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Alvarez AM, Trufen CEM, Buri MV, de Sousa MBN, Arruda-Alves FI, Lichtenstein F, Castro de Oliveira U, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IDLM, Teixeira C, Moreira V. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Modulates Expression of Genes Involved in Cytokines and Chemokine Pathways in Proliferative Myoblast Cells. Cells 2024; 13:1161. [PMID: 38995013 PMCID: PMC11240656 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration after injury is a complex process involving inflammatory signaling and myoblast activation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are key mediators, but their effects on gene expression in proliferating myoblasts are unclear. We performed the RNA sequencing of TNF-α treated C2C12 myoblasts to elucidate the signaling pathways and gene networks regulated by TNF-α during myoblast proliferation. The TNF-α (10 ng/mL) treatment of C2C12 cells led to 958 differentially expressed genes compared to the controls. Pathway analysis revealed significant regulation of TNF-α signaling, along with the chemokine and IL-17 pathways. Key upregulated genes included cytokines (e.g., IL-6), chemokines (e.g., CCL7), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). TNF-α increased myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) but decreased MyoD protein levels and stimulated the release of MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-13. TNF-α also upregulates versican and myostatin mRNA. Overall, our study demonstrates the TNF-α modulation of distinct gene expression patterns and signaling pathways that likely contribute to enhanced myoblast proliferation while suppressing premature differentiation after muscle injury. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle regeneration can aid in the development of regeneration-enhancing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela María Alvarez
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
- Reproduction Group, Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, University of Antioquia—UdeA, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Madureira Trufen
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Marcus Vinicius Buri
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
| | - Marcela Bego Nering de Sousa
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Francisco Ivanio Arruda-Alves
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
| | - Flavio Lichtenstein
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
| | - Ursula Castro de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (U.C.d.O.); (I.d.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | | | - Catarina Teixeira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moreira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.M.A.); (C.E.M.T.); (M.V.B.); (F.I.A.-A.); (F.L.)
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil;
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Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Tarnowski M, Kopytko P, Kochanowicz A, Mieszkowski J, Stankiewicz B, Sawczuk M. CCL2 Gene Expression and Protein Level Changes Observed in Response to Wingate Anaerobic Test in High-Trained Athletes and Non-Trained Controls. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9947. [PMID: 36011581 PMCID: PMC9408289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intensive, acute exercise may bring a large systemic inflammatory response marked by substantial increases in inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. One such chemokines-CCL2-is a key factor involved in inflammatory reaction to exercise. The direct aim of the study was to describe the changes in the CCL2 expression levels after anaerobic exercise in well-trained athletes adapted to long-term training and in non-trained participants. The expression of CCL2 mRNA was evaluated in peripheral blood MNCs and CCL2 protein level was observed in blood plasma. The changes were assessed as the response to an acute, intensive bout of exercise (Wingate Anaerobic Test) in two groups of participants: well-trained soccer players and non-trained individuals. An increase of CCL2 expression inn both mRNA and protein levels was observed. The response was greater in non-trained individuals and elevated levels of CCL2 transcripts persisted for more than 24 h after exercise. Well-trained individuals responded more modestly and the effect was attenuated relatively quickly. This shows muscular adaptation to a continuous training regime in well-trained individuals and better control of immune reactions to muscular injury. In non-training individuals, the induction of the inflammatory response was greater, suggesting presence of more serious myotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Maciejewska-Skrendo
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland or
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland or
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland or
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kopytko
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland or
| | - Andrzej Kochanowicz
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland or
| | - Jan Mieszkowski
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland or
| | - Błażej Stankiewicz
- Institute of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-091 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland or
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland or
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3
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Romagnoli C, Brandi ML. Muscle Physiopathology in Parathyroid Hormone Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:764346. [PMID: 34746197 PMCID: PMC8569254 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.764346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone disorders are a group of diseases in which secretion of parathormone (PTH) is impaired. The disorders that result are characterized by signs and symptoms associated with the persistent presence of high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia) related to hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), or reduced blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia) associated with hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT). In addition to the resulting alteration in bone microarchitecture and mass for both pathologies, patients also report problems with skeletal muscle due to a decrease in muscular strength, muscular dysfunction, and myopathies, which can be responsible for an increased risk of instability and fracture. Although the effect of PTH on bone is well established, and numerous studies suggest that PTH has an effect on skeletal muscle, knowledge about cellular e molecular mechanisms of action on skeletal muscle is very limited. Skeletal muscle is a tissue well known for its structural and mechanical actions and is endowed with an extraordinary ability to adapt to physiological changes. Research in skeletal muscle has increased over the last decade, its importance as an endocrine tissue also emerging, becoming itself a target of numerous substances and hormones. Parathyroid hormone disorders represent a starting point to understand whether PTH may have an effect on skeletal muscle. This review analyzes the basic research data reported to date on PTH and skeletal muscle, highlighting the importance of increasing our knowledge in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- F.I.R.M.O. Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Florence, Italy
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4
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Evidence of a Muscle-Brain Axis by Quantification of the Neurotrophic Myokine METRNL (Meteorin-Like Protein) in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153271. [PMID: 34362056 PMCID: PMC8347672 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the quantification of the potentially neurotrophic adipo-myokine METRNL (Meteorin-like protein) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are lacking and migration of this secreted protein across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is uncertain. In the present pilot study, METRNL concentrations were quantified by ELISA in paired serum and CSF samples of 260 patients (107 males, 153 females) undergoing neurological evaluation. METRNL was abundant in serum (801.2 ± 378.3 pg/mL) and CSF (1007.2 ± 624.2 pg/mL) with a CSF/serum ratio of 1.4 ± 0.8. Serum METRNL levels were significantly correlated (rho = +0.521) to those in CSF. CSF METRNL concentrations were significantly correlated (rho = +0.480) with albumin CSF/serum ratios. The CSF/serum ratios of METRNL and albumin were positively correlated in Reibergram analysis (rho = 0.498), indicating that raising CSF concentrations of METRNL are mediated by increasing BBB dysfunction. The CSF concentrations of METRNL strongly increased in a stepwise manner along with increasing BBB dysfunction from grade 0 to grade 3 and with rising CSF cell count. CSF/serum ratio of METRNL also increased from grade 0 (1.2 ± 0.7) to grade 3 (3.0 ± 0.2). Furthermore, CSF levels were positively correlated with age. In conclusion, METRNL is a secreted and neurotrophic myokine that crosses over the BBB. CSF concentrations of METRNL increase with BBB dysfunction.
