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Pradana AA, Gobbens RJJ, Susanto H, Rohayati, Siahaan J, Lee SC. Multidimensional frailty assessment: Development and validation of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator-Indonesia version. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:614-622. [PMID: 39180934 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator-Indonesian version (TFI-I). 308 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years participated. The TFI-I exhibited favorable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.775) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94). The physical, psychological, and social domains of the TFI-I correlated closely with the similar constructs of other scales, including the Short Physical Performance Battery (P < .001), Fried Frailty Phenotype (P < 0.001), Geriatric Depression Scale (P < .001), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale (P = 0.041), indicating its favorable construct validity. Significant differences were identified between the robust and frailty groups on the Barthel Index (P = .001) and Lawton Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale (P < .001). Overall, the TFI-I is valid and reliable when used to evaluate frailty status in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anung Ahadi Pradana
- STIKes Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi, Indonesia; International PhD Program in Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Robbert J J Gobbens
- Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Zonnehuisgroep Amstelland, Amstelveen, the Netherlands; Department Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Herry Susanto
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Rohayati
- STIKes Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi, Indonesia
| | | | - Shu-Chun Lee
- International PhD Program in Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yuan Y, Chang J, Sun Q. Research Progress on Cognitive Frailty in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2024; 49:302-309. [PMID: 38663363 DOI: 10.1159/000538689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the medical challenges posed by the ageing population become increasingly severe, the proportion of older people among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing every year. SUMMARY The prevalence of frailty in patients with CKD is significantly higher than that in the general population, and older patients are also a high-risk group for frailty and cognitive impairment. Cognitive frailty, as an important subtype of frailty, is a syndrome characterised by cognitive dysfunction caused by physiological factors, excluding Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. It is characterised by the coexistence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment. Previous studies have mainly focused on cognitive impairment, and there is limited research on cognitive frailty, particularly in older patients with CKD. KEY MESSAGES This article provides a comprehensive review of the concept, epidemiology, screening methods, prevention, and treatment measures and possible pathogenesis of cognitive frailty in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianmei Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ayoob A, Janakiram C. Prevalence of physical and oral frailty in geriatric patients in Kerala, India. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:158-163. [PMID: 38347898 PMCID: PMC10859288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical frailty is a condition where a person has decreased physical reserve and resilience to stressors. Oral frailty, on the other hand, refers to a decline in oral function in conjunction with reductions in cognitive and physical functioning. Poor oral health, encompassing factors such as functional, physiological, psychosocial, and therapeutic aspects, can lead to physical frailty. Objectives Assess the prevalence of physical and oral frailty in geriatric patients attending health centres in Kerala, India. Methodology . Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (Kochi), Amrita Kripa Charitable Hospital (Wayanad) and Amrita Urban Health Centre in (Kaloor). Participants 250 geriatric participants above 60 years. Measurements The participants' physical frailty was evaluated using Fried's Frailty Phenotype, the Reported Edmonton Frail Scale, and sarcopenia screening. The assessment of oral frailty was based on several factors such as current dental status, chewing ability, tongue pressure, the Repetitive Saliva-Swallowing Test, Oral Diadokinetic rates, Xerostomia, and the Oral and Maxillofacial Index. The evaluation was using a questionnaire and clinical examination. Bivariate analysis was performed for additional variables, and multivariate analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between oral and physical frailty. Results 56 % of study participants were males, and the mean age was 68 ± 6.02 years. 34.4 % were physically frail, and the remaining were pre-frail using Fried Frailty Phenotype. 67 % showed oral frailty using the Oral and Maxillofacial Frailty Index (OMFI). Using six domains of the oral frailty status (Tanaka) showed that 74 % of individuals had an increased risk of new onset of physical frailty. In the adjusted model, individuals with mild oral frailty had lesser chances of being frail (OR = 0.509, 95 % CI = 0.274-1.946, p-value = 0.033). Conclusion The prevalence of physical frailty was 34.4 %, and oral frailty status was 74 %. The findings implied a need to include oral frailty assessments in the comprehensive general health screening for geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa Ayoob
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Chandrashekar Janakiram
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
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Brugliera L, Giordani A, D'Angelo G, Trimarchi C, Villa G, Yen TY, Bosica F, Malatino L, Zweiker D, Negro A, Alemanno F, Iannaccone S. Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Older Patients in Rehabilitation Wards. J Pers Med 2023; 13:960. [PMID: 37373949 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidisciplinary assessment of hospitalized patients via validated scales and tools has become crucial in the early identification of sarcopenia. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and its related factors in patients aged ≥65 years admitted to the neurological rehabilitation departments of cognitive motor disorders and functional motor rehabilitation at the IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele in Milan. Using the algorithm reported by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients was investigated from 2019-2020. Definite sarcopenia was detected in 161 of 336 recruited patients (47.9%). Age was significantly higher in sarcopenic patients than in those without sarcopenia (median 81 vs. 79 years, p < 0.001) and height, weight, and body mass index were lower (p < 0.001 for all). The malnutrition screening test (MUST) was higher but still negative in most sarcopenic patients (47.8% vs. 20.6%, p < 0.001). Patients with sarcopenia had significantly reduced life autonomy (by Barthel index, median 55 vs. 60 points, p < 0.001) and increased mental impairment (tested by MMSE and MOCA, p < 0.005 for both). In conclusion, sarcopenic patients were more cognitively impaired and less autonomous in their daily life, but the majority presented with a negative malnutrition screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Brugliera
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giordani
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Angelo
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Trimarchi
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Villa
- Center for Nursing Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tao-Yu Yen
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bosica
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malatino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - David Zweiker
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, Clinic Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandra Negro
- Head nurse at General Surgery, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Alemanno
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Iannaccone
- Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Jang JY, Kim D, Kim ND. Pathogenesis, Intervention, and Current Status of Drug Development for Sarcopenia: A Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1635. [PMID: 37371730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to the loss of muscle strength and mass in older individuals and is a major determinant of fall risk and impaired ability to perform activities of daily living, often leading to disability, loss of independence, and death. Owing to its impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure, sarcopenia in the elderly has become a major focus of research and public policy debates worldwide. Despite its clinical importance, sarcopenia remains under-recognized and poorly managed in routine clinical practice, partly owing to the lack of available diagnostic testing and uniform diagnostic criteria. Since the World Health Organization and the United States assigned a disease code for sarcopenia in 2016, countries worldwide have assigned their own disease codes for sarcopenia. However, there are currently no approved pharmacological agents for the treatment of sarcopenia; therefore, interventions for sarcopenia primarily focus on physical therapy for muscle strengthening and gait training as well as adequate protein intake. In this review, we aimed to examine the latest information on the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, interventions, and possible treatments with new drugs for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Functional Food Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Peyrusqué E, Buckinx F, Kergoat MJ, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Exercise Guidelines to Counteract Physical Deconditioning in Long-Term Care Facilities: What to Do and How to Do It? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:583-598. [PMID: 36822232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
With age, older adults experience a decrease in muscle function and changes in body composition, which raise the risk of functional incapacity and loss of autonomy. These declines are more pronounced in older adults living in long-term care (LTC) facilities than those living in the community (ie, sarcopenia prevalence: ∼41% vs ∼10%; obesity prevalence: 30% vs17%). The main cause of these declines is chronic diseases, which are a driver of higher rates of sedentary behavior (85% of time in LTC). Exercise, however, is recognized to help counteract age-related decline, yet it is not integrated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Peyrusqué
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Groupe de recherche en activité physique adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fanny Buckinx
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Groupe de recherche en activité physique adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Kergoat
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Groupe de recherche en activité physique adaptée, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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The Relationship between the Activity Balance Confidence and Mobility Tests among Older Adults in Indonesia. J Aging Res 2022; 2022:4140624. [PMID: 35832731 PMCID: PMC9273457 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4140624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Unsteady gait, instability, and lower extremity muscle weakness are some of the risk factors for falls. Reduced balance is a further precursor of falls, and injuries adversely affect the instability. In doing an activity without losing their balance, confidence among older adults is also crucial because it will influence their mobility. Objectives. The objective of this study is to examine the association between activity balance confidence and functional mobility, including gait, balance, and strength, among older adults. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults living in long-term care facilities and community dwellings. A total of 326 older adults (>60 years old) participated in this study from three provinces in Java Island, Indonesia. The inclusion criteria were older adults living independently and without obstacles in communication, who have no hearing loss, and who agreed to be respondents. The activity-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale determines the level of confidence. The participants were asked about their balance confidence not to lose their balance while doing 16 activities. The dependent variable is the mobility test, including a gait test using TUG (times up and go) to see how the subjects stand, walk, and turn around; a balance test (four stages); and a strength test (30-second chair stand). Results. The results of the ABC scale showed the respondents felt the most confidence not to lose their balance when they walk around the house (82.01%) and the less confidence when they stepped onto or off an escalator while holding onto a railing (37.7%). The gait, balance, and strength test revealed that 51.2% of the respondents showed an unsteady gait, 63.8% showed instability that felt awkward and unusual when standing on one leg, and 60.1% of the participants showed muscle weakness. The bivariate analysis significantly correlated the ABC scale test and all mobility tests. The older adult participants who are not confident will have 12.03 times higher the unstable result of the gait test, 8.4 times higher the unstable result of the balance test, and 7.47 times higher the less strength result of the strength test who are confident. Conclusion. Older adults who lack balance confidence showed significantly poorer results in mobility tests.
