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Schneider BC, Veckenstedt R, Karamatskos E, Scheunemann J, Moritz S, Jelinek L, Miegel F. Change in negative mental filter is associated with depression reduction in metacognitive training for depression in older adults (MCT-Silver). Sci Rep 2024; 14:17120. [PMID: 39054326 PMCID: PMC11272923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying components of modularized psychological interventions that contribute to symptom reduction is essential to improving depression treatment. In a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), session-specific effects of Metacognitive Training-Silver, a group intervention for older adults with depression, were investigated. Thirty-eight older adults with major depressive disorder or dysthymia participated in up to eight sessions of MCT-Silver. A clinical assessment of depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) as well as additional interviews and questionnaires administered as part of the RCT were completed at pre- and post-intervention. Depressive symptoms, negative (meta)cognitive beliefs, emotion regulation strategies and attitudes toward aging were assessed pre- and post-session. The rate of change in each variable per module, elevation following the module in which the variable was addressed, and the rate of change post module were examined via linear mixed models. Clinician-rated depressive symptoms were significantly reduced from pre- to post-intervention (Cohens d = 1.31). Self-reported depression and negative mental filter measured within sessions improved significantly over treatment, whereas black-and-white thinking improved after module #3 (Should Statements, All or Nothing Thinking and Acceptance). Module-specific within-session effects were found for overgeneralization (module #1: Mental Filter) and rumination (module #6: Rumination and Social Withdrawal). Improvement in mental filter in module #1 was significantly associated with depression reduction. This study provides initial evidence that MCT-Silver partially meets its aims of reducing depression and specific cognitive variables within and across sessions. Improvement of the instrument used to measure change may improve detection of module-specific effects.Trial registration: NCT03691402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke C Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ruth Veckenstedt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Karamatskos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Scheunemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Jelinek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Miegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Li X, Vaessen T, Lafit G, van Aubel E, Hiekkaranta AP, Houben M, Beijer-Klippel A, de Haan L, Schirmbeck F, Reininghaus U, Myin-Germeys I. Higher emotion regulation flexibility predicts more stable negative emotions and faster affective recovery in early psychosis: an experience sampling study. Psychol Med 2024; 54:2063-2072. [PMID: 38343379 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While evidence shows that people with early psychosis are flexible in using different emotion regulation (ER) strategies to manage the varying contextual demands, no studies have examined the effectiveness of such regulatory flexibility in this population. We addressed this issue by investigating whether and how ER flexibility relate to different dynamic aspects (variability, instability, inertia, and recovery) of negative affect (NA) in a combined early psychosis sample, consisting of both individuals at high clinical risk for psychosis and those diagnosed with first-episode psychosis. METHODS Participants were 148 individuals from the INTERACT project, a multi-center randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy in early psychosis. We utilized data from the baseline assessment, during which all participants completed six days of experience sampling assessment of momentary NA, as well as end-of-day assessments of ER strategy use. RESULTS Multilevel models of within-person associations showed that greater ER flexibility was associated with more stable NA, and quicker recovery of NA from stressors during the day. Linear regression analyses of between-person associations showed that people who had more variable and unstable NA reported greater ER flexibility generally. No evidence was found for associations with NA inertia. CONCLUSIONS The current study identified unique within-person and between-person links between ER flexibility and dynamics of NA in early psychosis. These findings further provide evidence for ER flexibility in early psychosis, emphasizing the adaptive nature of regulatory flexibility in relation to reduced instability in NA and faster recovery from NA in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Center for eHealth and Well-being Research, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Twente, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Ginette Lafit
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Evelyne van Aubel
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Anu P Hiekkaranta
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Marlies Houben
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Annelie Beijer-Klippel
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 GT, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Lifespan Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, 6419 AT, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
- Health Service and Population Research Department, ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health and Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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3
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Pak R, Mahmoud Alilou M, Bakhshipour Roudsari A, Yousefpour F. Experiential Avoidance as a Factor in Generalized Psychological Vulnerability: In the Relationship Between Chronic Pain and Pain Anxiety With Pain Disability. Pain Manag Nurs 2024; 25:e256-e264. [PMID: 38418316 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a major socio-psychological problem worldwide. Chronic pain has a negative effect on areas of psychological functioning such as depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. AIM The present study investigated the mediating role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between chronic pain and pain anxiety with pain disability. METHODS Participants were treatment-seeking patients (N = 361) at an outpatient pain clinic in Shiraz (Fars, Iran). The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (PASS-20), Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) were used to measure multidimensional pain, anxiety, pain disability, experiential avoidance, and pain severity. RESULTS The results of the correlation revealed that a significant relationship exists between multidimensional pain and pain anxiety, pain disability, and experiential avoidance. Experiential avoidance mediated the associations from multidimensional pain and pain disability significantly. Also, experiential avoidance moderated associations between pain anxiety and pain disability significantly. In general, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that experiential avoidance mediated the relationship between multidimensional pain and pain anxiety with pain disability. CONCLUSION In general, the results revealed that experiential avoidance can mediate the relationship among pain, pain anxiety, and pain disability as a maladaptive regulation strategy. The results obtained from this study seem to introduce experiential avoidance as a vulnerability factor effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Pak
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Majid Mahmoud Alilou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abass Bakhshipour Roudsari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yousefpour
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Bandar Bushehr, Iran
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4
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Grove JL, Young JR, Chen Z, Blakey SM, Beckham JC, Calhoun PS, Dedert EA, Goldston DB, Pugh MJ, Kimbrel NA. Experiential Avoidance, Pain, and Suicide Risk in a National Sample of Gulf War Veterans. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:295-309. [PMID: 36573028 PMCID: PMC10291004 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2160681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pain confers risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Experiential avoidance (EA), which is relevant to both pain and suicide risk, has not been studied as a potential mechanism for this relationship. The present study tested the hypothesis that pain indirectly impacts suicide risk through EA in a national sample of Gulf War veterans. METHODS Participants included a stratified random sample of United States veterans (N = 1,012, 78% male) who had served in the Gulf War region between August 1990 and July 1991. Validated scales were used to quantify levels of pain, EA, and suicide risk. RESULTS Regression analyses indicated independent associations between pain, EA, and suicide risk; moreover, the association between pain and suicide risk was no longer significant once EA was included in model. Bootstrapping analyses confirmed that EA partially accounted for the cross-sectional association between pain and suicide risk, independent of common co-occurring problems, such as depression, PTSD, and alcohol use disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS EA could be a key modifiable risk factor to target in people experiencing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L. Grove