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5
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Homer-Bouthiette C, Xiao L, Hurley MM. Gait disturbances and muscle dysfunction in fibroblast growth factor 2 knockout mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11005. [PMID: 34040128 PMCID: PMC8154953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is important in musculoskeletal homeostasis, therefore the impact of reduction or Fgf2 knockout on skeletal muscle function and phenotype was determined. Gait analysis as well as muscle strength testing in young and old WT and Fgf2KO demonstrated age-related gait disturbances and reduction in muscle strength that were exacerbated in the KO condition. Fgf2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in skeletal muscle of old WT compared with young WT. Muscle fiber cross-sectional area was significantly reduced with increased fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrates in old WT and Fgf2KO vs. young WT. Inflammatory cells were further significantly increased in old Fgf2KO compared with old WT. Lipid-related genes and intramuscular fat was increased in old WT and old Fgf2KO with a further increase in fibro-adipocytes in old Fgf2KO compared with old WT. Impaired FGF signaling including Increased β-Klotho, Fgf21 mRNA, FGF21 protein, phosphorylated FGF receptors 1 and 3, was observed in old WT and old Fgf2KO. MAPK/ ERK1/2 was significantly increased in young and old Fgf2KO. We conclude that Fgf2KO, age-related decreased FGF2 in WT mice, and increased FGF21 in the setting of impaired Fgf2 expression likely contribute to impaired skeletal muscle function and sarcopenia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Homer-Bouthiette
- Yale Internal Medicine Residency Program, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - L Xiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Marja M Hurley
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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6
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Badakhshi Y, Jin T. Current understanding and controversies on the clinical implications of fibroblast growth factor 21. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:311-328. [PMID: 33382006 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1864278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic functions of the hepatic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) have been recognized for more than a decade in studying the responses of human subjects and rodent models to nutritional stresses such as fasting, high-fat diet or ketogenic diet consumption, and ethanol intake. Our interest in the beneficial metabolic effects of FGF21 has risen due to its potential ability to serve as a therapeutic agent for various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver diseases, as well as its potential to act as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for metabolic and other disorders. Here, we briefly review the FGF21 gene and protein structures, its expression pattern, and cellular signaling cascades that mediate FGF21 production and function. We mainly focus on discussing experimental and clinical literature pertaining to FGF21 as a therapeutic agent. Furthermore, we present several lines of investigation, including a few studies conducted by our team, suggesting that FGF21 expression and function can be regulated by dietary polyphenol interventions. Finally, we discuss the literature debating FGF21 as a potential biomarker in various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Badakhshi
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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7
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IL-1β and TNF-α Modulation of Proliferated and Committed Myoblasts: IL-6 and COX-2-Derived Prostaglandins as Key Actors in the Mechanisms Involved. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092005. [PMID: 32882817 PMCID: PMC7564831 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α on the proliferation and commitment phases of myoblast differentiation. C2C12 mouse myoblast cells were cultured to reach a proliferated or committed status and were incubated with these cytokines for the evaluation of cell proliferation, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression, release of prostaglandins (PGs) and myokines, and activation of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). We found that inhibition of the IL-6 receptor reduced IL-1β- and TNF-α-induced cell proliferation, and that the IL-1β effect also involved COX-2-derived PGs. Both cytokines modulated the release of the myokines myostatin, irisin, osteonectin, and IL-15. TNF-α and IL-6 reduced the activity of Pax7 in proliferated cells and reduced MyoD and myogenin activity at both proliferative and commitment stages. Otherwise, IL-1β increased myogenin activity only in committed cells. Our data reveal a key role of IL-6 and COX-2-derived PGs in IL-1β and TNF-α-induced myoblast proliferation and support the link between TNF-α and IL-6 and the activation of MRFs. We concluded that IL-1β and TNF-α induce similar effects at the initial stages of muscle regeneration but found critical differences between their effects with the progression of the process, bringing new insights into inflammatory signalling in skeletal muscle regeneration.
