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Naseem R, Howe N, Williams CJ, Pretorius S, Green K. What diagnostic tests are available for respiratory infections or pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis: A scoping literature review. Respir Investig 2024; 62:817-831. [PMID: 39024929 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
A scoping review methodological framework formed the basis of this review. A search of two electronic databases captured relevant literature published from 2013. 1184 articles were screened, 200 of which met inclusion criteria. Included studies were categorised as tests for either respiratory infections OR pulmonary exacerbations. Data were extracted to ascertain test type, sample type, and indication of use for each test type. For infection, culture is the most common testing method, particularly for bacterial infections, whereas PCR is utilised more for the diagnosis of viral infections. Spirometry tests, indicating lung function, facilitate respiratory infection diagnoses. There is no clear definition of what an exacerbation is in persons with CF. A clinical checklist with risk criteria can determine if a patient is experiencing an exacerbation event, however the diagnosis is clinician-led and will vary between individuals. Fuchs criteria are one of the most frequently used tests to assess signs and symptoms of exacerbation in persons with CF. This scoping review highlights the development of home monitoring tests to facilitate earlier and easier diagnoses, and the identification of novel biomarkers for indication of infections/exacerbations as areas of current research and development. Research is particularly prevalent regarding exhaled breath condensate and volatile organic compounds as an alternative sampling/biomarker respectively for infection diagnosis. Whilst there are a wide range of tests available for diagnosing respiratory infections and/or exacerbations, these are typically used clinically in combination to ensure a rapid, accurate diagnosis which will ultimately benefit both the patient and clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raasti Naseem
- NIHR Newcastle HealthTech Research Centre in Diagnostic and Technology Evaluation, Fourth floor William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Howe
- NIHR Newcastle HealthTech Research Centre in Diagnostic and Technology Evaluation, Fourth floor William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Cameron J Williams
- NIHR Newcastle HealthTech Research Centre in Diagnostic and Technology Evaluation, Fourth floor William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Pretorius
- NIHR Newcastle HealthTech Research Centre in Diagnostic and Technology Evaluation, Fourth floor William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Kile Green
- NIHR Newcastle HealthTech Research Centre in Diagnostic and Technology Evaluation, Fourth floor William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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Blake TL, Sly PD, Andersen I, Wainwright CE, Reid DW, Bell SC, Smith BR, Kettle AJ, Dickerhof N. Changes in urinary glutathione sulfonamide (GSA) levels between admission and discharge of patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2024:S1569-1993(24)00054-7. [PMID: 38658253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers that can track airway inflammatory activity for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Urinary glutathione sulfonamide (GSA) levels correlate well with GSA levels in BAL samples and other markers of neutrophilic inflammation, suggesting that this biomarker may be suitable for tracking disease activity in this population. We recruited 102 children (median 11.5 years-old) and 64 adults (median 32.5 years-old) who were admitted to hospital for management of an acute pulmonary exacerbation and/or eradication of infectious agents such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus. Our aim was to explore how urinary GSA levels changed across admission timepoints. Urine samples were collected at admission and discharge, and GSA measured by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Paired admission-discharge results were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Paired admission-discharge samples were available for 53 children and 60 adults. A statistically significant difference was observed between admission-discharge for children and adults. Spearman's correlation analysis identified a correlation between urinary GSA levels and sex and S. aureus infection for children only. Our preliminary findings suggest that urinary GSA is responsive to the resolution of an acute pulmonary exacerbation and therefore warrants further studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Blake
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, Australia, 4101.
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, Australia, 4101
| | - Isabella Andersen
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, Australia, 4101
| | - Claire E Wainwright
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, Australia, 4101
| | - David W Reid
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Staib Rd, Chermside, Australia, 4032
| | - Scott C Bell
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Staib Rd, Chermside, Australia, 4032; Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Australia, 4102
| | - Briana R Smith
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand, 8140
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand, 8140
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand, 8140
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Kaimal R, Dube A, Souwaileh AA, Wu JJ, Anandan S. A copper metal-organic framework-based electrochemical sensor for identification of glutathione in pharmaceutical samples. Analyst 2024; 149:947-957. [PMID: 38197180 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The construction of a new electrochemical sensing platform based on a copper metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) heterostructure is described in this paper. Drop-casting Cu-MOF suspension onto the electrode surface primed the sensor for glutathione detection. The composition and morphology of the Cu-MOF heterostructure were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The Cu-MOF heterostructure can identify glutathione (GSH) with an enhanced sensitivity of 0.0437 μA μM-1 at the detection limit (LOD; 0.1 ± 0.005 μM) and a large dynamic range of 0.1-20 μM. Boosting the conductivity and surface area enhances electron transport and promotes redox processes. The constructed sensors were also adequately selective against interference from other contaminants in a similar potential window. Furthermore, the Cu-MOF heterostructure has outstanding selectivity, long-term stability, and repeatability, and the given sensors have demonstrated their capacity to detect GSH with high accuracy (recovery range = 98.2-100.8%) in pharmaceutical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Kaimal
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, India.
| | - Aashutosh Dube
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, India.
| | - Abdullah Al Souwaileh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jerry J Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung-407, Taiwan
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, India.
