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Chen YC, Wu HY, Wu WS, Hsu JY, Chang CW, Lee YH, Liao PC. Identification of Xenobiotic Biotransformation Products Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Integrated with a Structural Elucidation Strategy by Assembling Fragment Signatures. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14279-14287. [PMID: 37713273 PMCID: PMC10538286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The identification of xenobiotic biotransformation products is crucial for delineating toxicity and carcinogenicity that might be caused by xenobiotic exposures and for establishing monitoring systems for public health. However, the lack of available reference standards and spectral data leads to the generation of multiple candidate structures during identification and reduces the confidence in identification. Here, a UHPLC-HRMS-based metabolomics strategy integrated with a metabolite structure elucidation approach, namely, FragAssembler, was proposed to reduce the number of false-positive structure candidates. biotransformation product candidates were filtered by mass defect filtering (MDF) and multiple-group comparison. FragAssembler assembled fragment signatures from the MS/MS spectra and generated the modified moieties corresponding to the identified biotransformation products. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by the three biotransformation products of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Comprehensive identification was carried out, and 24 and 13 biotransformation products of two xenobiotics, DEHP and 4'-Methoxy-α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (4-MeO-α-PVP), were annotated, respectively. The number of 4-MeO-α-PVP biotransformation product candidates in the FragAssembler calculation results was approximately 2.1 times lower than that generated by BioTransformer 3.0. Our study indicates that the proposed approach has great potential for efficiently and reliably identifying xenobiotic biotransformation products, which is attributed to the fact that FragAssembler eliminates false-positive reactions and chemical structures and distinguishes modified moieties on isomeric biotransformation products. The FragAssembler software and associated tutorial are freely available at https://cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw/FragAssembler/ and the source code can be found at https://github.com/YuanChihChen/FragAssembler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chih Chen
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation
Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Wu
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yi Hsu
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Lee
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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2
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Liu Y, Wang C, Wu J, Tan L, Gao P, Wu S, Tang D, Wang Q, Wang C, Li P, Liu J. Study on the Comprehensive Phytochemicals and the Anti-Ulcerative Colitis Effect of Saussurea pulchella. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041526. [PMID: 36838515 PMCID: PMC9964537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saussurea pulchella (SP) is a traditional medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine because of its diverse biological activities, particularly its anti-inflammatory effects. However, the alleviation effect of SP on ulcerative colitis (UC) has not yet been realized. PURPOSE To investigate the chemical composition and therapeutic effect of SP extract against UC. METHODS First, qualitative and quantitative analysis of SP 75% ethanol extract was performed by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Second, a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of UC mice was developed to study the effects of SP on the symptoms, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indexes and colon histopathology. Third, an integration of network pharmacology with metabolomics was performed to investigate the key metabolites, biological targets and metabolisms closely related to the effect of SP. RESULTS From the SP ethanol extract, 149 compounds were identified qualitatively and 20 were determined quantitatively. The SP could dose-dependently decrease the DAI score, spleen coefficient and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, MPO and MDA; increase the colon length, GSH level and SOD activity; and protect the intestinal barrier in the UC mice. Moreover, 10 metabolite biomarkers,18 targets and 5 metabolisms were found to play crucial roles in the treatment of UC with SP. CONCLUSIONS SP 75% ethanol extract could effectively alleviate the progression of UC and, therefore, could be classified as a novel natural treatment for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Junzhe Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Luying Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Sinuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Daohao Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qianyun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Research Center of Natural Drugs, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Research Center of Natural Drugs, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Research Center of Natural Drugs, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-431-85619803
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Wang B, Qin X, Xiao N, Yao Y, Duan Y, Cui X, Zhang S, Luo H, Sun H. Phthalate exposure and semen quality in infertile male population from Tianjin, China: Associations and potential mediation by reproductive hormones. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140673. [PMID: 32702538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Global decline in male fertility and their associations with ubiquitous exposure of phthalates (PAEs) have raised public concerns. However, the current epidemiological data are limited and controversial. Hence, we investigated possible associations between PAE exposure and male infertility. Eleven phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) were determined in urine and serum samples collected from eighty-eight males diagnosed with infertility from Tianjin, China. The median serum levels of mPAE were n.d. -3.63 ng/mL, which were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than the urinary levels of n.d. -192 ng/mL. Negative associations were identified between urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and MiBP and serum MCMHP, as well as testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and the molar concentrations of ∑mPAE, while positive association was found between T and the serum molar concentrations of ∑mDEHP. Positive associations were found between the molar concentrations of serum ∑mPAE and sperm concentration, sperm motility rate, and progressive motility, between mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) and semen volume and total sperm number, and between MCMHP and progressive motility, while negative association was found between mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and progressive motility. Moreover, FSH was found to mediate the association between serum concentrations of MCMHP and progressive motility (mediation ratio = 41.6%), and LH to mediate the associations between serum concentrations of ∑mPAE and sperm concentration (mediation ratio = 45.7%) and sperm motility rate (mediation ratio = 29.0%). These results also suggested that serum levels of mPAE are a good predictor for male infertility. Further efforts need to be made on toxicological studies to systematically elaborate the internal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaolei Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yishuang Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianfeng Cui