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8
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Le Gall L, Ouandaogo ZG, Anakor E, Connolly O, Butler Browne G, Laine J, Duddy W, Duguez S. Optimized method for extraction of exosomes from human primary muscle cells. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:20. [PMID: 32641118 PMCID: PMC7341622 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is increasingly considered an endocrine organ secreting myokines and extracellular vesicles (exosomes and microvesicles), which can affect physiological changes with an impact on different pathological conditions, including regenerative processes, aging, and myopathies. Primary human myoblasts are an essential tool to study the muscle vesicle secretome. Since their differentiation in conditioned media does not induce any signs of cell death or cell stress, artefactual effects from those processes are unlikely. However, adult human primary myoblasts senesce in long-term tissue culture, so a major technical challenge is posed by the need to avoid artefactual effects resulting from pre-senescent changes. Since these cells should be studied within a strictly controlled pre-senescent division count (<21 divisions), and yields of myoblasts per muscle biopsy are low, it is difficult or impossible to amplify sufficiently large cell numbers (some 250 × 106 myoblasts) to obtain sufficient conditioned medium for the standard ultracentrifugation approach to exosome isolation. Thus, an optimized strategy to extract and study secretory muscle vesicles is needed. In this study, conditions are optimized for the in vitro cultivation of human myoblasts, and the quality and yield of exosomes extracted using an ultracentrifugation protocol are compared with a modified polymer-based precipitation strategy combined with extra washing steps. Both vesicle extraction methods successfully enriched exosomes, as vesicles were positive for CD63, CD82, CD81, floated at identical density (1.15-1.27 g.ml−1), and exhibited similar size and cup-shape using electron microscopy and NanoSight tracking. However, the modified polymer-based precipitation was a more efficient strategy to extract exosomes, allowing their extraction in sufficient quantities to explore their content or to isolate a specific subpopulation, while requiring >30 times fewer differentiated myoblasts than what is required for the ultracentrifugation method. In addition, exosomes could still be integrated into recipient cells such as human myotubes or iPSC-derived motor neurons. Modified polymer-based precipitation combined with extra washing steps optimizes exosome yield from a lower number of differentiated myoblasts and less conditioned medium, avoiding senescence and allowing the execution of multiple experiments without exhausting the proliferative capacity of the myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Le Gall
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, UK
| | | | - Ekene Anakor
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, UK
| | - Owen Connolly
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, UK
| | | | - Jeanne Laine
- Centre for Research in Myology, INSERM UMRS_974, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - William Duddy
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, UK
| | - Stephanie Duguez
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified/Personalised Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, UK.
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9
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Romagnoli C, Zonefrati R, Sharma P, Innocenti M, Cianferotti L, Brandi ML. Characterization of Skeletal Muscle Endocrine Control in an In Vitro Model of Myogenesis. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:18-30. [PMID: 32107602 PMCID: PMC7271047 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has remarkable regenerative abilities regulated by a highly orchestrated process involving the activation of cellular and molecular responses, which are dependent on satellite cells. These cells maintain the stem cell population and provide numerous myogenic cells that proliferate, differentiate, fuse and lead to new myofiber formation for a functional contractile tissue. We have isolated and characterized satellite cells obtained from human biopsies and established an in vitro model of myogenesis, evaluating muscle regeneration, monitoring the dynamic increases of the specific myogenic regulatory factors and the final formation of multinucleated myofibers. As the skeletal muscle is an endocrine tissue able of producing many substances that can act on distant organs, and it can be physiologically modulated by a variety of hormones, we embarked in a project of characterization of muscle cell endocrinology machinery. The expression of a large array of hormone receptors was quantified during the process of myogenesis. The results obtained showed a significant and generalized increase of all the tested hormone receptors along the process of differentiation of human cultured cells from myoblasts to myocytes. Interestingly, also the production of the myokine irisin increased in a parallel manner. These findings point to the human cultured myoblasts as an ideal model to characterize the skeletal muscle endocrine machinery and its hormonal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Zonefrati
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Preeti Sharma
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Innocenti
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Luisella Cianferotti
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Abstract
FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) is a regulator of metabolism and performs an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism and the maintenance of energy balance. FGF21 is principally expressed in the liver, but it can also be found in the pancreas, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. It is known that levels of serum FGF21 are significantly elevated in obese, insulin-resistant patients, and those with metabolic syndrome. Elevated levels of FGF21 in serum during the early stages of various metabolic diseases are considered a compensatory response by the organism. Therefore, FGF21 is considered a hormone in response to stress and an early diagnostic marker of disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a special type of cardiac complication, characterized as a chronic myocardial disorder caused by diabetes. The pathological process includes increased oxidative stress, energy metabolism in myocardial cells, an inflammatory response, and myocardial cell apoptosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that FGF21 has the potential to be an effective drug for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here, we review recent progress on the characteristics of FGF21 in its protective role, especially in pathological processes such as suppressing apoptosis in the myocardium, reducing inflammation in cardiomyocytes, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting fatty acid oxidation. In addition, we explore the possibility that diabetic cardiomyopathy can be delayed through the application of FGF21, providing possible therapeutic targets of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongfeng Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjuan Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yi
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yarong Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Central Laboratory, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Division of Metabolic Syndrome, Department of Geriatrics, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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11
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Florin A, Lambert C, Sanchez C, Zappia J, Durieux N, Tieppo AM, Mobasheri A, Henrotin Y. The secretome of skeletal muscle cells: A systematic review. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2019.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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12
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Norman JE, Rutkowsky J, Bodine S, Rutledge JC. The Potential Mechanisms of Exercise-induced Cognitive Protection: A Literature Review. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:1827-1831. [PMID: 29623829 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180406105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dementia has become a major health concern for the aging population of the United States. Studies indicate that participation in moderate exercise, with training, has been shown to have a beneficial impact on cognition. Thus, exercise and its effects on cognitive function has become an important area of research. This review summarizes the current literature on the potential mechanisms of the benefits of exercise for cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Norman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sue Bodine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - John C Rutledge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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Song P, Kwon Y, Joo JY, Kim DG, Yoon JH. Secretomics to Discover Regulators in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163893. [PMID: 31405033 PMCID: PMC6720857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory proteins play important roles in the cross-talk of individual functional units, including cells. Since secretory proteins are essential for signal transduction, they are closely related with disease development, including metabolic and neural diseases. In metabolic diseases, adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines are secreted from respective organs under specific environmental conditions, and play roles in glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In neural diseases, astrocytes and microglia cells secrete cytokines and chemokines that play roles in neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses. Mass spectrometry-based secretome profiling is a powerful strategy to identify and characterize secretory proteins. This strategy involves stepwise processes such as the collection of conditioned medium (CM) containing secretome proteins and concentration of the CM, peptide preparation, mass analysis, database search, and filtering of secretory proteins; each step requires certain conditions to obtain reliable results. Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles has become a new research focus for understanding the additional extracellular functions of intracellular proteins. Here, we provide a review of the insights obtained from secretome analyses with regard to disease mechanisms, and highlight the future prospects of this technology. Continued research in this field is expected to provide valuable information on cell-to-cell communication and uncover new pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parkyong Song
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea.
