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Zhang A, Pan C, Wu M, Lin Y, Chen J, Zhong N, Zhang R, Pu L, Han L, Pan H. Causal association between plasma metabolites and neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111067. [PMID: 38908505 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing causal relationships between metabolic biomarkers and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is a challenge faced by observational studies. In this study, our aim was to investigate the causal associations between plasma metabolites and neurodegenerative diseases using Mendelian Randomization (MR) methods. METHODS We utilized genetic associations with 1400 plasma metabolic traits as exposures. We used large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for AD and PD as our discovery datasets. For validation, we performed repeated analyses using different GWAS datasets. The main statistical method employed was inverse variance-weighted (IVW). We also conducted enrichment pathway analysis for IVW-identified metabolites. RESULTS In the discovered dataset, there are a total of 69 metabolites (36 negatively, 33 positively) potentially associated with AD, and 47 metabolites (24 negatively, 23 positively) potentially associated with PD. Among these, 4 significant metabolites overlap with significant metabolites (PIVW < 0.05)in the validation dataset for AD, and 1 metabolite overlaps with significant metabolites in the validation dataset for PD. Three metabolites serve as common potential metabolic markers for both AD and PD, including Tryptophan betaine, Palmitoleoylcarnitine (C16:1), and X-23655 levels. Further pathway enrichment analysis suggests that the SLC-mediated transmembrane transport pathway, involving tryptophan betaine and carnitine metabolites, may represent potential intervention targets for treating AD and PD. CONCLUSION This study offers novel insights into the causal effects of plasma metabolites on degenerative diseases through the integration of genomics and metabolomics. The identification of metabolites and metabolic pathways linked to AD and PD enhances our comprehension of the underlying biological mechanisms and presents promising targets for future therapeutic interventions in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Congcong Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meifen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiashen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ni Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Ningbo Institute of Life Sciences and Health Industry Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liyuan Pu
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Ningbo Institute of Life Sciences and Health Industry Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Ningbo Institute of Life Sciences and Health Industry Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China.
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You T, Wang Y, Chen S, Dong Q, Yu J, Cui M. Vascular cognitive impairment: Advances in clinical research and management. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01159. [PMID: 39048312 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses a wide spectrum of cognitive disorders, ranging from mild cognitive impairment to vascular dementia. Its diagnosis relies on thorough clinical evaluations and neuroimaging. VCI predominately arises from vascular risk factors (VRFs) and cerebrovascular disease, either independently or in conjunction with neurodegeneration. Growing evidence underscores the prevalence of VRFs, highlighting their potential for early prediction of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life. The precise mechanisms linking vascular pathologies to cognitive deficits remain elusive. Chronic cerebrovascular pathology is the most common neuropathological feature of VCI, often interacting synergistically with neurodegenerative processes. Current research efforts are focused on developing and validating reliable biomarkers to unravel the etiology of vascular brain changes in VCI. The collaborative integration of these biomarkers into clinical practice, alongside routine incorporation into neuropathological assessments, presents a promising strategy for predicting and stratifying VCI. The cornerstone of VCI prevention remains the control of VRFs, which includes multi-domain lifestyle modifications. Identifying appropriate pharmacological approaches is also of paramount importance. In this review, we synthesize recent advancements in the field of VCI, including its definition, determinants of vascular risk, pathophysiology, neuroimaging and fluid-correlated biomarkers, predictive methodologies, and current intervention strategies. Increasingly evident is the notion that more rigorous research for VCI, which arises from a complex interplay of physiological events, is still needed to pave the way for better clinical outcomes and enhanced quality of life for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao You
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jintai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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3
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You J, Guo Y, Wang YJ, Zhang Y, Wang HF, Wang LB, Kang JJ, Feng JF, Yu JT, Cheng W. Clinical trajectories preceding incident dementia up to 15 years before diagnosis: a large prospective cohort study. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02570-0. [PMID: 38678085 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia has a long prodromal stage with various pathophysiological manifestations; however, the progression of pre-diagnostic changes remains unclear. We aimed to determine the evolutional trajectories of multiple-domain clinical assessments and health conditions up to 15 years before the diagnosis of dementia. METHODS Data was extracted from the UK-Biobank, a longitudinal cohort that recruited over 500,000 participants from March 2006 to October 2010. Each demented subject was matched with 10 healthy controls. We performed logistic regressions on 400 predictors covering a comprehensive range of clinical assessments or health conditions. Their evolutional trajectories were quantified using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and FDR-corrected p-values under consecutive timeframes preceding the diagnosis of dementia. FINDINGS During a median follow-up of 13.7 [Interquartile range, IQR 12.9-14.2] years until July 2022, 7620 subjects were diagnosed with dementia. In general, upon approaching the diagnosis, demented subjects witnessed worse functional assessments and a higher prevalence of health conditions. Associations up to 15 years preceding the diagnosis comprised declined physical strength (hand grip strength, OR 0.65 [0.63-0.67]), lung dysfunction (peak expiratory flow, OR 0.78 [0.76-0.81]) and kidney dysfunction (cystatin C, OR 1.13 [1.11-1.16]), comorbidities of coronary heart disease (OR 1.78 [1.67-1.91]), stroke (OR 2.34 [2.1-1.37]), diabetes (OR 2.03 [1.89-2.18]) and a series of mental disorders. Cognitive functions in multiple tests also demonstrate decline over a decade before the diagnosis. Inadequate activity (3-5 year, overall time of activity, OR 0.82 [0.73-0.92]), drowsiness (3-5 year, sleep duration, OR 1.13 [1.04-1.24]) and weight loss (0-5 year, weight, OR 0.9 [0.83-0.98]) only exhibited associations within five years before the diagnosis. In addition, serum biomarkers of enriched endocrine, dysregulations of ketones, deficiency of brand-chain amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were found in a similar prodromal time window and can be witnessed as the last pre-symptomatic conditions before the diagnosis. INTERPRETATION Our findings present a comprehensive temporal-diagnostic landscape preceding incident dementia, which could improve selection for preventive and early disease-modifying treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia You
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Bo Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju-Jiao Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China.
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China.
- Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Transfer Center, Shanghai, China.
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Tsap MI, Yatsenko AS, Hegermann J, Beckmann B, Tsikas D, Shcherbata HR. Unraveling the link between neuropathy target esterase NTE/SWS, lysosomal storage diseases, inflammation, abnormal fatty acid metabolism, and leaky brain barrier. eLife 2024; 13:e98020. [PMID: 38660940 PMCID: PMC11090517 DOI: 10.7554/elife.98020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Drosophila Swiss cheese (SWS) gene or its vertebrate orthologue neuropathy target esterase (NTE) lead to progressive neuronal degeneration in flies and humans. Despite its enzymatic function as a phospholipase is well established, the molecular mechanism responsible for maintaining nervous system integrity remains unclear. In this study, we found that NTE/SWS is present in surface glia that forms the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and that NTE/SWS is important to maintain its structure and permeability. Importantly, BBB glia-specific expression of Drosophila NTE/SWS or human NTE in the sws mutant background fully rescues surface glial organization and partially restores BBB integrity, suggesting a conserved function of NTE/SWS. Interestingly, sws mutant glia showed abnormal organization of plasma membrane domains and tight junction rafts accompanied by the accumulation of lipid droplets, lysosomes, and multilamellar bodies. Since the observed cellular phenotypes closely resemble the characteristics described in a group of metabolic disorders known as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), our data established a novel connection between NTE/SWS and these conditions. We found that mutants with defective BBB exhibit elevated levels of fatty acids, which are precursors of eicosanoids and are involved in the inflammatory response. Also, as a consequence of a permeable BBB, several innate immunity factors are upregulated in an age-dependent manner, while BBB glia-specific expression of NTE/SWS normalizes inflammatory response. Treatment with anti-inflammatory agents prevents the abnormal architecture of the BBB, suggesting that inflammation contributes to the maintenance of a healthy brain barrier. Considering the link between a malfunctioning BBB and various neurodegenerative diseases, gaining a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms causing inflammation due to a defective BBB could help to promote the use of anti-inflammatory therapies for age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana I Tsap
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andriy S Yatsenko
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bibiana Beckmann
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Halyna R Shcherbata
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, United States
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Liu S, Zhong H, Zhu J, Wu L. Identification of blood metabolites associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease by integrating genomics and metabolomics data. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1153-1162. [PMID: 38216726 PMCID: PMC11176029 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Specific metabolites have been reported to be potentially associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. However, the comprehensive understanding of roles of metabolite biomarkers in AD etiology remains elusive. We performed a large AD metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) by developing blood metabolite genetic prediction models. We evaluated associations between genetically predicted levels of metabolites and AD risk in 39,106 clinically diagnosed AD cases, 46,828 proxy AD and related dementia (proxy-ADD) cases, and 401,577 controls. We further conducted analyses to determine microbiome features associated with the detected metabolites and characterize associations between predicted microbiome feature levels and AD risk. We identified fourteen metabolites showing an association with AD risk. Five microbiome features were further identified to be potentially related to associations of five of the metabolites. Our study provides new insights into the etiology of AD that involves blood metabolites and gut microbiome, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hua Zhong
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lang Wu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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6
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Pausova Z, Sliz E. Large-Scale Population-Based Studies of Blood Metabolome and Brain Health. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38509405 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolomics technologies enable the quantification of multiple metabolomic measures simultaneously, which provides novel insights into molecular aspects of human health and disease. In large-scale, population-based studies, blood is often the preferred biospecimen. Circulating metabolome may relate to brain health either by affecting or reflecting brain metabolism. Peripheral metabolites may act at or cross the blood-brain barrier and, subsequently, influence brain metabolism, or they may reflect brain metabolism if similar pathways are engaged. Peripheral metabolites may also include those penetrating the circulation from the brain, indicating, for example, brain damage. Most brain health-related metabolomics studies have been conducted in the context of neurodegenerative disorders and cognition, but some studies have also focused on neuroimaging markers of these disorders. Moreover, several metabolomics studies of neurodevelopmental disorders have been performed. Here, we provide a brief background on the types of blood metabolites commonly assessed, and we review the literature describing the relationships between human blood metabolome (n > 50 metabolites) and brain health reported in large-scale studies (n > 500 individuals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eeva Sliz
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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7