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Haining Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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4
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Li XN, Li HX, Yang TN, Li XW, Huang YQ, Zhu SY, Li JL. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced developmental abnormalities of the ovary in quail (Coturnix japonica) via disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140293. [PMID: 32610232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of epidemiologic studies show that women have a special exposure profile to phthalates, and the exposures have attracted attention regarding their potential health hazards. Here, we developed a model for studying the ovarian action of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its major metabolite monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP). In vivo, treatment with DEHP (250, 500, and 1000 mg kg^-1) induced decreased thickness of ovarian granulosa cell layer and mitochondrial damage in quail, caused oxidative stress, interfered with the transcription of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPOA) steroid hormone-related factors (increased transcription of StAR, 3β-HSD, P450scc, and LH and decreased transcription of 17β-HSD, P450arom, FSH, and ERβ), and blocked the secretion of steroid hormones (decreased FSH, E2, and T levels and increased LH, P, and PRL levels). In vitro, granulosa cells were cultured with MEHP (50, 100, and 200 μM), activator of PPARγ (rosiglitazone, 50 μM), or antagonist of PPARγ (GW9662, 10 μM) for 24 h and gene and protein expression were analyzed by real time RT-PCR and western blot. Rosiglitazone, like MEHP, significantly decreased mRNA and protein levels of P450arom. Antagonist GW9662 partially blocked the suppression of P450arom by MEHP, suggesting that MEHP acts through PPARγ, but not exclusively. Our model shows that MEHP acts on granulosa cells in quail by stimulating PPARs, which leads to decreased gene and protein expression of P450arom. Therefore, the environmental endocrine disruptor DEHP and its major metabolite MEHP act through a receptor-mediated signaling pathway to inhibit the production of estradiol, interfere with the modulation of HPOA, suppress the synthesis of sex hormones, and cause sex hormone secretion disorders, resulting in severe toxicity in the female reproductive system. A framework for an adverse outcome pathway of DEHP/MEHP-induced ovarian toxicity was constructed, which can facilitate an improved understanding of the mechanism of female reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hui-Xin Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Tian-Ning Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue-Qiang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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5
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Fan JC, Ren R, He HL, Jin Q, Wang ST. Determination of phthalate esters in breast milk before and after frozen storage in milk storage bags. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1897-1905. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1815862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Cai Fan
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ren Ren
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Li He
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Quan Jin
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Wang
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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6
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Saliu F, Montano S, Lasagni M, Galli P. Biocompatible solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of phthalates in marine invertebrate. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Analysis of Pollution of Phthalates in Pork and Chicken in Taiwan Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Health Risk. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213817. [PMID: 31652756 PMCID: PMC6865204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used plasticizers that can cause endocrine disruption, mutagenicity, and carcinogenic effects and can contaminate food through various pathways. Investigations are scanty on phthalate pollution of livestock and poultry meat and their dietary exposure to humans. The present study assessed residual levels of phthalates in unpackaged pork (30 samples) and unpackaged chicken (30 samples) and their relevance to meat consumption and health risks in the Taiwanese population. Phthalate quantity was assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; the materials included diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-butyl phthalate. The Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) has established values of tolerable daily intake (TDI) for the five phthalates. The major compound detected was DEHP, which ranged from 0.62 to 0.80 mg/kg in two pork samples, and 0.42-0.45 mg/kg in three chicken samples. Collectively, 8.33% of the phthalate-residue-containing samples tested positive for DEHP. The concentrations of DEHP were lower than the screening value of 1.0 mg/kg, as defined by the TFDA. Health risk was calculated as the estimated daily intake (DI) for any likely adverse effects; the DI of DEHP residues was <1% of the TDI value. The estimated risk was insignificant and considered to be safe, indicating that there is no risk to the health of Taiwanese population due to meat consumption. However, it is suggested that a phthalate monitoring program in meat should be instituted for any possible effects in future on human health.
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8
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Fan JC, Ren R, Jin Q, He HL, Wang ST. Detection of 20 phthalate esters in breast milk by GC-MS/MS using QuEChERS extraction method. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1551-1558. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1646435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Cai Fan
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ren Ren
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Quan Jin
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Li He
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Wang
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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9
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Kim S, Park GY, Yoo YJ, Jeong JS, Nam KT, Jee SH, Lim KM, Lee YS. Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate promotes thyroid cell proliferation and DNA damage through activating thyrotropin-receptor-mediated pathways in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 124:265-272. [PMID: 30543897 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are being suggested to be associated with altered thyroid function and proliferative changes, but detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on DNA damage and proliferation in thyroid using thyroid carcinoma cell line, 8505C, in vitro and the rats orally treated with DEHP at 0, 0.3, 3, 30 and 150 mg/kg for 90 days from post-natal day 9 in vivo. Exposure to DHEP (1-50 μM) induced cellular proliferation, as evidenced by increased cell viability and DNA synthesis. Activation of γH2AX, a sensitive biomarker for DNA damage was observed following the exposure to DHEP (from 5 to 50 μM) with increased comet tail moment (5-100 μM) in comet assay, reflecting that DNA damage also occurred. When upstream signaling was examined, both thyrotropin receptor (TSHR)-ERK1/2 axis and TSHR-AKT axis were activated with upregulation of Pax8, a master transcriptional factor for thyroid differentiation and proliferation. Thyroid tissue from juvenile rats orally exposed to DEHP also confirmed DNA damage responses and the activation of TSHR signaling, which was evident from 0.3 to 3 mg/kg respectively. Notably, deletion of TSHR through siRNA attenuated these DEHP-induced events in vitro. Collectively these results suggest that DEHP induces DNA damage and cellular proliferation in thyroid, which appears to be from TSHR activation, providing an important insight into endocrine disrupting activities of phthalates on thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Park