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Ortega MA, Fernández-Garibay X, Castaño AG, De Chiara F, Hernández-Albors A, Balaguer-Trias J, Ramón-Azcón J. Muscle-on-a-chip with an on-site multiplexed biosensing system for in situ monitoring of secreted IL-6 and TNF-α. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2568-2580. [PMID: 31243422 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00285e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of organs-on-a-chip that have been developed in the past decade, limited efforts have been made to integrate a sensing system for in situ continual measurements of biomarkers from three-dimensional (3D) tissues. Here, we present a custom-made integrated platform for muscle cell stimulation under fluidic conditions connected with a multiplexed high-sensitivity electrochemical sensing system for in situ monitoring. To demonstrate this, we use our system to measure the release levels and release time of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in vitro by 3D muscle microtissue under electrical and biological stimulations. Our experimental design has enabled us to perform multiple time point measurements using functionalized screen-printed gold electrodes with sensitivity in the ng mL-1 range. This affordable setup is uniquely suited for monitoring factors released by 3D single cell types upon external stimulation for metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Ortega
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac, 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xiomara Fernández-Garibay
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac, 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert G Castaño
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac, 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesco De Chiara
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac, 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Albors
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac, 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordina Balaguer-Trias
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac, 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Ramón-Azcón
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac, 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Romagnoli C, Pampaloni B, Brandi ML. Muscle endocrinology and its relation with nutrition. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:783-792. [PMID: 30977083 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have demonstrated clear evidence that skeletal muscle is an active endocrine organ. During contraction of muscle fibers, the skeletal muscle produces and releases, into the blood stream, cytokines and other peptides, called myokines, thanks to which it can both communicate with cells locally within the muscle, in an autocrine and paracrine fashion, or with other distant tissues, exerting its endocrine effects. With the progress of sophisticated technologies, the interest towards the skeletal muscle secretome is rapidly grown and the discovery of new myokines represents a prolific field for the identification of new pharmacological approaches for the management and treatment of many clinical diseases. Considering the importance of the muscle proteome and the cross-talk with other organs, the preservation of a skeletal muscle in good health represents a fundamental aspect in life, especially in ageing. Sarcopenia is the age-dependent loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, bringing to increases of the risk of adverse outcomes, such as physical disability and poor quality of life, as well as alteration of several hormonal networks. For that reasons, the scientific community has risen its interest to find new interventions to prevent and manage the sarcopenia. Adequate nutrition during ages plays a fundamental role in the health and function of the skeletal muscle and it can represents, alone or in combination with physical exercise, a possible preventive measure against sarcopenia. This review will overview the endocrinology of the skeletal muscle, making a focus on food intake as a strategy for preventing skeletal muscle decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Pampaloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy.
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16
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Kabak B, Belviranli M, Okudan N. Irisin and myostatin responses to acute high-intensity interval exercise in humans. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 35:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0008/hmbci-2018-0008.xml. [PMID: 29558345 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate irisin and myostatin responses to acute high-intensity interval exercise. Materials and methods Ten male professional kick-boxers aged between 18 and 24 years and 10 sedentary males with similar age and body weight participated in the present study. Participants performed 4 × 30-s Wingate test separated with 4 min of rest. Blood samples were taken immediately before and after exercise, and 3 and 6 h of recovery. Results and conclusion At rest, irisin levels were higher in the kick-boxers (p < 0.05). Immediately after the exercise, irisin levels were decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). A trend toward a return to baseline appeared after 3 h of recovery in the kick-boxers (p < 0.05). At rest, myostatin concentrations were not different between the groups (p > 0.05). Immediately after the exercise, myostatin levels were increased in both groups (p < 0.05). A trend toward a return to baseline appeared after 3 h of recovery in the kick-boxers (p < 0.05). Acute high-intensity interval exercise decreased irisin levels and increased myostatin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Kabak
- Turkish Republic Ministry of Youth and Sports, Department of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muaz Belviranli
- Selçuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Division of Sports Physiology, Konya, Turkey, Phone: +90 332 224 47 31, Fax: +90 332 224 48 08
| | - Nilsel Okudan
- Selçuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Division of Sports Physiology, Konya, Turkey
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17
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Suidasari S, Uragami S, Yanaka N, Kato N. Dietary vitamin B6 modulates the gene expression of myokines, Nrf2-related factors, myogenin and HSP60 in the skeletal muscle of rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3239-3246. [PMID: 28912874 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that vitamin B6 is an ergogenic factor. However, the role of dietary vitamin B6 in skeletal muscle has not been widely researched. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin B6 on the gene expression of 19 myokines, 14 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated factors, 8 myogenesis-related factors and 4 heat shock proteins (HSPs), which may serve important roles in skeletal muscles. Rats were fed a diet containing 1 (marginal vitamin B6 deficiency), 7 (recommended dietary level) or 35 mg/kg of pyridoxine (PN) HCl/ for 6 weeks. Gene expressions were subsequently analysed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Food intake and growth were unaffected by this dietary treatment. The rats in the 7 and 35 mg/kg PN HCl groups exhibited a significant increase in the concentration of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the gastrocnemius muscle compared with the 1 mg/kg PN HCl diet (P<0.01). The expressions of myokines, such as IL-7, IL-8, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, IL-6, growth differentiation factor 11, myonectin, leukaemia inhibitory factor, apelin and retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 1, the expression of Nrf2 and its regulated factors, such as heme oxygenase 1, superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase 1 and glutathione S-transferase, and the expression of myogenin and HSP60 were significantly elevated in the 7 mg/kg PN HCl group compared with the 1 mg/kg PN HCl diet (P<0.05). No significant differences in levels of these genes were observed between the 35 and 1 mg/kg PN HCl, with the exception of GDF11 and myonectin, whose expressions were significantly increased in the 35 mg/kg PN HCl (P<0.05). Notably, the majority of gene expressions that were affected responded to dietary supplemental vitamin B6 in a similar manner. The results suggest that compared with the marginal vitamin B6 deficiency, the recommended dietary intake of vitamin B6 upregulates the gene expression of a number of factors that promote the growth and repair of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Suidasari