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Flores AC, Zhang X, Kris-Etherton PM, Sliwinski MJ, Shearer GC, Gao X, Na M. Metabolomics and Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies. J Nutr 2024; 154:826-845. [PMID: 38219861 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The projected increase in the prevalence of dementia has sparked interest in understanding the pathophysiology and underlying causal factors in its development and progression. Identifying novel biomarkers in the preclinical or prodromal phase of dementia may be important for predicting early disease risk. Applying metabolomic techniques to prediagnostic samples in prospective studies provides the opportunity to identify potential disease biomarkers. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the associations between metabolite markers and risk of dementia and related dementia subtypes in human studies with a prospective design. DESIGN We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases from inception through December 8, 2023. Thirteen studies (mean/median follow-up years: 2.1-21.0 y) were included in the review. RESULTS Several metabolites detected in biological samples, including amino acids, fatty acids, acylcarnitines, lipid and lipoprotein variations, hormones, and other related metabolites, were associated with risk of developing dementia. Our systematic review summarized the adjusted associations between metabolites and dementia risk; however, our findings should be interpreted with caution because of the heterogeneity across the included studies and potential sources of bias. Further studies are warranted with well-designed prospective cohort studies that have defined study populations, longer follow-up durations, the inclusion of additional diverse biological samples, standardization of techniques in metabolomics and ascertainment methods for diagnosing dementia, and inclusion of other related dementia subtypes. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the limited systematic reviews on metabolomics and dementia by summarizing the prospective associations between metabolites in prediagnostic biological samples with dementia risk. Our review discovered additional metabolite markers associated with the onset of developing dementia and may help aid in the understanding of dementia etiology. The protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; registration ID: CRD42022357521).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C Flores
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Greg C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Muzi Na
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
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8
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Zhuang H, Cao X, Tang X, Zou Y, Yang H, Liang Z, Yan X, Chen X, Feng X, Shen L. Investigating metabolic dysregulation in serum of triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease male mice: implications for pathogenesis and potential biomarkers. Amino Acids 2024; 56:10. [PMID: 38315232 PMCID: PMC10844422 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that lacks convenient and accessible peripheral blood diagnostic markers and effective drugs. Metabolic dysfunction is one of AD risk factors, which leaded to alterations of various metabolites in the body. Pathological changes of the brain can be reflected in blood metabolites that are expected to explain the disease mechanisms or be candidate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of targeted metabolites within peripheral blood of AD mouse model, with the purpose of exploring the disease mechanism and potential biomarkers. Targeted metabolomics was used to quantify 256 metabolites in serum of triple transgenic AD (3 × Tg-AD) male mice. Compared with controls, 49 differential metabolites represented dysregulation in purine, pyrimidine, tryptophan, cysteine and methionine and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Among them, adenosine, serotonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, and acetylcholine play a key role in regulating neural transmitter network. The alteration of S-adenosine-L-homocysteine, S-adenosine-L-methionine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide in AD mice serum can served as indicator of AD risk. The results revealed the changes of metabolites in serum, suggesting that metabolic dysregulation in periphery in AD mice may be related to the disturbances in neuroinhibition, the serotonergic system, sleep function, the cholinergic system, and the gut microbiota. This study provides novel insights into the dysregulation of several key metabolites and metabolic pathways in AD, presenting potential avenues for future research and the development of peripheral biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhuang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Cao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Zou
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Liang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingui Feng
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Li J, Huang Q, Wang Y, Cui M, Xu K, Suo C, Liu Z, An Y, Jin L, Tang H, Chen X, Jiang Y. Circulating Lipoproteins Mediate the Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Decline: A Community-Based Cohort Study. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 4:51-55. [PMID: 38605906 PMCID: PMC11003945 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular health metrics are now widely recognized as modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia. Metabolic perturbations might play roles in the linkage of cardiovascular diseases and dementia. Circulating metabolites profiling by metabolomics may improve understanding of the potential mechanism by which cardiovascular risk factors contribute to cognitive decline. In a prospective community-based cohort in China (n = 725), 312 serum metabolic phenotypes were quantified, and cardiovascular health score was calculated including smoking, exercise, sleep, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Cognitive function assessments were conducted in baseline and follow-up visits to identify longitudinal cognitive decline. A better cardiovascular health was significantly associated with lower risk of concentration decline and orientation decline (hazard ratio (HR): 0.84-0.90; p < 0.05). Apolipoprotein-A1, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid concentrations were significantly associated with a lower risk of longitudinal memory and orientation decline (p < 0.05 and adjusted-p < 0.20). Mediation analysis suggested that the negative association between health status and the risk of orientation decline was partly mediated by cholesterol ester and total lipids in HDL-2 and -3 (proportion of mediation: 7.68-8.21%, both p < 0.05). Cardiovascular risk factors were associated with greater risks of cognitive decline, which were found to be mediated by circulating lipoproteins, particularly the medium-size HDL components. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing lipoproteins as targets for early stage dementia screening and intervention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00120-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, 225326 China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Kelin Xu
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, 225326 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Chen Suo
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, 225326 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, 225326 China
| | - Yanpeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, 225326 China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, 225326 China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, 322000 Zhejiang China
| | - Yanfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, 225326 China
- International Human Phenome Institute (Shanghai), Shanghai, 201203 China
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511462 China
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10
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Conde R, Oliveira N, Morais E, Amaral AP, Sousa A, Graça G, Verde I. NMR analysis seeking for cognitive decline and dementia metabolic markers in plasma from aged individuals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115815. [PMID: 37952448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood biomarkers can improve the ability to diagnose dementia, providing new information to better understand the pathophysiology and causes of the disease. Some studies with patients have already shown changes in metabolic profiles among patients with pathological cognitive decline or Alzheimer's disease, when compared to individuals with normal cognition. METHODS To search for new metabolic biomarkers of dementia, we analyzed serum levels of several metabolites, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in elderly individuals, a group with normal cognitive decline (control), and three other groups with cognitive decline. pathological (low, moderate, and severe). RESULTS Decreased plasma levels of tyrosine, glutamate, valine, leucine, and isoleucine are associated with worsening of pathological cognitive decline. However, the area under analysis of receptor operating characteristics suggests that tyrosine and glutamate have low specificity and sensitivity. Valine, leucine, and isoleucine are influenced by blood glucose or diabetes, but these conditions do not seem to be of great influence in the differences observed. Isobutyrate, histidine, acetone and unknown-1 metabolite also decrease their plasma levels with increasing CD. Isobutyrate ad histidine could have neuroprotective and antioxidant actions, respectively. To elucidate the role of decreased unknown metabolite-1 as a CD biomarker, it will be necessary to previously investigate its identity. To define and elucidate the role of acetone in pathological CD, additional laboratory and clinical studies must be performed. All these metabolites together may constitute a set of biomarkers with capability to identify pathological CD or dementia. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Decrease of glutamate, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, isobutyrate, acetone and unknown-1 metabolite together are a set of biomarkers able to identify pathological CD or dementia. Histidine, isobutyrate, acetone and unknown-1 metabolite are more specific biomarkers of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Conde
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Nádia Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Morais
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Amaral
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sousa
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Graça
- Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ignacio Verde
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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11
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Pan X, Donaghy PC, Roberts G, Chouliaras L, O’Brien JT, Thomas AJ, Heslegrave AJ, Zetterberg H, McGuinness B, Passmore AP, Green BD, Kane JPM. Plasma metabolites distinguish dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease: a cross-sectional metabolomic analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1326780. [PMID: 38239488 PMCID: PMC10794326 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1326780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In multifactorial diseases, alterations in the concentration of metabolites can identify novel pathological mechanisms at the intersection between genetic and environmental influences. This study aimed to profile the plasma metabolome of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), two neurodegenerative disorders for which our understanding of the pathophysiology is incomplete. In the clinical setting, DLB is often mistaken for AD, highlighting a need for accurate diagnostic biomarkers. We therefore also aimed to determine the overlapping and differentiating metabolite patterns associated with each and establish whether identification of these patterns could be leveraged as biomarkers to support clinical diagnosis. Methods A panel of 630 metabolites (Biocrates MxP Quant 500) and a further 232 metabolism indicators (biologically informative sums and ratios calculated from measured metabolites, each indicative for a specific pathway or synthesis; MetaboINDICATOR) were analyzed in plasma from patients with probable DLB (n = 15; age 77.6 ± 8.2 years), probable AD (n = 15; 76.1 ± 6.4 years), and age-matched cognitively healthy controls (HC; n = 15; 75.2 ± 6.9 years). Metabolites were quantified using a reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography column and triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, or by using flow injection analysis in MRM mode. Data underwent multivariate (PCA analysis), univariate and receiving operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Metabolite data were also correlated (Spearman r) with the collected clinical neuroimaging and protein biomarker data. Results The PCA plot separated DLB, AD and HC groups (R2 = 0.518, Q2 = 0.348). Significant alterations in 17 detected metabolite parameters were identified (q ≤ 0.05), including neurotransmitters, amino acids and glycerophospholipids. Glutamine (Glu; q = 0.045) concentrations and indicators of sphingomyelin hydroxylation (q = 0.039) distinguished AD and DLB, and these significantly correlated with semi-quantitative measurement of cardiac sympathetic denervation. The most promising biomarker differentiating AD from DLB was Glu:lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC a 24:0) ratio (AUC = 0.92; 95%CI 0.809-0.996; sensitivity = 0.90; specificity = 0.90). Discussion Several plasma metabolomic aberrations are shared by both DLB and AD, but a rise in plasma glutamine was specific to DLB. When measured against plasma lysoPC a C24:0, glutamine could differentiate DLB from AD, and the reproducibility of this biomarker should be investigated in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Pan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C. Donaghy
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Roberts
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Leonidas Chouliaras
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John T. O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Heslegrave
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Anthony P. Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D. Green
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph P. M. Kane
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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12