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Jadczak AD, Edwards S, Visvanathan R. Life-Space Mobility in Aged Care Residents: Frailty in Residential Aged Care Sector Over Time Study Findings. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:1869.e1-1869.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cheong MJ, Kang Y, Kim S, Kang HW. Systematic Review of Diagnostic Tools and Interventions for Sarcopenia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020199. [PMID: 35206814 PMCID: PMC8871976 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of rare incurable diseases is important. Specific evaluation methods and standards for sarcopenia differ according to each sarcopenia-related medical association. This study aimed to identify the tools that are currently used to diagnose sarcopenia and to systematically review various interventions for sarcopenia. We intended to provide basic information to help establish standard diagnostic and therapeutic methods for sarcopenia. We collected and analyzed published journal articles, including gray literature and dissertations, from 11 domestic and international databases. The search terms were “sarcopenia/sarcopenic”, “combined (complex/circuit) exercise”, “resistance (muscle) exercise”, and “aerobic exercise”. The tools used for sarcopenia diagnosis were inconsistent across the studies. Circuit exercise combined with aerobic exercise and strength training was the most common intervention method, followed by strength training and aerobic exercise. We identified several diagnostic and evaluation criteria across the articles. Essentially, this systematic review confirms the importance of diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and compares interventions. Hopefully, the criteria for the diagnosis and evaluation of sarcopenia will become clear in the future. In addition, the results of this study may provide basic information for rehabilitation treatment for rare and incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Joo Cheong
- Rare Diseases Integrative Treatment Research Institute, Wonkwang University Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Iksan 59338, Korea;
| | - Yeonseok Kang
- Department of Medical History, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Sungchul Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine & Inam Neuroscience Research Center, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo City 15865, Korea;
| | - Hyung Won Kang
- Rare Diseases Integrative Treatment Research Institute, Wonkwang University Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Iksan 59338, Korea;
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine & Inam Neuroscience Research Center, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo City 15865, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-390-2762; Fax: +82-31-390-2319
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Huang LT, Wang JH. The Therapeutic Intervention of Sex Steroid Hormones for Sarcopenia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:739251. [PMID: 34760899 PMCID: PMC8573092 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.739251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by the excessive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, is associated with the overall poor muscle performance status of the elderly, and occurs more frequently in those with chronic diseases. The causes of sarcopenia are multifactorial due to the inherent relationship between muscles and molecular mechanisms, such as mitochondrial function, inflammatory pathways, and circulating hormones. Age-related changes in sex steroid hormone concentrations, including testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and their precursors and derivatives, are an important aspect of the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. In this review, we provide an understanding of the treatment of sarcopenia through the regulation of sex steroid hormones. The potential benefits and future research emphasis of each sex steroid hormone therapeutic intervention (testosterone, SARMs, estrogen, SERMs, DHEA, and progesterone) for sarcopenia are discussed. Enhanced understanding of the role of sex steroid hormones in the treatment for sarcopenia could lead to the development of hormone therapeutic approaches in combination with specific exercise and nutrition regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Mathewson SL, Gordon AL, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Greig CA, Phillips BE. Determining the Influence of Habitual Dietary Protein Intake on Physiological Muscle Parameters in Youth and Older Age. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103560. [PMID: 34684561 PMCID: PMC8539198 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ingestion is a potent stimulator of skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS). However, older adults demonstrate resistance to anabolic stimuli. Some evidence has demonstrated that a larger acute protein dose is required in older compared to younger adults to elicit the same synthetic response, suggesting that older adults should be consuming higher habitual dietary protein to optimise muscle mass. However, limited research has explored dietary habits in different age groups or the relationship between habitual dietary intake and mechanistic physiological parameters associated with muscle mass and function. This work investigated the effect of habitual dietary intake in young (n = 10, 25.9 (3.2y)) and older (n = 16, 70.2 (3.2y)) community-dwelling adults (16:10 male: female) on physiological muscle parameters. Dietary intake was assessed using four-day diet diaries. Post-absorptive MPS and MPS responses to feeding (4.25x basal metabolic rate; 16% protein) were determined in muscle biopsies of the m. vastus lateralis via stable isotope tracer ([1, 2-13C2]-leucine) infusions with mass-spectrometric analyses. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Whole body strength was assessed via 1-repetition maximum assessments. No significant differences in habitual dietary intake (protein, fat, carbohydrate and leucine as g.kgWBLM-1.day-1) were observed between age groups. Whole-body lean mass (61.8 ± 9.9 vs. 49.8 ± 11.9 kg, p = 0.01) and knee-extensor strength (87.7 ± 28.3 vs. 56.8 ± 16.4 kg, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in young adults. Habitual protein intake (g.kg-1.day-1) was not associated with whole-body lean mass, upper-leg lean mass, whole-body strength, knee-extensor strength, basal MPS or fed-state MPS across both age groups. These findings suggest that differences in muscle mass and strength parameters between youth and older age are not explained by differences in habitual dietary protein intake. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to fully explore these relationships and inform on interventions to mitigate sarcopenia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Mathewson
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK; (S.L.M.); (C.A.G.)
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Adam L. Gordon
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.L.G.); (K.S.); (P.J.A.)
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby DE22 3NE, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.L.G.); (K.S.); (P.J.A.)
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.L.G.); (K.S.); (P.J.A.)
| | - Carolyn A. Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK; (S.L.M.); (C.A.G.)
