1
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Khanna A, Oropeza BP, Huang NF. Cardiovascular human organ-on-a-chip platform for disease modeling, drug development, and personalized therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:512-523. [PMID: 37668192 PMCID: PMC11089005 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices are composed of engineered or native functional tissues that are cultured under controlled microenvironments inside microchips. These systems employ microfabrication and tissue engineering techniques to recapitulate human physiology. This review focuses on human OoC systems to model cardiovascular diseases, to perform drug screening, and to advance personalized medicine. We also address the challenges in the generation of organ chips that can revolutionize the large-scale application of these systems for drug development and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beu P. Oropeza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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2
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Araújo-Gomes N, Zambito G, Johnbosco C, Calejo I, Leijten J, Löwik C, Karperien M, Mezzanotte L, Teixeira LM. Bioluminescence imaging on-chip platforms for non-invasive high-content bioimaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115510. [PMID: 37442028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating non-invasive biosensing features in organ-on-chip models is of paramount importance for a wider implementation of these advanced in vitro microfluidic platforms. Optical biosensors, based on Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI), enable continuous, non-invasive, and in-situ imaging of cells, tissues or miniaturized organs without the drawbacks of conventional fluorescence imaging. Here, we report the first-of-its-kind integration and optimization of BLI in microfluidic chips, for non-invasive imaging of multiple biological readouts. The cell line HEK293T-GFP was engineered to express NanoLuc® luciferase under the control of a constitutive promoter and were cultured on-chip in 3D, in standard ECM-like hydrogels, to assess optimal cell detection conditions. Using real-time in-vitro dual-color microscopy, Bioluminescence (BL) and fluorescence (FL) were detectable using distinct imaging setups. Detection of the bioluminescent signals were observed at single cell resolution on-chip 20 min post-addition of Furimazine substrate and under perfusion. All hydrogels enabled BLI with higher signal-to-noise ratios as compared to fluorescence. For instance, agarose gels showed a ∼5-fold greater BL signal over background after injection of the substrate as compared to the FL signal. The use of BLI with microfluidic chip technologies opens up the potential for simultaneous in situ detection with continuous monitoring of multicolor cell reporters. Moreover, this can be achieved in a non-invasive manner. BL has great promise as a highly desirable biosensor for studying organ-on-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Araújo-Gomes
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Zambito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Castro Johnbosco
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Isabel Calejo
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Liliana Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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3
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Fuenteslópez CV, Thompson MS, Ye H. Development and Optimisation of Hydrogel Scaffolds for Microvascular Network Formation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:964. [PMID: 37627849 PMCID: PMC10451297 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, there is limited research on microvascular traumatic injuries. To address this gap, this research aims to develop and optimise an in vitro construct for traumatic injury research at the microvascular level. Tissue engineering constructs were created using a range of polymers (collagen, fibrin, and gelatine), solvents (PBS, serum-free endothelial media, and MES/NaCl buffer), and concentrations (1-5% w/v). Constructs created from these hydrogels and HUVECs were evaluated to identify the optimal composition in terms of cell proliferation, adhesion, migration rate, viability, hydrogel consistency and shape retention, and tube formation. Gelatine hydrogels were associated with a lower cell adhesion, whereas fibrin and collagen ones displayed similar or better results than the control, and collagen hydrogels exhibited poor shape retention; fibrin scaffolds, particularly at high concentrations, displayed good hydrogel consistency. Based on the multipronged evaluation, fibrin hydrogels in serum-free media at 3 and 5% w/v were selected for further experimental work and enabled the formation of interconnected capillary-like networks. The networks formed in both hydrogels displayed a similar architecture in terms of the number of segments (10.3 ± 3.21 vs. 9.6 ± 3.51) and diameter (8.6446 ± 3.0792 μm vs. 7.8599 ± 2.3794 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (C.V.F.); (M.S.T.)
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4
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Dufva M. A quantitative meta-analysis comparing cell models in perfused organ on a chip with static cell cultures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8233. [PMID: 37217582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As many consider organ on a chip for better in vitro models, it is timely to extract quantitative data from the literature to compare responses of cells under flow in chips to corresponding static incubations. Of 2828 screened articles, 464 articles described flow for cell culture and 146 contained correct controls and quantified data. Analysis of 1718 ratios between biomarkers measured in cells under flow and static cultures showed that the in all cell types, many biomarkers were unregulated by flow and only some specific biomarkers responded strongly to flow. Biomarkers in cells from the blood vessels walls, the intestine, tumours, pancreatic island, and the liver reacted most strongly to flow. Only 26 biomarkers were analysed in at least two different articles for a given cell type. Of these, the CYP3A4 activity in CaCo2 cells and PXR mRNA levels in hepatocytes were induced more than two-fold by flow. Furthermore, the reproducibility between articles was low as 52 of 95 articles did not show the same response to flow for a given biomarker. Flow showed overall very little improvements in 2D cultures but a slight improvement in 3D cultures suggesting that high density cell culture may benefit from flow. In conclusion, the gains of perfusion are relatively modest, larger gains are linked to specific biomarkers in certain cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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5
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Shevchuk O, Palii S, Pak A, Chantada N, Seoane N, Korda M, Campos-Toimil M, Álvarez E. Vessel-on-a-Chip: A Powerful Tool for Investigating Endothelial COVID-19 Fingerprints. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091297. [PMID: 37174696 PMCID: PMC10177552 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes various vascular and blood-related reactions, including exacerbated responses. The role of endothelial cells in this acute response is remarkable and may remain important beyond the acute phase. As we move into a post-COVID-19 era (where most people have been or will be infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus), it is crucial to define the vascular consequences of COVID-19, including the long-term effects on the cardiovascular system. Research is needed to determine whether chronic endothelial dysfunction following COVID-19 could lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular and thrombotic events. Endothelial dysfunction could also serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for post-COVID-19. This review covers these topics and examines the potential of emerging vessel-on-a-chip technology to address these needs. Vessel-on-a-chip would allow for the study of COVID-19 pathophysiology in endothelial cells, including the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with endothelial function, leukocyte recruitment, and platelet activation. "Personalization" could be implemented in the models through induced pluripotent stem cells, patient-specific characteristics, or genetic modified cells. Adaptation for massive testing under standardized protocols is now possible, so the chips could be incorporated for the personalized follow-up of the disease or its sequalae (long COVID) and for the research of new drugs against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Shevchuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Palii