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jo Yoo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seong Jeong
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Lim HJ, Kim AR, Yoon MY, You Y, Chua B, Son A. Development of quantum dot aptasensor and its portable analyzer for the detection of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 121:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Kim M, Jeong JS, Kim H, Hwang S, Park IH, Lee BC, Yoon SI, Jee SH, Nam KT, Lim KM. Low Dose Exposure to Di-2-Ethylhexylphthalate in Juvenile Rats Alters the Expression of Genes Related with Thyroid Hormone Regulation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:512-519. [PMID: 30078309 PMCID: PMC6131019 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates widely used in the manufacture of plastics have deeply penetrated into our everyday lives. Recently, a concern over the toxicity of phthalates on thyroid, has been raised but in most of cases, the doses employed were unrealistically high. To investigate the effects of phthalates on thyroid, we investigated the effects of the repeated oral exposure to low to high doses (0.3, 3, 30 and 150 mg/kg) di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) from weaning to maturity for 90 days in juvenile rats on the thyroid. The histological examination revealed that DEHP significantly induced hyperplasia in the thyroid from the doses of 30 mg/kg, which was confirmed with Ki67 staining. In line with this finding, increased mRNA expression of thyrotropin releasing hormone (Trh) was observed in the thyroid of female at 0.3 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg as determined by RNAseq analysis. Moreover, significantly increased expression of parathyroid hormone (Pth) in the female at 0.3 mg/kg, and thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid hormone responsive (Thrsp) in the male at 0.3 mg/kg were noted in the blood, of which changes were substantially attenuated at 150 m/kg, alluding the meaningful effects of low dose DEHP on the thyroid hormone regulation. Urinary excretion of mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (MEHP), a major metabolite of DEHP was determined to be 4.10 and 12.26 ppb in male, 6.65 and 324 ppb in female at 0.3 and 30 mg/kg DEHP, respectively, which fell within reported human urine levels. Collectively, these results suggest a potential adverse effects of low dose phthalates on the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seong Jeong
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Hwang
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sung Il Yoon
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Lab frontier Co., Anyang 14042, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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12
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Li X, Sun H, Yao Y, Zhao Z, Qin X, Duan Y, Wang L. Distribution of Phthalate Metabolites between Paired Maternal-Fetal Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6626-6635. [PMID: 29754483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are readily metabolized to phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) in the human body. The occurrence of mPAEs in adult human samples is well documented; however, the maternal-fetal transmission of mPAEs has seldom been studied. In this study, 78 paired maternal-fetal samples, including maternal urine (MU), maternal serum (MS), cord serum (CS), and amniotic fluid (AF), were collected from pregnant women in Tianjin, China. Seven mPAEs were detected in MS, CS, and AF, whereas all 11 investigated mPAEs were found in MU. The median concentration of ∑mPAEs was the highest in MU (128 ng/mL, with a range of 20.2-973 ng/mL), and proceeded in the order of CS (44.9, 13.9-315 ng/mL), MS (24.6, 3.75-156 ng/mL), and AF (10.4, 7.69-79.8 ng/mL). The values of ∑mPAEs and several individual mPAEs were significantly correlated between MU and MS, with generally higher concentrations in MU, which indicated that urinary mPAEs is a good indicator of PAEs' exposure in adults. Notably, the median CS:MS ratios of ∑mPAEs (1.58) were higher than 1, indicating that fetuses were exposed to mPAEs before birth. Significant correlations were also observed between MS and CS, which suggested that mPAEs in MS provide an indication of the fetal exposure. This study presents the first systematic analysis of the distribution and transmission of various mPAEs between mothers and fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Yiming Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiaolei Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Yishuang Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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13
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Jaimes R, Swiercz A, Sherman M, Muselimyan N, Marvar PJ, Posnack NG. Plastics and cardiovascular health: phthalates may disrupt heart rate variability and cardiovascular reactivity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H1044-H1053. [PMID: 28842438 PMCID: PMC5792203 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00364.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plastics have revolutionized medical device technology, transformed hematological care, and facilitated modern cardiology procedures. Despite these advances, studies have shown that phthalate chemicals migrate out of plastic products and that these chemicals are bioactive. Recent epidemiological and research studies have suggested that phthalate exposure adversely affects cardiovascular function. Our objective was to assess the safety and biocompatibility of phthalate chemicals and resolve the impact on cardiovascular and autonomic physiology. Adult mice were implanted with radiofrequency transmitters to monitor heart rate variability, blood pressure, and autonomic regulation in response to di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) exposure. DEHP-treated animals displayed a decrease in heart rate variability (-17% SD of normal beat-to-beat intervals and -36% high-frequency power) and an exaggerated mean arterial pressure response to ganglionic blockade (31.5% via chlorisondamine). In response to a conditioned stressor, DEHP-treated animals displayed enhanced cardiovascular reactivity (-56% SD major axis Poincarè plot) and prolonged blood pressure recovery. Alterations in cardiac gene expression of endothelin-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and nitric oxide synthase may partly explain these cardiovascular alterations. This is the first study to show an association between phthalate chemicals that are used in medical devices with alterations in autonomic regulation, heart rate variability, and cardiovascular reactivity. Because changes in autonomic balance often precede clinical manifestations of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and conduction abnormalities, future studies are warranted to assess the downstream impact of plastic chemical exposure on end-organ function in sensitive patient populations. This study also highlights the importance of adopting safer biomaterials, chemicals, and/or surface coatings for use in medical devices.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Phthalates are widely used in the manufacturing of consumer and medical products. In the present study, di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate exposure was associated with alterations in heart rate variability and cardiovascular reactivity. This highlights the importance of investigating the impact of phthalates on health and identifying suitable alternatives for medical device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Jaimes
