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Acuti Martellucci C, Giacomini G, Flacco ME, Manzoli L, Morettini M, Martellucci M, Rosati S, Bizzarri S, Palmer M, Pascucci L, Uncini M, Pasqualini F. Effectiveness of tailored talks between a cancer screening specialist and general practitioners to improve the uptake of colorectal cancer screening in Ancona (Italy) during the pandemic period. Eur J Gen Pract 2024; 30:2340672. [PMID: 38618885 PMCID: PMC11020593 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2024.2340672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake in many countries has been low and further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. General Practitioners (GPs) are key facilitators, however research on their impact on organised CRC screening is still limited. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of tailored talks with GPs to increase population uptake of the long-established CRC screening programme in Ancona province, Italy. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, one-to-one tailored talks were organised in January 2020 between the GPs of one county of the province (with GPs from other counties as controls) and the screening programme physician-in-chief to discuss the deployment and effectiveness of organised screening. Data was extracted from the National Healthcare System datasets and linear regression was used to assess the potential predictors of CRC screening uptake. RESULTS The mean CRC screening uptake remained stable from 39.9% in 2018-19 to 40.8% in 2020-21 in the 22 GPs of the intervention county, whereas it statistically significantly decreased from 38.7% to 34.7% in the 232 control GPs. In multivariate analyses, belonging to the intervention county was associated with an improved uptake compared to the control counties (+5.1%; 95% Confidence Intervals - CI: 2.0%; 8.1%). CONCLUSION Persons cared for by GPs who received a tailored talk with a cancer screening specialist avoided a drop in CRC screening adherence, which characterised all other Italian screening programmes during the COVID-19 emergency. If future randomised trials confirm the impact of tailored talks, they may be incorporated into existing strategies to improve population CRC screening uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giusi Giacomini
- Oncologic Screening Unit, Ancona Healthcare Agency, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Flacco
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Mosè Martellucci
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Rosati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Bizzarri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matthew Palmer
- The Daffodil Centre, University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lidia Pascucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Uncini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
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Vránová L, Poláková I, Vaníková Š, Saláková M, Musil J, Vaníčková M, Vencálek O, Holub M, Bohoněk M, Řezáč D, Dresler J, Tachezy R, Šmahel M. Multiparametric analysis of the specific immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:851-869. [PMID: 38805304 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2358379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has killed more than 7 million people worldwide. Understanding the development of postinfectious and postvaccination immune responses is necessary for effective treatment and the introduction of appropriate antipandemic measures. OBJECTIVES We analysed humoral and cell-mediated anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses to spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and open reading frame (O) proteins in individuals collected up to 1.5 years after COVID-19 onset and evaluated immune memory. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum were collected from patients after COVID-19. Sampling was performed in two rounds: 3-6 months after infection and after another year. Most of the patients were vaccinated between samplings. SARS-CoV-2-seronegative donors served as controls. ELISpot assays were used to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells using peptide pools (S, NMO) or recombinant proteins (rS, rN), respectively. A CEF peptide pool consisting of selected viral epitopes was applied to assess the antiviral T-cell response. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected via ELISA and a surrogate virus neutralisation assay. RESULTS We confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the establishment of long-term memory IgG+ B cells and memory T cells. We also found that vaccination enhanced the levels of anti-S memory B and T cells. Multivariate comparison also revealed the benefit of repeated vaccination. Interestingly, the T-cell response to CEF was lower in patients than in controls. CONCLUSION This study supports the importance of repeated vaccination for enhancing immunity and suggests a possible long-term perturbation of the overall antiviral immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vránová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Poláková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Vaníková
- Department of Immunomonitoring and Flow Cytometry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Saláková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Musil
- Department of Immunomonitoring and Flow Cytometry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vaníčková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vencálek
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holub
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Military University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Bohoněk
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Řezáč
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Military University Hospital Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dresler
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ruth Tachezy
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šmahel
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
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Barreto-Duran E, Synowiec A, Szczepański A, Gałuszka-Bulaga A, Węglarczyk K, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Siedlar M, Bochenek M, Dufva M, Dogan AA, Lenart M, Pyrc K. Development of an intestinal mucosa ex vivo co-culture model to study viral infections. J Virol 2024:e0098724. [PMID: 39212448 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00987-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying viral infections necessitates well-designed cell culture models to deepen our understanding of diseases and develop effective treatments. In this study, we present a readily available ex vivo 3D co-culture model replicating the human intestinal mucosa. The model combines fully differentiated human intestinal epithelium (HIE) with human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) and faithfully mirrors the in vivo structural and organizational properties of intestinal mucosal tissues. Specifically, it mimics the lamina propria, basement membrane, and the air-exposed epithelial layer, enabling the pioneering observation of macrophage migration through the tissue to the site of viral infection. In this study, we applied the HIE-hMDMs model for the first time in viral infection studies, infecting the model with two globally significant viruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human norovirus GII.4. The results demonstrate the model's capability to support the replication of both viruses and show the antiviral role of macrophages, determined by their migration to the infection site and subsequent direct contact with infected epithelial cells. In addition, we evaluated the production of cytokines and chemokines in the intestinal niche, observing an increased interleukin-8 production during infection. A parallel comparison using a classical in vitro cell line model comprising Caco-2 and THP-1 cells for SARS-CoV-2 experiments confirmed the utility of the HIE-hMDMs model in viral infection studies. Our data show that the ex vivo tissue models hold important implications for advances in virology research.IMPORTANCEThe fabrication of intricate ex vivo tissue models holds important implications for advances in virology research. The co-culture model presented here provides distinct spatial and functional attributes not found in simplified models, enabling the evaluation of macrophage dynamics under severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and human norovirus (HuNoV) infections in the intestine. Moreover, these models, comprised solely of primary cells, facilitate the study of difficult-to-replicate viruses such as HuNoV, which cannot be studied in cell line models, and offer the opportunity for personalized treatment evaluations using patient cells. Similar co-cultures have been established for the study of bacterial infections and different characteristics of the intestinal tissue. However, to the best of our knowledge, a similar intestinal model for the study of viral infections has not been published before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Barreto-Duran
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Synowiec
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Szczepański
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adrianna Gałuszka-Bulaga
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Węglarczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Bochenek
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asli Aybike Dogan
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marzena Lenart
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Kim DH, Lee J, Lee DY, Lee SH, Jeong JH, Kim JY, Kim J, Choi YK, Lee JB, Park SY, Choi IS, Lee SW, Youk S, Song CS. Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Protects hACE2 TG Mice against Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:921. [PMID: 39204044 PMCID: PMC11359043 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a global outbreak in 2019, profoundly affecting both human health and the global economy. Various vaccine modalities were developed and commercialized to overcome this challenge, including inactivated vaccines, mRNA vaccines, adenovirus vector-based vaccines, and subunit vaccines. While intramuscular vaccines induce high IgG levels, they often fail to stimulate significant mucosal immunity in the respiratory system. We employed the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector expressing the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant (rK148/beta-S), and evaluated the efficacy of intranasal vaccination with rK148/beta-S in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Intranasal vaccination with a low dose (106.0 EID50) resulted in an 86% survival rate after challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant. Administration at a high dose (107.0 EID50) led to a reduction in lung viral load and 100% survival against the SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta variants. A high level of the SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA was also induced in vaccinated mice lungs following the SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Our findings suggest that rK148/beta-S holds promise as an intranasal vaccine candidate that effectively induces mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Hwan Kim
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.K.)
- KHAV Co., Ltd., 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.K.)
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Da-Ye Lee
- KHAV Co., Ltd., 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- KHAV Co., Ltd., 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jei-Hyun Jeong
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.K.)
- KHAV Co., Ltd., 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Kim
- KHAV Co., Ltd., 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.K.)
| | - Seung-Young Park
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.K.)
| | - In-Soo Choi
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.K.)
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.K.)
| | - Sungsu Youk
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.K.)
- KHAV Co., Ltd., 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Manz KC, Mocek A, Höer A, Simantiri C, Heuck A, Eberhardt A, Mrosowsky T, Zander S, Fritz B, Schuster AK, Erb C. Epidemiology and Treatment of Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Germany: A Health Claims Data Analysis. J Glaucoma 2024; 33:549-558. [PMID: 38752785 PMCID: PMC11319074 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
PRCIS Based on a large administrative database of German claims data, our study provides current estimates of the prevalence and incidence of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in Germany and describes selected outcomes for prevalent patients with POAG. PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence and incidence of POAG in Germany, to describe the patient population in terms of comorbidity burden, routine care, and overall healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs, and to describe treatment patterns over time in patients undergoing relevant laser procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on anonymized German claims data, we carried out a retrospective, noninterventional study covering calendar years 2016-2021. RESULTS For the adult German population (≥18 y), we estimated a POAG 1-year prevalence of 1.70% and a 1-year incidence of 0.17% in 2018; both increased with age, peaking in 80- to 89-year-olds. Prevalence and incidence were lower in 2020 (1.65% and 0.16%, respectively), the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Most patients solely received topical treatment. Most surgically treated patients underwent laser trabeculoplasty, followed by laser iridotomy, trabeculectomy, and filtration operations with implant. In patients undergoing laser trabeculoplasty, the treatment regimen was nearly unchanged in the second year after, compared with 2 years before the procedure. Multimorbidity was commonly observed; 75.5% of patients had arterial hypertension and 50.0% had disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidemias, compared with 60.1% and 39.2%, respectively, in an age- and sex-matched control sample. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insights into epidemiology and routine care of POAG in Germany and HCRU in prevalent patients. There was little change in treatment regimens in patients who underwent laser trabeculoplasty, 2 years after the procedure. Most patients were multimorbid highlighting the need for comprehensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander K. Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz
| | - Carl Erb
- Private Institute of Applied Ophthalmology Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Garmeh Motlagh F, Azimzadeh Irani M, Masoomi Nomandan SZ, Assadizadeh M. Computational design and investigation of the monomeric spike SARS-CoV-2-ferritin nanocage vaccine stability and interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1403635. [PMID: 38933369 PMCID: PMC11199398 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1403635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, several solutions have been proposed to manage the disease. The most viable option for controlling this virus is to produce effective vaccines. Most of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have focused on the infusion spike protein. Spike exists as a trimer and plays a vital role in infecting host cells by binding to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor through its Receptor Binding Domain (RBD). Ferritin protein, a naturally occurring iron-storage protein, has gained attention for vaccine production due to its self-assembling property, non-toxic nature, and biocompatibility. Ferritin nanocages have recently been employed in the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination eliciting not only long-term protective memory cells but also a sustained antibody response. In this study, a combination of in silico investigations including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and immune simulations were carried out to computationally model the monomeric spike protein on the ferritin nanocage as well as to evaluate its stability and interactions for the first time. The structural dynamics of the modeled complex demonstrated noticeable stability. In particular, the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and ferritin within the monomeric spike-ferritin complex illustrated significant stability. The lack of alterations in the secondary structure further supported the overall steadiness of the complex. The decline in the distance between ferritin and spike suggests a strong interaction over time. The cross-correlation matrices revealed that the monomeric spike and ferritin move towards each other supporting the stable interaction between spike and ferritin. Further, the orientation of monomeric spike protein within the ferritin unit facilitated the exposure of critical epitopes, specifically upward active Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), enabling effective interactions with the ACE2 receptor. The immune simulations of the model indicated high-level stimulations of both cellular and humoral immunity in the human body. It was also found that the employed model is effective regardless of the mutated spikes in different variants. These findings shed light on the current status of the SARS-CoV-2-ferritin nanoparticle vaccines and could be used as a framework for other similar vaccine designs.