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Shinji Uragami
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article updates on the concept that muscle-derived cytokines (myokines) play important roles in muscle health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is released from normal skeletal muscle in response to exercise, mediating both anti-inflammatory responses and metabolic adaptations, actions contradictory to the prevailing view that IL-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is inducing and propagating disease. The anti-inflammatory effects of IL-6 result from its trans-membrane signalling capability, via membrane-bound receptors, whereas its proinflammatory effects result instead from signalling via the soluble IL-6 receptor and gp130. IL-15 is elevated following exercise, promoting muscle fibre hypertrophy in some circumstances, while inducing fibre apoptosis in others. This functional divergence appears because of variations in expression of IL-15 receptor isoforms. Decorin, a recently described myokine, is also elevated following exercise in normal muscle, and promotes muscle fibre hypertrophy by competitively binding to, and thus inhibiting, myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle protein synthesis. Exercise-induced myostatin downregulation thus promotes muscle fibre growth, prompting recent trials of a biological myostatin inhibitor in inclusion body myositis. SUMMARY Myokines appear to exert diverse beneficial effects, though their mechanistic roles in myositis and other myopathologies remain poorly understood.
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19
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Gómez-Sámano MÁ, Grajales-Gómez M, Zuarth-Vázquez JM, Navarro-Flores MF, Martínez-Saavedra M, Juárez-León ÓA, Morales-García MG, Enríquez-Estrada VM, Gómez-Pérez FJ, Cuevas-Ramos D. Fibroblast growth factor 21 and its novel association with oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2017; 11:335-341. [PMID: 28039838 PMCID: PMC5200873 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine-member of the FGF family. It is synthesized mainly in the liver, but it is also expressed in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and many other organs. It has a key role in glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as in energy balance. FGF21 concentration in plasma is increased in patients with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Recent findings suggest that such increment protects tissue from an increased oxidative stress environment. Different types of physical stress, such as strenuous exercising, lactation, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and critical illnesses, also increase FGF21 circulating concentration. FGF21 is now considered a stress-responsive hormone in humans. The discovery of an essential response element in the FGF21 gene, for the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), involved in the regulation of oxidative stress, and its relation with genes such as NRF2, TBP-2, UCP3, SOD2, ERK, and p38, places FGF21 as a key regulator of the oxidative stress cell response. Its role in chronic diseases and its involvement in the treatment and follow-up of these diseases has been recently the target of new studies. The diminished oxidative stress through FGF21 pathways observed with anti-diabetic therapy is another clue of the new insights of this hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Gómez-Sámano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mariana Grajales-Gómez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Julia María Zuarth-Vázquez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ma Fernanda Navarro-Flores
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mayela Martínez-Saavedra
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Óscar Alfredo Juárez-León
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mariana G Morales-García
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Manuel Enríquez-Estrada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Francisco J Gómez-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Cuevas-Ramos
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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20
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Ost M, Coleman V, Kasch J, Klaus S. Regulation of myokine expression: Role of exercise and cellular stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:78-89. [PMID: 26898145 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training is well known to improve physical fitness and to combat chronic diseases and aging related disorders. Part of this is thought to be mediated by myokines, muscle derived secretory proteins (mainly cytokines) that elicit auto/paracrine but also endocrine effects on organs such as liver, adipose tissue, and bone. Today, several hundred potential myokines have been identified most of them not exclusive to muscle cells. Strenuous exercise is associated with increased production of free radicals and reactive oxidant species (ROS) as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress which at an excessive level can lead to muscle damage and cell death. On the other hand, transient elevations in oxidative and ER-stress are thought to be necessary for adaptive improvements by regular exercise through a hormesis action termed mitohormesis since mitochondria are essential for the generation of energy and tightly connected to ER- and oxidative stress. Exercise induced myokines have been identified by various in vivo and in vitro approaches and accumulating evidence suggests that ROS and ER-stress linked pathways are involved in myokine induction. For example, interleukin (IL)-6, the prototypic exercise myokine is also induced by oxidative and ER-stress. Exercise induced expression of some myokines such as irisin and meteorin-like is linked to the transcription factor PGC-1α and apparently not related to ER-stress whereas typical ER-stress induced cytokines such as FGF-21 and GDF-15 are not exercise myokines under normal physiological conditions. Recent technological advances have led to the identification of numerous potential new myokines but for most of them regulation by oxidative and ER-stress still needs to be unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ost
- Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Verena Coleman
- Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Juliane Kasch
- Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
Sarcopenia is now clinically defined as a loss of muscle mass coupled with functional deterioration (either walking speed or distance or grip strength). Based on the FRAX studies suggesting that the questions without bone mineral density can be used to screen for osteoporosis, there is now a valid simple questionnaire to screen for sarcopenia, i.e., the SARC-F. Numerous factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of sarcopenia. These include genetic factors, mitochondrial defects, decreased anabolic hormones (e.g., testosterone, vitamin D, growth hormone and insulin growth hormone-1), inflammatory cytokine excess, insulin resistance, decreased protein intake and activity, poor blood flow to muscle and deficiency of growth derived factor-11. Over the last decade, there has been a remarkable increase in our understanding of the molecular biology of muscle, resulting in a marked increase in potential future targets for the treatment of sarcopenia. At present, resistance exercise, protein supplementation, and vitamin D have been established as the basic treatment of sarcopenia. High-dose testosterone increases muscle power and function, but has a number of potentially limiting side effects. Other drugs in clinical development include selective androgen receptor molecules, ghrelin agonists, myostatin antibodies, activin IIR antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta antagonists, and fast skeletal muscle troponin activators. As sarcopenia is a major predictor of frailty, hip fracture, disability, and mortality in older persons, the development of drugs to treat it is eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., M238, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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22