- 1Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia; ,2Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia; and
| | - Adam Swiercz
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Meredith Sherman
- 1Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia;
| | - Narine Muselimyan
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Paul J. Marvar
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia; .,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia; and.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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14
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Ebrahim K, Poursafa P, Amin MM. Development of a simple and valid method for the trace determination of phthalate esters in human plasma using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4403-4410. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ebrahim
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering; School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Environment Research Center; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Parinaz Poursafa
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering; School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Environment Research Center; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering; School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Environment Research Center; Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
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15
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Isomeric separation and quantitation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitates and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitates in blood by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:153-162. [PMID: 28735223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new and fast HPLC-method for the simultaneous determination of tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM or TEHTM), its diesters 2,4-di-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (2,4-DEHTM), 1,4-di-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (1,4-DEHTM), 1,2-di-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (1,2-DEHTM) and monoesters 1-mono-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (1-MEHTM), 2-mono-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (2-MEHTM) and 4-mono-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (4-MEHTM) together with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its primary metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in blood was developed and validated. The analytes are extracted from blood using liquid-liquid extraction and are chromatographically separated by reversed-phase HPLC using core shell material. Quantitative assessment was performed by ESI-tandem mass spectrometry in negative ionization mode using stable isotope dilution. In less than 30min six postulated primary metabolites of TOTM along with the DEHP metabolite MEHP can be selectively and sensitively quantified. Additionally, the method enables the determination of the parent plasticizers TOTM and DEHP. The detection limits in blood were found to range between 0.7-5.5μg/L for all TOTM analytes. Precision and repeatability of the method were proven by relative standard deviations between 0.9% and 8.7%. TOTM, an alternative plasticizer to DEHP, is already increasingly used for medical devices. Nevertheless, data about the human metabolism of TOTM are still limited. The presented method is the first one enabling the simultaneous determination of the parent plasticizers TOTM and DEHP together with their primary degradation products (DEHTM, MEHTM, MEHP) and can thus be applied manifold including the investigation of the human metabolism of TOTM.
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16
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Tsochatzis ED, Tzimou-Tsitouridou R, Gika HG. Analytical Methodologies for the Assessment of Phthalate Exposure in Humans. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 47:279-297. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1273754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil D. Tsochatzis
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R. Tzimou-Tsitouridou
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen G. Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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17
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Determination of 17 Phthalate Esters in Infant Milk Powder and Dairy Products by GC–MS with 16 Internal Standards. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Fossi MC, Marsili L, Baini M, Giannetti M, Coppola D, Guerranti C, Caliani I, Minutoli R, Lauriano G, Finoia MG, Rubegni F, Panigada S, Bérubé M, Urbán Ramírez J, Panti C. Fin whales and microplastics: The Mediterranean Sea and the Sea of Cortez scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 209:68-78. [PMID: 26637933 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The impact that microplastics have on baleen whales is a question that remains largely unexplored. This study examined the interaction between free-ranging fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) and microplastics by comparing populations living in two semi-enclosed basins, the Mediterranean Sea and the Sea of Cortez (Gulf of California, Mexico). The results indicate that a considerable abundance of microplastics and plastic additives exists in the neustonic samples from Pelagos Sanctuary of the Mediterranean Sea, and that pelagic areas containing high densities of microplastics overlap with whale feeding grounds, suggesting that whales are exposed to microplastics during foraging; this was confirmed by the observation of a temporal increase in toxicological stress in whales. Given the abundance of microplastics in the Mediterranean environment, along with the high concentrations of Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) chemicals, plastic additives and biomarker responses detected in the biopsies of Mediterranean whales as compared to those in whales inhabiting the Sea of Cortez, we believe that exposure to microplastics because of direct ingestion and consumption of contaminated prey poses a major threat to the health of fin whales in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Giannetti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Coppola
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Guerranti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Minutoli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabrizio Rubegni
- Technical Department Civil Engineering and Marine Works, Tuscany Region, Grosseto, Italy
| | | | - Martine Bérubé
- Marine Evolution and Conservation Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Urbán Ramírez
- Department of Marine Biology, Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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19
