1
|
Zhuo X, He C, Cai R, Shi Q. Effect of salinity on molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter using ESI FT-ICR MS. Talanta 2024; 266:125005. [PMID: 37536107 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with negative-ion Electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been widely used for molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, little attention has paid to test whether the salinity of the sample and the presence of chloride ions in water samples affect the molecular composition of DOM extracted by SPE (SPE-DOM). In this study, one natural organic matter standard and several natural waters were selected to investigate how salinity affects the molecular composition of SPE-DOM and the selectivity of chloride ion adducts formation with respect to the molecular structure of SPE-DOM in negative ion ESI FT-ICR MS analysis. The results show that the molecular composition of SPE-DOM varied in a sample made by different salinity; and the variation pattern of DOM composition was different among different water samples under the treatment of consistent salinity gradients. The chloride ions can't be completely removed from cartridges in conventional SPE, thus leading organic compounds in SPE-DOM to form [M+Cl]‾ adducts when performing ESI FT-ICR MS analysis. In addition, the molecules with high H/C and low O/C ratios were likely to form [M+Cl]‾ ions. The relative abundance of [M+Cl]‾ ions could increase with the increase of salinity. These results are instructive to guide the pretreatment and molecular characterization of DOM in water samples with different salinity. Overall, we proposed a modification to the SPE to minimum reduce the formation of chloride ion adducts during the isolation of DOM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocun Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, PR China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, PR China.
| | - Ruanhong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Diop M, El-Hayek M, Attard J, Muhieddine A, Veremeienko V, Soorkia S, Carbonnière P, de la Lande A, Soep B, Shafizadeh N. Chlorophyll and pheophytin protonated and deprotonated ions: Observation and theory. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:194308. [PMID: 37987519 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheophytin a and chlorophyll a have been investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry in the positive and negative modes, in view of the importance of the knowledge of their properties in photosynthesis. Pheophytin and chlorophyll are both observed intensely in the protonated mode, and their main fragmentation route is the loss of their phytyl chain. Pheophytin is observed intact in the negative mode, while under collisions, it is primarily cleaved beyond the phytyl chain and loses the attaching propionate group. Chlorophyll is not detected in normal conditions in the negative mode, but addition of methanol solvent molecule is detected. Fragmentation of this adduct primarily forms a product (-30 amu) that dissociates into dephytyllated deprotonated chlorophyll. Semi-empirical molecular dynamics calculations show that the phytyl chain is unfolded from the chlorin cycle in pheophytin a and folded in chlorophyll a. Density functional theory calculations have been conducted to locate the charges on protonated and deprotonated pheophytin a and chlorophyll a and have found the major location sites that are notably more stable in energy by more than 0.5 eV than the others. The deprotonation site is found identical for pheophytin a and the chlorophyll a-methanol adduct. This is in line with experiment and calculation locating the addition of methanol on a double bond of deprotonated chlorophyll a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Diop
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d' Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M El-Hayek
- Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Attard
- Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Pau, France
| | - A Muhieddine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d' Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Veremeienko
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Soorkia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d' Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ph Carbonnière
- Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Pau, France
| | - A de la Lande
- Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B Soep
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d' Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - N Shafizadeh
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d' Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Palomino TV, Muddiman DC. Predicting Sialic Acid Content of N-Linked Glycans Using the Isotopic Pattern of Chlorine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37289618 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids play several roles in both physiological and pathological processes; however, due to their labile nature, they are difficult to analyze using mass spectrometry. Previous work has shown that infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) is able to detect intact sialylated N-linked glycans without the use of chemical derivatization. In this work, we describe a new rule that can predict the number of sialic acids on a glycan. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue was prepared using previously established methods and analyzed using IR-MALDESI in negative-ion mode mass spectrometry. Using the experimental isotopic distribution of a detected glycan, we can predict the number of sialic acids on the glycan; #sialic acids is equal to the charge state minus the number of chlorine adducts, or z - #Cl-. This new rule grants confident glycan annotations and compositions beyond accurate mass measurements, thereby further improving the capability of IR-MALDESI to study sialylated N-linked glycans within biological tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tana V Palomino
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amoah E, Kulyk DS, Callam CS, Hadad CM, Badu-Tawiah AK. Mass Spectrometry Approach for Differentiation of Positional Isomers of Saccharides: Toward Direct Analysis of Rare Sugars. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5635-5642. [PMID: 36947664 PMCID: PMC10696529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Rare sugars have gained popularity in recent years due to their use in antiaging treatments, their ability to sweeten with few calories, and their ability to heal infections. Rare sugars are found in small quantities in nature, and they exist typically as isomeric forms of traditional sugars, rendering some challenges in their isolation, synthesis, and characterization. In this work, we present the first direct mass spectrometric approach for differentiating structural isomers of sucrose that differ only by their glycosidic linkages. The method employed a noncontact nanoelectrospray (nESI) platform capable of analyzing minuscule volumes (5 μL) of saccharides via the formation of halide adducts ([M+X]-; X = Cl and Br). Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the five structural isomers of sucrose afforded diagnostic fragment ions that can be used to distinguish each isomer. Detailed mechanisms showcasing the distinct fragmentation pattern for each isomer are discussed. The method was applied to characterize and confirm the presence of all five selected rare sugars in raw honey complex samples. Aside from the five natural α isomers of sucrose, the method was also suitable for differentiating some β isomers of the same glycosidic linkages, provided the monomeric sugar units are different. The halide adduct formation via the noncontact nESI source was also proven to be effective for oligosaccharides such as raffinose, β-cyclodextrin, and maltoheptaose. The results from this study encourage the future development of methods that function with simple operation to enable straightforward characterization of small quantities of rare sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Amoah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dmytro S. Kulyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher S. Callam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ruf A, Kanawati B, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Dihydrogen phosphate anion boosts the detection of sugars in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: A combined experimental and computational investigation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9283. [PMID: 35229909 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sugars are key molecules of life but challenging to detect via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Unfortunately, sugars are challenging analytes for mass spectrometric methods due to their high gas-phase deprotonation energies and low gas-phase proton affinities which make them difficult to ionize in high abundance for MS detection. METHODS Hydrogen-bond interactions in H2 PO4 - -saccharide anionic systems were studied both experimentally (via electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, ESI-FT-ICR-MS) and computationally by several sophisticated density-functional theoretical methods (DFT and DFT-D3). RESULTS The H2 PO4 - dopant boosts the detection of sugars up to 51-times in the case of sucrose and up to 263-times for glucose (at 0.1 ppm concentration level). H2 PO4 - binds toward sugar molecules with noticeably more hydrogen bonds than the established dopant chloride Cl- does, with increasing binding energies in the order: Monosaccharides < Trisaccharides < Disaccharides. Analysis of a complex oak plant sample revealed that NH4 H2 PO4 specifically labeled a diverse set of sugar-type plant metabolites in the form of [M + H2 PO4 ]- complexes. CONCLUSIONS We reveal the mechanism of interaction of H2 PO4 - with different sugars and glycosylated organic compounds, which significantly enhances their ionization in mass spectrometry. A computational and experimental investigation is presented. A strong correlation between the MS signal intensities of detected [M + H2 PO4 ]- anions of different saccharides and their calculated dissociation enthalpies was revealed. Thus, the variation in MS signal intensities can be very well described to a large extent by the variation in calculated saccharide affinities toward the H2 PO4 - dopant anion, showing that DFT-D3 can very well describe experimental FT-ICR-MS observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ruf