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Valentin-Escalera J, Leclerc M, Calon F. High-Fat Diets in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: How Can Eating Too Much Fat Increase Alzheimer's Disease Risk? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:977-1005. [PMID: 38217592 PMCID: PMC10836579 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High dietary intake of saturated fatty acids is a suspected risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decipher the causal link behind these associations, high-fat diets (HFD) have been repeatedly investigated in animal models. Preclinical studies allow full control over dietary composition, avoiding ethical concerns in clinical trials. The goal of the present article is to provide a narrative review of reports on HFD in animal models of AD. Eligibility criteria included mouse models of AD fed a HFD defined as > 35% of fat/weight and western diets containing > 1% cholesterol or > 15% sugar. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from 1946 to August 2022, and 32 preclinical studies were included in the review. HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance have been replicated in most studies, but with methodological variability. Most studies have found an aggravating effect of HFD on brain Aβ pathology, whereas tau pathology has been much less studied, and results are more equivocal. While most reports show HFD-induced impairment on cognitive behavior, confounding factors may blur their interpretation. In summary, despite conflicting results, exposing rodents to diets highly enriched in saturated fat induces not only metabolic defects, but also cognitive impairment often accompanied by aggravated neuropathological markers, most notably Aβ burden. Although there are important variations between methods, particularly the lack of diet characterization, these studies collectively suggest that excessive intake of saturated fat should be avoided in order to lower the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Valentin-Escalera
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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13
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Chen Y, Li Y, Fan Y, Chen S, Chen L, Chen Y, Chen Y. Gut microbiota-driven metabolic alterations reveal gut-brain communication in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2302310. [PMID: 38261437 PMCID: PMC10807476 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2302310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites affect the host nervous system and are involved in the pathogeneses of various neurological diseases. However, the specific GM alterations under pathogenetic pressure and their contributions to the "microbiota - metabolite - brain axis" in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the GM and the fecal, serum, cortical metabolomes in APP/PS1 and wild-type (WT) mice, revealing distinct hub bacteria in AD mice within scale-free GM networks shared by both groups. Moreover, we identified diverse peripheral - central metabolic landscapes between AD and WT mice that featured bile acids (e.g. deoxycholic and isodeoxycholic acid) and unsaturated fatty acids (e.g. 11Z-eicosenoic and palmitoleic acid). Machine-learning models revealed the relationships between the differential/hub bacteria and these metabolic signatures from the periphery to the brain. Notably, AD-enriched Dubosiella affected AD occurrence via cortical palmitoleic acid and vice versa. Considering the transgenic background of the AD mice, we propose that Dubosiella enrichment impedes AD progression via the synthesis of palmitoleic acid, which has protective properties against inflammation and metabolic disorders. We identified another association involving fecal deoxycholic acid-mediated interactions between the AD hub bacteria Erysipelatoclostridium and AD occurrence, which was corroborated by the correlation between deoxycholate levels and cognitive scores in humans. Overall, this study elucidated the GM network alterations, contributions of the GM to peripheral - central metabolic landscapes, and mediatory roles of metabolites between the GM and AD occurrence, thus revealing the critical roles of bacteria in AD pathogenesis and gut - brain communications under pathogenetic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinhu Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Ramadan FA, Arani G, Jafri A, Thompson T, Bland VL, Renquist B, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Klimentidis YC. Mendelian Randomization of Blood Metabolites Suggests Circulating Glutamine Protects Against Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1069-1078. [PMID: 38489176 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) represents a growing health burden. Previous studies suggest that blood metabolite levels influence risk of LOAD. Objective We used a genetics-based study design which may overcome limitations of other epidemiological studies to assess the influence of metabolite levels on LOAD risk. Methods We applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate bi-directional causal effects using summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 249 blood metabolites (n = 115,082) and GWAS of LOAD (ncase = 21,982, ncontrol = 41,944). Results MR analysis of metabolites as exposures revealed a negative association of genetically-predicted glutamine levels with LOAD (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73, 0.92) that was consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. We also identified a positive association of genetically-predicted free cholesterol levels in small LDL (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.36, 2.22) on LOAD. Using genetically-predicted LOAD as the exposure, we identified associations with phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large LDL (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94, 0.98), but not with glutamine, suggesting that the relationship between glutamine and LOAD is unidirectional. Conclusions Our findings support previous evidence that higher circulating levels of glutamine may be a target for protection against LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferris A Ramadan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gayatri Arani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ayan Jafri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tingting Thompson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Victoria L Bland
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Anthropology, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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15
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Gordon S, Lee JS, Scott TM, Bhupathiraju S, Ordovas J, Kelly RS, Tucker KL, Palacios N. Metabolites and Cognitive Decline in a Puerto Rican Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S345-S353. [PMID: 38578885 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have identified plasma metabolites associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease; however, little research on this topic has been conducted in Latinos, especially Puerto Ricans. Objective This study aims to add to the growing body of metabolomics research in Latinos to better understand and improve the health of this population. Methods We assessed the association between plasma metabolites and global cognition over 12 years of follow-up in 736 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS). Metabolites were measured with untargeted metabolomic profiling (Metabolon, Inc) at baseline. We used covariable adjusted linear mixed models (LMM) with a metabolite * time interaction term to identify metabolites (of 621 measured) associated with ∼12 years cognitive trajectory. Results We observed strong inverse associations between medium-chain fatty acids, caproic acid, and the dicarboxylic acids, azelaic and sebacic acid, and global cognition. N-formylphenylalanine, a tyrosine pathway metabolite, was associated with improvement in cognitive trajectory. Conclusions The metabolites identified in this study are generally consistent with prior literature and highlight a role medium chain fatty acid and tyrosine metabolism in cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gordon
- Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
- Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Tammy M Scott
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shilpa Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Natalia Palacios
- Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
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16
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Huang SY, Zhang YR, Yang L, Li YZ, Wu BS, Chen SD, Feng JF, Dong Q, Cheng W, Yu JT. Circulating metabolites and risk of incident dementia: A prospective cohort study. J Neurochem 2023; 167:668-679. [PMID: 37908051 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Identifying circulating metabolites associated with dementia, cognition, and brain volume may improve the understanding of dementia pathogenesis and provide novel insights for preventive and therapeutic interventions. This cohort study included a total of 87 885 participants (median follow-up of 9.1 years, 54% female) without dementia at baseline from the UK Biobank. A total of 249 plasma metabolites were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline. Cox proportional regression was used to examine the associations of each metabolite with incident dementia (cases = 1134), Alzheimer's disease (AD; cases = 488), and vascular dementia (VD; cases = 257) during follow-up. Dementia-associated metabolites were further analyzed for association with cognitive deficits (N = 87 885) and brain volume (N = 7756) using logistic regression and linear regression. We identified 26 metabolites associated with incident dementia, of which 6 were associated with incident AD and 5 were associated with incident VD. These 26 dementia-related metabolites were subfractions of intermediate-density lipoprotein, large low-density lipoprotein (L-LDL), small high-density lipoprotein (S-HDL), very-low-density lipoprotein, fatty acids, ketone bodies, citrate, glucose, and valine. Among them, the cholesterol percentage in L-LDL (L-LDL-C%) was associated with lower risk of AD (HR [95% CI] = 0.92 [0.87-0.97], p = 0.002), higher brain cortical (β = 0.047, p = 3.91 × 10-6 ), and hippocampal (β = 0.043, p = 1.93 × 10-4 ) volume. Cholesteryl ester-to-total lipid ratio in L-LDL (L-LDL-CE%) was associated with lower risk of AD (HR [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.90-0.96], p = 1.48 × 10-4 ), cognitive deficits (odds ratio = 0.98, p = 0.009), and higher hippocampal volume (β = 0.027, p = 0.009). Cholesteryl esters in S-HDL (S-HDL-CE) were associated with lower risk of VD (HR [95% CI] = 0.81 [0.71-0.93], p = 0.002), but not AD. Taken together, circulating levels of L-LDL-CE% and L-LDL-C% were robustly associated with risk of AD and AD phenotypes, but not with VD. S-HDL-CE was associated with lower risk of VD, but not with AD or AD phenotypes. These metabolites may play a role in the advancement of future intervention trials. Additional research is necessary to gain a complete comprehension of the molecular mechanisms behind these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang-Sheng Wu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Transfer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Bivona G, Iemmolo M, Ghersi G. Cerebrospinal and Blood Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Did Mild Cognitive Impairment Definition Affect Their Clinical Usefulness? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16908. [PMID: 38069230 PMCID: PMC10706963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite Alzheimer's Disease (AD) being known from the times of Alois Alzheimer, who lived more than one century ago, many aspects of the disease are still obscure, including the pathogenesis, the clinical spectrum definition, and the therapeutic approach. Well-established biomarkers for AD come from the histopathological hallmarks of the disease, which are Aβ and phosphorylated Tau protein aggregates. Consistently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Amyloid β (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau level measurements are currently used to detect AD presence. However, two central biases affect these biomarkers. Firstly, incomplete knowledge of the pathogenesis of diseases legitimates the search for novel molecules that, reasonably, could be expressed by neurons and microglia and could be detected in blood simpler and earlier than the classical markers and in a higher amount. Further, studies have been performed to evaluate whether CSF biomarkers can predict AD onset in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients. However, the MCI definition has changed over time. Hence, the studies on MCI patients seem to be biased at the beginning due to the imprecise enrollment and heterogeneous composition of the miscellaneous MCI subgroup. Plasma biomarkers and novel candidate molecules, such as microglia biomarkers, have been tentatively investigated and could represent valuable targets for diagnosing and monitoring AD. Also, novel AD markers are urgently needed to identify molecular targets for treatment strategies. This review article summarizes the main CSF and blood AD biomarkers, underpins their advantages and flaws, and mentions novel molecules that can be used as potential biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matilda Iemmolo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Choi JJ, Koscik RL, Jonaitis EM, Panyard DJ, Morrow AR, Johnson SC, Engelman CD, Schmitz LL. Assessing the Biological Mechanisms Linking Smoking Behavior and Cognitive Function: A Mediation Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomics. Metabolites 2023; 13:1154. [PMID: 37999250 PMCID: PMC10673384 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Smoking is the most significant preventable health hazard in the modern world. It increases the risk of vascular problems, which are also risk factors for dementia. In addition, toxins in cigarettes increase oxidative stress and inflammation, which have both been linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). This study identified potential mechanisms of the smoking-cognitive function relationship using metabolomics data from the longitudinal Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP). (2) 1266 WRAP participants were included to assess the association between smoking status and four cognitive composite scores. Next, untargeted metabolomic data were used to assess the relationships between smoking and metabolites. Metabolites significantly associated with smoking were then tested for association with cognitive composite scores. Total effect models and mediation models were used to explore the role of metabolites in smoking-cognitive function pathways. (3) Plasma N-acetylneuraminate was associated with smoking status Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite 3 (PACC3) and Immediate Learning (IMM). N-acetylneuraminate mediated 12% of the smoking-PACC3 relationship and 13% of the smoking-IMM relationship. (4) These findings provide links between previous studies that can enhance our understanding of potential biological pathways between smoking and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome J. Choi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (J.J.C.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Rebecca L. Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (R.L.K.); (E.M.J.)
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (R.L.K.); (E.M.J.)
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Daniel J. Panyard
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Autumn R. Morrow
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (J.J.C.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (R.L.K.); (E.M.J.)