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia Pak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Nuria Chantada
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nuria Seoane
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mykhaylo Korda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Lim S, Kim SW, Kim IK, Song BW, Lee S. Organ-on-a-chip: Its use in cardiovascular research. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 83:315-339. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-221428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) has attracted great attention during the last decade as a revolutionary alternative to conventional animal models. This cutting-edge technology has also brought constructive changes to the field of cardiovascular research. The cardiovascular system, especially the heart as a well-protected vital organ, is virtually impossible to replicate in vitro with conventional approaches. This made scientists assume that they needed to use animal models for cardiovascular research. However, the frequent failure of animal models to correctly reflect the native cardiovascular system necessitated a search for alternative platforms for preclinical studies. Hence, as a promising alternative to conventional animal models, OOAC technology is being actively developed and tested in a wide range of biomedical fields, including cardiovascular research. Therefore, in this review, the current literature on the use of OOACs for cardiovascular research is presented with a focus on the basis for using OOACs, and what has been specifically achieved by using OOACs is also discussed. By providing an overview of the current status of OOACs in cardiovascular research and its future perspectives, we hope that this review can help to develop better and optimized research strategies for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as well as identify novel applications of OOACs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Petta D, D'Amora U, D'Arrigo D, Tomasini M, Candrian C, Ambrosio L, Moretti M. Musculoskeletal tissues-on-a-chip: role of natural polymers in reproducing tissue-specific microenvironments. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35931043 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac8767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, 3D in vitro models have been widely employed in the regenerative medicine field. Among them, organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to elucidate cellular mechanism exploiting multichannel microfluidic devices to establish 3D co-culture systems that offer control over the cellular, physico-chemical and biochemical microenvironments. To deliver the most relevant cues to cells, it is of paramount importance to select the most appropriate matrix for mimicking the extracellular matrix of the native tissue. Natural polymers-based hydrogels are the elected candidates for reproducing tissue-specific microenvironments in musculoskeletal tissue-on-a-chip models owning to their interesting and peculiar physico-chemical, mechanical and biological properties. Despite these advantages, there is still a gap between the biomaterials complexity in conventional tissue engineering and the application of these biomaterials in 3D in vitro microfluidic models. In this review, the aim is to suggest the adoption of more suitable biomaterials, alternative crosslinking strategies and tissue engineered-inspired approaches in organ-on-a-chip to better mimic the complexity of physiological musculoskeletal tissues. Accordingly, after giving an overview of the musculoskeletal tissue compositions, the properties of the main natural polymers employed in microfluidic systems are investigated, together with the main musculoskeletal tissues-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Petta
- Regenerative Medicine Technologis Lab, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, Bellinzona, Ticino, 6500, SWITZERLAND
| | - Ugo D'Amora
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54 Mostra d'Oltremare Pad 20, Naples, 80125, ITALY
| | - Daniele D'Arrigo
- Repubblica e Cantone Ticino Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, Bellinzona, Ticino, 6500, SWITZERLAND
| | - Marta Tomasini
- Repubblica e Cantone Ticino Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Francesco chies 5, Bellinzona, Ticino, 6500, SWITZERLAND
| | - Christian Candrian
- Unità di Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, via Tesserete 46, Lugano, 6900, SWITZERLAND
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers Composites and Biomaterials National Research Council, Viale Kennedy, Pozzuoli, Campania, 80078, ITALY
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, Bellinzona, Ticino, 6500, SWITZERLAND
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8
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Vahav I, Thon M, van den Broek LJ, Spiekstra SW, Atac B, Lindner G, Schimek K, Marx U, Gibbs S. Proof-of-Concept Organ-on-Chip Study: Topical Cinnamaldehyde Exposure of Reconstructed Human Skin with Integrated Neopapillae Cultured under Dynamic Flow. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081529. [PMID: 35893784 PMCID: PMC9330995 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care industries require human representative models for testing to ensure the safety of their products. A major route of penetration into our body after substance exposure is via the skin. Our aim was to generate robust culture conditions for a next generation human skin-on-chip model containing neopapillae and to establish proof-of-concept testing with the sensitizer, cinnamaldehyde. Reconstructed human skin consisting of a stratified and differentiated epidermis on a fibroblast populated hydrogel containing neopapillae spheroids (RhS-NP), were cultured air-exposed and under dynamic flow for 10 days. The robustness of three independent experiments, each with up to 21 intra-experiment replicates, was investigated. The epidermis was seen to invaginate into the hydrogel towards the neopapille spheroids. Daily measurements of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose levels within the culture medium demonstrated high viability and stable metabolic activity throughout the culture period in all three independent experiments and in the replicates within an experiment. Topical cinnamaldehyde exposure to RhS-NP resulted in dose-dependent cytotoxicity (increased LDH release) and elevated cytokine secretion of contact sensitizer specific IL-18, pro-inflammatory IL-1β, inflammatory IL-23 and IFN-γ, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-12p70. This study demonstrates the robustness and feasibility of complex next generation skin models for investigating skin immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Vahav
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function & Regeneration, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Thon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lenie J. van den Broek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Spiekstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beren Atac
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Lindner
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
- Provio GmbH, Oranienburger Chaussee 2, 16548 Glienicke/Nordbahn, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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9
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Cecen B, Karavasili C, Nazir M, Bhusal A, Dogan E, Shahriyari F, Tamburaci S, Buyukoz M, Kozaci LD, Miri AK. Multi-Organs-on-Chips for Testing Small-Molecule Drugs: Challenges and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1657. [PMID: 34683950 PMCID: PMC8540732 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip technology has been used in testing small-molecule drugs for screening potential therapeutics and regulatory protocols. The technology is expected to boost the development of novel therapies and accelerate the discovery of drug combinations in the coming years. This has led to the development of multi-organ-on-a-chip (MOC) for recapitulating various organs involved in the drug-body interactions. In this review, we discuss the current MOCs used in screening small-molecule drugs and then focus on the dynamic process of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. We also address appropriate materials used for MOCs at low cost and scale-up capacity suitable for high-performance analysis of drugs and commercial high-throughput screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berivan Cecen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.B.); (E.D.); (A.K.M.)