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Université Aix-Marseille, Laboratoire de Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (PIIM), Marseille, France
| | - Basem Kanawati
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
An improved method for galactosyl oligosaccharide characterization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1184:122967. [PMID: 34649174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to beneficial effects of galactosyl oligosaccharides (GOS) on digestive and immune health, their characterization has become increasingly important. This is especially so as GOS are synthesized enzymatically and contain oligosaccharides of different sizes and linkages. High performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is widely used for GOS characterization. With its high resolving power, it can separate structural isomers. Here we present a significant improvement to currently used methods. Our approach combines high resolution HPAE separation on a CarboPac PA300 column with 4 µm particle size with PAD and Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) detections to provide in-depth information on GOS composition. Oligosaccharide resolution, especially in the disaccharide region, is significantly improved and can be routinely achieved. Improvement in technology to remove sodium before MS results in minimal peak dispersion, allowing GOS degrees of polymerization 2 to 6 to be identified based on mass spectra obtained from intact oligosaccharides and confirmed using fragmentation patterns observed in MS/MS data. Combining HPAE with MS led to identification of 28 oligosaccharides in a commercial GOS sample. We attempted to correlate oligosaccharide structure with observed elution behavior. To our knowledge this is first such attempt and can form a basis for a comprehensive structure vs HPAE elution behavior database.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee KM, Han SM, Lee S, Jeong TY, Kim HJ, Min H, Kim KH, Cha S, Oh WK, Lee J. Fluoride-assisted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous analysis of propofol and its metabolites without derivatization in urine. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462360. [PMID: 34246057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The misuse of propofol for recreational purposes has become a serious social issue. Accordingly, practical and sensitive analytical methods to investigate the chronic abuse and toxicity of propofol are required. However, current propofol determination methods using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) suffer from problems associated with loss in sample preparation due to its volatility and its poor ionization efficiency and collision-induced dissociation in mass spectrometry. Herein, we have developed a sensitive and accurate fluoride-assisted LC-MS/MS method combined with direct-injection for propofol determination. Ionization via fluoride-ion attachment/induced deprotonation, effected by ammonium fluoride in the mobile phase, was found to dramatically improve the sensitivity of propofol without derivatization. Furthermore, direct injection without derivatization enables the simultaneous analysis of propofol and its phase II metabolites without analyte loss. The optimal concentration of ammonium fluoride in the mobile phase was found to be 1 mM under methanol conditions. The linearity is good (R2 ≥ 0.999) and the intra- and inter-day precisions for propofol determination are between 1.9 and 8.7%. The accuracies range from 87.5% to 105.4% and the limits of detection and quantitation for propofol in urine are 0.15 and 0.44 ng mL-1, respectively. The present method was successfully applied to human urine and showed a sufficient sensitivity to determine propofol and five phase II metabolites over 48 h in human urine after administration. Consequently, the fluoride-assisted LC-MS/MS method was demonstrated to be sensitive, accurate, and practical for the determination of propofol and its metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Mi Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moon Han
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwa Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Jeong
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jun Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pismennõi D, Kiritsenko V, Marhivka J, Kütt ML, Vilu R. Development and Optimisation of HILIC-LC-MS Method for Determination of Carbohydrates in Fermentation Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:3669. [PMID: 34208735 PMCID: PMC8235229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharides are the most common carbon source for Streptococcus thermophilus, which is a widely used bacterium in the production of fermented dairy products. The performance of the strain is influenced by the consumption of different saccharides during fermentation. Therefore, a precise measurement of the concentrations of saccharides in the fermentation media is essential. An 18-min long method with limits of quantitation in the range of 0.159-0.704 mg/L and with 13C labelled internal standards employing hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric detection-(HILIC-LC-MS) allowed for simultaneous quantification of five saccharides: fructose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose in the fermentation samples. The method included a four-step sample preparation protocol, which could be easily applied to high-throughput analysis. The developed method was validated and applied to the fermentation samples produced by Streptococcus thermophilus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Pismennõi
- Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies (TFTAK), Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (V.K.); (J.M.); (M.-L.K.); (R.V.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vassili Kiritsenko
- Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies (TFTAK), Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (V.K.); (J.M.); (M.-L.K.); (R.V.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaroslav Marhivka
- Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies (TFTAK), Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (V.K.); (J.M.); (M.-L.K.); (R.V.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mary-Liis Kütt
- Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies (TFTAK), Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (V.K.); (J.M.); (M.-L.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Raivo Vilu
- Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies (TFTAK), Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (V.K.); (J.M.); (M.-L.K.); (R.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guan P, Xie C, Li L, Fang X, Wu F, Hu JJ, Tang K. Structural resolution of disaccharides through halogen anion complexation using negative trapped ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 230:122348. [PMID: 33934797 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are an indispensable part of early life evolution. The determination of their structures is a key step to analyze their critical roles in biological systems. A variation of composition, glycosidic linkage, and (or) configuration between carbohydrate isomers induces structure diversity and brings challenges for their structural determination. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), an emerging gas-phase ion separation technology, has been considered as a promising tool for performing carbohydrate structure elucidation. In this work, eight disaccharides were analyzed by trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS) in the negative ion mode as the complexed form of [M + X]-, where M = disaccharide, and X = Cl, Br, and I. As compared to the positive ion analysis of the selected disaccharide in a sodiated form, a reversal charge state provided the ability to eliminate or even reverse the collision cross section (CCS) difference between disaccharide isomers. By the combination of TIMS analysis and the calculation of density functional theory, the only observed two conformers of ions [lactulose + I]- may result from different adduction sites for an iodide anion. Based on the comparison of different halogen adducts, the [M + I]- ion form exhibited more powerful ability for isomeric disaccharide differentiation with an average resolution (RP-P) of 1.17, which results in a 34.5% improvement as compared to the corresponding chloride adducts. This result indicates that the use of negative charge states, especially the complexation of an iodide anion, could be a supplemental strategy to commonly used positive ion analysis for carbohydrate separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chengyi Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Fangling Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Jun Jack Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Keqi Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sutton JM, El Zahar NM, Bartlett MG. Oligonucleotide Anion Adduct Formation Using Negative Ion Electrospray Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:497-508. [PMID: 33476148 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving the mobile phase of electrospray oligonucleotides has been a major focus in the field of oligonucleotides. These improved mobile phases should reduce the charge state envelope of oligonucleotides coupled with electrospray ionization, which is key to reducing spectral complexity and increasing sensitivity. Traditional mobile phase compositions with fluorinated alcohol and alkylamine, like hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and triethylamine (TEA), have a large amount of cationic adduction and many charge states. Utilizing different fluorinated alcohol and alkylamine combinations, like nonafluoro-tert-butyl alcohol (NFTB) and octylamine (OA), can selectively reduce the charge states analyzed. Other classes of biomolecules have been analyzed with anionic salts to stabilize complexes, increase the molecular peak detection, and even provide unique structural information about these molecules; however, there have been no studies using anionic salts with oligonucleotides. Our experiments systematically study the stability and binding of ammonium anionic salt. We show that anions selectively bind low charge states of these oligonucleotides. Ion-mobility measurements are made to determine the collision cross section (CCS) of these oligonucleotides with anion adduction. We utilize both a nucleic acid exact hard sphere simulation (EHSS) calibration and a protein calibration. We are able to show that NFTB/OA is a good choice for the study of oligonucleotides with reduced charge states for the binding of anionic salts and the determination of CCS using ion mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Sutton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602-2352, United States
| | - Noha M El Zahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602-2352, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, South Sinai Governorate 46612, Egypt
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602-2352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harvey DJ. NEGATIVE ION MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF N-LINKED GLYCANS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:586-679. [PMID: 32329121 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
N-glycans from glycoproteins are complex, branched structures whose structural determination presents many analytical problems. Mass spectrometry, usually conducted in positive ion mode, often requires extensive sample manipulation, usually by derivatization such as permethylation, to provide the necessary structure-revealing fragment ions. The newer but, so far, lesser used negative ion techniques, on the contrary, provide a wealth of structural information not present in positive ion spectra that greatly simplify the analysis of these compounds and can usually be conducted without the need for derivatization. This review describes the use of negative ion mass spectrometry for the structural analysis of N-linked glycans and emphasises the many advantages that can be gained by this mode of operation. Biosynthesis and structures of the compounds are described followed by methods for release of the glycans from the protein. Methods for ionization are discussed with emphasis on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and methods for producing negative ions from neutral compounds. Acidic glycans naturally give deprotonated species under most ionization conditions. Fragmentation of negative ions is discussed next with particular reference to those ions that are diagnostic for specific features such as the branching topology of the glycans and substitution positions of moieties such as fucose and sulfate, features that are often difficult to identify easily by conventional techniques such as positive ion fragmentation and exoglycosidase digestions. The advantages of negative over positive ions for this structural work are emphasised with an example of a series of glycans where all other methods failed to produce a structure. Fragmentation of derivatized glycans is discussed next, both with respect to derivatives at the reducing terminus of the molecules, and to methods for neutralization of the acidic groups on sialic acids to both stabilize them for MALDI analysis and to produce the diagnostic fragments seen with the neutral glycans. The use of ion mobility, combined with conventional mass spectrometry is described with emphasis on its use to extract clean glycan spectra both before and after fragmentation, to separate isomers and its use to extract additional information from separated fragment ions. A section on applications follows with examples of the identification of novel structures from lower organisms and tables listing the use of negative ions for structural identification of specific glycoproteins, glycans from viruses and uses in the biopharmaceutical industry and in medicine. The review concludes with a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang C, Yan J, Zhan L, Zhao M, Zhou J, Gao H, Xie W, Li Y, Chai W. Linkage and sequence analysis of neutral oligosaccharides by negative-ion MALDI tandem mass spectrometry with laser-induced dissociation. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1071:25-35. [PMID: 31128752 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the primary method for high-sensitivity structural determination of oligosaccharides. Fragmentation in the negative-ion MS can provide a wealth of structural information and these can be used for sequence determination. However, although negative-ion MS of neutral oligosaccharide using the deprotonated molecule [M-H]- as the precursor has been very successful for electrospray ionization (ESI), it has only limited success for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). In the present study, the features of negative-ion MALDI primary spectra were investigated in detail and the product-ion spectra using [M-H]- and [M+Cl]- as the precursors were carefully compared. The formation of [M-H]- was the main difficulty for MALDI while [M+Cl]- was proved to be useful as alternative precursor anion for MALDI-MS/MS to produce similar fragmentation for sequencing of neutral oligosaccharides. N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride was then used as both the matrix and the Cl- dopant to evaluate the extent of structural information that can be obtained by negative-ion fragmentation from [M+Cl]- using laser-induced dissociation (LID)-MS/MS for linkage assignment of gluco-oligosaccharides and for typing of blood-group ABO(H) and Lewis antigens on either type 1 or type 2 backbone-chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuncui Huang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; GuangDong Bio-healtech Advanced, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingpeng Zhan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanyu Gao
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenchun Xie
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; GuangDong Bio-healtech Advanced, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effects of chloride ions in acid-catalyzed biomass dehydration reactions in polar aprotic solvents. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1132. [PMID: 30850608 PMCID: PMC6408490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of polar aprotic solvents in acid-catalyzed biomass conversion reactions can lead to improved reaction rates and selectivities. We show that further increases in catalyst performance in polar aprotic solvents can be achieved through the addition of inorganic salts, specifically chlorides. Reaction kinetics studies of the Brønsted acid-catalyzed dehydration of fructose to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) show that the use of catalytic concentrations of chloride salts leads to a 10-fold increase in reactivity. Furthermore, increased HMF yields can be achieved using polar aprotic solvents mixed with chlorides. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD) show that highly localized negative charge on Cl- allows the chloride anion to more readily approach and stabilize the oxocarbenium ion that forms and the deprotonation transition state. High concentrations of polar aprotic solvents form local hydrophilic environments near the reactive hydroxyl group which stabilize both the proton and chloride anions and promote the dehydration of fructose.