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Li Q, Lu H, Ruan Y, Geng Y, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Feng L, Guo W. Andrographolide suppresses SARS-CoV-2 infection by downregulating ACE2 expression: A mechanistic study. Antivir Ther 2024; 29:13596535241259952. [PMID: 38873947 DOI: 10.1177/13596535241259952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor that enables SARS-CoV-2 to invade host cells. Previous studies have reported that reducing ACE2 expression may have an anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect. In this study, we constructed a pGL4.10-F2-ACE2 vector with double luciferase genes (firefly and Renilla luciferase) under the control of the ACE2 promoter and used it to screen compounds from Chinese traditional medicinal herbs (CTMHs) that can inhibit ACE2 transcription in human cells. We transfected HEK293T cells with pGL4.10-F2-ACE2 and treated them with CTMH compounds and then measured fluorescence to evaluate the indirect inhibition of ACE2 transcription. Out of 37 compounds tested, andrographolide demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of ACE2 transcription. We further confirmed by RT-qPCR and Western blot assays that andrographolide also reduced ACE2 expression in BEAS-2B cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, pseudovirus infection assays in BEAS-2B cells demonstrated that andrographolide can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that andrographolide has potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and could be a candidate drug for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Donguan, China
- Department of Pathogenic Organism Biology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Donguan, China
| | - Yongdui Ruan
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Donguan, China
| | - Yuxuan Geng
- Department of Pathogenic Organism Biology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zuguo Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Donguan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, DongGuan SongShan Lake Tung Wah Hospital, DongGuan, China
| | - Long Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Organism Biology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wentao Guo
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Donguan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Donguan, China
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Urazayeva ST, Kurmangaliyeva SS, Kaliyev AA, Tussupkaliyeva KS, Issimov A, Urazayeva AB, Tashimova ZK, Mussin NM, Begalin T, Amanshiyeva AA, Nurmaganbetova GZ, Nurmukhamedova SM, Balmagambetova S. Attitude toward vaccination against COVID-19 and acceptance of the national "QazVac" vaccine in the Aktobe city population, West Kazakhstan: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303854. [PMID: 38753835 PMCID: PMC11098484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The scale of emergency caused by COVID-19, the ease of survey, and the crowdsourcing deployment guaranteed by the latest technology have allowed unprecedented access to data describing behavioral changes induced by the pandemic. The study aimed to present the survey results identifying attitudes toward vaccination against COVID-19 among the population of West Kazakhstan, the level of confidence in the national QazVac vaccine, and the role of different sources of information on COVID-19 in decision-making concerning vaccination. A computer-assisted survey was conducted using WhatsApp messenger. Overall, 2,009 participants responded, with a response rate of 92%. Most (83.1%) were immunized against COVID-19; among them, 20.1% obeyed the request of their employers that had been practiced within non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain the disease. The youngest respondents, individuals with a college education, students, and employed people, as well as those with chronic diseases, showed positive attitudes toward vaccination (all p<0.05). About two-thirds of respondents (69.2%) expressed trust in all types of vaccines against COVID-19. Of those who refused vaccination (16.9%), about one-third feared vaccination consequences, and more than a third (38.2%) reported anti-vaccine sentiments. The decisive factors in accepting vaccination were trust in official sources of information (reports of medical experts, etc.) and, mainly, subjectively interpreted sufficiency of information about the disease, which had increased the odds of being vaccinated by 63.9% (OR 1.71, 95% CI [1.3;2.26], p<0.05). Confidence in the domestic QazVac vaccine was expressed by 37.7% of respondents. History and severity of COVID-19 disease did not play a role in positive perceptions of vaccination, while illness after vaccination substantially affected vaccination approval (p 0.021). No significant differences have been observed regarding the overall performance across five vaccines (QazVac, Sputnik V, CoronaVac, Hayat-Vax, and BioNTech/Pfizer) available for Kazakhstan's population (p 0.27).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltanat T. Urazayeva
- Department of Epidemiology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Saulesh S. Kurmangaliyeva
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Asset A. Kaliyev
- Department of General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Arman Issimov
- Department of Biology, K.Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Aisha B. Urazayeva
- Department of Epidemiology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhuldyz K. Tashimova
- Department of Epidemiology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Nadiar M. Mussin
- Department of General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Toleukhan Begalin
- Department of Epidemiology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Aimeken A. Amanshiyeva
- Department of Epidemiology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Shara M. Nurmukhamedova
- Department of Epidemiology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Saule Balmagambetova
- Department of Oncology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
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Petráš M, Janovská D, Lomozová D, Franklová M, Dlouhý P, Rosina J, Lesná IK. Understanding the time-driven shifts of vaccine effectiveness against any and severe COVID-19 before and after the surge of Omicron variants within 2.5 years of vaccination: A meta-regression. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 142:106986. [PMID: 38417615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.106986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic required rapid development of vaccines within a short period of time which did not allow to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the long-term. METHODS A computerized literature search was undertaken to identify eligible studies, with no language restrictions, published between 1 December 2020 and 30 June 2023. RESULTS Out of a total of 27,597 publications, 761 studies were included. Early VE of 87.2% decreased to 55.1% after 9 months among populations fully immunized not only with mRNA (proxy mRNA) vaccines, and 66.3% decreased to 23.5% in populations immunized exclusively with non-mRNA vaccines. Protection against severe COVID-19 declined to 80.9% for proxy mRNA vaccines and 67.2% for non-mRNA vaccines. Omicron variants significantly diminished VE. Within 6-8 months of receiving a single booster of an mRNA vaccine, VE declined to 14.0% and 67.7% for any and severe COVID-19, respectively. Multiple mRNA booster doses restored protection that declined to 29.5% and 70.6% for any and severe COVID-19, respectively, within 5-7 months. CONCLUSION Outcomes of this meta-regression underscore the evolving nature of COVID-19 in response to vaccination, dosing schedules, and emerging variants, and provide crucial insights for public health interventions and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Petráš
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniela Janovská
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Lomozová
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Franklová
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dlouhý
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Rosina
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Health Care and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Králová Lesná
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Military Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Petrov S, Taskov H, Murdjeva M. Guardians of immunity: NK cell-mediated defense in COVID-19 and post-COVID scenarios. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2024; 66:12-18. [PMID: 38426460 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.66.e113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has left a lasting impact on global health, challenging communities, healthcare systems, and researchers worldwide. As we navigate this unprecedented crisis, this paper embarks on a multifaceted exploration of the pivotal role played by natural killer (NK) cells in the context of COVID-19. A significant portion of this paper is devoted to dissecting the nuanced role that NK cells assume in the context of COVID-19. From the initial acute infection to post-recovery immunity, NK cells emerge as critical players. We scrutinize the activation and dysregulation of NK cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection, shedding light on their potential contribution to disease severity. Moreover, we explore the fascinating landscape of post-COVID immunity, where NK cells are known to interact with adaptive immune responses, providing a foundation for long-term protection. In light of their central role, we investigate therapeutic strategies targeting NK cells in COVID-19 management, presenting an overview of current research efforts and their promise in mitigating disease progression. Lastly, we draw attention to research gaps, emphasizing the need for further investigation into NK cell dynamics during COVID-19. These gaps represent opportunities for advancing our understanding of NK cell biology and, by extension, enhancing our strategies for combating this global health crisis. This comprehensive exploration not only highlights the intricate interplay between NK cells and the COVID-19 pandemic but also underscores the importance of these innate immune warriors in shaping both the acute response and long-term immunity, ultimately contributing to the broader discourse surrounding the pandemic's pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches.
