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Han SW, Lee SH, Kim JH, Lee JJ, Park YH, Kim S, Nho K, Sohn JH. Association of liver function markers and apolipoprotein E ε4 with pathogenesis and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1411466. [PMID: 39114318 PMCID: PMC11303325 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1411466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder influenced by various factors, including liver function, which may impact the clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. This study aimed to explore how the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele affects the relationship of liver function markers with AD pathology and cognition. Methods We analyzed data from two independent cohorts, including 732 participants from the Hallym University Medical Center and 483 from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, each group consisting of individuals with and without the APOE ε4 allele. Cross-sectional analyses evaluated the associations of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and albumin) with AD diagnosis, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) burden, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for AD (Aβ42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau181) at baseline. Longitudinally, we investigated the associations between these liver enzymes and changes in cognitive performance over the course of a year. Logistic and linear regression models were used to analyze these associations and mediation analyses were conducted to assess whether age and amyloid PET burden mediated these associations. Results Only in the APOE ε4 carrier group, a high AST to ALT ratio and low ALT levels were significantly associated with AD diagnosis, increased amyloid PET burden, and faster longitudinal decline in cognitive function in both cohorts. In particular, the AST to ALT ratio was associated with cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 levels exclusively in the APOE ε4 carrier group in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort but not with phosphorylated tau181 or total tau levels. Moreover, mediation analyses from both cohorts revealed that in the APOE ε4 carriers group, age did not mediate the associations between liver enzymes and AD diagnosis or amyloid PET burden. However, amyloid PET burden partially mediated the association between liver enzymes and AD diagnosis exclusively in the APOE ε4 carriers group. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the significant association of the APOE ε4 allele with liver enzymes and their potential role in Aβ-related pathogenesis and cognition in AD. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Han
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jong-Hee Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Zhang B, Zhang C, Wang Y, Cheng L, Wang Y, Qiao Y, Peng D. Associations of liver function with plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2625-2631. [PMID: 38177970 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are promising to be used in clinical settings. The liver is an important degradation organ of the body. Whether liver function affects the levels of AD biomarkers needs to be studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between liver function and the plasma levels of AD biomarkers. METHODS We conducted an ADNI cohort-based cross-sectional study. Thirteen liver function markers commonly used in clinical settings were analyzed: total protein (TP), albumin (AL), globulin (GL), AL/GL ratio (A/G), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), indirect bilirubin (IB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), AST/ALT ratio, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 concentrations. Single Molecule array technique was used to measure the plasma p-tau181 and NfL concentrations. We used linear regression models to analyze the associations between liver function markers and the levels of AD plasma biomarkers. RESULTS ALP was positively associated with the levels of plasma Aβ42 (β = 0.16, P = 0.018) and Aβ40 (β = 0.21, P = 0.004). LDH was positively associated with the levels of plasma p-tau181 (β = 0.09, P = 0.022). While NfL was correlated with multiple liver function markers, including AL, A/G, ALT, AST/ALT, and LDH. CONCLUSION Liver function was associated with the plasma levels of AD biomarkers. It needs to consider the potential influence of liver function on the reference ranges and the interpretation of results for AD biomarkers before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - YuYe Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - LeiAn Cheng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - YaNan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Ly MT, Adler J, Ton Loy AF, Edmonds EC, Bondi MW, Delano-Wood L. Comparing neuropsychological, typical, and ADNI criteria for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in Vietnam-era veterans. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:439-447. [PMID: 38263745 DOI: 10.1017/s135561772301144x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychological criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) more accurately predict progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are more strongly associated with AD biomarkers and neuroimaging profiles than ADNI criteria. However, research to date has been conducted in relatively healthy samples with few comorbidities. Given that history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are risk factors for AD and common in Veterans, we compared neuropsychological, typical (Petersen/Winblad), and ADNI criteria for MCI in Vietnam-era Veterans with histories of TBI or PTSD. METHOD 267 Veterans (mean age = 69.8) from the DOD-ADNI study were evaluated for MCI using neuropsychological, typical, and ADNI criteria. Linear regressions adjusting for age and education assessed associations between MCI status and AD biomarker levels (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] p-tau181, t-tau, and Aβ42) by diagnostic criteria. Logistic regressions adjusting for age and education assessed the effects of TBI severity and PTSD symptom severity simultaneously on MCI classification by each criteria. RESULTS Agreement between criteria was poor. Neuropsychological criteria identified more Veterans with MCI than typical or ADNI criteria, and were associated with higher CSF p-tau181 and t-tau. Typical and ADNI criteria were not associated with CSF biomarkers. PTSD symptom severity predicted MCI diagnosis by neuropsychological and ADNI criteria. History of moderate/severe TBI predicted MCI by typical and ADNI criteria. CONCLUSIONS MCI diagnosis using sensitive neuropsychological criteria is more strongly associated with AD biomarkers than conventional diagnostic methods. MCI diagnostics in Veterans would benefit from incorporation of comprehensive neuropsychological methods and consideration of the impact of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica T Ly
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Adler
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adan F Ton Loy
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emily C Edmonds
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mark W Bondi
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Pradhan SR, Pathinti RS, Kandimalla R, Chithari K, Veeramalla N MR, Vallamkondu J. Label-free detection of Aβ-42: a liquid crystal droplet approach for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12107-12118. [PMID: 38628477 PMCID: PMC11019351 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00615a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a biosensor based on liquid crystals (LC) designed to detect the Aβ-42 biomarker, commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease. The sensor utilizes LC droplets created using a PEI/Tween-20 surfactant mixture, arranged radially in an aqueous solution. These droplets are coated with the Aβ1-16 antibody, enabling the detection of the Aβ1-42 biomarker. The key advantage of this biosensor lies in its ability to directly translate the antigen-antibody interaction into a change in the molecular orientation of the LC droplets, simplifying the detection process by removing additional procedural steps. Specifically, this immunoassay induces a transformation in the nematic droplets orientation from radial to bipolar upon successful antigen binding. When only the Aβ1-16 antibody coated the LC droplets, no change in orientation was detected, confirming the reaction's specificity. The orientation shift in the LC droplets indicates the formation of an immunocomplex between the Aβ1-16 antibody and the Aβ1-42 antigen. The LC droplet immunoassay effectively detected Aβ1-42 antigen concentrations ranging from 45 to 112.5 μM, with the Aβ1-16 antibody immobilized on the droplets at a concentration of 1 μg mL-1. These findings suggest that the LC microdroplets' orientational behavior can be harnessed to develop a biosensor for the in vivo detection of various proteins or pathogens in a PBS aqueous medium. Owing to its label-free nature and distinct optical signaling, this LC droplet-based immunoassay holds promise for further development into a cost-effective, portable diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College Warangal 506007 India
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Hsu CC, Wang SI, Lin HC, Lin ES, Yang FP, Chang CM, Wei JCC. Difference of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Profiles among Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia Patient. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3919. [PMID: 38612729 PMCID: PMC11012002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The delineation of biomarkers and neuropsychiatric symptoms across normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia stages holds significant promise for early diagnosis and intervention strategies. This research investigates the association of neuropsychiatric symptoms, evaluated via the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (Amyloid-β42, P-tau, T-tau) across a spectrum of cognitive states to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment approaches. Drawing from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Set Version 3, comprising 977 individuals with normal cognition, 270 with MCI, and 649 with dementia. To assess neuropsychiatric symptoms, we employed the NPI to understand the behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with each cognitive category. For the analysis of CSF biomarkers, we measured levels of Amyloid-β42, P-tau, and T-tau using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Luminex multiplex xMAP assay protocols. These biomarkers are critical in understanding the pathophysiological underpinnings of Alzheimer's disease and its progression, with specific patterns indicative of disease stage and severity. This study cohort consists of 1896 participants, which is composed of 977 individuals with normal cognition, 270 with MCI, and 649 with dementia. Dementia is characterized by significantly higher NPI scores, which are largely reflective of mood-related symptoms (p < 0.001). In terms of biomarkers, normal cognition shows median Amyloid-β at 656.0 pg/mL, MCI at 300.6 pg/mL, and dementia at 298.8 pg/mL (p < 0.001). Median P-tau levels are 36.00 pg/mL in normal cognition, 49.12 pg/mL in MCI, and 58.29 pg/mL in dementia (p < 0.001). Median T-tau levels are 241.0 pg/mL in normal cognition, 140.6 pg/mL in MCI, and 298.3 pg/mL in dementia (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the T-tau/Aβ-42 ratio increases progressively from 0.058 in the normal cognition group to 0.144 in the MCI group, and to 0.209 in the dementia group (p < 0.001). Similarly, the P-tau/Aβ-42 ratio also escalates from 0.305 in individuals with normal cognition to 0.560 in MCI, and to 0.941 in dementia (p < 0.001). The notable disparities in NPI and CSF biomarkers among normal, MCI and Alzheimer's patients underscore their diagnostic potential. Their combined assessment could greatly improve early detection and precise diagnosis of MCI and dementia, facilitating more effective and timely treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chi Hsu
- Board of Directors, Wizcare Medical Corporation Aggregate, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Ing Wang
- Center for Health Data Science, Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chun Lin
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Eric S. Lin
- Department of Economics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- EMBA/MBA/MFB/MPM/HBA Programs, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Pei Yang
- Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Wang G, Tang S, Dong Y, Zou F, Jiao J, Xiang Y. Template-controllable rolling circle amplification for dual protein sensitive analysis. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1523-1529. [PMID: 38247432 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02478d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Conjoint analysis of multiple protein biomarkers can improve the accuracy of disease analysis. Rolling circle amplification (RCA) generates different products by designing circular templates, which can subsequently bind with specific probes to generate various fluorescence signals; thus, it has potential for application in the analysis of various protein biomarkers. Current RCA approaches to detect proteins commonly follow an indirect primer-controlled RCA mode. And the molecular beacon probe combines with RCA products through free collision to generate signals, resulting in lower reaction efficiency. Herein, we propose a direct template-controlled RCA mode using nanosheets as carriers and quenchers for fluorescent probes to simultaneously detect two protein biomarkers. A dual functional magnetic bead was first designed to recognize and capture two proteins while releasing two templates for subsequent RCA. RCA products compete with probes loaded on two-dimensional metal-organic framework nanosheets for hybridization, completing the transition from single-stranded to double-stranded DNA. Double-stranded DNA is far from the nanosheets, and the recovered fluorescence signal can be used to evaluate the concentration of target proteins. This method exhibits excellent analytical performance and can successfully achieve the analysis of Tau and AβO in Alzheimer's disease clinical cerebrospinal fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Shi Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, P. R. China.