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.L.G.); (K.S.); (P.J.A.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Alodhayani AA, Alsaad SM, Almofarej N, Alrasheed N, Alotaibi B. Frailty, sarcopenia and health related outcomes among elderly patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1213-1217. [PMID: 33613049 PMCID: PMC7878688 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence of frailty and sarcopenia among elderly patients in Saudi Arabia and explore if there are significant association between frailty and sarcopenia. Methods A total of 498 patients from public tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study between March 2019 to June 2019. All participants answered a 5-part questionnaire, which includes demographic data, Edmonton Frail Scale, SARC-F and questions related to Activities of Daily living. Results The mean age of the participants was 69.98 ± 6.28. Of the 498 participants, 67.7% were aged 61–70 years and 42% had a BMI of greater than < 30 kg/m2. The prevalence of patients with mild frail, moderate frail and severely frail were 22, 12, and 4%, respectively. The analysis showed that majority of patients who had sarcopenia were females (84%). The analysis show that the level of frailty of patients were significantly different between age, marital status, educational level and patients’ needs of home care, activities of daily living, presence of comorbidity and sarcopenia (p = 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, the pre-frailty group was significantly likely to have sarcopenia (OR 0.02 95% 0.01–0.23p = 0.001) than nonfrailty patients. Conclusion In conclusion, this research highlights the high prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly patients and the increasing percentage of frail patients in Saudi Arabia. In addition, significant difference and association were found with sarcopenia and frailty with many sociodemographic and clinical components of elderly patients in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A. Alodhayani
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad M. Alsaad
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Badriah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alam MM, Khan AA, Farooq M. EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION ON MUSCLE STRENGTH, BALANCE AND FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218957720500190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a type of degenerative syndrome that causes impaired physical function, decreased walking, imbalance, spasticity, sensory impairment, muscle weakness, fatigue, and demyelination of the central nervous system. The purpose of this review was to critically examine available studies on the efficacy of whole-body vibration (WBV) in patients with MS during rehabilitation training to increase strength, balance, and functional mobility. An organized literature search was performed on databases from various sources, including PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE, to identify relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Eight studies were finally selected based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. Attempts were made to identify factors affecting the improvement in muscle strength, balance, and functional mobility in MS patients as a result of WBV. A meta-analysis was performed if two or more studies measured the same outcome of interest. The meta-analysis found that the WBV intervention showed significant improvement over control groups in Body Balance Score (BBS) (MD = [Formula: see text]2.86, 95%CI = [Formula: see text]5.29 [Formula: see text] 0.43; [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], heterogeneity ([Formula: see text]%). In addition, walking endurance (6MWT) favored control groups over WBV intervention (MD [Formula: see text], 95%CI [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] 99.41; [Formula: see text] = 2.97, [Formula: see text]). Timed-Up-and-Go Test (TUG) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ([Formula: see text]) had no significant effect on WBV. Restoration of balance and functional mobility appeared to respond better to WBV with additional exercise protocols compared to WBV alone. Although there is evidence of an overall effect of WBV on strength and some measures of balance and mobility, its impact remains inconclusive. Therefore, more robust RCTs examining exposure to WBV on balance and functional mobility in patients with MS are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mukhtar Alam
- Ergonomics Research Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India
| | - Abid Ali Khan
- Ergonomics Research Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical and Human Factors Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India
| | - Mohd Farooq
- Machine Design, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India
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Chiu HT, Kao TW, Peng TC, Chen YY, Chen WL. Average urinary flow rate and its association with handgrip strength. Aging Male 2020; 23:1220-1226. [PMID: 32180484 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2020.1740201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voiding dysfunction became a difficult problem for the elderly because of the underactive bladder (UAB). It was considered that the degeneration of detrusor muscle was the main etiology. In recent years, more articles focus on relationship between UAB and decreased muscle strength. Besides, handgrip strength (HGS) is an early indicator to detect frailty and muscle weakness in systemic reviews. METHOD Our study involved 2258 males from NHANES datasets (2011-2012, who were divided into quartiles by urine flow rate (UFR), which was measured by uroflowmetry. Multivariate regression models were performed to analyze the associations between UFR and HGS. RESULTS The UFR had a positive correlation to the HGS by multivariate regression models in males (β coefficient: 1.348, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.530, 2.166, p = 0.001). The male participants with the highest quartile of UFR have a greater HGS than those with lowest quartile of UFR (β coefficient: 4.546, 95% CI: 2.462, 6.630, p < 0.001). Higher UFR was associated with lower odds of low HGS (OR: 0.489, 95% CI: 0.350, 0.684, p < 0.001) in the fully-adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Our research highlighted that the UFR had a strong associated with the HGS in the healthy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tse Chiu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuei Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Taiwan, PR China
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15
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Cebrià i Iranzo MA, Arnal-Gómez A, Tortosa-Chuliá MA, Balasch-Bernat M, Forcano S, Sentandreu-Mañó T, Tomas JM, Cezón-Serrano N. Functional and Clinical Characteristics for Predicting Sarcopenia in Institutionalised Older Adults: Identifying Tools for Clinical Screening. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4483. [PMID: 32580427 PMCID: PMC7344603 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) has updated the sarcopenia definition based on objective evaluation of muscle strength, mass and physical performance. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between sarcopenia and clinical aspects such as functionality, comorbidity, polypharmacy, hospitalisations and falls in order to support sarcopenia screening in institutionalised older adults, as well as to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in this population using the EWGSOP2 new algorithm. METHODS A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted on institutionalised older adults (n = 132, 77.7% female, mean age 82 years). Application of the EWGSOP2 algorithm consisted of the SARC-F questionnaire, handgrip strength (HG), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Clinical study variables were: Barthel Index (BI), Abbreviated Charlson's Comorbidity Index (ACCI), number of medications, hospital stays and falls. RESULTS Age, BI and ACCI were shown to be predictors of the EWGSOP2 sarcopenia definition (Nagelkerke's R-square = 0.34), highlighting the ACCI. Sarcopenia was more prevalent in older adults aged over 85 (p = 0.005), but no differences were found according to gender (p = 0.512). CONCLUSION BI and the ACCI can be considered predictors that guide healthcare professionals in early sarcopenia identification and therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Cebrià i Iranzo
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.C.iI.); (M.B.-B.); (T.S.-M.); (N.C.-S.)
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Physiotherapy in Motion, MultiSpeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Arnal-Gómez
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.C.iI.); (M.B.-B.); (T.S.-M.); (N.C.-S.)
- Research Unit in Clinical Biomechanic (UBIC), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A. Tortosa-Chuliá
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Psychological Development, Health and Society (PSDEHESO), University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercè Balasch-Bernat
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.C.iI.); (M.B.-B.); (T.S.-M.); (N.C.-S.)
- Physiotherapy in Motion, MultiSpeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Forcano
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Trinidad Sentandreu-Mañó
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.C.iI.); (M.B.-B.); (T.S.-M.); (N.C.-S.)
- Advanced Research Methods Applied to Quality of Life promotion (ARMAQoL), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jose M. Tomas
- Advanced Research Methods Applied to Quality of Life promotion (ARMAQoL), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioural Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Natalia Cezón-Serrano
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.C.iI.); (M.B.-B.); (T.S.-M.); (N.C.-S.)
- Physiotherapy in Motion, MultiSpeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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16
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Considerations for the optimal management of antibiotic therapy in elderly patients. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:325-333. [PMID: 32165285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To maximise efficacy and minimise toxicity, special considerations are required for antibiotic prescription in elderly patients. This review aims to provide practical suggestions for the optimal management of antibiotic therapy in elderly patients. METHODS This was a narrative review. A literature search of published articles in the last 15 years on antibiotics and elderly patients was performed using the Cochrane Library and PubMed electronic databases. The three priority areas were identified: (i) pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) for optimising dosage regimens and route of administration; (ii) antibiotic dosages in some special subpopulations; and (iii) treatment considerations relating to different antibiotic classes and their adverse events. RESULTS Clinicians should understand the altered PK/PD of drugs in this population owing to co-morbid conditions and normal physiological changes associated with ageing. The body of evidence justifies the need for individualised dose selection, especially in patients with impaired renal and liver function. Clinicians should be aware of the major drug-drug interactions commonly observed in the elderly as well as potential side effects. CONCLUSION Antibiotic therapy in the elderly requires a comprehensive approach, including strategies to improve appropriate antibiotic prescribing, limit their use for uncomplicated infections and ensure the attainment of an optimal PK/PD target. To this purpose, further studies involving the elderly are needed to better understand the PK of antibiotics. Moreover, it is necessary to assess the role therapeutic drug monitoring in guiding antibiotic therapy in elderly patients in order to evaluate its impact on clinical outcome.
