sant Joan, Spain
| | - C Carratalá
- RICAPPS (Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Prevention and Health Promotion), Spain; Medicine Department, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Sant Joan, Spain
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15
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Gao Q, Chua KC, Mayston R, Prina M. Longitudinal associations of loneliness and social isolation with care dependence among older adults in Latin America and China: A 10/66 dementia research group population-based cohort study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 39:e6115. [PMID: 38923024 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With increasing life expectancy and rapid ageing, there is an expanding number of older people who have functional declines, greater needs for care and support and who are at increased risk of insufficient social interaction. Longitudinal investigations on the interplay between loneliness, social isolation and care dependence remain limited. This study thus aimed to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal association between social isolation/loneliness and care dependence among older adults in Latin America and China. METHODS We analysed data from the population-based cohorts from the 10/66 Dementia Research Group (DRG) project (baseline 2003-07 and follow-up 2007-2010). The 10/66 DRG study recruited and followed up older adults aged 65 years or above in 11 catchment areas in Latin America and China. A total of 15,027 older adults from Latin America and China (mean age = 73.5, standard deviation = 6.5) were included in our analyses. Cross-lagged panel models were used to investigate potential reciprocal associations. RESULTS Loneliness was positively associated with care dependence at baseline (β = 0.11, p < 0.001 in Latin America; β = 0.16, p < 0.05 in China]. Social isolation consistently had a stronger positive association with care dependence across all study sites in both waves. Longitudinally, care dependence positively predicted loneliness (β = 0.10, p < 0.001) and social isolation (β = 0.05, p < 0.001) in Latin American study sites but not in China. Yet there was no statistical evidence of lagged effects of loneliness and social isolation on care dependence in all study countries. CONCLUSIONS Older people with care dependence are at risk of developing loneliness and social isolation. It is crucial to develop complex care models using a societal approach to address social and care needs holistically, especially for the older group with declining functional capacity. Future longitudinal research is required to explore the causal mechanisms of relationships and cultural differences, in order to inform the development of culturally appropriate care models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kia-Chong Chua
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosie Mayston
- Global Health & Social Medicine & King's Global Health Institute, Social Science & Public Policy, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Prina
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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16
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Mois G, Lydon EA, Mathias VF, Jones SE, Mudar RA, Rogers WA. Best practices for implementing a technology-based intervention protocol: Participant and researcher considerations. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 122:105373. [PMID: 38460265 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Technology-based interventions present a promising approach to support health and wellness for older adults with a range of cognitive abilities. Technology can enhance access to interventions and support scaling of programs to reach more people. However, the use of technology for intervention delivery requires particular attention to users' needs and preferences and ensuring the materials are adaptable and supportive of a diverse range of technology proficiency levels. We share best practices based on lessons learned from the deployment of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) wherein we delivered an 8-week social engagement intervention through a video technology platform called OneClick for older adults with varying cognitive abilities. We developed a set of best practices and guidelines informed by the lessons learned through this RCT implementation. Technology-based interventions require attention to the application (e.g., video calls), system requirements (e.g., system memory, broadband internet), training (e.g., adaptability based on user competency), and support (e.g., handouts, live contact). These best practices relate to user needs; training design; personnel responsibility; structuring delivery and content; and evaluating success. These research-based best practices can guide the design, development, and implementation of technology-based interventions to support older adults with varying cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mois
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 S Fourth St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States.
| | - Elizabeth A Lydon
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 S Fourth St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States
| | - Vincent F Mathias
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 S Fourth St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States
| | - Sarah E Jones
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 S Fourth St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States
| | - Raksha A Mudar
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 S Fourth St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States
| | - Wendy A Rogers
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 S Fourth St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States
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17
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Lucjan P, Bird T, Murray C, Lorimer A. Loneliness and psychotic-like experiences in middle-aged and older adults: the mediating role of selective attention to threat and external attribution biases. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38938159 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2372072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loneliness has been associated with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in the general population, but the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. Theoretical models, corroborated by empirical findings, signify the key role of biased cognition in both loneliness and psychosis. This study tested whether two cognitive biases - Selective Attention to Threat (ATB) and External Attribution Bias (EAB) - account for the association between loneliness and PLEs. METHOD A convenience sample (n = 357) of middle-aged and older adults (aged 40+) was recruited online from the UK population. The parallel mediation model with two the aforementioned cognitive biases as mediators was tested. RESULTS A mediation effect between loneliness and PLEs via ATB (ab1 = 0.441, 95% CI = [0.264, 0.646]) and EAB (ab2 = 0.354, 95% CI [0.124, 0.627] was established. This model remained significant after controlling for the current symptoms of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Greater loneliness was associated with a higher rate of PLEs in the sample of middle-aged and older adults. This association was fully explained by ATB and EAB, independent of the current symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Lucjan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Older Adult Mental Health Service, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Timothy Bird
- School of Health and Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Murray
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Older Adult Mental Health Service, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Angus Lorimer
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Older Adult Mental Health Service, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
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18
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Wilkinson LR, Masters JL, Boron JB. Communication Matters: Loneliness in Senior Living Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Innov Aging 2024; 8:igae060. [PMID: 39036791 PMCID: PMC11258898 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate individuals residing in senior living communities (SLCs) amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. One reason those living in SLCs often choose these communities is to have a readily available social network. Necessary social distancing disrupted this socialization, thus, possibly increasing perceptions of loneliness in residents of SLCs. This study examined relationships among loneliness, perceived provider communication about the pandemic and related restrictions, as well as individual characteristics. Research Design and Methods In December 2020, a survey was administered to older adults residing in a network of SLCs in Nebraska. Utilizing data from 657 residents aged 60 and older, ordinary least squares regression models were used to examine associations between 2 distinct measures of perceived provider communication and feelings of loneliness during the pandemic. The analysis also considered whether these associations varied as a function of education. Results The respondents were, on average, 84 years of age, primarily female (72%), and living independently (87%) in the SLC. The linear regression results revealed that 53% of respondents were very lonely during the pandemic. However, provider communication that was rated as helpful to residents' understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with lower perceived loneliness. There was not a similar association for provider communication regarding services and amenities, and the association was not present for those with the highest level of education. Discussion and Implications Provider communication in times of disruption from normal activities, such as with the COVID-19 pandemic, is important to perceptions of loneliness among those living in SLCs, particularly for those with lower educational attainment. SLCs are communities that individuals select to reside in, and through communication, providers may have the opportunity to positively affect resident experiences, especially in times of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Wilkinson
- Department of Gerontology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Julie L Masters
- Department of Gerontology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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19
