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Zhou M, Li R, Hua H, Dai Y, Yin Z, Li L, Zeng J, Yang M, Zhao J, Tan R. The role of tetrahydrocurcumin in disease prevention and treatment. Food Funct 2024; 15:6798-6824. [PMID: 38836693 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, natural compounds derived from herbal medicine or dietary sources have played important roles in prevention and treatment of various diseases and have attracted more and more attention. Curcumin, extracted from the Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and widely used as food spice and coloring agent, has been proven to possess high pharmacological value. However, the pharmacological application of curcumin is limited due to its poor systemic bioavailability. As a major active metabolite of curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) has higher bioavailability and stability than curcumin. Increasing evidence confirmed that THC had a wide range of biological activities and significant treatment effects on diseases. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress on the biological activities and therapeutic potential of THC on different diseases such as neurological disorders, metabolic syndromes, cancers, and inflammatory diseases. The extensive pharmacological effects of THC involve the modulation of various signaling transduction pathways including MAPK, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, Nrf2, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin. In addition, the pharmacokinetics, drug combination and toxicology of THC were discussed, thus providing scientific basis for the safe application of THC and the development of its dietary supplements and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Hua
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ying Dai
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhujun Yin
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Li Li
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jin Zeng
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Mengni Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Junning Zhao
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
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Noor A, Shafi S, Sehar N, Qadir I, Bilquees, Rashid S, Arafah A, Rasool S, Dar NJ, Masoodi MH, Rehman MU. Curcuminoids as Cell Signaling Pathway Modulators: A Potential Strategy for Cancer Prevention. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3093-3117. [PMID: 37559247 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230809100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial advancements in curative modern medicine in the last few decades, cancer risk and casualty rates have continued to mount globally. The exact reason for cancer's onset and progression is still unknown. However, skeletal and functional abnormalities in the genetic code are assumed to be the primary cause of cancer. Many lines of evidence reported that some medicinal plants can be utilized to curb cancer cell proliferation with a safe, fruitful, and cost-efficient perspective. Curcuminoid, isolated from Curcuma longa, have gotten a lot of focus due to their anticancer potential as they reduce tumor progression, invasion, and dissemination. Further, they modulated signal transduction routes like MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and Wnt/β-catenin, etc., and triggered apoptosis as well as actuated autophagy in malignant cells without altering the normal cells, thus preventing cancer progression. Besides, Curcuminoid also regulate the function and expression of anti-tumor and carcinogenic miRNAs. Clinical studies also reported the therapeutic effect of Curcuminoid against various cancer through decreasing specific biomarkers like TNF-α, Bcl-2, COX-2, PGE2, VEGF, IκKβ, and various cytokines like IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-2, IFN-γ levels and increasing in p53 and Bax levels. Thus, in the present review, we abridged the modulation of several signal transduction routes by Curcuminoids in various malignancies, and its modulatory role in the initiation of tumor-suppressive miRNAs and suppression of the oncogenic miRNAs are explored. Additionally, various pharmacokinetic approaches have been projected to address the Curcuminoids bioavailability like the use of piperine as an adjuvant; nanotechnology- based Curcuminoids preparations utilizing Curcuminoids analogues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneeza Noor
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Saimeena Shafi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Insha Qadir
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Bilquees
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Department of School Education, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K 190001, India
| | - Nawab John Dar
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory (CNB-P), Salk Institute, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA92037, USA
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Yoysungnoen B, Srisawat U, Piyabhan P, Duansak N, Sookprasert N, Mathuradavong N, Poomipark N, Munkong N, Tingpej P, Changtam C. Short term effect of tetrahydrocurcumin on adipose angiogenesis in very high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1221935. [PMID: 37876615 PMCID: PMC10591188 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1221935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) has been shown to possess anti-angiogenic activities. This study aims to investigate the effects of THC on adipose angiogenesis and expression of angiogenic factors that occurs in 60% high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Male ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: mice fed with a low-fat diet (LFD group); mice fed with very high fat diet (VHFD group), and mice fed with VHFD supplemented with THC (300 mg/kg/day orally) (VHFD+THC treated group) for 6 weeks. Body weight (BW), food intake, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profiles and visceral fats weight (VF) were measured. The microvascular density (MVD), TNF-α, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions were evaluated. The VHFD group had significantly increased total cholesterol, triglyceride, food intake, BW, VF, VF/BW ratio, adipocyte size and the number of crown-liked structures as compared to LFD group. THC supplementation markedly reduced these parameters and adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in white adipose tissues. MVD, TNF-α, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were over-expressed in the VHFD group. However, THC supplementation decreased MVD and reduced expression of TNF-α, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9. In conclusion, THC suppressed angiogenesis in adipose tissue by the downregulation of TNF-α, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9. With its effects on lipid metabolism as well as on food consumption, THC could contribute to lower visceral fat and body weight. Overall, our study demonstrated the potential benefit of THC in mitigating obesity and associated metabolic disorders along with elucidated the suppression of adipose angiogenesis as one of its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhornprom Yoysungnoen