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Gasparik A, Demián MB, Pascanu I. ROMANIAN TRANSLATION AND VALIDATION OF THE SARC-F QUESTIONNAIRE. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 16:216-222. [PMID: 33029239 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Context Several studies have addressed the impact of sarcopenia on various health outcomes. As the most critical issue is the early identification of individuals, a short screening tool may help clinicians to simply test for sarcopenia and start early management of the disease. Recently, a simple questionnaire, Sarc-F was provided that may adequately realize this aim. Subjects and Methods To validate the questionnaire we translated the original Sarc-F according to the recommended methodology. A total of 80 people, aged 65+ were evaluated for sarcopenia. Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance were measured. Volunteers completed the Sarc-F as well as other two questionnaires. Discriminative power, reliability, construct validity analyses, specificity, sensitivity, negative and positive predictive value evaluations were made. Results A good discriminative power and internal consistency were found. With the functional sarcopenia diagnostic criteria the test demonstrates a high specificity (84%). The positive and negative predictive values were: 78% and 77%. Using the more conservative diagnostic criteria the negative predictive value was: 85.4%, sufficient to rule out those not at risk of having sarcopenia and eliminate the need for further investigations. Conclusions A valid Romanian Sarc-F questionnaire is now available to simply detect patients at risk/no risk of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gasparik
- University of Medicine Pharmacy Science and Technology of Targu Mures - Public Health, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - M B Demián
- University of Medicine Pharmacy Science and Technology of Targu Mures - Public Health, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - I Pascanu
- University of Medicine Pharmacy Science and Technology of Targu Mures - Endocrinology, Targu Mures, Romania
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Minaglia C, Giannotti C, Boccardi V, Mecocci P, Serafini G, Odetti P, Monacelli F. Cachexia and advanced dementia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:263-277. [PMID: 30794350 PMCID: PMC6463474 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a complex metabolic process that is associated with several end-stage organ diseases. It is known to be also associated with advanced dementia, although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are still largely unknown. The present narrative review is aimed at presenting recent insights concerning the pathophysiology of weight loss and wasting syndrome in dementia, the putative mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of energy balance, and the interplay among the chronic clinical conditions of sarcopenia, malnutrition, and frailty in the elderly. We discuss the clinical implications of these new insights, with particular attention to the challenging question of nutritional needs in advanced dementia and the utility of tube feeding in order to optimize the management of end-stage dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Minaglia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), Section of Geriatrics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Giannotti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), Section of Geriatrics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Section of Psychiatry, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizio Odetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), Section of Geriatrics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), Section of Geriatrics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Ultrasound measurement of rectus femoris muscle thickness as a quick screening test for sarcopenia assessment. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 83:151-154. [PMID: 31029040 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome related to loss of muscle mass and function, leading to disability, frailty and higher mortality. According to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) the diagnosis of sarcopenia requires the assessment of muscle mass, muscle force and function, that is time-consuming and not easily at hand in everyday clinical practice. We propose the B-mode ultrasound measurement of muscle thickness as a quick screening test to assess the presence of sarcopenia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was realized, 119 patients (average age 82 years, 50.4% females) from the Department of Internal Medicine of the University Hospital of Siena (Italy) were enrolled. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was assessed according to EWGSOP criteria. Rectus femoris muscle (RFM) thickness (in cm) was measured by ultrasound B-mode scanning. Sensibility and specificity of the test was evaluated and Receiver Operating Analysis (ROC) was performed to assess the accuracy of the test. RESULTS Average RFM thickness was 0.78 ± 0.26, significantly lower in sarcopenic patients (0.55 ± 0.2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3; Mann-Whitney; p < 0.001) and females (0.7 ± 0.3 vs 0.86 ± 0.3; Mann-Whitney; p < 0.001). The cut-off point of 0.7 cm for females and 0.9 cm for males was established as a threshold to assess the presence of sarcopenia by ultrasound. Sensibility of ultrasound measurement of RFM thickness was 100%, specificity 64%, positive predictive value (PPV) 64.3% and negative predictive value (NPV) 100%. ROC analysis was performed in order to quantify how accurately RFM thickness can discriminate between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia state. AUC for all patients was 0.9 and after a comparative analysis for gender higher values for males (0.94 vs. 0.92) were observed. CONCLUSION We suggest a screening test for sarcopenia based on the ultrasound measurement of RFM thickness, as a not invasive and easy to perform method even in elderly patients with functional or cognitive impairment.
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Yang M, Jiang J, Zeng Y, Tang H. Sarcopenia for predicting mortality among elderly nursing home residents: SARC-F versus SARC-CalF. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14546. [PMID: 30762799 PMCID: PMC6407983 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the prognostic value of the strength, assistance walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs, and falls questionnaire (SARC-F) and SARC-F combined with calf circumference (SARC-CalF) among elderly nursing home residents.To compare the prognostic value of SARC-F and SARC-CalF for mortality in this population.We conducted a prospective study in four nursing homes in western China. Sarcopenia was estimated using SARC-F and SARC-CalF, respectively. Nutrition status, activities of daily living, and other covariates were evaluated. The survival status was collected via medical records and telephone interviews at the 12th month after the baseline investigation. We used multivariate Cox proportional-hazard models to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for 1-year all-cause mortality by SARC-F-defined sarcopenia and SARC-CalF-defined sarcopenia, separately.We included 329 participants (median age: 85 years). The prevalences of SARC-F-defined sarcopenia and SARC-CalF-defined sarcopenia were 39.8% and 46.8%, respectively. During the 1-year follow-up period, 73 participants (22.7%) died. The mortality was 29.0% and 18.3% in the participants with or without SARC-F-defined sarcopenia, respectively (P = .025). The mortality was 26.6% and 19.0% in the participants with or without SARC-CalF-defined sarcopenia, respectively (P = .105). After adjusted for the relevant confounders including malnutrition, SARC-F-defined sarcopenia was independently associated with an increased risk of 1-year mortality (adjusted HR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.27-3.42). However, SARC-CalF-defined sarcopenia was not an independent predictor of 1-year mortality (adjusted HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 0.95-2.47).Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in Chinese elderly nursing home residents according to SARC-F or SARC-CalF. SARC-F-defined sarcopenia appears to be better for predicting the 1-year mortality of Chinese nursing home residents than SARC-CalF-defined sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital
- Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital
| | | | - Yanli Zeng
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Huairong Tang
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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21
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Prado CM, Purcell SA, Alish C, Pereira SL, Deutz NE, Heyland DK, Goodpaster BH, Tappenden KA, Heymsfield SB. Implications of low muscle mass across the continuum of care: a narrative review. Ann Med 2018; 50:675-693. [PMID: 30169116 PMCID: PMC6370503 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1511918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in body composition can occur at any body weight. Low muscle mass is a predictor of poor morbidity and mortality and occurs in several populations. This narrative review provides an overview of the importance of low muscle mass on health outcomes for patients in inpatient, outpatient and long-term care clinical settings. A one-year glimpse at publications that showcases the rapidly growing research of body composition in clinical settings is included. Low muscle mass is associated with outcomes such as higher surgical and post-operative complications, longer length of hospital stay, lower physical function, poorer quality of life and shorter survival. As such, the potential clinical benefits of preventing and reversing this condition are likely to impact patient outcomes and resource utilization/health care costs. Clinically viable tools to measure body composition are needed for routine screening and intervention. Future research studies should elucidate the effectiveness of multimodal interventions to counteract low muscle mass for optimal patient outcomes across the healthcare continuum. Key messages Low muscle mass is associated with several negative outcomes across the healthcare continuum. Techniques to identify and counteract low muscle mass in clinical settings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah A. Purcell