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Nicoloro-SantaBarbara J, Lobel M. Loneliness and Its Predictors in Rare Versus Common Chronic Illnesses. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:422-432. [PMID: 37845486 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is a growing public health concern associated with substantial negative mental and physical health outcomes. Loneliness is especially relevant for individuals with a chronic illness, perhaps more so if their illness is rare. Little is known about the psychosocial experience of individuals with a rare chronic illness, and whether and how it may differ from the experience of individuals with common chronic illnesses. We compared the magnitude of loneliness in persons with a rare or common chronic illness and examined theoretically guided predictors of loneliness as follows: stigma, illness intrusiveness, social comparison, social support, support from healthcare providers, and self-efficacy. METHOD Individuals with a chronic illness (common or rare) completed an anonymous online survey (N = 952). RESULTS Individuals with common chronic illnesses were as lonely as those with a rare chronic illness. Loneliness in both groups was higher than that in population norms. Regression analyses reveal that independent of other predictors, loneliness was especially high among people who feel stigmatized by others, those who have less social support available, and people whose functioning is more disrupted by their illness (all p values < 0.01). CONCLUSION The similarity of loneliness in these groups reinforces the value of further systematic research to identify the needs of individuals with any type of chronic illness. Study findings highlight the importance of examining internalized stigma and social support as possible targets of intervention to reduce loneliness among individuals with a chronic illness, recognizing some of the unique features and challenges of their disorders, whether common or rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nicoloro-SantaBarbara
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Marci Lobel
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2500, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
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20
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Sánchez BLP, Serrano‐Dueñas M, Panta DAM, Vásquez JAM. Abuse and other factors related to depression in older Ecuadorian adults. Aging Med (Milton) 2024; 7:328-333. [PMID: 38975313 PMCID: PMC11222729 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify abuse and other risk factors associated with depression in older Ecuadorian adults using data from the 2012 Ecuador's Survey of Health, Welfare, and Aging (SABE). Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2012 SABE survey, which included 5235 adults aged 60 and above. The study evaluated residence, education level, ethnic self-identification, self-perceived health and memory, loneliness, cognitive status, and abuse. Depression was assessed using the Yesavage Depression Scale, short version (YDS-SV). Categorical variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test, differences between groups were calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean age was 71.39 ± 8.59 years and 55.10% of the sample were women. Abuse was absent in 72.1% (3.773) of the population. The Chi-square test indicated significant associations between depression and poor self-reported health (P = 0.000) and indigenous ethnicity (P = 0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (P < 0.001), abuse (p < 0.001), cognitive status (P = 0.002), and living alone (P = 0.034) significantly contributed to mood as assessed by the YDS-SV. No statistically significant association was found for perceived health status or place of residence (urban or rural). Conclusions Risk factors associated with depression in older Ecuadorian adults include advanced age, living alone, cognitive decline, poor self-perception of health and cognition, and abuse.
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Knauft K, Zilioli S, Tarraf W, Rorai V, Perry TE, Lichtenberg PA. Social connectedness in older Urban African-American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: the roles of education and partnership. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:874-881. [PMID: 37986033 PMCID: PMC11102929 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2282682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined education, partnership status, and the moderating role of the lockdown period on social connectedness during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of urban African-American older adults. METHODS Five hundred thirty-four African-American adults living in Detroit (91.0% female, Mage = 74.53) reported demographic information pre-pandemic and answered one social connectedness questionnaire between April and December 2020. RESULTS Participants interviewed after the lockdown (post-June 2020) reported more loneliness than those interviewed during the lockdown (April-June, 2020). Married/partnered participants reported less loneliness and social isolation. Loneliness did not differ between those with high education levels interviewed during the lockdown compared to post-lockdown. However, among individuals with low education levels, those interviewed after the lockdown reported more loneliness than those interviewed during the lockdown period. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest partnership status is associated with more social connectedness during the pandemic and education accentuates the effects of forced isolation related to loneliness among urban African-American older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University
| | | | | | - Tam E. Perry
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University
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22
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Hirose T, Sawaya Y, Ishizaka M, Hashimoto N, Watanabe M, Itokazu M, Kubo A, Urano T. Association between Internet Use and Locomotive Syndrome, Frailty, and Sarcopenia among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults. NURSING REPORTS 2024; 14:1402-1413. [PMID: 38921715 PMCID: PMC11207118 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the lives of those who are the target of community health nursing, it is important to collaborate with individuals and communities to improve their quality of life. Herein, we aimed to determine the association between Internet use among older individuals and locomotive syndrome (LS), frailty, and sarcopenia. In this cross-sectional study conducted between July 2022 and March 2023, we recruited 105 community-dwelling older Japanese adults who participated in a care prevention project called "Kayoi-no-ba". All participants were divided into Internet and non-Internet user groups according to the classification of a previous study. We assessed LS (standing test, two-step test, and five-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale), frailty (through the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old-Old), and sarcopenia (grip strength, normal walking speed, and skeletal muscle mass index) and made group comparisons between Internet users and non-users. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed with Internet use as the independent variable and sarcopenia or LS as the dependent variables. The Internet and non-Internet user groups had 69 and 36 participants, respectively. The Internet user group comprised 65.7% of all participants, which was similar to that reported in a previous study of the same age group. Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in sarcopenia and LS items, whereas adjusted binomial logistic analysis showed a significant association between sarcopenia and Internet use. In summary, among LS, frailty, and sarcopenia, sarcopenia showed the highest association with Internet use. Older adults without sarcopenia having good physical functions, such as grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle index, more likely used the Internet; while older adults with sarcopenia were less likely to use the Internet. This implied that Internet use may be associated with physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Hirose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.I.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Yohei Sawaya
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.I.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Masahiro Ishizaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.I.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Naori Hashimoto
- Senior Services Division of Otawara, 1-4-1 Honcho, Otawara 324-8641, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Miyoko Watanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.I.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Masafumi Itokazu
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.I.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Akira Kubo
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Odawara, International University of Health and Welfare, 1-2-25 Shiroyama, Odawara 250-8588, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Tomohiko Urano
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Chiba, Japan
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Horgan S, Prorok J, Conn D, Checkland C, Saunders J, Watson-Borg B, Tinley L. Can 'What Is Known' about Social Isolation and Loneliness Interventions Sufficiently Inform the Clinical Practice of Health Care and Social Service Professionals Who Work with Older Adults? Exploring Knowledge-to-Practice Gaps. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1111. [PMID: 38891186 PMCID: PMC11171656 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing intervention effectiveness is an important component of a broader knowledge translation (KT) process. However, mobilizing the implementation of these interventions into practice is perhaps the most important aspect of the KT cycle. The purpose of the current study was to conduct an umbrella review to (a) identify promising interventions for SI&L in older adults, (b) interpret (translate) the findings to inform clinical knowledge and practice interventions in different settings and contexts, and (c) highlight research gaps that may hinder the uptake of these interventions in practice. The broader purpose of this study was to inform evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on SI&L for HCSSPs. In line with other reviews, our study noted variations in methods and intervention designs that prohibit definitive statements about intervention effectiveness. Perhaps, the most significant contribution of the current review was in identifying knowledge-to-practice gaps that inhibit the implementation of interventions into practice-based realities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinda Horgan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | - Jeanette Prorok
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | - David Conn
- Department of Psychiatry, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada;
| | - Claire Checkland
- Canadian Coalition of Seniors’ Mental Health, Markham, ON L3R 9X9, Canada; (C.C.); (J.S.); (B.W.-B.); (L.T.)
| | - John Saunders
- Canadian Coalition of Seniors’ Mental Health, Markham, ON L3R 9X9, Canada; (C.C.); (J.S.); (B.W.-B.); (L.T.)
| | - Bette Watson-Borg
- Canadian Coalition of Seniors’ Mental Health, Markham, ON L3R 9X9, Canada; (C.C.); (J.S.); (B.W.-B.); (L.T.)
| | - Lisa Tinley
- Canadian Coalition of Seniors’ Mental Health, Markham, ON L3R 9X9, Canada; (C.C.); (J.S.); (B.W.-B.); (L.T.)