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11
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Piewbang C, Poonsin P, Lohavicharn P, Punyathi P, Kesdangsakonwut S, Kasantikul T, Techangamsuwan S. Natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs: Determination of viral loads, distributions, localizations, and pathology. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107070. [PMID: 37956819 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Instances of reverse zoonosis involving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been documented in both controlled experiments and spontaneous cases. Although dogs are susceptible to infection, clinical significance is limited to mild or asymptomatic. Here, we investigate the fatal cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs in Thailand. Pathological findings of SARS-CoV-2-infected dogs reveal severe diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary hyalinization and fibrosis, and syncytial formation, together with minor lesions in brain and kidney. Employing reverse transcription-digital PCR, substantial viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in lung, kidney, brain, trachea, tonsil, tracheobronchial lymph node, liver, and intestine, respectively. Localization of SARS-CoV-2 within various tissues was examined through immunohistochemistry (IHC), where the co-localization of the viral spike protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor was illustrated using double IHC. SARS-CoV-2 localization was markedly identified in the epithelial cells of the lung, trachea, intestine and kidneys, and moderately presented in the salivary gland and gall bladder, where the co-localization with the ACE2 was also evident. Neurons in the brainstem where exhibited lymphocytic perivascular cuffing were also found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 in IHC testing, despite lacking ACE2 receptor expression. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 replication within the lungs of infected dogs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, visualizing free viral particles within the cytosol or the endoplasmic reticulum of syncytial cells within the lung. This study considerably expanded on the knowledge of the pathology associated with natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs, a scenario that is relatively infrequent but occasionally leads to fatal outcome. Furthermore, these findings suggest the potential utility of dogs as a model for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panida Poonsin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattiya Lohavicharn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panitnan Punyathi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sawang Kesdangsakonwut
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Wang L, Liu T, Yue H, Zhang J, Sheng Q, Wu L, Wang X, Zhang M, Wang J, Wang J, Yu W. Clinical characteristics and high risk factors of patients with Omicron variant strain infection in Hebei, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1294904. [PMID: 38145047 PMCID: PMC10744887 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1294904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The Omicron variant has a weaker pathogenicity compared to the Delta variant but is highly transmissible and elderly critically ill patients account for the majority. This study has significant implications for guiding clinical personalized treatment and effectively utilizing healthcare resources. Methods The study focuses on 157 patients infected with the novel coronavirus Omicron variant, from December, 2022, to February, 2023. The objective is to analyze the baseline data, test results, imaging findings and identify risk factors associated with severe illness. Results Among the 157 included patients, there were 55 cases in the non-severe group (all were moderate cases) and 102 cases in the severe group (including severe and critical cases). Infection with the Omicron variant exhibits significant differences between non-severe and severe cases (baseline data, blood routine, coagulation, inflammatory markers, cardiac, liver, kidney functions, Chest CT, VTE score, etc.). A multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that neutrophil percentage >75%, eosinophil percentage <0.4%, D-dimer >0.55 mg/L, PCT >0.25 ng/mL, LDH >250 U/L, albumin <40 g/L, A/G ratio <1.2, cholinesterase<5100 U/L, uric acid >357 mole/L and blood calcium<2.11 mmol/L were the most likely independent risk factors for severe novel coronavirus infection. Conclusion Advanced age, low oxygenation index, elevated neutrophil percentage, decreased eosinophil percentage, elevated PCT, elevated LDH, decreased albumin, decreased A/G ratio, elevated uric acid, decreased blood calcium, and elevated D-dimer are independent prognostic risk factors for non-severe patients progressing to severe illness. These factors should be closely monitored and actively treated to prevent or minimize the occurrence of severe illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongjuan Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qihong Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weifang Yu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Cebrino J, Portero de la Cruz S. Psychological impact of COVID-19 and determinants among Spanish university students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252849. [PMID: 37920580 PMCID: PMC10619672 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background University students are a vulnerable population and faced a significant psychological impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of fear of COVID-19 among university students and to evaluate the possible relationship between fear of COVID-19 and socio-demographic, health-related determinants, variables related to the COVID-19 and variables related to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study between December 2020 and December 2021 on a sample of 950 university students from two universities in southern Spain. Participants completed a form that collected socio-demographic, health-related and COVID-related variables, a validated questionnaire related to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the fear of COVID Scale (FCV-19S). Descriptive, inferential, and multivariable linear regression analyzes were conducted. Results The mean FCV-19S score was 14.86 ± 5.16 points. The factors identified as predictors of FCV-19S were being female (p < 0.001), holding religious beliefs (p = 0.04), living in towns with over 10,000 inhabitants (p < 0.01), living with someone vulnerable to COVID-19 (p = 0.02), watching TV to keep informed about COVID-19 (p < 0.01), believing in a low probability of surviving if infected with COVID-19 (p < 0.001), having a higher level of death anxiety (p < 0.001) and suffering from insomnia (p < 0.001). Conclusion An average fear of COVID-19 score of 14.86 ± 5.16 points has been found among university students in Spain. These findings can aid in identifying specific factors contributing to fear of COVID-19 and in developing coping strategies to alleviate the stress of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cebrino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Silvia Portero de la Cruz
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Research Group GE10 Clinical and Epidemiological Research in Primary Care, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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Rosso A, Flacco ME, Soldato G, Di Martino G, Acuti Martellucci C, Carota R, De Benedictis M, Di Marco G, Di Luzio R, Fiore M, Caponetti A, Manzoli L. COVID-19 Vaccination Effectiveness in the General Population of an Italian Province: Two Years of Follow-Up. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1325. [PMID: 37631893 PMCID: PMC10459219 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We carried out a cohort study on the overall population of the province of Pescara, Italy, to assess the real-world effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against infection, severe, or lethal COVID-19, two years after the start of the vaccination campaign. We included all the resident or domiciled subjects, and extracted the official demographic, vaccination, COVID-19, hospital and co-pay exemption datasets from 1 January 2021, up to 15 February 2023. Cox proportional hazards analyses were adjusted for gender, age, diabetes, hypertension, COPD, major cardio- and cerebrovascular events, cancer, and kidney diseases. Throughout the follow-up (466 days on average), 186,676 subjects received greater than or equal to three vaccine doses (of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, NVX-CoV2373, or JNJ-78436735), 47,610 two doses, 11,452 one dose, and 44,989 none. Overall, 40.4% of subjects were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Of them, 2.74% had severe or lethal (1.30%) COVID-19. As compared to the unvaccinated, the individuals who received greater than or equal to one booster dose showed a ≥85% lower risk of severe or lethal COVID-19. A massive impact of vaccination was found among the elderly: 22.0% of the unvaccinated, infected individuals died, as opposed to less than 3% of those who received greater than or equal to three vaccine doses. No protection against infection was observed, although this finding was certainly influenced by the Italian restriction policies to control the pandemic. Importantly, during the Omicron predominance period, only the group who received at least a booster dose showed a reduced risk of COVID-19-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Rosso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Maria Elena Flacco
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Graziella Soldato
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Martino
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Cecilia Acuti Martellucci
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Roberto Carota
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco De Benedictis
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Graziano Di Marco
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Rossano Di Luzio
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Fiore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Antonio Caponetti
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (G.D.M.); (R.C.); (M.D.B.); (G.D.M.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy;
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Ren P, Hu Y, Peng L, Yang L, Suzuki K, Fang Z, Bai M, Zhou L, Feng Y, Zou Y, Xiong Y, Chen S. Function and Cryo-EM structures of broadly potent bispecific antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:281. [PMID: 37518189 PMCID: PMC10387464 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ren
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yingxia Hu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luojia Yang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kazushi Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhenhao Fang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meizhu Bai
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yanzhi Feng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongji Zou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
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Terning G, El-Thalji I, Brun EC. The Impact of Patient Infection Rate on Emergency Department Patient Flow: Hybrid Simulation Study in a Norwegian Case. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1904. [PMID: 37444740 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic put emergency departments all over the world under severe and unprecedented distress. Previous methods of evaluating patient flow impact, such as in-situ simulation, tabletop studies, etc., in a rapidly evolving pandemic are prohibitively impractical, time-consuming, costly, and inflexible. For instance, it is challenging to study the patient flow in the emergency department under different infection rates and get insights using in-situ simulation and tabletop studies. Despite circumventing many of these challenges, the simulation modeling approach and hybrid agent-based modeling stand underutilized. This study investigates the impact of increased patient infection rate on the emergency department patient flow by using a developed hybrid agent-based simulation model. This study reports findings on the patient infection rate in different emergency department patient flow configurations. This study's results quantify and demonstrate that an increase in patient infection rate will lead to an incremental deterioration of the patient flow metrics average length of stay and crowding within the emergency department, especially if the waiting functions are introduced. Along with other findings, it is concluded that waiting functions, including the waiting zone, make the single average length of stay an ineffective measure as it creates a multinomial distribution of several tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaute Terning
- Department of Safety, Economics, and Planning, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Idriss El-Thalji
- Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering and Materials Science, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Eric Christian Brun
- Department of Safety, Economics, and Planning, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
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Citta Nirmala E, Sudjarwo SA, Kuncorojakti S, Puspitasari H, A’la R, Yasmin Wijaya A, Susilowati H, Diyantoro D, Triakoso N, Setiawan B, Eru Wibowo A, Abdul Rantam F. The response of CD59 NK cell and IL-6 level in Cynomolgus macaque immunized with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate. RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY 2023:2847-2853. [DOI: 10.52711/0974-360x.2023.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination is deemed the best approach against the COVID-19 pandemic. In regard of safety and protectivity, the whole inactivated vaccine platform is advantageous and widely used. Whole inactivated vaccine provides broader protection against various antigenic components of SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to analyze the immune response of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration. The analysis utilized the flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate CD59 NK cell expression and serum IL-6 level. This research used 6 macaques which were divided into 2 groups: Adult and Adolescence. Each group was consisted of 3 macaques. The macaques received two doses of 3 µg of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with 21 days interval between first and second dose. CD59 and IL-6 level were measured before the first vaccination (D0), 21 days post-vaccination but before second dose (D21), and 14 days after the second dose (D35). The result showed significant escalation (p ≤ 0.05) of CD59 NK cell expression between D0, D21, and D35 in both adult and adolescence macaques. Higher expression of CD59 NK cell was found in adult macaques compared to adolescence macaques. Meanwhile, the level of IL-6 remained constant (p > 0.05) throughout D0, D21, and D35 in both groups. In conclusion, the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate can increase CD59 NK cell expression significantly, while IL-6 level was mildly elevated although the differences were insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Citta Nirmala
- Master’s Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Suryo Kuncorojakti
- Histology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Heni Puspitasari
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Rofiqul A’la
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Andi Yasmin Wijaya
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Helen Susilowati
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Diyantoro Diyantoro
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nusdianto Triakoso
- Internal Medicine Department, Airlangga University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Boedi Setiawan
- Clinical Surgery Department, Airlangga University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Agung Eru Wibowo
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Virology and Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
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Ren P, Hu Y, Peng L, Yang L, Suzuki K, Fang Z, Bai M, Zhou L, Feng Y, Zou Y, Xiong Y, Chen S. Function and Cryo-EM structures of broadly potent bispecific antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2022.08.09.503414. [PMID: 35982661 PMCID: PMC9387138 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.09.503414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron (B.1.1.529), rapidly swept the world since its emergence. Compared with previous variants, Omicron has a high number of mutations, especially those in its spike glycoprotein that drastically dampen or abolish the efficacy of currently available vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. Several major sublineages of Omicron evolved, including BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3, BA.4/5, and BA.2.75, which rapidly changing the global and regional landscape of the pandemic. Although vaccines are available, therapeutic antibodies remain critical for infected and especially hospitalized patients. To address this, we have designed and generated a panel of human/humanized therapeutic bispecific antibodies against Omicron and its sub-lineage variants, with activity spectrum against other lineages. Among these, the top clone CoV2-0213 has broadly potent activities against multiple SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and Omicron lineages, including BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3, BA.4/5, and BA.2.75. We have solved the cryo-EM structure of the lead bi-specific antibody CoV-0213 and its major Fab arm MB.02. Three-dimensional structural analysis shows distinct epitope of antibody - spike receptor binding domain (RBD) interactions and reveals that both Fab fragments of CoV2-0213 can simultaneously target one single spike RBD or two adjacent ones in the same spike trimer, further corroborating its mechanism of action. CoV2-0213 represents a unique and potent broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing bispecific antibody (nbsAb) against the currently circulating major Omicron variants (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.2.75, BA.3, and BA.4/5). CoV2-0213 is primarily human and ready for translational testing as a countermeasure against the ever-evolving pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ren