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Middleton, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; (J.J.C.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Lauren L. Schmitz
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
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Guo Y, Zhao T, Chu X, Cheng Z. Development of a diagnostic and risk prediction model for Alzheimer's disease through integration of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analysis of glutamine metabolism. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1275793. [PMID: 38020758 PMCID: PMC10667556 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1275793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we present a novel system for quantifying glutamine metabolism (GM) to enhance the effectiveness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis and risk prediction. Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was utilized to comprehensively assess the expression patterns of GM. The WGCNA algorithm was applied to investigate the most significant genes related to GM. Subsequently, three machine learning algorithms (Boruta, LASSO, and SVM-RFE) were employed to identify GM-associated characteristic genes and develop a risk model. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on this model. Moreover, we explored biological properties, distinct signaling pathways, and immunological characteristics of AD patients at different risk levels. Finally, in vitro and in vivo models of AD were constructed to validate the characteristics of the feature genes. Results Both scRNA-seq and bulk transcriptomic analyses revealed increased GM activity in AD patients, specifically in certain cell subsets (pDC, Tem/Effector helper T cells (LTB), and plasma cells). Cells with higher GM scores demonstrated more significant numbers and strengths of interactions with other cell types. The WGCNA algorithm identified 360 genes related to GM, and a risk score was constructed based on nine characteristic genes (ATP13A4, PIK3C2A, CD164, PHF1, CES2, PDGFB, LCOR, TMEM30A, and PLXNA1) identified through multiple machine learning algorithms displayed reliable diagnostic efficacy for AD onset. Nomograms, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) based on these characteristic genes provided significant clinical benefits for AD patients. High-risk AD patients exhibited higher levels of immune-related functions and pathways, increased immune cell infiltration, and elevated expressions of immune modulators. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the majority of the nine characteristic genes were differentially expressed in AD-induced rat neurons. Knocking down PHF1 could protect against neurite loss and alleviate cell injury in AD neurons. In vivo, down-regulation of PHF1 in AD models decreases GM metabolism levels and modulates the immunoinflammatory response in the brain. Conclusion This comprehensive identification of gene expression patterns contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms driving AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, the risk model based on the nine-gene signature offers a promising theoretical foundation for developing individualized treatments for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tingru Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenyun Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Yu W, Chen L, Li X, Han T, Yang Y, Hu C, Yu W, Lü Y. Alteration of Metabolic Profiles during the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1459. [PMID: 37891827 PMCID: PMC10605479 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that threatens the population health of older adults. However, the mechanisms of the altered metabolism involved in AD pathology are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to identify the potential biomarkers of AD and discover the metabolomic changes produced during the progression of the disease. (2) Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to measure the concentrations of the serum metabolites in a cohort of subjects with AD (n = 88) and a cognitively normal control (CN) group (n = 85). The patients were classified as very mild (n = 25), mild (n = 27), moderate (n = 25), and severe (n = 11). The serum metabolic profiles were analyzed using multivariate and univariate approaches. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was applied to identify the potential biomarkers of AD. Biofunctional enrichment analysis was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. (3) Results: Our results revealed considerable separation between the AD and CN groups. Six metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of AD (AUC > 0.85), and the diagnostic model of three metabolites could predict the risk of AD with high accuracy (AUC = 0.984). The metabolic enrichment analysis revealed that carbohydrate metabolism deficiency and the disturbance of amino acid, fatty acid, and lipid metabolism were involved in AD progression. Especially, the pathway analysis highlighted that l-glutamate participated in four crucial nervous system pathways (including the GABAergic synapse, the glutamatergic synapse, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and the synaptic vesicle cycle). (4) Conclusions: Carbohydrate metabolism deficiency and amino acid dysregulation, fatty acid, and lipid metabolism disorders were pivotal events in AD progression. Our study may provide novel insights into the role of metabolic disorders in AD pathogenesis and identify new markers for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhan Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Xuebing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Tingli Han
- Department of Obsetric and Gyncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Weihua Yu
- Institutes of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (W.Y.); (L.C.)
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Harshfield EL, Markus HS. Association of Baseline Metabolomic Profiles With Incident Stroke and Dementia and With Imaging Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Neurology 2023; 101:e489-e501. [PMID: 37290969 PMCID: PMC10401678 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cerebral small vessel disease is a major cause of stroke and dementia. Metabolomics can help identify novel risk factors to better understand pathogenesis and predict disease progression and severity. METHODS We analyzed baseline metabolomic profiles from 118,021 UK Biobank participants. We examined cross-sectional associations of 325 metabolites with MRI markers of small vessel disease, evaluated longitudinal associations with incident stroke and dementia, and ascertained causal relationships using Mendelian randomization. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, lower levels of apolipoproteins, free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, fatty acids, lipoprotein particle concentrations, phospholipids, and triglycerides were associated with increased white matter microstructural damage on diffusion tensor MRI. In longitudinal analyses, lipoprotein subclasses of very large high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were associated with an increased risk of stroke, and acetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were associated with an increased risk of dementia. Mendelian randomization analyses identified strong evidence supporting causal relationships for many findings. A few metabolites had consistent associations across multiple analysis types. Increased total lipids in very large HDL and increased HDL particle size were associated with increased white matter damage (lower fractional anisotropy: OR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.07-1.95, and OR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.34, respectively; mean diffusivity: OR: 1.49, 95% CI 1.11-2.01, and OR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.40, respectively) and an increased risk of incident all stroke (HR: 4.04, 95% CI 2.13-7.64, and HR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.20-1.98, respectively) and ischemic stroke (HR: 3.12, 95% CI 1.53-6.38; HR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.04-1.81). Valine was associated with decreased mean diffusivity (OR: 0.51, 95% CI 0.30-0.88) and had a protective association with all-cause dementia (HR: 0.008, 95% CI 0.002-0.035). Increased levels of cholesterol in small HDL were associated with a decreased risk of incident all stroke (HR: 0.17, 95% CI 0.08-0.39) and ischemic stroke (HR: 0.19, 95% CI 0.08-0.46) and were supported by evidence of a causal association with MRI-confirmed lacunar stroke (OR: 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99). DISCUSSION In this large-scale metabolomics study, we found multiple metabolites associated with stroke, dementia, and MRI markers of small vessel disease. Further studies may help inform the development of personalized prediction models and provide insights into mechanistic pathways and future treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Harshfield
- From the Stroke Research Group (E.L.H., H.S.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge; and Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute (E.L.H., H.S.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Hugh S Markus
- From the Stroke Research Group (E.L.H., H.S.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge; and Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute (E.L.H., H.S.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Slaney C, Sallis HM, Jones HJ, Dardani C, Tilling K, Munafò MR, Davey Smith G, Mahedy L, Khandaker GM. Association between inflammation and cognition: Triangulation of evidence using a population-based cohort and Mendelian randomization analyses. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:30-42. [PMID: 36791891 PMCID: PMC10728829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is associated with cognitive functioning and dementia in older adults, but whether inflammation is related to cognitive functioning in youth and whether these associations are causal remains unclear. METHODS In a population-based cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; ALSPAC), we investigated cross-sectional associations of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], Interleukin-6 [IL-6] and Glycoprotein acetyls [GlycA]) with measures of cold (working memory, response inhibition) and hot (emotion recognition) cognition at age 24 (N = 3,305 in multiple imputation models). Furthermore, we conducted one-sample and two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine potential causal effects of genetically-proxied inflammatory markers (CRP, GlycA, IL-6, IL-6 receptor, soluble IL-6 receptor) on cognitive measures (above) and on general cognitive ability. RESULTS In the ALSPAC cohort, there was limited evidence of an association between standardised inflammatory markers and standardised cognitive measures at age 24 after adjusting for potential confounders (N = 3,305; beta range, -0.02 [95 % confidence interval (CI) -0.06 to 0.02, p = 0.27] to 0.02 [95 % CI -0.02 to 0.05, p = 0.33]). Similarly, we found limited evidence of potential effects of 1-unit increase in genetically-proxied inflammatory markers on standardised working memory, emotion recognition or response inhibition in one-sample MR using ALSPAC data (beta range, -0.73 [95 % CI -2.47 to 1.01, p = 0.41] to 0.21 [95 % CI -1.42 to 1.84, p = 0.80]; or on standardised general cognitive ability in two-sample MR using the latest Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) datasets (inverse-variance weighted beta range, -0.02 [95 % CI -0.05 to 0.01, p = 0.12] to 0.03 [95 % CI -0.01 to 0.07, p = 0.19]). CONCLUSIONS Our MR findings do not provide strong evidence of a potential causal effect of inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, IL-6 receptor, GlycA) on the cognitive functions examined here. Given the large confidence intervals in the one-sample MR, larger GWAS of specific cognitive measures are needed to enable well-powered MR analyses to investigate whether inflammation causally influences specific cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Slaney
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK; School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, UK; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
| | - Hannah M Sallis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK; School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, UK; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah J Jones
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| | - Christina Dardani
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK; School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| | - Liam Mahedy
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| | - Golam M Khandaker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
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He Y, Huang SY, Wang HF, Zhang W, Deng YT, Zhang YR, Dong Q, Feng JF, Cheng W, Yu JT. Circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish oil supplementation, and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 440,750 participants. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00778-6. [PMID: 37046127 PMCID: PMC10400523 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohort studies report inconsistent associations between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) or fish oil and dementia risk. Furthermore, evidence relating omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) with dementia is scarce. Here, we included 440,750 dementia-free participants from UK Biobank to comprehensively investigate the associations between plasma levels of different types of PUFA, fish oil supplementation, and dementia risk. During a median follow-up of 9.25 years, 7768 incident dementia events occurred. Higher plasma levels of five PUFA measures showed consistent associations with lower dementia risk (hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] for per standard deviation increment of plasma concentrations 0.85 [0.81-0.89] for total PUFAs; 0.90 [0.86-0.95] for omega-3 PUFAs; 0.92 [0.87-0.96] for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); 0.86 [0.82-0.90] for omega-6 PUFAs; 0.86 [0.82-0.90] for linoleic acid (LA); all p < 0.001). Compared with non-users, fish oil supplement users had a 7% decreased risk of developing all-cause dementia (0.93 [0.89-0.97], p = 0.002), and the relationship was partially mediated by plasma n-3 PUFA levels (omega-3 PUFAs: proportion of mediation = 57.99%; DHA: proportion of mediation = 56.95%). Furthermore, we observed significant associations of plasma n-3 PUFA levels and fish oil supplementation with peripheral immune markers that were related to dementia risk, as well as the positive associations of plasma PUFA levels with brain gray matter volumes and white matter microstructural integrity, suggesting they may affect dementia risk by affecting peripheral immunity and brain structure. Taken together, higher plasma PUFA levels and fish oil supplementation were associated with lower risk of incident dementia. This study may support the value of interventions to target PUFAs (specifically n-3 PUFAs) to prevent dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of NeurologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceNational Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of NeurologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceNational Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Ting Deng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of NeurologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceNational Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of NeurologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceNational Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of NeurologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceNational Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of NeurologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceNational Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of NeurologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceNational Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Granot-Hershkovitz E, He S, Bressler J, Yu B, Tarraf W, Rebholz CM, Cai J, Chan Q, Garcia TP, Mosley T, Kristal BS, DeCarli C, Fornage M, Chen GC, Qi Q, Kaplan R, Gonzalez HM, Sofer T. Plasma metabolites associated with cognitive function across race/ethnicities affirming the importance of healthy nutrition. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:1331-1342. [PMID: 36111689 PMCID: PMC10017373 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We studied the replication and generalization of previously identified metabolites potentially associated with global cognitive function in multiple race/ethnicities and assessed the contribution of diet to these associations. METHODS We tested metabolite-cognitive function associations in U.S.A. Hispanic/Latino adults (n = 2222) from the Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and in European (n = 1365) and African (n = 478) Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study. We applied Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to assess causal associations between the metabolites and cognitive function and between Mediterranean diet and cognitive function. RESULTS Six metabolites were consistently associated with lower global cognitive function across all studies. Of these, four were sugar-related (e.g., ribitol). MR analyses provided weak evidence for a potential causal effect of ribitol on cognitive function and bi-directional effects of cognitive performance on diet. DISCUSSION Several diet-related metabolites were associated with global cognitive function across studies with different race/ethnicities. HIGHLIGHTS Metabolites associated with cognitive function in Puerto Rican adults were recently identified. We demonstrate the generalizability of these associations across diverse race/ethnicities. Most identified metabolites are related to sugars. Mendelian Randomization (MR) provides weak evidence for a causal effect of ribitol on cognitive function. Beta-cryptoxanthin and other metabolites highlight the importance of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Granot-Hershkovitz
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shan He
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, CA, USA
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tanya P. Garcia
- Department of Neurology, School of medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Thomas Mosley
- Department of Neurology, School of medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Bruce S. Kristal
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qibin Qi