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Ramazzotti G, Bavelloni A, Blalock W, Piazzi M, Cocco L, Faenza I. BMP-2 Induced Expression of PLCβ1 That is a Positive Regulator of Osteoblast Differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26217938 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a critical growth factor that directs osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Phosphoinositide-phospholipase Cβ 1 (PLCβ1) plays a crucial role in the initiation of the genetic program responsible for muscle differentiation. Differentiation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts in response to insulin stimulation is characterized by a marked increase in nuclear PLCβ1. Here, the function of PLCβ1 in the osteogenic differentiation was investigated. Briefly, in C2C12 cells treated with BMP-2 we assist to a remarkable increase in PLCβ1 protein and mRNA expression. The data regarding the influence on differentiation demonstrated that PLCβ1 promotes osteogenic differentiation by up-regulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, PLCβ1 is present in the nuclear compartment of these cells and overexpression of a cytosolic-PLCβ1mutant (cyt-PLCβ1), which lacks a nuclear localization sequence, prevented the differentiation of C2C12 cells into osteocytes. Recent evidence indicates that miRNAs act as important post transcriptional regulators in a large number of processes, including osteoblast differentiation. Since miR-214 is a regulator of Osterix (Osx) which is an osteoblast-specific transcription factor that is needful for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, we further investigated whether PLCβ1 could be a potential target of miR-214 in the control of osteogenic differentiation by gain- and loss- of function experiment. The results indicated that inhibition of miR-214 in C2C12 cells significantly enhances the protein level of PLCβ1 and promotes C2C12 BMP-2-induced osteogenesis by targeting PLCβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - William Blalock
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Piazzi
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Zsuga J, Tajti G, Papp C, Juhasz B, Gesztelyi R. FNDC5/irisin, a molecular target for boosting reward-related learning and motivation. Med Hypotheses 2016; 90:23-8. [PMID: 27063080 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interventions focusing on the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases are on rise. In the current article, we propose that dysfunction of the mesocortico-limbic reward system contributes to the emergence of the WHO-identified risk behaviors (tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol), behaviors that underlie the evolution of major non-communicable diseases (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases). Given that dopaminergic neurons of the mesocortico-limbic system are tightly associated with reward-related processes and motivation, their dysfunction may fundamentally influence behavior. While nicotine and alcohol alter dopamine neuron function by influencing some receptors, mesocortico-limbic system dysfunction was associated with elevation of metabolic set-point leading to hedonic over-eating. Although there is some empirical evidence, precise molecular mechanism for linking physical inactivity and mesocortico-limbic dysfunction per se seems to be missing; identification of which may contribute to higher success rates for interventions targeting lifestyle changes pertaining to physical activity. In the current article, we compile evidence in support of a link between exercise and the mesocortico-limbic system by elucidating interactions on the axis of muscle - irisin - brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - and dopaminergic function of the midbrain. Irisin is a contraction-regulated myokine formed primarily in skeletal muscle but also in the brain. Irisin stirred considerable interest, when its ability to induce browning of white adipose tissue parallel to increasing thermogenesis was discovered. Furthermore, it may also play a role in the regulation of behavior given it readily enters the central nervous system, where it induces BDNF expression in several brain areas linked to reward processing, e.g. the ventral tegmental area and the hippocampus. BDNF is a neurotropic factor that increases neuronal dopamine content, modulates dopamine release relevant for neuronal plasticity and increased neuronal survival as well as learning and memory. Further linking BDNF to dopaminergic function is BDNF's ability to activate tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor that shares signalization with presynaptic dopamine-3 receptors in the ventral tegmental area. Summarizing, we propose that the skeletal muscle derived irisin may be the link between physical activity and reward-related processes and motivation. Moreover alteration of this axis may contribute to sedentary lifestyle and subsequent non-communicable diseases. Preclinical and clinical experimental models to test this hypothesis are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Zsuga
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gabor Tajti
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Papp
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bela Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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24
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Castiello FR, Heileman K, Tabrizian M. Microfluidic perfusion systems for secretion fingerprint analysis of pancreatic islets: applications, challenges and opportunities. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:409-31. [PMID: 26732665 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A secretome signature is a heterogeneous profile of secretions present in a single cell type. From the secretome signature a smaller panel of proteins, namely a secretion fingerprint, can be chosen to feasibly monitor specific cellular activity. Based on a thorough appraisal of the literature, this review explores the possibility of defining and using a secretion fingerprint to gauge the functionality of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. It covers the state of the art regarding microfluidic perfusion systems used in pancreatic islet research. Candidate analytical tools to be integrated within microfluidic perfusion systems for dynamic secretory fingerprint monitoring were identified. These analytical tools include patch clamp, amperometry/voltametry, impedance spectroscopy, field effect transistors and surface plasmon resonance. Coupled with these tools, microfluidic devices can ultimately find applications in determining islet quality for transplantation, islet regeneration and drug screening of therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rafael Castiello
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Khalil Heileman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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Yoon JH, Kim D, Jang JH, Ghim J, Park S, Song P, Kwon Y, Kim J, Hwang D, Bae YS, Suh PG, Berggren PO, Ryu SH. Proteomic analysis of the palmitate-induced myotube secretome reveals involvement of the annexin A1-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) pathway in insulin resistance. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:882-92. [PMID: 25616869 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.039651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of the free fatty acid palmitate are found in the plasma of obese patients and induce insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines as extracellular signaling mediators in response to pathophysiological conditions. Here, we identified and characterized the skeletal muscle secretome in response to palmitate-induced insulin resistance. Using a quantitative proteomic approach, we identified 36 secretory proteins modulated by palmitate-induced insulin resistance. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that palmitate-induced insulin resistance induced cellular stress and modulated secretory events. We found that the decrease in the level of annexin A1, a secretory protein, depended on palmitate, and that annexin A1 and its receptor, formyl peptide receptor 2 agonist, played a protective role in the palmitate-induced insulin resistance of L6 myotubes through PKC-θ modulation. In mice fed with a high-fat diet, treatment with the formyl peptide receptor 2 agonist improved systemic insulin sensitivity. Thus, we identified myokine candidates modulated by palmitate-induced insulin resistance and found that the annexin A1- formyl peptide receptor 2 pathway mediated the insulin resistance of skeletal muscle, as well as systemic insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dayea Kim
- From the ‡Department of Life Sciences
| | - Jin-Hyeok Jang
