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Plas SL, Oleksiak CR, Pitre C, Melton C, Moscarello JM, Maren S. Acute stress yields a sex-dependent facilitation of signaled active avoidance in rats. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 31:100656. [PMID: 38994219 PMCID: PMC11238190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by excessive fear, hypervigilance, and avoidance of thoughts, situations or reminders of the trauma. Among these symptoms, relatively little is known about the etiology of pathological avoidance. Here we sought to determine whether acute stress influences avoidant behavior in adult male and female rats. We used a stress procedure (unsignaled footshock) that is known to induce long-term sensitization of fear and potentiate aversive learning. Rats were submitted to the stress procedure and, one week later, underwent two-way signaled active avoidance conditioning (SAA). In this task, rats learn to prevent an aversive outcome (shock) by performing a shuttling response when exposed to a warning signal (tone). We found that acute stress significantly enhanced SAA acquisition rate in females, but not males. Female rats exhibited significantly greater avoidance responding on the first day of training relative to controls, reaching similar levels of performance by the second day. Males that underwent the stress procedure showed similar rates of acquisition to controls but exhibited resistance to extinction. This was manifest as both elevated avoidance and intertrial responding across extinction days relative to non-stressed controls, an effect that was not observed in females. In a second experiment, acute stress sensitized footshock unconditioned responses in males, not females. However, males and females exhibited similar levels of stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL), which was expressed as sensitized freezing to a shock-paired context. Together, these results reveal that acute stress facilitates SAA performance in both male and female rats, though the nature of this effect is different in the two sexes. We did not observe sex differences in SEFL, suggesting that the stress-induced sex difference in performance was selective for instrumental avoidance. Future work will elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the differential effect of stress on instrumental avoidance in male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Plas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Cecily R. Oleksiak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Claire Pitre
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Chance Melton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Justin M. Moscarello
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Stephen Maren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Cojocaru CM, Popa CO, Schenk A, Marian Ș, Marchean H, Suciu BA, Szasz S, Popoviciu H, Mureșan S. Personality and Pain Outcomes in Rheumatic Disease: The Mediating Role of Psychological Flexibility. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1087. [PMID: 38891162 PMCID: PMC11171698 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is associated with increased disability and vulnerability to emotional disorders. Personality and psychological flexibility (PF) describe interindividual differences that shape the adjustment to chronic pain. Specifically, PF was found to be associated with pain, fatigue, anxiety, and depression intensity. Although previous studies established strong correlations between personality and pain outcomes, evidence on the nature of this relationship is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the mediating effect of PF on the relationship between personality and distress. METHODS This transversal study included 108 participants (age M = 56.7, SD = 11.3) diagnosed with musculoskeletal chronic pain. Self-reported measures were administered by the medical care team. Multiple mediation models were performed for estimating the indirect effects on each outcome variable. RESULTS After controlling for age and gender covariates, we found that PF completely mediated the relationship between personality traits and all pain outcomes and partially mediated the impact of extraversion on anxiety. In addition, emotional stability also had an indirect effect on anxiety through PF. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits and PF are significant predictors of pain outcomes. PF represents a core process mediating the impact of personality traits on the perceived intensity of pain, fatigue, anxiety, and depression in patients with rheumatic disease. These results could facilitate the application of individualized psychological interventions in clinical contexts targeting the reduction of emotional avoidance and in chronic pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana-Manuela Cojocaru
- The Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania; (C.-M.C.); (A.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Cosmin Octavian Popa
- Department of Ethics and Social Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Alina Schenk
- The Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania; (C.-M.C.); (A.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Ștefan Marian
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timişoara, 300223 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Horia Marchean
- The Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania; (C.-M.C.); (A.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Bogdan Andrei Suciu
- Department of Anatomy and Morphological Science, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania;
| | - Simona Szasz
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania; (S.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Horațiu Popoviciu
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania; (S.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Simona Mureșan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania;
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Plas SL, Oleksiak CR, Pitre C, Melton C, Moscarello JM, Maren S. Acute stress yields a sex-dependent facilitation of signaled active avoidance in rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.27.591470. [PMID: 38746268 PMCID: PMC11092500 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.27.591470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by excessive fear, hypervigilance, and avoidance of thoughts, situations or reminders of the trauma. Among these symptoms, relatively little is known about the etiology of pathological avoidance. Here we sought to determine whether acute stress influences avoidant behavior in adult male and female rats. We used a stress procedure (unsignaled footshock) that is known to induce long-term sensitization of fear and potentiate aversive learning. Rats were submitted to the stress procedure and, one week later, underwent two-way signaled active avoidance conditioning (SAA). In this task, rats learn to prevent an aversive outcome (shock) by performing a shuttling response when exposed to a warning signal (tone). We found that acute stress significantly enhanced SAA acquisition rate in females, but not males. Female rats exhibited significantly greater avoidance responding on the first day of training relative to controls, reaching similar levels of performance by the second day. Males that underwent the stress procedure showed similar rates of acquisition to controls but exhibited resistance to extinction. This was manifest as both elevated avoidance and intertrial responding across extinction days relative to non-stressed controls, an effect that was not observed in females. In a second experiment, acute stress sensitized footshock unconditioned responses in males, not females. However, males and females exhibited similar levels of stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL), which was expressed as sensitized freezing to a shock-paired context. Together, these results reveal that acute stress facilitates SAA performance in both male and female rats, though the nature of this effect is different in the two sexes. We did not observe sex differences in SEFL, suggesting that the stress-induced sex difference in performance was selective for instrumental avoidance. Future work will elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the differential effect of stress on instrumental avoidance in male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Plas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Cecily R. Oleksiak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Claire Pitre
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Chance Melton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Justin M. Moscarello
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Stephen Maren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
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Langer ÁI, Ponce FP, Ordóñez-Carrasco JL, Fuentes-Ferrada R, Mac-Ginty S, Gaete J, Núñez D. Psychometric evidence of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II): an item response theory analysis in university students from Chile. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:111. [PMID: 38429801 PMCID: PMC10908082 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiential avoidance (EA) is a psychological mechanism associated with several mental health disorders and is regarded as a relevant target by third-generation cognitive behavioral therapies. It has been mainly assessed through self-report questionnaires, and the AAQ-II is the most used tool. Its psychometric evidence has been mostly tested through the classical test theory (CTT) and very scarcely assessed through Item Response Theory (IRT). METHODS We used the Graded Response Model to examine its psychometric properties in Spanish-speaking university students (n = 1503; women = 995 (66.2%), mean age = 19.29, SD = 2.45). We tested whether the empirical data fit the model's predictions and estimated the dispersion of persons and items along the experiential avoidance continuum. Moreover, we examined category probability curves to identify the response probability of each answer. Likewise, an item-person map was made where the measurement of persons and items, both on the same scale and along the experiential avoidance continuum, could be observed jointly. Finally, we tested the gender invariance of the scale. RESULTS We found that the values of the individuals and the items were in the established range to be considered an adequate measure of EA. Additionally, we observed high discrimination indices for all items. The current version with seven answer options could not be optimal and should be tested in future studies. Finally, we found evidence of differential functioning by gender in one of the seven items of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the AAQ-II is a suitable tool for measuring EA and accurately classifying and differentiating EA levels in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro I Langer
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Psychology and Humanities, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando P Ponce
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, s/n, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus on Intergenerational Mobility: From Modelling to Policy (MOVI), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Reiner Fuentes-Ferrada
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Psychology and Humanities, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Scarlett Mac-Ginty
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jorge Gaete
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile
- Research Center for Students Mental Health (ISME), Faculty of Education, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Núñez
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile.