| | - Yixi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Fangbo Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Jiao
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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Xiong X, He H, Ye Q, Qian S, Zhou S, Feng F, Fang EF, Xie C. Alzheimer's disease diagnostic accuracy by fluid and neuroimaging ATN framework. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14357. [PMID: 37438991 PMCID: PMC10848089 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ATN's different modalities (fluids and neuroimaging) for each of the Aβ (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (N) elements are used for the biological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aim to identify which ATN category achieves the highest potential for diagnosis and predictive accuracy of longitudinal cognitive decline. METHODS Based on the availability of plasma ATN biomarkers (plasma-derived Aβ42/40 , p-tau181, NFL, respectively), CSF ATN biomarkers (CSF-derived Aβ42 /Aβ40 , p-tau181, NFL), and neuroimaging ATN biomarkers (18F-florbetapir (FBP) amyloid-PET, 18F-flortaucipir (FTP) tau-PET, and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET), a total of 2340 participants were selected from ADNI. RESULTS Our data analysis indicates that the area under curves (AUCs) of CSF-A, neuroimaging-T, and neuroimaging-N were ranked the top three ATN candidates for accurate diagnosis of AD. Moreover, neuroimaging ATN biomarkers display the best predictive ability for longitudinal cognitive decline among the three categories. To note, neuroimaging-T correlates well with cognitive performances in a negative correlation manner. Meanwhile, participants in the "N" element positive group, especially the CSF-N positive group, experience the fastest cognitive decline compared with other groups defined by ATN biomarkers. In addition, the voxel-wise analysis showed that CSF-A related to tau accumulation and FDG-PET indexes more strongly in subjects with MCI stage. According to our analysis of the data, the best three ATN candidates for a precise diagnosis of AD are CSF-A, neuroimaging-T, and neuroimaging-N. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggest that plasma, CSF, and neuroimaging biomarkers differ considerably within the ATN framework; the most accurate target biomarkers for diagnosing AD were the CSF-A, neuroimaging-T, and neuroimaging-N within each ATN modality. Moreover, neuroimaging-T and CSF-N both show excellent ability in the prediction of cognitive decline in two different dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xiong
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Haijun He
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Qianqian Ye
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Shuangjie Qian
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Shuoting Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular BiologyAkershus University Hospital, University of OsloLørenskogNorway
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO‐Age)OsloNorway
| | - Chenglong Xie
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory Of Alzheimer's Disease Of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
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Chen YH, Wang ZB, Liu XP, Mao ZQ. Plasma Insulin Predicts Early Amyloid-β Pathology Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:321-332. [PMID: 38848190 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), sharing similar pathophysiological traits like impaired insulin signaling. Objective To test the association between plasma insulin and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD pathology. Methods A total of 304 participants were included in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, assessing plasma insulin and CSF AD pathology. We explored the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between plasma insulin and AD pathology and compared their associations across different AD clinical and pathological stages. Results In the non-demented group, amyloid-β (Aβ)+ participants (e.g., as reflected by CSF Aβ42) exhibited significantly lower plasma insulin levels compared to non-demented Aβ-participants (p < 0.001). This reduction in plasma insulin was more evident in the A+T+ group (as shown by CSF Aβ42 and pTau181 levels) when compared to the A-T- group within the non-dementia group (p = 0.002). Additionally, higher plasma insulin levels were consistently associated with more normal CSF Aβ42 levels (p < 0.001) across all participants. This association was particularly significant in the Aβ-group (p = 0.002) and among non-demented individuals (p < 0.001). Notably, baseline plasma insulin was significantly correlated with longitudinal changes in CSF Aβ42 (p = 0.006), whereas baseline CSF Aβ42 did not show a similar correlation with changes in plasma insulin over time. Conclusions These findings suggest an association between plasma insulin and early Aβ pathology in the early stages of AD, indicating that plasma insulin may be a potential predictor of changes in early Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lee BN, Wang J, Hall MA, Kim D, Stites SD, Shen L. Sex modifies effects of imaging and CSF biomarkers on cognitive and functional outcomes: a study of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 133:67-77. [PMID: 37913627 PMCID: PMC10841593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory and functional impairments. Two of 3 patients with AD are biologically female; therefore, the biological underpinnings of this diagnosis disparity may inform interventions slowing the AD progression. To bridge this gap, we conducted analyses of 1078 male and female participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative to examine associations between levels of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)/neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive/functional outcomes. The Chow test was used to quantify sex differences by determining if biological sex affects relationships between the studied biomarkers and outcomes. Multiple magnetic resonance imaging (whole brain, entorhinal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, hippocampus), position emission tomography (AV45), and CSF (P-TAU, TAU) biomarkers were differentially associated with cognitive and functional outcomes. Post-hoc bootstrapped and association analyses confirmed these differential effects and emphasized the necessity of using separate, sex-stratified models. The studied imaging/CSF biomarkers may account for some of the sex-based variation in AD pathophysiology. The identified sex-varying relationships between CSF/imaging biomarkers and cognitive/functional outcomes warrant future biological investigation in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Molly A Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shana D Stites
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Zhang Z, Chan MY, Han L, Carreno CA, Winter-Nelson E, Wig GS. Dissociable Effects of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Cognitive Dysfunction and Aging on Functional Brain Network Segregation. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7879-7892. [PMID: 37714710 PMCID: PMC10648516 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0579-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with changes in large-scale functional brain network organization. Individuals with AD exhibit less segregated resting-state brain networks compared with individuals without dementia. However, declines in brain network segregation are also evident as adult individuals grow older. Determining whether these observations reflect unique or overlapping alterations on the functional connectome of the brain is essential for understanding the impact of AD on network organization and incorporating measures of functional brain network organization toward AD characterization. Relationships between AD dementia severity and participant's age on resting-state brain system segregation were examined in 326 cognitively healthy and 275 cognitively impaired human individuals recruited through the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (N = 601; age range, 55-96 years; 320 females). Greater dementia severity and increasing age were independently associated with lower brain system segregation. Further, dementia versus age relationships with brain network organization varied according to the processing roles of brain systems and types of network interactions. Aging was associated with alterations to association systems, primarily among within-system relationships. Conversely, dementia severity was associated with alterations that included both association systems and sensory-motor systems and was most prominent among cross-system interactions. Dementia-related network alterations were evident regardless of the presence of cortical amyloid burden, revealing that the measures of functional network organization are unique from this marker of AD-related pathology. Collectively, these observations demonstrate the specific and widespread alterations in the topological organization of large-scale brain networks that accompany AD and highlight functionally dissociable brain network vulnerabilities associated with AD-related cognitive dysfunction versus aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated cognitive dysfunction is hypothesized to be a consequence of brain network damage. It is unclear exactly how brain network alterations vary with dementia severity and whether they are distinct from alterations associated with aging. We evaluated functional brain network organization measured at rest among individuals who varied in age and dementia status. AD and aging exerted dissociable impacts on the brain's functional connectome. AD-associated brain network alterations were widespread and involved systems that subserve not only higher-order cognitive operations, but also sensory and motor operations. Notably, AD-related network alterations were independent of amyloid pathology. The research furthers our understanding of AD-related brain dysfunction and motivates refining existing frameworks of dementia characterization with measures of functional network organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Micaela Y Chan
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Liang Han
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Claudia A Carreno
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Ezra Winter-Nelson
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Gagan S Wig
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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Costoya-Sánchez A, Moscoso A, Silva-Rodríguez J, Pontecorvo MJ, Devous MD, Aguiar P, Schöll M, Grothe MJ. Increased Medial Temporal Tau Positron Emission Tomography Uptake in the Absence of Amyloid-β Positivity. JAMA Neurol 2023; 80:1051-1061. [PMID: 37578787 PMCID: PMC10425864 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Importance An increased tau positron emission tomography (PET) signal in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) has been observed in older individuals in the absence of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Little is known about the longitudinal course of this condition, and its association with Alzheimer disease (AD) remains unclear. Objective To study the pathologic and clinical course of older individuals with PET-evidenced MTL tau deposition (TMTL+) in the absence of Aβ pathology (A-), and the association of this condition with the AD continuum. Design, Setting, and Participants A multicentric, observational, longitudinal cohort study was conducted using pooled data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS), and the AVID-A05 study, collected between July 2, 2015, and August 23, 2021. Participants in the ADNI, HABS, and AVID-A05 studies (N = 1093) with varying degrees of cognitive performance were deemed eligible if they had available tau PET, Aβ PET, and magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline. Of these, 128 participants did not meet inclusion criteria based on Aβ PET and tau PET biomarker profiles (A+ TMTL-). Exposures Tau and Aβ PET, magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and cognitive assessments. Main Outcomes and Measures Cross-sectional and longitudinal measures for tau and Aβ PET, cortical atrophy, cognitive scores, and core AD cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (Aβ42/40 and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 p-tau181 available in a subset). Results Among the 965 individuals included in the study, 503 were women (52.1%) and the mean (SD) age was 73.9 (8.1) years. A total of 51% of A- individuals and 78% of A+ participants had increased tau PET signal in the entorhinal cortex (TMTL+) compared with healthy younger (aged <39 years) controls. Compared with A- TMTL-, A- TMTL+ participants showed statistically significant, albeit moderate, longitudinal (mean [SD], 1.83 [0.84] years) tau PET increases that were largely limited to the temporal lobe, whereas those with A+ TMTL+ showed faster and more cortically widespread tau PET increases. In contrast to participants with A+ TMTL+, those with A- TMTL+ did not show any noticeable Aβ accumulation over follow-up (mean [SD], 2.36 [0.76] years). Complementary cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed longitudinal p-tau181 increases in A- TMTL+ in the absence of increased Aβ accumulation. Participants with A- TMTL+ had accelerated MTL atrophy, whereas those with A+ TMTL+ showed accelerated atrophy in widespread temporoparietal brain regions. Increased MTL tau PET uptake in A- individuals was associated with cognitive decline, but at a significantly slower rate compared with A+ TMTL+. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, individuals with A- TMTL+ exhibited progressive tau accumulation and neurodegeneration, but these processes were comparably slow, remained largely restricted to the MTL, were associated with only subtle changes in global cognitive performance, and were not accompanied by detectable accumulation of Aβ biomarkers. These data suggest that individuals with A- TMTL+ are not on a pathologic trajectory toward AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Costoya-Sánchez
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Department and Molecular Imaging Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostel, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexis Moscoso
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesús Silva-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Michael J. Pontecorvo
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael D. Devous
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Pablo Aguiar
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Department and Molecular Imaging Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostel, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michel J. Grothe