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Analytical methods for the assessment of endocrine disrupting chemical exposure during human fetal and lactation stages: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 892:27-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Eckert E, Müller J, Göen T. Simultaneous determination of polyvinylchloride plasticizers di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate and its degradation products in blood by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1410:173-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Valton AS, Serre-Dargnat C, Blanchard M, Alliot F, Chevreuil M, Teil MJ. Determination of phthalates and their by-products in tissues of roach (Rutilus rutilus) from the Orge river (France). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12723-30. [PMID: 24965007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Seven phthalate by-products were investigated for the first time, in target tissues of roach from a contaminated river of the Ile-de-France district. All parent phthalates were bioaccumulated in liver and muscle and liver contents were correlated with river concentrations (p < 0.01). All metabolites were found in liver, plasma and bile. The mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP; 1.6 μg g(-1) dw of liver), followed by mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP; 1.5 μg g(-1) dw of liver) were the most abundant ones. Among the three metabolites of di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) predominated in bile (15.5 ng ml(-1)) and liver (0.237 μg g(-1) dw), whereas in plasma, it was mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate - MEHHP (214 ng ml(-1)). In liver, MEHP/DEHP ratios ranged from 0.04 to 0.2. Among the oxidized metabolites, only mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) was correlated (p < 0.05) with parent DEHP and appeared to be a more reliable marker of DEHP impact than the monoester.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Valton
- Université Paris VI/CNRS-UMR 7619 METIS, Tour 56-46, case courrier 105, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Pari, Cedex 05s, France
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22
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Fossi MC, Coppola D, Baini M, Giannetti M, Guerranti C, Marsili L, Panti C, de Sabata E, Clò S. Large filter feeding marine organisms as indicators of microplastic in the pelagic environment: the case studies of the Mediterranean basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) and fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 100:17-24. [PMID: 24612776 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of microplastics (plastic fragments smaller than 5 mm) on large filter feeding marine organisms such as baleen whales and sharks are largely unknown. These species potentially are ingesting micro-litter by filter feeding activity. Here we present the case studies of the Mediterranean fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) and basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) exploring the toxicological effects of microplastics in these species measuring the levels of phthalates in both species. The results show higher concentration of MEHP in the muscle of basking shark in comparison to fin whale blubber. These species can be proposed as indicators of microplastics in the pelagic environment in the implementation of Descriptor 8 and 10 of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Daniele Coppola
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Giannetti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Guerranti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Simona Clò
- MedSharks, Via Ruggero Fauro 82, 00197 Rome, Italy; CTS, via Albalonga 3, 00183 Roma, Italy
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23
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Nakazawa H. [Pharmaceutical analysis of chemicals related with daily life products for safe and secure]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 134:413-26. [PMID: 24584023 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An association between exposure to trace hazardous chemicals such as endocrine disrupting chemicals and an increased incidence of human endocrine disease might be continued to study. The accurate and sensitive analytical methods for determination of various chemicals in human biospecimen such as urine, blood and breast milk have been studied by techniques including chromatography. In order to obtain the safe and secure life, the pharmaceutical analytical approaches might be applicable with the hopes of realizing scientific risk assessment of the chemicals derived from daily life products as regulatory sciences.
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24
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NAKAZAWA H, IWASAKI Y, ITO R. Analytical Methods for the Quantification of Bisphenol A, Alkylphenols, Phthalate Esters, and Perfluoronated Chemicals in Biological Samples. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:25-34. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki NAKAZAWA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University
| | - Yusuke IWASAKI
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University
| | - Rie ITO
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University
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25
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Albert O, Jégou B. A critical assessment of the endocrine susceptibility of the human testis to phthalates from fetal life to adulthood. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 20:231-49. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Chang-Liao WL, Hou ML, Chang LW, Lee CJ, Tsai YM, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Determination and pharmacokinetics of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in rats by ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Molecules 2013; 18:11452-66. [PMID: 24043141 PMCID: PMC6269943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used to increase the flexibility of plastics for industrial products. However, the illegal use of the plasticizer DEHP in food and drinks has been reported in Taiwan in 2011. In order to assess the exact extent of the absorption of DEHP via the oral route, the aim of this study is to develop a reliable and validated ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to evaluate the oral bioavailability of DEHP in rats. The optimal chromatographic separation of DEHP and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP; used as internal standard) were achieved on a C₁₈ column. The mobile phase was consisted of 5 mM ammonium acetate-methanol (11:89, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The monitoring ion transitions were m/z 391.4 → 149.0 for DEHP and m/z 313.3 → 149.0 for BBP. The mean matrix effects of DEHP at low, medium and high concentrations were 94.5 ± 5.7% and 100.1 ± 2.3% in plasma and feces homogenate samples, respectively. In conclusion, the validated UPLC-MS/MS method is suitable for analyzing the rat plasma sample of DEHP and the oral bioavailability of DEHP was about 7% in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Chang-Liao
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-L.C-L.); (M.-L.H.); (L.-W.C.); (C.-J.L.); (Y.-M.T.); (L.-C.L.)
| | - Mei-Ling Hou
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-L.C-L.); (M.-L.H.); (L.-W.C.); (C.-J.L.); (Y.-M.T.); (L.-C.L.)
| | - Li-Wen Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-L.C-L.); (M.-L.H.); (L.-W.C.); (C.-J.L.); (Y.-M.T.); (L.-C.L.)
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-L.C-L.); (M.-L.H.); (L.-W.C.); (C.-J.L.); (Y.-M.T.); (L.-C.L.)
| | - Yin-Meng Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-L.C-L.); (M.-L.H.); (L.-W.C.); (C.-J.L.); (Y.-M.T.); (L.-C.L.)
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-L.C-L.); (M.-L.H.); (L.-W.C.); (C.-J.L.); (Y.-M.T.); (L.-C.L.)