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, s/n, Talca, Chile.
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Ludlow AK, Anderson S, Robinson S, Owen T, Hedderly T. An investigation into mothers' experiences of their children's functional tic-like behaviour and tic attacks. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292742. [PMID: 38166108 PMCID: PMC10760889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is the first study to systematically explore the lived experiences of sudden and new onset of severe functional tics from the perspective of the mother's experiences and describes their attempts to access support services in the United Kingdom. METHOD Twenty-One mothers of young people aged between 12 to 17 years with functional tic-like behaviour (FTLB) took part in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews revealed gaps and inconsistencies within the process of gaining access to professional services and a lack of support for the management of tics and functional tic-like movements, in addition to highlighting the impact it had on daily family life. RESULTS The themes generated included the occurrence and development of tics, the severity and intensity of symptoms, the psychological impact on the family and the need to make recommendations for a clear care pathway. Managing the impact of the FTLB and co-occurring conditions such as suicidal ideation and self-harm, as well as the physical and emotional trauma, commonly contributed to feelings of isolation and helplessness, which impacted negatively on the family's ability to function and participate in society. CONCLUSIONS The findings emphasize the urgent need to create a clear management pathway for those experiencing FTLB, including the need for more professionals with relevant knowledge, to improve the dialogue with families during the referral process, whilst prioritising the treatment of anxiety and other identified mental health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Ludlow
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sally Robinson
- Southend, Essex and Thurrock Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamsin Owen
- TANDeM, Evelina London Children’s Hospital Guy’s and St Thomas’, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tammy Hedderly
- TANDeM, Evelina London Children’s Hospital Guy’s and St Thomas’, London, United Kingdom
- Kings College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Panayiotou G, Artemi TF, Theodorou M, Theodorou C, Neophytou K. Not “just for fun”: Gambling, substance use, and the transdiagnostic role of emotion regulation. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2183677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Panayiotou
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Tonia-Flery Artemi
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Theodorou
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christiana Theodorou
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Klavdia Neophytou
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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7
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Enthoven ASD, Gangadin SS, de Haan L, Veling W, de Vries EFJ, Doorduin J, Begemann MJH, Sommer IEC. The association of childhood trauma with depressive and negative symptoms in recent onset psychosis: a sex-specific analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7795-7804. [PMID: 37435649 PMCID: PMC10755234 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma may impact the course of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), specifically in relation to the increased severity of depressive or negative symptoms. The type and impact of trauma may differ between sexes. In a large sample of recent-onset patients, we investigated the associations of depressive and negative symptoms with childhood trauma and whether these are sex-specific. METHODS A total of 187 first-episode psychosis patients in remission (Handling Antipsychotic Medication: Long-term Evaluation of Targeted Treatment study) and 115 recent-onset SSD patients (Simvastatin study) were included in this cross-sectional study (men: n = 218; women: n = 84). Total trauma score and trauma subtypes were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form; depressive and negative symptoms were rated using the Positive And Negative Symptoms Scale. Sex-specific regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Women reported higher rates of sexual abuse than men (23.5% v. 7.8%). Depressive symptoms were associated with total trauma scores and emotional abuse ratings in men (β: 0.219-0.295; p ≤ 0.001). In women, depressive symptoms were associated with sexual abuse ratings (β: 0.271; p = 0.011). Negative symptoms were associated with total trauma score and emotional neglect ratings in men (β: 0.166-0.232; p ≤ 0.001). Negative symptoms in women were not linked to childhood trauma, potentially due to lack of statistical power. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptom severity was associated with different types of trauma in men and women with recent-onset SSD. Specifically, in women, depressive symptom severity was associated with childhood sexual abuse, which was reported three times as often as in men. Our results emphasize the importance of sex-specific analyses in SSD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie D. Enthoven
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shiral S. Gangadin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Early Psychosis, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Veling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F. J. de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - HAMLETT and OPHELIA Consortium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J. H. Begemann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E. C. Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ludlow AK, Osborne C, Keville S. Selective Mutism in Children With and Without an Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Sensory Avoidance in Mediating Symptoms of Social Anxiety. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3891-3900. [PMID: 35904647 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study addressed the different contributors to social anxiety in children with Selective Mutism (SM), with and without co-occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (SM + ASD). Seventy-five parents completed an online composite questionnaire consisting of the symptoms of SM and ASD, anxiety and sensory measures. The results found the SM + ASD group showed significantly higher levels of social anxiety and sensory avoidance compared to the SM only group. However, a simple mediation model revealed sensory avoidance to be a mediator of this relationship between the diagnosis and social anxiety.. Therefore, higher levels of sensory avoidance may help to differentiate social anxiety between the groups and may also be a sign of ASD in children with SM who have and/or are yet to receive an ASD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Ludlow
- School of Psychology, Geography and Sports Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL10 9AB, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Clarissa Osborne
- School of Psychology, Geography and Sports Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL10 9AB, Hatfield, UK
| | - Saskia Keville
- School of Psychology, Geography and Sports Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL10 9AB, Hatfield, UK
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Glickman KL, Smith SW, Woods EC. Psychological distress, attitudes toward seeking help, and utilization of college counseling at a predominantly minority college. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:765-774. [PMID: 33891513 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1908301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined psychological distress among students at a predominantly-minority college, attitudes toward seeking help, and utilization of college counseling services. Demographic variables and associations between 8 problem areas (depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, academic stress, eating concerns, family distress, hostility, substance use) were explored. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 347 students at a large public university. METHODS In 2016-2017, students completed a Web-based questionnaire providing information about their mental health, attitudes toward seeking help, and utilization of counseling services. RESULTS Psychological distress was significantly higher for LGBQT, Muslim and female students and lower for Christian affiliated and religious students. LGBQT students were less likely to seek psychological help than other students. Utilization of college counseling did not differ by race or gender. CONCLUSIONS Administrators at PMCs must increase their efforts to disseminate information about mental health services and reduce barriers to seeking help, particularly for LGBQT, female and Muslim students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Glickman
- Assistant Professor of Social Work, York College/CUNY, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Scott W Smith
- Student Psychological Counselor/Licensed Psychologist, Counseling Center, Room AC-1G03E, York College/CUNY, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Ericka C Woods
- NYS Licensed Psychologist, Student Psychological Counselor, Counseling Center, Room AC-1G03E, York College/CUNY, Jamaica, NY, USA
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Hamid AARM, Miskry ASAA, Darweesh AHM. The relationship between coping and distress among faculty members and students during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: The moderating effect of gender. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1103049. [PMID: 36911133 PMCID: PMC9992169 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has documented significant associations between the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, various mental health problems, and coping strategies. However, literature on the moderating role of gender on the relationship between distress and coping strategies during COVID-19 is almost nonexistent. Hence, the main objective of this study was two folds. To examine gender differences in distress and coping strategies, and to test the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between distress and coping among university faculty members and students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD A cross-sectional web-based study design was used to collect data from the participants. A sample of 649 participants (68.9% university students and 31.1% faculty members) was selected. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) were used to collect data from the participants. The survey was sent out during the COVID-19 lockdown from May 12th to June 30th, 2020. RESULTS The results showed significant gender differences in distress and the three coping strategies. Women consistently scored higher on distress (p < 0.01), task-focused (p < 0.05), emotion-focused (p < 0.001), and avoidance coping (p < 0.01) compared to men. Gender moderated the relationship between emotion-focused coping and distress (p < 0.001) but not the relationship between distress and task-focused or avoidance coping. CONCLUSION Increased emotion-focused coping is associated with decreased distress among women while the use of emotion-focused coping by men predicted more distress. Workshops and programs focused on providing skills and techniques on how to cope with stressful situations induced by the COVID-19 pandemic are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A R M Hamid