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Vilcins D, Lee WR, Pham C, Tanner S, Knibbs LD, Burgner D, Blake TL, Mansell T, Ponsonby AL, Sly PD. Association of maternal air pollution exposure and infant lung function is modified by genetic propensity to oxidative stress. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.13.23296994. [PMID: 37873073 PMCID: PMC10592989 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.23296994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The association between air pollution and poor respiratory health outcomes is well established, however less is known about the biological mechanisms, especially in early life. Children are particularly at risk from air pollution, especially during the prenatal period as their organs and systems are still undergoing crucial development. Therefore, our study aims to investigate if maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy is associated with oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation in pregnancy or infant lung function at 4 weeks of age, and the extent to which the association is modified by an infant's genetic risk of OS. Methods The Barwon Infant Study (BIS) is a longitudinal study of Australian children from the region of Geelong, Victoria. A total of 314 infants had available lung function and maternal OS markers. Exposure to annual air pollutants (NO 2 and PM 2.5 ) were estimated using validated, satellite-based, land-use regression models. Infant lung function was measured by multiple-breath washout, and the ratio of peak tidal expiratory flow over expiratory time was calculated at 4 weeks of age. An inflammation biomarker, glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), was measured in maternal (36 weeks) and cord blood, and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers, 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHGua) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured in maternal urine at 28 weeks. A genetic pathway score for OS (gPFS ox ) was calculated for each infant participant in the BIS cohort, and high risk defined as score >8. Linear regression was used to explore the association of maternal air pollution exposure with infant lung function, and potential modification by OS genotype was tested through use of interaction terms and other methods. Results There was no evidence of a relationship between maternal exposure to air pollution and infant lung function in the whole population. We did not find an association between air pollution and GlycA or OS during pregnancy. We found evidence of an association between NO 2 and lower in functional residual capacity (FRC) for children with a high genetic risk of OS (β=-5.3 mls, 95% CI (-9.3, -1.3), p=0.01). We also found that when NO 2 was considered in tertiles, the highest tertile of NO 2 was associated with increase in lung clearance index (LCI) (β=0.46 turnovers, (95% CI 0.10, 0.82), p=0.01) in children with a genetic propensity to OS. Conclusion Our study found that high prenatal levels of exposure to ambient NO 2 levels is associated with lower FRC and higher LCI in infants with a genetic propensity to oxidative stress. There was no relationship between maternal exposure to air pollution with maternal and cord blood inflammation or OS biomarkers.
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Kim SO, Shapiro JP, Cottrill KA, Collins GL, Shanthikumar S, Rao P, Ranganathan S, Stick SM, Orr ML, Fitzpatrick AM, Go YM, Jones DP, Tirouvanziam RM, Chandler JD. Substrate-dependent metabolomic signatures of myeloperoxidase activity in airway epithelial cells: Implications for early cystic fibrosis lung disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 206:180-190. [PMID: 37356776 PMCID: PMC10513041 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released by neutrophils in inflamed tissues. MPO oxidizes chloride, bromide, and thiocyanate to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hypobromous acid (HOBr), and hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN), respectively. These oxidants are toxic to pathogens, but may also react with host cells to elicit biological activity and potential toxicity. In cystic fibrosis (CF) and related diseases, increased neutrophil inflammation leads to increased airway MPO and airway epithelial cell (AEC) exposure to its oxidants. In this study, we investigated how equal dose-rate exposures of MPO-derived oxidants differentially impact the metabolome of human AECs (BEAS-2B cells). We utilized enzymatic oxidant production with rate-limiting glucose oxidase (GOX) coupled to MPO, and chloride, bromide (Br-), or thiocyanate (SCN-) as substrates. AECs exposed to GOX/MPO/SCN- (favoring HOSCN) were viable after 24 h, while exposure to GOX/MPO (favoring HOCl) or GOX/MPO/Br- (favoring HOBr) developed cytotoxicity after 6 h. Cell glutathione and peroxiredoxin-3 oxidation were insufficient to explain these differences. However, untargeted metabolomics revealed GOX/MPO and GOX/MPO/Br- diverged significantly from GOX/MPO/SCN- for dozens of metabolites. We noted methionine sulfoxide and dehydromethionine were significantly increased in GOX/MPO- or GOX/MPO/Br--treated cells, and analyzed them as potential biomarkers of lung damage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 5-year-olds with CF (n = 27). Both metabolites were associated with increasing bronchiectasis, neutrophils, and MPO activity. This suggests MPO production of HOCl and/or HOBr may contribute to inflammatory lung damage in early CF. In summary, our in vitro model enabled unbiased identification of exposure-specific metabolite products which may serve as biomarkers of lung damage in vivo. Continued research with this exposure model may yield additional oxidant-specific biomarkers and reveal explicit mechanisms of oxidant byproduct formation and cellular redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan O Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph P Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kirsten A Cottrill
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Genoah L Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Padma Rao