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Jonathan R. Young
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
| | - Zhengxi Chen
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
| | - Shannon M. Blakey
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
- Dr. Shannon Blakey is now affiliated with RTI International
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
| | - Patrick S. Calhoun
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
- VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT)
| | - Eric A. Dedert
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
- VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT)
| | - David B. Goldston
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Mary J. Pugh
- VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System
- University of Utah, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
- VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT)
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Fonseca das Neves J, Kornacka M, Serra E, Rollin N, Kosinski T, Maréchal V, Jehel L, Rusinek S. The impact of rumination on fibromyalgia pain after physical activity: an experimental study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20523. [PMID: 37993555 PMCID: PMC10665397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Some fibromyalgia (FM) patients engage in rumination (i.e. a chain of repetitive, passive and relatively uncontrollable thoughts focused on negative content) to cope with the pain and discomfort of daily activities. The partial model of rumination in chronic pain suggests that rumination processes may play a causal role in maintaining pain. Rumination might also be one of the key factors interfering with the reestablishment of adapted physical activity. The objective of this study was to test how rumination vs. distraction induction influence FM patients' pain intensity, discomfort linked to pain, and affect after physical activity. Forty-seven participants with a diagnosis of FM were randomly assigned to undergo distraction induction vs. rumination induction after performing a physical activity in ecological setting. Their pain intensity, pain-related discomfort, and affect were measured at the baseline, after physical activity, and after rumination versus distraction induction. A series of mixed-design ANOVAs showed that rumination induction after physical activity impairs patients' recovery in terms of pain intensity and discomfort, but not affect, as compared to the distraction condition. In conclusion, participants with fibromyalgia who engage in rumination following a physical activity recover less from their pain experience as compared to distraction induction. These results are consistent with the partial model of rumination in chronic pain and support the idea that rumination may play a causal role in the development and maintenance of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Kornacka
- Emotion Cognition Lab, SWPS University, Technikow 9, 40-326, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Eric Serra
- Centre d'étude et de Traitement de la Douleur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
- UFR Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Noémie Rollin
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
- Consultation de la Douleur, Centre Hospitalier de Soissons, Soissons, France
| | - Thierry Kosinski
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Maréchal
- Psychiatrie de Liaison, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Louis Jehel
- Psychiatrie de Liaison, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
- UFR Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Equipe MOODS-IPSOM, U1018, CESP/INSERM, 94807, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Rusinek
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France
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6
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Rogers AH, Gallagher MW, Zvolensky MJ. Intraindividual change in pain tolerance and negative affect over 20 years: findings from the MIDUS study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1950-1962. [PMID: 36882375 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2188229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Pain tolerance, defined as the ability to withstand physical pain states, is a clinically important psychobiological process associated with several deleterious outcomes, including increased pain experience, mental health problems, physical health problems, and substance use. A significant body of experimental work indicates that negative affect is associated with pain tolerance, such that increased negative affect is associated with decreased pain tolerance. Although research has documented the associations between pain tolerance and negative affect, little work has examined these associations over time, and how change in pain tolerance is related to changes in negative affect. Therefore, the current study examined the relationship between intraindividual change in self-reported pain tolerance and intraindividual change in negative affect over 20 years in a large, longitudinal, observation-based national sample of adults (n = 4,665, Mage = 46.78, SD =12.50, 53.8% female). Results from parallel process latent growth curve models indicated that slope of pain tolerance and negative affect were associated with each other over time (r = .272, 95% CI [.08, .46] p = .006). Cohen's d effect size estimates provide initial, correlational evidence that changes in pain tolerance may precede changes in negative affect. Given the relevance of pain tolerance to deleterious health outcomes, better understanding how individual difference factors, including negative affect, influence pain tolerance over time, are clinically important to reduce disease-related burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew W Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Texas Institute for Measurement, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Bordieri MJ. Acceptance: A Research Overview and Application of This Core ACT Process in ABA. Behav Anal Pract 2022; 15:90-103. [PMID: 35340386 PMCID: PMC8854448 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-021-00575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acceptance describes mediating behaviors in which an individual reduces escape and avoidance behaviors in response to unwanted private events while also encouraging increased appetitive control. Given the recent resurgence of interest in acceptance and commitment therapy/training (ACT) in applied behavior analysis (ABA), a review of this core treatment process is warranted. Acceptance has strong empirical support within the psychological and contextual behavioral science literatures, with treatment outcome studies, self-report measures research, and behavioral laboratory tasks all supporting the process. A review of select publications in behavior-analytic journals found that acceptance also has preliminary evidence of effectiveness across a variety of populations and problem behaviors in ABA. An application of acceptance in an ABA context is discussed, and recommendations for a more functional approach to acceptance and other ACT processes are offered. Acceptance interventions fall within the scope of practice of ABA in several contexts and are of relevance to mainstream ABA practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Bordieri
- Department of Psychology, Murray State University, 401c Wells Hall, Murray, KY 42071 USA
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8
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Gallego A, McHugh L, Penttonen M, Lappalainen R. Measuring Public Speaking Anxiety: Self-report, behavioral, and physiological. Behav Modif 2021; 46:782-798. [PMID: 33593107 PMCID: PMC9158251 DOI: 10.1177/0145445521994308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-reports are typically used to assess public speaking anxiety. In this study, we examined whether self-report, observer report, and behavioral and physiological reactivity were associated with each other during a speech challenge task. A total of 95 university students completed a self-report measure of public speaking anxiety before and after the speech challenge. Speech duration (i.e., behavioral measure), physiological reactivity, as well as speech performance evaluated by the participants and observers were also recorded. The results suggest that self-reported public speaking anxiety predicts speech duration, as well as speech quality, as rated by the participants themselves and observers. However, the physiological measures were not associated with self-reported anxiety during the speech task. Additionally, we observed that socially anxious participants underrate their speech performance in comparison to their observers' evaluations.