- Department of Clinical Psychology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Abdel Hameed M Darweesh
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Smith AR, Jones EL, Subar AR, Do QB, Kircanski K, Leibenluft E, Brotman MA, Pine DS, Silk JS. The role of anxiety and gender in anticipation and avoidance of naturalistic anxiety‐provoking experiences during adolescence: An ecological momentary assessment study. JCPP ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Smith
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Emily L. Jones
- Department of Psychology University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Anni R. Subar
- Department of Psychology University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Quyen B. Do
- Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Melissa A. Brotman
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Jennifer S. Silk
- Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
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12
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Yıldırım JC, Bahtiyar B. The Association between Metacognitions and Worry: The Mediator Role of Experiential Avoidance Strategies. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:552-567. [PMID: 35981237 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although experiential avoidance is emphasized as an underlying factor for persevering worry, limited empirical attempt exists to integrate this concept with cognitive models explaining pathological worry. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the mediator role of different experiential avoidance strategies in the relationship between metacognitions and worry-related symptoms. The study was conducted with a community sample consisting of 563 volunteer participants (405 females, 158 males) whose ages ranged between 18 and 40 (M = 25.56, SD = 4.72). Online data collection of self-report measures including demographic information form, Metacognitions Questionnaire-30, Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire, and Penn State Worry Questionnaire was applied. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that experiential avoidance predicted worry beyond metacognition. In addition, particular avoidant strategies, aversion/avoidance, procrastination, distraction, and distress endurance explained the associations between positive and negative metacognitive beliefs and worry. Current findings point to different avoidant strategies that might play a role in the intensification and maintenance of worry and suggest the benefits of incorporating acceptance and commitment-based interventions with metacognitive therapy for better therapeutic outcomes.
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13
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Gender and Public Perception of Disasters: A Multiple Hazards Exploratory Study of EU Citizens. SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/safety8030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore gender influence on individual risk perception of multiple hazards and personal attitudes towards disaster preparedness across EU citizens. Method: An online survey was distributed to 2485 participants from Spain, France, Poland, Sweden and Italy. The survey was divided into two parts. The first part examined perceived likelihood (L), perceived personal impact (I) and perceived self-efficacy (E) towards disasters due to extreme weather conditions (flood, landslide and storm), fire, earthquake, hazardous materials accidents, and terrorist attacks. The overall risk rating for each specific hazard was measured through the following equation R = (L × I)/E and the resulting scores were brought into the range between 0 and 1. The second part explored people’s reactions to the Pros and Cons of preparedness to compute the overall attitudes of respondents towards preparation (expressed as a ratio between −1 and 1). Results: Although we found gender variations on concerns expressed as the likelihood of the occurrence, personal consequences and self-efficacy, the overall risks were judged significantly higher by females in all hazards (p < 0.01). We also found that, in general, most respondents (both males and females) were in favour of preparedness. More importantly, despite the gender differences in risk perception, there were no significant differences in the attitudes towards preparedness. We found weak correlations between risks perceived and attitudes towards preparedness (rho < 0.20). The intersectional analysis showed that young and adult females perceived higher risks than their gender counterparts at the same age. There were also gender differences in preparedness, i.e., females in higher age ranges are more motivated for preparedness than men in lower age ranges. We also found that risk perception for all hazards in females was significantly higher than in males at the same education level. We found no significant differences between sub-groups in the pros and cons of getting ready for disasters. However, females at a higher level of education have more positive attitudes towards preparedness. Conclusions: This study suggests that gender along with other intersecting factors (e.g., age and education) still shape differences in risk perception and attitudes towards disasters across the EU population. Overall, the presented results policy actions focus on promoting specific DRR policies and practices (bottom-up participatory and learning processes) through interventions oriented to specific target groups from a gender perspective.
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Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Ho SMY. Active and avoidant coping profiles in children and their relationship with anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13430. [PMID: 35927558 PMCID: PMC9352659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Active and avoidant coping styles are important dispositional factors in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms. Children use both active and avoidant coping strategies together in daily life. No studies have investigated the relationship between active–avoidant coping profiles and internalizing symptoms in children. The present study aimed to investigate children’s active–avoidant coping profiles and assess the relationship that active–avoidant coping profiles have with anxiety and depression symptoms. A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted among 322 Chinese children in the People’s Republic of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed the Children’s Coping Strategies Checklist-Revised 1 at Time 1 and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale at Time 1 and 6 months later (Time 2). Four active–avoidant coping profiles were revealed: low active copers, high active copers, balanced copers, and avoidant copers. Low and high active copers had lower levels of anxiety and depression symptoms than balanced copers and avoidant copers. Avoidant copers showed a larger decrease in depression symptoms than balanced copers and high active copers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to improve children’s active–avoidant coping profiles to relieve anxiety and depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Zhang
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Floor 7, AC1, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Yanlin Zhou
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Floor 7, AC1, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Rd, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou, China
| | - Samuel M Y Ho
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Floor 7, AC1, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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15
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Memmott-Elison MK, Yu M, Maiya S, Dicus JL, Carlo G. Relations between stress, coping strategies, and prosocial behavior in U.S. Mexican college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1644-1650. [PMID: 32924853 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1817035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We explored the explanatory roles of active and avoidant coping in the link between stress and emotional prosocial behavior in U.S. Mexican college students. Participants: Participants included 148 college students (Mage = 23 years, 67% female, 84% born in the U.S.) who self-identified as Mexican or U.S. Mexican or noted that their parents or grandparents were of Mexican or U.S. Mexican origin. Methods: Introduction to Psychology students at state universities in California and Texas completed a self-report survey packet and received class credit for their participation. Data were analyzed via path analysis using Mplus 8.1 software. Results: U.S. Mexican college students' stress was indirectly associated with their emotional prosocial behavior through both active and avoidant coping strategies. Conclusions: Relations between stress and adjustment (i.e., emotional prosocial behavior) is dependent upon individuals' coping tendencies. U.S. Mexicans may cope with their stress by engaging in emotional prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mansoo Yu
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sahitya Maiya
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J Logan Dicus
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gustavo Carlo
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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16
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McLean CL, Chu GM, Karnaze MM, Bloss CS, Lang AJ. Social support coping styles and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of sex. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:106-110. [PMID: 35429530 PMCID: PMC9005353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to the onset and exacerbation of mental health problems, such as stress, anxiety, and depression; yet stay-at-home-orders affected individuals' ability to make use of social support as a coping skill in managing distress. We aimed to evaluate how social support (emotional and instrumental) and biological sex were associated with stress, anxiety, and depression early in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Participants (n = 7256) had an average age of 50.13 years (SD = 16.75) and 51.6% were male. Using a cross-sequential design, seven cohorts of individuals completed baseline (T1) and one-month follow-up (T2) questionnaires online from March to July of 2020. We used a series of hierarchical regressions to identify types of social support (Brief-COPE, T1) associated with stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10, T1 and T2), anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4, T2). RESULTS Greater emotional support was associated with less perceived stress, anxiety and depression (all ps < 0.001), whereas greater instrumental support predicted increased distress (all ps < 0.036) on all four outcomes. Moderation analyses revealed that greater emotional social support was associated with lower perceived stress at T1 for both women and men, with a stronger association for women relative to men. For women, greater emotional social support predicted lower anxiety. LIMITATIONS Self-selection may have introduced bias and participant self-report on brief measures may not have fully captured coping and distress. CONCLUSIONS Interventions enhancing emotional social support strategies, which appear especially important for women, might help manage enduring stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin L McLean
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States of America; University of California San Diego (UCSD), United States of America.