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Horgan S, Prorok J, Ellis K, Mullaly L, Cassidy KL, Seitz D, Checkland C. Optimizing Older Adult Mental Health in Support of Healthy Ageing: A Pluralistic Framework to Inform Transformative Change across Community and Healthcare Domains. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:664. [PMID: 38928911 PMCID: PMC11203904 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes a pluralistic framework to inform transformative change across community and healthcare domains to optimize the mental health of older adults in support of healthy ageing. An extensive review and analysis of the literature informed the creation of a framework that contextualizes the priority areas of the WHO Decade of Health Ageing (ageism, age-friendly environments, long-term care, and integrated care) with respect to older adult mental health. The framework additionally identifies barriers, facilitators, and strategies for action at macro (social/system), meso (services/supports), and micro (older adults) levels of influence. This conceptual (analytical) framework is intended as a tool to inform planning and decision-making across policy, practice, education and training, research, and knowledge mobilization arenas. The framework described in this paper can be used by countries around the globe to build evidence, set priorities, and scale up promising practices (both nationally and sub-nationally) to optimize the mental health and healthy ageing trajectories of older adults as a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinda Horgan
- Departments of Rehabilitation Therapy & Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jeanette Prorok
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | - Katie Ellis
- Mental Health Commission of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4, Canada; (K.E.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Mullaly
- Mental Health Commission of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4, Canada; (K.E.); (L.M.)
| | - Keri-Leigh Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie, NS B3H 2E2, Canada;
| | - Dallas Seitz
- Departments of Psychiatry & Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Claire Checkland
- Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health, Markham, ON L3R 9X9, Canada;
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25
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Wang C, Qiu X, Yang X, Mao J, Li Q. Factors Influencing Social Isolation among Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1042. [PMID: 38786452 PMCID: PMC11120751 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Social isolation, which has numerous adverse effects on health status, is prevalent among cancer patients. This review proposes to identify the influencing factors of social isolation among cancer patients. (2) Methods: Articles published in English or Chinese from six electronic databases before December 2023 were identified via a systematic search. A manual search was also performed. (3) Results: Twenty-eight studies were identified in this systematic review. The factors associated with social isolation can be summarized into the following categories: demographic characteristics, having cancer, health status, coping, social support and social interaction. Despite the heterogeneity, 20 factors were significantly associated with social isolation, including age, gender, comorbidity burden, education level, residence, medical insurance, occupation status, personality, race, smoking status, having children, not living alone, household income level, marital status, the role of primary caregiver, physical health status, mental health status, social health status, coping styles, and the level of social support and social interaction. (4) Conclusions: The systematic review showed that cancer patients' social isolation was influenced by their demographic characteristics, cancer-related factors, physical condition, psychological status, social health status, coping styles, and level of social support and social interaction. In addition, future group intervention could be considered to improve social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qiuping Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (C.W.); (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (J.M.)
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26
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Ohta R, Yakabe T, Adachi H, Sano C. Linking Agricultural Activity Frequency to Loneliness in Rural Hospital Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e59909. [PMID: 38854219 PMCID: PMC11161130 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Agriculture is deeply woven into the fabric of rural life, influencing the economy, and the social and health dynamics of rural communities. While it offers physical and mental health benefits through regular physical activity and interaction with nature, the solitary nature of farming activities may also lead to social isolation. This study explores the complex relationship between the frequency of agricultural engagement and feelings of loneliness among rural inhabitants with chronic diseases, addressing a gap in the literature concerning the impact of agricultural practices on social well-being. Method A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among patients over 40 who frequented the general medicine department in Unnan City, a rural area of Japan. The study utilized the Japanese version of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale to assess loneliness and collected data on agricultural activity frequency through questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the association between agricultural activities and loneliness, controlling for demographic and health-related variables. Results Among 647 participants, higher frequencies of agricultural activities were significantly associated with increased loneliness, especially for individuals engaging in agriculture four to five times weekly or daily. Engaging in agricultural activities four to five times weekly and daily significantly increased the likelihood of higher loneliness levels, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.80 (p = 0.039) and 2.47 (p < 0.01), respectively, when compared to engagement less than once a week. Age emerged as an influential factor, with individuals aged 75 and older showing increased odds of experiencing higher loneliness (OR 1.56, p = 0.025). Conclusion The study underscores the dual nature of agricultural engagement in rural communities, highlighting its role in both supporting physical health and contributing to social isolation. These findings advocate for developing targeted interventions that mitigate loneliness among rural populations, suggesting the need for a balanced approach that encompasses social and healthcare strategies to enhance the overall well-being of individuals engaged in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chiaki Sano
- Community Medicine Management, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, JPN
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27
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Assor M, Lantermino L. [A post-Covid-19 approach to loneliness and isolation in old age]. SOINS. GERONTOLOGIE 2024; 29:29-32. [PMID: 38677808 DOI: 10.1016/j.sger.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has accentuated loneliness and isolation among the elderly, affecting their physical and mental health. The post-Covid-19 approach needs to strengthen early detection of loneliness and isolation while promoting social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Assor
- Association Les Petits Frères des pauvres, 19 cité Voltaire, 75011 Paris, France.