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao N, Cheng M, Huang S, Liu D, Zhao Q, Bai Y, Zhang X. Various Multicharged Anions of Ginsenosides in Negative Electrospray Ionization with QTOF High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:403-418. [PMID: 30644055 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When characterizing components from ginseng, we found a vast number of multicharged anions presented in the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) chromatograms. The source of these anions is unclear yet, while ginsenosides, the major components of ginseng, are the main suspected type of molecules because of their sugar moiety. Our investigation using 14 pure ginsenosides affirmed that the multicharged anions were formed by ginsenosides rather than other types of ingredients in ginseng. Various anions could be observed for each ginsenoside. These anions contain ions ([M-2H]2-, [M+Adduct]2-), as well as those formed by polymerization of at least two ginsenosides, such as [nM-2H]2-, [nM-H+Adduct]2-, and [nM-3H]3-. The presence of so different types of ions from a ginsenoside explains the reason for the large number of anions in the LC-MS analysis of ginseng. We further found that formation of [nM-2H]2- ions was influenced by the number of sugar chains: ginsenosides containing two sugar chains produced all [nM-2H]2- ion types, whereas ginsenosides containing one sugar chain did not produce [2M-2H]2-. Thus, [2M-2H]2- and [3M-2H]2- can be utilized to rapidly identify monodesmosidic and/or bidesmosidic ginsenosides as joint diagnostic anions. The position of the glycosyl radical might be the key factor affecting the formation of multicharged multimer ions from monodesmosidic ginsenosides. Consequently, three groups of ginsenoside isomers were differentiated by characteristic [nM-2H]2- anions. Using concentration-dependent characteristics and collision-induced dissociation (CID), we confirmed that [nM-2H]2- ions are non-covalently bound multimers whose aggregation has marked distinction between monodesmosidic and bidesmosidic ginsenosides, accounting for the differentiated formation of [nM-2H]2- between them. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchun Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thacker JB, Schug KA. Use of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor for the Determination of Electrospray Response Factors and Its Application to Underivatized Sugars Under Various Solvent Parameters. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:439-447. [PMID: 30560542 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometric (MS) response of an analyte and its concentration has been well studied for permanently charged and basic analytes in the positive ionization mode, but there has been a lack of research effort for other analytes, and for the negative ionization mode, in general. In this study, this relationship was investigated for various adducts and deprotonated species of glucose, sucrose, and raffinose using a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) coupled with ESI-tandem MS to obtain a continuum of response factors across a wide concentration range in both the positive and negative ionization modes with a single injection under 18 different combinations of solvents and additives. Profiles of response factors vs. concentrations varied widely and were dependent upon the analyte and solvent parameters. The use of ammonium trifluoroacetate resulted in the highest response factors for methanol-based and acetonitrile-based solvents in the positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. Ammonium acetate, ammonium formate, and sodium chloride in 80:20 acetonitrile:water in the negative ionization mode resulted in good linearities, useful for quantitative analysis. In the positive ionization mode, response factors tended to increase with an increase in the molecular weight of the analyte, and acetonitrile was generally found to decrease response factors. We have also demonstrated the ability of CSTR-ESI-MS to visualize ionization suppression in the presence of co-analytes. These data should be useful for liquid chromatography-ESI-MS method development for sugar analysis, to help guide the choice of mobile phase that will result in high sensitivity and linearity. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Thacker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Pl., Box 19065, Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, USA
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Pl., Box 19065, Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thacker JB, Schug KA. Effects of solvent parameters on the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry response of glucose. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1191-1198. [PMID: 29729047 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The importance of saccharides, the most abundant biomolecules on Earth, extends beyond their biological roles and to consumer products and industrial processes. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) is an attractive tool for the analysis of underivatized saccharides (US), but they tend to have relatively low sensitivities due to their low surface activities and lack of easily protonable or deprotonable chemical groups. An understanding of the influences that solvent parameters have on their signal intensities would enhance the usefulness of ESI-MS/MS for their analysis. METHODS Solutions of glucose, a model analyte for US, in various combinations of solvent, additive, additive concentration, and pH were analyzed by flow injection analysis ESI-MS/MS in both the positive and negative ionization mode. The blank-corrected signal intensities of the solvent parameter combinations were then compared. RESULTS The addition of acetonitrile led to severe ionization suppression in the positive ionization mode through its competition with glucose for cation adduction. High signal intensity was achieved under wide pH and concentration ranges for methanol: water solutions containing ammonium trifluoroacetate in the positive ionization mode. The highest signal intensities for acetonitrile: water solutions were those containing ammonium formate or lithium fluoride in the negative ionization mode. CONCLUSIONS An understanding of the influence of solvent parameters on the signal intensity of a given analyte is useful for guiding the selection process of mobile phases/flow solvents that lead to low limits of detection or the minimization of matrix effects by allowing its detection at high dilution factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Thacker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhan L, Xie X, Li Y, Liu H, Xiong C, Nie Z. Differentiation and Relative Quantitation of Disaccharide Isomers by MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1525-1530. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingpeng Zhan
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaobo Xie
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li L, McKenna KR, Li Z, Yadav M, Krishnamurthy R, Liotta CL, Fernández FM. Rapid resolution of carbohydrate isomers via multi-site derivatization ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2018; 143:949-955. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01796k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Identifying small sugar isomers can be challenging by ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) alone due to their small collision cross section differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Kristin R. McKenna
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Zhao Li
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Mahipal Yadav
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Charles L. Liotta
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gaiffe G, Bridoux MC, Costanza C, Cole RB. A systematic tandem mass spectrometric study of anion attachment for improved detection and acidity evaluation of nitrogen-rich energetic compounds. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:21-29. [PMID: 28960805 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of rapid, efficient, and reliable detection methods for the characterization of energetic compounds is of high importance to security forces concerned with terrorist threats. With a mass spectrometric approach, characteristic ions can be produced by attaching anions to analyte molecules in the negative ion mode of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Under optimized conditions, formed anionic adducts can be detected with higher sensitivities as compared with the deprotonated molecules. Fundamental aspects pertaining to the formation of anionic adducts of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), nitroglycerin (NG), and 1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazinane energetic (R-salt) compounds using various anions have been systematically studied by ESI-MS and ESI tandem mass spectrometry (collision-induced dissociation) experiments. Bracketing method results show that the gas-phase acidities of PETN, RDX, and HMX fall between those of HF and acetic acid. Moreover, PETN and RDX are each less acidic than HMX in the gas phase. Nitroglycerin was found to be the most acidic among the nitrogen-rich explosives studied. The ensemble of bracketing results allows the construction of the following ranking of gas-phase acidities: PETN (1530-1458 kJ/mol) > RDX (approximately 1458 kJ/mol) > HMX (approximately 1433 kJ/mol) > nitroglycerin (1427-1327.8 kJ/mol).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gaiffe
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Christine Costanza
- Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police, 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Richard B Cole