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yingxia Hu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luojia Yang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kazushi Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhenhao Fang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meizhu Bai
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yanzhi Feng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongji Zou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Correspondence: SC (), +1-203-737-3825 (office), +1-203-737-4952 (lab), YX (), +1 (203) 436-2609 (lab)
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Correspondence: SC (), +1-203-737-3825 (office), +1-203-737-4952 (lab), YX (), +1 (203) 436-2609 (lab)
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Figueiredo ERL, Affonso MVDG, Jacomel RJ, Gomes FDC, Gonçalves NV, Miranda CDSC, da Silva MCF, da Silva-Júnior AF, de Melo-Neto JS. COVID-19 in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon: Incidence, Clinical Management, and Mortality by Social Determinants of Health, Symptomatology, and Comorbidities in the Xingu Health Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4639. [PMID: 36901646 PMCID: PMC10002208 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between social determinants of health (SDH), incidence, and mortality to verify which sociodemographic factors, symptoms, and comorbidities predict clinical management; second, this study aims to conduct a survival analysis of individuals with COVID-19 in the Xingu Health Region. Consequently, this study adopted an ecological framework, employing secondary data of COVID-19-positive individuals from the Xingu Health Region, Pará State, Brazil. The data were obtained through the database of the State of Pará Public Health Secretary (SESPA) for the period from March 2020 to March 2021. The incidence and mortality were higher in Vitória do Xingu and Altamira. Municipalities with a higher percentage of citizens with health insurance and higher public health expenditure showed a higher incidence and mortality. A higher gross domestic product was associated with a higher incidence. Females were found to be associated with better clinical management. To live in Altamira was a risk factor for intensive care unit admission. The symptoms and comorbidities that predicted worse clinical management were dyspnea, fever, emesis, chills, diabetes, cardiac and renal diseases, obesity, and neurological diseases. There were higher incidence, mortality, and lower survival rates among the elderly. Thus, it can be concluded that SDH indicators, symptomatology, and comorbidities have implications for the incidence, mortality, and clinical management of COVID-19 in the Xingu Health Region of eastern Amazonia, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabiana de Campos Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Nelson Veiga Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Geoprocessing of Amazon, University of the state of Pará (UEPA), Belem 66050-540, Brazil
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Valentino MS, Marzuillo P, Esposito C, Bartiromo M, Nardolillo M, Villani AV, Maresca A, Furcolo G, Guarino S, Miraglia del Giudice E, Di Sessa A. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on the Relationship between Pediatric MAFLD and Renal Function. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12052037. [PMID: 36902824 PMCID: PMC10003972 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12052037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 have been found in all age groups. In particular, adult data demonstrated significant changes in patients with chronic and metabolic disease (e.g., obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and metabolic associated fatty liver dysfunction (MAFLD)), while similar pediatric evidence is still limited. We aimed at investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the relationship between MAFLD and renal function in children with CKD due to congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). METHODS A total of 21 children with CAKUT and CKD ≥ stage 1 underwent a comprehensive evaluation within 3 months before and 6 months after the first Italian lockdown. RESULTS At follow-up, CKD patients with MAFLD presented higher BMI-SDS, serum uric acid, triglycerides, and microalbuminuria levels and lower eGFR levels than those without MAFLD (all p < 0.05). Higher ferritin and white blood cell concentrations were also found in patients with CKD diagnosed with MAFLD than peers without MAFLD (both p = 0.01). Compared to children without MAFLD, a higher delta of BMI-SDS, eGFR levels, and microalbuminuria levels was found in patients with MAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Due to the negative influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on cardiometabolic health in childhood, a careful management of children with CKD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sole Valentino
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Esposito
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Bartiromo
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Nardolillo
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Valentina Villani
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maresca
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Furcolo
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pediatria e Pronto Soccorso Pediatrico, AORN Moscati, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Stefano Guarino
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815445465
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CuMV VLPs Containing the RBM from SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Drive Dendritic Cell Activation and Th1 Polarization. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030825. [PMID: 36986686 PMCID: PMC10055701 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most specialized and proficient antigen-presenting cells. They bridge innate and adaptive immunity and display a powerful capacity to prime antigen-specific T cells. The interaction of DCs with the receptor-binding domain of the spike (S) protein from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pivotal step to induce effective immunity against the S protein-based vaccination protocols, as well as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Herein, we describe the cellular and molecular events triggered by virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the receptor-binding motif from the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, or, as controls, in the presence of the Toll-like receptors (TLR)3 and TLR7/8 agonists, comprehending the events of dendritic cell maturation and their crosstalk with T cells. The results demonstrated that VLPs boosted the expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules and co-stimulatory receptors of DCs, indicating their maturation. Furthermore, DCs’ interaction with VLPs promoted the activation of the NF-kB pathway, a very important intracellular signalling pathway responsible for triggering the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, co-culture of DCs with T cells triggered CD4+ (mainly CD4+Tbet+) and CD8+ T cell proliferation. Our results suggested that VLPs increase cellular immunity, involving DC maturation and T cell polarization towards a type 1 T cells profile. By providing deeper insight into the mechanisms of activation and regulation of the immune system by DCs, these findings will enable the design of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
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Chan-Zapata I, Borges-Argáez R, Ayora-Talavera G. Quinones as Promising Compounds against Respiratory Viruses: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:1981. [PMID: 36838969 PMCID: PMC9967002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses represent a world public health problem, giving rise to annual seasonal epidemics and several pandemics caused by some of these viruses, including the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, which continues to date. Some antiviral drugs have been licensed for the treatment of influenza, but they cause side effects and lead to resistant viral strains. Likewise, aerosolized ribavirin is the only drug approved for the therapy of infections by the respiratory syncytial virus, but it possesses various limitations. On the other hand, no specific drugs are licensed to treat other viral respiratory diseases. In this sense, natural products and their derivatives have appeared as promising alternatives in searching for new compounds with antiviral activity. Besides their chemical properties, quinones have demonstrated interesting biological activities, including activity against respiratory viruses. This review summarizes the activity against respiratory viruses and their molecular targets by the different types of quinones (both natural and synthetic). Thus, the present work offers a general overview of the importance of quinones as an option for the future pharmacological treatment of viral respiratory infections, subject to additional studies that support their effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Chan-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Merida 97205, Mexico
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Merida 97205, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Departamento de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Paseo de Las Fuentes, Merida 97225, Mexico
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23
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Gupta SL, Tyagi R, Dhar A, Oswal N, Khandelwal A, Jaiswal RK. Children's SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Their Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:418. [PMID: 36851295 PMCID: PMC9962844 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, causes respiratory tract infections and other complications in affected individuals, and has resulted in numerous deaths worldwide. The unprecedented pace of its transmission worldwide, and the resultant heavy burden on healthcare systems everywhere, prompted efforts to have effective therapeutic strategies and vaccination candidates available to the global population. While aged and immunocompromised individuals form a high-risk group for COVID-19 and have severe disease outcome, the rate of infections among children has also increased with the emergence of the Omicron variant. In addition, recent reports of threatening SARS-CoV-2-associated complications in children have brought to the forefront an urgent necessity for vaccination. In this article, we discuss the current scenario of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children with a special focus on the differences in their immune system response as compared to adults. Further, we describe the various available COVID-19 vaccines, including the recent bivalent vaccines for children, in detail, intending to increase willingness for their acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohit Tyagi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Atika Dhar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neelam Oswal
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Rishi Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Della Corte L, Cafasso V, Boccia D, Morra I, De Angelis C, De Placido S, Giampaolino P, Di Carlo C, Bifulco G. How SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impacts the Management of Patients with Vulvar Cancer: Experience in a Third-Level Hospital of Southern Italy. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020240. [PMID: 36836474 PMCID: PMC9967907 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since February 2020, the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy has induced the government to call for lockdown of any activity apart from primary needs, and changing the lives of each of us. All that has dramatically impacted the management of patients affected by cancer. Patients with vulvar cancer (VC) represent a particularly frail population because they are elderly and affected by multiple comorbidities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on VC patients in terms of delay or impossibility of carrying out the scheduled treatment. Methods: The medical records of patients affected by vulvar tumors, referred to "DAI Materno-Infantile" of AOU Federico II of Naples between February 2020 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The presence of a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in nasopharyngeal swab defined the positivity to SARS-CoV-2. Results: Twenty-four patients with VC were analyzed and scheduled for treatment. The median age was 70.7 years (range: 59-80). Seven (29.2%) patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection: In three (42.8%) patients, the treatment was delayed with no apparent consequences, in four (57.2%), the treatment was delayed or changed due to cancer progression and, of these four, one died due to respiratory complications of COVID-19, and one died due to oncologic disease progression. Conclusion: COVID-19 caused, in most cases, significant delays in oncologic treatments and high mortality in our series of patients affected by VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Della Corte
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Cafasso
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Napoli, Italy
| | - Dominga Boccia
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Morra
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Giampaolino
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Napoli, Italy
| | - Costantino Di Carlo
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 84014 Napoli, Italy
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Ayass MA, Tripathi T, Griko N, Pashkov V, Dai J, Zhang J, Herbert FC, Ramankutty Nair R, Okyay T, Zhu K, Gassensmith JJ, Abi-Mosleh L. Highly efficacious and safe neutralizing DNA aptamer of SARS-CoV-2 as an emerging therapy for COVID-19 disease. Virol J 2022; 19:227. [PMID: 36581924 PMCID: PMC9800238 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The paucity of SARS-CoV-2-specific virulence factors has greatly hampered the therapeutic management of patients with COVID-19 disease. Although available vaccines and approved therapies have shown tremendous benefits, the continuous emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and side effects of existing treatments continue to challenge therapy, necessitating the development of a novel effective therapy. We have previously shown that our developed novel single-stranded DNA aptamers not only target the trimer S protein of SARS-CoV-2, but also block the interaction between ACE2 receptors and trimer S protein of Wuhan origin, Delta, Delta plus, Alpha, Lambda, Mu, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. We herein performed in vivo experiments that administer the aptamer to the lungs by intubation as well as in vitro studies utilizing PBMCs to prove the efficacy and safety of our most effective aptamer, AYA2012004_L. METHODS In vivo studies were conducted in transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 (K18hACE2), C57BL/6J, and Balb/cJ. Flow cytometry was used to check S-protein expressing pseudo-virus-like particles (VLP) uptake by the lung cells and test the immuogenicity of AYA2012004_L. Ames test was used to assess mutagenicity of AYA2012004_L. RT-PCR and histopathology were used to determine the biodistribution and toxicity of AYA2012004_L in vital organs of mice. RESULTS We measured the in vivo uptake of VLPs by lung cells by detecting GFP signal using flow cytometry. AYA2012004_L specifically neutralized VLP uptake and also showed no inflammatory response in mice lungs. In addition, AYA2012004_L did not induce inflammatory response in the lungs of Th1 and Th2 mouse models as well as human PBMCs. AYA2012004_L was detectable in mice lungs and noticeable in insignificant amounts in other vital organs. Accumulation of AYA2012004_L in organs decreased over time. AYA2012004_L did not induce degenerative signs in tissues as seen by histopathology and did not cause changes in the body weight of mice. Ames test also certified that AYA2012004_L is non-mutagenic and proved it to be safe for in vivo studies. CONCLUSIONS Our aptamer is safe, effective, and can neutralize the uptake of VLPs by lung cells when administered locally suggesting that it can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalya Griko
- Ayass Bioscience, LLC, 8501 Wade Blvd, Bldg 9, Frisco, TX, 75034, USA
| | - Victor Pashkov
- Ayass Bioscience, LLC, 8501 Wade Blvd, Bldg 9, Frisco, TX, 75034, USA
| | - Jun Dai
- Ayass Bioscience, LLC, 8501 Wade Blvd, Bldg 9, Frisco, TX, 75034, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Ayass Bioscience, LLC, 8501 Wade Blvd, Bldg 9, Frisco, TX, 75034, USA
| | - Fabian C Herbert
- University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | | | - Tutku Okyay
- Ayass Bioscience, LLC, 8501 Wade Blvd, Bldg 9, Frisco, TX, 75034, USA
| | - Kevin Zhu
- Ayass Bioscience, LLC, 8501 Wade Blvd, Bldg 9, Frisco, TX, 75034, USA
| | | | - Lina Abi-Mosleh
- Ayass Bioscience, LLC, 8501 Wade Blvd, Bldg 9, Frisco, TX, 75034, USA.