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9
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Ecija C, Catala P, López-Roig S, Pastor-Mira MÁ, Gallardo C, Peñacoba C. Are Pacing Patterns Really Based on Value Goals? Exploring the Contextual Role of Pain Acceptance and Pain Catastrophizing in Women with Fibromyalgia. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2021; 28:734-745. [PMID: 33538933 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-021-09762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance have been associated with functioning in fibromyalgia. In relation to activity patterns, pacing has been defined as a helpful pattern to regulate activities in the context of value-based goals, but results regarding whether it is adaptive or not are controversial. This study analyzes the moderating role of pain acceptance between pain catastrophizing and pacing in 231 women with fibromyalgia. Moderation analyses were conducted with model 1 from the PROCESS Macro version 3.4. The results showed a clear moderating effect of pain acceptance. At low levels of pain acceptance, catastrophizing and pacing patterns maintained significant and positive associations. However, at high levels of pain acceptance, pacing was independent of catastrophizing. Far from considering pacing patterns as functional or dysfunctional per se, our results suggest that women with low pain acceptance carry out pacing influenced by catastrophizing independently of their goal pursuit, while patients who accept their pain may use pacing as a regulatory mechanism according to their goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ecija
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. de Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Catala
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. de Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía López-Roig
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernández University, Campus de Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pastor-Mira
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernández University, Campus de Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Gallardo
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. de Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Peñacoba
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. de Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Gallego A, McHugh L, Villatte M, Lappalainen R. Examining the relationship between public speaking anxiety, distress tolerance and psychological flexibility. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Cavicchioli M, Ramella P, Vassena G, Simone G, Prudenziati F, Sirtori F, Movalli M, Maffei C. Dialectical behaviour therapy skills training for the treatment of addictive behaviours among individuals with alcohol use disorder: the effect of emotion regulation and experiential avoidance. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2020; 46:368-384. [PMID: 31990583 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1712411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Dialectical behavior therapy skills training (DBT-ST) is an effective treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD frequently co-occurs with other addictive behaviors. OBJECTIVE s: These secondary analyses of prior studies on the effectiveness of a 3-month DBT-ST program for AUD investigated pre- post-treatment changes in the severity of concurrent addictive behaviors. The study hypothesized that emotion regulation and experiential avoidance should be the key therapeutic mechanisms involved in the treatment of addictive behaviors. METHODS The research included 186 individuals (110 males; 76 females) with a primary diagnosis of AUD. Mediational models were performed considering shorter PROMIS questionnaire subscales (i.e., gambling, sex, shopping, food binging, and starvation) as dependent variables. The difficulties in emotion regulation scale and acceptance and action questionnaire-II total scores were independent and mediator variables, respectively. RESULTS Clinical variables significantly improved during the treatment, independent of baseline levels. Changes in emotion regulation showed significant total effects on improvements in addictive behaviors. Significant indirect effects of changes in experiential avoidance were detected considering compulsive buying and dysfunctional eating behaviors. CONCLUSION The DBT-ST was a feasible treatment for several addictive behaviors frequently reported by individuals with AUD. The improvements in emotion regulation and experiential avoidance were relevant therapeutic mechanisms involved in the treatment of these conditions. Future controlled trials and follow-up studies are recommended to support the efficacy of DBT-ST as a stand-alone intervention for the treatment of different classes of addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavicchioli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele" , Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital , Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Ramella
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele" , Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital , Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Vassena
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele" , Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital , Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Simone
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele" , Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital , Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Prudenziati
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele" , Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital , Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Sirtori
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele" , Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital , Milan, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Movalli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele" , Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital , Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Maffei
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele" , Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital , Milan, Italy
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Wang Y, Qi Z, Hofmann SG, Si M, Liu X, Xu W. Effect of Acceptance versus Attention on Pain Tolerance: Dissecting Two Components of Mindfulness. Mindfulness (N Y) 2019; 10:1352-1359. [PMID: 31537989 PMCID: PMC6752222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown that brief mindfulness trainings can have significant analgesic effects. However, the effects of the various components of mindfulness on pain analgesia are not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of two components of mindfulness interventions - attention and acceptance on pain analgesia. METHODS One hundred and nineteen healthy college students without prior mindfulness experience underwent a cold pressor test to measure pain tolerance before and after the training. Pain intensity, tolerance, distress, threshold and endurance time were also tested. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) acceptance of pain, (2) attention to pain, (3) acceptance of and attention to pain, or (4) control. RESULTS The results showed that both the acceptance strategy and the combined acceptance and attention group increased pain endurance and tolerance after training. Furthermore, acceptance group had longer pain endurance time and tolerance time than attention group and control group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that acceptance of pain is more important than attention to pain. Study limitations and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan G. Hofmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei Si
- Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY, USA
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Fahrenkamp AJ, Darling KE, Ruzicka EB, Sato AF. Food Cravings and Eating: The Role of Experiential Avoidance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1181. [PMID: 30986941 PMCID: PMC6479752 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Food cravings have been associated with problematic eating behaviors, such as emotional eating. Late adolescence is an important developmental period to examine this association, as late adolescents have greater independence in food choices as well as potentially higher demands during a transitional period of their lives. Mechanisms underlying the association between food cravings and problematic eating remain unclear. This study examined whether experiential avoidance (EA) may be one possible mechanism mediating the association between higher levels of food cravings and problematic eating behaviors. Late adolescents (n = 174) completed measures assessing EA, food cravings, and three problematic eating behaviors: emotional eating, cognitive restraint, and uncontrolled eating. Height and weight were measured objectively to calculate body mass index (BMI). Food cravings were positively associated with emotional eating and mediated by EA. EA also significantly mediated the association between greater cognitive restraint and greater food cravings. No significant mediation was detected for food cravings and uncontrolled eating. Future research may consider EA as a treatment target in intervention strategies for late adolescents seeking to decrease emotional or restrained eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine E Darling
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44224, USA.
| | - Elizabeth B Ruzicka
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44224, USA.
| | - Amy F Sato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44224, USA.
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Veilleux JC, Zielinski MJ, Moyen NE, Tucker MA, Dougherty EK, Ganio MS. The effect of passive heat stress on distress andself-control in male smokers and non-smokers. The Journal of General Psychology 2018; 145:342-361. [PMID: 30358519 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2018.1494127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we tested the effects of core body temperature increases (e.g. heat stress) on affect, self-reported physical discomfort, and subsequent self-control in male smokers and nonsmokers using a novel passive heat stress paradigm, within a distress tolerance framework. Twenty-eight men (14 smokers), completed both heat stress and control sessions in randomized order. Results revealed that increases in core body temperature were associated with increased anxiety, irritability, and body discomfort as well as decreased happiness, with stronger effects for smokers. Smokers and nonsmokers both evidenced less self-control during the heat session and did not differ on this measure, nor on a measure of interoceptive sensitivity. The current study indicates that heat stress is a viable method for studying distress tolerance in men, and suggests the value in examining dynamic changes in self-control as a function of distress. Implications will be discussed for distress tolerance in general and smokers in specific.