- Medical Imaging, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael L Orr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rabindra M Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua D Chandler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Charkoftaki G, Aalizadeh R, Santos-Neto A, Tan WY, Davidson EA, Nikolopoulou V, Wang Y, Thompson B, Furnary T, Chen Y, Wunder EA, Coppi A, Schulz W, Iwasaki A, Pierce RW, Cruz CSD, Desir GV, Kaminski N, Farhadian S, Veselkov K, Datta R, Campbell M, Thomaidis NS, Ko AI, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. An AI-powered patient triage platform for future viral outbreaks using COVID-19 as a disease model. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:80. [PMID: 37641126 PMCID: PMC10463861 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, outbreaks and pandemics have occurred with disturbing regularity, necessitating advance preparation and large-scale, coordinated response. Here, we developed a machine learning predictive model of disease severity and length of hospitalization for COVID-19, which can be utilized as a platform for future unknown viral outbreaks. We combined untargeted metabolomics on plasma data obtained from COVID-19 patients (n = 111) during hospitalization and healthy controls (n = 342), clinical and comorbidity data (n = 508) to build this patient triage platform, which consists of three parts: (i) the clinical decision tree, which amongst other biomarkers showed that patients with increased eosinophils have worse disease prognosis and can serve as a new potential biomarker with high accuracy (AUC = 0.974), (ii) the estimation of patient hospitalization length with ± 5 days error (R2 = 0.9765) and (iii) the prediction of the disease severity and the need of patient transfer to the intensive care unit. We report a significant decrease in serotonin levels in patients who needed positive airway pressure oxygen and/or were intubated. Furthermore, 5-hydroxy tryptophan, allantoin, and glucuronic acid metabolites were increased in COVID-19 patients and collectively they can serve as biomarkers to predict disease progression. The ability to quickly identify which patients will develop life-threatening illness would allow the efficient allocation of medical resources and implementation of the most effective medical interventions. We would advocate that the same approach could be utilized in future viral outbreaks to help hospitals triage patients more effectively and improve patient outcomes while optimizing healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Reza Aalizadeh
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Zografou, 15771, Greece
| | - Alvaro Santos-Neto
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Wan Ying Tan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Norwalk, CT, USA
| | - Emily A Davidson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Varvara Nikolopoulou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Zografou, 15771, Greece
| | - Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tristan Furnary
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elsio A Wunder
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Andreas Coppi
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wade Schulz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MD, Chevy Chase, USA
| | - Richard W Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics , Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gary V Desir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shelli Farhadian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Kirill Veselkov
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Rupak Datta
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, CT, West Haven, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, CT, New Haven, USA
| | - Melissa Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, NC, Durham, USA
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Zografou, 15771, Greece
| | - Albert I Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Chandler JD, Esther CR. Metabolomics of airways disease in cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 65:102238. [PMID: 35649321 PMCID: PMC10068587 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
While discovery metabolomic studies have identified many potential biomarkers of cystic fibrosis (CF) airways disease, relatively few have been validated. We review the recent literature to identify the most promising metabolomic findings as those repeatedly observed over multiple studies. Reproducible metabolomic findings include increased airway amino acids and small peptides in CF airways, as well as changes in phospholipids and sphingolipids. Other commonly altered pathways include adenosine metabolism, polyamine synthesis, and oxidative stress. These pathways represent potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, though findings require reevaluation in the era of highly effective modulator therapies. Analysis of airway biomarkers in exhaled breath holds promise for non-invasive detection, though technical challenges will need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Chandler
- Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles R Esther
- Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Galiniak S, Mołoń M, Rachel M. Links between Disease Severity, Bacterial Infections and Oxidative Stress in Cystic Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050887. [PMID: 35624751 PMCID: PMC9137818 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common, yet fatal genetic diseases in Caucasians. The presence of a defective CF transmembrane conductance regulator and the massive neutrophils influx into the airways contribute to an imbalance in epithelial cell processes and extracellular fluids and lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species and intensification of oxidative stress. The study included 16 controls and 42 participants with CF aged 10 to 38. The products of protein oxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and markers of lipid peroxidation were estimated in the serum of the subjects. Furthermore, we compared the level of oxidative stress in patients with CF according to the severity of disease and type of bacterial infection. Thiol groups and serum TAC decreased significantly in patients with CF (p < 0.05). Elevated levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostane were observed in CF subjects (p < 0.05). Furthermore, as the severity of the disease increased, there was a decrease in the thiol groups and TAC levels, as well as an increase in the concentration of 3-nitrotyrosine and 8-isoprostane. CF participants infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa had elevated 3-nitrotyrosine concentration levels (p < 0.05), while those infected with Staphylococcus aureus noted a decrease in thiol groups (p < 0.05). Elevated levels of oxidative stress markers were found in the serum of CF patients. Furthermore, oxidative stress progressively increased over the years and along with the severity of the disease. The presence of bacterial infection with P. aeruginosa or S. aureus had a slight effect on oxidative stress, while co-infection by two species did not affect the level of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Galiniak
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.R.); Tel.: +48-17-851-68-38 (S.G.); +48-17-866-46-67 (M.R.)
| | - Mateusz Mołoń
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Rzeszów University, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Marta Rachel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, State Hospital 2 in Rzeszów, Lwowska 60, 35-301 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.R.); Tel.: +48-17-851-68-38 (S.G.); +48-17-866-46-67 (M.R.)