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn Alish
- Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories. Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Nicolaas E. Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University. College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daren K. Heyland
- Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute. Orlando, Florida 32804, USA
| | - Kelly A. Tappenden
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Urbana, Illionois, USA
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Impact of drugs with anti-inflammatory effects on skeletal muscle and inflammation: A systematic literature review. Exp Gerontol 2018; 114:33-49. [PMID: 30367977 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing-related low-grade inflammation is suggested to aggravate sarcopenia and frailty. This systematic review investigates the influence that drugs with anti-inflammatory effects (AIDs) have on inflammation and skeletal muscle. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were systematically screened for articles reporting the effects of AIDs on inflammation on one hand and on muscle mass and/or performance on the other. RESULTS Twenty-eight articles were included. These articles were heterogeneous in terms of the subjects studied, intervention components, setting, and outcome measures. Articles on older humans with acute inflammation showed evidence that celecoxib and piroxicam could reduce inflammation and improve performance and that ibuprofen improves exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy and gains in strength. In younger humans, only the effects of AIDs combined with exercise were investigated; no significant benefits of non-selective COX-inhibitors were reported, but improved strength gains with etanercept and reduced muscle soreness with celecoxib were noted. Indomethacin increased acute exercise-induced inflammation and reduced satellite cell differentiation in exercising muscle. Most articles did not systematically report occurrences of side effects. CONCLUSIONS Although AIDs showed significant reduction in inflammation-induced muscle weakness in older hospitalised patients with acute inflammation, robust evidence is still lacking. When combined with exercise, AIDs presented a protective effect against age-related loss of muscle mass, thus enhancing muscle mass and performance. The mechanism regulating muscle strength and its mass seems to differ between individuals of old and young age. However, the effects seem drug-specific and dose-dependent and appear to be influenced by subjects' trainability and the clinical context. In addition, the balance between benefits and harm remains unclear.
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Yang M, Huang Z, Chen J, Jiang J, Zuo Y, Hao Q. Applications of the new ESPEN definition of malnutrition and SARC-F in Chinese nursing home residents. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14971. [PMID: 30297795 PMCID: PMC6175895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the predictive capacity of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and malnutrition combined with sarcopenia for mortality in nursing home residents. We conducted a prospective study in four nursing homes in China. Nutrition status and sarcopenia were measured according to the new European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) definition and SARC-F, respectively. The study population was divided into four groups: malnutrition with sarcopenia (MN+/SA+), malnutrition without sarcopenia (MN+/SA−), sarcopenia without malnutrition (MN−/SA+), and normal nutrition without sarcopenia (MN−/SA−). The participants were followed up for 12 months. We included 329 participants. Thirty-eight participants (11.6%) had MN+/SA+, 38 participants (11.6%) had MN+/SA−, and 93 participants (28.3%) had MN−/SA+. The 1-year mortality was 18.3%, 21.5%, 18.4%, and 47.4% in the MN−/SA−, MN−/SA+, MN+/SA−, and MN+/SA+ groups, respectively. Compared to participants with MN−/SA−, participants with MN+/SA+ were at a significantly higher risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–5.95); however, MN−/SA+ (adjusted HR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.69–2.22) and MN+/SA− (adjusted HR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.41–2.19) were not predictors of mortality. In conclusion, the coexistence of malnutrition and sarcopenia is a significant predictor of mortality in a study population of Chinese nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhaojing Huang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Jiang
- The Center of Rehabilitation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Zuo
- The Health Management Center, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, No. 253 Shangjin Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Effects of Resistance Training of Peripheral Muscles Versus Respiratory Muscles in Older Adults With Sarcopenia Who are Institutionalized: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 26:637-646. [PMID: 29431561 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the effects of two resistance training programs in peripheral and respiratory musculature on muscle mass and strength and physical performance and identifies the appropriate muscle mass parameter for assessing the intervention effects. Thirty-seven institutionalized older Spanish adults with sarcopenia were analyzed: control group (n = 17), respiratory muscle training group (n = 9), and peripheral muscle training group (n = 11). Measured outcomes were appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/height2, ASM/weight, and ASM/BMI), isometric knee extension, arm flexion and handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and gait speed pre- and postintervention. Trained groups participated in a 12-week program and improved in maximum static inspiratory pressure, maximum static expiratory pressure, knee extension, and arm flexion (p < .05), whereas nonsignificant changes were found in gait speed and ASM indexes pre- and postintervention in the three groups. In conclusion, resistance training improved skeletal muscle strength in the studied population, and any ASM index was found to be appropriate for detecting changes after physical interventions.
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Dimori S, Leoni G, Fior L, Gasparotto F. Clinical nutrition and physical rehabilitation in a long-term care setting: preliminary observations in sarcopenic older patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:951-958. [PMID: 29170984 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia could have a negative prognostic impact in long-term care residents, which are characterized by multiple comorbidities and a high level of dependence. However, there is limited evidence on its prevalence and management in this healthcare setting. METHODS All residents living in a long-term care institution were screened for the presence of sarcopenia. Sarcopenic patients in whom functional status could be assessed were included, based on the Tinetti scale (TS) score, in two parallel single-arm trials and received a specific nutritional supplement for muscle mass recovery in combination (TS ≥ 10) or not (TS < 10) with a supervised physical exercise rehabilitation program for 12 months. The nutritional supplement was administered twice daily for the first 6 months; none for 3 months and again twice daily for the last 3 months. RESULTS We screened 95 residents and 81 had low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) according to bioimpedance. Thirty-nine residents were included in the intervention phase due to sarcopenia. At 6 months, patients receiving nutritional support alone (n = 17) showed a significant improvement in body weight (P = 0.009) and composition with an increase in SMM (from 15.3 ± 4.1 to 17.0 ± 5.1 kg, P = 0.013) and SMM index (SMI; from 6.24 ± 1.07 to 6.91 ± 1.54 kg/m2, P = 0.013), but not in handgrip strength (HS). Patients assigned to the multidisciplinary program (n = 22) showed an improvement in both muscle mass [SMM (from 16.6 ± 6.0 to 17.3 ± 5.7 Kg, P = 0.050) and SMI (from 6.63 ± 1.65 to 6.91 ± 1.52 kg/m2, P = 0.038)] and functional status [HS (from 13.5 ± 5.0 to 15.6 ± 6.7; P = 0.028), gait speed (from 0.44 ± 0.18 to 0.51 ± 0.20, P = 0.047) and Short Physical Performance Battery (from 4.6 ± 3.1 to 5.5 ± 3.2, P = 0.047)] at 6 months. The effect was no longer present after discontinuation of the intervention and was restored after its re-introduction at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional and multidisciplinary interventions tailored on patient's functional status could be considered as strategies for the management of sarcopenia, a high prevalent condition in old adults living in long-term care institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Dimori
- Fondazione Angelo Poretti e Angelo Magnani ONLUS, Via Poretti 4, 21040 Vedano Olona, Varese, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Leoni
- Fondazione Angelo Poretti e Angelo Magnani ONLUS, Via Poretti 4, 21040 Vedano Olona, Varese, Italy
| | - Luca Fior
- Fondazione Angelo Poretti e Angelo Magnani ONLUS, Via Poretti 4, 21040 Vedano Olona, Varese, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gasparotto
- Fondazione Angelo Poretti e Angelo Magnani ONLUS, Via Poretti 4, 21040 Vedano Olona, Varese, Italy
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Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to the age-related loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function. With an increase in the number and proportion of elderly in the population, sarcopenia is a growing global health concern due to its impact on morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. Despite its clinical importance, sarcopenia remains underrecognized and poorly managed in routine clinical practice. This is, in part, due to a lack of available diagnostic testing and uniform diagnostic criteria. This article provides the general practitioner or rheumatologist an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of this complex and critical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Gupta