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Mubashir Nazir
- Department of Microbiology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India;
| | - Anant Bhusal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.B.); (E.D.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Elvan Dogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.B.); (E.D.); (A.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Fatemeh Shahriyari
- Institute of Health Science, Department of Translational Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Sedef Tamburaci
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Graduate Program of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Gulbahce Campus, Izmir 35430, Turkey;
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Gulbahce Campus, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Melda Buyukoz
- Care of Elderly Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir 35140, Turkey;
| | - Leyla Didem Kozaci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Amir K. Miri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (A.B.); (E.D.); (A.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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10
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Clark AM, Allbritton NL, Wells A. Integrative microphysiological tissue systems of cancer metastasis to the liver. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 71:157-169. [PMID: 32580025 PMCID: PMC7750290 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the most commonly involved organ in metastases from a wide variety of solid tumors. The use of biologically and cellularly complex liver tissue systems have shown that tumor cell behavior and therapeutic responses are modulated within the liver microenvironment and in ways distinct from the behaviors in the primary locations. These microphysiological systems have provided unexpected and powerful insights into the tumor cell biology of metastasis. However, neither the tumor nor the liver exist in an isolated tissue situation, having to function within a complete body and respond to systemic events as well as those in other organs. To examine the influence of one organ on the function of other tissues, microphysiological systems are being linked. Herein, we discuss extending this concept to tumor metastases by integrating complex models of the primary tumor with the liver metastatic environment. In addition, inflammatory organs and the immune system can be incorporated into these multi-organ systems to probe the effects on tumor behavior and cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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11
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Peneda Pacheco D, Suárez Vargas N, Visentin S, Petrini P. From tissue engineering to engineering tissues: the role and application of in vitro models. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:70-83. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review defines and explores the engineering process and the multifaceted potential and limitations of models within the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Peneda Pacheco
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” – Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Natalia Suárez Vargas
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” – Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Sonja Visentin
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Department
- University of Torino
- Torino
- Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” – Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R)
- Politecnico di Milano Unit
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12
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Thompson CL, Fu S, Knight MM, Thorpe SD. Mechanical Stimulation: A Crucial Element of Organ-on-Chip Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:602646. [PMID: 33363131 PMCID: PMC7758201 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.602646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OOC) systems recapitulate key biological processes and responses in vitro exhibited by cells, tissues, and organs in vivo. Accordingly, these models of both health and disease hold great promise for improving fundamental research, drug development, personalized medicine, and testing of pharmaceuticals, food substances, pollutants etc. Cells within the body are exposed to biomechanical stimuli, the nature of which is tissue specific and may change with disease or injury. These biomechanical stimuli regulate cell behavior and can amplify, annul, or even reverse the response to a given biochemical cue or drug candidate. As such, the application of an appropriate physiological or pathological biomechanical environment is essential for the successful recapitulation of in vivo behavior in OOC models. Here we review the current range of commercially available OOC platforms which incorporate active biomechanical stimulation. We highlight recent findings demonstrating the importance of including mechanical stimuli in models used for drug development and outline emerging factors which regulate the cellular response to the biomechanical environment. We explore the incorporation of mechanical stimuli in different organ models and identify areas where further research and development is required. Challenges associated with the integration of mechanics alongside other OOC requirements including scaling to increase throughput and diagnostic imaging are discussed. In summary, compelling evidence demonstrates that the incorporation of biomechanical stimuli in these OOC or microphysiological systems is key to fully replicating in vivo physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Thompson
- Centre for Predictive in vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Su Fu
- Centre for Predictive in vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin M Knight
- Centre for Predictive in vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Thorpe
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Kühnl J, Tao TP, Brandmair K, Gerlach S, Rings T, Müller-Vieira U, Przibilla J, Genies C, Jaques-Jamin C, Schepky A, Marx U, Hewitt NJ, Maschmeyer I. Characterization of application scenario-dependent pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic properties of permethrin and hyperforin in a dynamic skin and liver multi-organ-chip model. Toxicology 2020; 448:152637. [PMID: 33220337 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) aim to mimic the dynamic microenvironment and the interaction between tissues. While MPS exist for investigating pharmaceuticals, the applicability of MPS for cosmetics ingredients is yet to be evaluated. The HUMIMIC Chip2 ("Chip2″), is the first multi-organ chip technology to incorporate skin models, allowing for the topical route to be tested. Therefore, we have used this model to analyze the impact of different exposure scenarios on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two topically exposed chemicals, hyperforin and permethrin. The Chip2 incorporated reconstructed human epidermis models (EpiDerm™) and HepaRG-stellate spheroids. Initial experiments using static incubations of single organoids helped determine the optimal dose. In the Chip2 studies, parent and metabolites were analyzed in the circuit over 5 days after application of single and repeated topical or systemic doses. The gene expression of relevant xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in liver spheroids was measured to reflect toxicodynamics effects of the compounds in liver. The results show that 1) metabolic capacities of EpiDerm™ and liver spheroids were maintained over five days; 2) EpiDerm™ model barrier function remained intact; 3) repeated application of compounds resulted in higher concentrations of parent chemicals and most metabolites compared to single application; 4) compound-specific gene induction e.g. induction of CYP3A4 by hyperforin depended on the application route and frequency; 5) different routes of application influenced the systemic concentrations of both parents and metabolites in the chip over the course of the experiment; 6) there was excellent intra- and inter-lab reproducibility. For permethrin, a process similar to the excretion in a human in vivo study could be simulated which was remarkably comparable to the in vivo situation. These results support the use of the Chip2 model to provide information on parent and metabolite disposition that may be relevant to risk assessment of topically applied cosmetics ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Kühnl
- Beiersdorf AG, Unnastraße 48, D-20253, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thi Phuong Tao
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, D-13347, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Silke Gerlach
- Beiersdorf AG, Unnastraße 48, D-20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thamée Rings
- Beiersdorf AG, Unnastraße 48, D-20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Julia Przibilla
- Pharmacelsus GmbH, Science Park 2, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Uwe Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, D-13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola J Hewitt
- Cosmetics Europe, Avenue Herrmann-Debroux 40, 1160, Auderghem, Belgium
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14
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Dehne EM, Marx U. The universal physiological template—a system to advance medicines. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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16