| | - Gage M Chu
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States of America; University of California San Diego (UCSD), United States of America
| | - Melissa M Karnaze
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UCSD, United States of America; Center for Empathy and Technology, T. Denny Sanford Institute for Empathy and Compassion, UCSD, United States of America
| | - Cinnamon S Bloss
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UCSD, United States of America; Center for Empathy and Technology, T. Denny Sanford Institute for Empathy and Compassion, UCSD, United States of America
| | - Ariel J Lang
- University of California San Diego (UCSD), United States of America; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UCSD, United States of America; VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), United States of America
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17
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Wang S, Xu H, Zhang S, Yang R, Li D, Sun Y, Wan Y, Tao F. Linking Childhood Maltreatment and Psychological Symptoms: The Role of Social Support, Coping Styles, and Self-Esteem in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP620-NP650. [PMID: 32389058 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520918571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Psychological symptoms are common among adolescents in China, which are associated with various negative consequences. There has been a pressing need for additional research of factors responsible for the occurrence of psychological symptoms during this developmental period, among which childhood maltreatment, personal coping style, one's levels of social support, and self-esteem deserve our attention. The association between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms is evident; however, the possible mediating effect of the other three factors mentioned above remains unclear. Hence, the current study aims to investigate the possible mediating roles of social support, coping style, and self-esteem in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the development of psychological symptoms among adolescents. An adolescent-based health survey was conducted between 2013 and 2014 in 15 schools in China. A total of 9,704 students (aged 11-19 years) were enrolled and measures on childhood maltreatment, social support, coping styles, self-esteem, and psychological symptoms were completed. It was found that childhood maltreatment was positively correlated with psychological symptoms and negative coping styles, and negatively correlated with social support, positive coping styles, and self-esteem (p < .001). Social support, coping styles, and self-esteem mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms. The estimated effect of childhood maltreatment on the occurrence of psychological symptoms could be explained by the mediation of social support, positive coping styles, negative coping styles, and self-esteem, whose ratio of roles came to 13.8%, 7.5%, 20.9%, and 10.3%, respectively. These findings indicate a need to promote social support, self-esteem, and positive coping styles, and decrease the level of negative coping styles, to markedly reduce the impact of psychological symptoms of childhood maltreatment among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Danlin Li
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
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18
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Abdoshahi M, Kondric M, Huang CJ. Sex-based differences in cognitive anxiety and felt arousal of elite archers: a field study. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 150:252-266. [PMID: 34898415 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2021.2008857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety between male and female archers across different competition stages. Fifty-seven professional recurve archers (28 men, 29 women) who participated in the Asian Archery Championships were recruited as participants. Their levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety were recorded during the stages of qualifying, individual elimination, and team competition using the Sport Grid-Revised. The results showed no sex-based differences in competitive anxiety when competition stages were considered. However, the female archers demonstrated higher levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety than the male archers across the different stages. Further, all archers regardless of sex showed higher cognitive anxiety in the individual elimination and team competition stages than the qualifying stage. The findings show sex-based differences in felt arousal and cognitive anxiety before competitions. In addition, increasing cognitive anxiety is likely associated with fundamental differences in levels of competition pressure at various stages of a match. It seems beneficial for athletes to focus on reducing gender stereotypes through preventive interventions and developing effective coping strategies toward competitive anxiety.
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19
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Xiong M, Chen J, Johnson W. Relative deprivation and social anxiety among Chinese migrant children: Testing a moderated mediation model of perceived control and belief in a just world. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2581-2602. [PMID: 34865538 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211059388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the relationship between relative deprivation and social anxiety, which affects mental health, and investigate the mediating role of perceived control and the moderating role of belief in a just world (BJW) in an understudied population in Asia, we surveyed 1573 rural-to-urban migrant children (48% female; Mage = 12.3, SD = 1.7) in southeast China. Relative deprivation was positively correlated with social anxiety; perceived control partially mediated this connection. Moreover, BJW moderated the indirect effect, which was stronger for male migrant children with lower levels of BJW. The limitations and practical implications of this study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiong
- Yangtze University, China.,University of Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Exploring the Link Between Transdiagnostic Cognitive Risk Factors, Anxiogenic Parenting Behaviors, and Child Anxiety. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:1032-1043. [PMID: 33068211 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical models suggest parent anxiety leads to increased anxiogenic parenting, an important etiological factor for child anxiety disorders. Evidence suggests that parents engage in anxiogenic parenting to reduce distress in response to their child's anxiety; however, further study of this mechanism is needed. Cognitive risk factors, including distress intolerance, anxiety sensitivity, emotion-related impulsivity, and repetitive negative thinking are promising to examine as they impact emotion regulation. This study examined whether an indirect association between parent anxiety and anxiogenic parenting via these risk factors exists, and if child anxiety moderated this effect. Findings demonstrated evidence for an indirect association via distress intolerance in mothers at high levels of child anxiety, but not low levels. An unmoderated indirect effect via emotion-related impulsivity was found. Anxiety sensitivity and repetitive negative thinking did not demonstrate significant indirect effects. These findings suggest distress intolerance and emotional-related impulsivity may be targets for parent-focused child anxiety treatments.