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Hector M. Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Andersen JV, Schousboe A. Glial Glutamine Homeostasis in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1100-1128. [PMID: 36322369 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is an essential cerebral metabolite. Several critical brain processes are directly linked to glutamine, including ammonia homeostasis, energy metabolism and neurotransmitter recycling. Astrocytes synthesize and release large quantities of glutamine, which is taken up by neurons to replenish the glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter pools. Astrocyte glutamine hereby sustains the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, synaptic transmission and general brain function. Cerebral glutamine homeostasis is linked to the metabolic coupling of neurons and astrocytes, and relies on multiple cellular processes, including TCA cycle function, synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter uptake. Dysregulations of processes related to glutamine homeostasis are associated with several neurological diseases and may mediate excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. In particular, diminished astrocyte glutamine synthesis is a common neuropathological component, depriving neurons of an essential metabolic substrate and precursor for neurotransmitter synthesis, hereby leading to synaptic dysfunction. While astrocyte glutamine synthesis is quantitatively dominant in the brain, oligodendrocyte-derived glutamine may serve important functions in white matter structures. In this review, the crucial roles of glial glutamine homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain are discussed. First, we provide an overview of cellular recycling, transport, synthesis and metabolism of glutamine in the brain. These cellular aspects are subsequently discussed in relation to pathological glutamine homeostasis of hepatic encephalopathy, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Further studies on the multifaceted roles of cerebral glutamine will not only increase our understanding of the metabolic collaboration between brain cells, but may also aid to reveal much needed therapeutic targets of several neurological pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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26
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Zhu D, Zhu Y, Liu L, He X, Fu S. Metabolomic analysis of vascular cognitive impairment due to hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1109019. [PMID: 37008043 PMCID: PMC10062391 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1109019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionScreening for metabolically relevant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) to explore the possible mechanisms of HCC-induced VCI.MethodsBased on metabolomic and gene expression data for HCC and VCI, 14 genes were identified as being associated with changes in HCC metabolites, and 71 genes were associated with changes in VCI metabolites. Multi-omics analysis was used to screen 360 DEGs associated with HCC metabolism and 63 DEGs associated with VCI metabolism.ResultsAccording to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, 882 HCC-associated DEGs were identified and 343 VCI-associated DEGs were identified. Eight genes were found at the intersection of these two gene sets: NNMT, PHGDH, NR1I2, CYP2J2, PON1, APOC2, CCL2, and SOCS3. The HCC metabolomics prognostic model was constructed and proved to have a good prognostic effect. The HCC metabolomics prognostic model was constructed and proved to have a good prognostic effect. Following principal component analyses (PCA), functional enrichment analyses, immune function analyses, and TMB analyses, these eight DEGs were identified as possibly affecting HCC-induced VCI and the immune microenvironment. As well as gene expression and gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA), a potential drug screen was conducted to investigate the possible mechanisms involved in HCC-induced VCI. The drug screening revealed the potential clinical efficacy of A-443654, A-770041, AP-24534, BI-2536, BMS- 509744, CGP-60474, and CGP-082996.ConclusionHCC-associated metabolic DEGs may influence the development of VCI in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yamei Zhu
- Deptartment of Infectious Diseases, Wuhua Ward, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Dalian Hunter Information Consulting Co. LTD, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shizhong Fu
- Deptartment of Infectious Diseases, Wuhua Ward, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhong Fu ;
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27
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Rosenson RS, Cushman M, McKinley EC, Muntner P, Wang Z, Vaisar T, Heinecke J, Tangney C, Judd S, Colantonio LD. Association Between Triglycerides and Incident Cognitive Impairment in Black and White Adults in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e026833. [PMID: 36802918 PMCID: PMC10111434 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Elevated nonfasting triglycerides were associated with non-Alzheimer dementia in a recent study. However, this study neither evaluated the association of fasting triglycerides with incident cognitive impairment (ICI) nor adjusted for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), known risk markers for ICI and dementia. Methods and Results We examined the association between fasting triglycerides and ICI among 16 170 participants in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study without cognitive impairment or a history of stroke at baseline in 2003 to 2007 and who had no stroke events during follow-up through September 2018. Overall, 1151 participants developed ICI during the median follow-up of 9.6 years. The relative risk for ICI associated with fasting triglycerides of ≥150 mg/dL versus <100 mg/dL including adjustment for age and geographic region of residence was 1.59 (95% CI, 1.20-2.11) among White women and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.00-1.62) among Black women. After multivariable adjustment, including adjustment for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hs-CRP, the relative risk for ICI associated with fasting triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL versus <100 mg/dL was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.09-2.06) among White women and 1.21 (95% CI, 0.93-1.57) among Black women. There was no evidence of an association between triglycerides and ICI among White or Black men. Conclusions Elevated fasting triglycerides were associated with ICI in White women after full adjustment including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hs-CRP. The current results suggest that the association between triglycerides and ICI is stronger in women than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Rosenson
- Department of CardiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of MedicineUniversity of VermontColchesterVT
| | - Emily C. McKinley
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Jay Heinecke
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Christy Tangney
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive MedicineRush University and Medical CenterChicagoIL
| | - Suzanne Judd
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Lisandro D. Colantonio
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
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28
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Yin C, Harms AC, Hankemeier T, Kindt A, de Lange ECM. Status of Metabolomic Measurement for Insights in Alzheimer's Disease Progression-What Is Missing? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054960. [PMID: 36902391 PMCID: PMC10003384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease, leading to the progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. As there is still no cure for AD, the growth in the number of susceptible individuals represents a major emerging threat to public health. Currently, the pathogenesis and etiology of AD remain poorly understood, while no efficient treatments are available to slow down the degenerative effects of AD. Metabolomics allows the study of biochemical alterations in pathological processes which may be involved in AD progression and to discover new therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the results from studies on metabolomics analysis performed in biological samples of AD subjects and AD animal models. Then this information was analyzed by using MetaboAnalyst to find the disturbed pathways among different sample types in human and animal models at different disease stages. We discuss the underlying biochemical mechanisms involved, and the extent to which they could impact the specific hallmarks of AD. Then we identify gaps and challenges and provide recommendations for future metabolomics approaches to better understand AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Yin
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy C. Harms
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alida Kindt
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C. M. de Lange
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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29
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Mei Z, Hong Y, Yang H, Cai S, Hu Y, Chen Q, Yuan Z, Liu X. Ferulic acid alleviates high fat diet-induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 946:175642. [PMID: 36871664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has become a major public health problem. Growing evidence suggests that high-fat diet (HFD) can cause cognitive dysfunction and increase the risk of dementia. However, effective treatment for cognitive impairment is not available. Ferulic acid (FA) is a single phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, its role in regulating learning and memory in HFD-fed mice and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the neuroprotective mechanisms of FA in HFD induced cognitive impairment. We found that FA improved the survival rate of HT22 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA), inhibited cell apoptosis, and reduced oxidative stress via the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway; Furthermore, FA treatment for 24 weeks improved the learning and memory of HFD-fed mice and decreased hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the expression of Nrf2 and Gpx4 proteins were decreased in HFD-fed mice. After FA treatment, the decline of these proteins was reversed. Our study showed that the neuroprotective effect of FA on cognitive impairment was related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. These findings suggested that FA can be developed as a potential agent for the treatment of HFD-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, PR China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510440, PR China
| | - Haiyi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, PR China
| | - Shihong Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, PR China
| | - Yujun Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qibo Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zhongwen Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510150, PR China.
| | - Xixia Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Husain MA, Vachon A, Chouinard-Watkins R, Vandal M, Calon F, Plourde M. Investigating the plasma-liver-brain axis of omega-3 fatty acid metabolism in mouse knock-in for the human apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109181. [PMID: 36220526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, is different in carriers of APOE4, the main genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The brain relies on the plasma DHA pool for its need, but the plasma-liver-brain axis in relation to cognition remains obscure. We hypothesized that this relationship is compromised in APOE4 mice considering the differences in fatty acid metabolism between APOE3 and APOE4 mice. Male and female APOE3 and APOE4 mice were fed either a diet enriched with DHA (0.7 g DHA/100 g diet) or a control diet for 8 months. There was a significant genotype × diet interaction for DHA concentration in the liver and adipose tissue. In the cortex, a genotype effect was found where APOE4 mice had a higher concentration of DHA than APOE3 mice fed the control diet. There was a significant genotype × diet interaction for the liver and hippocampal arachidonic acid (AA). APOE4 mice had 20-30% lower plasma DHA and AA concentrations than APOE3 mice, independent of diet. Plasma and liver DHA levels were significantly correlated in APOE3 and APOE4 mice. In APOE4 mice, there was a significant correlation between plasma, adipose tissues, cortex DHA and the Barnes maze and/or with a better recognition index. Moreover, higher AA levels in the liver and the hippocampus of APOE4 mice were correlated with lower cognitive performance. Our results suggest that there is a plasma-liver-brain axis of DHA that is modified in APOE4 mice. Moreover, our data support that APOE4 mice rely more on plasma DHA than APOE3 mice, especially in cognitive performance. Any disturbance in plasma DHA metabolism might have a greater impact on cognition in APOE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Amir Husain
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annick Vachon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Milène Vandal
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie et center de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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Bonnechère B, Liu J, Thompson A, Amin N, van Duijn C. Does ethnicity influence dementia, stroke and mortality risk? Evidence from the UK Biobank. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1111321. [PMID: 37124771 PMCID: PMC10140594 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of people with dementia and stroke is increasing worldwide. There is increasing evidence that there are clinically relevant genetic differences across ethnicities. This study aims to quantify risk factors of dementia, stroke, and mortality in Asian and black participants compared to whites. Methods 272,660 participants from the UK Biobank were included in the final analysis, among whom the vast majority are white (n = 266,671, 97.80%), followed by Asian (n = 3,790, 1.35%), and black (n = 2,358, 0.84%) participants. Cumulative incidence risk was calculated based on all incident cases occurring during the follow-up of the individuals without dementia and stroke at baseline. We compared the allele frequency of variants in Asian and black participants with the referent ethnicity, whites, by chi-square test. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used in the clustering analysis. Significance level corrected for the false discovery rate was considered. Results After adjusting for risk factors, black participants have an increased risk of dementia and stroke compared to white participants, while Asians has similar odds to the white. The risk of mortality is not different in blacks and white participants but Asians have a decreased risk. Discussion The study provides important insights into the potential differences in the risk of dementia and stroke among different ethnic groups. Specifically, the study found that black individuals had a higher incidence of dementia and stroke compared to white individuals living in the UK. These findings are particularly significant as they suggest that there may be underlying factors that contribute to these differences, including genetic, environmental, and social factors. By identifying these differences, the study helps to inform interventions and policies aimed at reducing the risk of dementia and stroke, particularly among high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonnechère
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Technology-Supported and Data-Driven Rehabilitation, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Thompson
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Najaf Amin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Cornelia van Duijn,
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Satizabal CL, Himali JJ, Beiser AS, Ramachandran V, Melo van Lent D, Himali D, Aparicio HJ, Maillard P, DeCarli CS, Harris WS, Seshadri S. Association of Red Blood Cell Omega-3 Fatty Acids With MRI Markers and Cognitive Function in Midlife: The Framingham Heart Study. Neurology 2022; 99:e2572-e2582. [PMID: 36198518 PMCID: PMC9754651 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diet may be a key contributor to brain health in midlife. In particular, omega-3 fatty acids have been related to better neurologic outcomes in older adults. However, studies focusing on midlife are lacking. We investigated the cross-sectional association of red blood cell (RBC) omega-3 fatty acid concentrations with MRI and cognitive markers of brain aging in a community-based sample of predominantly middle-aged adults and further explore effect modification by APOE genotype. METHODS We included participants from the Third-Generation and Omni 2 cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study attending their second examination. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations were measured from RBC using gas chromatography, and the Omega-3 index was calculated as EPA + DHA. We used linear regression models to relate omega-3 fatty acid concentrations to brain MRI measures (i.e., total brain, total gray matter, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensity volumes) and cognitive function (i.e., episodic memory, processing speed, executive function, and abstract reasoning) adjusting for potential confounders. We further tested for interactions between omega-3 fatty acid levels and APOE genotype (e4 carrier vs noncarrier) on MRI and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS We included 2,183 dementia-free and stroke-free participants (mean age of 46 years, 53% women, 22% APOE-e4 carriers). In multivariable models, higher Omega-3 index was associated with larger hippocampal volumes (standard deviation unit beta ±standard error; 0.003 ± 0.001, p = 0.013) and better abstract reasoning (0.17 ± 0.07, p = 0.013). Similar results were obtained for DHA or EPA concentrations individually. Stratification by APOE-e4 status showed associations between higher DHA concentrations or Omega-3 index and larger hippocampal volumes in APOE-e4 noncarriers, whereas higher EPA concentrations were related to better abstract reasoning in APOE-e4 carriers. Finally, higher levels of all omega-3 predictors were related to lower white matter hyperintensity burden but only in APOE-e4 carriers. DISCUSSION Our results, albeit exploratory, suggest that higher omega-3 fatty acid concentrations are related to better brain structure and cognitive function in a predominantly middle-aged cohort free of clinical dementia. These associations differed by APOE genotype, suggesting potentially different metabolic patterns by APOE status. Additional studies in middle-aged populations are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia L Satizabal
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD.