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Smith BM, Villatte JL, Ong CW, Butcher GM, Twohig MP, Levin ME, Hayes SC. The Influence of a Personal Values Intervention on Cold Pressor-Induced Distress Tolerance. Behav Modif 2018; 43:688-710. [PMID: 29923748 DOI: 10.1177/0145445518782402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that values and acceptance interventions can increase distress tolerance, but the individual contribution of each remains unclear. The current study examined the isolated effect of a values intervention on immersion time in a cold pressor. Participants randomized to Values (n = 18) and Control (n = 14) conditions completed two cold pressor tasks, separated by a 30-min values or control intervention. Immersion time increased 51.06 s for participants in the Values condition and decreased by 10.79 s for those in the Control condition. Increases in self-reported pain and distress predicted decreases in immersion time for Control, but not Values, participants. The best-fitting model accounted for 39% of the variance in immersion time change. Results suggest that a brief isolated values exercise can be used to improve distress tolerance despite increased perceptions of pain and distress, such that values alone may be sufficient to facilitate openness to difficult experiences.
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Berghoff CR, McDermott MJ, Dixon-Gordon KL. Psychological flexibility moderates the relation between PTSD symptoms and daily pain interference. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Karademas EC, Karekla M, Flouri M, Vasiliou VS, Kasinopoulos O, Papacostas SS. The impact of experiential avoidance on the relations between illness representations, pain catastrophising and pain interference in chronic pain. Psychol Health 2017; 32:1469-1484. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1346193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Identification and Characterization of Unique Subgroups of Chronic Pain Individuals with Dispositional Personality Traits. Pain Res Manag 2016; 2016:5187631. [PMID: 27445616 PMCID: PMC4904633 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5187631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The current study attempted to identify and characterize distinct CP subgroups based on their level of dispositional personality traits. The secondary objective was to compare the difference among the subgroups in mood, coping, and disability. Methods. Individuals with chronic pain were assessed for demographic, psychosocial, and personality measures. A two-step cluster analysis was conducted in order to identify distinct subgroups of patients based on their level of personality traits. Differences in clinical outcomes were compared using the multivariate analysis of variance based on cluster membership. Results. In 229 participants, three clusters were formed. No significant difference was seen among the clusters on patient demographic factors including age, sex, relationship status, duration of pain, and pain intensity. Those with high levels of dispositional personality traits had greater levels of mood impairment compared to the other two groups (p < 0.05). Significant difference in disability was seen between the subgroups. Conclusions. The study identified a high risk group of CP individuals whose level of personality traits significantly correlated with impaired mood and coping. Use of pharmacological treatment alone may not be successful in improving clinical outcomes among these individuals. Instead, a more comprehensive treatment involving psychological treatments may be important in managing the personality traits that interfere with recovery.
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Ernst MM, O'Brien HL, Powers SW. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: How Medical Providers Can Increase Patient and Family Openness and Access to Evidence-Based Multimodal Therapy for Pediatric Migraine. Headache 2015; 55:1382-96. [PMID: 26198185 PMCID: PMC4715506 DOI: 10.1111/head.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although evidence supports the recommendation for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for pediatric migraine, few children actually receive this evidence-based intervention. In this article, we briefly review the most recent empirical evidence supporting CBT. We then identify both provider- and system-related barriers as well as patient-related barriers. Finally, we provide practical solutions to addressing these barriers in the service of facilitating children receiving optimal comprehensive management of their headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Ernst
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hope L O'Brien
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Headache Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott W Powers
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Headache Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Williams H, Simmons LA, Tanabe P. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Advanced Nursing Practice: A Nonpharmacologic Approach to Health Promotion, Chronic Disease Management, and Symptom Control. J Holist Nurs 2015; 33:247-59. [PMID: 25673578 PMCID: PMC4532647 DOI: 10.1177/0898010115569349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to discuss how advanced practice nurses (APNs) can incorporate mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) as a nonpharmacologic clinical tool in their practice. Over the last 30 years, patients and providers have increasingly used complementary and holistic therapies for the nonpharmacologic management of acute and chronic diseases. Mindfulness-based interventions, specifically MBSR, have been tested and applied within a variety of patient populations. There is strong evidence to support that the use of MBSR can improve a range of biological and psychological outcomes in a variety of medical illnesses, including acute and chronic pain, hypertension, and disease prevention. This article will review the many ways APNs can incorporate MBSR approaches for health promotion and disease/symptom management into their practice. We conclude with a discussion of how nurses can obtain training and certification in MBSR. Given the significant and growing literature supporting the use of MBSR in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease, increased attention on how APNs can incorporate MBSR into clinical practice is necessary.
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Foote HW, Hamer JD, Roland MM, Landy SR, Smitherman TA. Psychological flexibility in migraine: A study of pain acceptance and values-based action. Cephalalgia 2015; 36:317-24. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102415590238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies of musculoskeletal pain patients confirm that acceptance of pain and values-based action are strong predictors of pain-related disability and that interventions fostering “psychological flexibility” confer positive outcomes. However, data on these processes in migraine remain limited. This cross-sectional study examined relations between components of psychological flexibility and headache among treatment-seeking migraineurs. Methods A total of 103 adults ( M age = 41.5 (11.9) years; 88.2% female) with ICHD-confirmed migraine (71.8% episodic, 28.2% chronic) across three clinics completed measures of psychological flexibility and headache-related disability. Hierarchical regressions quantified relations between acceptance/values-based action and headache variables after first controlling for pain severity and gender. Results Acceptance of pain and values-based action accounted for 10% of unique variance in headache severity (Δ R2 p = 0.006) and up to 20% in headache-related disability (Δ R2 ps = 0.02 and < 0.001) but were weakly related to headache frequency. Psychological flexibility was more strongly associated with MIDAS-measured disability than was headache severity or headache frequency. Significant effects were typically of medium-to-large size and driven primarily by values-based action. Conclusions Paralleling results from the broader chronic pain literature, pain acceptance and values-based action play significant roles in headache pain and disability. Further study of interventions targeting these processes may enhance existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua D Hamer