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21
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Constantinou M, Gloster AT, Karekla M. I won't comply because it is a hoax: Conspiracy beliefs, lockdown compliance, and the importance of psychological flexibility. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2021; 20:46-51. [PMID: 34754723 PMCID: PMC8567736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented situations (government lockdowns, quarantines, etc.) and stressors (a seemingly “phantom” virus that can be lurking anywhere) causing uncertainty for the future, uncontrollable and unpredictable situations. It appears that especially during times of uncertainty and high stress, conspiracy theories flourish and these can affect the way individuals behave, especially in response to governmental recommendations for social isolation and quarantine. Psychological flexibility, we hypothesized, may act as a protective factor in the relation between COVID-19 distress, conspiracy theory beliefs and consequent behaving. In this respect, the aim of this paper was to examine how conspiracy theory beliefs, COVID-19 distress, adherence behavior, and psychological flexibility interact. Participants were 1001 individuals (802 women; Mage = 35.59years, SD = 10.07), who completed an online survey approximately one month after the first governmental measures of self-isolation and quarantine were enforced. Psychological flexibility was found to mediate the relation between conspiracy theory beliefs and compliance behavior. Further, being highly stressed appeared to increase the probability that a person will believe conspiracy theories, while such beliefs influenced whether a person would follow public health recommendations. Psychological flexibility appeared to be a protective factor at low and moderate distress levels. However, at high levels of COVID-19 distress, individuals prone to conspiracy theory beliefs would be less likely to conform to governmental public health recommendations irrespective of their psychological flexibility levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Constantinou
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrew T Gloster
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62 A, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Karekla
- ACThealthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
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22
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Otanga H, Tanhan A, Musılı PM, Arslan G, Buluş M. Exploring College Students' Biopsychosocial Spiritual Wellbeing and Problems during COVID-19 through a Contextual and Comprehensive Framework. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 20:619-638. [PMID: 34744531 PMCID: PMC8560020 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
College students in Kenya have experienced many mental health issues, and there is little well-grounded research on this topic. Therefore, in this current study, we aimed to explore college students’ biopsychosocial spiritual wellbeing and problems from an Ecological Systems Theory (EST) perspective. Due to lack of previous well-grounded mental health research and services, we collaborated with the college students from the beginning of the study and acted with them to shape the research. Based on all these, we called our theoretical framework for this current paper as exploring college students’ biopsychosocial spiritual wellbeing and problems from the EST perspective. We examined college students’ (N = 518) mental health experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic through six items to measure psychosomatic problems (sadness, anxiety, frustration, stress, loneliness, and withdrawal) and their coping mechanisms (talking to family/friends, physical exercise, social media, reading books, hobbies, spiritual activities, alcohol/drugs, COVID-19 information). Gender and age explained a trivial amount of variance, about 1%, in psychosomatic problems in model one. With the inclusion of the coping strategies and demographic factors (age and gender), the second model explained 24% of the variance in psychosomatic problems. In the second model, the highest effect size originated from talking to family/friends and use of social media. In addition, change in sleeping patterns, sadness, anxiety, and frustration were reported with one in three reporting “poor” or “fair” mental health. In light of the larger COVID-19 and college students’ mental health literature, we discussed the present findings and provided recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habil Otanga
- Department of Psychology, University of Nairobi, Mombasa Campus, Kenya
| | - Ahmet Tanhan
- Economic and Social Research Center-ESAM, Ankara, Turkey.,Institute for Muslim Mental Health, Belleville, MI USA.,Association for Contextual Behavioral Sciences, Turkey Chapter, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Counseling, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC USA.,Department of Counseling, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | | | - Gökmen Arslan
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.,Centre for Wellbeing Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Metin Buluş
- Department of Counseling, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Constantinou E, Georgiou D, Karekla M, Panayiotou G. Subjective distress and physiological reactivity during anxiety-evoking imagery in social anxiety. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Anxiety and dimensions of perfectionism in first year college students: The mediating role of mindfulness. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2021.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Kennedy C, Deane FP, Chan AY. Intolerance of uncertainty and psychological symptoms among people with a missing loved one: Emotion regulation difficulties and psychological inflexibility as mediators. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Thananowan N, Kaesornsamut P, O'Rourke T, Hegadoren K. How Thai Women Manage Living in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP5192-NP5214. [PMID: 30193545 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518799457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although there is literature that describes coping strategies of women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV), the definitions of common coping strategies and the two-dimensional model of coping styles (emotion-or problem-focused) may not fully delineate how these women manage their day-to-day lives. Using an Interpretive Description method and feminist standpoint principles, in-depth interviews were conducted with 40 Thai women regarding how they managed living in the context of IPV. Data were analyzed using an iterative thematic analysis procedure. In this study, the highly changeable and adaptive strategies use by participants could not be easily categorized into emotion-or action/problem-focused. Indeed, the strategies used by Thai women in this study were better described as survival focused. Based on our analysis, the process of managing their day-to-day life in the context of IPV revealed six major themes: keeping silent, disconnect between the fantasy of love and reality, seeking emotional support, ambivalence surrounding leaving, living with negative emotions, and despair and suicide. An undercurrent that was woven throughout multiple themes was the dominant lens of motherhood through which women made day-to-day decisions. These data also highlight the specific impacts that Thai society and religious beliefs have on increasing the risk of IPV and maintaining its duration. All levels of government, religious leaders, and public policy makers must engage in intersectoral initiatives to make public what is now private. Social and health service providers must create safe spaces where women can disclose IPV and where they can get funded multilevel supports to help them live independent of violence. The participants' stories give voice to why Thai health professionals need to fully engage with women to understand the past and current contexts of women's lives and how their experiences impact their health.
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Macmillan CM, Allan S, Johnstone M, Stokes MA. The motivations of donor-conceived adults for seeking information about, and contact with, sperm donors. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:149-158. [PMID: 34006483 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION How do the demographic characteristics, mental health experiences and disclosure experiences of donor-conceived adults shape motivations for seeking information about their sperm donors, contact with them, or both? DESIGN Sixty-nine Australian adults who conceived through sperm donors completed an online survey. Uniquely, information and contact seeking were investigated as two distinct concepts. RESULTS Participants reported a variety of demographic, mental health, disclosure and discovery experiences. Most had been motivated to seek information about their donor (88%), contact with them (71%), or both. The most commonly reported motivations for each act were for medical information, expanding their identity and curiosity. Logistic regression findings were significant for wanting medical information as a motivation for seeking donor information (P = 0.03). Endorsement of this motivation was associated with self-reported anxiety (P = 0.02) and less likely as participant age increased (P = 0.02). Motivation to contact donors for medical information was associated with self-reported anxiety (P = 0.02) and depression (P = 0.01), and more likely when the participant was raised in a household that included the recipient co-parent (P = 0.04). As years since disclosure or discovery increased, participants were less likely to report wanting medical information as a motivation (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Overall, participants were motivated to obtain information and seek contact with sperm donors. Motivations for each were similar despite participants varying in age and reporting a range of circumstances regarding disclosure, some of which were adverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Macmillan
- Department of Health Systems and Populations, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Pl, Macquarie Park NSW 2113, Australia.