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COVID-19 Vaccination Did Not Increase the Risk of Potentially Related Serious Adverse Events: 18-Month Cohort Study in an Italian Province. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010031. [PMID: 36679876 PMCID: PMC9861956 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This cohort study on the entire population of an Italian Province assessed the incidence of potentially vaccine-related serious adverse events (PVR-SAEs) by COVID-19 vaccination status. From January 2021 to July 2022, we extracted all deaths and hospitalizations due to several cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis from National Healthcare System official data. During the follow-up, 5743 individuals died, and 2097 were hospitalized for PVR-SAEs. Vaccinated subjects (n = 259,821) did not show an increased risk of all-cause death, non-COVID death, or any PVR-SAEs, as compared to the unvaccinated (n = 56,494). These results were consistent across genders, age-classes, vaccine types, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status and did not vary in Cox models adjusting for age, gender, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and selected comorbidities. In the infected population, any dose of vaccine was associated with a lower likelihood of death and PVR-SAE. In the uninfected population, subjects who received one or two doses showed a significantly higher incidence of most outcomes, likely due to a large selection bias introduced by the Italian restriction policies targeting uninfected subjects who received less than three doses. In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccination was not associated with an increase of mortality or selected PVR-SAEs incidence. Further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Terning G, Brun EC, El-Thalji I. The Patient Flow Effect of Pandemic Policies: A Hybrid Simulation Study in a Norwegian Emergency Department. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010001. [PMID: 36611461 PMCID: PMC9818521 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic required several interventions within emergency departments, complicating the patient flow. This study explores the effect of intervention policies on patient flow in emergency departments under pandemic conditions. The patient flow interventions under evaluation here are the addition of extra treatment rooms and the addition of a waiting zone. A predeveloped hybrid simulation model was used to conduct five scenarios: (1) pre-pandemic patient flow, (2) patient flow with a 20% contamination rate, (3) adding extra treatment rooms to patient flow, (4) adding a waiting zone to the patient flow, (5) adding extra treatment rooms and a waiting zone to the patient flow. Experiments were examined based on multiple patient flow metrics incorporated into the model. Running the scenarios showed that introducing the extra treatment rooms improved all the patient flow parameters. Adding the waiting zone further improved only the contaminated patient flow parameters. Still, the benefit of achieving this must be weighed against the disadvantage for ordinary patients. Introducing the waiting zone in addition to the extra treatment room has one positive effect, decreasing time that the treatment rooms are blocked for contaminated patients entering the treatment room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaute Terning
- Department of Safety, Economics, and Planning, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Eric Christian Brun
- Department of Safety, Economics, and Planning, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Idriss El-Thalji
- Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering and Materials Science, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
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Omicron BA.2.75 Sublineage (Centaurus) Follows the Expectations of the Evolution Theory: Less Negative Gibbs Energy of Biosynthesis Indicates Decreased Pathogenicity. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the group of RNA viruses with a pronounced tendency to mutate. Omicron BA.2.75 is a subvariant believed to be able to suppress the currently dominant BA.5 and cause a new winter wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Omicron BA.2.75 is characterized by a greater infectivity compared to earlier Omicron variants. However, the Gibbs energy of the biosynthesis of virus particles is slightly less negative compared to those of other variants. Thus, the multiplication rate of Omicron BA.2.75 is lower than that of other SARS-CoV-2 variants. This leads to slower accumulation of newly formed virions and less damage to host cells, indicating evolution of SARS-CoV-2 toward decreasing pathogenicity.
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Li Q, Liu X, Li L, Hu X, Cui G, Sun R, Zhang D, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Shen S, He P, Li S, Liu Y, Yu Z, Ren Z. Comparison of clinical characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and Delta variant infections in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:944909. [PMID: 36313994 PMCID: PMC9597612 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.944909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The continued 'evolution' of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the emergence of the Omicron variant after the Delta variant, resulting in a significant increase in the number of people with COVID-19. This increase in the number of cases continues to have a significant impact on lives. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the clinical characteristics of Omicron infection is essential. Methods Using medical charts, we extracted clinical information for 384 patients infected with the Omicron variant in Anyang City, Henan Province, China. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics were compared with a cohort of people infected with the Delta variant in Zhengzhou in 2021. Findings Common initial symptoms at onset of illness were cough [240 (63%)], expectoration [112 (29%)], fever [96 (25%)], nasal congestion [96 (25%)] and myalgia or fatigue [30 (6%)]. In patients with the Omicron variant, levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and creatinine increased in 52 (14%), 36 (9%) and 58 (15%) patients, respectively, compared with patients with the Delta variant [one (1%), one (1%) and two (2%)]. Levels of triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein also increased. In patients with the Omicron variant, the levels of specific gravity and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were increased in 115 (30%) and 81 (21%) patients, and serum levels of complement 3 decreased in 93 (41%). Results Compared with patients infected with Delta, no major differences in initial clinical symptoms were identified in patients infected with Omicron. However, dyslipidemia and kidney injury were much more severe in patients with the Omicron variant, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was increased. Due to decreased levels of complement 3, the immunity of patients with the Omicron variant was weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ranran Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Juan Li
- Anyang City Fifth People’s Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Anyang City Fifth People’s Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Anyang City Fifth People’s Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zujiang Yu,
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Zhigang Ren,
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Acuti Martellucci C, Flacco ME, Martellucci M, Violante FS, Manzoli L. Inhaled CO 2 Concentration While Wearing Face Masks: A Pilot Study Using Capnography. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221123573. [PMID: 36133777 PMCID: PMC9483963 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221123573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Face masks are recommended based on the assumption that they protect against SARS-CoV-2 transmission, however studies on their potential side effects are still lacking. We aimed to evaluate the inhaled air carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, when wearing masks. Methods We measured end-tidal CO2 using professional side-stream capnography, with water-removing tubing, (1) without masks, (2) wearing a surgical mask, and (3) wearing a FFP2 respirator (for 5 minutes each while seated after 10 minutes of rest), in 146 healthy volunteers aged 10 to 90 years, from the general population of Ferrara, Italy. The inhaled air CO2 concentration was computed as: ([mask volume × end-tidal CO2] + [tidal volume - mask volume] × ambient air CO2)/tidal volume. Results With surgical masks, the mean CO2 concentration was 7091 ± 2491 ppm in children, 4835 ± 869 in adults, and 4379 ± 978 in the elderly. With FFP2 respirators, this concentration was 13 665 ± 3655 in children, 8502 ± 1859 in adults, and 9027 ± 1882 in the elderly. The proportion showing a CO2 concentration higher than the 5000 ppm (8-hour average) acceptable threshold for workers was 41.1% with surgical masks, and 99.3% with FFP2 respirators. Adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and smoking, the inhaled air CO2 concentration significantly increased with increasing respiratory rate (mean 10 837 ±3712 ppm among participants ⩾18 breaths/minute, with FFP2 respirators), and among the minors. Conclusion If these results are confirmed, the current guidelines on mask-wearing should be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Elena Flacco
- Department of Environmental and
Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mosè Martellucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery,
University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Violante
- Occupational Health Unit, Sant’Orsola
Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical
Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Wang T, Cao Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Man CH, Yang Y, Chen L, Xu S, Yan X, Zheng Q, Wang Y. COVID-19 metabolism: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e157. [PMID: 35958432 PMCID: PMC9363584 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dysregulates antiviral signaling, immune response, and cell metabolism in human body. Viral genome and proteins hijack host metabolic network to support viral biogenesis and propagation. However, the regulatory mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced metabolic dysfunction has not been elucidated until recently. Multiomic studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revealed an intensive interaction between host metabolic regulators and viral proteins. SARS-CoV-2 deregulated cellular metabolism in blood, intestine, liver, pancreas, fat, and immune cells. Host metabolism supported almost every stage of viral lifecycle. Strikingly, viral proteins were found to interact with metabolic enzymes in different cellular compartments. Biochemical and genetic assays also identified key regulatory nodes and metabolic dependencies of viral replication. Of note, cholesterol metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism are broadly involved in viral lifecycle. Here, we summarized the current understanding of the hallmarks of COVID-19 metabolism. SARS-CoV-2 infection remodels host cell metabolism, which in turn modulates viral biogenesis and replication. Remodeling of host metabolism creates metabolic vulnerability of SARS-CoV-2 replication, which could be explored to uncover new therapeutic targets. The efficacy of metabolic inhibitors against COVID-19 is under investigation in several clinical trials. Ultimately, the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2-induced metabolic reprogramming would accelerate drug repurposing or screening to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Bai Jia Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Zihao Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterKey Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiShanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyCancer Instituteand The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismMinistry of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Cheuk Him Man