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9
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Sun Y, Xiao F, Sun H, Zhang L, Chen W, Du L, Sun C, Zhang W, Xu Q, Miao C, Wang L. Transcriptome analysis of tumor-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells shows that CHST15 is a fibrosis regulator of retroperitoneal liposarcoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:360. [PMID: 35434026 PMCID: PMC9011283 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) is a rare, biologically heterogeneous tumor with distinct clinical characteristics, such as frequent local recurrence, repeated relapse, and rare distant metastasis. No effective targeted therapy is available for RPLS. Here, we aim to determine the pathological functions and therapeutic potential of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15) in RPLS. Methods Tumor-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and normal adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from patients with RPLS. MPCs and MSCs were isolated and characterized based on surface markers, proliferation, and differentiation using flow cytometry and molecular staining. Transcriptome analysis was performed to decipher expression profile of differentiation-related genes in 3 paired MSCs and MPCs. Further confirmation of genes were performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Plasmids overexpressing CHST15 were transfected into adipose MSCs to examine fibrosis-related gene expression at mRNA level by real-time PCR. Results The tumor stromal-derived MPCs expressed CD105, CD73, and CD90, and exhibited osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential in vitro. The proliferation of tumor-derived MPCs was significantly lower than that of normal adipose-derived MSCs (P<0.001). Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of IL-7R, ALPL, PKNOX2, and CHST15 in tumor-derived MPCs. CHST15 was highly expressed in tumor-derived MPCs (P<0.001). CHST15 mediated fibrosis-related FGF2 gene expression in MSCs (P<0.05) and MPCs (P<0.001). Conclusions CHST15 is upregulated in tumor-derived MPCs and regulates fibrosis in RPLS. This provides clues for development of novel therapeutic strategies by targeting CHST15-induced MPC activation in RPLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Sun
- Yanda Medical Research Institute, Hebei Yanda Hospital, Sanhe, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weida Chen
- Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Du
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengfeng Sun
- Yanda Medical Research Institute, Hebei Yanda Hospital, Sanhe, China
| | - Weiyuan Zhang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Chengli Miao
- Department of Retroperitoneal Tumor Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Edwards TS, Dickerhof N, Magon NJ, Paton LN, Sly PD, Kettle AJ. Formation of Calprotectin-Derived Peptides in the Airways of Children with Cystic Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:979-990. [PMID: 35046105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calprotectin is released by activated neutrophils along with myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteases. It plays numerous roles in inflammation and infection, and is used as an inflammatory biomarker. However, calprotectin is readily oxidized by MPO-derived hypohalous acids to form covalent dimers of its S100A8 and S100A9 subunits. The dimers are susceptible to degradation by proteases. We show that detection of human calprotectin by ELISA declines markedly because of its oxidation by hypochlorous acid and subsequent degradation. Also, proteolysis liberates specific peptides from oxidized calprotectin that is present at inflammatory sites. We identified six calprotectin-derived peptides by mass spectrometry and detected them in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We assessed the peptides as biomarkers of neutrophilic inflammation and infection. The content of the calprotectin peptide ILVI was related to calprotectin (r = 0.72, p = 0.01, n = 10). Four of the peptides were correlated with the concentration of MPO (r > 0.7, p ≤ 0.01, n = 21), while three were higher (p < 0.05) in neutrophil elastase-positive (n = 14) than -negative samples (n = 7). Also, five of the peptides were higher (p < 0.05) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with CF with infections (n = 21) than from non-CF children without infections (n = 6). The specific peptides liberated from calprotectin will signal uncontrolled activity of proteases and MPO during inflammation. They may prove useful in tracking inflammation in respiratory diseases dominated by neutrophils, including coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan S Edwards
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand;
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; and
| | - Nicholas J Magon
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; and
| | - Louise N Paton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; and
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; and
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11
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Kelk D, Logan J, Andersen I, Gutierrez Cardenas D, Bell SC, Wainwright CE, Sly PD, Fantino E. Neutrophil respiratory burst activity is not exaggerated in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2022; 21:707-712. [PMID: 34991978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exaggerated neutrophil-dominated inflammation underlies progressive cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Older studies reported a defective respiratory burst in CF, but more recent studies suggest neutrophil function is normal. METHODS We measured the amount and rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during PMA-stimulated respiratory burst activity in children [70 CF, 13 disease controls, 19 health controls] and adults [31 CF, 14 health controls] in neutrophils harvested from peripheral blood. Blood was collected from participants with CF when clinically stable (60 children, 9 adults) and on hospital admission (38 children, 24 adults) and discharge (18 children, 21 adults) for acute pulmonary exacerbations. RESULTS When clinically stable, children with CF had lower ROS production [median 318,633, 25% 136,810 - 75% 569,523 RLU] than disease controls [median 599,459, 25% 425,566 - 75% 730,527 RLU] and healthy controls [median 534,073, 25% 334,057 - 75% 738,593 RLU] (p = 0.008). The rate of ROS production was also lower (p = 0.029). In neither children nor adults with CF did ROS production increase on hospital admission for acute pulmonary exacerbation, nor fall prior to discharge. There were no associations between ROS production and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (indicating systemic inflammation) in either children or adults with CF. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support a role for exaggerated respiratory burst activity contributing to the exaggerated neutrophil-dominated inflammation seen with CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kelk
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - Jayden Logan
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia; Child and Reproductive Health Research Group, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - Isabella Andersen
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - Diana Gutierrez Cardenas
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - Scott C Bell
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane
| | - Claire E Wainwright
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia.