- Lupus Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room Number 3-2340, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robinder J S Dhillon
- Lupus Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room Number 3-2340, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarfaraz Hasni
- Lupus Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room Number 3-2340, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Sarcopenia represents a loss of muscle strength and mass in older individuals. Sarcopenia in the elderly has now become a major focus of research and public policy debate due to its impact on morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. Despite its clinical importance, sarcopenia remains under-recognized and poorly managed in routine clinical practice. This is, in part, due to a lack of available diagnostic testing and uniform diagnostic criteria. The management of sarcopenia is primarily focused on physical therapy for muscle strengthening and gait training. There are no pharmacologic agents for the treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinder J S Dhillon
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room Number 3-2340, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarfaraz Hasni
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room Number 3-2340, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Fougère B, Morley JE, Little MO, De Souto Barreto P, Cesari M, Vellas B. Interventions Against Disability in Frail Older Adults: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:676-688. [PMID: 29806856 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
As the population ages, the number of older people with frailty is expected to increase worldwide with consequent rising of expenditures for healthcare and long-term care. Effective methods for preventing or delaying the onset of disability are urgently required. Frailty is a common and important geriatric condition characterized by age-associated declines in multiple physiological mechanisms, leading to increased vulnerability to stressors and higher risk for adverse health outcomes. Significant advancements have been made in the understanding of the frailty pathophysiological background. Given its multidimensional nature, reversing frailty requires a comprehensive approach. In this context, several studies testing the effects of pharmacological approach, physical activity, nutritional intervention, or cognitive training showed evidence of efficacy in frail older adults. Important innovations in ongoing trials include the development of multidomain interventions. Challenges include the use of trial designs, the development of standardized, sensitive outcome measures, and the need for interventions that can be implemented in resource-poor settings. In this viewpoint paper, based on recent literature, our aim was to identify relevant studies performed to reverse or delay disability in frail older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fougère
- Bertrand Fougère, Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France. Tel: +33561145657 ; fax: +33561145640. E-mail:
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Huang TY, Liang CK, Shen HC, Chen HI, Liao MC, Chou MY, Lin YT, Chen LK. Gait Speed rather than Dynapenia Is a Simple Indicator for Complex Care Needs: A Cross-sectional Study Using Minimum Data Set. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8418. [PMID: 28827697 PMCID: PMC5566363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of dynapenia on the complexity of care for residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF) remains unclear. The present study evaluated associations between dynapenia, care problems and care complexity in 504 residents of Veterans Care Homes (VCHs) in Taiwan. Subjects with dynapenia, defined as low muscle strength (handgrip strength <26 kg), were older adults with lower body mass index (BMI), slow gait speed, and higher numbers of Resident Assessment Protocol (RAP) triggers. After adjusting for age, education, BMI, and Charlson’s comorbidity index (CCI), only age, education, BMI and gait speed were independently associated with higher numbers of RAP triggers, but not dynapenia or handgrip strength (kg). Dividing subjects into groups based on quartiles of gait speed, those with gait speed ≤0.803 m/s were significantly associated with higher complexity of care needs (defined as ≥4 RAP triggers) compared to the reference group (gait speed >1 m/s). Significantly slow gait speed was associated with RAP triggers, including cognitive loss, poor communication ability, rehabilitation needs, urinary incontinence, depressed mood, falls, pressure ulcers, and use of psychotropic drugs. In conclusion, slow gait speed rather than dynapenia is a simple indicator for higher complexity of care needs of older male LTCF residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ya Huang
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Liang
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Shen
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hon-I Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Liao
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yueh Chou
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Te Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Molnár A, Jónásné Sztruhár I, Csontos ÁA, Ferencz C, Várbíró S, Székács B. Special nutrition intervention is required for muscle protective efficacy of physical exercise in elderly people at highest risk of sarcopenia. Physiol Int 2017; 103:368-376. [PMID: 28229646 DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Progressive loss of muscle mass and strength is a physiological consequence of aging, and without interventions, it usually deteriorates into sarcopenia. In this study, the hypothesis that combined special nutritional-physiotherapeutical intervention to prevent or reverse this biological deterioration in elderly people was tested. The effects of the regular resistance muscle training (PT, n = 17) alone and the combined exercise + special nutrition therapy containing whey protein and vitamin D (PT + NT, n = 17) were monitored for 3 months in 34 elderly patients (12 men and 22 women; mean age: 66.47 years) randomly distributed into two groups at a long-term care facility. Physical exercise alone did not result in significant improvement in skeletal muscle mass or strength, whereas combined intervention significantly increased the muscle strength (22.51 ± 2.35 vs. 24.54 ± 2.65, [Formula: see text] ± SEM, kg, p = 0.027). When therapeutic responses to the intervention were compared, a significant advantage of PT + NT over PT was found. The same trend was found when the non-significant post-therapeutic alterations (χ2 test) of the distribution of normal vs. pre-sarcopenic + sarcopenic conditions within the two groups were compared. Combined intervention (PT + NT) is necessary for the efficient protection of the musculature in the high-risk elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Molnár
- 1 School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Health Science Research, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Á A Csontos
- 3 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cs Ferencz
- 4 Geronto-Psychiatric Rehabilitation Department, Szent Imre University Teaching Hospital , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sz Várbíró
- 5 2nd Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Székács
- 6 2nd Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
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Van Ancum JM, Scheerman K, Jonkman NH, Smeenk HE, Kruizinga RC, Meskers CG, Maier AB. Change in muscle strength and muscle mass in older hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2017; 92:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lafoux A, Baudry C, Bonhomme C, Le Ruyet P, Huchet C. Soluble Milk Protein Supplementation with Moderate Physical Activity Improves Locomotion Function in Aging Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167707. [PMID: 27973615 PMCID: PMC5156411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a loss of muscle mass and functional capacity. Present study was designed to compare the impact of specific dairy proteins on muscular function with or without a low-intensity physical activity program on a treadmill in an aged rat model. We investigated the effects of nutritional supplementation, five days a week over a 2-month period with a slow digestible protein, casein or fast digestible proteins, whey or soluble milk protein, on strength and locomotor parameters in sedentary or active aged Wistar RjHan rats (17–19 months of age). An extensive gait analysis was performed before and after protein supplementation. After two months of protein administration and activity program, muscle force was evaluated using a grip test, spontaneous activity using an open-field and muscular mass by specific muscle sampling. When aged rats were supplemented with proteins without exercise, only minor effects of different diets on muscle mass and locomotion were observed: higher muscle mass in the casein group and improvement of stride frequencies with soluble milk protein. By contrast, supplementation with soluble milk protein just after physical activity was more effective at improving overall skeletal muscle function in old rats compared to casein. For active old rats supplemented with soluble milk protein, an increase in locomotor activity in the open field and an enhancement of static and dynamic gait parameters compared to active groups supplemented with casein or whey were observed without any differences in muscle mass and forelimb strength. These results suggest that consumption of soluble milk protein as a bolus immediately after a low intensity physical activity may be a suitable nutritional intervention to prevent decline in locomotion in aged rats and strengthen the interest to analyze the longitudinal aspect of locomotion in aged rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Lafoux
- INSERM U1087 Institut du thorax, Therassay, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Corinne Huchet