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Ramadan Q, Zourob M. Organ-on-a-chip engineering: Toward bridging the gap between lab and industry. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:041501. [PMID: 32699563 PMCID: PMC7367691 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a very ambitious emerging technology with a high potential to revolutionize many medical and industrial sectors, particularly in preclinical-to-clinical translation in the pharmaceutical arena. In vivo, the function of the organ(s) is orchestrated by a complex cellular structure and physiochemical factors within the extracellular matrix and secreted by various types of cells. The trend in in vitro modeling is to simplify the complex anatomy of the human organ(s) to the minimal essential cellular structure "micro-anatomy" instead of recapitulating the full cellular milieu that enables studying the absorption, metabolism, as well as the mechanistic investigation of drug compounds in a "systemic manner." However, in order to reflect the human physiology in vitro and hence to be able to bridge the gap between the in vivo and in vitro data, simplification should not compromise the physiological relevance. Engineering principles have long been applied to solve medical challenges, and at this stage of organ-on-a-chip technology development, the work of biomedical engineers, focusing on device engineering, is more important than ever to accelerate the technology transfer from the academic lab bench to specialized product development institutions and to the increasingly demanding market. In this paper, instead of presenting a narrative review of the literature, we systemically present a synthesis of the best available organ-on-a-chip technology from what is found, what has been achieved, and what yet needs to be done. We emphasized mainly on the requirements of a "good in vitro model that meets the industrial need" in terms of the structure (micro-anatomy), functions (micro-physiology), and characteristics of the device that hosts the biological model. Finally, we discuss the biological model-device integration supported by an example and the major challenges that delay the OOC technology transfer to the industry and recommended possible options to realize a functional organ-on-a-chip system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Ramadan
- Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Riyadh 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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17
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Mühleder S, Fuchs C, Basílio J, Szwarc D, Pill K, Labuda K, Slezak P, Siehs C, Pröll J, Priglinger E, Hoffmann C, Junger WG, Redl H, Holnthoner W. Purinergic P2Y 2 receptors modulate endothelial sprouting. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:885-901. [PMID: 31278420 PMCID: PMC11104991 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic P2 receptors are critical regulators of several functions within the vascular system, including platelet aggregation, vascular inflammation, and vascular tone. However, a role for ATP release and P2Y receptor signalling in angiogenesis remains poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that blood vessel growth is controlled by P2Y2 receptors. Endothelial sprouting and vascular tube formation were significantly dependent on P2Y2 expression and inhibition of P2Y2 using a selective antagonist blocked microvascular network generation. Mechanistically, overexpression of P2Y2 in endothelial cells induced the expression of the proangiogenic molecules CXCR4, CD34, and angiopoietin-2, while expression of VEGFR-2 was decreased. Interestingly, elevated P2Y2 expression caused constitutive phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and VEGFR-2. However, stimulation of cells with the P2Y2 agonist UTP did not influence sprouting unless P2Y2 was constitutively expressed. Finally, inhibition of VEGFR-2 impaired spontaneous vascular network formation induced by P2Y2 overexpression. Our data suggest that P2Y2 receptors have an essential function in angiogenesis, and that P2Y2 receptors present a therapeutic target to regulate blood vessel growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Mühleder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Kompetenzzentrum für MechanoBiologie (INTERREG V-A AT-CZ ATCZ133), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Basílio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorota Szwarc
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline Pill
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Krystyna Labuda
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Slezak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Siehs
- Mag. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Christian Siehs, IT-Services, GLN 9110002040261, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Pröll
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Research, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Linz, Austria
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Junger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Ashammakhi N, Darabi MA, Çelebi-Saltik B, Tutar R, Hartel MC, Lee J, Hussein S, Goudie MJ, Cornelius MB, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Microphysiological Systems: Next Generation Systems for Assessing Toxicity and Therapeutic Effects of Nanomaterials. SMALL METHODS 2020; 4:1900589. [PMID: 33043130 PMCID: PMC7546538 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201900589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems, also known as organ-on-a-chip platforms, show promise for the development of new testing methods that can be more accurate than both conventional two-dimensional cultures and costly animal studies. The development of more intricate microphysiological systems can help to better mimic the human physiology and highlight the systemic effects of different drugs and materials. Nanomaterials are among a technologically important class of materials used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring purposes; all of which and can be tested using new organ-on-a-chip systems. In addition, the toxicity of nanomaterials which have entered the body from ambient air or diet can have deleterious effects on various body systems. This in turn can be studied in newly developed microphysiological systems. While organ-on-a-chip models can be useful, they cannot pick up secondary and systemic toxicity. Thus, the utilization of multi-organ-on-a-chip systems for advancing nanotechnology will largely be reflected in the future of drug development, toxicology studies and precision medicine. Various aspects of related studies, current challenges, and future perspectives are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Darabi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Tutar
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Avcilar-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Martin C. Hartel
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Saber Hussein
- Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcus J. Goudie
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mercedes Brianna Cornelius
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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19
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Baltazar T, Merola J, Catarino C, Xie CB, Kirkiles-Smith NC, Lee V, Hotta S, Dai G, Xu X, Ferreira FC, Saltzman WM, Pober JS, Karande P. Three Dimensional Bioprinting of a Vascularized and Perfusable Skin Graft Using Human Keratinocytes, Fibroblasts, Pericytes, and Endothelial Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 26:227-238. [PMID: 31672103 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilayered skin substitutes comprising allogeneic cells have been tested for the treatment of nonhealing cutaneous ulcers. However, such nonnative skin grafts fail to permanently engraft because they lack dermal vascular networks important for integration with the host tissue. In this study, we describe the fabrication of an implantable multilayered vascularized bioengineered skin graft using 3D bioprinting. The graft is formed using one bioink containing human foreskin dermal fibroblasts (FBs), human endothelial cells (ECs) derived from cord blood human endothelial colony-forming cells (HECFCs), and human placental pericytes (PCs) suspended in rat tail type I collagen to form a dermis followed by printing with a second bioink containing human foreskin keratinocytes (KCs) to form an epidermis. In vitro, KCs replicate and mature to form a multilayered barrier, while the ECs and PCs self-assemble into interconnected microvascular networks. The PCs in the dermal bioink associate with EC-lined vascular structures and appear to improve KC maturation. When these 3D printed grafts are implanted on the dorsum of immunodeficient mice, the human EC-lined structures inosculate with mouse microvessels arising from the wound bed and become perfused within 4 weeks after implantation. The presence of PCs in the printed dermis enhances the invasion of the graft by host microvessels and the formation of an epidermal rete. Impact Statement Three Dimensional printing can be used to generate multilayered vascularized human skin grafts that can potentially overcome the limitations of graft survival observed in current avascular skin substitutes. Inclusion of human pericytes in the dermal bioink appears to improve both dermal and epidermal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Baltazar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan Merola
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carolina Catarino
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Catherine B Xie
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Vivian Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie Hotta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frederico C Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Pankaj Karande
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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20
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Parrish J, Lim K, Zhang B, Radisic M, Woodfield TBF. New Frontiers for Biofabrication and Bioreactor Design in Microphysiological System Development. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1327-1343. [PMID: 31202544 PMCID: PMC6874730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPSs) have been proposed as an improved tool to recreate the complex biological features of the native niche with the goal of improving in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. In just over a decade, MPS technologies have progressed from single-tissue chips to multitissue plates with integrated pumps for perfusion. Concurrently, techniques for biofabrication of complex 3D constructs for regenerative medicine and 3D in vitro models have evolved into a diverse toolbox for micrometer-scale deposition of cells and cell-laden bioinks. However, as the complexity of biological models increases, experimental throughput is often compromised. This review discusses the existing disparity between MPS complexity and throughput, then examines an MPS-terminated biofabrication line to identify the hurdles and potential approaches to overcoming this disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Parrish
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence (MedTech CoRE), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Khoon Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence (MedTech CoRE), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence (MedTech CoRE), Auckland, New Zealand.