| | - Emmanuelle Fantino
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld Australia
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12
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Soares VEM, do Carmo TIT, Dos Anjos F, Wruck J, de Oliveira Maciel SFV, Bagatini MD, de Resende E Silva DT. Role of inflammation and oxidative stress in tissue damage associated with cystic fibrosis: CAPE as a future therapeutic strategy. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:39-51. [PMID: 34529223 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, responsible for the synthesis of the CFTR protein, a chloride channel. The gene has approximately 2000 known mutations and all of them affect in some degree the protein function, which makes the pathophysiological manifestations to be multisystemic, mainly affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive tracts. Currently, the treatment of the disease is restricted to controlling symptoms and, more recently, a group of drugs that act directly on the defective protein, known as CFTR modulators, was developed. However, their high cost and difficult access mean that their use is still very restricted. It is important to search for safe and low-cost alternative therapies for CF and, in this context, natural compounds and, mainly, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) appear as promising strategies to assist in the treatment of the disease. CAPE is a compound derived from propolis extracts that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, covering important aspects of the pathophysiology of CF, which points to the possible benefit of its use in the disease treatment. To date, no studies have effectively tested CAPE for CF and, therefore, we intend with this review to elucidate the role of inflammation and oxidative stress for tissue damage seen in CF, associating them with CAPE actions and its pharmacologically active derivatives. In this way, we offer a theoretical basis for conducting preclinical and clinical studies relating the use of this molecule to CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Emanuel Miranda Soares
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Dos Anjos
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Jonatha Wruck
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | | | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Débora Tavares de Resende E Silva
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil.
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13
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Rocha LS, Silva BPD, Correia TML, Silva RPD, Meireles DDA, Pereira R, Netto LES, Meotti FC, Queiroz RF. Peroxiredoxin AhpC1 protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa against the inflammatory oxidative burst and confers virulence. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102075. [PMID: 34315109 PMCID: PMC8327333 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium in patients with cystic fibrosis and hospital acquired infections. It presents a plethora of virulence factors and antioxidant enzymes that help to subvert the immune system. In this study, we identified the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase C1 (AhpC1), as a relevant scavenger of oxidants generated during inflammatory oxidative burst and a mechanism of P. aeruginosa (PA14) escaping from killing. Deletion of AhpC1 led to a higher sensitivity to hypochlorous acid (HOCl, IC50 3.2 ± 0.3 versus 19.1 ± 0.2 μM), hydrogen peroxide (IC50 91.2 ± 0.3 versus 496.5 ± 6.4 μM) and the organic peroxide urate hydroperoxide. ΔahpC1 strain was more sensitive to the killing by isolated neutrophils and less virulent in a mice model of infection. All mice intranasally instilled with ΔahpC1 survived as long as they were monitored (15 days), whereas 100% wild-type and ΔahpC1 complemented with ahpC1 gene (ΔahpC1 attB:ahpC1) died within 3 days. A significantly lower number of colonies was detected in the lung and spleen of ΔahpC1-infected mice. Total leucocytes, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitrite production and lipid peroxidation were much lower in lungs or bronchoalveolar liquid of mice infected with ΔahpC1. Purified AhpC neutralized the inflammatory organic peroxide, urate hydroperoxide, at a rate constant of 2.3 ± 0.1 × 106 M-1s-1, and only the ΔahpC1 strain was sensitive to this oxidant. Incubation of neutrophils with uric acid, the urate hydroperoxide precursor, impaired neutrophil killing of wild-type but improved the killing of ΔahpC1. Hyperuricemic mice presented higher levels of serum cytokines and succumbed much faster to PA14 infection when compared to normouricemic mice. In summary, ΔahpC1 PA14 presented a lower virulence, which was attributed to a poorer ability to neutralize the oxidants generated by inflammatory oxidative burst, leading to a more efficient killing by the host. The enzyme is particularly relevant in detoxifying the newly reported inflammatory organic peroxide, urate hydroperoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Silva Rocha
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago M L Correia
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo de Abreu Meireles
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Soares Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Carla Meotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raphael Ferreira Queiroz
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brazil.