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Wang ZB, Tan L, Gao PY, Ma YH, Fu Y, Sun Y, Yu JT. Associations of the A/T/N profiles in PET, CSF, and plasma biomarkers with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology at autopsy. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4421-4435. [PMID: 37506291 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine the extent to which positron emission tomography (PET)-, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-, and plasma-related amyloid-β/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) biomarkers are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology at autopsy. METHODS A total of 100 participants who respectively underwent antemortem biomarker measurements and postmortem neuropathology were included in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We examined the associations of PET-, CSF-, and plasma-related A/T/N biomarkers in combinations or alone with AD neuropathological changes (ADNC). RESULTS PET- and CSF-related A/T/N biomarkers in combination showed high concordance with the ADNC stage and alone showed high accuracy in discriminating autopsy-confirmed AD. However, the plasma-related A/T/N biomarkers alone showed better discriminative performance only when combined with apolipoprotein E (APO)E ε4 genotype. DISCUSSION This study supports that PET- and CSF-related A/T/N profiles can be used to predict accurately the stages of AD neuropathology. For diagnostic settings, PET-, CSF-, and plasma-related A/T/N biomarkers are all useful diagnostic tools to detect the presence of AD neuropathology. HIGHLIGHTS PET- and CSF-related A/T/N biomarkers in combination can accurately predict the specific stages of AD neuropathology. PET- and CSF-related A/T/N biomarkers alone may serve as a precise diagnostic tool for detecting AD neuropathology at autopsy. Plasma-related A/T/N biomarkers may need combined risk factors when used as a diagnostic tool. Aβ PET and CSF p-tau181/Aβ42 were most consistent with Aβ pathology, while tau PET and CSF p-tau181/Aβ42 were most consistent with tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Wang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei-Yang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang ZB, Tan L, Wang HF, Chen SD, Fu Y, Gao PY, Ma YH, Guo Y, Hou JH, Zhang DD, Yu JT. Differences between ante mortem Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in predicting neuropathology at autopsy. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3613-3624. [PMID: 36840620 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess whether biomarkers related to amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration can accurately predict Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology at autopsy in early and late clinical stages. METHODS We included 100 participants who had ante mortem biomarker measurements and underwent post mortem neuropathological examination. Based on ante mortem clinical diagnosis, participants were divided into non-dementia and dementia, as early or late clinical stages. RESULTS Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ)42/phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181 showed excellent performance in differentiating autopsy-confirmed AD and predicting the risk of neuropathological changes in early and late clinical stages. However, CSF Aβ42 performed better in the early clinical stage, while CSF p-tau181, CSF t-tau, and plasma p-tau181 performed better in the late clinical stage. DISCUSSION Our findings provide important clinical information that, if using PET, CSF, and plasma biomarkers to detect AD pathology, researchers must consider their differential performances at different clinical stages of AD. HIGHLIGHTS Amyloid PET and CSF Aβ42/p-tau181 were the most promising candidate biomarkers for predicting AD pathology. CSF Aβ42 can serve as a candidate predictive biomarker in the early clinical stage of AD. CSF p-tau181, CSF t-tau, and plasma p-tau181 can serve as candidate predictive biomarkers in the late clinical stage of AD. Combining APOE ε4 genotypes can significantly improve the predictive accuracy of AD-related biomarkers for AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei-Yang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Hui Hou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cai Y, Fu P, Zhang X. Association of plasma phosphor-tau181 with Aβ levels may vary by APOE ε4 status and sex among non-demented old adults. Neurosci Lett 2023; 802:137161. [PMID: 36858305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the relationship between blood tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) levels and β-amyloid (Aβ) levels, this study took the potential role of sex differences and apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 status into account. METHODS We examined 620 participants with normal cognition (n = 178) and mild cognitive impairment (n = 442). Three-way interactions between sex, APOE ε4 status, and the levels of plasma p-tau181 were examined with linear regression models for Aβ levels adjusting for age, education, and diagnosis. The correlation analysis was performed to detect the association of the levels of plasma p-tau181 with brain Aβ stratified for APOE status and sex. RESULTS Blood p-tau181 levels were higher in APOE ε4+ participants as compared to APOE ε4 - participants (p < 0.001). A comparison of APOE ε4 status within each gender showed that APOE ε4 carriers had higher levels of plasma p-tau181 and amyloid-β than APOE ε4 noncarriers in both men and women (p < 0.001). In sex/APOE-stratified analyses, individuals with the APOE ε4 allele showed stronger correlations between plasma p-tau181 and brain Aβ levels in both females (r = 0.49, p < 0.001 for APOE ε4 carriers vs r = 0.28, p < 0.001 for APOE ε4 noncarrier.) and males (r = 0.34, p < 0.001 for APOE ε4 carriers vs r = 0.21, p = 0.04 for APOE ε4 noncarriers.). In interactive analysis, the association of plasma p-tau181 and Aβ levels was significant in the female APOE ε4 carriers (p < 0.003). DISCUSSION APOE ε4 status and female sex interact to impact the correlation between plasma p-tau181 and Aβ levels. Although the APOE ε4 genotype is one of the most important risky genes for AD, sex differences may also modify the degree of risk at critical times among non-demented older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
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- Department of Neurology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
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Vermunt L, Sutphen C, Dicks E, de Leeuw DM, Allegri R, Berman SB, Cash DM, Chhatwal JP, Cruchaga C, Day G, Ewers M, Farlow M, Fox NC, Ghetti B, Graff-Radford N, Hassenstab J, Jucker M, Karch CM, Kuhle J, Laske C, Levin J, Masters CL, McDade E, Mori H, Morris JC, Perrin RJ, Preische O, Schofield PR, Suárez-Calvet M, Xiong C, Scheltens P, Teunissen CE, Visser PJ, Bateman RJ, Benzinger TLS, Fagan AM, Gordon BA, Tijms BM. Axonal damage and astrocytosis are biological correlates of grey matter network integrity loss: a cohort study in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.21.23287468. [PMID: 37016671 PMCID: PMC10071836 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.21.23287468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain development and maturation leads to grey matter networks that can be measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Network integrity is an indicator of information processing capacity which declines in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD). The biological mechanisms causing this loss of network integrity remain unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein biomarkers are available for studying diverse pathological mechanisms in humans and can provide insight into decline. We investigated the relationships between 10 CSF proteins and network integrity in mutation carriers (N=219) and noncarriers (N=136) of the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Observational study. Abnormalities in Aβ, Tau, synaptic (SNAP-25, neurogranin) and neuronal calcium-sensor protein (VILIP-1) preceded grey matter network disruptions by several years, while inflammation related (YKL-40) and axonal injury (NfL) abnormalities co-occurred and correlated with network integrity. This suggests that axonal loss and inflammation play a role in structural grey matter network changes. Key points Abnormal levels of fluid markers for neuronal damage and inflammatory processes in CSF are associated with grey matter network disruptions.The strongest association was with NfL, suggesting that axonal loss may contribute to disrupted network organization as observed in AD.Tracking biomarker trajectories over the disease course, changes in CSF biomarkers generally precede changes in brain networks by several years.
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Abstract
This paper reviews methods for detecting proteins based on molecular digitization, i.e., the isolation and detection of single protein molecules or singulated ensembles of protein molecules. The single molecule resolution of these methods has resulted in significant improvements in the sensitivity of immunoassays beyond what was possible using traditional "analog" methods: the sensitivity of some digital immunoassays approach those of methods for measuring nucleic acids, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The greater sensitivity of digital protein detection has resulted in immuno-diagnostics with high potential societal impact, e.g., the early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of Alzheimer's Disease. In this review, we will first provide the motivation for developing digital protein detection methods given the limitations in the sensitivity of analog methods. We will describe the paradigm shift catalyzed by single molecule detection, and will describe in detail one digital approach - which we call digital bead assays (DBA) - based on the capture and labeling of proteins on beads, identifying "on" and "off" beads, and quantification using Poisson statistics. DBA based on the single molecule array (Simoa) technology have sensitivities down to attomolar concentrations, equating to ∼10 proteins in a 200 μL sample. We will describe the concept behind DBA, the different single molecule labels used, the ways of analyzing beads (imaging of arrays and flow), the binding reagents and substrates used, and integration of these technologies into fully automated and miniaturized systems. We provide an overview of emerging approaches to digital protein detection, including those based on digital detection of nucleic acids labels, single nanoparticle detection, measurements using nanopores, and methods that exploit the kinetics of single molecule binding. We outline the initial impact of digital protein detection on clinical measurements, highlighting the importance of customized assay development and translational clinical research. We highlight the use of DBA in the measurement of neurological protein biomarkers in blood, and how these higher sensitivity methods are changing the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. We conclude by summarizing the status of digital protein detection and suggest how the lab-on-a-chip community might drive future innovations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Duffy
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
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17
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Tian C, Stewart T, Hong Z, Guo Z, Aro P, Soltys D, Pan C, Peskind ER, Zabetian CP, Shaw LM, Galasko D, Quinn JF, Shi M, Zhang J. Blood extracellular vesicles carrying synaptic function- and brain-related proteins as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:909-923. [PMID: 35779041 PMCID: PMC9806186 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Objective and accessible markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias are critically needed. METHODS We identified NMDAR2A, a protein related to synaptic function, as a novel marker of central nervous system (CNS)-derived plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) and developed a flow cytometry-based technology for detecting such plasma EVs readily. The assay was initially tested in our local cross-sectional study to distinguish AD patients from healthy controls (HCs) or from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, followed by a validation study using an independent cohort collected from multiple medical centers (the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative). Cerebrospinal fluid AD molecular signature was used to confirm diagnoses of all AD participants. RESULTS Likely CNS-derived EVs in plasma were significantly reduced in AD compared to HCs in both cohorts. Integrative models including CNS-derived EV markers and AD markers present on EVs reached area under the curve of 0.915 in discovery cohort and 0.810 in validation cohort. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated that robust and rapid analysis of individual neuron-derived synaptic function-related EVs in peripheral blood may serve as a helpful marker of synaptic dysfunction in AD and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tian
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tessandra Stewart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Patrick Aro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Soltys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Pan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Northwest (VISN-20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cyrus P. Zabetian
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
- National Health and Disease Human Brain Tissue Resource Center, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Wang S, Ke S, Liu S, Wang E, Pan T. APOE ε4 status and plasma p-tau181 interact to influence cognitive performance among non-demented older adults. Neurosci Lett 2023; 796:137052. [PMID: 36608927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships among plasma p-tau181, APOE ε4, and cognitive performance in non-demented elderly individuals. METHODS We used individuals (n = 630) with cognitive normal (CN, n = 182) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 448). Multiple linear regression models were performed to test the effects of APOE ε4 × plasma p-tau181 interaction on MMSE, CDR-SOB, ADAS-cog13, and RAVLT immediate recall. All models adjusted for age, sex, and education. RESULTS In total, our study comprised 630 samples including 364 APOE ε4 non-carriers and 266 APOE ε4 carriers. In APOE ε4 carriers, plasma p-tau181 was significantly associated with MMSE (B = -0.04, p = 0.003), ADAS-Cog13 (B [unstandardized coefficient] = 0.21, p < 0.001), CDR-SB (B = 0.02, p = 0.003) and RAVLT immediate recall ((B = -0.17, p = 0.035). After correcting for Aβ status and diagnosis, the interaction between APOE ε4 and plasma p-tau181 was significant or marginally significant associations for RAVLT immediate recall (p = 0.076), MMSE (p = 0.011), CDR (p = 0.008), and ADAS-Cog13 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that plasma p-tau181 levels predicted cognitive performance among non-demented older adults, but only in the APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Shaofa Ke
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Suzhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - En Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Tengwei Pan
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, China.