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Landi N, Pacifico S, Ragucci S, Di Giuseppe AM, Iannuzzi F, Zarrelli A, Piccolella S, Di Maro A. Pioppino mushroom in southern Italy: an undervalued source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:5388-5397. [PMID: 28503801 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agrocybe aegerita (V. Brig.) Singer, commonly known as Pioppino, is a popular edible mushroom, known in the Campania Region (Italy). Despite its habitual consumption, little nutritional and biochemical information is available. Thus, nutritional values, anti-radical properties and chemical composition of the wild Pioppino were compared to those of the cultivated Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach (known as Champignon), equally analysed. RESULTS Macronutrient components (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids), free and protein amino acids and fatty acid content of poplar mushroom were achieved. Total phenol content of a defatted Pioppino alcoholic extract (PM) was determined, whereas DPPH and ABTS methods were applied to determine the radical scavenging capabilities of the extract. Ferricyanide and ORAC-fluorescein methods were also performed. Finally, LC-HRMS was used to identify and quantify the main metabolites in the extract. PM was mainly constituted of disaccharides, hexitol derivatives and malic acid. Coumaric acid isomers and C6 C1 compounds were also detected. CONCLUSION All data revealed that wild Pioppino is an excellent functional food, by far exceeding that of the Champignon. Therefore, these data are useful to promote the consumption of this mushroom encouraging thus its biological cultivation, due to wild availability is strongly compromised by the extensive use of fungicides. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Landi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Sara Ragucci
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonella Ma Di Giuseppe
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Iannuzzi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hertzog J, Carré V, Le Brech Y, Mackay CL, Dufour A, Mašek O, Aubriet F. Combination of electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure photoionization and laser desorption ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotronic resonance mass spectrometry for the investigation of complex mixtures - Application to the petroleomic analysis of bio-oils. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 969:26-34. [PMID: 28411627 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The comprehensive description of complex mixtures such as bio-oils is required to understand and improve the different processes involved during biological, environmental or industrial operation. In this context, we have to consider how different ionization sources can improve a non-targeted approach. Thus, the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI), laser desorption ionization (LDI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) to characterize an oak pyrolysis bio-oil. Close to 90% of the all 4500 compound formulae has been attributed to CxHyOz with similar oxygen class compound distribution. Nevertheless, their relative abundance in respect with their double bound equivalent (DBE) value has evidenced significant differences depending on the ion source used. ESI has allowed compounds with low DBE but more oxygen atoms to be ionized. APPI has demonstrated the efficient ionization of less polar compounds (high DBE values and less oxygen atoms). The LDI behavior of bio-oils has been considered intermediate in terms of DBE and oxygen amounts but it has also been demonstrated that a significant part of the features are specifically detected by this ionization method. Thus, the complementarity of three different ionization sources has been successfully demonstrated for the exhaustive characterization by petroleomic approach of a complex mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Hertzog
- LCP-A2MC, FR 2843 Institut Jean Barriol de Chimie et Physique Moléculaires et Biomoléculaires, FR 3624 Réseau National de Spectrométrie de Masse FT-ICR à très haut champ, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 03, France
| | - Vincent Carré
- LCP-A2MC, FR 2843 Institut Jean Barriol de Chimie et Physique Moléculaires et Biomoléculaires, FR 3624 Réseau National de Spectrométrie de Masse FT-ICR à très haut champ, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 03, France.
| | - Yann Le Brech
- LRGP, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1, Rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Colin Logan Mackay
- SIRCAMS, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Dufour
- LRGP, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1, Rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Center, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Aubriet
- LCP-A2MC, FR 2843 Institut Jean Barriol de Chimie et Physique Moléculaires et Biomoléculaires, FR 3624 Réseau National de Spectrométrie de Masse FT-ICR à très haut champ, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 03, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pearson WL, Contreras C, Powell D, Berden G, Oomens J, Bendiak B, Eyler JR. Differentiation of Rubidiated Methyl-d-Glycoside Stereoisomers by Infrared Multiple-Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy in the O–H and C–H Stretching Regions. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12970-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wright L. Pearson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Cesar Contreras
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - David Powell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brad Bendiak
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Structural Biology
and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - John R. Eyler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tan Y, Polfer NC. Linkage and anomeric differentiation in trisaccharides by sequential fragmentation and variable-wavelength infrared photodissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:359-368. [PMID: 25492690 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates and their derivatives play important roles in biological systems, but their isomeric heterogeneity also presents a considerable challenge for analytical techniques. Here, a stepwise approach using infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) via a tunable CO2 laser (9.2-10.7 μm) was employed to characterize isomeric variants of glucose-based trisaccharides. After the deprotonated trisaccharides were trapped and fragmented to disaccharide C2 fragments in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) cell, a further variable-wavelength infrared irradiation of the C2 ion produced wavelength-dependent dissociation patterns that are represented as heat maps. The photodissociation patterns of these C2 fragments are shown to be strikingly similar to the photodissociation patterns of disaccharides with identical glycosidic bonds. Conversely, the photodissociation patterns of different glycosidic linkages exhibit considerable differences. On the basis of these results, the linkage position and anomericity of glycosidic bonds of disaccharide units in trisaccharides can be systematically differentiated and identified, providing a promising approach to characterize the structures of isomeric oligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanglan Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li H, Bendiak B, Siems WF, Gang DR, Hill HH. Determining the Isomeric Heterogeneity of Neutral Oligosaccharide-Alditols of Bovine Submaxillary Mucin Using Negative Ion Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2228-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503754k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Brad Bendiak
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology, Program in Structural
Biology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - William F. Siems
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - David R. Gang
- Institute of Biological
Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Herbert H. Hill
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zenaidee MA, Donald WA. Extremely supercharged proteins in mass spectrometry: profiling the pH of electrospray generated droplets, narrowing charge state distributions, and increasing ion fragmentation. Analyst 2015; 140:1894-905. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02338b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-performance solutions for supercharging proteins in electrospray ionization were optimized and the origin of the strong dependence of supercharging on acid strength was investigated.
Collapse
|
26
|
Han L, Tan M, Xia M, Kitova EN, Jiang X, Klassen JS. Gangliosides are ligands for human noroviruses. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12631-7. [PMID: 25105447 PMCID: PMC4160279 DOI: 10.1021/ja505272n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Human
noroviruses (NoVs) are known to recognize histo-blood group
antigens (HBGAs) as attachment factors. We report the first experimental
evidence that sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (gangliosides)
are also ligands for human NoVs. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-based
carbohydrate binding measurements performed on assemblies (P dimer,
P particle, and virus-like particle) of recombinant viral capsid proteins
of two NoV strains, VA387 (GII.4) and VA115 (GI.3), identified binding
to the oligosaccharides of mono-, di-, and trisialylated gangliosides.