| | - Laura Lantermino
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, 4 avenue Reine Victoria, 06000 Nice, France
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28
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Simone T, Peltz C, Rosenberg DE, Barnes DE, Fleckenstein LE, Dublin S, Yaffe K. The Impact of Pandemic-Related Restrictions on Dementia Risk Factors in Older Adults. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:515-519. [PMID: 37930366 PMCID: PMC10981572 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231210671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults aged 65+ are at highest risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, and prior to the distribution of vaccines in the U.S., were strongly advised to quarantine at home to reduce risk of infection. This study examines how COVID-19 restrictions impacted various dementia risk factors and social determinants of health among older adults. Data came from the Systematic Multi-Domain Alzheimer's Risk Reduction Trial, a randomized controlled trial of a multi-domain intervention in higher-risk older adults (aged 70-89). A questionnaire was administered to participants (n = 156; 90.7% response rate) between May 2020 and March 2021. The data show a significant decline in social activity, physical activity, and mood among respondents. Compared to living with others, living alone was associated with worsened physical activity, diet, and subjective memory/thinking, adjusted for sex and age. These results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated several risk factors for dementia in older adults, particularly in those living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Simone
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carrie Peltz
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dori E. Rosenberg
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah E. Barnes
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sascha Dublin
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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29
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Kung CSJ, Steptoe A. Changes in well-being among socially isolated older people during the COVID-19 pandemic: An outcome-wide analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2308697121. [PMID: 38648476 PMCID: PMC11067447 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308697121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Older adults experienced major changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing restrictions, and it might be expected that those who were already socially isolated before the pandemic were particularly vulnerable. We apply an outcome-wide longitudinal design on 4,636 participants (mean age 66.8 y) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, observed in 2018/19 and early (June/July 2020) and later (November/December 2020) in the pandemic. Social isolation is defined using an index including marital status, social contact, and social participation in 2018/19. Using mixed models, we compare changes in well-being, health, health behaviors, financial well-being, and Internet use, between isolated and nonisolated participants. From before to during the pandemic, isolated participants (29%) experienced smaller declines in life satisfaction and quality of life and a smaller increase in loneliness. They showed greater declines in smoking and physical activity and were more likely to remain worried about their future financial situation. They also did not change in their likelihood of regular Internet use, contrasting with nonisolated participants who increased in this regard. The groups followed a similar trend for general health and sleep quality (no change), depression and anxiety (increase), and expectations of future financial difficulties (decrease). Although isolated older adults generally show poorer outcomes than their socially connected counterparts, they were somewhat protected during the pandemic on some fronts. Our findings highlight the need to continually care for isolated older adults but also to be attentive in times of unexpected crises to those experiencing extreme changes related to necessary policy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claryn S. J. Kung
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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30
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Chen SY, Chen KM, Chang CC, Lai CY, Belcastro F, Kuo CF. Social Skill Abilities and Demographic Correlates of Older Volunteers. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241245487. [PMID: 38652874 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241245487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Older age is associated with reduced social networks while social skill abilities are important assets for older people to cope with these situations. To better understand older people's social skill ability and important demographic correlates, the present cross-sectional survey research interviewed 1000 Taiwanese older volunteers from 73 community care centers. Findings of a mixed model indicated that education and serving area outweighed other demographic factors significantly correlated with older volunteers' social skill ability. Latent class analyses further identified different latent ability groups for different education (high vs. low) or serving-area (urban vs. suburban) older volunteers. Specifically, low-education or suburban volunteers were correlated with disadvantageous social skill profiles. Notably, the suburban eclectic ability group exhibited a skill pattern signifying the risk of loneliness. Overall, the findings called for further investigation into the relationship between older people's socioeconomic factors (e.g., education and serving area) and their social skill ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yu Chen
- Center for Long-term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Min Chen
- Center for Long-term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ching Chang
- Department of Medical Sociology and Social Work, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Lai
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Frank Belcastro
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Dubuque, Dubuque, IA, USA
| | - Chuan-Feng Kuo
- Center for Long-term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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31
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Pereira H, Silva P, Torre RD, dos Santos MR, Moutinho A, Solinho S, Proença C, Cabral J, Santos AJ. Men's Social Connectedness in Later Life: A Qualitative Study with Older Men. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:53. [PMID: 38667520 PMCID: PMC11050630 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study aimed to understand men's social connectedness in later life in Portugal focusing on their perceptions, obstacles, strategies, and impact on well-being. The sample included 104 older Portuguese men over 65 years of age (Mage = 70.76 years). The qualitative data were the direct transcriptions of the answers given by participants to the electronic interview using thematic analysis. Findings revealed six overarching themes encompassing 18 subcategories: definitions of social connectedness (social support, community identity, mental health promotion, use of community structures), difficulties/obstacles in maintaining social connectedness (ageism, lack of initiative, physical limitations, psychological traits, resources), strategies/actions or resources to establish social connections (use of technology, use of community groups, leisure and sport activities, church/religion), negative impact of difficulties in establishing relevant social connections (mental health, physical health, relationships), positive actions from being socially connected (positive prescriptions to promote social connectedness), and concerns from being socially disconnected (health risks). These findings indicate that the lack of social connectedness creates social vulnerability in later life, and social support is needed to ensure safer aging among older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Pereira
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patricia Silva
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Renata Della Torre
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Marta Rosário dos Santos
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Adriana Moutinho
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Sofia Solinho
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Constança Proença
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
| | | | - Ana Jorge Santos
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
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32
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Ke GN, Gow A, Wong RMM, Raman S, Mohammad Z, De-Lima N, Khairudin R, Lau WY, Kamal KA, Lee SC, Grajfoner D. Perceptions of risk and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic among women and older adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301009. [PMID: 38630742 PMCID: PMC11023439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The world's health, economic, and social systems have been adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. With lockdown measures being a common response strategy in most countries, many individuals were faced with financial and mental health challenges. The current study explored the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being, perception of risk factors and coping strategies of two vulnerable groups in Malaysia, namely women and older adults from low-income households (USD592). A purposive sample of 30 women and 30 older adults was interviewed via telephone during Malaysia's Movement Control Order (MCO) regarding the challenges they faced throughout the pandemic. Thematic analysis was subsequently conducted to identify key themes. The themes identified from the thematic analysis indicated a degree of overlap between both groups. For women, seven themes emerged: 1) Psychological challenges due to COVID-19 pandemic, 2) Family violence, 3) Finance and employment related stress and anxiety, 4) Women's inequality and prejudice, 5) Coping strategies, 6) Professional support, and 7) Women's empowerment. Similarly, there were six themes for the older adults: 1) Adverse emotional experiences from COVID-19, 2) Threats to health security, 3) Loss of social connections, 4) Government aid to improve older adults' psychological well-being, 5) Psychological support from family members and pets, and 6) Self-reliance, religion, and spirituality. The findings provide valuable information on the specific burdens faced by these groups, and support psychological interventions and mitigations that would be appropriate to improve well-being during the recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guek Nee Ke