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19
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Wang S, Liu S, Ke S, Zhou W, Pan T. APOEɛ4 Status and Plasma p-tau181 Levels May Influence Memory and Executive Function Decline in Older Adults Without Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1509-1518. [PMID: 37718807 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated tau phosphorylation has been linked to the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele, which is considered one of the most significant genes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is uncertain whether the impact of increased plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) on memory and executive function decline would be greater among APOEɛ4 carriers. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of plasma p-tau181 and APOEɛ4 on memory and executive function. METHODS The longitudinal analysis included 608 older adults without dementia (aged 72±7 years; 47% female; follow-up period of 1.59±1.47 years) from the ADNI dataset, including 180 individuals with normal cognition and 429 individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Linear mixed-effects models were utilized to assess the contributions of APOEɛ4 status and plasma p-tau181 to longitudinal changes in memory composite score and executive function composite score. RESULTS At baseline, the APOEɛ4+/Tau+ group exhibited poorer performance in memory composite score and executive function composite score, and an elevated load of cerebrospinal fluid Aβ and tau pathologies. To further understand longitudinal changes, we compared groups directly based on plasma p-tau181 and APOEɛ4 status (four groups: APOEɛ4-/Tau-, APOEɛ4-/Tau+, APOEɛ4+/Tau-, APOEɛ4+/Tau+). Both the memory composite score and executive function composite score showed a significantly greater decline in the APOEɛ4+/Tau+ group than in all other groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that there is an interaction between plasma p-tau181 levels and APOEɛ4 status, which contributes to the longitudinal changes of memory and executive function in older adults without dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Suzhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Shaofa Ke
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Research and Development, Hangzhou Shansier Medical Technologies Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Tengwei Pan
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
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20
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Huguenard CJC, Cseresznye A, Evans JE, Darcey T, Nkiliza A, Keegan AP, Luis C, Bennett DA, Arvanitakis Z, Yassine HN, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. APOE ε4 and Alzheimer's disease diagnosis associated differences in L-carnitine, GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines in blood and brain. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103362. [PMID: 36436355 PMCID: PMC10066735 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, involved in fatty acid (FA) metabolism, is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examined the influence of APOE genotypes on blood and brain markers of the L-carnitine system, necessary for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and their collective influence on the clinical and pathological outcomes of AD. METHODS L-carnitine, its metabolites γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) and trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO), and its esters (acylcarnitines) were analyzed in blood from predominantly White community/clinic-based individuals (n = 372) and in plasma and brain from the Religious Order Study (ROS) (n = 79) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). FINDINGS Relative to total blood acylcarnitines, levels of short chain acylcarnitines (SCAs) were higher whereas long chain acylcarnitines (LCAs) were lower in AD, which was observed pre-clinically in APOE ε4s. Plasma medium chain acylcarnitines (MCAs) were higher amongst cognitively healthy APOE ε2 carriers relative to other genotypes. Compared to their respective controls, elevated TMAO and lower L-carnitine and GBB were associated with AD clinical diagnosis and these differences were detected preclinically among APOE ε4 carriers. Plasma and brain GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines were also associated with post-mortem brain amyloid, tau, and cerebrovascular pathologies. INTERPRETATION Alterations in blood L-carnitine, GBB, TMAO, and acylcarnitines occur early in clinical AD progression and are influenced by APOE genotype. These changes correlate with post-mortem brain AD and cerebrovascular pathologies. Additional studies are required to better understand the role of the FAO disturbances in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J C Huguenard
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - James E Evans
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Aurore Nkiliza
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Cheryl Luis
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Ave, Sarasota, FL, USA; Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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21
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Moscoso A, Karikari TK, Grothe MJ, Ashton NJ, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Snellman A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Schöll M. CSF biomarkers and plasma p-tau181 as predictors of longitudinal tau accumulation: Implications for clinical trial design. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2614-2626. [PMID: 35226405 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical trials targeting tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) need to recruit individuals at risk of tau accumulation. Here, we studied cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181 as predictors of tau accumulation on positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate implications for trial designs. METHODS We included older individuals who had serial tau-PET scans, baseline amyloid beta (Aβ)-PET, and baseline CSF biomarkers (n = 163) or plasma p-tau181 (n = 74). We studied fluid biomarker associations with tau accumulation and estimated trial sample sizes and screening failure reductions by implementing these markers into participant selection for trials. RESULTS P-tau181 in CSF and plasma predicted tau accumulation (r > 0.36, P < .001), even in AD-continuum individuals with normal baseline tau-PET (A+T-; r > 0.37, P < .05). Recruitment based on CSF biomarkers yielded comparable sample sizes to Aβ-PET. Prescreening with plasma p-tau181 reduced up to ≈50% of screening failures. DISCUSSION Clinical trials testing tau-targeting therapies may benefit from using fluid biomarkers to recruit individuals at risk of tau aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Moscoso
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michel J Grothe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Michael Schöll
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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22
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McKenzie C, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Bourgeat P, Salvado O, Gavett BE. Residual reserve index modifies the effect of amyloid pathology on fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism: Implications for efficiency and capacity in cognitive reserve. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:943823. [PMID: 36034126 PMCID: PMC9413056 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.943823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The residual approach to measuring cognitive reserve (using the residual reserve index) aims to capture cognitive resilience conferred by cognitive reserve, but may be confounded by factors representing brain resilience. We sought to distinguish between brain and cognitive resilience by comparing interactions between the residual reserve index and amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration [“AT(N)”] biomarkers when predicting executive function. We hypothesized that the residual reserve index would moderate at least one path from an AT(N) biomarker to executive function (consistent with cognitive resilience), as opposed to moderating a path between two AT(N) biomarkers (suggestive of brain resilience). Methods Participants (N = 332) were from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The residual reserve index represented the difference between observed and predicted memory performance (a positive residual reserve index suggests higher cognitive reserve). AT(N) biomarkers were: CSF β-amyloid1–42/β-amyloid1–40 (A), plasma phosphorylated tau-181 (T), and FDG metabolism in AD-specific regions ([N]). AT(N) biomarkers (measured at consecutive time points) were entered in a sequential mediation model testing the indirect effects from baseline amyloid to executive function intercept (third annual follow-up) and slope (baseline to seventh follow-up), via tau and/or FDG metabolism. The baseline residual reserve index was entered as a moderator of paths between AT(N) biomarkers (e.g., amyloid-tau), and paths between AT(N) biomarkers and executive function. Results The residual reserve index interacted with amyloid pathology when predicting FDG metabolism: the indirect effect of amyloid → FDG metabolism → executive function intercept and slope varied as a function of the residual reserve index. With lower amyloid pathology, executive function performance was comparable at different levels of the residual reserve index, but a higher residual reserve index was associated with lower FDG metabolism. With higher amyloid pathology, a higher residual reserve index predicted better executive function via higher FDG metabolism. Conclusion The effect of the residual reserve index on executive function performance via FDG metabolism was consistent with cognitive resilience. This suggests the residual reserve index captures variation in cognitive reserve; specifically, neural efficiency, and neural capacity to upregulate metabolism to enhance cognitive resilience in the face of greater amyloid pathology. Implications for future research include the potential bidirectionality between neural efficiency and amyloid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn McKenzie
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Cathryn McKenzie,
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Olivier Salvado
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brandon E. Gavett
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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23
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Salehipour A, Bagheri M, Sabahi M, Dolatshahi M, Boche D. Combination Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Is It Time? J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1433-1449. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia globally. There is increasing evidence showing AD has no single pathogenic mechanism, and thus treatment approaches focusing only on one mechanism are unlikely to be meaningfully effective. With only one potentially disease modifying treatment approved, targeting amyloid-β (Aβ), AD is underserved regarding effective drug treatments. Combining multiple drugs or designing treatments that target multiple pathways could be an effective therapeutic approach. Considering the distinction between added and combination therapies, one can conclude that most trials fall under the category of added therapies. For combination therapy to have an actual impact on the course of AD, it is likely necessary to target multiple mechanisms including but not limited to Aβ and tau pathology. Several challenges have to be addressed regarding combination therapy, including choosing the correct agents, the best time and stage of AD to intervene, designing and providing proper protocols for clinical trials. This can be achieved by a cooperation between the pharmaceutical industry, academia, private research centers, philanthropic institutions, and the regulatory bodies. Based on all the available information, the success of combination therapy to tackle complicated disorders such as cancer, and the blueprint already laid out on how to implement combination therapy and overcome its challenges, an argument can be made that the field has to move cautiously but quickly toward designing new clinical trials, further exploring the pathological mechanisms of AD, and re-examining the previous studies with combination therapies so that effective treatments for AD may be finally found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salehipour
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Bagheri
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
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24
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Mankhong S, Kim S, Lee S, Kwak HB, Park DH, Joa KL, Kang JH. Development of Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers: From CSF- to Blood-Based Biomarkers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040850. [PMID: 35453600 PMCID: PMC9025524 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 115 years since the discovery of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), our knowledge, diagnosis, and therapeutics have significantly improved. Biomarkers are the primary tools for clinical research, diagnostics, and therapeutic monitoring in clinical trials. They provide much insightful information, and while they are not clinically used routinely, they help us to understand the mechanisms of this disease. This review charts the journey of AD biomarker discovery and development from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ42), total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers and imaging technologies to the next generation of biomarkers. We also discuss advanced high-sensitivity assay platforms for CSF Aβ42, T-tau, p-tau, and blood analysis. The recently proposed Aβ deposition/tau biomarker/neurodegeneration or neuronal injury (ATN) scheme might facilitate the definition of the biological status underpinning AD and offer a common language among researchers across biochemical biomarkers and imaging. Moreover, we highlight blood-based biomarkers for AD that offer a scalable alternative to CSF biomarkers through cost-saving and reduced invasiveness, and may provide an understanding of disease initiation and development. We discuss different groups of blood-based biomarker candidates, their advantages and limitations, and paths forward, from identification and analysis to clinical validation. The development of valid blood-based biomarkers may facilitate the implementation of future AD therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakulrat Mankhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.)
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Seongju Lee
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kyung-Lim Joa
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.)