The intrinsic (per binding site) affinities measured for these ligands
are similar in magnitude (102–103 M–1) to those of human HBGAs. Binding of NoV VLPs, P
particles, and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-P domain fusion proteins
to sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates, observed in enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assays, provided additional confirmation of the NoV–ganglioside
interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Han
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou X, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Hsu CS, Shi Q. Observation of CO2 and solvent adduct ions during negative mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric analysis of monohydric alcohols. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2581-2587. [PMID: 24591018 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Monohydric alcohols are common in natural products, bio-oils, and medicine. We have found that monohydric alcohols can form O3 (ions containing three oxygen atoms) and O4 adduct ions in negative electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), which would significantly affect the composition analysis of alcohols, especially in a complex mixture. It is necessary to study the reaction pathways and the method to eliminate or reduce the 'artifact' adducts. METHODS Octadecanol, cholesterol, squalanol and two complex monohydric alcohol mixtures were selected as model compounds. These samples were subjected to negative ion ESI FT-ICR MS analysis. The composition and formation mechanism of adducts were studied by the ultrahigh-resolution accurate mass measurement for elemental composition, along with the MS(2) isolation and collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments for structural determination. RESULTS The reaction pathway of O3 adduct formation is the coupling of a monohydric alcohol ion with a CO2 to form a stable O3 ionic species by likely a covalent bond (source of CO2 is not clear). The O4 species are formed by O3 ionic species adducted with an alcohol molecule of the solvent, such as methanol or ethanol, by likely a hydrogen bond. These adduct ions could be eliminated or reduced by increasing collision energy. However, excessive collision energy would fragment monohydric alcohol ions. CONCLUSIONS The formation mechanisms of O3 and O4 adducts from monohydric alcohols in negative ion ESI FT-ICR MS were proposed. The solvent adduction effects can be eliminated or reduced by optimizing the collision energy of CID in FT-ICR MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xibin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; College of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kuki Á, Szabó KE, Nagy L, Zsuga M, Kéki S. Rapid identification of disaccharides by tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:1276-1280. [PMID: 24338881 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Kuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Hungary
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Analysis of xyloglucans by ambient chloride attachment ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1203-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
Wan D, Yang H, Yan C, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Differentiation of glucose-containing disaccharides isomers by fragmentation of the deprotonated non-covalent dimers using negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 115:870-5. [PMID: 24054676 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the glucose-containing disaccharide isomers were studied using negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Interestingly, the full-scan mass spectra of the disaccharides revealed that the deprotonated dimers were the predominant gas phase ions during ionization process. Importantly, several diagnostic fragment ions relative to linkage positions and anomeric configurations, arising from the covalent bond dissociation of dimers without breakdown of the non-covalent complexes, can be detected in the tandem mass spectra. Based on the scarce fragmentation characteristic, an original and simple approach for structural discrimination of disaccharide isomers was put forward. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) was employed to find out the reason why several fragmentations of intramolecular sugar bonds had preceded breakdown of the non-covalent complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debin Wan
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ni W, Bones J, Karger BL. In-depth characterization of N-linked oligosaccharides using fluoride-mediated negative ion microfluidic chip LC-MS. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3127-35. [PMID: 23398125 PMCID: PMC3604099 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of N-glycans by liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a microfluidic chip packed with porous graphitized carbon (PGC) represents a rapidly developing area in oligosaccharide analysis. Positive ion ESI-MS generates B/Y-type glycosidic fragment ions under collisional-induced dissociation (CID). Although these ions facilitate glycan sequencing, they provide little information on linkage and positional isomers. Isomer identification in these cases is by retention on the PGC stationary phase where the specific structural isomers can, in principle, be separated. In this paper, we broaden the applicability of the PGC microfluidic chip/MS platform by implementing fluoride-mediated negative ESI-MS. Ammonium fluoride, added to the mobile phase, aids in the formation of pseudomolecular oligosaccharide anions due to the ability of fluoride to abstract a proton from the glycan structure. The negative charge results in the generation of C-type glycosidic fragments, highly informative A-type cross-ring fragment ions, and additional gas-phase ion reaction products (e.g., D- and E-type ions), which, when combined, lead to in-depth oligosaccharide characterization, including linkage and positional isomers. Due to the separation of anomers by the PGC phase, comparison of oligosaccharides with an intact reducing terminus to their experimentally prepared corresponding alditols was performed, revealing a more sensitive MS and, especially, MS/MS analysis from the glycans with a free reducing end. Fluoride also ensured recovery of charged oligosaccharides from the PGC stationary phase. Application to the characterization of N-glycans released from polyclonal human and murine serum IgG is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the chip/negative ESI approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Ni
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Barry L. Karger
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Beletskiy EV, Schmidt J, Wang XB, Kass SR. Three hydrogen bond donor catalysts: oxyanion hole mimics and transition state analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18534-7. [PMID: 23113730 DOI: 10.1021/ja3085862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes and their mimics use hydrogen bonds to catalyze chemical transformations. Small-molecule transition state analogues of oxyanion holes have been characterized by computations, gas-phase IR and photoelectron spectroscopy, and determination of their binding constants in acetonitrile. A new class of hydrogen bond catalysts is proposed (donors that can contribute three hydrogen bonds to a single functional group) and demonstrated in a Friedel-Crafts reaction. The employed catalyst was observed to react 100 times faster than its rotamer that can employ only two hydrogen bonds. The former compound also binds anions more tightly and was found to have a thermodynamic advantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Beletskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nishikaze T, Kaneshiro K, Kawabata SI, Tanaka K. Structural Analysis of N-Glycans by the Glycan-Labeling Method Using 3-Aminoquinoline-Based Liquid Matrix in Negative-Ion MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9453-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikaze
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science
and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kaneshiro
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science
and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Shin-ichirou Kawabata
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science
and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science
and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shokri A, Schmidt J, Wang XB, Kass SR. Characterization of a Saturated and Flexible Aliphatic Polyol Anion Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16944-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3075456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shokri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| | - Jacob Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Steven R. Kass