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, USA
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23
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Sharp C, Kalpakci A, Mellick W, Venta A, Temple JR. First evidence of a prospective relation between avoidance of internal states and borderline personality disorder features in adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:283-90. [PMID: 24958159 PMCID: PMC10754299 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
At least two leading developmental models of borderline personality disorder (BPD) emphasize the role of accurate reflection and understanding of internal states as significant to the development of BPD features (Fonagy, Int J Psycho-Anal 72:639-656, 1991; Linehan, Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder, 1993). The current study used the construct of experiential avoidance (EA) to operationalize avoidance of internal states and sought to examine (1) the concurrent relations between EA and borderline features in a large and diverse community sample; and (2) the prospective relation between EA and borderline features over a 1-year follow-up, controlling for baseline levels of borderline features. N = 881 adolescents recruited from public schools in a large metropolitan area participated in baseline assessments and N = 730 completed follow-up assessments. Two main findings were reported. First, EA was associated with borderline features, depressive, and anxiety symptoms at the bivariate level, but when all variables were considered together, depression and anxiety no longer remained significantly associated with borderline features, suggesting that the relations among these symptom clusters may be accounted for by EA as a cross-cutting underlying psychological process. Second, EA predicted levels of borderline symptoms at 1-year follow-up, controlling for baseline levels of borderline symptoms, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results are interpreted against the background of developmental theories of borderline personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX, 77204-5022, USA,
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Haller CS. Mindful Creativity Scale (MCS): Validation of a German version of the Langer Mindfulness Scale with patients with severe TBI and controls. Brain Inj 2014; 29:517-26. [PMID: 25536391 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.989906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness may have an impact on the recovery process in patients who have suffered severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). In order to make an instrument for measuring mindfulness within the German speaking clinical community available, a short, easily usable scale and a cross-cultural adaptation is needed. OBJECTIVES To validate the Langer Mindfulness Scale (LMS) with German-speaking patients with severe TBI and their relatives (healthy controls). RESEARCH DESIGN In a prospective cohort study of patients with severe TBI, test-re-test interviews were carried out at 6-month intervals. SAMPLE A total of 225 participants responded to the first survey and 230 completed the second survey. MEASURES LMS, self-report questions on personality, openness and attention, as well as health and clinical evaluations (including cognitive and behavioural assessments). RESULTS On the basis of factor analysis, principal component analysis and item response analysis, the initial 21-items were reduced to six items. The resulting unidimensional scale showed high internal consistency (α = 0.82) and good test-re-test reliability (intra-class correlation for total score = 0.46). External validity was confirmed for the entire sample. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the German short form of the original LMS (MCS) is a valid and reliable measure of mindful creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara S Haller
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA , USA
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25
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Dionne F, Blais MC, Monestès JL. Mieux vivre avec la douleur chronique grâce à la thérapie d’acceptation et d’engagement. SANTE MENTALE AU QUEBEC 2014; 38:131-52. [DOI: 10.7202/1023993ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cet article vise à présenter les particularités de la thérapie d’acceptation et d’engagement (Acceptance and Commitment Therapyou « ACT ») dans l’intervention auprès de patients souffrant de douleur chronique. Il décrit le contexte historique du développement des thérapies comportementales et cognitives dans ce domaine et présente les fondements théoriques de l’ACT. Il introduit les composantes d’une intervention basée sur l’acceptation et la pleine conscience en visitant plusieurs concepts du modèle de la flexibilité psychologique. Enfin, il synthétise un certain nombre de données probantes provenant des études expérimentales, corrélationnelles et cliniques qui appuient l’utilisation de l’ACT dans le domaine de la douleur chronique.
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Bullis JR, Bøe HJ, Asnaani A, Hofmann SG. The benefits of being mindful: trait mindfulness predicts less stress reactivity to suppression. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2014; 45:57-66. [PMID: 23994223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There has been a recent proliferation of research evaluating the efficacy of mindfulness as a clinical intervention. However, there is still little known about trait mindfulness, or how trait mindfulness interacts with maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. The current study further explores the effect of trait mindfulness on emotion regulation, as well as whether specific factors of trait mindfulness are uniquely associated with subjective and autonomic reactivity to stress. METHODS Forty-eight healthy male participants were trained in the use of the suppression strategy and then instructed to suppress their responses to the inhalation of a 15% CO2-enriched air mixture for 90 s while their subjective distress and heart rate were recorded. RESULTS After controlling for anxiety-related variables, the ability to provide descriptions of observed experiences predicted less heart rate reactivity to CO2 inhalation, while skillfulness at restricting attention to the present moment was uniquely predictive of less subjective distress. The tendency to attend to bodily or sensory stimuli predicted greater distress during CO2 inhalation. LIMITATIONS The inclusion of only healthy males limits the generalizability of study findings. Also, the sample size was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that factors associated with trait mindfulness predict less stress reactivity and distress while engaging in suppression above and beyond other variables that have been shown to predict anxious responding. The implications for emotion and clinical research are discussed.
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Abstract
Several empirical studies have shown that personal characteristics act as differential variables, which determine how pain is experienced and how the chronic pain patient adjusts to pain. The main aim of the present research is to review the relationships between some dispositional characteristics and pain adjustment. Taking into account the empirical literature, 6 personality traits that are relevant to the pain experience have been selected: neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, and experiential avoidance as risk factors that increase the probability of patients experiencing a disability; and extraversion, optimism, and resilience as personal resources that increase their capacity to manage pain effectively. The results suggest that it would be useful to include an assessment of normal personality structure during the multi-dimensional evaluation of a person with chronic pain. Understanding these individual personality characteristics will aid in designing pain intervention programs and help predict possible treatment outcomes.