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
- Centre for Applied Behavioural Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Alan Gow
- Centre for Applied Behavioural Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Mei Ming Wong
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Shahirah Raman
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Zulaikha Mohammad
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Nicole De-Lima
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Wee Yeap Lau
- Faculty of Economics and Administration, Department of Applied Statistics, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Shen Chiang Lee
- Malaysian Institute of Economic Research (MIER), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dasha Grajfoner
- Centre for Applied Behavioural Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- DOBA Business School, Maribor, Slovenia
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33
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Brondani M, Donnelly L, Christidis N, Grazziotin-Soares R, Ardenghi D, Siqueira AB. Perceptions about Aging and Ageism from 14 Cross-sectional Cohorts of Undergraduate Dental Students. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024; 9:114-122. [PMID: 37272546 DOI: 10.1177/23800844231175647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although positive and negative views of aging and older adults exist, how undergraduate dental students imagine their lives to be as they grow older remains to be fully explored. This study aimed at determining the self-perceived views of being 65, 75, or 85 y of age, as expressed by undergraduate dental students at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada. METHODS A 14-y cross-sectional study design was utilized involving third-year undergraduate dental students at UBC's Faculty of Dentistry. Brief individual essays (150 words) encompassing students' self-perceived views were gathered as part of a dental geriatric course from 2009 to 2022; however, essays were not mandatory. Saldaña's inductive coding and thematic analysis of textual data were used. Themes and categories of information were identified and matched with their excerpts while aiming for data saturation. RESULTS Over the 14-y period, 657 students were enrolled in UBC's undergraduate dental geriatric course, and 561 essays were collected. Inductive coding and thematic analysis identified 5 main themes and 11 categories. While themes included "oral health, general health, and the mind" and "me, myself, and familial relationships," the categories focused on "(un)able bodies" and "general health." Positive views about the aging process were shared, while less optimistic ideas-and even ageism-were apparent when students saw themselves as not employable or living in isolation. Positive and negative views were not bound by the students' academic year but might have been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Although the number of older adults already surpasses the number of children in many countries, ageism appears to have permeated through students' views of 3 older ages. More positive yet realistic views of growing older were also shared. Follow-up studies are needed to explore the impact of dental education on decreasing ageism. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT As the proportion of older adults in the global population steadily grows, it is important to educate heath care providers about normal and pathologic aging to avoid ageism-stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination against older adults. This cross-sectional study involved 14 cohorts of undergraduate dental students exploring their self-perceived views of growing older. Although positive and negative views of aging were shared, dental education must focus on decreasing ageism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brondani
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - L Donnelly
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N Christidis
- Universitetstandvården, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - D Ardenghi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Hong S, Cha EJ, Moon Y, Ryu SH, Jeon HJ. Network Analysis Revealed the Role of Helplessness as a Central Feature Among Late-Life Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Stage Dementia. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:371-379. [PMID: 38695044 PMCID: PMC11065523 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been reported that depressive symptoms in older adults are different from those in younger adults, especially when accompanied by cognitive decline. However, few studies have investigated the network structure of depressive symptoms in this population. METHODS The participants consisted of 627 older adults (>60 yr) who were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early stage dementia. Among them, 36.7% were male and the mean age was 76.20±7.71 years. The Korean form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) was used to evaluate their depressive symptoms and network analyses were performed using bootnet R-package to identify the central features among depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of all the KGDS items, we found that KGDS 2 (often feel helpless) had the highest node strength followed by KGDS 21 (in good spirits), KGDS 14 (not confident at all), and KGDS 15 (cheerful and happy). In terms of node betweenness, KGDS 2 also showed the highest value. The edge weights of edges connected to node KGDS 2 were strongest in KGDS 3 (restless and fidgety) and KGDS 28 (easily get tired). CONCLUSION In this study, we presented which symptoms are central among the elderly with MCI and early stage dementia. This result not only increases the understanding of depressive symptoms in this group but would also help determine target symptoms in the treatment program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsil Moon
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Vivion M, Reid V, Dubé E, Coutant A, Benoit A, Tourigny A. How older adults manage misinformation and information overload - A qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:871. [PMID: 38515081 PMCID: PMC10956171 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic was characterized by an abundance of information, some of it reliable and some of it misinformation. Evidence-based data on the impact of misinformation on attitudes and behaviours remains limited. Studies indicate that older adults are more likely to embrace and disseminate misinformation than other population groups, making them vulnerable to misinformation. The purpose of this article is to explore the effects of misinformation and information overload on older adults, and to present the management strategies put in place to deal with such effects, in the context of COVID-19. METHODS A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted to conduct this research. A total of 36 semi-structured interviews were conducted with older adults living in Quebec, Canada. The interviews were fully transcribed and subjected to a thematic content analysis. RESULTS Participants said they could easily spot misinformation online. Despite this, misinformation and its treatment by the media could generate fear, stress and anxiety. Moreover, the polarization induced by misinformation resulted in tensions and even friendship breakdowns. Participants also denounced the information overload produced largely by the media. To this end, the participants set up information routines targeting the sources of information and the times at which they consulted the information. CONCLUSIONS This article questions the concept of vulnerability to misinformation by highlighting older adults' agency in managing misinformation and information overload. Furthermore, this study invites us to rethink communication strategies by distinguishing between information overload and misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vivion
- Department of Social and Preventive Medecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, Canada.
| | - V Reid
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratoire sur la communication et le numérique (LabCMO), Montreal, Canada
| | - E Dubé
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - A Coutant
- Laboratoire sur la communication et le numérique (LabCMO), Montreal, Canada
- Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Canada
| | - A Benoit
- GDR AREES (Groupe de recherche: Arctique: Enjeux pour l'environnement et les sociétés) du CRNS, Paris, France
| | - A Tourigny
- Institut sur le vieillissement et la participation sociale des aînés de l'Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- VITAM Centre de recherche en santé durable, Quebec, Canada
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Chen LJ, Steptoe A, Chien IC, Ku PW. Longitudinal association of social isolation and loneliness with physical function among in-patients living with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38506057 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: People living with schizophrenia have reduced physical function and are more likely to experience loneliness than those without condition. Low physical function is associated with greater loneliness in people with psychosis. However, it is unclear whether social isolation and loneliness contribute to impaired physical function in this population. Loneliness is linked to an increased risk of physical function impairment among older individuals, but research on patients living with schizophrenia is limited. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study is the first to evaluate the longitudinal association of social isolation and loneliness with physical function among inpatients living with schizophrenia. It showed that more than one third of the participants experienced a decline in physical function over a 2-year period. Loneliness, rather than social isolation, was associated with an increase in physical function impairment over 2 years among inpatients living with schizophrenia. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Healthcare professionals should recognize loneliness as a potential risk factor for impaired physical function among inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. It is recommended that people living with schizophrenia are assessed for loneliness and that interventions are offered to alleviate their feelings of loneliness. Implementing interventions to reduce loneliness may help improve physical function and overall quality of life for individuals living with schizophrenia. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Patients living with schizophrenia often experience low physical function, which is associated with negative health outcomes. Therefore, investigating the risk factors for physical function is crucial in this population. AIM This study examined the longitudinal association of social isolation and loneliness with physical function among inpatients living with schizophrenia. METHODS Physical function was assessed using measures of activities daily living (ADL), instrumental activities daily living (IADL) and the combination scores of ADL/IADL. Social isolation was indexed with five types of social connection and loneliness was measured using UCLA Loneliness Scale. RESULTS Social isolation was not associated with the measures of physical function over 2 years. Loneliness exhibited an association with IADL and ADL/IADL at follow-up, after adjustment for baseline levels of the outcomes. These associations remained when both social isolation and loneliness were simultaneously entered into the model. DISCUSSION Loneliness, rather than social isolation, was associated with increased physical function impairment over 2 years among inpatients living with schizophrenia. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Healthcare professionals should consider loneliness as a potential risk factor for impaired physical function. It would be beneficial to assess patients for loneliness and implement interventions to reduce feelings of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Chen