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21
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Ramme AP, Koenig L, Hasenberg T, Schwenk C, Magauer C, Faust D, Lorenz AK, Krebs AC, Drewell C, Schirrmann K, Vladetic A, Lin GC, Pabinger S, Neuhaus W, Bois F, Lauster R, Marx U, Dehne EM. Autologous induced pluripotent stem cell-derived four-organ-chip. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO413. [PMID: 31534781 DOI: 10.1101/376970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems play a pivotal role in progressing toward a global paradigm shift in drug development. Here, we designed a four-organ-chip interconnecting miniaturized human intestine, liver, brain and kidney equivalents. All four organ models were predifferentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells from the same healthy donor and integrated into the microphysiological system. The coculture of the four autologous tissue models in one common medium deprived of tissue specific growth factors was successful over 14-days. Although there were no added growth factors present in the coculture medium, the intestine, liver and neuronal model maintained defined marker expression. Only the renal model was overgrown by coexisting cells and did not further differentiate. This model platform will pave the way for autologous coculture cross-talk assays, disease induction and subsequent drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leopold Koenig
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Faust
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Christopher Drewell
- Technische Universität Berlin, Medizinische Biotechnologie, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Kerstin Schirrmann
- The University of Manchester, Physics of Fluids & Soft Matter Group, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alexandra Vladetic
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Grace-Chiaen Lin
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Pabinger
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frederic Bois
- INERIS, METO unit, Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Roland Lauster
- Technische Universität Berlin, Medizinische Biotechnologie, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Uwe Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Deutschland
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22
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Ramme AP, Koenig L, Hasenberg T, Schwenk C, Magauer C, Faust D, Lorenz AK, Krebs AC, Drewell C, Schirrmann K, Vladetic A, Lin GC, Pabinger S, Neuhaus W, Bois F, Lauster R, Marx U, Dehne EM. Autologous induced pluripotent stem cell-derived four-organ-chip. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO413. [PMID: 31534781 PMCID: PMC6745596 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems play a pivotal role in progressing toward a global paradigm shift in drug development. Here, we designed a four-organ-chip interconnecting miniaturized human intestine, liver, brain and kidney equivalents. All four organ models were predifferentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells from the same healthy donor and integrated into the microphysiological system. The coculture of the four autologous tissue models in one common medium deprived of tissue specific growth factors was successful over 14-days. Although there were no added growth factors present in the coculture medium, the intestine, liver and neuronal model maintained defined marker expression. Only the renal model was overgrown by coexisting cells and did not further differentiate. This model platform will pave the way for autologous coculture cross-talk assays, disease induction and subsequent drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leopold Koenig
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Faust
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Christopher Drewell
- Technische Universität Berlin, Medizinische Biotechnologie, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Kerstin Schirrmann
- The University of Manchester, Physics of Fluids & Soft Matter Group, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alexandra Vladetic
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Grace-Chiaen Lin
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Pabinger
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frederic Bois
- INERIS, METO unit, Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Roland Lauster
- Technische Universität Berlin, Medizinische Biotechnologie, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Uwe Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Deutschland
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23
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Schneider J, Pultar M, Holnthoner W. Ex vivo engineering of blood and lymphatic microvascular networks. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 1:H17-H22. [PMID: 32923949 PMCID: PMC7439851 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Upon implantation, engineered tissues rely on the supply with oxygen and nutrients as well as the drainage of interstitial fluid. This prerequisite still represents one of the current challenges in the engineering and regeneration of tissues. Recently, different vascularization strategies have been developed. Besides technical approaches like 3D printing or laser processing and de-/recelluarization of natural scaffolds, mainly co-cultures of endothelial cells (ECs) with supporting cell types are being used. This mini-review provides a brief overview of different co-culture systems for the engineering of blood and lymphatic microvascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Schneider
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne Pultar
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Modeling Host-Pathogen Interactions in the Context of the Microenvironment: Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Comes of Age. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00282-18. [PMID: 30181350 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00282-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues and organs provide the structural and biochemical landscapes upon which microbial pathogens and commensals function to regulate health and disease. While flat two-dimensional (2-D) monolayers composed of a single cell type have provided important insight into understanding host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease mechanisms, these reductionist models lack many essential features present in the native host microenvironment that are known to regulate infection, including three-dimensional (3-D) architecture, multicellular complexity, commensal microbiota, gas exchange and nutrient gradients, and physiologically relevant biomechanical forces (e.g., fluid shear, stretch, compression). A major challenge in tissue engineering for infectious disease research is recreating this dynamic 3-D microenvironment (biological, chemical, and physical/mechanical) to more accurately model the initiation and progression of host-pathogen interactions in the laboratory. Here we review selected 3-D models of human intestinal mucosa, which represent a major portal of entry for infectious pathogens and an important niche for commensal microbiota. We highlight seminal studies that have used these models to interrogate host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease mechanisms, and we present this literature in the appropriate historical context. Models discussed include 3-D organotypic cultures engineered in the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, extracellular matrix (ECM)-embedded/organoid models, and organ-on-a-chip (OAC) models. Collectively, these technologies provide a more physiologically relevant and predictive framework for investigating infectious disease mechanisms and antimicrobial therapies at the intersection of the host, microbe, and their local microenvironments.