| | - Jayandra Jung Himali
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Vasan Ramachandran
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Dibya Himali
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Hugo J Aparicio
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Pauline Maillard
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - William S Harris
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
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Metabolomic profiles predict individual multidisease outcomes. Nat Med 2022; 28:2309-2320. [PMID: 36138150 PMCID: PMC9671812 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Risk stratification is critical for the early identification of high-risk individuals and disease prevention. Here we explored the potential of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-derived metabolomic profiles to inform on multidisease risk beyond conventional clinical predictors for the onset of 24 common conditions, including metabolic, vascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and neurological diseases and cancers. Specifically, we trained a neural network to learn disease-specific metabolomic states from 168 circulating metabolic markers measured in 117,981 participants with ~1.4 million person-years of follow-up from the UK Biobank and validated the model in four independent cohorts. We found metabolomic states to be associated with incident event rates in all the investigated conditions, except breast cancer. For 10-year outcome prediction for 15 endpoints, with and without established metabolic contribution, a combination of age and sex and the metabolomic state equaled or outperformed established predictors. Moreover, metabolomic state added predictive information over comprehensive clinical variables for eight common diseases, including type 2 diabetes, dementia and heart failure. Decision curve analyses showed that predictive improvements translated into clinical utility for a wide range of potential decision thresholds. Taken together, our study demonstrates both the potential and limitations of NMR-derived metabolomic profiles as a multidisease assay to inform on the risk of many common diseases simultaneously.
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Machado-Fragua MD, Landré B, Chen M, Fayosse A, Dugravot A, Kivimaki M, Sabia S, Singh-Manoux A. Circulating serum metabolites as predictors of dementia: a machine learning approach in a 21-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study. BMC Med 2022; 20:334. [PMID: 36163029 PMCID: PMC9513883 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age is the strongest risk factor for dementia and there is considerable interest in identifying scalable, blood-based biomarkers in predicting dementia. We examined the role of midlife serum metabolites using a machine learning approach and determined whether the selected metabolites improved prediction accuracy beyond the effect of age. METHODS Five thousand three hundred seventy-four participants from the Whitehall II study, mean age 55.8 (standard deviation (SD) 6.0) years in 1997-1999 when 233 metabolites were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics. Participants were followed for a median 21.0 (IQR 20.4, 21.7) years for clinically-diagnosed dementia (N=329). Elastic net penalized Cox regression with 100 repetitions of nested cross-validation was used to select models that improved prediction accuracy for incident dementia compared to an age-only model. Risk scores reflecting the frequency with which predictors appeared in the selected models were constructed, and their predictive accuracy was examined using Royston's R2, Akaike's information criterion, sensitivity, specificity, C-statistic and calibration. RESULTS Sixteen of the 100 models had a better c-statistic compared to an age-only model and 15 metabolites were selected at least once in all 16 models with glucose present in all models. Five risk scores, reflecting the frequency of selection of metabolites, and a 1-SD increment in all five risk scores was associated with higher dementia risk (HR between 3.13 and 3.26). Three of these, constituted of 4, 5 and 15 metabolites, had better prediction accuracy (c-statistic from 0.788 to 0.796) compared to an age-only model (c-statistic 0.780), all p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Although there was robust evidence for the role of glucose in dementia, metabolites measured in midlife made only a modest contribution to dementia prediction once age was taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D Machado-Fragua
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Benjamin Landré
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Chen
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Fayosse
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Aline Dugravot
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Ozaki T, Yoshino Y, Tachibana A, Shimizu H, Mori T, Nakayama T, Mawatari K, Numata S, Iga JI, Takahashi A, Ohmori T, Ueno SI. Metabolomic alterations in the blood plasma of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (from the Nakayama Study). Sci Rep 2022; 12:15205. [PMID: 36075959 PMCID: PMC9458733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease, and the number of AD patients is increasing every year as the population ages. One of the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD is thought to be the effect of metabolomic abnormalities. There have been several studies of metabolomic abnormalities of AD, and new biomarkers are being investigated. Metabolomic studies have been attracting attention, and the aim of this study was to identify metabolomic biomarkers associated with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Of the 927 participants in the Nakayama Study conducted in Iyo City, Ehime Prefecture, 106 were selected for this study as Control (n = 40), MCI (n = 26), and AD (n = 40) groups, matched by age and sex. Metabolomic comparisons were made across the three groups. Then, correlations between metabolites and clinical symptoms were examined. The blood mRNA levels of the ornithine metabolic enzymes were also measured. Of the plasma metabolites, significant differences were found in ornithine, uracil, and lysine. Ornithine was significantly decreased in the AD group compared to the Control and MCI groups (Control vs. AD: 97.2 vs. 77.4; P = 0.01, MCI vs. AD: 92.5 vs. 77.4; P = 0.02). Uracil and lysine were also significantly decreased in the AD group compared to the Control group (uracil, Control vs. AD: 272 vs. 235; P = 0.04, lysine, Control vs. AD: 208 vs. 176; P = 0.03). In the total sample, the MMSE score was significantly correlated with lysine, ornithine, thymine, and uracil. The Barthel index score was significantly correlated with lysine. The instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) score were significantly correlated with lysine, betaine, creatine, and thymine. In the ornithine metabolism pathway, the spermine synthase mRNA level was significantly decreased in AD. Ornithine was decreased, and mRNA expressions related to its metabolism were changed in the AD group compared to the Control and MCI groups, suggesting an association between abnormal ornithine metabolism and AD. Increased betaine and decreased methionine may also have the potential to serve as markers of higher IADL in elderly persons. Plasma metabolites may be useful for predicting the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tachibana
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nakayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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Li W, Sun X, Liu Y, Ge M, Lu Y, Liu X, Zhou L, Liu X, Dong B, Yue J, Xue Q, Dai L, Dong B. Plasma metabolomics and lipidomics signatures of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in community-dwelling older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:977191. [PMID: 36158552 PMCID: PMC9490321 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.977191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMotoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is characterized by subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) and slow gait (SG). Metabolomics and lipidomics may potentiate disclosure of the underlying mechanisms of MCR.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study from the West China Health and Aging Trend cohort study (WCHAT). The operational definition of MCR is the presence of SCCs and SG without dementia or mobility disability. The test and analysis were based on untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics, consensus clustering, lasso regression and 10-fold cross-validation.ResultsThis study enrolled 6,031 individuals for clinical analysis and 577 plasma samples for omics analysis. The overall prevalence of MCR was 9.7%, and the prevalence of MCR-only, assessed cognitive impairment-only (CI-only) and MCR-CI were 7.5, 13.3, and 2.1%, respectively. By consensus clustering analysis, MCR-only was clustered into three metabolic subtypes, MCR-I, MCR-II and MCR-III. Clinically, body fat mass (OR = 0.89, CI = 0.82–0.96) was negatively correlated with MCR-I, and comorbidity (OR = 2.19, CI = 1.10–4.38) was positively correlated with MCR-III. Diabetes mellitus had the highest ORs above 1 in MCR-II and MCR-III (OR = 3.18, CI = 1.02–9.91; OR = 2.83, CI = 1.33–6.04, respectively). The risk metabolites of MCR-III showed relatively high similarity with those of cognitive impairment. Notably, L-proline, L-cystine, ADMA, and N1-acetylspermidine were significantly changed in MCR-only, and PC(40:3), SM(32:1), TG(51:3), eicosanoic acid(20:1), methyl-D-galactoside and TG(50:3) contributed most to the prediction model for MCR-III.InterpretationPre-dementia syndrome of MCR has distinct metabolic subtypes, and SCCs and SG may cause different metabolic changes to develop MCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanmeng Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiling Ge
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixing Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jirong Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianli Xue
- Department of Medicine, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lunzhi Dai,
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Birong Dong,
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Kadyrov M, Whiley L, Brown B, Erickson KI, Holmes E. Associations of the Lipidome with Ageing, Cognitive Decline and Exercise Behaviours. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090822. [PMID: 36144226 PMCID: PMC9505967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most recognisable features of ageing is a decline in brain health and cognitive dysfunction, which is associated with perturbations to regular lipid homeostasis. Although ageing is the largest risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, a loss in cognitive function is commonly observed in adults over the age of 65. Despite the prevalence of normal age-related cognitive decline, there is a lack of effective methods to improve the health of the ageing brain. In light of this, exercise has shown promise for positively influencing neurocognitive health and associated lipid profiles. This review summarises age-related changes in several lipid classes that are found in the brain, including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids and sterols, and explores the consequences of age-associated pathological cognitive decline on these lipid classes. Evidence of the positive effects of exercise on the affected lipid profiles are also discussed to highlight the potential for exercise to be used therapeutically to mitigate age-related changes to lipid metabolism and prevent cognitive decline in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kadyrov
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Belinda Brown
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
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38
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Zhang X, Hu W, Wang Y, Wang W, Liao H, Zhang X, Kiburg KV, Shang X, Bulloch G, Huang Y, Zhang X, Tang S, Hu Y, Yu H, Yang X, He M, Zhu Z. Plasma metabolomic profiles of dementia: a prospective study of 110,655 participants in the UK Biobank. BMC Med 2022; 20:252. [PMID: 35965319 PMCID: PMC9377110 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma metabolomic profile is disturbed in dementia patients, but previous studies have discordant conclusions. METHODS Circulating metabolomic data of 110,655 people in the UK Biobank study were measured with nuclear magnetic resonance technique, and incident dementia records were obtained from national health registers. The associations between plasma metabolites and dementia were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. The 10-fold cross-validation elastic net regression models selected metabolites that predicted incident dementia, and a 10-year prediction model for dementia was constructed by multivariable logistic regression. The predictive values of the conventional risk model, the metabolites model, and the combined model were discriminated by comparison of area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). Net reclassification improvement (NRI) was used to estimate the change of reclassification ability when adding metabolites into the conventional prediction model. RESULTS Amongst 110,655 participants, the mean (standard deviation) age was 56.5 (8.1) years, and 51 186 (46.3%) were male. A total of 1439 (13.0%) developed dementia during a median follow-up of 12.2 years (interquartile range: 11.5-12.9 years). A total of 38 metabolites, including lipids and lipoproteins, ketone bodies, glycolysis-related metabolites, and amino acids, were found to be significantly associated with incident dementia. Adding selected metabolites (n=24) to the conventional dementia risk prediction model significantly improved the prediction for incident dementia (AUC: 0.824 versus 0.817, p =0.042) and reclassification ability (NRI = 4.97%, P = 0.009) for identifying high risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis identified various metabolomic biomarkers which were significantly associated with incident dementia. Metabolomic profiles also provided opportunities for dementia risk reclassification. These findings may help explain the biological mechanisms underlying dementia and improve dementia prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liao