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14
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Hu F, Guo Y, Lin J, Zeng Y, Wang J, Li M, Cong L. Association of serum uric acid levels with COVID-19 severity. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:97. [PMID: 33964922 PMCID: PMC8106517 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hyperuricemia has attracted increasing attention. However, limited concern has been paid to the potential dangers of lowering serum uric acid (SUA). We observed lower levels of SUA in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, we aim to explore whether patients with COVID-19 had SUA lower than normal and the relationship of SUA and the severity of COVID-19. METHODS This was a case-control study based on 91 cases with COVID-19 and 273 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. We first compared SUA levels and uric acid/creatinine (UA/Cr) ratio between patients with COVID-19 and the healthy controls. Then, we examined the association of SUA levels and UA/Cr ratios with COVID-19 severity in COVID-19 cases only, defined according to the fifth edition of China's Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines of COVID-19. RESULTS SUA levels in patients with COVID-19 were 2.59% lower, UA/Cr ratios 6.06% lower at admission compared with healthy controls. In sex stratified analysis, levels of SUA and UA/Cr were lower in male patients with COVID-19 while only level of SUA was lower in female patients with COVID-19. Moreover, SUA and UA/Cr values were 4.27 and 8.23% lower in the severe group than that in the moderate group among male COVID-19 patients. Bivariate and partial correlations analysis showed negative correlations between SUA or UA/Cr ratio and COVID-19 after adjusting for age, sex, BMI and eGFR. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection and male sex were independent risk factors associated with lower SUA levels. Male patients with COVID-19 accompanied by low SUA levels had higher risk of developing severe symptoms than those with high SUA levels (incidence rate ratio: 4.05; 95% CI:1.11, 14.72) at admission. Comparing SUA and UA/Cr ratio at three time points (admission, discharge, and follow-up), we found that male patients experienced severe symptoms had lower SUA and UA/Cr ratio levels comparing to moderate patients, but no significant difference between three time points. On the contrary, female patients had lower SUA and UA/Cr ratio at discharge than those at admission, but no significant difference of SUA and UA/Cr ratio between moderate and severe group. CONCLUSION Patients with COVID-19 had SUA and UA/Cr values lower than normal at admission. Male COVID-19 patients with low SUA levels had a significantly higher crude risk of developing severe symptoms than those with high SUA levels. During disease aggravation, the level of SUA gradually decreased until discharge. At the follow-up exam, the level of SUA was similar to the levels at admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianghong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjuan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Health Management Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Cong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Dickerhof N, Huang J, Min E, Michaëlsson E, Lindstedt EL, Pearson JF, Kettle AJ, Day BJ. Myeloperoxidase inhibition decreases morbidity and oxidative stress in mice with cystic fibrosis-like lung inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:91-99. [PMID: 32142878 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by severe bacterial infections, excessive neutrophilic inflammation and oxidative stress. The neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which produces hypochlorous acid, is associated with worse disease outcomes. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of MPO in the airways has therapeutic potential. We investigated whether treating mice with an MPO inhibitor during pulmonary infection decreases oxidative stress and improves infection outcomes in mice with CF-like lung inflammation without impacting on bacterial clearance. METHODS Transgenic β-epithelial sodium channel (βENaC)-overexpressing mice (n = 10) were infected with Burkholderia multivorans and treated twice daily with the MPO inhibitor AZM198 (125 μmol/kg) or vehicle administered by oral gavage for two days. Bodyweight was recorded daily. MPO activity, markers of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and leukocytes numbers were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Bacterial burden was determined in lung tissue homogenates. RESULTS During the course of infection, mice treated with AZM198 lost less weight than vehicle-treated mice (p < 0.01). MPO activity and glutathione sulfonamide, a hypochlorous acid-specific glutathione oxidation product, were significantly lower in BALF from AZM198-treated mice (p < 0.05). The inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and TNF-α in BALF and bacterial burden in the lung were not significantly different between treated and control mice. CONCLUSIONS Orally administered AZM198 inhibits MPO activity in epithelial lining fluid. Blocking hypochlorous acid production in epithelial lining fluid during pulmonary infections through inhibition of MPO improves morbidity in mice with CF-like lung inflammation without interfering with clearance of bacteria. Pharmacological inhibition of MPO is an approach to limit destructive oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis lung disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Elysia Min
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva-Lotte Lindstedt
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John F Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Brian J Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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16
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Hanko M, Švorc Ľ, Planková A, Mikuš P. Overview and recent advances in electrochemical sensing of glutathione - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1062:1-27. [PMID: 30947984 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present paper is aimed at providing an overview of the recent advances in the electrochemical sensing of glutathione (GSH), an important electrochemically and biologically active molecule, for the period 2012-2018. Herein, the analytical performances of newly developed electrochemical methods, procedures and protocols for GSH sensing are comprehensively and critically discussed with respect to the type of method, electrodes used (new electrode modifications, advanced materials and formats), sample matrices, and basic validation parameters obtained (limit of detection, linear dynamic range, precision, selectivity/evaluation of interferences). This paper considers electrochemical methods used alone as well as the hyphenated methods with electrochemical detection (ECD), such as HPLC-ECD or CE-ECD. The practical applicability of the platforms developed for GSH detection and quantification is mostly focused on pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. The most significant electrochemical approaches for GSH detection in multicomponent analyte samples and multicomponent matrices and for real-time in vivo GSH analysis are highlighted. The great variability in the electrochemical techniques, electrode approaches, and obtainable performance parameters, discussed in this review, brought new insights not only on current GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) determinations, but, along with this, on the advances in electrochemical analysis from a more general point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hanko