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.L.); (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-9872
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25
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Tsiknia AA, Edland SD, Sundermann EE, Reas ET, Brewer JB, Galasko D, Banks SJ. Sex differences in plasma p-tau181 associations with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, cognitive decline, and clinical progression. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4314-4322. [PMID: 35768637 PMCID: PMC9718670 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that women on the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum have more pathological tau in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), than men. Some studies have found that higher levels of tau biomarkers are more strongly associated with clinical AD, cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in women than in men. Despite major developments in the use of plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) as an AD biomarker, it is unknown whether these sex differences apply to plasma p-tau181. In 1060 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants (47% women, 73.8 ± 7.6 years old), we examined sex differences in plasma p-tau181 levels and their association with other biomarkers, cognitive decline and incident AD. Linear regressions tested for an effect of sex on plasma p-tau181 levels and for plasma p-tau181 × sex interactions on CSF p-tau181, as well as entorhinal cortex tau, cortical amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, and brain glucose metabolism, quantified using PET imaging. Linear mixed effects models tested for a sex × baseline plasma p-tau181 interaction on change in cognition over time. Finally, Cox models tested for a sex × plasma p-tau181 interaction on the risk of AD dementia in participants who were free of dementia at baseline. Despite similar plasma p-tau181 levels between sexes, women had lower brain glucose metabolism, greater brain Aβ and entorhinal cortex tau deposition, higher CSF p-tau181 and faster cognitive decline in relation to higher baseline plasma p-tau181 levels compared with men. Among Aβ positive, dementia-free participants, women had higher rates of incident AD dementia associated with increasing baseline plasma p-tau181 levels, relative to men. Our results suggest that sex may impact the clinical interpretation of plasma p-tau181 concentrations. If replicated, these findings could have important implications for the use of plasma p-tau181 as an accessible AD biomarker and screening tool for preventive and therapeutic clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaryllis A. Tsiknia
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Steven D. Edland
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Erin E. Sundermann
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161 USA
| | - Emilie T. Reas
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - James B. Brewer
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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26
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Weber CJ, Carrillo MC, Jagust W, Jack CR, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Saykin AJ, Beckett LA, Sur C, Rao NP, Mendez PC, Black SE, Li K, Iwatsubo T, Chang C, Sosa AL, Rowe CC, Perrin RJ, Morris JC, Healan AM, Hall SE, Weiner MW. The Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: ADNI-3 updates and global perspectives. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12226. [PMID: 35005206 PMCID: PMC8719344 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (WW-ADNI) is a collaborative effort to investigate imaging and biofluid markers that can inform Alzheimer's disease treatment trials. It is a public-private partnership that spans North America, Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, and Taiwan. In 2004, ADNI researchers began a naturalistic, longitudinal study that continues today around the globe. Through several successive phases (ADNI-1, ADNI-GO, ADNI-2, and ADNI-3), the study has fueled amyloid and tau phenotyping and refined neuroimaging methodologies. WW-ADNI researchers have successfully standardized analyses and openly share data without embargo, providing a rich data set for other investigators. On August 26, 2020, the Alzheimer's Association convened WW-ADNI researchers who shared updates from ADNI-3 and their vision for ADNI-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Jagust
- School of Public Health and Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of MedicineInstitute on AgingPerelman School of MedicineAlzheimer's Disease Core Center, Perelman School of MedicineUdall Parkinson's Research CenterPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterDepartment of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Laurel A. Beckett
- Division of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cyrille Sur
- Merck Research LaboratoriesMerckKenilworthNew JerseyUSA
| | - Naren P. Rao
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | | | - Sandra E. Black
- Department of Medicine (Neurology)Hurvitz Brain Sciences ProgramCanadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, and LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research ProgramSunnybrook Research InstituteSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of RadiologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of NeuropathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Chiung‐Chih Chang
- Department of General Neurology and Institute for Translational Research in BiomedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ana Luisa Sosa
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Christopher C. Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and TherapyAustin Health and Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research CenterDepartment of Pathology and ImmunologyDepartment of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - John C. Morris
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research CenterDepartment of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | | | - Michael W. Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Han HF, Yen HC, Wu HC, Tan HY, Xu W, Jiang HS, Tsai PJ, Qian K, Wu YC, Chen CC. Ultrasensitive Detection of Alzheimer's Amyloids on a Plasmonic-Gold Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57036-57042. [PMID: 34843217 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
More than 55 million people live with dementia worldwide in 2021, and there are nearly 10 million new cases every year. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Despite urgent need, early detection of AD and long-term monitoring of AD progression have been challenging. This is due to the limited availability of brain imaging facilities and the highly invasive procedure with the cerebrospinal fluid assay to assess the level of AD biomarkers, such as beta-amyloid (Aβ). Reliable measurements of AD biomarkers in blood samples are still difficult because of their very low abundance. Here, we develop a rapid, specific, and ultrasensitive immunoassay using plasmonic-gold nanoisland (pGOLD) chips with near-infrared fluorescence-enhanced detection for Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. We show step-by-step processes and results during the platform establishment, including antibody specificity and sensitivity tests, antibody pair examination, condition optimization, and procedure refinement. Finally, we demonstrate the platform performance with detection sensitivity at the subpicogram per milliliter level. This platform, therefore, has a great application potential for early detection of AD using blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fen Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Yen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Chest Hospital and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hang-Shiang Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Jui Tsai
- Department of Orthopedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Chest Hospital and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yi-Chun Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait: an exploratory analysis. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:105. [PMID: 34845234 PMCID: PMC8629994 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore the association between three Alzheimer’s disease-related and ten inflammation-related CSF markers and freezing of gait (FOG) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The study population includes PD patients with FOG (PD-FOG, N = 12), without FOG (PD-NoFOG, N = 19), and healthy controls (HC, N = 12). Age and PD duration are not significantly different between groups. After adjusting for covariates and multiple comparisons, the anti-inflammatory marker, fractalkine, is significantly decreased in the PD groups compared to HC (P = 0.002), and further decreased in PD-FOG compared to PD-NoFOG (P = 0.007). The Alzheimer’s disease-related protein, Aβ42, is increased in PD-FOG compared to PD-NoFOG and HC (P = 0.001). Group differences obtained in individual biomarker analyses are confirmed with multivariate discriminant partial least squares regression (P < 0.001). High levels of Aβ42 in PD-FOG patients supports an increase over time from early to advanced state. Low levels of fractalkine might suggest anti-inflammatory effect. These findings warrant replication.
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Ibarra R, Radanovic M, Pais MV, Talib LL, Forlenza OV. AD-Related CSF Biomarkers Across Distinct Levels of Cognitive Impairment: Correlations With Global Cognitive State. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2021; 34:659-667. [PMID: 32757819 DOI: 10.1177/0891988720944237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Associations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the severity of cognitive impairment are unclear. We examined the correlations between CSF biomarkers and cognitive performance in the AD continuum. METHODS We studied 143 elderly patients: cognitively unimpaired (n = 51), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) amnestic (n = 55) and nonamnestic (n = 20), and mild AD (n = 17) assessed with the Cambridge Cognitive Test (CAMCOG). We correlated total CAMCOG and its subdomains with CSF Aβ42, T-tau, p-tau levels, and Aβ42/p-tau. RESULTS In the total sample, T-tau and Aβ42/p-tau correlated with the total CAMCOG (P < .01); all biomarkers correlated with memory (P < .001); T-tau correlated with language (P < .01). CONCLUSION Memory and T-tau levels may be the most suitable parameters to reflect cognitive/CSF biomarker correlations. At present, such correlations are of little use in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romel Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Radanovic
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos V Pais
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leda L Talib
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orestes V Forlenza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Grothe MJ, Moscoso A, Ashton NJ, Karikari TK, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Snellman A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Schöll M. Associations of Fully Automated CSF and Novel Plasma Biomarkers With Alzheimer Disease Neuropathology at Autopsy. Neurology 2021; 97:e1229-e1242. [PMID: 34266917 PMCID: PMC8480485 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) analyzed by fully automated Elecsys immunoassays compared to neuropathologic gold standards and to compare their accuracy to plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau181) measured with a novel single molecule array method. METHODS We studied antemortem Elecsys-derived CSF biomarkers in 45 individuals who underwent standardized postmortem assessments of AD and non-AD neuropathologic changes at autopsy. In a subset of 26 participants, we also analyzed antemortem levels of plasma p-tau181 and neurofilament light (NfL). Reference biomarker values were obtained from 146 amyloid-PET-negative healthy controls (HC). RESULTS All CSF biomarkers clearly distinguished pathology-confirmed AD dementia (n = 27) from HC (area under the curve [AUC] 0.86-1.00). CSF total tau (t-tau), p-tau181, and their ratios with β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42) also accurately distinguished pathology-confirmed AD from non-AD dementia (n = 8; AUC 0.94-0.97). In pathology-specific analyses, intermediate to high Thal amyloid phases were best detected by CSF Aβ1-42 (AUC [95% confidence interval] 0.91 [0.81-1]), while intermediate to high scores for Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuritic plaques and Braak tau stages were best detected by CSF p-tau181 (AUC 0.89 [0.79-0.99] and 0.88 [0.77-0.99], respectively). Optimal Elecsys biomarker cutoffs were derived at 1,097, 229, and 19 pg/mL for Aβ1-42, t-tau, and p-tau181. In the plasma subsample, both plasma p-tau181 (AUC 0.91 [0.86-0.96]) and NfL (AUC 0.93 [0.87-0.99]) accurately distinguished those with pathology-confirmed AD (n = 14) from HC. However, only p-tau181 distinguished AD from non-AD dementia cases (n = 4; AUC 0.96 [0.88-1.00]) and showed a similar, although weaker, pathologic specificity for neuritic plaques (AUC 0.75 [0.52-0.98]) and Braak stage (AUC 0.71 [0.44-0.98]) as CSF p-tau181. CONCLUSION Elecsys-derived CSF biomarkers detect AD neuropathologic changes with very high discriminative accuracy in vivo. Preliminary findings support the use of plasma p-tau181 as an easily accessible and scalable biomarker of AD pathology. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that fully automated CSF t-tau and p-tau181 measurements discriminate between autopsy-confirmed AD and other dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel J Grothe
- From the Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., T.K.K., J.L.-R., A.S., H.Z., K.B., M.S.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., M.S.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation (N.J.A.), London, UK; Turku PET Centre (A.S.), University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z., M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK.
| | - Alexis Moscoso
- From the Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., T.K.K., J.L.-R., A.S., H.Z., K.B., M.S.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., M.S.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation (N.J.A.), London, UK; Turku PET Centre (A.S.), University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z., M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- From the Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., T.K.K., J.L.-R., A.S., H.Z., K.B., M.S.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., M.S.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation (N.J.A.), London, UK; Turku PET Centre (A.S.), University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z., M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- From the Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., T.K.K., J.L.-R., A.S., H.Z., K.B., M.S.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., M.S.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation (N.J.A.), London, UK; Turku PET Centre (A.S.), University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z., M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- From the Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., T.K.K., J.L.-R., A.S., H.Z., K.B., M.S.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., M.S.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation (N.J.A.), London, UK; Turku PET Centre (A.S.), University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z., M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Anniina Snellman
- From the Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., T.K.K., J.L.-R., A.S., H.Z., K.B., M.S.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., M.S.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation (N.J.A.), London, UK; Turku PET Centre (A.S.), University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z., M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- From the Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., T.K.K., J.L.-R., A.S., H.Z., K.B., M.S.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., M.S.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation (N.J.A.), London, UK; Turku PET Centre (A.S.), University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z., M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- From the Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., T.K.K., J.L.-R., A.S., H.Z., K.B., M.S.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., M.S.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation (N.J.A.), London, UK; Turku PET Centre (A.S.), University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z., M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK
| | - Michael Schöll
- From the Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (M.J.G.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., T.K.K., J.L.-R., A.S., H.Z., K.B., M.S.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (M.J.G., A.M., N.J.A., M.S.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London (N.J.A.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation (N.J.A.), London, UK; Turku PET Centre (A.S.), University of Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z., M.S.), UCL Institute of Neurology; and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London, UK.