- Division of HematologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityNational Center for Neurological DisordersShanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural RegenerationNeurosurgical Institute of Fudan UniversityShanghai Clinical Medical Center of NeurosurgeryShanghaiChina
| | - Shuangnian Xu
- Department of HematologySouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Quan Zheng
- Center for Single‐Cell OmicsSchool of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Ping Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterKey Laboratory of Breast Cancer in ShanghaiShanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyCancer Instituteand The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismMinistry of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
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32
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Bigay J, Le Grand R, Martinon F, Maisonnasse P. Vaccine-associated enhanced disease in humans and animal models: Lessons and challenges for vaccine development. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:932408. [PMID: 36033843 PMCID: PMC9399815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fight against infectious diseases calls for the development of safe and effective vaccines that generate long-lasting protective immunity. In a few situations, vaccine-mediated immune responses may have led to exacerbated pathology upon subsequent infection with the pathogen targeted by the vaccine. Such vaccine-associated enhanced disease (VAED) has been reported, or at least suspected, in animal models, and in a few instances in humans, for vaccine candidates against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), measles virus (MV), dengue virus (DENV), HIV-1, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Although alleviated by clinical and epidemiological evidence, a number of concerns were also initially raised concerning the short- and long-term safety of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is causing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Although the mechanisms leading to this phenomenon are not yet completely understood, the individual and/or collective role of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), complement-dependent enhancement, and cell-dependent enhancement have been highlighted. Here, we review mechanisms that may be associated with the risk of VAED, which are important to take into consideration, both in the assessment of vaccine safety and in finding ways to define models and immunization strategies that can alleviate such concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frédéric Martinon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud-INSERM U1184, CEA, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
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Molchanov VS, Shibaev AV, Karamov EV, Larichev VF, Kornilaeva GV, Fedyakina IT, Turgiev AS, Philippova OE, Khokhlov AR. Antiseptic Polymer-Surfactant Complexes with Long-Lasting Activity against SARS-CoV-2. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2444. [PMID: 35746017 PMCID: PMC9228194 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiseptic polymer gel-surfactant complexes were prepared by incorporating the low-molecular-weight cationic disinfectant cetylpyridinium chloride into the oppositely charged, slightly cross-linked polymer matrices. Three types of polymers were used: copolymers of acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate; copolymers of acrylamide and sodium methacrylate; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and sodium methacrylate. It was shown that the rate of the release of the cationic disinfectant from the oppositely charged polymer gels could be tuned in a fairly broad range by varying the concentration of the disinfectant, the degree of swelling, and degree of cross-linking of the gel and the content/type of anionic repeat units in the polymer matrix. Polymer-surfactant complexes were demonstrated to reduce SARS-CoV-2 titer by seven orders of magnitude in as little as 5 s. The complexes retained strong virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 for at least one week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav S. Molchanov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.M.); (A.V.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Andrey V. Shibaev
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.M.); (A.V.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Eduard V. Karamov
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Ministry of Health, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.K.); (V.F.L.); (G.V.K.); (I.T.F.); (A.S.T.)
- National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Russian Ministry of Health, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor F. Larichev
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Ministry of Health, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.K.); (V.F.L.); (G.V.K.); (I.T.F.); (A.S.T.)
| | - Galina V. Kornilaeva
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Ministry of Health, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.K.); (V.F.L.); (G.V.K.); (I.T.F.); (A.S.T.)
| | - Irina T. Fedyakina
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Ministry of Health, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.K.); (V.F.L.); (G.V.K.); (I.T.F.); (A.S.T.)
| | - Ali S. Turgiev
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Ministry of Health, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.K.); (V.F.L.); (G.V.K.); (I.T.F.); (A.S.T.)
- National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Russian Ministry of Health, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga E. Philippova
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.M.); (A.V.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Alexei R. Khokhlov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.M.); (A.V.S.); (A.R.K.)
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Immunosuppressant Therapies in COVID-19: Is the TNF Axis an Alternative? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050616. [PMID: 35631442 PMCID: PMC9147078 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of cytokine storm in COVID-19 has been having different edges in accordance with the knowledge of the disease. Various cytokines have been the focus, especially to define specific treatments; however, there are no conclusive results that fully support any of the options proposed for emergency treatment. One of the cytokines that requires a more exhaustive review is the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors (TNFRs) as increased values of soluble formats for both TNFR1 and TNFR2 have been identified. TNF is a versatile cytokine with different impacts at the cellular level depending on the action form (transmembrane or soluble) and the receptor to which it is associated. In that sense, the triggered mechanisms can be diversified. Furthermore, there is the possibility of the joint action provided by synergism between one or more cytokines with TNF, where the detonation of combined cellular processes has been suggested. This review aims to discuss some roles of TNF and its receptors in the pro-inflammatory stage of COVID-19, understand its ways of action, and let to reposition this cytokine or some of its receptors as therapeutic targets.
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Guo D, Duan H, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Hu J, Shi H. Omicron-included mutation-induced changes in epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and effectiveness assessments of current antibodies. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:12. [PMID: 35461370 PMCID: PMC9034971 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading globally and continues to rage, posing a serious threat to human health and life quality. Antibody therapy and vaccines both have shown great efficacy in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, whose development progress and adaptation range have attracted wide attention. However, with the emergence of variant strains of SARS-CoV-2, the neutralization activity of therapeutic or vaccine-induced antibodies may be reduced, requiring long-term virus monitoring and drug upgrade in response to its evolution. In this paper, conformational changes including continuous epitopes (CPs), discontinuous epitopes (DPs) and recognition interfaces of the three representative SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) mutants (i.e., the Delta (B.1.617.2), Mu (B.1.621) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) strains), were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of current mainstream antibodies. The results showed that the conformation of SP wild type (WT) and mutants both remained stable, while the local antigenic epitopes underwent significant changes. Sufficient flexibility of SP CPs is critical for effective antibody recognition. The DPs of Delta, Mu and Omicron variants have showed stronger binding to human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) than WT; the possible drug resistance mechanisms of antibodies against three different epitopes (i.e., NTD_DP, RBD1_DP and RBD2_DP) were also proposed, respectively; the RBD2 of Delta, NTD of Mu, NTD and RBD2 of Omicron are deserve more attention in the subsequent design of next-generation vaccines. The simulation results not only revealed structural characteristics of SP antigenic epitopes, but also provided guidance for antibody modification, vaccine design and effectiveness evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Guo
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huaichuan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yueteng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Hubing Shi
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in the General Population of an Italian Region before and during the Omicron Wave. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050662. [PMID: 35632418 PMCID: PMC9146679 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a cohort analysis of the entire population of Abruzzo, Italy, to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against infection, COVID-19 hospitalization or death, over time and during the Omicron wave. All resident or domiciled subjects were included, and official vaccination, COVID-19, demographic, hospital and co-pay exemption datasets were extracted up to 18 February 2022. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, major cardio- and cerebrovascular events, COPD, kidney diseases, and cancer. During the follow-up (average 244 days), 252,365 subjects received three vaccine doses (of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, mRNA-1273 or JNJ-78436735), 684,860 two doses, 29,401 one dose, and 313,068 no dose. Overall, 13.4% of the individuals were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 170,761); 1.1% of them had severe COVID-19, and 0.6% died. Compared with the unvaccinated, those receiving two or three vaccine doses showed an 80% to 90% lower risk of COVID-19 hospitalization or death. Protection decreased during the Omicron wave and six months after the last dose, but it remained substantial. Lethal disease was uncommon during the Omicron wave and in the young population, even among the unvaccinated. Some of the current policies may need a re-evaluation in light of these findings. The results from the Omicron wave will inevitably require confirmation.