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Švorc
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Planková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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17
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Kopp BT, Joseloff E, Goetz D, Ingram B, Heltshe SL, Leung DH, Ramsey BW, McCoy K, Borowitz D. Urinary metabolomics reveals unique metabolic signatures in infants with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 18:507-515. [PMID: 30477895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologic pathways and metabolic mechanisms underpinning early systemic disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) are poorly understood. The Baby Observational and Nutrition Study (BONUS) was a prospective multi-center study of infants with CF with a primary aim to examine the current state of nutrition in the first year of life. Its secondary aim was to prospectively explore concurrent nutritional, metabolic, respiratory, infectious, and inflammatory characteristics associated with early CF anthropometric measurements. We report here metabolomics differences within the urine of these infants as compared to infants without CF. METHODS Urine metabolomics was performed for 85 infants with predefined clinical phenotypes at approximately one year of age enrolled in BONUS via Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS). Samples were stratified by disease status (non-CF controls (n = 22); CF (n = 63, All-CF)) and CF clinical phenotype: respiratory hospitalization (CF Resp, n = 22), low length (CF LL, n = 23), and low weight (CF LW, n = 15). RESULTS Global urine metabolomics profiles in CF were heterogeneous, however there were distinct metabolic differences between the CF and non-CF groups. Top pathways altered in CF included tRNA charging and methionine degradation. ADCYAP1 and huntingtin were identified as predicted unique regulators of altered metabolic pathways in CF compared to non-CF. Infants with CF displayed alterations in metabolites associated with bile acid homeostasis, pentose sugars, and vitamins. CONCLUSIONS Predicted metabolic pathways and regulators were identified in CF infants compared to non-CF, but metabolic profiles were unable to discriminate between CF phenotypes. Targeted metabolomics provides an opportunity for further understanding of early CF disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION United States ClinicalTrials.Gov registry NCT01424696 (clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Kopp
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - E Joseloff
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Goetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - S L Heltshe
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D H Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B W Ramsey
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K McCoy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Borowitz
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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18
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Turner R, Brennan SO, Ashby LV, Dickerhof N, Hamzah MR, Pearson JF, Stamp LK, Kettle AJ. Conjugation of urate-derived electrophiles to proteins during normal metabolism and inflammation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19886-19898. [PMID: 30385504 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urate is often viewed as an antioxidant. Here, we present an alternative perspective by showing that, when oxidized, urate propagates oxidative stress. Oxidation converts urate to the urate radical and the electrophilic products dehydrourate, 5-hydroxyisourate, and urate hydroperoxide, which eventually break down to allantoin. We investigated whether urate-derived electrophiles are intercepted by nucleophilic amino acid residues to form stable adducts on proteins. When urate was oxidized in the presence of various peptides and proteins, two adducts derived from urate (M r 167 Da) were detected and had mass additions of 140 and 166 Da, occurring mainly on lysine residues and N-terminal amines. The adduct with a 140-Da mass addition was detected more frequently and was stable. Dehydrourate (M r 166 Da) also formed transient adducts with cysteine residues. Urate-derived adducts were detected on human serum albumin in plasma of healthy donors. Basal adduct levels increased when neutrophils were added to plasma and stimulated, and relied on the NADPH oxidase, myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide. Adducts of oxidized urate on serum albumin were elevated in plasma and synovial fluid from individuals with gout and rheumatoid arthritis. We propose that rather than acting as an antioxidant, urate's conversion to electrophiles contributes to oxidative stress. The addition of urate-derived electrophiles to nucleophilic amino acid residues, a process we call oxidative uratylation, will leave a footprint on proteins that could alter their function when critical sites are modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufus Turner
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research.,the Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science
| | | | - Louisa V Ashby
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research.,the Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research.,the Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science
| | - Melanie R Hamzah
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research.,the Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science
| | | | - Lisa K Stamp
- the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research, .,the Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science
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19
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Silva RP, Carvalho LAC, Patricio ES, Bonifacio JPP, Chaves-Filho AB, Miyamoto S, Meotti FC. Identification of urate hydroperoxide in neutrophils: A novel pro-oxidant generated in inflammatory conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:177-186. [PMID: 30118829 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism in humans and is considered to be quantitatively the main antioxidant in plasma. In vitro studies showed that the oxidation of uric acid by peroxidases, in presence of superoxide, generates urate free radical and urate hydroperoxide. Urate hydroperoxide is a strong oxidant and might be a relevant intermediate in inflammatory conditions. However, the identification of urate hydroperoxide in cells and biological samples has been a challenge due to its high reactivity. By using mass spectrometry, we undoubtedly demonstrated the formation of urate hydroperoxide and its corresponding alcohol, hydroxyisourate during the respiratory burst in peripheral blood neutrophils and in human leukemic cells differentiated in neutrophils (dHL-60). The respiratory burst was induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and greatly increased oxygen consumption and superoxide production. Both oxygen consumption and superoxide production were further augmented by incubation with uric acid. Conversely, uric acid significantly decreased the levels of HOCl, probably because of the competition with chloride by the catalysis of myeloperoxidase. In spite of the decrease in HOCl, the overall oxidative status, measured by GSH/GSSG ratio, was augmented in the presence of uric acid. In summary, the present results support the formation of urate hydroperoxide, a novel oxidant in neutrophils oxidative burst. Urate hydroperoxide is a strong oxidant and alters the redox balance toward a pro-oxidative environment. The production of urate hydroperoxide in inflammatory conditions could