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Buhrman M, Skoglund A, Husell J, Bergström K, Gordh T, Hursti T, Bendelin N, Furmark T, Andersson G. Guided internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain patients: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2013; 51:307-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Esteve R, Ramírez-Maestre C. Pain Fear Avoidance and Pain Acceptance: A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Their Influence on Adjustment to Chronic Pain Across Three Samples of Patients. Ann Behav Med 2013; 46:169-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s12160-013-9499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Schmitz AK, Vierhaus M, Lohaus A. Pain tolerance in children and adolescents: Sex differences and psychosocial influences on pain threshold and endurance. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:124-31. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A-K. Schmitz
- Department of Psychology; University of Bielefeld; Bielefeld; Germany
| | - M. Vierhaus
- Department of Psychology; University of Bielefeld; Bielefeld; Germany
| | - A. Lohaus
- Department of Psychology; University of Bielefeld; Bielefeld; Germany
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Thompson M, McCracken LM. Acceptance and related processes in adjustment to chronic pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2012; 15:144-51. [PMID: 21222244 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-010-0170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain poses significant challenges in the lives of many people. At the root of many of these challenges are the behavior patterns pain naturally coordinates. For example, in some cases, attempts to control, reduce, or cure pain through medication, medical procedures, or lifestyle changes can prove unsuccessful, and can dominate all other potential goals. The experience of chronic pain also includes other discouraging, painful, or unwanted psychological experiences, such as thoughts, feelings, and memories. Attempts to control or reduce some of these psychological experiences also can prove unsuccessful and even harmful, further reducing quality of life. This review highlights recent evidence for the utility of acceptance as an alternative when control-based methods are unsuccessful. It describes evidence from experimental, clinical, and treatment outcome studies. The review also notes how work in this area is drawing attention to the wider concept of "psychological flexibility," an overarching process that includes other component processes, such as mindfulness and values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Thompson
- Centre for Pain Services, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Upper Borough Walls, Bath BA11RL, UK
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32
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Wicksell RK, Olsson GL, Melin L. The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ)-further validation including a confirmatory factor analysis and a comparison with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. Eur J Pain 2012; 13:760-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Van Damme S, Crombez G, Van Nieuwenborgh-De Wever K, Goubert L. Is distraction less effective when pain is threatening? An experimental investigation with the cold pressor task. Eur J Pain 2012; 12:60-7. [PMID: 17433739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Distraction is a commonly used strategy to control pain. However there is doubt about its effectiveness as a clinical tool, and results from both experimental and clinical studies remain inconclusive. Recent theoretical advancements suggest that distraction of attention may be less effective when pain is threatening. The aim of the present study was to experimentally investigate this hypothesis. Pain-free volunteers (N=101) participated in a cold pressor test. Half of the participants simultaneously performed a cognitive distraction task, the other half did not. The threat value of the pain was manipulated by means of verbal information. The results showed that distraction resulted in less attention to the pain and lower pain ratings once the cold pressor procedure was halted. The hypothesis that the effectiveness of distraction is modulated by the threat value of pain could not be confirmed. However, threatening information increased catastrophic thoughts and anxiety, and interfered with performance on the distraction task. These findings suggest that caution is required in using distraction as a pain control strategy when the threat value is high, because fearful appraisal of pain is associated with less engagement in distraction tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan Van Damme
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Esteve R, Ramírez-Maestre C, López-Martínez AE. Experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity as dispositional variables and their relationship to the adjustment to chronic pain. Eur J Pain 2011; 16:718-26. [PMID: 22337134 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity has been included in the fear-avoidance model as a vulnerability factor to explain individual differences in fear of pain. Several studies have suggested that the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and some psychopathological disorders is mediated by experiential avoidance, an affect-related regulatory process that involves unwillingness to endure private experiences. The role of these constructs as vulnerability variables has not been investigated in chronic pain patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance as dispositional variables in pain fear-avoidance. Two alternative hypothetical models were tested: one in which anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance would be independently associated with pain fear-avoidance; and second, one in which experiential avoidance would mediate the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and pain fear-avoidance. The sample was composed of 299 patients with chronic back pain. The postulated relationships were tested using LISREL 8.20 software (Scientific Software International, Chicago, IL, USA) and the generally weighted least squares. The structural equation modelling analyses showed that experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity were independently associated with pain fear-avoidance and that anxiety sensitivity had a stronger association with pain fear-avoidance than experiential avoidance. The alternative model, in which experiential avoidance mediates the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and pain fear-avoidance, gave a much worse fit. These results highlight the importance of both anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance as variables which could explain individual differences in pain fear-avoidance. Thus, in terms of prevention, it should be a priority to identify patients with increased anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance during the first stages of the development of chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Esteve
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
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Examination of mask disturbance behavior during a carbon dioxide-enriched air challenge. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2011; 42:253-7. [PMID: 21349246 PMCID: PMC3086949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The present investigation examined mask disturbance behavior in the context of a biological challenge. METHOD Participants included 128 adults (63.3% women; M(age) = 23.2, SD = 8.9) who underwent a 10% carbon dioxide-enriched air challenge. RESULTS Mask disturbance behavior, including complete or partial mask removal, was common during the challenge. Moreover, mask removal behavior during the challenge was significantly related to a greater increase in anxiety pre- to post-challenge, as well as greater levels of self-reported avoidance of a future challenge administration. However, mask touching and lifting behaviors were not related to other challenge criterion variables. LIMITATIONS The current study consisted primarily of young adults and did not include individuals with a panic disorder diagnosis. Replication and extension of the current findings is recommended. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that mask removal behavior during the challenge may represent a possible behavioral marker of panic-relevant risk, although further work is necessary to determine its usefulness as a challenge measure.
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Umberg EN, Pothos EN. Neurobiology of aversive states. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:69-75. [PMID: 21549137 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hoebel and colleagues are often known as students of reward and how it is coded in the CNS. This article, however, attempts to focus on the significant advances by Hoebel and others in dissecting out behavioral components of distinct aversive states and in understanding the neurobiology of aversion and the link between aversive states and addictive behaviors. Reward and aversion are not necessarily dichotomous and may reflect an affective continuum contingent upon environmental conditions. Descriptive and mechanistic studies pioneered by Bart Hoebel have demonstrated that the shift in the reward-aversion spectrum may be, in part, a result of changes in central dopamine/acetylcholine ratio, particularly in the nucleus accumbens. The path to aversion appears to include a specific neurochemical signature: reduced dopamine release and increased acetylcholine release in "reward centers" of the brain. Opioid receptors may have a neuromodulatory role on both of these neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Umberg
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States
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Interrelating Behavioral Measures of Distress Tolerance with Self-Reported Experiential Avoidance. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2011; 29:53-63. [PMID: 21448252 DOI: 10.1007/s10942-011-0127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Experiential avoidance and distress intolerance play a central role in novel behavior therapies, yet they appear to overlap considerably the REBT concept of low frustration tolerance. Using baseline data from 100 adult cigarette smokers enrolled in a clinical trial of smoking cessation therapies, the present study evaluated the convergent validity of common questionnaire measures of experiential avoidance (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire; AAQ; Hayes et al. 2004, and Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale: AIS; Gifford et al. 2004) and behavioral measures of distress tolerance (computerized Mirror Tracing Persistence Task: MTPT-C: Strong et al. 2003; computerized Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task; PASAT-C; Lejuez et al. 2003). The distress tolerance measures correlated significantly (r = .29) with one another. However, the questionnaire measures of experiential avoidance did not correlate with each other, nor with the behavioral measures. Further research is needed on the validity of measuring experiential avoidance by self-report and of the overlap versus distinctiveness of seemingly similar constructs such as experiential avoidance, distress tolerance, and frustration tolerance.