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Are Parkinson's Disease Patients the Ideal Preclinical Population for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics? J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090834. [PMID: 34575610 PMCID: PMC8472048 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Concomitant neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are common in the brains of people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, AD biomarkers are associated with cognitive decline and dementia in PD patients during life. Here, we highlight the considerable overlap between AD and PD, emphasizing neuropathological, biomarker, and mechanistic studies. We suggest that precision medicine approaches may successfully identify PD patients most likely to develop concomitant AD. The ability to identify PD patients at high risk for future concomitant AD in turn provides an ideal cohort for trials of AD-directed therapies in PD patients, aimed at delaying or preventing cognitive symptoms.
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Risacher SL, West JD, Deardorff R, Gao S, Farlow MR, Brosch JR, Apostolova LG, McAllister TW, Wu Y, Jagust WJ, Landau SM, Weiner MW, Saykin AJ. Head injury is associated with tau deposition on PET in MCI and AD patients. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12230. [PMID: 34466653 PMCID: PMC8383323 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head injuries (HI) are a risk factor for dementia, but the underlying etiology is not fully known. Understanding whether tau might mediate this relationship is important. METHODS Cognition and tau deposition were compared between 752 individuals with (impaired, n = 302) or without cognitive impairment (CN, n = 450) with amyloid and [18F]flortaucipir positron emission tomography, HI history information, and cognitive testing from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the Indiana Memory and Aging Study. RESULTS Sixty-three (38 CN, 25 impaired) reported a history of HI. Higher neuropsychiatric scores and poorer memory were observed in those with a history of HI. Tau was higher in individuals with a history of HI, especially those who experienced a loss of consciousness (LOC). Results were driven by impaired individuals, especially amyloid beta-positive individuals with history of HI with LOC. DISCUSSION These findings suggest biological changes, such as greater tau, are associated with HI in individuals with cognitive impairment. Small effect sizes were observed; thus, further studies should replicate and extend these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - John D. West
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Rachael Deardorff
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Martin R. Farlow
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Jared R. Brosch
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Liana G. Apostolova
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Thomas W. McAllister
- Department of PsychiatryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Yu‐Chien Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - William J. Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Susan M. Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Departments of RadiologyMedicine and PsychiatryUniversity of California‐San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Qu Y, Ma YH, Huang YY, Ou YN, Shen XN, Chen SD, Dong Q, Tan L, Yu JT. Blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:479-486. [PMID: 34245759 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology as tools for screening the general population is essential, but persists controversies. We aimed to evaluate the effects of AD core pathological biomarkers on blood, and systematical searched Embase, PubMed and Cochrane for eligible studies. Biomarker performance was rated by random-effects meta-analysis based on the ratio of means method and multivariable-adjusted effect estimates. Finally, 150 articles were included, which demonstrated T-tau (average ratio: 1.25-1.62), P-tau 181 (1.36-2.16) and NfL (1.24-1.86) were increased, and AβPPr (0.65-0.88) were decreased from controls to amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to AD. Furthermore, Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and P-tau 217 using ultrasensitive platforms also had great diagnostic accuracy from controls to aMCI to AD. Consequently, significantly changes of blood AD core biomarkers were verified in comparison between AD, aMCI and control, supporting biomarkers were strongly valid in identifying AD and aMCI, which provides a new prospect of AD early diagnosis and progressive monitoring. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020191927.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Hays CC, Zlatar ZZ, Meloy MJ, Osuna J, Liu TT, Galasko DR, Wierenga CE. Anterior Cingulate Structure and Perfusion is Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau among Cognitively Normal Older Adult APOEɛ4 Carriers. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:87-101. [PMID: 31743999 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests the ɛ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene may accelerate an age-related process of cortical thickening and cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Although the neural basis of this association remains unclear, evidence suggests it might reflect early neurodegenerative processes. However, to date, associations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neurodegeneration, such as CSF tau, and APOE-related alterations in ACC cortical thickness (CTH) and CBF have yet to be explored. The current study explored the interaction of CSF tau and APOE genotype (ɛ4+, ɛ4-) on FreeSurfer-derived CTH and arterial spin labeling MRI-measured resting CBF in the ACC (caudal ACC [cACC] and rostral ACC [rACC]) among a sample of 45 cognitively normal older adults. Secondary analyses also examined associations between APOE, CTH/CBF, and cognitive performance. In the cACC, higher CSF tau was associated with higher CTH and lower CBF in ɛ4+, whereas these relationships were not evident in ɛ4-. In the rACC, higher CSF tau was associated with higher CTH for both ɛ4+ and ɛ4-, and with lower CBF only in ɛ4+. Significant interactions of CSF tau and APOE on CTH/CBF were not observed in two posterior reference regions implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Secondary analyses revealed a negative relationship between cACC CTH and executive functioning in ɛ4+ and a positive relationship in ɛ4-. Findings suggest the presence of an ɛ4-related pattern of increased CTH and reduced CBF in the ACC that is associated with biomarkers of neurodegeneration and subtle decrements in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea C Hays
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zvinka Z Zlatar
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M J Meloy
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Osuna
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas T Liu
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christina E Wierenga
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
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Moscoso A, Grothe MJ, Ashton NJ, Karikari TK, Rodriguez JL, Snellman A, Suárez-Calvet M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Schöll M. Time course of phosphorylated-tau181 in blood across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Brain 2021; 144:325-339. [PMID: 33257949 PMCID: PMC7880671 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) measured in blood plasma has recently been proposed as an accessible, scalable, and highly specific biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease. Longitudinal studies, however, investigating the temporal dynamics of this novel biomarker are lacking. It is therefore unclear when in the disease process plasma p-tau181 increases above physiological levels and how it relates to the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimer’s disease characteristic pathologies. We aimed to establish the natural time course of plasma p-tau181 across the sporadic Alzheimer’s disease spectrum in comparison to those of established imaging and fluid-derived biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease. We examined longitudinal data from a large prospective cohort of elderly individuals enrolled in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (n = 1067) covering a wide clinical spectrum from normal cognition to dementia, and with measures of plasma p-tau181 and an 18F-florbetapir amyloid-β PET scan at baseline. A subset of participants (n = 864) also had measures of amyloid-β1–42 and p-tau181 levels in CSF, and another subset (n = 298) had undergone an 18F-flortaucipir tau PET scan 6 years later. We performed brain-wide analyses to investigate the associations of plasma p-tau181 baseline levels and longitudinal change with progression of regional amyloid-β pathology and tau burden 6 years later, and estimated the time course of changes in plasma p-tau181 and other Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers using a previously developed method for the construction of long-term biomarker temporal trajectories using shorter-term longitudinal data. Smoothing splines demonstrated that earliest plasma p-tau181 changes occurred even before amyloid-β markers reached abnormal levels, with greater rates of change correlating with increased amyloid-β pathology. Voxel-wise PET analyses yielded relatively weak, yet significant, associations of plasma p-tau181 with amyloid-β pathology in early accumulating brain regions in cognitively healthy individuals, while the strongest associations with amyloid-β were observed in late accumulating regions in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Cross-sectional and particularly longitudinal measures of plasma p-tau181 were associated with widespread cortical tau aggregation 6 years later, covering temporoparietal regions typical for neurofibrillary tangle distribution in Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, we estimated that plasma p-tau181 reaches abnormal levels ∼6.5 and 5.7 years after CSF and PET measures of amyloid-β, respectively, following similar dynamics as CSF p-tau181. Our findings suggest that plasma p-tau181 increases are associated with the presence of widespread cortical amyloid-β pathology and with prospective Alzheimer’s disease typical tau aggregation, providing clear implications for the use of this novel blood biomarker as a diagnostic and screening tool for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Moscoso
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michel J Grothe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juan Lantero Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Michael Schöll
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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Use of Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in A Tertiary Care Memory Clinic. Can J Neurol Sci 2021; 49:203-209. [PMID: 33845924 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2021.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are promising tools to help identify the underlying pathology of neurocognitive disorders. In this manuscript, we report our experience with AD CSF biomarkers in 262 consecutive patients in a tertiary care memory clinic. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 262 consecutive patients who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) and CSF measurement of AD biomarkers (Aβ1-42, total tau or t-tau, and p-tau181). We studied the safety of the procedure and its impact on patient's diagnosis and management. RESULTS The LP allowed to identify underlying AD pathology in 72 of the 121 patients (59%) with early onset amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) with a high probability of progression to AD; to distinguish the behavioral/dysexecutive variant of AD from the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) in 25 of the 45 patients (55%) with an atypical neurobehavioral profile; to identify AD as the underlying pathology in 15 of the 27 patients (55%) with atypical or unclassifiable primary progressive aphasia (PPA); and to distinguish AD from other disorders in 9 of the 29 patients (31%) with psychiatric differential diagnoses and 19 of the 40 patients (47%) with lesional differential diagnoses (normal pressure hydrocephalus, encephalitis, prion disease, etc.). No major complications occurred following the LP. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that CSF analysis is a safe and effective diagnostic tool in select patients with neurocognitive disorders. We advocate for a wider use of this biomarker in tertiary care memory clinics in Canada.