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - I-Chia Chien
- Center for the Development of Teaching and Research, Bali Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- YuLi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Ku
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health Management, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Minaya I, Raine S, Levy A, O’Malley CB. Mental Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Aging Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Populations. Perm J 2024; 28:14-21. [PMID: 38155588 PMCID: PMC10940241 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/23.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic affected numerous subpopulations of people in unique ways. This study evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health status of Broward County's aging lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) seniors and identified strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for interventions to enhance positive mental health outcomes. The study was performed from April 2021 through July 2021. METHODS Online surveys measuring anxiety, depression, social support, and resilience were delivered by email to 47 residents of Wilton Manors, Florida. Study data were collected and collated using research electronic data capture tools with bivariate analysis using the Mann-Whitney test and generalized linear regression. RESULTS Bivariate analysis showed that males scored significantly higher on the social interactions subscale of the Duke Social Support Index, indicating greater social support, yet there was not a significant difference with sexual orientation or living situation. Multivariate analysis revealed differences for several dependent variables including anxiety and depression reporting being lower in LGBTQ individuals. DISCUSSION This study provides important insight into specific mental health challenges faced by Broward County's LGBTQ seniors, which can be applied to other LGBTQ populations across the globe. CONCLUSION Using the results, targeted interventions can be developed to help improve mental health outcomes during periods of isolation for all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliza Minaya
- Department of Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Samuel Raine
- Department of Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Arkene Levy
- Department of Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Chasity B O’Malley
- Department of Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University, Dr Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Department of Medical Education, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
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Mason M, Pandya K, Lundberg A. Older adult drug overdose: an application of latent class analysis to identify prevention opportunities. Harm Reduct J 2024; 21:61. [PMID: 38481307 PMCID: PMC10936079 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-00973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adult overdose death rates have increased significantly in recent years. However, research for prevention of drug overdose death specific to older adults is limited. Our objective is to identify profiles based on missed intervention points (touchpoints) to inform prevention of future older adult unintentional overdose deaths. METHODS We used latent class analysis methods to identify profiles of decedents aged 55 + years in the Illinois Statewide Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System. This system collects data on 92.6% of all unintentional overdose deaths in Illinois and includes data from death certificates, coroner/medical examiner, toxicology, and autopsy reports. Data include decedent demographics, circumstances leading up to and surrounding the fatal overdose and details regarding the overdose. Variables in the latent class analysis model included sex, race, alcohol test result, social isolation, recent emergency department (ED) visit, chronic pain, and pain treatment. RESULTS We identified three distinct decent profiles. Class 1 (13% of decedents) included female decedents who were in pain treatment, had physical health problems, and had greater likelihood of a recent ED visit before their death. Class 2 (35% of decedents) decedents were most likely to be socially connected (live with others, employed, had social or family relationships) but less likely to have recent healthcare visits. Class 3 (52% of decedents) decedents had higher social isolation (lived alone, unemployed, unpartnered), were mostly male, had fewer known physical health conditions, and more alcohol positivity at time of death. White decedents are clustered in class 1 while Black decedents are predominant in classes 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS These profiles link to potential touchpoint opportunities for substance use disorder screening harm reduction and treatment. Class 1 members were most likely to be reachable in healthcare settings. However, most decedents were members of Classes 2 and 3 with less engagement in the healthcare system, suggesting a need for screening and intervention in different contexts. For Class 2, intervention touchpoints might include education and screening in work or social settings such as senior centers given the higher degree of social connectivity. For Class 3, the most isolated group, touchpoints may occur in the context of harm reduction outreach and social service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryann Mason
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, 420 E. Superior St. 9th floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 420 E. Superior St. 9th floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Kaveet Pandya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 420 E. Superior St. 9th floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alexander Lundberg
- Buehler Center for Health Policy and Economics, 420 E. Superior St. 9th floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 420 E. Superior St. 9th floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Kettner H, Roseman L, Gazzaley A, Carhart-Harris R, Pasquini L. Improvements in well-being following naturalistic psychedelic use and underlying mechanisms of change in older adults: A prospective cohort study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3977169. [PMID: 38496492 PMCID: PMC10942571 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3977169/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Affective symptoms such as anxiety, low mood, and loneliness are prevalent and highly debilitating symptoms among older adults (OA). Serotonergic psychedelics are novel experimental interventions for affective disorders, yet little is known regarding their effects in OA. Using a prospective cohort design, we identified 62 OA (age ≥ 60 years) and 62 matched younger adults (YA) who completed surveys two weeks before, and one day, two weeks, four weeks, and six months after a guided psychedelic group session in a retreat setting. Mixed linear regression analyses revealed significant well-being improvements in OA and YA, amplified in OA with a history of a psychiatric diagnosis. Compared to YA, acute subjective psychedelic effects were attenuated in OA and did not significantly predict well-being changes. However, a psychosocial measure of Communitas emerged as a predictor in OA, suggesting that the relational components in psychedelic group settings may hold particular value for OA.
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Soenarti S, Mahendra AI, Rudijanto A, Soeharto S, Ratnawati R, Maryunani, Marintan S. Cognitive status and low sun exposure as frailty major risk factor among older people in a rural area of East Java, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24 Suppl 1:170-175. [PMID: 37992737 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the prevalence of frailty and factors that strongly affected the frailty condition among older adults in East Java, Indonesia. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional study carried out among 400 older adults aged ≥60 years without any acute illness. Data were collected from rural area in two locations in Malang and Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia, in 2019-2020. For data collection, we used the sociodemographic profile assessment, Fried frailty phenotype, Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini Mental State assessment, sun exposure, handgrip strength, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, walk score, and body mass index. We used logistic regression statistics for data analysis. RESULTS The result showed that 2.5% were robust, 83% were prefrail, and 14.5% were frail. A higher proportion of subjects were aged 60-74 years (83.3%), women (70.3%), with lower educational status (84.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that the intrinsic factors low cognitive status (odds ratio [OR], 3.052 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.691-5.508]) and older age (OR, 3.073 [95% CI, 1.637-5.767]) were associated with frailty among the older adults in a rural area. Depression was also associated with frailty (OR, 2.458 [95% CI, 0.465-12.985]). From extrinsic factors, we also found that low sun exposure (OR, 2.931 [95% CI, 1.650-5.204]) and unemployment (OR, 1.997 [95% CI, 1.112-3.588]) were associated with frailty. CONCLUSION For the Indonesian elderly in this study, low cognitive status, older age, depression, low sun exposure, and unemployment were associated with frailty. Understanding the modifiable risk factors of frailty can provide a valuable reference for future prevention and intervention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 170-175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Soenarti