| | - Sonia Allan
- Department of Health Systems and Populations, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Pl, Macquarie Park NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Melissa Johnstone
- Department of Health and Human Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 29 Wally's Walk, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mark A Stokes
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood Vic 3125, Australia
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Ferretti F, Gualtieri G, Bossini L, Olivola M, Del Matto L, Desantis S, Fagiolini A, Pozza A, Coluccia A. Convergence between clinician-rated and patient-reported PTSD symptoms in a specialized outpatient service: The moderator role of gender. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:761-769. [PMID: 32853435 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) includes different symptoms: re-experiencing, avoidance of reminders and numbing, and hyperarousal. Although questionnaires are widely used, clinician-administered interviews provide a more comprehensive exploration of symptoms. Few studies examined the convergence between clinician-rated and patient-reported general severity and symptoms, with mixed findings. We explored the association between clinician-rated and patient-reported general severity and symptoms and the moderator role of gender in PTSD patients referred to a specialized outpatient service. DESIGN AND METHODS The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale and Davidson Trauma Scale were administered to 56 patients. FINDINGS Patients classified by clinicians as with higher avoidance/numbing symptoms and women classified with higher hyperarousal symptoms reported higher general severity. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The assessment of the patients reporting high severity should focus on hyperarousal, particularly for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferretti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gualtieri
- Legal Medicine Unit, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Bossini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Miriam Olivola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Del Matto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Serena Desantis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Coluccia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Allen MT. An exploration of the relationships of experiential avoidance (as measured by the aaq-ii and meaq) with negative affect, perceived stress, and avoidant coping styles. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11033. [PMID: 33717714 PMCID: PMC7938778 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current psychotherapies seek to reduce experiential avoidance (EA) which has also been put forth as a risk factor for anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. EA is a potentially maladaptive self-regulatory tendency to avoid negative thoughts, feelings, memories, physical sensations, and other internal experiences. One unresolved issue with the most commonly used measures of EA, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) which measures EA as a single factor and the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) which measures EA as six subdimensions, is what exactly is being measured. The AAQ-II appears to measure negative affect (NA), some aspects of avoidant coping, and psychological distress. In addition, the relationships of all the MEAQ subscales have not been thoroughly examined with these other constructs. In the current study, the relationships of AAQ-II and MEAQ scores with NA, avoidant coping styles, and perceived stress were examined. Methods Two-hundred undergraduates (154 females and 46 males) completed the AAQ-II and MEAQ, the Distressed Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) which includes a measure of NA, the Brief COPE which measures coping styles, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Results Scores on the AAQ-II had moderate positive relationships with the MEAQ total score and all MEAQ subscales with the exception of distress endurance which had a moderate negative relationship. The AAQ-II had a stronger relationship with NA, avoidant coping, and perceived stress than did the MEAQ. All MEAQ subscales had a positive relationship to NA, avoidant coping, and perceived stress with the exception of distress endurance which had a negative relationship with these constructs. While the AAQ-II is limited as a unitary measure of EA the multiple dimensions of the MEAQ may involve an extraneous factor of distress endurance. Future work should examine the relationships of the MEAQ with NA, avoidant coping and perceived stress with clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Todd Allen
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
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Leonidou C, Panayiotou G. Can we predict experiential avoidance by measuring subjective and physiological emotional arousal? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Coping with the invisible enemy: The role of emotion regulation and awareness in quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Silva ACPE, Dos Santos MJ, Góes Gitaí DL, de Miranda Coelho JAP, de Andrade TG. Depression and anxiety symptoms correlate with diurnal preference, sleep habits, and Per3 VNTR polymorphism (rs57875989) in a non-clinical sample. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:260-270. [PMID: 32841827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidences suggest that alterations in circadian rhythms trigger the development of mental disorders. Eveningness, sleep behavior, and circadian genes polymorphisms have been associated with depression and anxiety symptomatology. However, the mechanism underlying these interactions is not well understood. We investigated the contribution of diurnal preference, sleep habits, and PER3 VNTR polymorphism (rs57875989) to depression and anxiety symptoms in a Northeast sample from the Brazilian population. METHODS Eight hundred and four young adults completed the Morningness-Eveningness (MEQ), Munich Chronotype (MCTQ), Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression (CES-D), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaires. All participants were genotyped and linear regression was performed to test the interactions between the genetic /behavioral variants and depression/ anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Eveningness and sleep behaviors (bedtime, wake-up time, sleep duration, and midpoint of sleep) were correlated with depression symptomatology, specifically in somatic factors of the CES-D questionnaire. No correlation was found between diurnal preference/sleep habits with anxiety symptoms for both BAI total score and its factors. However, women with PER34/4 genotype showed less interpesonal affect in depression symptomatology and more anxiety symptoms in four factors of the BAI questionnaire. LIMITATIONS Mainly because this study was based on self-report questionnaires and was limited to undergraduate students aging 18 to 30 years old. CONCLUSION These results reinforce a role for sleep and diurnal preference in depression, and PER3 VNTR polymorphism in anxiety symptomatology, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tiago Gomes de Andrade
- Circadian Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
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Herts KL, Jorge-Miller A, Beran TM, McCannel TA, Wiley JF, Stanton AL. A prospective study of cancer-related benefit finding in uveal melanoma patients. J Behav Med 2020; 44:131-137. [PMID: 32939680 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00175-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about contributors to the psychosocial impact of uveal melanoma, a rare cancer. Predictors and outcomes of benefit finding, a potentially favorable outcome, were investigated. Adults (n = 107) completed assessments prior to diagnosis of uveal melanoma and one week, three months and 12 months after diagnosis. Path analyses with the full information maximum likelihood estimation method were conducted. Objective disease impact on vision did not predict benefit finding (p > .05). Approach-oriented coping prior to diagnosis and one week later significantly predicted greater benefit finding 12 months later (p < .01). Avoidance-oriented coping at three months moderated the concurrent relationship of benefit finding and positive affect at 12 months (p < .001). This first study of predictors of benefit finding in uveal melanoma patients suggests that greater approach-oriented coping prospectively predicts higher benefit finding. Further, avoidance may condition the association of benefit finding with psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Herts
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Jorge-Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tammy M Beran
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A McCannel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua F Wiley
- Monash Institute for Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annette L Stanton
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry/Biobehavioral Sciences, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
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Putwain DW, von der Embse NP. Cognitive-behavioral intervention for test anxiety in adolescent students: do benefits extend to school-related wellbeing and clinical anxiety. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2020; 34:22-36. [PMID: 32744872 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1800656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cognitive-behavioral interventions have been shown to be effective treatments for test anxiety. Studies on school-aged populations, however, are lacking. Design and methods: In the present study we evaluated a six-session cognitive-behavioral intervention for test anxiety in a sample of secondary school students aged 14-16 years preparing for high-stakes examinations. Furthermore, we extended outcomes to include school-related wellbeing and clinical anxiety. A screening procedure was used to identify highly test anxious persons who were randomly allocated to intervention or wait-list control groups. Results: Test anxiety showed a large reduction following intervention compared to control group participants who showed a moderate reduction. Clinical anxiety showed a small to moderate reduction following intervention compared to control group participants who showed a negligible reduction. The reduction in clinical anxiety was mediated by concurrent reductions in test anxiety. Conclusion: This supports an integrative network approach that deactivating core aspects of anxiety can deactivate associated networks of anxiety symptoms. The intervention showed no impact on school-related wellbeing which increased at a similar rate for both intervention and control group participants. This is likely because test anxiety is just one contributor of many to school-related wellbeing. Implications for school-based treatments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Putwain