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, No. 155-1, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-L.C-L.); (M.-L.H.); (L.-W.C.); (C.-J.L.); (Y.-M.T.); (L.-C.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, No.145, Zhengzhou Rd., Datong Dist., Taipei 103, Taiwan
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27
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Chang YJ, Lin KL, Chang YZ. Determination of Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites in human hair using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 420:155-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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28
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Rastkari N, Ahmadkhaniha R. Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of phthalate monoesters in urine samples. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1286:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Guerranti C, Sbordoni I, Fanello EL, Borghini F, Corsi I, Focardi SE. Levels of phthalates in human milk samples from central Italy. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Caserta D, Ciardo F, Bordi G, Guerranti C, Fanello E, Perra G, Borghini F, La Rocca C, Tait S, Bergamasco B, Stecca L, Marci R, Lo Monte G, Soave I, Focardi S, Mantovani A, Moscarini M. Correlation of endocrine disrupting chemicals serum levels and white blood cells gene expression of nuclear receptors in a population of infertile women. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:510703. [PMID: 23710174 PMCID: PMC3654366 DOI: 10.1155/2013/510703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant evidence supports that many endocrine disrupting chemicals could affect female reproductive health. Aim of this study was to compare the internal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in serum samples of 111 infertile women and 44 fertile women. Levels of gene expression of nuclear receptors (ER α , ER β , AR, AhR, PXR, and PPAR γ ) were also analyzed as biomarkers of effective dose. The percentage of women with BPA concentrations above the limit of detection was significantly higher in infertile women than in controls. No statistically significant difference was found with regard to PFOS, PFOA, MEHP and DEHP. Infertile patients showed gene expression levels of ER α , ER β , AR, and PXR significantly higher than controls. In infertile women, a positive association was found between BPA and MEHP levels and ER α , ER β , AR, AhR, and PXR expression. PFOS concentration positively correlated with AR and PXR expression. PFOA levels negatively correlated with AhR expression. No correlation was found between DEHP levels and all evaluated nuclear receptors. This study underlines the need to provide special attention to substances that are still widely present in the environment and to integrate exposure measurements with relevant indicators of biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Caserta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Sciences and Urological Sciences, University of Rome “Sapienza”, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman Health and Territory's Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
- *Donatella Caserta:
| | - Francesca Ciardo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Sciences and Urological Sciences, University of Rome “Sapienza”, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bordi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Sciences and Urological Sciences, University of Rome “Sapienza”, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Guerranti
- Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fanello
- Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Perra
- Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Borghini
- Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cinzia La Rocca
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Bergamasco
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Stecca
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Marci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lo Monte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Soave
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvano Focardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Moscarini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Sciences and Urological Sciences, University of Rome “Sapienza”, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Fossi MC, Panti C, Guerranti C, Coppola D, Giannetti M, Marsili L, Minutoli R. Are baleen whales exposed to the threat of microplastics? A case study of the Mediterranean fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:2374-9. [PMID: 22964427 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Baleen whales are potentially exposed to micro-litter ingestion as a result of their filter-feeding activity. However, the impacts of microplastics on baleen whales are largely unknown. In this case study of the Mediterranean fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), we explore the toxicological effects of microplastics on mysticetes. The study included the following three steps: (1) the collection/count of microplastics in the Pelagos Sanctuary (Mediterranean Sea), (2) the detection of phthalates in surface neustonic/planktonic samples, and (3) the detection of phthalates in stranded fin whales. A total of 56% of the surface neustonic/planktonic samples contained microplastic particles. The highest abundance of microplastics (9.63 items/m(3)) was found in the Portofino MPA (Ligurian Sea). High concentrations of phthalates (DEHP and MEHP) were detected in the neustonic/planktonic samples. The concentrations of MEHP found in the blubber of stranded fin whales suggested that phthalates could serve as a tracer of the intake of microplastics. The results of this study represent the first warning of this emerging threat to baleen whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Do RP, Stahlhut RW, Ponzi D, Vom Saal FS, Taylor JA. Non-monotonic dose effects of in utero exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on testicular and serum testosterone and anogenital distance in male mouse fetuses. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:614-21. [PMID: 23041310 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Epidemiological studies suggest that DEHP decreases masculinization of male fetuses. Numerous rat studies report DEHP reduces fetal testosterone production at doses greatly exceeding human exposure. We fed pregnant CD-1 mice 0.5-500,000 μg/kg/day DEHP from gestation day (GD) 9-18 and examined mothers and male fetuses on GD 18. We assessed non-monotonic dose-response by adding a quadratic term to a simple linear regression model. Except at the 500,000 μg/kg/day dose, DEHP stimulated an increase in maternal and fetal serum testosterone and increased anogenital distance (AGD). Non-monotonic dose-response curves were noted for AGD and maternal, and testis testosterone (P values 0.013-0.021). Because data from our highest dose (500,000 μg/kg/day) did not differ significantly from controls, this dose could have been incorrectly assumed to be the NOAEL had we only tested very high doses, as is typical in studies for regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylee Phuong Do
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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33