- Geriatric Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine Study Group, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- Center of Study Degenerative Disease, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Indra Mahendra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Rudijanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Setyawati Soeharto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Retty Ratnawati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Maryunani
- Faculty of Economics and Bussiness, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Silmy Marintan
- Geriatric Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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Gao Q, Mak HW, Fancourt D. Longitudinal associations between loneliness, social isolation, and healthcare utilisation trajectories: a latent growth curve analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02639-9. [PMID: 38429539 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the longitudinal associations between eight-year trajectories of loneliness, social isolation and healthcare utilisation (i.e. inpatient, outpatient, and nursing home care) in US older adults. METHODS The study used data from the Health and Retirement Study in 2006-2018, which included a nationally representative sample of American adults aged 50 and above (N = 6,832). We conducted latent growth curve models to assess the associations between trajectories of loneliness and isolation and healthcare utilisation over 8 years. RESULTS Independent of sociodemographic and health-related confounders, social deficits were associated with a lower likelihood of baseline physician visits (loneliness β= -0.15, SE = 0.08; social isolation β= -0.19, SE = 0.08), but there was a positive association between loneliness and number of physician visits (β = 0.06, SE = 0.03), while social isolation was associated with extended hospital (β = 0.07, SE = 0.04) and nursing home stays (β = 0.05, SE = 0.02). Longer nursing home stays also predicted better trajectories of loneliness and isolation over time. CONCLUSION Loneliness and social isolation are cross-sectionally related to complex patterns of different types of healthcare. There was no clear evidence that social deficits led to specific trajectories of healthcare utilisation, but nursing home stays may over time help provide social contact, supporting trajectories of isolation and potentially loneliness. Non-clinical services such as social prescribing could have the potential to address unmet social needs and further promote patients' health-seeking profiles for improving healthcare equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hei Wan Mak
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
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Pohl JS, Fleury J. Behavioral activation for family caregiver connectedness: Adaptation of an evidenced based intervention. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 56:285-290. [PMID: 38412635 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Informal caregivers of older adults with chronic illness have unique barriers to social connection. As the older adult population increases, individualized interventions are urgently needed to address the social disconnection experienced across generations of informal caregivers. Adapting an evidenced-based intervention to target social connectedness and leverage technology-mediated communication may be a promising approach. This article describes the adaptation of the Brief Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression-Revised intervention using elements of the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced. Facilitating the comprehensive documentation of modifications made, we discuss the (a) rationale for modifications, (b) timing and approach to modifications, (c) nature of context and content modifications, and (d) fidelity in modifications. The Behavioral Activation for Family Caregiver Connectedness intervention addresses unique barriers to caregiver social connection with individualized value-based plans. Modifications to content and delivery reflect the goal of improving intervention fit in the context of social connectedness experienced by informal caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S Pohl
- Arizona State University, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, 500 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Julie Fleury
- Arizona State University, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, 500 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
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Sun HL, Zhang Q, Si TL, Bai W, Chen P, Lam MI, Lok KI, Su Z, Cheung T, Ungvari GS, Jackson T, Sha S, Xiang YT. Interactive changes in depression and loneliness symptoms prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal network analysis. Psychiatry Res 2024; 333:115744. [PMID: 38301287 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression and loneliness co-occur frequently. This study examined interactive changes between depression and loneliness among older adults prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic from a longitudinal network perspective. METHODS This network study was based on data from three waves (2016-2017, 2018-2019, and 2020) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Depression and loneliness were measured with the eight-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8) and three item version of the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, respectively. A network model was constructed using an Ising Model while network differences were assessed using a Network Comparison Test. Central symptoms were identified via Expected Influence (EI). RESULTS A total of 4,293 older adults were included in this study. The prevalence and network of depression and loneliness did not change significantly between the baseline and pre-pandemic assessments but increased significantly from the pre-pandemic assessment to during COVID-19 assessment. The central symptom with the strongest increase from pre-pandemic to pandemic assessments was "Inability to get going" (CESD8) and the edge with the highest increase across depression-loneliness symptom communities was "Lack companionship" (UCLA1) - "Inability to get going" (CESD8). Finally, "Feeling depressed" (CESD1) and "Everything was an effort" (CESD2) were the most central symptoms over the three assessment periods. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significant changes in the depression-loneliness network model. The most changed symptoms and edges could be treatment targets for reducing the risk of depression and loneliness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Li Sun
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Leong Si
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Mei Ieng Lam
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ka-In Lok
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Jones VK, Yan C, Shade MY, Boron JB, Yan Z, Heselton HJ, Johnson K, Dube V. Reducing Loneliness and Improving Social Support among Older Adults through Different Modalities of Personal Voice Assistants. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:22. [PMID: 38525739 PMCID: PMC10961806 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the potential of AI-powered personal voice assistants (PVAs) in reducing loneliness and increasing social support among older adults. With the aging population rapidly expanding, innovative solutions are essential. Prior research has indicated the effectiveness of various interactive communication technologies (ICTs) in mitigating loneliness, but studies focusing on PVAs, particularly considering their modality (audio vs. video), are limited. This research aims to fill this gap by evaluating how voice assistants, in both audio and video formats, influence perceived loneliness and social support. This study examined the impact of voice assistant technology (VAT) interventions, both audio-based (A-VAT) and video-based (V-VAT), on perceived loneliness and social support among 34 older adults living alone. Over three months, participants engaged with Amazon Alexa™ PVA through daily routines for at least 30 min. Using a hybrid natural language processing framework, interactions were analyzed. The results showed reductions in loneliness (Z = -2.99, p < 0.01; pre-study loneliness mean = 1.85, SD = 0.61; post-study loneliness mean = 1.65, SD = 0.57), increases in social support post intervention (Z = -2.23, p < 0.05; pre-study social support mean = 5.44, SD = 1.05; post-study loneliness mean = 5.65, SD = 1.20), and a correlation between increased social support and loneliness reduction when the two conditions are combined (ρ = -0.39, p < 0.05). In addition, V-VAT was more effective than A-VAT in reducing loneliness (U = 85.50, p < 0.05) and increasing social support (U = 95, p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation between changes in perceived social support and changes in perceived loneliness was observed in either intervention condition (V-VAT condition: ρ = -0.24, p = 0.37; A-VAT condition: ρ = -0.46, p = 0.06). This study's findings could significantly contribute to developing targeted interventions for improving the well-being of aging adults, addressing a critical global issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie K. Jones
- College of Journalism and Mass Communications, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Changmin Yan
- College of Journalism and Mass Communications, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Marcia Y. Shade
- College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Julie Blaskewicz Boron
- Department of Gerontology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (J.B.B.); (H.J.H.); (V.D.)
| | - Zhengxu Yan
- College of Computing, Data Science, and Society, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Hyeon Jung Heselton
- Department of Gerontology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (J.B.B.); (H.J.H.); (V.D.)
| | - Kate Johnson
- College of Law, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Victoria Dube
- Department of Gerontology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (J.B.B.); (H.J.H.); (V.D.)