- Neural Regeneration Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiayin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Katerina V Kiburg
- Centre for Eye Research, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gabriella Bulloch
- Centre for Eye Research, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Hu
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
- Centre for Eye Research, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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39
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Yassine HN, Samieri C, Livingston G, Glass K, Wagner M, Tangney C, Plassman BL, Ikram MA, Voigt RM, Gu Y, O’Bryant S, Minihane AM, Craft S, Fink HA, Judd S, Andrieu S, Bowman GL, Richard E, Albensi B, Meyers E, Khosravian S, Solis M, Carrillo M, Snyder H, Grodstein F, Scarmeas N, Schneider LS. Nutrition state of science and dementia prevention: recommendations of the Nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2022; 3:e501-e512. [PMID: 35821792 PMCID: PMC9273104 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that nutritional factors have a potential cognitive benefit. However, systematic reviews of randomised trials of dietary and nutritional supplements have reported largely null effects on cognitive outcomes and have highlighted study inconsistencies and other limitations. In this Personal View, the Nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group presents what we consider to be limitations in the existing nutrition clinical trials for dementia prevention. On the basis of this evidence, we propose recommendations for incorporating dietary patterns and the use of genetic, and nutrition assessment tools, biomarkers, and novel clinical trial designs to guide future trial developments. Nutrition-based research has unique challenges that could require testing both more personalised interventions in targeted risk subgroups, identified by nutritional and other biomarkers, and large-scale and pragmatic study designs for more generalisable public health interventions across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gill Livingston
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Maude Wagner
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Christy Tangney
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Brenda L Plassman
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Yian Gu
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Sid O’Bryant
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Howard A Fink
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Suzanne Judd
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Gene L Bowman
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Benedict Albensi
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Emily Meyers
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Serly Khosravian
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Michele Solis
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Maria Carrillo
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
| | - Heather Snyder
- Department of Medicine (H N Yassine MD) and Department of Neurology (H
N Yassine, Prof L S Schneider MD MS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
(Prof L S Schneider), and Department of Gerontology (Prof L S Schneider), Keck
School of Medicine and Department of Medicine (S Khosravian BA), University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bordeaux population health U1219,
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)—University of
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (C Samieri PhD); Division of Psychiatry, University
College London, London, UK (G Livingston MD); Camden and Islington NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK (G Livingston); Channing Division of Network
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA (K Glass PhD);
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (K Glass) and Department of
Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health (K Glass), Harvard
University, Boston MA, USA; Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (M Wagner
PhD, F Grodstein ScD), Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Preventive Medicine
(C Tangney PhD), Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research (R M
Voigt PhD), Department of Internal Medicine (R M Voigt), and Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology (R M Voigt), Rush University Medical Center (M Wagner)
and Department of Neurological Sciences (M Wagner), Rush Medical College, Rush
University, Chicago IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Duke University, Durham NC, USA (B L Plassman PhD); Department of Epidemiology,
Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands (M A Ikram MD PhD);
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology, Taub Institute,
Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (Y Gu MD PhD), and
Department of Neurology (N Scarmeas MD), Colombia University, New York, NY, USA;
University of North Texas Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort
Worth, Texas TX, USA (S O’Bryant PhD); Norwich Medical School (A M
Minihane PhD) and Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing (A M Minihane), University
of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC,
USA (S Craft PhD); Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis
VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA (H A Fink MD MPH); Biostatistics
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
(S Judd PhD MPH); Aging Research team, Centre for Epidemiology and Research in
Population Health, INSERM (S Andrieu MD PhD) and Department of Clinical
Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Toulouse Hospital, University of
Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (S Andrieu); NIA-Layton
Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland OR, USA (G L Bowman ND MPH);
Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland
OR, USA (G L Bowman); Department of Neurology, Donders Institute from Brain,
Behavior and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
(E Richard MD PhD); Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam
University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (E
Richard); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova
Southeastern University, Davie FL, USA (B Albensi PhD); St Boniface Hospital
Research Center, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi); Department of Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada (B Albensi);
Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, IL, USA (E Meyers PhD, M Solis PhD, M
Carrillo PhD, H Snyder PhD); Department of Neurology, Aiginitio Hospital,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
(N Scarmeas)
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Sala-Vila A, Satizabal CL, Tintle N, Melo van Lent D, Vasan RS, Beiser AS, Seshadri S, Harris WS. Red Blood Cell DHA Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Alzheimer's Disease and All-Cause Dementia: Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:2408. [PMID: 35745137 PMCID: PMC9228504 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) might help prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). Red blood cell (RBC) status of DHA is an objective measure of long-term dietary DHA intake. In this prospective observational study conducted within the Framingham Offspring Cohort (1490 dementia-free participants aged ≥65 years old), we examined the association of RBC DHA with incident AD, testing for an interaction with APOE-ε4 carriership. During the follow-up (median, 7.2 years), 131 cases of AD were documented. In fully adjusted models, risk for incident AD in the highest RBC DHA quintile (Q5) was 49% lower compared with the lowest quintile (Q1) (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27, 0.96). An increase in RBC DHA from Q1 to Q5 was predicted to provide an estimated 4.7 additional years of life free of AD. We observed an interaction DHA × APOE-ε4 carriership for AD. Borderline statistical significance for a lower risk of AD was observed per standard deviation increase in RBC DHA (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.00, p = 0.053) in APOE-ε4 carriers, but not in non-carriers (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.11, p = 0.240). These findings add to the increasing body of literature suggesting a robust association worth exploring dietary DHA as one strategy to prevent or delay AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Sala-Vila
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Department of Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA 51250, USA
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Alexa S. Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - William S. Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57069, USA
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You W, Henneberg R, Henneberg M. Healthcare services relaxing natural selection may contribute to increase of dementia incidence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8873. [PMID: 35614150 PMCID: PMC9132962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing and genetic traits can only explain the increasing dementia incidence partially. Advanced healthcare services allow dementia patients to survive natural selection and pass their genes onto the next generation. Country-specific estimates of dementia incidence rates (all ages and 15-49 years old), Biological State Index expressing reduced natural selection (Is), ageing indexed by life expectancy e(65), GDP PPP and urbanization were obtained for analysing the global and regional correlations between reduced natural selection and dementia incidence with SPSS v. 27. Worldwide, Is significantly, but inversely, correlates with dementia incidence rates for both all ages and 15-49 years old in bivariate correlations. These relationships remain inversely correlated regardless of the competing contributing effects from ageing, GDP and urbanization in partial correlation model. Results of multiple linear regression (enter) have shown that Is is the significant predictor of dementia incidence among all ages and 15-49 years old. Subsequently, Is was selected as the variable having the greatest influence on dementia incidence in stepwise multiple linear regression. The Is correlated with dementia incidence more strongly in developed population groupings. Worldwide, reduced natural selection may be yet another significant contributor to dementia incidence with special regard to developed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng You
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Unit, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Renata Henneberg
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Unit, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Maciej Henneberg
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Unit, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lo YC, Li TJT, Lin TC, Chen YY, Kang JH. Microstructural Evidence of Neuroinflammation for Psychological Symptoms and Pain in Patients with Fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 2022; 49:942-947. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.211170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective In patients with fibromyalgia (FM), the brain shows altered structure and functional connectivity, but the mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. This study investigated the associated changes in brain microstructures and neuroinflammation of patients with FM. Methods We recruited 14 patients with FM and 14 healthy controls. Visual analog scale (VAS), Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used for assessing their pain, anxiety, and depression levels, respectively. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) was used to visualize microstructural alterations associated with neuroinflammation in specific brain regions. The biomarkers for the neuron damage, including serum tau and amyloid β protein fragment 1-42 (Aβ1-42) levels, were assessed. Spearman correlation of DKI parameters with VAS, BAI, and BDI-II scores and tau and Aβ1-42 levels were assessed. Results The patients with FM had significantly higher levels of Aβ1-42 levels compared with the controls. Compared with the controls, the patients showed significantly lower DKI parameters in the bilateral dorsal–lateral prefrontal cortex and orbital–frontal cortex. The patients showed a significant correlation between the axial kurtosis values of the amygdala and VAS scores (left: rho = -0.603, p = 0.022; right: rho = -7.04, p = 0.005). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use DKI to examine the brain of FM patients. We noted significant DKI changes at specific areas associated with neuroinflammation in patients with FM. Our results provide valuable information on brain neuroinflammation and pathophysiological changes in patients with FM.