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Kessler W, Numtip W, Völkel W, Seckin E, Csanády GA, Pütz C, Klein D, Fromme H, Filser JG. Kinetics of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in blood and of DEHP metabolites in urine of male volunteers after single ingestion of ring-deuterated DEHP. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 264:284-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Pérez-Feás C, Barciela-Alonso M, Bermejo-Barrera P. Presence of phthalates in contact lens and cleaning solutions. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Qi P, Wang J, Li Y, Su F, Jin J, Chen J. Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC for the selective determination of monobutyl phthalate in bottled water. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2712-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Genay S, Luciani C, Décaudin B, Kambia N, Dine T, Azaroual N, Di Martino P, Barthélémy C, Odou P. Experimental study on infusion devices containing polyvinyl chloride: to what extent are they di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-free? Int J Pharm 2011; 412:47-51. [PMID: 21497186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of medical devices containing highly criticized phthalates including di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been challenged by European directive 2007/47/CE, put into effect in March 2010. New plasticizers are now being used to soften PVC in medical devices: trioctyltrimellitate (TOTM), di-isononyl-cyclohexan-1,2-dicarboxilate (DINCH) and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT). To quantify DEHP in nine DEHP-free medical devices made of PVC softened by alternative plasticizers, high performance liquid chromatography analysis with ultraviolet detection at 220 nm wavelength was achieved. An NMR spectroscopy was performed to confirm DEHP presence. Only two medical devices out of the nine tested were truly without DEHP. One of them showed traces of DEHP exceeding the threshold contamination of 0.1% in plastic mass set by REACH regulations. TOTM plasticizer is still incriminated when polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) is contaminated with DEHP. Manufacturers must verify the purity of their raw material, not only on PVC, but also on other soft plastics entering into the composition of medical infusion devices. The clinical consequences of exposure to certain levels of DEHP have not been evaluated. A solution could be to use alternative PVC-free materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Genay
- Department of Biopharmacy, Galenic and Hospital Pharmacy (EA 4481, IFR114), Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
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37
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Guo ZY, Gai PP, Duan J, Zhai JX, Zhao SS, Wang S, Wei DY. Simultaneous determination of phthalates and adipates in human serum using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid-phase extraction. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 24:1094-9. [PMID: 20352652 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of phthalates and adipates in human serum. The phthalates and adipates studied were dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, benzylbutyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diethyl adipate, dibutyl adipate, diisobutyl adipate, bis(2-butoxyethyl) adipate and di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, with diisooctyl phthalate as internal standard. The extraction and cleaning up procedure was carried out with solid-phase extraction cartridges containing dimethyl butylamine groups, which showed extraction efficiencies over 88% for each analyte and the internal standard. The calibration curves obtained were linear with correlation coefficients greater than 0.98. For all analytes, the assay gave CV% values for intra-day precision from 4.9 to 13.3% and mean accuracy values from 91.4 to 108.4%, while inter-day precision was 5.2-13.4% and mean accuracy 91.0-110.2%. The limits of detection for the assay of phthalates and adipates were in the range 0.7-4.5 ng/mL. The method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and allows for simultaneous determination of nanogram levels of phthalates and adipates in human serum. It was successfully applied to an investigation on the level of phthalates and adipates in a non-occupationally exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Guo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
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38
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ARAI Y, OHGANE J, YAGI S, ITO R, IWASAKI Y, SAITO K, AKUTSU K, TAKATORI S, ISHII R, HAYASHI R, IZUMI SI, SUGINO N, KONDO F, HORIE M, NAKAZAWA H, MAKINO T, SHIOTA K. Epigenetic Assessment of Environmental Chemicals Detected in Maternal Peripheral and Cord Blood Samples. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:507-17. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.11-034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu ARAI
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
- Laboratory of Genomic Function Engineering, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Jun OHGANE
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Laboratory of Genomic Function Engineering, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shintaro YAGI
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Rie ITO
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke IWASAKI
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi SAITO
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko AKUTSU
- Division of Food Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Satoshi TAKATORI
- Division of Food Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Rie ISHII
- Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Saitama 338-0824, Japan
| | - Rumiko HAYASHI
- Department of Toxicology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya 462-8576, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro IZUMI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Norihiro SUGINO
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Fumio KONDO
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masakazu HORIE
- Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Saitama 338-0824, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki NAKAZAWA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | | | - Kunio SHIOTA
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Solymos E, Guddat S, Geyer H, Flenker U, Thomas A, Segura J, Ventura R, Platen P, Schulte-Mattler M, Thevis M, Schänzer W. Rapid determination of urinary di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry as a marker for blood transfusion in sports drug testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 401:517-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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40
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Kondo F, Okumura M, Oka H, Nakazawa H, Izumi SI, Makino T. Determination of phthalates in diet and bedding for experimental animals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 84:212-216. [PMID: 19949769 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to measure five phthalates (dibutyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate) in diets and beddings for experimental animals. The recoveries from diets and beddings spiked with five phthalates were 98.8%-148% with coefficients of variation of 0.4%-7.8% for diets and 94.7%-146% with coefficients of variation of 1.0%-5.0% for beddings. We analyzed commercial animal diets and beddings, and found that the levels of phthalates varied from sample to sample; the concentrations of five phthalates were 141-1,410 ng/g for diets and 20.5-7,560 ng/g for beddings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Kondo
- Department of Toxicology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 7-6 Nagare, Tsuji-machi, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8576, Japan.