explain, at least in part, the harmful effect associated to uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Railmara P Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa A C Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliziane S Patricio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João P P Bonifacio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano B Chaves-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia C Meotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Forbes LV, Kettle AJ. A multi-substrate assay for finding physiologically effective inhibitors of myeloperoxidase. Anal Biochem 2018; 544:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Carvalho LAC, Lopes JPPB, Kaihami GH, Silva RP, Bruni-Cardoso A, Baldini RL, Meotti FC. Uric acid disrupts hypochlorous acid production and the bactericidal activity of HL-60 cells. Redox Biol 2018; 16:179-188. [PMID: 29510342 PMCID: PMC5952876 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans and is an alternative physiological substrate for myeloperoxidase. Oxidation of uric acid by this enzyme generates uric acid free radical and urate hydroperoxide, a strong oxidant and potentially bactericide agent. In this study, we investigated whether the oxidation of uric acid and production of urate hydroperoxide would affect the killing activity of HL-60 cells differentiated into neutrophil-like cells (dHL-60) against a highly virulent strain (PA14) of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While bacterial cell counts decrease due to dHL-60 killing, incubation with uric acid inhibits this activity, also decreasing the release of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α). In a myeloperoxidase/Cl-/H2O2 cell-free system, uric acid inhibited the production of HOCl and bacterial killing. Fluorescence microscopy showed that uric acid also decreased the levels of HOCl produced by dHL-60 cells, while significantly increased superoxide production. Uric acid did not alter the overall oxidative status of dHL-60 cells as measured by the ratio of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Our data show that uric acid impairs the killing activity of dHL-60 cells likely by competing with chloride by myeloperoxidase catalysis, decreasing HOCl production. Despite diminishing HOCl, uric acid probably stimulates the formation of other oxidants, maintaining the overall oxidative status of the cells. Altogether, our results demonstrated that HOCl is, indeed, the main relevant oxidant against bacteria and deviation of myeloperoxidase activity to produce other oxidants hampers dHL-60 killing activity. Uric acid decreased microbicide activity and release of cytokines by dHL-60 cells. Uric acid decreased HOCl in cells and in the myeloperoxidase/Cl-/H2O2 system. Uric acid induces a pro-oxidant redox imbalance. HOCl is crucial for Pseudomonas aeruginosa killing by dHL-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A C Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João P P B Lopes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto H Kaihami
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Railmara P Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina L Baldini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia C Meotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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22
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Dickerhof N, Pearson JF, Hoskin TS, Berry LJ, Turner R, Sly PD, Kettle AJ. Oxidative stress in early cystic fibrosis lung disease is exacerbated by airway glutathione deficiency. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:236-243. [PMID: 28982600 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) is recognized as a major source of oxidative stress at the airway surface of a cystic fibrosis (CF) lung where, despite limited evidence, the antioxidant glutathione is widely considered to be low. The aims of this study were to establish whether oxidative stress or glutathione status are associated with bronchiectasis and whether glutathione deficiency is inherently linked to CF or a consequence of oxidative stress. MPO was measured by ELISA in 577 bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 205 clinically-phenotyped infants and children with CF and 58 children without CF (ages 0.2-6.92 years). Reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione species (GSSG; glutathione attached to proteins, GSSP; glutathione sulfonamide, GSA) and allantoin, an oxidation product of uric acid, were measured by mass spectrometry. The odds of having bronchiectasis were associated with MPO and GSSP. GSH was low in children with CF irrespective of oxidation. Oxidized glutathione species were significantly elevated in CF children with pulmonary infections compared to uninfected CF children. In non-CF children, infections had no effect on glutathione levels. An inadequate antioxidant response to neutrophil-mediated oxidative stress during infections exists in CF due to an inherent glutathione deficiency. Effective delivery of glutathione and inhibition of MPO may slow the development of bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - John F Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Teagan S Hoskin
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Luke J Berry
- Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rufus Turner
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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23
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Giddings O, Esther CR. Mapping targetable inflammation and outcomes with cystic fibrosis biomarkers. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:S21-S28. [PMID: 28714611 PMCID: PMC5664212 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by an overly exuberant neutrophilic inflammatory response to pathogens and other stimuli that starts very early in disease. The overwhelming nature of this response is a primary cause of remodeling and destruction of the airways, suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapies could be beneficial in CF. However, finding therapies that can effectively reduce the inflammatory response without compromising host defenses remains elusive. New approaches towards mapping inflammatory targets promise to aid in developing novel therapeutic strategies and improve outcomes in individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Giddings
- Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Charles R Esther
- Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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24
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The AREST CF experience in biobanking - More than just tissues, tubes and time. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:622-627. [PMID: 28803050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research to further improve outcomes for people with CF is dependent upon well characterised, archived and accessible clinical specimens. The recent article by Beekman et al. published in Journal of Cystic Fibrosis summarised a scientific meeting at the 13th ECFS Basic Science Conference. This meeting discussed how well-annotated, clinical biobanks for CF could be established in Europe to meet the needs of therapeutic development. The Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis (AREST CF) has conducted biobanking of CF research and clinical specimens since the late 1990s and is custodian of the most comprehensive paediatric CF biobank in the world that focuses on the first years of life. This short communication will describe the approach undertaken by AREST CF in establishing a clinical specimen biobank.
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