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Gratz KL, Hepworth C, Tull MT, Paulson A, Clarke S, Remington B, Lejuez CW. An experimental investigation of emotional willingness and physical pain tolerance in deliberate self-harm: the moderating role of interpersonal distress. Compr Psychiatry 2011; 52:63-74. [PMID: 21220067 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although theoretical and clinical literature emphasize the role of both an unwillingness to experience emotional distress and physical pain tolerance in deliberate self-harm (DSH), research on their associations with DSH remains limited. This study sought to examine the relationships between DSH and the willingness to experience emotional distress and tolerate physical pain, including the moderating role of interpersonal distress in these relationships. To this end, young adults with recent DSH (n = 43) and controls without any DSH (n = 52) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 emotion-induction conditions (distressing or neutral), after which behavioral measures of both the willingness to experience distress and physical pain tolerance were obtained. Consistent with hypotheses, findings indicated heightened physical pain tolerance among self-harming individuals only under conditions of interpersonal distress. Furthermore, findings provided some support for the hypothesized association between DSH and the unwillingness to experience emotional distress, suggesting that self-harming women evidence less willingness to experience emotional distress only under conditions of depleted regulatory capacity (eg, following an interpersonal stressor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Gratz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Pickett SM, Kurby CA. The Impact of Experiential Avoidance on the Inference of Characters' Emotions: Evidence for an Emotional Processing Bias. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2010; 34:493-500. [PMID: 21197391 PMCID: PMC3011885 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-009-9262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Experiential avoidance is a functional class of maladaptive strategies that contribute to the development and maintenance of psychopathology. Although previous research has demonstrated group differences in the interpretation of aversive stimuli, there is limited work on the influence of experiential avoidance during the online processing of emotion. An experimental design investigated the influence of self-reported experiential avoidance during emotion processing by assessing emotion inferences during the comprehension of narratives that imply different emotions. Results suggest that experiential avoidance is partially characterized by an emotional information processing bias. Specifically, individuals reporting higher experiential avoidance scores exhibited a bias towards activating negative emotion inferences, whereas individuals reporting lower experiential avoidance scores exhibited a bias towards activating positive emotion inferences. Minimal emotional inference was observed for the non-bias affective valence. Findings are discussed in terms of the implications of experiential avoidance as a cognitive vulnerability for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Pickett
- The University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
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Abstract
Recognition of the value of acceptance of the self, others, and the flux of human experience, has philosophical and religious roots that date back thousands of years. The past two decades have witnessed a swell of interest in acceptance, as evidenced by an increase in acceptance-based therapeutic interventions, and a growing appreciation of the paradoxical nature of acceptance and personal change and the role of experiential avoidance in psychopathology. In this article we review historical and contemporary descriptions and definitions of acceptance, measures of acceptance, the relation between acceptance and change, and the role of acceptance in psychopathology and psychotherapy. Our central objective is to delineate a rich conceptual scheme that encompasses the diverse ways in which acceptance has been explicated in classical and contemporary writings, and to highlight the need for further validation of this useful and popular construct.
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Leyro TM, Zvolensky MJ, Bernstein A. Distress tolerance and psychopathological symptoms and disorders: a review of the empirical literature among adults. Psychol Bull 2010; 136:576-600. [PMID: 20565169 PMCID: PMC2891552 DOI: 10.1037/a0019712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We review theory and empirical study of distress tolerance, an emerging risk factor candidate for various forms of psychopathology. Despite the long-standing interest in and promise of work on distress tolerance for understanding adult psychopathology, there has not been a comprehensive review of the extant empirical literature focused on the construct. As a result, a comprehensive synthesis of theoretical and empirical scholarship on distress tolerance, including integration of extant research on the relations between distress tolerance and psychopathology, is lacking. Inspection of the scientific literature indicates that there are a number of promising ways to conceptualize and measure distress tolerance, as well as documented relations between distress tolerance factors and psychopathological symptoms and disorders. Although promising, there also is notable conceptual and operational heterogeneity across the distress tolerance literature. Moreover, a number of basic questions remain unanswered regarding the associations between distress tolerance and other risk and protective factors and processes, as well as its putative role(s) in vulnerability for and resilience to psychopathology. Thus, the current article provides a comprehensive review of past and contemporary theory and research and proposes key areas for future empirical study of this construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Leyro
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, USA.
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Vieten C, Astin JA, Buscemi R, Galloway GP. Development of an acceptance-based coping intervention for alcohol dependence relapse prevention. Subst Abus 2010; 31:108-16. [PMID: 20408062 DOI: 10.1080/08897071003641594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Both psychological and neurobiological findings lend support to the long-standing clinical observation that negative affect is involved in the development and maintenance of alcohol dependence, and difficulty coping with negative affect is a common precipitant of relapse after treatment. Although many current approaches to relapse prevention emphasize change-based strategies for managing negative cognitions and affect, acceptance-based strategies for preventing relapse to alcohol use are intended to provide methods for coping with distress that are fundamentally different from, though in theory complementary to, approaches that emphasize control and change. This paper describes the development of Acceptance-Based Coping for Relapse Prevention (ABCRP), a new intervention for alcohol-dependent individuals who are within 6 months of having quit drinking. Results of preliminary testing indicate that the intervention is feasible with this population; and a small uncontrolled pilot study (N = 23) showed significant (P < .01) improvements in self-reported negative affect, emotional reactivity, perceived stress, positive affect, psychological well-being, and mindfulness level, as well as a trend (P = .06) toward reduction in craving severity between pre- and postintervention assessments. The authors conclude that this acceptance-based intervention seems feasible and holds promise for improving affect and reducing relapse in alcohol-dependent individuals, warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Vieten
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.
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Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clin Psychol Rev 2010; 30:865-78. [PMID: 21151705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1200] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, positive emotions and thoughts, strengths, and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs for belonging, competence, and autonomy have been seen as the cornerstones of psychological health. Without disputing their importance, these foci fail to capture many of the fluctuating, conflicting forces that are readily apparent when people navigate the environment and social world. In this paper, we review literature to offer evidence for the prominence of psychological flexibility in understanding psychological health. Thus far, the importance of psychological flexibility has been obscured by the isolation and disconnection of research conducted on this topic. Psychological flexibility spans a wide range of human abilities to: recognize and adapt to various situational demands; shift mindsets or behavioral repertoires when these strategies compromise personal or social functioning; maintain balance among important life domains; and be aware, open, and committed to behaviors that are congruent with deeply held values. In many forms of psychopathology, these flexibility processes are absent. In hopes of creating a more coherent understanding, we synthesize work in emotion regulation, mindfulness and acceptance, social and personality psychology, and neuropsychology. Basic research findings provide insight into the nature, correlates, and consequences of psychological flexibility and applied research provides details on promising interventions. Throughout, we emphasize dynamic approaches that might capture this fluid construct in the real-world.