- INSERM U1087 Institut du thorax, Therassay, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Tufan A, Bahat G, Ozkaya H, Taşcıoğlu D, Tufan F, Saka B, Akin S, Karan MA. Low skeletal muscle mass index is associated with function and nutritional status in residents in a Turkish nursing home. Aging Male 2016; 19:182-186. [PMID: 27223484 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2016.1188069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine the prevalence of low muscle mass (LMM) and the relationship between LMM with functional and nutritional status as defined using the LMM evaluation method of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria among male residents in a nursing home. METHODS Male residents aged >60 years of a nursing home located in Turkey were included in our study. Their body mass index (BMI) kg/m2, skeletal muscle mass (SMM-kg) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI-kg/m2) were calculated. The participants were regarded as having low SMMI if they had SMMI <9.2 kg/m2 according to our population specific cut-off point. Functional status was evaluated with Katz activities of daily living (ADL) and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Nutritional assessment was performed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). The number of drugs taken and chronic diseases were recorded. RESULTS One hundred fifty-seven male residents were enrolled into the study. Their mean age was 73.1 ± 6.7 years with mean ADL score of 8.9 ± 2.0 and IADL score of 8.7 ± 4.6. One hundred twelve (71%) residents were aged >70 years. Thirty-five men (23%) had low SMMI in group aged >60 years, and twenty-eight subjects (25%) in the group aged >70 years. MNA scores were significantly lower in residents with low SMMI compared with having normal SMMI (17.1 ± 3.4 versus 19.6 ± 2.5, p = 0.005). BMI was significantly lower in the residents with low SMMI compared with normal SMMI (19.6 ± 2.7 versus 27.1 ± 4.1, p< 0.001). ADL scores were significantly different between residents with low SMMI and normal SMMI in those aged >70 years (8.1 ± 2.6 versus 9.1 ± 1.6, p = 0.014). In regression analyses, the only factor associated with better functional status was the lower age (p = 0.04) while the only factor associated with better nutrition was higher SMMI (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Low SMMI detected by LMM evaluation method of EWGSOP criteria is prevalent among male nursing home residents. There is association of low SMMI with nutritional status and probably with functional status within the nursing home setting using the EWGSOP criteria with Turkish normative reference cut-off value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Tufan
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Geriatrics, Marmara University Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Gulistan Bahat
- b Istanbul Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hilal Ozkaya
- c Department of Health and Social Services , Kayışdagi Darulaceze Ministry, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Didem Taşcıoğlu
- b Istanbul Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Fatih Tufan
- b Istanbul Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Bülent Saka
- b Istanbul Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sibel Akin
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Geriatrics, Erciyes University Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Karan
- b Istanbul Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Lardiés-Sánchez B, Sanz-Paris A, Boj-Carceller D, Cruz-Jentoft A. Systematic review: Prevalence of sarcopenia in ageing people using bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess muscle mass. Eur Geriatr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Baillargeon J, Deer RR, Kuo YF, Zhang D, Goodwin JS, Volpi E. Androgen Therapy and Rehospitalization in Older Men With Testosterone Deficiency. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:587-95. [PMID: 27061765 PMCID: PMC4860086 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the receipt of androgen therapy is associated with a reduced 30-day rehospitalization rate among older men with testosterone deficiency. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a 5% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries. We identified 6372 nonsurgical hospitalizations between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2012, for male patients aged 66 years and older with a previous diagnosis of testosterone deficiency. Patients who died or lost Medicare coverage in the 30 days after hospital discharge or who were discharged to another inpatient setting were excluded from the analysis. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the risk of 30-day hospital readmissions associated with receipt of androgen therapy. RESULTS In older men with testosterone deficiency, receipt of androgen therapy was associated with a reduced risk of rehospitalization (91 of 929 androgen users [9.8%] vs 708 of 5443 non-androgen users [13.0%]; OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.92) in the 30 days after hospital discharge. In a logistic regression analysis adjusting for multiple demographic, clinical, and health service variables, the OR was similar (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.95). The adjusted OR for unplanned 30-day hospital readmissions was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.47-0.83). Each of these findings persisted across a range of propensity score analyses-including adjustment, stratification, and inverse probability treatment weighting-and several sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Androgen therapy may reduce the risk of rehospitalization in older men with testosterone deficiency. Given the high rates of early hospital readmission among older adults, further exploration of this intervention holds broad clinical and public health relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Baillargeon
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
| | - Rachel R Deer
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Yong-Fang Kuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - James S Goodwin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Elena Volpi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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Salvà A, Serra-Rexach JA, Artaza I, Formiga F, Rojano I Luque X, Cuesta F, López-Soto A, Masanés F, Ruiz D, Cruz-Jentoft AJ. [Prevalence of sarcopenia in Spanish nursing homes: Comparison of the results of the ELLI study with other populations]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2016; 51:260-4. [PMID: 27068239 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia, according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, in men and women living in Spanish nursing homes. METHODS Multi-centre study was conducted on ambulatory persons over 69 years old living in nursing homes. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis, grip strength with a Jamar dynamometer, and gait speed using the 4 metre walk test. Sarcopenia was assessed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria (gait speed<0.8m/s; grip strength<30kg in men or 20kg in women, and muscle mass index <8.31kg/m(2) in men or<6.68kg/m(2) in women). RESULTS The study included 276 subjects with a median age 87.2 years, and with 69% women. Sarcopenia was demonstrated in 37% (15% men, 46% women), 37% had low muscle mass, 86% low gait speed, and 95% low grip strength. Prevalence of sarcopenia increased with advancing age. Both weakness and low gait speed was observed in 90% of individuals with sarcopenia, with 39% of the total having low gait speed, and 38% with weakness. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is a frequent condition in older persons living in nursing homes, especially among women. Most of the cases are severe, with both low muscle strength and physical performance. Although muscle function is altered in 9 out 10 participants, most of them have preserved muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Salvà
- Fundació Salut i Envelliment, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
| | | | - Iñaki Artaza
- Igurco Servicios Sociosanitarios, Bilbao, España
| | - Francesc Formiga
- Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, España
| | - Xavier Rojano I Luque
- Fundació Salut i Envelliment, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Federico Cuesta
- Geriatría, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Alfonso López-Soto
- Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, España; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Ferran Masanés
- Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, España; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Domingo Ruiz
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, España; Geriatría, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, España; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Panza F, Solfrizzi V, Barulli MR, Santamato A, Seripa D, Pilotto A, Logroscino G. Cognitive Frailty: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological and Neurobiological Evidence of an Age-Related Clinical Condition. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 18:389-412. [PMID: 25808052 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is the focus of recent studies on familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting a prolonged pre-clinical phase several decades before the onset of dementia symptoms. Influencing some age-related conditions, such as frailty, may have an impact on the prevention of late-life cognitive disorders. Frailty reflects a nonspecific state of vulnerability and a multi-system physiological change with increased risk for adverse health outcomes in older age. In this systematic review, frailty indexes based on a deficit accumulation model were associated with late life cognitive impairment and decline, incident dementia, and AD. Physical frailty constructs were associated with late-life cognitive impairment and decline, incident AD and mild cognitive impairment, vascular dementia, non-AD dementias, and AD pathology in older persons with and without dementia, thus also proposing cognitive frailty as a new clinical condition with co-existing physical frailty and cognitive impairment in non-demented older subjects. Considering both physical frailty and cognitive impairment as a single complex phenotype may be central in the prevention of dementia and its subtypes with secondary preventive trials on cognitive frail older subjects. The mechanisms underlying the cognitive-frailty link are multi-factorial, and vascular, inflammatory, nutritional, and metabolic influences may be of major relevance. There is a critical need for randomized controlled trials of intervention investigating the role of nutrition and/or physical exercise on cognitive frail subjects with the progression to dementia as primary outcome. These preventive trials and larger longitudinal population-based studies targeting cognitive outcomes could be useful in further understanding the cognitive-frailty interplay in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panza