- School of Education, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Song X, Wang S, Wang R, Xu H, Jiang Z, Li S, Zhang S, Wan Y. Mediating Effects of Specific Types of Coping Styles on the Relationship between Childhood Maltreatment and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Undergraduates: The Role of Sex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093120. [PMID: 32365812 PMCID: PMC7246430 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although childhood maltreatment is known to be associated with depressive symptoms, few studies have investigated the mediating effect of different types of coping styles on this association. It is unknown whether the impacts vary by sex. We investigated the mediating effects of different coping styles on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms among Chinese undergraduates, as well as the role of sex in the mediated pathways. A total of 7643 college freshmen and sophomores (5665 females, 1978 males; 4215 freshmen, 3428 sophomores; mean age, 19.67 years) from two colleges in China completed a standard questionnaire on the details of childhood maltreatment, depressive symptoms, and coping styles. Childhood maltreatment was significantly correlated with all coping styles and depressive symptoms studied (p < 0.001). Problem solving, self-blame, help seeking, problem avoidance, and rationalization mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. The estimated ratio of the effect of childhood maltreatment on the occurrence of depressive symptoms can be explained by the mediation of problem solving, self-blame, help seeking, problem avoidance, and rationalization, which accounted for 15.1%, 25.6%, 7.4%, 1.6% and 1.6% of the total effect, respectively. Sex differences were found to have mediating effects on coping styles in terms of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. The findings illustrate the need to focus on coping styles and to employ sex-specific methods to effectively help college students reduce depressive symptoms associated with childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbing Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei 230032, China;
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.W.); (H.X.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (S.Z.)
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Information Technology Office, Anqing Medical College, Anqing 246052, China;
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.W.); (H.X.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (S.Z.)
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.W.); (H.X.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (S.Z.)
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.W.); (H.X.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (S.Z.)
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.W.); (H.X.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (S.Z.)
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (S.W.); (H.X.); (Z.J.); (S.L.); (S.Z.)
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence:
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Sohail MM, Ahmad S, Maqsood F. The Role of Socio-demographics in Adoption of Religious-Spiritual and Other Coping Strategies Among Muslim Chronic Patients with Hepatitis C in Pakistan. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:234-256. [PMID: 30659406 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coping has emerged as a vital indicator among patients in the chronic conditions. The current study examined the role of demographic characteristics (such as age, education, gender, marital status, residential background, family type and number of children) in adoption of coping (emotion-focused, problem-solving, religious-spiritual) strategies for nursing among hepatitis patients. A sample of 500 patients (of hepatitis C) was drawn from five most populous districts (Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala and Multan) of Punjab, Pakistan, by using Epi Info software with an alpha level of 0.03. The data were collected using a well-structured multi-sectional interview schedule through multistage proportionate sampling technique. Descriptive analysis, regression analysis and reliability analysis were computed using SPSS (version 21.0). In the overall adoption of coping strategies, lower monthly household income, lower education, rural residences, nuclear family setting and married status were contributing to the adoption of higher coping strategies among Muslim chronic patients with hepatitis C. The results of socio-demographics are also discussed with other coping strategies (such as religious-spiritual coping strategies, problem-solving coping strategies, emotion-focused coping strategies and constructive coping strategies). It was the first quantitative study of adoption of coping strategies among Muslim hepatitis patients in Pakistan. The study highlighted the importance of socio-demographic resources to cope with chronic illness. The empirical findings would start a new discussion from hepatic, counseling and nursing perspective. For terminal patients, these socio-demographic characteristics can serve as a guideline to provide community sources of social support. Medical social workers and healthcare experts need to facilitate the efforts of patients to cope with chronic illness through revision of nursing policy according to the socio-demographic and spiritual-religious needs of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Sociology, University of Gujrat, Room#A8, Al-Farabi Block, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Fauzia Maqsood
- Department of Sociology, University of Gujrat, Room#A8, Al-Farabi Block, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
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Lin YY, Rogge RD, Swanson DP. Cross-cultural flexibility: Validation of the traditional Mandarin, simplified Mandarin, and Japanese translations of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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38
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Gonzalez AA, Bottenhorn KL, Bartley JE, Hayes T, Riedel MC, Salo T, Bravo EI, Odean R, Nazareth A, Laird RW, Sutherland MT, Brewe E, Pruden SM, Laird AR. Sex differences in brain correlates of STEM anxiety. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2019; 4:18. [PMID: 31700677 PMCID: PMC6825125 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-019-0058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is known to dysregulate the salience, default mode, and central executive networks of the human brain, yet this phenomenon has not been fully explored across the STEM learning experience, where anxiety can impact negatively academic performance. Here, we evaluated anxiety and large-scale brain connectivity in 101 undergraduate physics students. We found sex differences in STEM-related and clinical anxiety, with longitudinal increases in science anxiety observed for both female and male students. Sex-specific relationships between STEM anxiety and brain connectivity emerged, with male students exhibiting distinct inter-network connectivity for STEM and clinical anxiety, and female students demonstrating no significant within-sex correlations. Anxiety was negatively correlated with academic performance in sex-specific ways at both pre- and post-instruction. Moreover, math anxiety in male students mediated the relation between default mode-salience connectivity and course grade. Together, these results reveal complex sex differences in the neural mechanisms driving how anxiety is related to STEM learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A. Gonzalez
- Center for Imaging Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Katherine L. Bottenhorn
- Center for Imaging Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Jessica E. Bartley
- Center for Imaging Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Timothy Hayes
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Michael C. Riedel
- Center for Imaging Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Taylor Salo
- Center for Imaging Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Elsa I. Bravo
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Rosalie Odean
- School of Education, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Alina Nazareth
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Robert W. Laird
- Center for Imaging Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Matthew T. Sutherland
- Center for Imaging Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Eric Brewe
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Education, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Shannon M. Pruden
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Angela R. Laird
- Center for Imaging Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