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25
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Hübner J, Raschke M, Rütschle I, Gräßle S, Hasenberg T, Schirrmann K, Lorenz A, Schnurre S, Lauster R, Maschmeyer I, Steger-Hartmann T, Marx U. Simultaneous evaluation of anti-EGFR-induced tumour and adverse skin effects in a microfluidic human 3D co-culture model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15010. [PMID: 30301942 PMCID: PMC6177413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapies targeting the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) are being increasingly applied in cancer therapy. However, increased tumour containment correlates proportionally with the severity of well-known adverse events in skin. The prediction of the latter is not currently possible in conventional in vitro systems and limited in existing laboratory animal models. Here we established a repeated dose “safficacy” test assay for the simultaneous generation of safety and efficacy data. Therefore, a commercially available multi-organ chip platform connecting two organ culture compartments was adapted for the microfluidic co-culture of human H292 lung cancer microtissues and human full-thickness skin equivalents. Repeated dose treatment of the anti-EGFR-antibody cetuximab showed an increased pro-apoptotic related gene expression in the tumour microtissues. Simultaneously, proliferative keratinocytes in the basal layer of the skin microtissues were eliminated, demonstrating crucial inhibitory effects on the physiological skin cell turnover. Furthermore, antibody exposure modulated the release of CXCL8 and CXCL10, reflecting the pattern changes seen in antibody-treated patients. The combination of a metastatic tumour environment with a miniaturized healthy organotypic human skin equivalent make this “safficacy” assay an ideal tool for evaluation of the therapeutic index of EGFR inhibitors and other promising oncology candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hübner
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Department Medical Biotechnology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany. .,TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marian Raschke
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Gräßle
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Department Medical Biotechnology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany.,TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Schirrmann
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Centre for Nonlinear Dynamics, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | | - Roland Lauster
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Department Medical Biotechnology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Uwe Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Ergir E, Bachmann B, Redl H, Forte G, Ertl P. Small Force, Big Impact: Next Generation Organ-on-a-Chip Systems Incorporating Biomechanical Cues. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1417. [PMID: 30356887 PMCID: PMC6190857 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology-on-a-chip is a growing field focusing on how mechanical inputs modulate physico-chemical output in microphysiological systems. It is well known that biomechanical cues trigger a variety of molecular events and adjustment of mechanical forces is therefore essential for mimicking in vivo physiologies in organ-on-a-chip technology. Biomechanical inputs in organ-on-a-chip systems can range from variations in extracellular matrix type and stiffness and applied shear stresses to active stretch/strain or compression forces using integrated flexible membranes. The main advantages of these organ-on-a-chip systems are therefore (a) the control over spatiotemporal organization of in vivo-like tissue architectures, (b) the ability to precisely control the amount, duration and intensity of the biomechanical stimuli, and (c) the capability of monitoring in real time the effects of applied mechanical forces on cell, tissue and organ functions. Consequently, over the last decade a variety of microfluidic devices have been introduced to recreate physiological microenvironments that also account for the influence of physical forces on biological functions. In this review we present recent advances in mechanobiological lab-on-a-chip systems and report on lessons learned from these current mechanobiological models. Additionally, future developments needed to engineer next-generation physiological and pathological organ-on-a-chip models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Ergir
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bachmann
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- AUVA Research Centre, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Kompetenzzentrum für MechanoBiologie (INTERREG V-A Austria – Czech Republic Programme, ATCZ133), Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- AUVA Research Centre, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Kompetenzzentrum für MechanoBiologie (INTERREG V-A Austria – Czech Republic Programme, ATCZ133), Vienna, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology (INTERREG V-A Austria – Czech Republic Programme, ATCZ133), Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Kompetenzzentrum für MechanoBiologie (INTERREG V-A Austria – Czech Republic Programme, ATCZ133), Vienna, Austria
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27
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Parrish J, Lim KS, Baer K, Hooper GJ, Woodfield TBF. A 96-well microplate bioreactor platform supporting individual dual perfusion and high-throughput assessment of simple or biofabricated 3D tissue models. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2757-2775. [PMID: 30117514 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Traditional 2D monolayer cell cultures and submillimeter 3D tissue construct cultures used widely in tissue engineering are limited in their ability to extrapolate experimental data to predict in vivo responses due to their simplistic organization and lack of stimuli. The rise of biofabrication and bioreactor technologies has sought to address this through the development of techniques to spatially organize components of a tissue construct, and devices to supply these tissue constructs with an increasingly in vivo-like environment. Current bioreactors supporting both parenchymal and barrier tissue constructs in interconnected systems for body-on-a-chip platforms have chosen to emphasize study throughput or system/tissue complexity. Here, we report a platform to address this disparity in throughput and both system complexity (by supporting multiple in situ assessment methods) and tissue complexity (by adopting a construct-agnostic format). We introduce an ANSI/SLAS-compliant microplate and docking station fabricated via stereolithography (SLA), or precision machining, to provide up to 96 samples (Ø6 × 10 mm) with two individually-addressable fluid circuits (192 total), loading access, and inspection window for imaging during perfusion. Biofabricated ovarian cancer models were developed to demonstrate the in situ assessment capabilities via microscopy and a perfused resazurin-based metabolic activity assay. In situ microscopy highlighted flexibility of the sample housing to accommodate a range of sample geometries. Utility for drug screening was demonstrated by exposing the ovarian cancer models to an anticancer drug (doxorubicin) and generating the dose-response curve in situ, while achieving an assay quality similar to static wellplate culture. The potential for quantitative analysis of temporal tissue development and screening studies was confirmed by imaging soft- (gelatin) and hard-tissue (calcium chloride) analogs inside the bioreactor via spectral computed tomography (CT) scanning. As a proof-of-concept for particle tracing studies, flowing microparticles were visualized to inform the design of hydrogel constructs. Finally, the ability for mechanistic yet high-throughput screening was demonstrated in a vascular coculture model adopting endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells (HUVEC-MSC), encapsulated in gelatin-norbornene (gel-NOR) hydrogel cast into SLA-printed well inserts. This study illustrates the potential of a scalable dual perfusion bioreactor platform for parenchymal and barrier tissue constructs to support a broad range of multi-organ-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Parrish
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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28
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Towards Three-Dimensional Dynamic Regulation and In Situ Characterization of Single Stem Cell Phenotype Using Microfluidics. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:843-861. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Heher P, Mühleder S, Mittermayr R, Redl H, Slezak P. Fibrin-based delivery strategies for acute and chronic wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:134-147. [PMID: 29247766 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin, a natural hydrogel, is the end product of the physiological blood coagulation cascade and naturally involved in wound healing. Beyond its role in hemostasis, it acts as a local reservoir for growth factors and as a provisional matrix for invading cells that drive the regenerative process. Its unique intrinsic features do not only promote wound healing directly via modulation of cell behavior but it can also be fine-tuned to evolve into a delivery system for sustained release of therapeutic biomolecules, cells and gene vectors. To further augment tissue regeneration potential, current strategies exploit and modify the chemical and physical characteristics of fibrin to employ combined incorporation of several factors and their timed release. In this work we show advanced therapeutic approaches employing fibrin matrices in wound healing and cover the many possibilities fibrin offers to the field of regenerative medicine.