- §School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaeyoon Kim
- ‖The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Daehee Hwang
- §School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, ¶Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea, ‖‖Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science and Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- **Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea, ‡‡Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- §§School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- ‖The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
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26
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Fujita H, Esaki T, Masujima T, Hotta A, Kim SH, Noji H, Watanabe TM. Comprehensive chemical secretory measurement of single cells trapped in a micro-droplet array with mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By trapping individual single cells in a micro-well, molecules secreted by a single cell can be analyzed using mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujita
- Immunology Frontier Research Center
- Osaka University
- Suita-shi
- Japan
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging
| | - Tsuyoshi Esaki
- Laboratory for single cell mass spectrometry
- Quantitative Biology Center
- RIKEN
- Suita-shi
- Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masujima
- Laboratory for single cell mass spectrometry
- Quantitative Biology Center
- RIKEN
- Suita-shi
- Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Centar for iPS Cell Research and Application
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku
- Japan
- PRESTO
| | - Soo Hyeon Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8654
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noji
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8654
- Japan
| | - Tomonobu M. Watanabe
- Immunology Frontier Research Center
- Osaka University
- Suita-shi
- Japan
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging
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27
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Li F, Li Y, Tang Y, Lin B, Kong X, Oladele OA, Yin Y. Protective effect of myokine IL-15 against H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7715-22. [PMID: 25103021 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress may cause cellular injury. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is one of the skeletal muscle secreted myokines, and there is no information that reported its anti-oxidative capability in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study therefore is to investigate the protective effects of myokine IL-15 against H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts. The results showed that IL-15 pre-incubation reduced the intracellular creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, decreased the ROS overload, and protect the mitochondrial network via up-regulated mRNA expression levels of IL-15 and uncoupling protein 3. It also down-regulated the levels of IL-6 and p21 of the myoblasts compared to the cells treated only with H2O2. Meanwhile, apurinic/aprimidinic endonuclease 1 expression and the Akt signaling pathway were stimulated. These effects could contribute to the resumption of cell viability and act as protective mechanism. In conclusion, myokine IL-15 could be a novel endogenous regulator to control intracellular ROS production and attenuate oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengna Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China,
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28
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Catoire M, Mensink M, Kalkhoven E, Schrauwen P, Kersten S. Identification of human exercise-induced myokines using secretome analysis. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:256-67. [PMID: 24520153 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00174.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise is associated with significant improvements in cardio-metabolic risk parameters. A role for myokines has been hypothesized, yet limited information is available about myokines induced by acute endurance exercise in humans. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify novel exercise-induced myokines in humans. To this end, we carried out a 1 h one-legged acute endurance exercise intervention in 12 male subjects and a 12 wk exercise training intervention in 18 male subjects. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after acute exercise or exercise training and were subjected to microarray-based analysis of secreted proteins (secretome). For acute exercise, secretome analysis resulted in a list of 86 putative myokines, which was reduced to 29 by applying a fold-change cut-off of 1.5. Based on that shortlist, a selection of putative myokines was measured in the plasma by ELISA or multiplex assay. From that selection, CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CCL2 (MCP-1) increased at both mRNA and plasma levels. From the known myokines, only IL-6 and FGF 21 changed at the mRNA level, whereas none of the known myokines changed at the plasma level. Secretome analysis of exercise training intervention resulted in a list of 69 putative myokines. Comparing putative myokines altered by acute exercise and exercise training revealed a limited overlap of only 13 genes. In conclusion, this study identified CX3CL1 and CCL2 as myokines that were induced by acute exercise at the gene expression and plasma level and that may be involved in communication between skeletal muscle and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milène Catoire
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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29
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Holland A, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of the contractile apparatus from skeletal muscle. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:239-57. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.13.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Hartwig S, Raschke S, Knebel B, Scheler M, Irmler M, Passlack W, Muller S, Hanisch FG, Franz T, Li X, Dicken HD, Eckardt K, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Weigert C, Häring HU, Al-Hasani H, Ouwens DM, Eckel J, Kotzka J, Lehr S. Secretome profiling of primary human skeletal muscle cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1844:1011-7. [PMID: 23994228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a metabolically active tissue that secretes various proteins. These so-called myokines have been proposed to affect muscle physiology and to exert systemic effects on other tissues and organs. Yet, changes in the secretory profile may participate in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. The present study aimed at characterizing the secretome of differentiated primary human skeletal muscle cells (hSkMC) derived from healthy, adult donors combining three different mass spectrometry based non-targeted approaches as well as one antibody based method. This led to the identification of 548 non-redundant proteins in conditioned media from hSkmc. For 501 proteins, significant mRNA expression could be demonstrated. Applying stringent consecutive filtering using SignalP, SecretomeP and ER_retention signal databases, 305 proteins were assigned as potential myokines of which 12 proteins containing a secretory signal peptide were not previously described. This comprehensive profiling study of the human skeletal muscle secretome expands our knowledge of the composition of the human myokinome and may contribute to our understanding of the role of myokines in multiple biological processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biomarkers: A Proteomic Challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hartwig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Silja Raschke
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Birgit Knebel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Mika Scheler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Waltraud Passlack
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Stefan Muller
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Franz
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xinping Li
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Dicken
- Multimedia Center, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristin Eckardt
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - D Margriet Ouwens
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Jorg Kotzka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany.