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Moscoso A, Grothe MJ, Ashton NJ, Karikari TK, Lantero Rodríguez J, Snellman A, Suárez-Calvet M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Schöll M. Longitudinal Associations of Blood Phosphorylated Tau181 and Neurofilament Light Chain With Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:396-406. [PMID: 33427873 PMCID: PMC7802009 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Question What is the potential of blood-based biomarkers for predicting and monitoring the progression of Alzheimer disease neurodegeneration? Findings In this cohort study that included 1113 participants from the multicentric Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study, baseline and longitudinal increases of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) in blood plasma were associated with progressive, longitudinal neurodegeneration in brain regions characteristic for Alzheimer disease, as well as with cognitive decline, only among participants with elevated brain amyloid-β. Neurofilament light chain in plasma, however, was associated with disease progression independent of amyloid-β and plasma p-tau181. Meaning These findings suggest that plasma p-tau181, alone or combined with plasma neurofilament light chain, can be used as an accessible, minimally invasive biomarker to track Alzheimer disease progression. Importance Plasma phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (p-tau181) has been proposed as an easily accessible biomarker for the detection of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology, but its ability to monitor disease progression in AD remains unclear. Objective To study the potential of longitudinal plasma p-tau181 measures for assessing neurodegeneration progression and cognitive decline in AD in comparison to plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), a disease-nonspecific marker of neuronal injury. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal cohort study included data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative from February 1, 2007, to June 6, 2016. Follow-up blood sampling was performed for up to 8 years. Plasma p-tau181 measurements were performed in 2020. This was a multicentric observational study of 1113 participants, including cognitively unimpaired participants as well as patients with cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment and AD dementia). Participants were eligible for inclusion if they had available plasma p-tau181 and NfL measurements and at least 1 fluorine-18–labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or structural magnetic resonance imaging scan performed at the same study visit. Exclusion criteria included any significant neurologic disorder other than suspected AD; presence of infection, infarction, or multiple lacunes as detected by magnetic resonance imaging; and any significant systemic condition that could lead to difficulty complying with the protocol. Exposures Plasma p-tau181 and NfL measured with single-molecule array technology. Main Outcomes and Measures Longitudinal imaging markers of neurodegeneration (FDG PET and structural magnetic resonance imaging) and cognitive test scores (Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale with 13 tasks). Data were analyzed from June 20 to August 15, 2020. Results Of the 1113 participants (mean [SD] age, 74.0 [7.6] years; 600 men [53.9%]; 992 non-Hispanic White participants [89.1%]), a total of 378 individuals (34.0%) were cognitively unimpaired (CU) and 735 participants (66.0%) were cognitively impaired (CImp). Of the CImp group, 537 (73.1%) had mild cognitive impairment, and 198 (26.9%) had AD dementia. Longitudinal changes of plasma p-tau181 were associated with cognitive decline (CU: r = –0.24, P < .001; CImp: r = 0.34, P < .001) and a prospective decrease in glucose metabolism (CU: r = –0.05, P = .48; CImp: r = –0.27, P < .001) and gray matter volume (CU: r = –0.19, P < .001; CImp: r = –0.31, P < .001) in highly AD-characteristic brain regions. These associations were restricted to amyloid-β–positive individuals. Both plasma p-tau181 and NfL were independently associated with cognition and neurodegeneration in brain regions typically affected in AD. However, NfL was also associated with neurodegeneration in brain regions exceeding this AD-typical spatial pattern in amyloid-β–negative participants. Mediation analyses found that approximately 25% to 45% of plasma p-tau181 outcomes on cognition measures were mediated by the neuroimaging-derived markers of neurodegeneration, suggesting links between plasma p-tau181 and cognition independent of these measures. Conclusions and Relevance Study findings suggest that plasma p-tau181 was an accessible and scalable marker for predicting and monitoring neurodegeneration and cognitive decline and was, unlike plasma NfL, AD specific. The study findings suggest implications for the use of plasma biomarkers as measures to monitor AD progression in clinical practice and treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Moscoso
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michel J Grothe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juan Lantero Rodríguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaßeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation. Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Schöll
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Tigchelaar C, Atmosoerodjo SD, van Faassen M, Wardenaar KJ, De Deyn PP, Schoevers RA, Kema IP, Absalom AR. The Anaesthetic Biobank of Cerebrospinal fluid: a unique repository for neuroscientific biomarker research. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:455. [PMID: 33850852 PMCID: PMC8039635 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of numerous central nervous system disorders remains poorly understood. Biomarker research using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a promising way to illuminate the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. CSF biomarker studies performed so far generally included patients with neurodegenerative diseases without an adequate control group. The Anaesthetic Biobank of Cerebrospinal fluid (ABC) was established to address this. The aims are to (I) provide healthy-control reference values for CSF-based biomarkers, and (II) to investigate associations between CSF-based candidate biomarkers and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we collect and store CSF and blood from adult patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for elective surgery. Blood (20.5 mL) is collected during intravenous cannulation and CSF (10 mL) is aspirated prior to intrathecal local anaesthetic injection. A portion of the blood and CSF is sent for routine laboratory analyses, the remaining material is stored at -80 °C. Relevant clinical, surgical and anaesthetic data are registered. A neurological examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are performed pre-operatively and a subset of patients fill in questionnaires on somatic and mental health (depression, anxiety and stress). Results Four-hundred-fifty patients (58% male; median age: 56 years) have been enrolled in the ABC. The planned spinal anaesthetic procedure was not attempted for various reasons in eleven patients, in fourteen patients the spinal puncture failed and in twelve patients CSF aspiration was unsuccessful. A mean of 9.3 mL CSF was obtained in the remaining 413 of patients. Most patients had a minor medical history and 60% scored in the normal range on the MoCA (median score: 26). Conclusions The ABC is an ongoing biobanking project that can contribute to CSF-based biomarker research. The large sample size with constant sampling methods and extensive patient phenotyping provide excellent conditions for future neuroscientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celien Tigchelaar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sawal D Atmosoerodjo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas J Wardenaar
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.,Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony R Absalom
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Tosun D, Veitch D, Aisen P, Jack CR, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, Saykin AJ, Bollinger J, Ovod V, Mawuenyega KG, Bateman RJ, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Weiner MW. Detection of β-amyloid positivity in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants with demographics, cognition, MRI and plasma biomarkers. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab008. [PMID: 33842885 PMCID: PMC8023542 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo gold standard for the ante-mortem assessment of brain β-amyloid pathology is currently β-amyloid positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid measures of β-amyloid42 or the β-amyloid42/β-amyloid40 ratio. The widespread acceptance of a biomarker classification scheme for the Alzheimer's disease continuum has ignited interest in more affordable and accessible approaches to detect Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid pathology, a process that often slows down the recruitment into, and adds to the cost of, clinical trials. Recently, there has been considerable excitement concerning the value of blood biomarkers. Leveraging multidisciplinary data from cognitively unimpaired participants and participants with mild cognitive impairment recruited by the multisite biomarker study of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, here we assessed to what extent plasma β-amyloid42/β-amyloid40, neurofilament light and phosphorylated-tau at threonine-181 biomarkers detect the presence of β-amyloid pathology, and to what extent the addition of clinical information such as demographic data, APOE genotype, cognitive assessments and MRI can assist plasma biomarkers in detecting β-amyloid-positivity. Our results confirm plasma β-amyloid42/β-amyloid40 as a robust biomarker of brain β-amyloid-positivity (area under curve, 0.80-0.87). Plasma phosphorylated-tau at threonine-181 detected β-amyloid-positivity only in the cognitively impaired with a moderate area under curve of 0.67, whereas plasma neurofilament light did not detect β-amyloid-positivity in either group of participants. Clinical information as well as MRI-score independently detected positron emission tomography β-amyloid-positivity in both cognitively unimpaired and impaired (area under curve, 0.69-0.81). Clinical information, particularly APOE ε4 status, enhanced the performance of plasma biomarkers in the detection of positron emission tomography β-amyloid-positivity by 0.06-0.14 units of area under curve for cognitively unimpaired, and by 0.21-0.25 units for cognitively impaired; and further enhancement of these models with an MRI-score of β-amyloid-positivity yielded an additional improvement of 0.04-0.11 units of area under curve for cognitively unimpaired and 0.05-0.09 units for cognitively impaired. Taken together, these multi-disciplinary results suggest that when combined with clinical information, plasma phosphorylated-tau at threonine-181 and neurofilament light biomarkers, and an MRI-score could effectively identify β-amyloid+ cognitively unimpaired and impaired (area under curve, 0.80-0.90). Yet, when the MRI-score is considered in combination with clinical information, plasma phosphorylated-tau at threonine-181 and plasma neurofilament light have minimal added value for detecting β-amyloid-positivity. Our systematic comparison of β-amyloid-positivity detection models identified effective combinations of demographics, APOE, global cognition, MRI and plasma biomarkers. Promising minimally invasive and low-cost predictors such as plasma biomarkers of β-amyloid42/β-amyloid40 may be improved by age and APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Tosun
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dallas Veitch
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Aisen
- Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute (ATRI), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - William J Jagust
- School of Public Health and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James Bollinger
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vitaliy Ovod
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kwasi G Mawuenyega
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Michael W Weiner
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Cecon E, Lhomme T, Maurice T, Luka M, Chen M, Silva A, Wauman J, Zabeau L, Tavernier J, Prévot V, Dam J, Jockers R. Amyloid Beta Peptide Is an Endogenous Negative Allosteric Modulator of Leptin Receptor. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:370-387. [PMID: 32335558 DOI: 10.1159/000508105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic dysfunction is now recognized as a pivotal component of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common dementia worldwide. However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking metabolic dysfunction to AD remain elusive. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated the direct impact of soluble oligomeric amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, the main molecular hallmark of AD, on the leptin system, a major component of central energy metabolism regulation. METHODS We developed a new time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based Aβ binding assay for the leptin receptor (LepR) and studied the effect of Aβ on LepR function in several in vitro assays. The in vivo effect of Aβ on LepR function was studied in an Aβ-specific AD mouse model and in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. RESULTS We revealed specific and high-affinity (Ki = 0.1 nM) binding of Aβ to LepR. Pharmacological characterization of this interaction showed that Aβ binds allosterically to the extracellular domain of LepR and negatively affects receptor function. Negative allosteric modulation of LepR by Aβ was detected at the level of signaling pathways (STAT-3, AKT, and ERK) in vitroand in vivo. Importantly, the leptin-induced response of POMC neurons, key players in the regulation of metabolic function, was completely abolished in the presence of Aβ. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that Aβ is a negative allosteric modulator of LepR, resulting in impaired leptin action, and qualify LepR as a new and direct target of Aβ oligomers. Preventing the interaction of Aβ with LepR might improve both the metabolic and cognitive dysfunctions in AD condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Tori Lhomme
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, EGID, DistAlz, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, UMR_S1198, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Min Chen
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anisia Silva
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Joris Wauman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Zabeau
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, EGID, DistAlz, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France,
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Volumetric distribution of perivascular space in relation to mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 99:28-43. [PMID: 33422892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to early cognitive decline are increasingly recognized, prompting further investigation into the nature of related changes in perivascular spaces (PVS). Using magnetic resonance imaging, we show that, compared to a cognitively normal sample, individuals with early cognitive dysfunction have altered PVS presence and distribution, irrespective of Amyloid-β. Surprisingly, we noted lower PVS presence in the anterosuperior medial temporal lobe (asMTL) (1.29 times lower PVS volume fraction in cognitively impaired individuals, p < 0.0001), which was associated with entorhinal neurofibrillary tau tangle deposition (beta (standard error) = -0.98 (0.4); p = 0.014), one of the hallmarks of early Alzheimer's disease pathology. We also observed higher PVS volume fraction in centrum semi-ovale of the white matter, but only in female participants (1.47 times higher PVS volume fraction in cognitively impaired individuals, p = 0.0011). We also observed PVS changes in participants with history of hypertension (higher in the white matter and lower in the asMTL). Our results suggest that anatomically specific alteration of the PVS is an early neuroimaging feature of cognitive impairment in aging adults, which is differentially manifested in female.