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30
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The role of fibrinolysis inhibition in engineered vascular networks derived from endothelial cells and adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:35. [PMID: 29433579 PMCID: PMC5809876 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Co-cultures of endothelial cells with mesenchymal stem cells currently represent one of the most promising approaches in providing oxygen and nutrient supply for microvascular tissue engineering. Still, to translate this model into clinics several in vitro parameters including growth medium and scaffold degradation need to be fine-tuned. Methods We recently described the co-culture of adipose-derived stem cells with endothelial cells in fibrin, resulting in capillary formation in vitro as well as their perfusion in vivo. Here, we aimed to further characterise microvascular tube formation in fibrin by determining the role of scaffold degradation, thrombin concentration and culture conditions on vascularisation. Results We observed that inhibition of cell-mediated fibrin degradation by the commonly used inhibitor aprotinin resulted in impaired vascular network formation. Aprotinin had no effect on laminin and collagen type IV deposition or formation of tube-like structures in scaffold-free co-culture, indicating that poor vascularisation of fibrin clots is primarily caused by inhibition of plasminogen-driven fibrinolysis. Co-culture in plasminogen- and factor XIII-depleted fibrin did not result in different vascular network density compared to controls. Furthermore, we demonstrate that thrombin negatively affects vascular network density at high concentrations. However, only transient activation of incorporated endothelial cells by thrombin could be observed, thus excluding a long-term inflammatory response in tissue-engineered micro-capillaries. Finally, we show that vascularisation of fibrin scaffolds in basal medium is undermined because of increased fibrinolytic activity leading to scaffold destabilisation without aprotinin. Conclusions Taken together, our data reveal a critical role of fibrinolysis inhibition in in vitro cell-mediated vascularisation of fibrin scaffolds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-017-0764-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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31
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Jodat YA, Kang MG, Kiaee K, Kim GJ, Martinez AFH, Rosenkranz A, Bae H, Shin SR. Human-Derived Organ-on-a-Chip for Personalized Drug Development. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:5471-5486. [PMID: 30854951 PMCID: PMC6587585 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190308150055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the required capital and time investment in the development of new pharmaceutical agents, there is an urgent need for preclinical drug testing models that are predictive of drug response in human tissues or organs. Despite tremendous advancements and rigorous multistage screening of drug candidates involving computational models, traditional cell culture platforms, animal models and most recently humanized animals, there is still a large deficit in our ability to predict drug response in patient groups and overall attrition rates from phase 1 through phase 4 of clinical studies remain well above 90%. Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms have proven potential in providing tremendous flexibility and robustness in drug screening and development by employing engineering techniques and materials. More importantly, in recent years, there is a clear upward trend in studies that utilize human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) to develop personalized tissue or organ models. Additionally, integrated multiple organs on the single chip with increasingly more sophisticated representation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) process are being utilized to better understand drug interaction mechanisms in the human body and thus showing great potential to better predict drug efficacy and safety. In this review, we summarize these advances, highlighting studies that took the next step to clinical trials and research areas with the utmost potential and discuss the role of the OOCs in the overall drug discovery process at a preclinical and clinical stage, as well as outline remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin A Jodat
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Min G Kang
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kiavash Kiaee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Gyeong J Kim
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Angel F H Martinez
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- ALPHA Medical Leadership Program, Anahuac University, School of Medicine, Mexico
| | - Aliza Rosenkranz
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Hojae Bae
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technololgy Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Su R Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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32
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Ewart L, Dehne EM, Fabre K, Gibbs S, Hickman J, Hornberg E, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Jang KJ, Jones DR, Lauschke VM, Marx U, Mettetal JT, Pointon A, Williams D, Zimmermann WH, Newham P. Application of Microphysiological Systems to Enhance Safety Assessment in Drug Discovery. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 58:65-82. [PMID: 29029591 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing the early detection of new therapies that are likely to carry a safety liability in the context of the intended patient population would provide a major advance in drug discovery. Microphysiological systems (MPS) technology offers an opportunity to support enhanced preclinical to clinical translation through the generation of higher-quality preclinical physiological data. In this review, we highlight this technological opportunity by focusing on key target organs associated with drug safety and metabolism. By focusing on MPS models that have been developed for these organs, alongside other relevant in vitro models, we review the current state of the art and the challenges that still need to be overcome to ensure application of this technology in enhancing drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Ewart
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
| | | | - Kristin Fabre
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - Ellinor Hornberg
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - David R Jones
- Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London SW1W 9SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jerome T Mettetal
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | - Amy Pointon
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
| | - Dominic Williams
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Peter Newham
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom;
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33
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Oh S, Ryu H, Tahk D, Ko J, Chung Y, Lee HK, Lee TR, Jeon NL. "Open-top" microfluidic device for in vitro three-dimensional capillary beds. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3405-3414. [PMID: 28944383 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00646b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel microfluidic device to co-culture a blood vessel network and cell tissues in an in vivo-like niche. Our "open-top" microfluidic device is composed of microchannels with micropores in the ceiling, which provides direct fluid access from reservoir to microchannel. Fluid connections through micropores afford novel advantages, including: i) the long-term culture of large-scale microvessel network, ii) access of different fluids to inner and exterior sides of the microvessel, and iii) co-culturing of the microvessel network and small cell tissue. In this study, we have successfully assembled microvessels with 5 mm channel widths. We were also able to mimic capillary bed conditions by co-culturing microvessels with cancer spheroids. Intimate contact between the cancer spheroid and microvessel caused vessel recruitment and an increase in vessel formation, and affected vessel morphology. We expect this device to be used as a novel platform for vascularized tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Oh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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34