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Sacks F, Furtado J, Jensen M. Protein-based HDL subspecies: Rationale and association with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and dementia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Blood-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Progression: An Overview. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081367. [PMID: 35456047 PMCID: PMC9044750 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle accumulation in the brain. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the complex and interconnected pathophysiology of AD, clinical trial failure rates have been high, and no disease-modifying therapies are presently available. Fluid biomarker discovery for AD is a rapidly expanding field of research aimed at anticipating disease diagnosis and following disease progression over time. Currently, Aβ1–42, phosphorylated tau, and total tau levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are the best-studied fluid biomarkers for AD, but the need for novel, cheap, less-invasive, easily detectable, and more-accessible markers has recently led to the search for new blood-based molecules. However, despite considerable research activity, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the main blood-based biomarker candidates is still lacking. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of proteins, lipids, metabolites, oxidative-stress-related molecules, and cytokines as possible disease biomarkers. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of the emerging miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as diagnostic tools, and we briefly present the role of vitamins and gut-microbiome-related molecules as novel candidates for AD detection and monitoring, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and progression of this devastating disease.
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Sliz E, Shin J, Ahmad S, Williams DM, Frenzel S, Gauß F, Harris SE, Henning AK, Hernandez MV, Hu YH, Jiménez B, Sargurupremraj M, Sudre C, Wang R, Wittfeld K, Yang Q, Wardlaw JM, Völzke H, Vernooij MW, Schott JM, Richards M, Proitsi P, Nauck M, Lewis MR, Launer L, Hosten N, Grabe HJ, Ghanbari M, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Chaturvedi N, Barnes J, Rotter JI, Debette S, Ikram MA, Fornage M, Paus T, Seshadri S, Pausova Z. Circulating Metabolome and White Matter Hyperintensities in Women and Men. Circulation 2022; 145:1040-1052. [PMID: 35050683 PMCID: PMC9645366 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH), identified on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the human brain as areas of enhanced brightness, are a major risk factor of stroke, dementia, and death. There are no large-scale studies testing associations between WMH and circulating metabolites. METHODS We studied up to 9290 individuals (50.7% female, average age 61 years) from 15 populations of 8 community-based cohorts. WMH volume was quantified from T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images or as hypointensities on T1-weighted images. Circulating metabolomic measures were assessed with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Associations between WMH and metabolomic measures were tested by fitting linear regression models in the pooled sample and in sex-stratified and statin treatment-stratified subsamples. Our basic models were adjusted for age, sex, age×sex, and technical covariates, and our fully adjusted models were also adjusted for statin treatment, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, smoking, body mass index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Population-specific results were meta-analyzed using the fixed-effect inverse variance-weighted method. Associations with false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P values (PFDR)<0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of results from the basic models, we identified 30 metabolomic measures associated with WMH (PFDR<0.05), 7 of which remained significant in the fully adjusted models. The most significant association was with higher level of hydroxyphenylpyruvate in men (PFDR.full.adj=1.40×10-7) and in both the pooled sample (PFDR.full.adj=1.66×10-4) and statin-untreated (PFDR.full.adj=1.65×10-6) subsample. In men, hydroxyphenylpyruvate explained 3% to 14% of variance in WMH. In men and the pooled sample, WMH were also associated with lower levels of lysophosphatidylcholines and hydroxysphingomyelins and a larger diameter of low-density lipoprotein particles, likely arising from higher triglyceride to total lipids and lower cholesteryl ester to total lipids ratios within these particles. In women, the only significant association was with higher level of glucuronate (PFDR=0.047). CONCLUSIONS Circulating metabolomic measures, including multiple lipid measures (eg, lysophosphatidylcholines, hydroxysphingomyelins, low-density lipoprotein size and composition) and nonlipid metabolites (eg, hydroxyphenylpyruvate, glucuronate), associate with WMH in a general population of middle-aged and older adults. Some metabolomic measures show marked sex specificities and explain a sizable proportion of WMH variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Sliz
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan M. Williams
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Frenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Gauß
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ann-Kristin Henning
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maria Valdes Hernandez
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yi-Han Hu
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Sudre
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Germany Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), partner site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthew R. Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Germany Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), partner site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Josephine Barnes
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Fornage
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- ECOGENE-21, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lord J, Green R, Choi SW, Hübel C, Aarsland D, Velayudhan L, Sham P, Legido-Quigley C, Richards M, Dobson R, Proitsi P. Disentangling Independent and Mediated Causal Relationships Between Blood Metabolites, Cognitive Factors, and Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:167-179. [PMID: 36325159 PMCID: PMC9616368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Education and cognition demonstrate consistent inverse associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biological underpinnings, however, remain unclear. Blood metabolites reflect the end point of biological processes and are accessible and malleable. Identifying metabolites with etiological relevance to AD and disentangling how these relate to cognitive factors along the AD causal pathway could, therefore, offer unique insights into underlying causal mechanisms. Methods Using data from the largest metabolomics genome-wide association study (N ≈ 24,925) and three independent AD cohorts (N = 4725), cross-trait polygenic scores were generated and meta-analyzed. Metabolites genetically associated with AD were taken forward for causal analyses. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization interrogated univariable causal relationships between 1) metabolites and AD; 2) education and cognition; 3) metabolites, education, and cognition; and 4) education, cognition, and AD. Mediating relationships were computed using multivariable Mendelian randomization. Results Thirty-four metabolites were genetically associated with AD at p < .05. Of these, glutamine and free cholesterol in extra-large high-density lipoproteins demonstrated a protective causal effect (glutamine: 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 0.92; free cholesterol in extra-large high-density lipoproteins: 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.92). An AD-protective effect was also observed for education (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.85) and cognition (95% CI, 0.60 to 0.89), with bidirectional mediation evident. Cognition as a mediator of the education-AD relationship was stronger than vice versa, however. No evidence of mediation via any metabolite was found. Conclusions Glutamine and free cholesterol in extra-large high-density lipoproteins show protective causal effects on AD. Education and cognition also demonstrate protection, though education's effect is almost entirely mediated by cognition. These insights provide key pieces of the AD causal puzzle, important for informing future multimodal work and progressing toward effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Lord
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Green
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shing Wan Choi
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Latha Velayudhan
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pak Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Dobson
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Higher Serum DHA and Slower Cognitive Decline in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Two-Year Follow-Up. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061159. [PMID: 35334816 PMCID: PMC8950997 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been associated with slower rates of cognitive decline. We investigated the association between omega-3 PUFAs and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) receiving acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). This was a prospective cohort study using registered data. Patients with AD receiving AChEIs were recruited from 1 May 2016 to 30 April 2019 and were followed up for two years. Their daily diet record and blood concentration of omega-3 PUFAs were analyzed. Multiple linear and binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with cognitive decline (continuous and dichotomized cognitive change). In the research, 129 patients with AD were identified with a mean age of 76.5 ± 6.6. Patients with AD with lower baseline omega-3 PUFAs levels were associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline than those with higher levels (odds ratio [OR] = 1.067, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012, 1.125; p = 0.016) after adjustment. Patients with AD with a lower baseline DHA (OR = 1.131, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.254; p = 0.020), but not EPA, were associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline. We found that higher Mini-Nutritional Assessment scores (beta = −0.383, 95% CI = −0.182–−0.048, p = 0.001) and total fat (beta = −0.248, 95% CI = −0.067–−0.003, p = 0.031) were independently associated with slow cognitive decline in patients with AD receiving AChEIs. The baseline blood levels of omega-3 PUFAs were associated with cognitive decline in patients with AD receiving AChEIs. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify whether this association is causal.
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Maltais M, Lorrain D, Léveillé P, Viens I, Vachon A, Houeto A, Presse N, Plourde M. Long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and cognitive performance throughout adulthood: A 6-month randomized controlled trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 178:102415. [PMID: 35338847 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation improve cognitive performance and if apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype or age were effect modifiers. METHODS Healthy adults of 20 to 80 years old (n = 193) were completed a 6-month double-blind randomized controlled trial with two groups: 2.5 g/day of n-3 PUFA or a placebo. Primary outcomes were visuospatial ability and working memory and secondary outcomes were episodic memory and executive function, measured at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS Cognitive performances did not significantly differ between groups on primary or secondary outcomes after 6 months of treatment. APOE carriers and age were not effect modifiers for any outcomes. Those with low episodic memory scores and taking the n-3 PUFA supplement, significantly improved their scores (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS A 6-month n-3 PUFA supplementation did not improve cognitive performance in cognitively healthy adults and APOE status or age were not effect modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Maltais
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Lorrain
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Département de Psychologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Léveillé
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Viens
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Annick Vachon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anita Houeto
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Presse
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud de l'Ile-de-Montréal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Weng J, Muti IH, Zhong AB, Kivisäkk P, Hyman BT, Arnold SE, Cheng LL. A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Method in Characterization of Blood Metabolomics for Alzheimer's Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020181. [PMID: 35208255 PMCID: PMC8878886 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently a crucial need for improved diagnostic techniques and targeted treatment methods for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease which impacts millions of elderly individuals each year. Metabolomic analysis has been proposed as a potential methodology to better investigate and understand the progression of this disease. In this report, we present our AD metabolomics results measured with high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on human blood plasma samples obtained from AD and non-AD subjects. Our study centers on developments of AD and non-AD metabolomics differentiating models with procedures of quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) through pooled samples. Our findings suggest that analysis of blood plasma samples using HRMAS NMR has the potential to differentiate between diseased and healthy subjects, which has important clinical implications for future improvements in AD diagnosis methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianXiang Weng
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.W.); (I.H.M.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Isabella H. Muti
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.W.); (I.H.M.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Anya B. Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.W.); (I.H.M.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Pia Kivisäkk
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.K.); (B.T.H.); (S.E.A.)
| | - Bradley T. Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.K.); (B.T.H.); (S.E.A.)
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.K.); (B.T.H.); (S.E.A.)
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-724-6593
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50
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Development of a Novel Nutrition-Related Multivariate Biomarker for Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on the Plasma Free Amino Acid Profile. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030637. [PMID: 35276996 PMCID: PMC8840028 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional epidemiology has shown the importance of protein intake for maintaining brain function in the elderly population. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be associated with malnutrition, especially protein intake. We explored blood-based biomarkers linking protein nutritional status with MCI in a multicenter study. In total, 219 individuals with MCI (79.5 ± 5.7 year) from 10 institutions and 220 individuals who were cognitively normal (CN, 76.3 ± 6.6 year) in four different cities in Japan were recruited. They were divided into the training (120 MCI and 120 CN) and validation (99 MCI and 100 CN) groups. A model involving concentrations of PFAAs and albumin to discriminate MCI from CN individuals was constructed by multivariate logistic regression analysis in the training dataset, and the performance was evaluated in the validation dataset. The concentrations of some essential amino acids and albumin were significantly lower in MCI group than CN group. An index incorporating albumin and PFAA discriminated MCI from CN participants with the AUC of 0.705 (95% CI: 0.632–0.778), and the sensitivities at specificities of 90% and 60% were 25.3% and 76.8%, respectively. No significant association with BMI or APOE status was observed. This cross-sectional study suggests that the biomarker changes in MCI group may be associated with protein nutrition.
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