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Sheffler JL, Piazza JR, Quinn JM, Sachs-Ericsson NJ, Stanley IH. Adverse childhood experiences and coping strategies: identifying pathways to resiliency in adulthood. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2019; 32:594-609. [PMID: 31288568 PMCID: PMC6824267 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1638699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined whether coping strategies mediate the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adult psychiatric and physical health outcomes. METHODS Data were drawn from wave I (N = 7108), wave II (N = 4963), and wave III (N = 3294) of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) Survey. An ACE count was created using seven aspects of early adversity based on prior literature. Coping variables were created using subscales of the COPE inventory. Psychiatric and health outcomes were assessed at baseline and at the 20-year follow-up. Bootstrapping mediation analyses were conducted using MPLUS to examine the link between ACEs and health outcomes and to determine if coping strategies mediate these relationships. RESULTS Results of path analyses in Mplus showed that ACEs, reported at Wave I, were associated with worse psychiatric and physical health outcomes at Wave III. ACEs at Wave I were associated with greater use of avoidant emotion-focused coping and lower use of problem-focused strategies at Wave II. Avoidant emotion-focused coping at Wave II partially mediated the relationship between ACEs, reported at Wave I, and psychiatric and physical health outcomes reported at Wave III. No significant mediation was detected for problem-focused coping. CONCLUSIONS Coping strategies may be an important point target for prevention or intervention for individuals who have experienced ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Sheffler
- a Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Jennifer R Piazza
- b Department of Public Health, California State University , Fullerton , CA , USA
| | - Jamie M Quinn
- c Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | | | - Ian H Stanley
- d Department of Psychology, Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
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Prino LE, Scigala D, Fabris MA, Longobardi C. The moderating role of gender in siblings of adults with intellectual disabilities. INTERPERSONA: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2019. [DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.v13i1.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Siblings play an important role in psychological and relational development in the lifecycle, especially if the family includes brothers or sisters with intellectual disability. The main objective of this study was to examine whether the relationships experienced by siblings of people with intellectual disability (ID-sibs) and siblings of people with typical development (TD-sibs) influence their ways of coping with stress and anxiety level, with particular emphasis on gender differences. The participants were 187 adults, of whom 104 (55.6%) were females aged 18 to 76 years (M = 29.42; SD = 11.93). Of our sample, 51.9% (N = 97) had a sibling with an intellectual disability and 48.1% (N = 90) had a sibling with typical development. The participants completed a self-report questionnaire that assessed demographics, sibling-relationship quality, anxiety, and coping orientations to problems experienced. The results show that women report a higher quality of relationship with ID-sibs compared to men and to women who have TD-sibs. The results further indicate that women with ID-sibs had higher levels of anxiety and used Transcendent-Oriented coping strategies more frequently. Lastly, gender moderated the relation between relationship quality and coping strategies in diverse ways in the two groups considered. The implications of the overall results are that sibling-focused interventions should focus on improving negative sibling relationships in order to reduce the impact of difficulties on TD siblings of both genders and that the content and delivery framework of interventions should be shaped accordingly.
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Guo Y, Wang X, Xu Q, Liu F, Liu Y, Xia Y. Change-Point Analysis of Eye Movement Characteristics for Female Drivers in Anxiety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1236. [PMID: 30959971 PMCID: PMC6480139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Driver hazard perception is highly related to involvement in traffic accidents, and vision is the most important sense with which we perceive risk. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the characteristics of drivers' eye movements to promote road safety. This study focuses on analyzing the changes of drivers' eye-movement characteristics in anxiety. We used various materials to induce drivers' anxiety, and then conducted the real driving experiments and driving simulations to collect drivers' eye-movement data. Then, we compared the differences between calm and anxiety on drivers' eye-movement characteristics, in order to extract the key eye-movement features. The least squares method of change point analysis was carried out to detect the time and locations of sudden changes in eye movement characteristics. The results show that the least squares method is effective for identifying eye-movement changes of female drivers in anxiety. It was also found that changes in road environments could cause a significant increase in fixation count and fixation duration for female drivers, such as in scenes with traffic accidents or sharp curves. The findings of this study can be used to recognize unexpected events in road environment and improve the geometric design of curved roads. This study can also be used to develop active driving warning systems and intelligent human⁻machine interactions in vehicles. This study would be of great theoretical significance and application value for improving road traffic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Guo
- School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
- Joint Laboratory for Internet of Vehicles, Ministry of Education-China Mobile Communications Corporation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Feifei Liu
- School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Yaqi Liu
- School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Emerson LM, Ogielda C, Rowse G. The Role of Experiential Avoidance and Parental Control in the Association Between Parent and Child Anxiety. Front Psychol 2019; 10:262. [PMID: 30833916 PMCID: PMC6387941 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenting behavior and practices contribute to the intergenerational relationship between parent and child anxiety, with parental control being a consistent predictor of child anxiety. Parental experiential avoidance refers to how a parent copes with their internal world in the context of parenting. Little is known about how this relatively new parenting concept relates to child anxiety. The current study tested the indirect effect of parent anxiety on child anxiety through parental control and parental experiential avoidance; the indirect effect of parent anxiety on parental control through parental experiential avoidance; and the moderating effect of parental experiential avoidance on the relationship between parental control and child anxiety. Using a cross-sectional design, parents (N = 85) from a community sample of 8–12-year-old children self-reported on a survey measuring parent anxiety, child anxiety, parental control, and parental experiential avoidance. A hierarchical regression indicated that parental experiential avoidance significantly predicted child anxiety and accounted for further variance in child anxiety, over, and above parental control. There was an indirect effect of parent anxiety on child anxiety through parental control and parental experiential avoidance. Parental experiential avoidance moderated the relationship between parental control and child anxiety, such that the relationship was only significant at high levels of parental experiential avoidance. The current study provides support for the role of parental experiential avoidance in an intergenerational understanding of anxiety. Future research should replicate the study with a clinical sample. Theoretical and practice implications are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Emerson
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Claire Ogielda
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Rowse
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Vannucci A, Ohannessian CM, Flannery KM, De Los Reyes A, Liu S. Associations between friend conflict and affective states in the daily lives of adolescents. J Adolesc 2018; 65:155-166. [PMID: 29602158 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between friend conflict, defined as arguments with friends, and affective states using a daily diary design in a community sample of adolescents. Participants were 100 U.S. adolescents (13-17 years; 40% girls; 79% white). Adolescents completed an online survey on 14 consecutive evenings. Adolescents reported significantly higher anger/hostility, confusion, and tension/anxiety and less friendliness on days during which they experienced friend conflict relative to no-conflict days. However, no same-day associations for depressed affect, fatigue, or vigor were found. Adolescents experiencing friend conflict reported increased next-day anger/hostility, depressed affect, and tension/anxiety, but not other affective states. Higher levels of anger/hostility and depressed affect predicted an increased likelihood of next-day friend conflict. Conversely, higher levels of friendliness and vigor predicted a decreased likelihood of next-day friend conflict. These findings suggest that directional relationships between adolescents' friend conflicts and their affective states vary by affective domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vannucci
- Center for Behavioral Health, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
| | - Christine McCauley Ohannessian
- Center for Behavioral Health, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Flannery
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Cortland, P.O. Box 2000, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
| | - Andres De Los Reyes
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland at College Park, Biology/Psychology Building, Room 3123H, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Songqi Liu
- Department of Managerial Sciences, J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, 35 Broad St. NE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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