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41
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Pérez-Feás C, Barciela-Alonso MC, Sedes-Díaz A, Bermejo-Barrera P. Phthalates determination in pharmaceutical formulae used in parenteral nutrition by LC-ES-MS: importance in public health. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 397:529-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Garrido Frenich A, de las Nieves Barco Bonilla M, López Martínez JC, Martínez Vidal JL, Romero-González R. Determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in environmental samples by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1383-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Ito R, Miura N, Ushiro M, Kawaguchi M, Nakamura H, Iguchi H, Ogino JI, Oishi M, Wakui N, Iwasaki Y, Saito K, Nakazawa H. Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on degradation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in polyvinyl chloride sheet. Int J Pharm 2009; 376:213-8. [PMID: 19394415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The risk assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) migration from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) medical devices is an important issue for patients. The aim of this study was to determine DEHP degradation and migration from PVC sheets. To this end, the method for the simultaneous determination of DEHP and its breakdown products (mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) and phthalic acid (PA)) was improved. Their migration levels from 0 to 50 kGy gamma-ray irradiated PVC sheets were determined. DEHP migration level decreased in proportion to the dose of gamma-ray irradiation, while MEHP and PA migration levels increased. The hardness and the elastic modulus of PVC sheets were examined, but no clear relationship between DEHP migration and these parameters was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Ito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
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44
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Högberg J, Hanberg A, Berglund M, Skerfving S, Remberger M, Calafat AM, Filipsson AF, Jansson B, Johansson N, Appelgren M, Håkansson H. Phthalate diesters and their metabolites in human breast milk, blood or serum, and urine as biomarkers of exposure in vulnerable populations. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:334-9. [PMID: 18335100 PMCID: PMC2265037 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates may pose a risk for perinatal developmental effects. An important question relates to the choice of suitable biological matrices for assessing exposure during this period. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to measure the concentrations of phthalate diesters or their metabolites in breast milk, blood or serum, and urine and to evaluate their suitability for assessing perinatal exposure to phthalates. METHODS In 2001, 2-3 weeks after delivery, 42 Swedish primipara provided breast milk, blood, and urine samples at home. Special care was taken to minimize contamination with phthalates (e.g., use of a special breast milk pump, heat treatment of glassware and needles, addition of phosphoric acid). RESULTS Phthalate diesters and metabolites in milk and blood or serum, if detected, were present at concentrations close to the limit of detection. By contrast, most phthalate metabolites were detectable in urine at concentrations comparable to those from the general population in the United States and in Germany. No correlations existed between urine concentrations and those found in milk or blood/serum for single phthalate metabolites. Our data are at odds with a previous study documenting frequent detection and comparatively high concentrations of phthalate metabolites in Finnish and Danish mothers' milk. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine are more informative than those in milk or serum. Furthermore, collection of milk or blood may be associated with discomfort and potential technical problems such as contamination (unless oxidative metabolites are measured). Although urine is a suitable matrix for health-related phthalate monitoring, urinary concentrations in nursing mothers cannot be used to estimate exposure to phthalates through milk ingestion by breast-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Högberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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Takatori S, Okamoto Y, Kitagawa Y, Hori S, Izumi SI, Makino T, Nakazawa H. Simulated neonatal exposure to DEHP and MEHP from PVC enteral nutrition products. Int J Pharm 2008; 352:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Ito R, Miura N, Kawaguchi M, Ushiro M, Iguchi H, Iwasaki Y, Saito K, Nakazawa H. Simultaneous Determination of Di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate, Mono(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate, and Phthalic Acid Migrating from Gamma‐Ray Irradiated Polyvinyl Chloride Sheet by Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701738811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Ito
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Miura
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Migaku Kawaguchi
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Ushiro
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Saito
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakazawa
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hoshi University , Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Takatori S, Akutsu K, Kondo F, Izumi SI, Makino T, Nakazawa H. Determination of Phthalate Monoesters in Human Breast Milk by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2007. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.56.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takatori
- Division of Food Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | - Kazuhiko Akutsu
- Division of Food Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | - Fumio Kondo
- Department of Toxicology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | - Shun-ichiro Izumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tokai University
| | - Tsunehisa Makino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tokai University
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48
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Nakazawa H, Ito R, Iwasaki Y, Nakata A, Saito K. Trace Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals for Risk Assessment to Human Exposure. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2007. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.56.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rie Ito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | | | - Ayako Nakata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Koichi Saito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hoshi University
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49
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Calafat AM, McKee RH. Integrating biomonitoring exposure data into the risk assessment process: phthalates [diethyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] as a case study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114:1783-9. [PMID: 17107868 PMCID: PMC1665433 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The probability of nonoccupational exposure to phthalates is high given their use in a vast range of consumables, including personal care products (e.g., perfumes, lotions, cosmetics), paints, industrial plastics, and certain medical devices and pharmaceuticals. Phthalates are of high interest because of their potential for human exposure and because animal toxicity studies suggest that some phthalates affect male reproductive development apparently via inhibition of androgen biosynthesis. In humans, phthalates are rapidly metabolized to their monoesters, which can be further transformed to oxidative products, conjugated, and eliminated. Phthalate metabolites have been used as biomarkers of exposure. Using urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations allows accurate assessments of human exposure because these concentrations represent an integrative measure of exposure to phthalates from multiple sources and routes. However, the health significance of this exposure is unknown. To link biomarker measurements to exposure, internal dose, or health outcome, additional information (e.g., toxicokinetics, inter- and intraindividual differences) is needed. We present a case study using diethyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as examples to illustrate scientific approaches and their limitations, identify data gaps, and outline research needs for using biomonitoring data in the context of human health risk assessment, with an emphasis on exposure and dose. Although the vast and growing literature on phthalates research could not be covered comprehensively in this article, we made every attempt to include the most relevant publications as of the end of 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
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Ito R, Seshimo F, Miura N, Kawaguchi M, Saito K, Nakazawa H. Effect of sterilization process on the formation of mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate from di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:455-60. [PMID: 16563691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2005] [Revised: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The risk assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) migrating from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) medical devices is an important issue. Many studies have been conducted to determine the level of DEHP migration. A recent report has indicated that DEHP in blood bags is hydrolyzed by esterase into mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP). However, MEHP is thought to be even more toxic than the parent compound. Therefore, a method for the simultaneous determination of DEHP and MEHP was developed. The limits of quantification (LOQs) of DEHP and MEHP were 2.5 and 0.75 ng/ml, respectively. In this study, the effect of sterilization process on the levels of DEHP and MEHP migration was investigated. The level of migration of DEHP from gamma(gamma)-ray sterilized PVC sheet was low compared with that of the unsterilized control. By contrast, the level of MEHP migration from the gamma-ray sterilized PVC sheet was high compared with that of the unsterilized control. In addition, a high content of MEHP was found in the gamma-ray sterilized PVC sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Ito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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