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Sukmarini L. Antiviral Peptides (AVPs) of Marine Origin as Propitious Therapeutic Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Human Viruses. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092619. [PMID: 35565968 PMCID: PMC9101517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment presents a favorable avenue for potential therapeutic agents as a reservoir of new bioactive natural products. Due to their numerous potential pharmacological effects, marine-derived natural products—particularly marine peptides—have gained considerable attention. These peptides have shown a broad spectrum of biological functions, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, and analgesic effects. The emergence of new virus strains and viral resistance leads to continuing efforts to develop more effective antiviral drugs. Interestingly, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that possess antiviral properties and are alternatively regarded as antiviral peptides (AVPs) demonstrate vast potential as alternative peptide-based drug candidates available for viral infection treatments. Hence, AVPs obtained from various marine organisms have been evaluated. This brief review features recent updates of marine-derived AVPs from 2011 to 2021. Moreover, the biosynthesis of this class of compounds and their possible mechanisms of action are also discussed. Selected peptides from various marine organisms possessing antiviral activities against important human viruses—such as human immunodeficiency viruses, herpes simplex viruses, influenza viruses, hepatitis C virus, and coronaviruses—are highlighted herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sukmarini
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
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Petrov A, De Glee Romera JP, Wilbring M, Alexiou K, Kappert U, Matschke KE, Tugtekin SM. Aortic Thrombosis following COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 70:323-332. [PMID: 35108736 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial and venous thromboses associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been well described. These events are caused by a hypercoagulable state due to endotheliopathy and infection-driven coagulopathy. There has been an ever-increasing number of documented cases of aortic thrombosis (AoT) in COVID-19 patients. We conducted a systematic review of current scientific literature to identify and consolidate evidence of AoT in COVID-19 patients. METHODS A systematic review of literature was conducted between March 15, 2020, and May 1, 2021, on PubMed and Cochrane databases. Additionally, a case from our facility was included. RESULTS A total of 38 studies (12 case series and 26 case reports) and a case from our facility describing AoT in 56 COVID-19 patients were included. Patients were aged 64.8 ± 10.5 years, were predominantly male (75%), and had several comorbidities. AoT was symptomatic in 82,14% of patients; however, when D dimers were reported, they were significantly elevated even in otherwise asymptomatic patients. Most patients had no previous history of aortic disease. Thrombosis was described in all parts of the aorta, with several cases reporting multiple locations. The median reported time until development of AoT was 10 days. Peripheral thrombosis occurred in 73.21% of cases, most commonly causing lower limb ischemia. Mortality rate was 30.4%. CONCLUSIONS AoT can occur with no clinical symptoms or as a primary symptom in otherwise asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. D dimers are a highly sensitive diagnostic tool. Diagnosis of this condition prior to development of complications could be instrumental in saving many lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asen Petrov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Wilbring
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantin Alexiou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Utz Kappert
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sems-Malte Tugtekin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Shuipys T, Montazeri N. Optimized Protocols for the Propagation and Quantification of Infectious Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV-A59) Using NCTC Clone 1469 and 929 Cells. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:5. [PMID: 35076547 PMCID: PMC8788426 DOI: 10.3390/mps5010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) is a non-human pathogen betacoronavirus that is evolutionarily and structurally related to the human pathogenic viruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. However, unlike the human SARS and MERS viruses, MHV requires a biosafety level 2 laboratory for propagating and safe handling, making it a potentially suitable surrogate virus. Despite this utility, few papers discussed the propagation and quantification of MHV using cell lines readily available in biorepositories making their implementations not easily reproducible. This article provides protocols for propagating and quantifying MHV-A59 using the recommended NCTC clone 1469 and clone 929 cell lines from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). More specifically, the methods detail reviving cells, routine cell passaging, preparing freeze stocks, infection of NCTC clone 1469 with MHV and subsequent harvesting, and plaque assay quantification of MHV using NCTC clone 929 cells. Using these protocols, a BSL-2 laboratory equipped for cell culture work would generate at least 6.0 log plaque-forming units (PFU) per mL of MHV lysate and provide an optimized overlay assay using either methylcellulose or agarose as overlays for the titration of infectious virus particles. The protocols described here are intended to be utilized for persistence and inactivation studies of coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naim Montazeri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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Acuti Martellucci C, Flacco ME, Martellucci M, Violante FS, Manzoli L. Inhaled CO 2 Concentration While Wearing Face Masks: A Pilot Study Using Capnography. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022. [PMID: 36133777 DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.10.22274813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Face masks are recommended based on the assumption that they protect against SARS-CoV-2 transmission, however studies on their potential side effects are still lacking. We aimed to evaluate the inhaled air carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, when wearing masks. METHODS We measured end-tidal CO2 using professional side-stream capnography, with water-removing tubing, (1) without masks, (2) wearing a surgical mask, and (3) wearing a FFP2 respirator (for 5 minutes each while seated after 10 minutes of rest), in 146 healthy volunteers aged 10 to 90 years, from the general population of Ferrara, Italy. The inhaled air CO2 concentration was computed as: ([mask volume × end-tidal CO2] + [tidal volume - mask volume] × ambient air CO2)/tidal volume. RESULTS With surgical masks, the mean CO2 concentration was 7091 ± 2491 ppm in children, 4835 ± 869 in adults, and 4379 ± 978 in the elderly. With FFP2 respirators, this concentration was 13 665 ± 3655 in children, 8502 ± 1859 in adults, and 9027 ± 1882 in the elderly. The proportion showing a CO2 concentration higher than the 5000 ppm (8-hour average) acceptable threshold for workers was 41.1% with surgical masks, and 99.3% with FFP2 respirators. Adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and smoking, the inhaled air CO2 concentration significantly increased with increasing respiratory rate (mean 10 837 ±3712 ppm among participants ⩾18 breaths/minute, with FFP2 respirators), and among the minors. CONCLUSION If these results are confirmed, the current guidelines on mask-wearing should be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Elena Flacco
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mosè Martellucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Violante
- Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Brindangnanam P, Sawant AR, Prashanth K, Coumar MS. Bacterial effluxome as a barrier against antimicrobial agents: structural biology aspects and drug targeting. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:2013695. [PMID: 34957912 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.2013695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is fast becoming a medical crisis affecting the entire global population. The bacterial membrane is the first layer of defense for the bacteria against antimicrobial agents (AMA), specifically transporters in the membrane efflux these AMA out of the bacteria and plays a significant role in the AMR development. Understanding the structure and the functions of these efflux transporters is essential to overcome AMR. This review discusses efflux transporters (primary, secondary, and tripartite), their domain architectures, substrate specificities, and efflux pump inhibitors (EPI). Special emphasis on nosocomial ESKAPEE (Enterococcus faecium., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli) pathogens, their multidrug efflux targets and inhibitors are discussed. Deep knowledge about the functioning of efflux pumps and their structural aspects will open up opportunities for developing new EPI, which could be used along with AMA as combination therapy to overcome the emerging AMR crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pownraj Brindangnanam
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Ajit Ramesh Sawant
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - K Prashanth
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Mohane Selvaraj Coumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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The effectiveness of commercial household ultraviolet C germicidal devices in Thailand. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23859. [PMID: 34903815 PMCID: PMC8668883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet C (UVC), or ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), is known for its effective air, water, and surface disinfectant properties. With the rise of global awareness about public sanitation and personal hygiene due to the emergence of the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, several applications of UVC were introduced to the commercial market. The present experimental study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of commercial household UVC germicidal devices for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivation. Ten UVC devices were included in the study comprising of 7 low-pressure mercury lamps (LPMLs) and 3 UVC- light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Considering applications, 3 were handheld UVGI surface disinfection equipment, 4 were UVGI disinfection chambers, and 3 were movable UVGI air and surface purifiers. To determine SARS-CoV-2 inactivation performance, UVC irradiance (mW/cm2) was measured 3 times repeatedly at distance and duration corresponding to manufacturers’ usage instructions. The required UVC dosage could not be achieved by either of UVC-LED devices (1 handheld UVGI surface disinfection equipment and 2 UVGI disinfection chambers). Five of seven LPMLs can sufficiently emit UVC irradiance for SARS-CoV-2-inactivation. A lack of standardization in the distance and cycle duration for each UVC application was observed. Standard usage guidelines for UVC devices are required to improve the effectiveness of UVC irradiance for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation as well as to minimize the potential side effects of UVC.
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Abstract
Since the outbreak in late December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread across the globe, causing great damage to human life and property. A lot of researchers around the world have devoted themselves to the study of its origin, pathogenic mechanism, and transmission route, and this article gives a summary. First, both humans and animals can act as the host of coronavirus. In indoor environments, the virus may exist in aerosols, droplets, saliva, etc., from the nose and mouth connected to the respiratory system, as well as feces, urine, etc., from the digestive and urinary systems. In addition, other substances, such as breast milk, eye feces, and blood, released from the host can carry viruses. The virus transmitted indoors is affected by indoor machinery, natural forces, and human activities, and spreads in different distances. Second, the virus spreads outdoors through three kinds of media: solid, liquid, and gas, and is affected by their survival time, the temperature, and humidity in the environment.
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Haussner W, DeRosa AP, Haussner D, Tran J, Torres-Lavoro J, Kamler J, Shah K. COVID-19 associated myocarditis: A systematic review. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 51:150-155. [PMID: 34739868 PMCID: PMC8531234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most COVID-19 infections result in a viral syndrome characterized by fever, cough, shortness of breath, and myalgias. A small but significant proportion of patients develop severe COVID-19 resulting in respiratory failure. Many of these patients also develop multi-organ dysfunction as a byproduct of their critical illness. Although heart failure can be a part of this, there also appears to be a subset of patients who have primary cardiac collapse from COVID-19. Objective Conduct a systematic review of COVID-19-associated myocarditis, including clinical presentation, risk factors, and prognosis. Discussion Our review demonstrates two distinct etiologies of primary acute heart failure in surprisingly equal incidence in patients with COVID-19: viral myocarditis and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. COVID myocarditis, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and severe COVID-19 can be clinically indistinguishable. All can present with dyspnea and evidence of cardiac injury, although in myocarditis and Takotsubo this is due to primary cardiac dysfunction as compared to respiratory failure in severe COVID-19. Conclusion COVID-19-associated myocarditis differs from COVID-19 respiratory failure by an early shock state. However, not all heart failure from COVID-19 is from direct viral infection; some patient's develop takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Regardless of etiology, steroids may be a beneficial treatment, similar to other critically ill COVID-19 patients. Evidence of cardiac injury in the form of ECG changes or elevated troponin in patients with COVID-19 should prompt providers to consider concurrent myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Haussner
- New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Antonio P DeRosa
- Samuel J. Wood Library & C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, 1305 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Danielle Haussner
- New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Tran
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jane Torres-Lavoro
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Emergency Medicine, 525 East 68(th) Street, Box 179, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jonathan Kamler
- New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Kaushal Shah
- New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Danabal KGM, Magesh SS, Saravanan S, Gopichandran V. Attitude towards COVID 19 vaccines and vaccine hesitancy in urban and rural communities in Tamil Nadu, India - a community based survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:994. [PMID: 34548088 PMCID: PMC8453251 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective and safe COVID 19 vaccines have been approved for emergency use since the end of 2020 and countries are actively vaccinating their people. Nevertheless, hesitancy towards the vaccines exist globally. OBJECTIVES We conducted this study to understand the attitudes towards COVID 19 vaccines and hesitancy to accept it among urban and rural communities in Tamil Nadu, India. METHODS We conducted a community based cross sectional study in urban and rural communities among 564 persons who had not been vaccinated yet, selected through multistage random sampling. The vaccine attitude scale (VAX) was used to measure attitudes towards the vaccines and their acceptance of the vaccine was captured by responses to a direct question. RESULTS More than 50% of the respondents had positive attitudes towards the COVID 19 vaccines. Based on their attitudes, they were segmented into four clusters, first with preference for natural immunity compared to vaccines and low concern regarding adverse effects. Second with high level of trust in vaccines and low mistrust. The third cluster members had high level of concern regarding the adverse effects and low levels of mistrust in vaccines and the fourth had high trust in vaccines and low preference for natural immunity. Older individuals with higher education and occupation were more likely to belong to cluster four with high trust in the vaccines. Younger individuals, women, rural residents, belonging to low income labourer class were highly mistrusting of the vaccines. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 40.7% (95% CI - 36.67 - 44.73%), while 19.5% (95% CI = 16.23 - 22.77%) of the respondents were vaccine deniers. While vaccine acceptance was greatest in cluster 1, it was least in cluster 3. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine hesitancy was high in urban and rural Tamil Nadu. The population could be effectively segmented into groups based on their attitudes and this understanding can be used to develop targeted behaviour change communication campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Grace Mascarenhas Danabal
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, KK Nagar, Chennai, 600078, India
| | - Shiva Shankar Magesh
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, KK Nagar, Chennai, 600078, India
| | - Siddharth Saravanan
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, KK Nagar, Chennai, 600078, India
| | - Vijayaprasad Gopichandran
- Department of Community Medicine, Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, KK Nagar, Chennai, 600078, India.