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42
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Apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype and risk of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 81:173-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zaharchuk G, Davidzon G. Artificial Intelligence for Optimization and Interpretation of PET/CT and PET/MR Images. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 51:134-142. [PMID: 33509370 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently attracted much attention for its potential use in healthcare applications. The use of AI to improve and extract more information out of medical images, given their parallels with natural images and the immense progress in the area of computer vision, has been at the forefront of these advances. This is due to a convergence of factors, including the increasing numbers of scans performed, the availability of open source AI tools, and decreases in the costs of hardware required to implement these technologies. In this article, we review the progress in the use of AI toward optimizing PET/CT and PET/MRI studies. These two methods, which combine molecular information with structural and (in the case of MRI) functional imaging, are extremely valuable for a wide range of clinical indications. They are also tremendously data-rich modalities and as such are highly amenable to data-driven technologies such as AI. The first half of the article will focus on methods to improve PET reconstruction and image quality, which has multiple benefits including faster image acquisition, image reconstruction, and lower or even "zero" radiation dose imaging. It will also address the value of AI-driven methods to perform MR-based attenuation correction. The second half will address how some of these advances can be used to perform to optimize diagnosis from the acquired images, with examples given for whole-body oncology, cardiology, and neurology indications. Overall, it is likely that the use of AI will markedly improve both the quality and safety of PET/CT and PET/MRI as well as enhance our ability to interpret the scans and follow lesions over time. This will hopefully lead to expanded clinical use cases for these valuable technologies leading to better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
| | - Guido Davidzon
- Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Salloway SP, Sevingy J, Budur K, Pederson JT, DeMattos RB, Von Rosenstiel P, Paez A, Evans R, Weber CJ, Hendrix JA, Worley S, Bain LJ, Carrillo MC. Advancing combination therapy for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2020; 6:e12073. [PMID: 33043108 PMCID: PMC7539671 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to an increased understanding of the multiple pathologies and pathways of the disease. As such, it has been proposed that AD and its various stages might be most effectively treated with a combination approach rather than a single therapy; however, combination approaches present many challenges that include limitations of non-clinical models, complexity of clinical trial design, and unclear regulatory requirements. The Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable meeting on May 7-8, 2018, discussed the approaches and challenges of combination therapy for AD. Experts in the field (academia, industry, and government) provided perspectives that may help establish a path forward for the development of new combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca Evans
- Takeda Development Center, Americas, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Susan Worley
- Independent Science WriterBryn MawrPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lisa J. Bain
- Independent Science WriterElversonPennsylvaniaUSA
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Park YH, Hodges A, Risacher SL, Lin K, Jang JW, Ahn S, Kim S, Lovestone S, Simmons A, Weiner MW, Saykin AJ, Nho K. Dysregulated Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis pathway in Alzheimer's disease: network-based gene expression analysis. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 88:24-32. [PMID: 31901293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomics has become an important tool for identification of biological pathways dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed a network-based gene expression analysis of blood-based microarray gene expression profiles using 2 independent cohorts, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; N = 661) and AddNeuroMed (N = 674). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis identified 17 modules from ADNI and 13 from AddNeuroMed. Four of the modules derived in ADNI were significantly related to AD; 5 modules in AddNeuroMed were significant. Gene-set enrichment analysis of the AD-related modules identified and replicated 3 biological pathways including the Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis pathway. Module-based association analysis showed the AD-related module, which has the 3 pathways, to be associated with cognitive function and neuroimaging biomarkers. Gene-based association analysis identified PRKCD in the Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis pathway as being significantly associated with cognitive function and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. The identification of the Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis pathway implicates the peripheral innate immune system in the pathophysiology of AD. PRKCD is known to be related to neurodegeneration induced by amyloid-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Park
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kuang Lin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Andrew Simmons
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Shin WS, Di J, Cao Q, Li B, Seidler PM, Murray KA, Bitan G, Jiang L. Amyloid β-protein oligomers promote the uptake of tau fibril seeds potentiating intracellular tau aggregation. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:86. [PMID: 31627745 PMCID: PMC6800506 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated failure of drug candidates targeting Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinical trials likely stems from a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis. Recent research has highlighted synergistic interactions between aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins in AD, but the molecular details of how these interactions drive AD pathology remain elusive and speculative. METHODS Here, we test the hypothesis that Aβ potentiates intracellular tau aggregation, and show that oligomeric Aβ specifically exacerbates proteopathic seeding by tau. Using tau-biosensor cells, we show that treatment with sub-toxic concentrations of Aβ oligomers, but not monomers or fibrils, "primes" cells, making them more susceptible to tau seeding. The treatment with Aβ oligomers enhances intracellular tau aggregation in a dose-dependent manner when the cells are seeded with either recombinant or brain-derived tau fibrils, whereas little or no aggregation is observed in the absence of Aβ-oligomer priming. RESULTS Priming by Aβ oligomers appears to be specific to tau, as α-synuclein seeding is unaffected by this treatment. Aβ oligomer-enhanced tau seeding also occurs in primary mouse neurons and human neuroblastoma cells. Using fluorescently labeled tau seeds, we find that treatment with Aβ oligomers significantly enhances the cellular uptake of tau seeds, whereas a known tau-uptake inhibitor blocks the effect of Aβ on tau uptake. CONCLUSION The ability of Aβ to promote tau seeding suggests a specific and plausible mechanism by which extracellular Aβ initiates a deleterious cascade that is unique to AD. These data suggest that the Aβ-mediated potentiation of tau uptake into cells should also be taken into account when designing Aβ-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Shik Shin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jing Di
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Qin Cao
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570 USA
| | - Binsen Li
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Paul M. Seidler
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570 USA
| | - Kevin A. Murray
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570 USA
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Brain Research Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Brain Research Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Puzo C, Labriola C, Sugarman MA, Tripodis Y, Martin B, Palmisano JN, Steinberg EG, Stein TD, Kowall NW, McKee AC, Mez J, Killiany RJ, Stern RA, Alosco ML. Independent effects of white matter hyperintensities on cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and functional decline: a longitudinal investigation using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:64. [PMID: 31351489 PMCID: PMC6661103 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal investigations are needed to improve understanding of the contributions of cerebral small vessel disease to the clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in the early disease stages. This study leveraged the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set to longitudinally examine the association between white matter hyperintensities and neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and functional decline among participants with normal cognition. METHODS The sample included 465 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set who had quantitated volume of white matter hyperintensities from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI, had normal cognition at the time of their MRI, and were administered the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set neuropsychological test battery within 1 year of study evaluation and had at least two post-MRI time points of clinical data. Neuropsychiatric status was assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire. Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes defined functional status. For participants subsequently diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, their impairment must have been attributed to Alzheimer's disease (AD) to evaluate the relationships between WMH and the clinical presentation of AD. RESULTS Of the 465 participants, 56 converted to MCI or AD dementia (average follow-up = 5 years). Among the 465 participants, generalized estimating equations controlling for age, sex, race, education, APOE ε4, and total brain and hippocampal volume showed that higher baseline log-white matter hyperintensities predicted accelerated decline on the following neuropsychological tests in rank order of effect size: Trails B (p < 0.01), Digit Symbol Coding (p < 0.01), Logical Memory Immediate Recall (p = 0.02), Trail Making A (p < 0.01), and Semantic Fluency (p < 0.01). White matter hyperintensities predicted increases in Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (p < 0.01) and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores (p = 0.01). Effect sizes were comparable to total brain and hippocampal volume. White matter hyperintensities did not predict diagnostic conversion. All effects also remained after including individuals with non-AD suspected etiologies for those who converted to MCI or dementia. CONCLUSIONS In this baseline cognitively normal sample, greater white matter hyperintensities were associated with accelerated cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and functional decline independent of traditional risk factors and MRI biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Puzo
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Caroline Labriola
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Michael A Sugarman
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett Martin
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph N Palmisano
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric G Steinberg
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, USA
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald J Killiany
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Suite B7800, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Alosco ML, Sugarman MA, Besser LM, Tripodis Y, Martin B, Palmisano JN, Kowall NW, Au R, Mez J, DeCarli C, Stein TD, McKee AC, Killiany RJ, Stern RA. A Clinicopathological Investigation of White Matter Hyperintensities and Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:1347-1360. [PMID: 29843242 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been postulated to be a core feature of Alzheimer's disease. Clinicopathological studies are needed to elucidate and confirm this possibility. OBJECTIVE This study examined: 1) the association between antemortem WMH and autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease neuropathology (ADNP), 2) the relationship between WMH and dementia in participants with ADNP, and 3) the relationships among cerebrovascular disease, WMH, and ADNP. METHODS The sample included 82 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Data Sets who had quantitated volume of WMH from antemortem FLAIR MRI and available neuropathological data. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale (from MRI visit) operationalized dementia status. ADNP+ was defined by moderate to frequent neuritic plaques and Braak stage III-VI at autopsy. Cerebrovascular disease neuropathology included infarcts or lacunes, microinfarcts, arteriolosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. RESULTS 60/82 participants were ADNP+. Greater volume of WMH predicted increased odds for ADNP (p = 0.037). In ADNP+ participants, greater WMH corresponded with increased odds for dementia (CDR≥1; p = 0.038). WMH predicted cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microinfarcts, infarcts, and lacunes (ps < 0.04). ADNP+ participants were more likely to have moderate-severe arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy compared to ADNP-participants (ps < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This study found a direct association between total volume of WMH and increased odds for having ADNP. In patients with Alzheimer's disease, FLAIR MRI WMH may be able to provide key insight into disease severity and progression. The association between WMH and ADNP may be explained by underlying cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Sugarman
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neuropsychology, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Lilah M Besser
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett Martin
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph N Palmisano
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Neurology Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Ronald J Killiany
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Alosco ML, Stern RA. The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 167:337-355. [PMID: 31753141 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804766-8.00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI). Although described in boxers for almost a century, scientific and public interest in CTE grew tremendously following a report of postmortem evidence of CTE in the first former professional American football player in 2005. Neuropathologic diagnostic criteria for CTE have been defined, with abnormal perivascular deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau at the sulcal depths as the pathognomonic feature. CTE can currently only be diagnosed postmortem, but clinical research criteria for the in vivo diagnosis of CTE have been proposed. The clinical phenotype of CTE is still ill-defined and there are currently no validated biomarkers to support an in-life diagnosis of "Probable CTE." Many knowledge gaps remain regarding the neuropathologic and clinical make-up of CTE. An increased understanding of CTE is critical given the millions that could potentially be impacted by this disease. This chapter describes the state of the literature on CTE. The historical origins of CTE are first presented, followed by a comprehensive description of the neuropathologic and clinical features. The chapter concludes with discussion on future research directions, emphasizing the importance of diagnosing CTE during life to facilitate development of preventative and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Departments of Neurosurgery, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
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Shaw LM, Arias J, Blennow K, Galasko D, Molinuevo JL, Salloway S, Schindler S, Carrillo MC, Hendrix JA, Ross A, Illes J, Ramus C, Fifer S. Appropriate use criteria for lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid testing in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1505-1521. [PMID: 30316776 PMCID: PMC10013957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Alzheimer's Association convened a multidisciplinary workgroup to develop appropriate use criteria to guide the safe and optimal use of the lumbar puncture procedure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing for Alzheimer's disease pathology detection in the diagnostic process. METHODS The workgroup, experienced in the ethical use of lumbar puncture and CSF analysis, developed key research questions to guide the systematic review of the evidence and developed clinical indications commonly encountered in clinical practice based on key patient groups in whom the use of lumbar puncture and CSF may be considered as part of the diagnostic process. Based on their expertise and interpretation of the evidence from systematic review, members rated each indication as appropriate or inappropriate. RESULTS The workgroup finalized 14 indications, rating 6 appropriate and 8 inappropriate. DISCUSSION In anticipation of the emergence of more reliable CSF analysis platforms, the manuscript offers important guidance to health-care practitioners and suggestions for implementation and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Jalayne Arias
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenberg, Molndal, Sweden
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Salloway
- Butler Hospital Memory and Aging Program, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | | | - April Ross
- Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
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