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Branstetter-Rost A, Cushing C, Douleh T. Personal Values and Pain Tolerance: Does a Values Intervention Add to Acceptance? THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2009; 10:887-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bonn-Miller MO, Zvolensky MJ, Bernstein A. Discomfort intolerance: evaluation of incremental validity for panic-relevant symptoms using 10% carbon dioxide-enriched air provocation. J Anxiety Disord 2009; 23:197-203. [PMID: 18684586 PMCID: PMC2655116 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation examined the relation between discomfort intolerance and panic-relevant symptoms among 216 (117 women) young adults who participated in a biological challenge procedure. Partially consistent with hypotheses, after covarying for anxiety sensitivity, negative affectivity, and emotional acceptance, the intolerance subscale of the Discomfort Intolerance scale [DIS; Schmidt, N. B., Richey, J. A., & Fitzpatrick, K. K. (2006). Discomfort intolerance: development of a construct and measure relevant to panic disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 263-280] was significantly incrementally related to increased post-challenge anxiety focused on bodily sensations, physical panic symptoms, and behavioral avoidance, but not cognitive panic symptoms. Inconsistent with prediction, the avoidance subscale of the DIS was not significantly related to any of the dependent variables. Results are discussed in relation to better understanding the role of discomfort intolerance as a unique explanatory factor in the context of panic psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel O Bonn-Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Care Evaluation, Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
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Kelly MM, Forsyth JP. Associations between emotional avoidance, anxiety sensitivity, and reactions to an observational fear challenge procedure. Behav Res Ther 2009; 47:331-8. [PMID: 19233346 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that emotional avoidance and anxiety sensitivity are associated with more self-reported fear and distress in response to laboratory fear challenge procedures. The present study aimed to expand upon this work and examined how emotional avoidance and anxiety sensitivity are related to emotional and physiological responses to an observational fear challenge procedure. To accomplish this aim, a carefully screened, non-clinical sample (N=43) was administered the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), a measure of emotional avoidance, and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI). Participants then engaged in an observational fear challenge paradigm. During the fear challenge, participants watched mock panic attacks while emotional (e.g., fear and panic) and skin conductance levels were assessed. Consistent with expectation, emotional avoidance and anxiety sensitivity were positively associated with more self-reported fear and more severe panic symptoms to the challenge procedure. However, anxiety sensitivity was more highly associated with self-reported fear and panic symptoms in response to the challenge procedure than emotional avoidance. Emotional avoidance and anxiety sensitivity were not associated with levels of physiological arousal to the observational fear challenge procedure. Discussion focuses on the interplay between emotional avoidance, anxiety sensitivity, and the development of vicarious fear responses and how these constructs may contribute to the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Kelly
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
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47
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Dannecker EA, George SZ. A comparison of laboratory measures of escape and avoidance behavior. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2008; 10:53-9. [PMID: 18774344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Escape and avoidance of the onset of pain and exacerbations of pain can be difficult to distinguish in certain circumstances. This investigation compared measures of participants' (N = 61, 50.8% women) escape and avoidance behavior during an ischemic pain task. Instructions for the ischemic task were manipulated so that one group stopped the task whenever they wanted (eg, before the onset of pain) and another group endured the ischemic pain to tolerance. Delay time before beginning the task and willingness to complete the task were not related to self-reported escape/avoidance (r = -.21, P = .10; r = -.14, P = .30). Also, they were not predicted by fear, anxiety, or catastrophizing. Task duration with the unrestricted stop rule was not related to self-reported escape/avoidance (r = -.13, P = .50) and was not predicted by fear, anxiety, or catastrophizing. However, task duration with the tolerance stop rule was associated with self-reported escape/avoidance (r = -.40, P = .02) and was predicted by catastrophizing (t(29) = -2.92, P < .01). Thus, evidence for the validity of task duration with a tolerance stop rule as a measure of escape from pain or avoidance of pain exacerbation was found. PERSPECTIVE Measures of avoidance of pain onset were not supported. However, task duration was a valid measure of escape from pain or avoidance of pain exacerbation with tolerance stop rules. Other measures of escape/avoidance behavior and participants' perceptions of stable or increasing pain level throughout a pain task should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Dannecker
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-4250, USA.
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Esteve R, Ramírez-Maestre C, López-Marínez AE. Adjustment to chronic pain: the role of pain acceptance, coping strategies, and pain-related cognitions. Ann Behav Med 2008; 33:179-88. [PMID: 17447870 DOI: 10.1007/bf02879899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has found that acceptance of pain is more successful than coping variables in predicting adjustment to pain. PURPOSE To compare the influence of acceptance, pain-related cognitions and coping in adjustment to chronic pain. METHODS One hundred seventeen chronic pain patients attending the Clinical Pain Unit were administered a battery of questionnaires assessing pain acceptance, active and passive coping, pain-related cognitions, and adjustment. RESULTS The influence of acceptance, coping, and cognition on all the adjustment variables was considered simultaneously via Structural Equation Modeling using LISREL 8.30 software. A multigroup analysis showed that the male and female samples did not significantly differ regarding path coefficients. The final model showed that acceptance of pain determined functional status and functional impairment. However, coping measures had a significant influence on measures of emotional distress. Catastrophizing self-statements significantly influenced reported pain intensity and anxiety; resourcefulness beliefs had a negative and significant influence on depression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that acceptance may play a critical role in the maintenance of functioning and, with this aim, acceptance-based treatments are promising to avoid the development of disability. They also lend support to the role of control beliefs and of active coping to maintain a positive mood. Acceptance and coping are presented as complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Esteve
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicologícos Facultad de Psicologia, University of Málaga, Spain.
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Tiwari S, Podell JC, Martin ED, Mychailyszyn MP, Furr JM, Kendall PC. Experiential avoidance in the parenting of anxious youth: Theory, research, and future directions. Cogn Emot 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/02699930801886599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vowles KE, McNeil DW, Gross RT, McDaniel ML, Mouse A, Bates M, Gallimore P, McCall C. Effects of pain acceptance and pain control strategies on physical impairment in individuals with chronic low back pain. Behav Ther 2007; 38:412-25. [PMID: 18021955 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial treatments for chronic pain are effective. There is a need, however, to understand the processes involved in determining how these treatments contribute to behavior change. Control and acceptance strategies represent two potentially important processes involved in treatment, although they differ significantly in approach. Results from laboratory-based studies suggest that acceptance-oriented strategies significantly enhance pain tolerance and behavioral persistence, compared with control-oriented strategies. There is a need, however, to investigate processes of acceptance and control directly in clinical settings. The present study investigated the effects of three brief instructional sets (pain control, pain acceptance, continued practice) on demonstrated physical impairment in 74 individuals with chronic low back pain using an analogue experimental design. After controlling for baseline performance, the pain acceptance group demonstrated greater overall functioning on a set of 7 standardized physical tasks relative to the other two groups, which did not differ from one another. Further, the acceptance group exhibited a 16.3% improvement in impairment, whereas the pain control group worsened by 8.3% and the continued practice group improved by 2.5%. These results suggest that acceptance may be a key process involved in behavior change in individuals with chronic pain.
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