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Zia M, Muhammad S, Shafiq-urRehman, Bibi S, Abbasi SW, Al-Sehemi AG, Chaudhary AR, Bai FQ. Exploring the potential of novel phenolic compounds as potential therapeutic candidates against SARS-CoV-2, using quantum chemistry, molecular docking and dynamic studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 43:128079. [PMID: 33940136 PMCID: PMC8087859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 protein (A and B chains of nsp13) with different recently synthesized phenolic compounds (Sreenivasulu et al., Synthetic Communications, 2020, 112-122) has been studied. The interactions have been investigated by using molecular docking, quantum chemical and molecular dynamics simulations methods. The molecular structures of all the ligands are studied quantum chemically in terms of their optimized structures, 3-D orbital distributions, global chemical descriptors, molecular electrostatic potential plots and HOMO-LUMO orbital energies. All the ligands show reasonably good binding affinities with nsp-13 protein. The ligand L2 shows to have better binding affinities to Chain A and Chain B of nsp13 protein, which are -6.7 and -6.4 kcal/mol. The study of intermolecular interactions indicates that L2 shows different hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions with both chains. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulations of the nsp13-L2 complex are obtained over a time scale of 60 ns, which indicates its stability and flexibility behavior as assessed in terms of its RMSD and RMSF graphs. The ADMET analysis also shows no violation of Lipinski rule (RO5) by studied phenolic compounds. We believe that the current findings will be further confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies of these recent phenolic compounds for their potential as inhibitors for SARS-Co-V-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimoona Zia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiq-urRehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shamsa Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhary
- Department of Physics, Collehge of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, P.O. Box 551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fu Quan Bai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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Nedelcu I, Jipa R, Vasilescu R, Băicuș C, Popescu CI, Manea E, Stoichițoiu LE, Pinte L, Damalan A, Simulescu O, Stoica I, Stoica M, Hristea A. Long-Term Longitudinal Evaluation of Six Commercial Immunoassays for the Detection of IgM and IgG Antibodies against SARS CoV-2. Viruses 2021; 13:1244. [PMID: 34206895 PMCID: PMC8310110 DOI: 10.3390/v13071244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 has skyrocketed in the past year. Concerns have been raised regarding their performance characteristics, depending on the disease severity and the time of the analysis post-symptom onset (PSO). Thus, independent validations using an unbiased sample selection are required for meaningful serology data interpretation. We aimed to assess the clinical performance of six commercially available assays, the seroconversion, and the dynamics of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study included 528 serum samples from 156 patients with follow-up visits up to six months PSO and 161 serum samples from healthy people. The IgG/total antibodies positive percentage increased and remained above 95% after six months when chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) IgG antiS1/S2 and electro-chemiluminescent assay (ECLIA) total antiNP were used. At early time points PSO, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) IgM antiS achieved the best sensitivity. IgM and IgG appear simultaneously in most circumstances, and when performed in parallel the sensitivity increases. The severe and the moderate clinical forms were significantly associated with higher seropositivity percentage and antibody levels. High specificity was found in all evaluated assays, but the sensitivity was variable depending on the time PSO, severity of disease, detection method and targeted antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Nedelcu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases Adults 4, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Raluca Jipa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases Adults 4, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Roxana Vasilescu
- Medlife Laboratory, 365 Calea Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania; (R.V.); (O.S.); (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Cristian Băicuș
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Street, 72202 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Costin-Ioan Popescu
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eliza Manea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases Adults 4, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Laura E. Stoichițoiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Street, 72202 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Larisa Pinte
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Street, 72202 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Damalan
- Department of Infectious Diseases Adults 4, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Oana Simulescu
- Medlife Laboratory, 365 Calea Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania; (R.V.); (O.S.); (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Irina Stoica
- Medlife Laboratory, 365 Calea Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania; (R.V.); (O.S.); (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Madalina Stoica
- Medlife Laboratory, 365 Calea Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania; (R.V.); (O.S.); (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Adriana Hristea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.N.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (L.P.); (A.H.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases Adults 4, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
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Flacco ME, Soldato G, Acuti Martellucci C, Carota R, Di Luzio R, Caponetti A, Manzoli L. Interim Estimates of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in a Mass Vaccination Setting: Data from an Italian Province. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:628. [PMID: 34200538 PMCID: PMC8227269 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study compared the rates of virologically-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, symptomatic or lethal COVID-19 among the residents of the Italian province of Pescara who received one or two doses of COVID-19 vaccines, versus the unvaccinated. The official data of the National Health System were used, and a total of 69,539 vaccinated adults were compared with 175,687 unvaccinated. Among the subjects who received at least one vaccine dose, 85 infections (0.12%), 18 severe and 3 lethal COVID-19 cases were recorded after an average follow-up of 38 days. Among the unvaccinated, the numbers were 6948 (4.00%), 933 (0.53%) and 241 (0.14%), respectively. The serious adverse event reports-yet unconfirmed-were 24 out of 102,394 administered doses. In a Cox model, adjusting for age, gender, and selected comorbidities, the effectiveness of either BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or mRNA-1273 vaccines was higher than 95% in preventing infections (mostly due to B.1.1.7 variant), symptomatic or lethal COVID-19. No differences were observed across genders, and among the 691 subjects who received the second dose of vaccine later than the recommended date. Although preliminary, these findings support current immunization policies and may help reducing vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Flacco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.E.F.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Graziella Soldato
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (R.C.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Roberto Carota
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (R.C.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Rossano Di Luzio
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (R.C.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Caponetti
- Local Health Unit of Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy; (G.S.); (R.C.); (R.D.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.E.F.); (C.A.M.)
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Negrut N, Codrean A, Hodisan I, Bungau S, Tit DM, Marin R, Behl T, Banica F, Diaconu CC, Nistor-Cseppento DC. Efficiency of antiviral treatment in COVID-19. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:648. [PMID: 33968179 PMCID: PMC8097236 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is responsible for generating a global effort to discover urgent therapeutic solutions to limit the human damage caused by COVID-19. In the period of April to June 2020, 105 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 met the conditions for inclusion in the present study. They were treated with antiviral therapy according to local guidelines: D group (53 cases), treated with darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r); and K group (52 cases), treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Patients from the K group required 7.5 days of hospitalization less compared to those from the D group (P<0.001). The blood oxygen saturation values recorded in the groups were statistically different [K group (94.02±3.12%) vs. D group (92.13±4.24%), P=0.010]. The percentage of patients with unsatisfactory clinical evolution were non-significantly higher in the D group compared with the K group [20 (37.74%) vs. 12 (23.08%), P=0.157]. We did not note statistically significant differences between the two groups tracked considering the values for the Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS) of the patients with unsatisfactory clinical evolution, nor of the chest CT' evolution after 10 days of therapy. We did not register significant adverse effects after antiviral therapy in the two groups. Antiviral therapy with LPV/r had some favorable results compared to DRV/r in patients with COVID-19. Both therapies were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Negrut
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Adriana Codrean
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioana Hodisan
- Department of infectious Diseases, ‘Gavril Curteanu’ Municipal Hospital Oradea, 410469 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Marin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India
| | - Florin Banica
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Camelia C. Diaconu
- Department 5, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppento
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Gios L, Crema Falceri G, Micocci S, Patil L, Testa S, Sforzin S, Turra E, Conforti D, Malfatti G, Moz M, Nicolini A, Guarda P, Bacchiega A, Mion C, Marchesoni M, Maimone R, Molini PB, Zanella A, Osmani V, Mayora-Ibarra O, Forti S. Use of eHealth Platforms and Apps to Support Monitoring and Management of Home-Quarantined Patients With COVID-19 in the Province of Trento, Italy: App Development and Implementation. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e25713. [PMID: 33909586 PMCID: PMC8168637 DOI: 10.2196/25713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Italy was the first country to largely experience the COVID-19 epidemic among other Western countries during the so-called first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Proper management of an increasing number of home-quarantined individuals created a significant challenge for health care authorities and professionals. This was especially true when considering the importance of remote surveillance to detect signs of disease progression and consequently regulate access to hospitals and intensive care units on a priority basis. Objective In this paper, we report on an initiative promoted to cope with the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Spring/Summer of 2020, in the Autonomous Province of Trento, Italy. A purposefully built app named TreCovid19 was designed to provide dedicated health care staff with a ready-to-use tool for remotely monitoring patients with progressive symptoms of COVID-19, who were home-quarantined during the first wave of the epidemic, and to focus on those patients who, based on their self-reported clinical data, required a quick response from health care professionals. Methods TreCovid19 was rapidly developed to facilitate the monitoring of a selected number of home-quarantined patients with COVID-19 during the very first epidemic wave. The app was built on top of an existing eHealth platform, already in use by the local health authority to provide home care, with the following functionalities: (1) to securely collect and link demographic and clinical information related to the patients and (2) to provide a two-way communication between a multidisciplinary health care team and home-quarantined patients. The system supported patients to self-assess their condition and update the multidisciplinary team on their health status. The system was used between March and June 2020 in the province of Trento. Results A dedicated multidisciplinary group of health care professionals adopted the platform over a period of approximately 3 months (from March-end to June 2020) to monitor a total of 170 patients with confirmed COVID-19 during home quarantine. All patients used the system until the end of the initiative. The TreCovid19 system has provided useful insights of possible viability and impact of a technological–organizational asset to manage a potentially critical workload for the health care staff involved in the periodic monitoring of a relevant number of quarantined patients, notwithstanding its limitations given the rapid implementation of the whole initiative. Conclusions The technological and organizational model adopted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was developed and finalized in a relatively short period during the initial few weeks of the epidemic. The system successfully supported the health care staff involved in the periodic monitoring of an increasing number of home-quarantined patients and provided valuable data in terms of disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gios
- TrentinoSalute4.0 - Competence Center for Digital Health of the Province of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Patil
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | | | - Simona Sforzin
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Ettore Turra
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Malfatti
- TrentinoSalute4.0 - Competence Center for Digital Health of the Province of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Monica Moz
- TrentinoSalute4.0 - Competence Center for Digital Health of the Province of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Nicolini
- TrentinoSalute4.0 - Competence Center for Digital Health of the Province of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Guarda
- Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
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