- 1 Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics , Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- 2 Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Barulli
- 3 Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari, Italy .,4 Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro , "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Santamato
- 5 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,"OORR Hospital", University of Foggia , Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- 1 Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics , Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- 1 Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics , Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy .,6 Geriatric Unit, Azienda ULSS 16 Padova, Hospital S. Antonio , Padova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- 3 Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari, Italy .,4 Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro , "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
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Yalcin A, Aras S, Atmis V, Cengiz OK, Varli M, Cinar E, Atli T. Sarcopenia prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in older people living in a nursing home in Ankara Turkey. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 16:903-10. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yalcin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Ankara University School of Medicine İbn-i Sina Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Sevgi Aras
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Ankara University School of Medicine İbn-i Sina Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Volkan Atmis
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Ankara University School of Medicine İbn-i Sina Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ozlem Karaarslan Cengiz
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Ankara University School of Medicine İbn-i Sina Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Murat Varli
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Ankara University School of Medicine İbn-i Sina Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Esat Cinar
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Ankara University School of Medicine İbn-i Sina Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - Teslime Atli
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Ankara University School of Medicine İbn-i Sina Hospital; Ankara Turkey
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Kaehr E, Visvanathan R, Malmstrom TK, Morley JE. Frailty in Nursing Homes: The FRAIL-NH Scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16:87-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Messinger-Rapport BJ, Gammack JK, Little MO, Morley JE. Clinical Update on Nursing Home Medicine: 2014. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15:786-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Serrano-Urrea R, García-Meseguer MJ. Relationships between nutritional screening and functional impairment in institutionalized Spanish older people. Maturitas 2014; 78:323-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Morley JE. Why Have the Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Declined Over the Past 30 Years? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15:449-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cherin P, Voronska E, Fraoucene N, de Jaeger C. Prevalence of sarcopenia among healthy ambulatory subjects: the sarcopenia begins from 45 years. Aging Clin Exp Res 2014; 26:137-46. [PMID: 24129803 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sarcopenia has been indicated as a reliable marker of frailty and poor prognosis among the oldest individuals. There are only few data on sarcopenia in healthy general population. We evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with functional and clinical status in a population of healthy ambulatory subjects over 45 years living at home, in Paris (France). METHODS This study was conducted selecting all ambulatory participants (n = 1,445) aged 45 years and older from October 2008 to September 2011, consulting in the Institute of Physiology (Institut de Jaeger) from Paris (France) for a functional and muscular evaluation, and did not have limitations to moderate physical exercise. All were healthy people. All subjects performed a medical examination, associated with evaluation of muscle mass (body composition assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and of muscle function (by hand grip strength). Diagnosis of sarcopenia required the documentation of low muscle mass with low muscle strength according to the current international consensus definition of sarcopenia. RESULTS From 1,421 participants (553 males and 868 females) definitively enrolled, 221 subjects (135 females and 86 males) (15.5 %) were identified as sarcopenic. Results from multivariate logistic regression models showed that sarcopenia was inversely associated with BMI with those participants with BMI higher than 22 kg/m(2) showing a lower risk of sarcopenia relative to those with BMI less than 21 kg/m(2) (OR 0.72; 95 % CI 0.60-0.91). Similarly, probability of sarcopenia was lower among subjects involved in leisure physical activities for 3 h or more per week (OR 0.45; 95 % CI 0.24-0.93). According to the category of age [45-54; 55-64; 65-74; 75-84 and 85 years or more], the prevalence of sarcopenia in women increase from 9.1; 12.7; 14.5; 19.4; to 33.3 %, respectively. For the men, the percentage of sarcopenia increase with aging from 8.6; 15.6; 13.6; 63.8 to 45.5 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that among healthy ambulatory subjects over 45 years living at home, sarcopenia is frequent, even to the youngest subjects of the studied population, taking place from 9 % from 45 years, until 64.3 % for the subjects over 85 years. Our findings support the hypothesis that muscle mass and function are associated with BMI and physical activity, whatever the age of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cherin
- Service de Médecine Interne I, CHU Pitié-Salpétrière, 47 bd de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France,
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Halil M, Ulger Z, Varlı M, Döventaş A, Oztürk GB, Kuyumcu ME, Yavuz BB, Yesil Y, Tufan F, Cankurtaran M, Saka B, Sahin S, Curgunlu A, Tekin N, Akçiçek F, Karan MA, Atlı T, Beger T, Erdinçler DS, Arıoğul S. Sarcopenia assessment project in the nursing homes in Turkey. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:690-4. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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SARC-F: A Simple Questionnaire to Rapidly Diagnose Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14:531-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Morley JE. Scientific overview of hormone treatment used for rejuvenation. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1807-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Frailty is now a definable clinical syndrome with a simple screening test. Age-related changes in hormones play a major role in the development of frailty by reducing muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia). Selective Androgen Receptor Molecules and ghrelin agonists are being developed to treat sarcopenia. The role of Activin Type IIB soluble receptors and Follistatin-like 3 mimetics is less certain because of side effects. Exercise (resistance and aerobic), vitamin D and protein supplementation, and reduction of polypharmacy are keys to the treatment of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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Morley JE. Hypogonadism, testosterone, and nursing home residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14:381-3. [PMID: 23647780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pedrero-Chamizo R, Albers U, Tobaruela JL, Meléndez A, Castillo MJ, González-Gross M. Physical strength is associated with Mini-Mental State Examination scores in Spanish institutionalized elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13:1026-34. [PMID: 23506641 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present cross-sectional study aimed at assessing muscle strength of hands, the dominant arm and legs in Spanish institutionalized elderly people according to sex, age and cognitive status. METHODS A total of 153 elderly subjects (102 females, 51 males, mean age 83.6 ± 6.8 years) living in the region of Madrid were measured for handgrip strength (kg) with a Takei TKK 5101 digital dynamometer (range 5-100 kg, precision 0.1 kg), and arm and leg endurance strength (repetitions) according to the Rikli and Jones tests. Cognitive status was determined with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). RESULTS The values for men and women were, respectively: 23.5 ± 7.3 kg and 11.6 ± 4.6 kg (right handgrip), 22.0 ± 7.8 kg and 10.7 ± 4.8 kg (left handgrip), 13 ± 5 and 10 ± 5 repetitions (arm strength), 8 ± 5 and 5 ± 4 repetitions (legs strength), and 21 ± 6 and 17 ± 7 (MMSE score). All parameters were significantly higher for men (P ≤ 0.01), but strength decline with age was less pronounced in women. In all MMSE groups, lower strength was associated with lower cognitive status. CONCLUSIONS Strength values were lower in older subjects in both sexes; this difference was higher in men than in women. Higher strength values were associated with better cognitive status, which was the most influencing variable, even more than sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pedrero-Chamizo
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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