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von Byern J, Mebs D, Heiss E, Dicke U, Wetjen O, Bakkegard K, Grunwald I, Wolbank S, Mühleder S, Gugerell A, Fuchs H, Nürnberger S. Salamanders on the bench – A biocompatibility study of salamander skin secretions in cell cultures. Toxicon 2017; 135:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Knezevic L, Schaupper M, Mühleder S, Schimek K, Hasenberg T, Marx U, Priglinger E, Redl H, Holnthoner W. Engineering Blood and Lymphatic Microvascular Networks in Fibrin Matrices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:25. [PMID: 28459049 PMCID: PMC5394507 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular network engineering is essential for nutrient delivery to tissue-engineered constructs and, consequently, their survival. In addition, the functionality of tissues also depends on tissue drainage and immune cell accessibility, which are the main functions of the lymphatic system. Engineering both the blood and lymphatic microvasculature would advance the survival and functionality of tissue-engineered constructs. The aim of this study was to isolate pure populations of lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and blood vascular endothelial cells (BEC) from human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and to study their network formation in our previously described coculture model with adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) in fibrin scaffolds. We could follow the network development over a period of 4 weeks by fluorescently labeling the cells. We show that LEC and BEC form separate networks, which are morphologically distinguishable and sustainable over several weeks. In addition, lymphatic network development was dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, resulting in denser networks with increasing VEGF-C concentration. Finally, we confirm the necessity of cell–cell contact between endothelial cells and ASC for the formation of both blood and lymphatic microvascular networks. This model represents a valuable platform for in vitro drug testing and for the future in vivo studies on lymphatic and blood microvascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Knezevic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mira Schaupper
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mühleder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Schimek
- Technische Universität Berlin, Medical Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany.,TissUse GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Eleni Priglinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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36
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The ascendance of microphysiological systems to solve the drug testing dilemma. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO185. [PMID: 28670475 PMCID: PMC5481853 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of drugs is a process obstructed with manifold security and efficacy concerns. Although animal models are still widely used to meet the diligence required, they are regarded as outdated tools with limited predictability. Novel microphysiological systems intend to create systemic models of human biology. Their ability to host 3D organoid constructs in a controlled microenvironment with mechanical and electrophysiological stimuli enables them to create and maintain homeostasis. These platforms are, thus, envisioned to be superior tools for testing and developing substances such as drugs, cosmetics and chemicals. We will present reasons why microphysiological systems are required for the emerging demands, highlight current technological and regulatory obstacles, and depict possible solutions from state-of-the-art platforms from major contributors. Microphysiological systems are devices constructed for the cocultivation of miniaturized human organ equivalents. They are commonly placed into a continuous stream of nutrient solution. The microphysiological tools aim to reshape current development, toxicity testing and efficacy assessment of therapeutic agents, food additives, chemicals and environmental pollutants. We are on the verge of initiating a paradigm shift away from established, but often misleading animal and single tissue culture techniques toward the generation of predictive data for a compound's safety and efficacy prior to its exposure to humans.
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Junaid A, Mashaghi A, Hankemeier T, Vulto P. An end-user perspective on Organ-on-a-Chip: Assays and usability aspects. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ribas J, Sadeghi H, Manbachi A, Leijten J, Brinegar K, Zhang YS, Ferreira L, Khademhosseini A. Cardiovascular Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms for Drug Discovery and Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:82-96. [PMID: 28971113 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are prevalent worldwide and are the most frequent causes of death in the United States. Although spending in drug discovery/development has increased, the amount of drug approvals has seen a progressive decline. Particularly, adverse side effects to the heart and general vasculature have become common causes for preclinical project closures, and preclinical models do not fully recapitulate human in vivo dynamics. Recently, organs-on-a-chip technologies have been proposed to mimic the dynamic conditions of the cardiovascular system-in particular, heart and general vasculature. These systems pay particular attention to mimicking structural organization, shear stress, transmural pressure, mechanical stretching, and electrical stimulation. Heart- and vasculature-on-a-chip platforms have been successfully generated to study a variety of physiological phenomena, model diseases, and probe the effects of drugs. Here, we review and discuss recent breakthroughs in the development of cardiovascular organs-on-a-chip platforms, and their current and future applications in the area of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ribas
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Manbachi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Katelyn Brinegar
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Marx U, Andersson TB, Bahinski A, Beilmann M, Beken S, Cassee FR, Cirit M, Daneshian M, Fitzpatrick S, Frey O, Gaertner C, Giese C, Griffith L, Hartung T, Heringa MB, Hoeng J, de Jong WH, Kojima H, Kuehnl J, Luch A, Maschmeyer I, Sakharov D, Sips AJAM, Steger-Hartmann T, Tagle DA, Tonevitsky A, Tralau T, Tsyb S, van de Stolpe A, Vandebriel R, Vulto P, Wang J, Wiest J, Rodenburg M, Roth A. Biology-inspired microphysiological system approaches to solve the prediction dilemma of substance testing. ALTEX 2016; 33:272-321. [PMID: 27180100 PMCID: PMC5396467 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1603161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of microphysiological systems - microfluidic biomimetic devices that aspire to emulate the biology of human tissues, organs and circulation in vitro - is envisaged to enable a global paradigm shift in drug development. An extraordinary US governmental initiative and various dedicated research programs in Europe and Asia have led recently to the first cutting-edge achievements of human single-organ and multi-organ engineering based on microphysiological systems. The expectation is that test systems established on this basis would model various disease stages, and predict toxicity, immunogenicity, ADME profiles and treatment efficacy prior to clinical testing. Consequently, this technology could significantly affect the way drug substances are developed in the future. Furthermore, microphysiological system-based assays may revolutionize our current global programs of prioritization of hazard characterization for any new substances to be used, for example, in agriculture, food, ecosystems or cosmetics, thus, replacing laboratory animal models used currently. Thirty-six experts from academia, industry and regulatory bodies present here the results of an intensive workshop (held in June 2015, Berlin, Germany). They review the status quo of microphysiological systems available today against industry needs, and assess the broad variety of approaches with fit-for-purpose potential in the drug development cycle. Feasible technical solutions to reach the next levels of human biology in vitro are proposed. Furthermore, key organ-on-a-chip case studies, as well as various national and international programs are highlighted. Finally, a roadmap into the future is outlined, to allow for more predictive and regulatory-accepted substance testing on a global scale.
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