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rannulu NS, Cole RB. Novel fragmentation pathways of anionic adducts of steroids formed by electrospray anion attachment involving regioselective attachment, regiospecific decompositions, charge-induced pathways, and ion-dipole complex intermediates. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1558-1568. [PMID: 22733166 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of several bifunctional neutral steroids, 5-α-pregnane diol (5-α-pregnane-3α-20βdiol), estradiol (3,17α-dihydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratriene), progesterone (4-pregnene-3,20-dione), lupeol (3β-hydroxy-20(29)-lupene), pregnenolone (5-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one), and pregnenolone acetate (5-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one acetate) was accomplished by negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) employing adduct formation with various anions: fluoride, bicarbonate, acetate, and chloride. Fluoride yielded higher abundances of anionic adducts and more substantial abundances of deprotonated molecules compared with other investigated anions. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of precursor [M + anion](-) adducts of these steroids revealed that fluoride adduct [M + F](-) precursors first lose HF to produce [M - H](-) and then undergo consecutive decompositions to yield higher abundances of structurally-informative product ions than the other tested anions. In addition to charge-remote fragmentations, the majority of CID pathways of estradiol are deduced to occur via charge-induced fragmentation. Most interestingly, certain anions exhibit preferential attachment to a specific site on these bifunctional steroid molecules, which we are calling "regioselective anion attachment." Regioselective anion attachment is evidenced by subsequent regiospecific decomposition. Regioselective attachment of fluoride (and acetate) anions to low (and moderate) acidity functional groups of pregnenolone, respectively, is demonstrated using deuterated compounds. Moreover, the formation of unique intermediate ion-dipole complexes leading to novel fragmentation pathways of fluoride adducts of pregnenolone acetate, and bicarbonate adducts of d(4)-pregnenolone, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nalaka S Rannulu
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang X, Clausen MR, Zhao X, Zheng H, Bertram HC. Enhancing the Power of Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry-Based Urine Metabolomics in Negative Ion Mode by Optimization of the Additive. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7785-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3013835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
| | | | - Xiaolu Zhao
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nishikaze T, Fukuyama Y, Kawabata SI, Tanaka K. Sensitive Analyses of Neutral N-Glycans using Anion-Doped Liquid Matrix G3CA by Negative-Ion Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6097-103. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3009803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikaze
- Koichi Tanaka
Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku,
Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Yuko Fukuyama
- Koichi Tanaka
Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku,
Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Shin-ichirou Kawabata
- Koichi Tanaka
Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku,
Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Koichi Tanaka
Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku,
Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Konda C, Bendiak B, Xia Y. Differentiation of the stereochemistry and anomeric configuration for 1-3 linked disaccharides via tandem mass spectrometry and 18O-labeling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:347-358. [PMID: 22095166 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of deprotonated hexose-containing disaccharides (m/z 341) with 1-2, 1-4, and 1-6 linkages yields product ions at m/z 221, which have been identified as glycosyl-glycolaldehyde anions. From disaccharides with these linkages, CID of m/z 221 ions produces distinct fragmentation patterns that enable the stereochemistries and anomeric configurations of the non-reducing sugar units to be determined. However, only trace quantities of m/z 221 ions can be generated for 1-3 linkages in Paul or linear ion traps, preventing further CID analysis. Here we demonstrate that high intensities of m/z 221 ions can be built up in the linear ion trap (Q3) from beam-type CID of a series of 1-3 linked disaccharides conducted on a triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer. (18)O-labeling at the carbonyl position of the reducing sugar allowed mass-discrimination of the "sidedness" of dissociation events to either side of the glycosidic linkage. Under relatively low energy beam-type CID and ion trap CID, an m/z 223 product ion containing (18)O predominated. It was a structural isomer that fragmented quite differently than the glycosyl-glycolaldehydes and did not provide structural information about the non-reducing sugar. Under higher collision energy beam-type CID conditions, the formation of m/z 221 ions, which have the glycosyl-glycolaldehyde structures, were favored. Characteristic fragmentation patterns were observed for each m/z 221 ion from higher energy beam-type CID of 1-3 linked disaccharides and the stereochemistry of the non-reducing sugar, together with the anomeric configuration, were successfully identified both with and without (18)O-labeling of the reducing sugar carbonyl group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Konda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1393, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu X, Cole RB. A new model for multiply charged adduct formation between peptides and anions in electrospray mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:2125-2136. [PMID: 21997579 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new model has been developed to account for adduct formation on multiply charged peptides observed in negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. To obtain a stable adduct, the model necessitates an approximate matching of apparent gas-phase basicity (GB(app)) of a given proton bearing site on the peptide with the gas-phase basicity (GB) of the anion attaching at that site. Evidence supporting the model is derived from the fact that for [Glu] Fibrinopeptide B, higher GB anions dominated in adducts observed at higher negative charge states, whereas lower GB anions appeared predominately in lower charge state adducts. Singly charged adducts were only observed for lower GB anions: HSO(4)(-), I(-), CF(3)COO(-). Ions that have medium GBs (NO(3) (-), Br(-), H(2)PO(4)(-)) only form adducts having -2 charge states, whereas Cl(-) (higher GB) can form adducts having -3 charge states. The model portends that (1) carboxylate groups are much more basic than available amino groups; (2) apparent GBs of the various carboxylate groups on peptides do not vary substantially from one another; and (3) apparent GBs of the individual carboxylate and amino sites do not behave independently. This model was developed for negative ion attachment but an analogous mechanism is also proposed for the positive ion mode wherein (1) binding of a neutral at an amino site polarizes this amino group, but hardly affects apparent GBs of other sites; (2) proton addition (charge state augmentation) at one site can decrease the instrinsic GBs of other potential protonation sites and lower their apparent GBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhou W, Håkansson K. Structural Characterization of Carbohydrates by Fourier Transform Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CURR PROTEOMICS 2011; 8:297-308. [PMID: 22389641 PMCID: PMC3289259 DOI: 10.2174/157016411798220826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) provides high mass accuracy, high sensitivity, and analytical versatility and has therefore emerged as an indispensable tool for structural elucidation of biomolecules. Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications, occurring in ~50% of proteins. However, due to the structural diversity of carbohydrates, arising from non-template driven biosynthesis, achievement of detailed structural insight is highly challenging. This review briefly discusses carbohydrate sample preparation and ionization methods, and highlights recent developments in alternative high-resolution MS/MS strategies, including infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD), electron capture dissociation (ECD), and electron detachment dissociation (EDD), for carbohydrates with a focus on glycans and proteoglycans from mammalian glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristina Håkansson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Flick TG, Merenbloom SI, Williams ER. Anion effects on sodium ion and acid molecule adduction to protein ions in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:1968-77. [PMID: 21952761 PMCID: PMC3319465 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous protein-metal ion and protein-molecule complexes can be readily formed by electrospray ionization (ESI) from aqueous solutions containing proteins and millimolar concentrations of sodium salts of various anions. The extent of sodium and acid molecule adduction to multiply charged protein ions is inversely related and depends strongly on the proton affinity (PA) of the anion, with extensive sodium adduction occurring for anions with PA values greater than ~300 kcal·mol(-1) and extensive acid molecule adduction occurring for anions with PA values less than 315 kcal·mol(-1). The role of the anion on the extent of sodium and acid molecule adduction does not directly follow the Hofmeister series, suggesting that direct protein-ion interactions may not play a significant role in the observed effect of anions on protein structure in solution. These results indicate that salts with anions that have low PA values may be useful solution-phase additives to minimize nonspecific metal ion adduction in ESI experiments designed to identify specific protein-metal ion interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tawnya G Flick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Latimer Hall #1460, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abdelnur PV, Abe S, Cunha IB, Lima-Pallone JA, Godoy HT, Eberlin MN, Catharino RR. Metabolic fingerprinting of royal jelly: characterization and proof of authenticity. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-837x.2011.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzy Abe
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory; School of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas, UNICAMP; Campinas; Brazil
| | - Ildenize B.S. Cunha
- Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas, UNICAMP; Campinas; Brazil
| | - Juliana A. Lima-Pallone
- Food Analysis Laboratory; Faculty of Food Science; State University of Campinas, UNICAMP; Campinas; Brazil
| | - Helena T. Godoy
- Food Analysis Laboratory; Faculty of Food Science; State University of Campinas, UNICAMP; Campinas; Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas, UNICAMP; Campinas; Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R. Catharino
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory; School of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas, UNICAMP; Campinas; Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu L, Song R, Tian JX, Tian Y, Liu GQ, Zhang ZJ. Analysis of saikosaponins in rat plasma by anionic adducts-based liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:808-15. [PMID: 21993856 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Saikosaponins (SSs) are a class of triterpene saponins with a wide spectrum of bioactivities. A sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of saikosaponin a, saikosaponin c, saikosaponin d and saikosaponin b₂ in rat plasma. Plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction. The analytes and the internal standard (IS) digoxin were well separated on an octadecyl column using gradient elution and analyzed by monitoring the fragmentation transition pair of anionic adducts to deprotonated molecules in negative-mode electrospray. By neutral loss of HCOOH, the transition pairs of m/z 825 → 779 for SSa, SSd, SSb₂ and the IS, and m/z 971 → 925 for SSc were sensitive for MS/MS detection with the lower limits of quantification in the range of 0.20-0.40 ng/mL. Method validation experiments were performed, including selectivity, precision, accuracy, linearity, matrix effect, recovery and stability. The validated method was further applied to determine the pharmacokinetics parameters of SSa, c and d in rats following a single oral administration of the extract of chaihu (the dried roots of Bupleurum chinense DC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kosevich MV, Zobnina VG, Chagovets VV, Boryak OA. Observation of poly(ethylene glycol) clusters with the chlorine anion in the gas phase under electrospray conditions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:713-718. [PMID: 21337632 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated herein that poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) oligomers can form stable complexes with the chlorine anion in the gas phase as evidenced by results from electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and molecular dynamics simulation. While the formation of crown-ether-like structures by acyclic polyethers in their complexes with alkali metal cations coordinated by the ether oxygen atoms has been extensively studied, the possibility of forming 'inversed' quasi-cyclic structures able to bind a monoatomic anion has not been proved till now. We have observed the formation of stable gas-phase complexes of oligomers of PEG-400 with the Cl(-) anion experimentally by ESI-MS for the first time. It is suggested that a necessary precondition for obtaining the polyether-chlorine anion clusters is the prevention of the formation of neutral ion pairs. Molecular dynamics simulation has demonstrated the wrapping of the Cl(-) anion by the PEG chain, to stabilize the PEG(n)•Cl(-) clusters in the gas phase. The conformation of the polyether chain in such quasi-cyclic or quasi-helical complexes is 'inversed' compared with that in the complexes with cations: that is its hydrogen atoms are turned towards the central anion. Awareness of the possibility of the Cl(-) anion being trapped in quasi-cyclic PEG structures may be of practical importance when considering the intermolecular interactions of PEGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Kosevich
- B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cole RB, Rannulu NS. Regioselective anion attachment leading to regiospecific decompositions of bifunctional steroids in negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:558-562. [PMID: 21259365 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
|
47
|
Assignment of the stereochemistry and anomeric configuration of structurally informative product ions derived from disaccharides: infrared photodissociation of glycosyl-glycolaldehydes in the negative ion mode. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2390-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
48
|
Satoh H, Kaga H, Kakuchi T, Satoh T, Takahashi K. Formation of Anhydroglucose in Ionic Liquids by Microwave Heating—Temperature and Chloride Ion Effects—. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
49
|
Wang W, Cole RB. Enhanced Collision-Induced Decomposition Efficiency and Unraveling of Fragmentation Pathways for Anionic Adducts of Brevetoxins in Negative Ion Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8826-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901341c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
| | - Richard B. Cole
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Visnapuu T, Zamfir AD, Mosoarca C, Stanescu MD, Alamäe T. Fully automated chip-based negative mode nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry of fructooligosaccharides produced by heterologously expressed levansucrase from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:1337-1346. [PMID: 19337979 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pathovars possess multiple levansucrases with still unclear specific roles for bacteria. We have cloned and expressed three levansucrase genes, lsc1, lsc2 and lsc3, from P. syringae DC3000 in Escherichia coli. Levansucrases synthesize a high molecular weight fructan polymer, levan, from sucrose and in the case of some levansucrases, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) with potential prebiotic effects are also produced. The ability of purified Lsc3 protein of DC3000 to synthesize FOS was tested using prolonged incubation time and varied concentrations of sugar substrates. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of reaction products disclosed formation of FOS from both sucrose and raffinose, revealing a new catalytic property for P. syringae levansucrases. In order to analyze Lsc3-produced FOS in underivatized form, we optimized a novel method recently introduced in carbohydrate research, based on fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI) high-capacity ion trap mass spectrometry (HCT-MS). Uding chip-based nanoESI MS in negative ion mode, FOS, with degrees of polymerization up to five, were detected in reaction mixtures of Lsc3 with sucrose and raffinose. For confirmation, further structural analysis by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) employing collision-induced dissociation at low energies was performed. To validate the method, commercial inulin-derived FOS preparations Orafti P95 and Orafti Synergy1, which are currently used as prebiotics, were used as controls. By chip-based nanoESI HCT-MS, similar FOS distribution was observed in these reference mixtures. Thereby, the obtained data allowed us to postulate that FOS produced by the Lsc3 protein of P. syringae DC3000 may be prebiotic as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Triinu Visnapuu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|