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Lin Y, Zhu T, Zhang X, Zeng Z. Trends in the prevalence of social isolation among middle and older adults in China from 2011 to 2018: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:339. [PMID: 38302982 PMCID: PMC10832184 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that social isolation, which is prevalent in older adults, is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, but the prevalence of and trends in regard to social isolation remain ambiguous in China. The aim of this study was to elucidate the trends regarding the prevalence of social isolation among middle-aged and older adults in China from 2011 to 2018 and to further identify associated risk factors. METHODS A repeated cross-sectional study, The data were derived from panel sample data of four waves conducted from May 2011 to August 2018 in the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) using multistage probability sampling. Social isolation was ascertained by the five item Steptoe Social Isolation Index. The potential covariates were demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and health status. Linear-by-linear association was used to assess the trends in regard to social isolation over time under the influence of the potential covariates. Linear-by-linear association and an age-period-cohort analysis were used to explore the trends, and two-level (time, individual) generalized estimating equation models (GEE) linked multivariate binary logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors. RESULTS A high prevalence of social isolation and a moderate upward trend from 2013 to 2018 were observed among a U-shaped trend prevalence of social isolation from 2011 to 2018 across China, with rates of 38.09% (95% CI = 36.73-39.45) in 2011, 33.66% (32.32-35.00) in 2013, 39.13% (37.59-40.67) in 2015, and 39.95% (38.59-41.31) in 2018 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of social isolation increased with age and educational attainment. Females had a higher prevalence than males. The prevalence of social isolation was found to be significantly lower in pensioners than in non-pensioners between 2011 and 2018 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of social isolation was 38.9%, 34.9%, 38.5%, and 44.08% about three times higher among those who doid not use the Internet and 13.44%, 11.64%, 12.93%, and 16.73% than among those who doid in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018 respectively. The participants with short (0-5 h) and long sleep (9 or more hours), and poor self-rated health had a higher prevalence of social isolation than the others. Older age, lower educational attainment, living in a rural region, lack of medical insurance or pension, lack of internet use and poor health were risk factors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found a U-shaped prevalence of social isolation trends from 2011 to 2018 and revealed increasing trends from 2013 to 2018 among middle-aged and older adults in China. The findings of the study highlight the urgent need for interventions to reduce social isolation including improving sleep quality and internet skills. Disadvantaged groups in terms of age, economic status, and health status should be the focus of such interventions, especially in the era of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Lin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Public Health and Wellness, Guangdong Medical University, 1#, Xincheng Avenue, Songshanhu District, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre (CPEC), London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A2AE, UK
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Public Health and Wellness, Guangdong Medical University, 1#, Xincheng Avenue, Songshanhu District, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Public Health and Wellness, Guangdong Medical University, 1#, Xincheng Avenue, Songshanhu District, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Institute of Public Health and Wellness, Guangdong Medical University, 1#, Xincheng Avenue, Songshanhu District, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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Quach LT, Ritchie CS, Reynolds Z, Paul R, Seeley J, Tong Y, Hoeppner S, Okello S, Nakasujja N, Olivieri-Mui B, Saylor D, Greene M, Asiimwe S, Tindimwebwa E, Atwiine F, Sentongo R, Siedner MJ, Tsai AC. HIV, Social Networks, and Loneliness among Older Adults in Uganda. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:695-704. [PMID: 38281251 PMCID: PMC10947585 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Loneliness among older adults has been identified as a major public health problem. Yet little is known about loneliness, or the potential role of social networks in explaining loneliness, among older people with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa, where 70% of PWH reside. To explore this issue, we analyzed data from 599 participants enrolled in the Quality of Life and Ageing with HIV in Rural Uganda study, including older adults with HIV in ambulatory care and a comparator group of people without HIV of similar age and gender. The 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to measure loneliness, and HIV status was the primary explanatory variable. The study found no statistically significant correlation between loneliness and HIV status. However, individuals with HIV had smaller households, less physical and financial support, and were less socially integrated compared to those without HIV. In multivariable logistic regressions, loneliness was more likely among individuals who lived alone (aOR:3.38, 95% CI:1.47-7.76) and less likely among those who were married (aOR:0.34, 95% CI:0.22-0.53) and had a higher level of social integration (aOR:0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.92). Despite having smaller social networks and less support, older adults with HIV had similar levels of loneliness as those without HIV, which may be attributed to resiliency and access to HIV-related health services among individuals with HIV. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to better understand the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien T Quach
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre for Aging and Serious Illness, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, USA.
| | - Christine S Ritchie
- Centre for Aging and Serious Illness, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zahra Reynolds
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Paul
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri at St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Janet Seeley
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Yao Tong
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanne Hoeppner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samson Okello
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Noeline Nakasujja
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brianne Olivieri-Mui
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deanna Saylor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Greene
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstreif Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen Asiimwe
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Kabwohe Clinical Research Center, Kabwohe, Uganda
| | | | - Flavia Atwiine
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ruth Sentongo
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Alexander C Tsai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Scazufca M, Seward N. Addressing the threat of loneliness and depression in older adults. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:e84-e85. [PMID: 38310897 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Scazufca
- LIM-23, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nadine Seward
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Ciucurel C, Tudor MI, Ciucurel MM, Boca IC, Iconaru EI. Comparative Analysis of Social Networks in Institutionalized Older Adults versus Aging-in-Place Scenarios. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:18. [PMID: 38392105 PMCID: PMC10887761 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This research aims to compare social networks among institutionalized and aging-in-place (AIP) older adults through the validation of a new questionnaire. (2) Methods: The cross-sectional study included 100 older adults (mean age: 73.53 ± 5.49 years; age range: 65-85 years), with 48 institutionalized subjects and 52 AIP subjects. We developed, validated, and administered a new questionnaire, the Social Network Assessment for Older People Questionnaire (SNAOPQ), to assess older adults' social networks using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. (3) Results: The SNAOPQ demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.91 and McDonald's omega of 0.91). Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between variables, highlighting differences in social networks between institutionalized and AIP individuals (p ≤ 0.001). Sociodemographic factors like age, education, living arrangement status, and number of descendants significantly influenced SNAOPQ scores (p ≤ 0.001). Age and residence type notably impacted participants' scores, indicating reduced social network size with age. Tertiary education and living in a couple were associated with more extensive social networks, while a higher number of descendants correlated with social network expansion. (4) Conclusions: Our study highlights significant differences in social networks among older adults based on residence type, emphasizing the impact of sociodemographic factors such as age, education, living arrangement, and the number of descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Ciucurel
- Department of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, University Center of Pitesti, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica Bucuresti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania
| | - Mariana Ionela Tudor
- Department of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, University Center of Pitesti, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica Bucuresti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania
| | - Manuela Mihaela Ciucurel
- Department of Psychology, Communication Sciences and Social Assistance, University Center of Pitesti, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica Bucuresti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania
| | - Ioan-Cosmin Boca
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Physical Therapy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Elena Ioana Iconaru
- Department of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, University Center of Pitesti, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica Bucuresti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania
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Finlay J, Meltzer G, O’Shea B, Kobayashi L. Altered place engagement since COVID-19: A multi-method study of community participation and health among older americans. WELLBEING, SPACE AND SOCIETY 2024; 6:100184. [PMID: 38887431 PMCID: PMC11182647 DOI: 10.1016/j.wss.2024.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about longer-term changes to community participation since the COVID-19 pandemic onset and potential implications for health and wellbeing in later life. This multi-method investigation analyzes national data from the COVID-19 Coping Study. Statistical analyses of survey data (n = 1,630; mean age 67.9 years; data collected April/May 2022) identified that adults residing in the US still tended to stay inside their homes more often since the pandemic onset. Overall, participants decreased their engagement with amenities such as eateries, gyms, and arts and cultural sites. Reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 57; mean age 70.7 years; data collected May-July 2021) identified altered community participation with perceived long-term impacts on physical, mental, and social health and wellbeing. The results provide novel insights about the critical nature of 'third places' to support later life, and policy implications to strengthen community environments. Investment in outdoor, well-ventilated, and distanced third places may support wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Finlay
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Social Environment and Health Program, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriella Meltzer
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Brendan O’Shea
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lindsay Kobayashi
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Sivakumar PT, Harbishettar V, Pandey NM, Tiwari SC. Clinical practice guidelines for promoting mental health and well-being of older adults: A special focus on strategies for coping with social isolation and loneliness. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:S331-S337. [PMID: 38445288 PMCID: PMC10911326 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_757_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Palanimuthu T Sivakumar
- Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaykumar Harbishettar
- Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nisha M Pandey
- Department of Geriatric Mental Health, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail:
| | - Sarvada C Tiwari
- Department of Geriatric Mental Health, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail:
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