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Ikonomov OC, Sbrissa D, Delvecchio K, Feng HZ, Cartee GD, Jin JP, Shisheva A. Muscle-specific Pikfyve gene disruption causes glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, adiposity, and hyperinsulinemia but not muscle fiber-type switching. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E119-31. [PMID: 23673157 PMCID: PMC3725567 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00030.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved kinase PIKfyve that synthesizes PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P₂ has been implicated in insulin-regulated GLUT4 translocation/glucose entry in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To decipher PIKfyve's role in muscle and systemic glucose metabolism, here we have developed a novel mouse model with Pikfyve gene disruption in striated muscle (MPIfKO). These mice exhibited systemic glucose intolerance and insulin resistance at an early age but had unaltered muscle mass or proportion of slow/fast-twitch muscle fibers. Insulin stimulation of in vivo or ex vivo glucose uptake and GLUT4 surface translocation was severely blunted in skeletal muscle. These changes were associated with premature attenuation of Akt phosphorylation in response to in vivo insulin, as tested in young mice. Starting at 10-11 wk of age, MPIfKO mice progressively accumulated greater body weight and fat mass. Despite increased adiposity, serum free fatty acid and triglyceride levels were normal until adulthood. Together with the undetectable lipid accumulation in liver, these data suggest that lipotoxicity and muscle fiber switching do not contribute to muscle insulin resistance in MPIfKO mice. Furthermore, the 80% increase in total fat mass resulted from increased fat cell size rather than altered fat cell number. The observed profound hyperinsulinemia combined with the documented increases in constitutive Akt activation, in vivo glucose uptake, and gene expression of key enzymes for fatty acid biosynthesis in MPIfKO fat tissue suggest that the latter is being sensitized for de novo lipid anabolism. Our data provide the first in vivo evidence that PIKfyve is essential for systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin-regulated glucose uptake/GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognian C Ikonomov
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Adipo-myokines: two sides of the same coin--mediators of inflammation and mediators of exercise. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:320724. [PMID: 23861558 PMCID: PMC3686148 DOI: 10.1155/2013/320724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current literature regarding the most discussed contraction-regulated moykines like IL-6, IL-15, irisin, BDNF, ANGPTL4, FGF21, myonectin and MCP-1. It is suggested that the term myokine is restricted to proteins secreted from skeletal muscle cells, excluding proteins that are secreted by other cell types in skeletal muscle tissue and excluding proteins which are only described on the mRNA level. Interestingly, many of the contraction-regulated myokines described in the literature are additionally known to be secreted by adipocytes. We termed these proteins adipo-myokines. Within this review, we try to elaborate on the question why pro-inflammatory adipokines on the one hand are upregulated in the obese state, and have beneficial effects after exercise on the other hand. Both, adipokines and myokines do have autocrine effects within their corresponding tissues. In addition, they are involved in an endocrine crosstalk with other tissues. Depending on the extent and the kinetics of adipo-myokines in serum, these molecules seem to have a beneficial or an adverse effect on the target tissue.
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Baraibar MA, Gueugneau M, Duguez S, Butler-Browne G, Bechet D, Friguet B. Expression and modification proteomics during skeletal muscle ageing. Biogerontology 2013; 14:339-52. [PMID: 23624703 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle ageing is characterized by a progressive and dramatic loss of muscle mass and strength leading to decreased muscular function resulting in muscle weakness which is often referred to as sarcopenia. Following the standardisation of "omics" approaches to study the genome (genomics) and the transcriptome (transcriptomics), the study of the proteins encoded by the genome, referred to as proteomics, is a tremendous challenge. Unlike the genome, the proteome varies in response to many physiological or pathological factors. In addition, the proteome is orders of magnitude more complex than the transcriptome due to post-translational modifications, protein oxidation and limited protein degradation. Proteomic studies, including the analysis of protein abundance as well as post-translational modified proteins have been shown to provide valuable information to unravel the key molecular pathways implicated in complex biological processes, such as tissue and organ ageing. In this article, we will describe proteomic approaches for the analysis of protein abundance as well as the specific protein targets for oxidative damage upon oxidative stress and/or during skeletal muscle ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Baraibar
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, UR4, UPMC Paris 6 University, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
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