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Umarat Srisawat
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pritsana Piyabhan
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Naphatsanan Duansak
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nattapon Sookprasert
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nakorn Mathuradavong
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Natwadee Poomipark
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narongsuk Munkong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Pholawat Tingpej
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Changtam
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
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Kroon M, van Laarhoven H, Swart E, Kemper E, van Tellingen O. A validated HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneously analyzing curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, tetra-hydrocurcumin and piperine in human plasma, urine or feces. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15540. [PMID: 37131436 PMCID: PMC10149208 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spice curcumin is supposed to have many different beneficial health effects. To understand the complete pharmacokinetics of curcumin we need an analytical method to determine curcumin and its metabolites in human plasma, urine or feces. We have developed an HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin and piperine in human plasma, urine or feces. Methods Sample pretreatment involved a simple liquid-liquid extraction with tert-butyl methyl ether. Conjugated curcumin and analogs can be measured after enzymatic hydrolysis. Reversed-phase chromatography with a linear gradient of 50-95% methanol in 0.1% formic acid was used. Total run time is 15 min. The method was validated with regards to stability, specificity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility. The applicability of the method was tested using actual patients samples. Results The LLOQ in plasma, urine and feces for curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin and piperine ranged from 1 to 5 nM. Whereas all compounds could be quantified on a linear range between 2 and 400 nM. Plasma and feces recovery of curcumin was 97.1 ± 3.7% and 99.4 ± 16.2%, whereas urine showed a recovery of 57.1 ± 9.3%. All compounds had acceptable in-between day or between day variability in the different matrixes. Conclusion A HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin and piperine in human plasma, urine or feces. This method will aid in critically verifying the pharmacokinetics of curcumin made by supplement manufacturers and help us to provide insight in the claimed bioavailability of curcumin supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A.G.M. Kroon
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - H.W.M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E.L. Swart
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, the Netherlands
| | - E.M. Kemper
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, the Netherlands
| | - O. van Tellingen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Shabbir A, Rehman K, Akbar M, Hamid Akash MS. Neuroprotective potential of curcuminoids in modulating Alzheimer's Disease via multiple signaling pathways. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5560-5581. [PMID: 35674299 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220607161328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and frequent neurodegenerative disease of elderly people. In the 21st century, owing to the increasing prevalence of AD, there is a crucial need for finding better and effective pharmacotherapeutic approaches. This review article demonstrated the various sources and possible metabolic pathways of curcuminoids obtained from Curcuma longa herb, to prevent and treat AD but the information related to the metabolic fate of curcuminoids is deficient. Different in vitro and in vivo research studies demonstrating the mechanisms by which curcuminoids attenuated AD have been summarized. Administration of curcuminoids has been indicated to inhibit hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, deposition, and oligomerization of amyloid beta plaques in several AD models. Curcuminoids also chelate metals and form complexes, have antioxidant properties, mediates neuroinflammatory signaling pathways by modifying microglial cells activity, inhibit acetylcholinesterase activities and also modulates other associated signaling pathways including insulin signaling pathways and heme-oxygenase pathway. Briefly curcuminoids exhibit the capability to be more productive and efficacious compared to many recent treatments due to their antioxidant, delayed neuron degeneration and anti-inflammatory potential. Although their effectiveness as a curative agent is considered to be reduced due to their low bioavailability, If the issue of curcuminoids' low bioavailability is resolved then curcuminoid-based medications are hopefully on the horizon against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Shabbir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazzama Akbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Alpha Lipoic Acid Derivatives to Treat Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Central Neuropathic Pain. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 69:116889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and protective effects of a novel water-soluble tetrahydrocurcumin-diglutaric acid prodrug on ethanol-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00576-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li W, Ma Y, Zhang C, Chen B, Zhang X, Yu X, Shuai H, He Q, Ya F. Tetrahydrocurcumin Downregulates MAPKs/cPLA2 Signaling and Attenuates Platelet Thromboxane A2 Generation, Granule Secretion, and Thrombus Growth. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:739-754. [PMID: 34428833 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Platelet granule secretion plays a key role in atherothrombosis. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol compound derived from turmeric, exerts multiple biological activities. The current study sought to investigate the efficacy of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC, the major active metabolite of curcumin) on platelet granule secretion in vitro and thrombus formation in vivo. We found that THC significantly attenuated agonist-induced granule secretion in human gel-filtered platelets in vitro, including CD62P and CD63 expression and platelet factor 4, CCL5, and adenosine triphosphate release. These inhibitory effects of THC were partially mediated by the attenuation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) phosphorylation, leading to a decrease in thromboxane A2 (TxA2) generation. Moreover, the MAPK (Erk1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK) signaling pathways were downregulated by THC treatment, resulting in reduced cPLA2 activation, TxA2 generation, and granule secretion. Additionally, THC and curcumin attenuated murine thrombus growth in a FeCl3-induced mesenteric arteriole thrombosis model in C57BL/6J mice without prolonging the tail bleeding time. THC exerted more potent inhibitory effects on thrombosis formation than curcumin. Through blocking cyclooxygenase-1 activity and thus inhibiting platelet TxA2 synthesis and granule secretion with aspirin, we found that THC did not further decrease the inhibitory effects of aspirin on thrombosis formation. Thus, through inhibiting MAPKs/cPLA2 signaling, and attenuating platelet TxA2 generation, granule secretion, and thrombus formation, THC may be a potent cardioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China.,Hekou Customs of the People's Republic of China, Hekou, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Binlin Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Maternity and Child Health Care of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiandan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongyan Shuai
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qilian He
- Institute of Translational Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China.,Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fuli Ya
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
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Tetrahydrocurcumin Upregulates the Adiponectin-AdipoR Pathway and Improves Insulin Signaling and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Obese Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124552. [PMID: 34960104 PMCID: PMC8707974 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of adiponectin production and function is closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, which are linked to obesity. Studies in animal models have documented the anti-diabetic effects of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). Although several possible mechanisms have been proposed, the contribution of adiponectin signaling on THC-mediated antihyperglycemic effects remains unknown. Here, we report that adiposity, steatosis, and hyperglycemia were potently attenuated in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic obese mice after they received 20 and 100 mg/kg THC for 14 weeks. THC upregulated UCP-1 in adipose tissue and elevated adiponectin levels in the circulation. THC upregulated the AdipoR1/R2-APPL1-mediated pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle, which contributes to improved insulin signaling, glucose utilization, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, THC treatment significantly (p < 0.05) preserved islet mass, reduced apoptosis, and restored defective insulin expression in the pancreatic β-cells of diabetic obese mice, which was accompanied by an elevation of AdipoR1 and APPL1. These results demonstrated a potential mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of THC against hyperglycemia via the adiponectin-AdipoR pathway, and thus, may lead to a novel therapeutic use for type 2 diabetes.
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Tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorates Alzheimer's pathological phenotypes by inhibition of microglial cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via Ras/ERK signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111651. [PMID: 34243602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-dione (tetrahydrocurcumin, THC) is a major bioactive metabolite of curcumin, demonstrating the potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, etc. In this study, it was found that Aβ induced decreased cell viability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in BV-2 cells, which were ameliorated by THC. In vivo, THC administration rescued learning and memory, and reduced Aβ burden in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. By proteomic analysis of the hippocampus of mice, 157 differentially expressed proteins were identified in APP/PS1 mice treated with THC (comparing with APP/PS1 mice), which also suggested that the effects of THC on the cell cycle and apoptosis were mostly related to the "Ras signaling pathway", etc. In APP/PS1 mice, the down-regulation of Gab2 and K-Ras, and the up-regulation of caspase-3, TGF-β1 and TNF-ɑ were observed; THC attenuated the abnormal expression of Gab2, K-Ras, caspase-3 and TNF-ɑ, and up-regulated TGF-β1 and Bag1 expression. In BV-2 cells, Aβ induced the down-regulation of Gab2, K-Ras and TGF-β1, and the overexpression of caspase-3, PARP1, cleaved-PARP1 and TNF-ɑ, which were restored by THC. Moreover, THC up-regulated Bag1 expression in Aβ-treated BV-2 cells. The decreased transcriptional expression of Ccnd2 and Cdkn1a were also observed in Aβ-treated BV-2 cells, and THC alleviated the down-regulation of Ccnd2. For the first time, we identified that the action of THC in preventing AD was associated with inhibition of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of microglia via the Ras/ERK signaling pathway, shedding new light on the role of THC in alleviating the progression of AD.
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Enhanced metabolic bioavailability of tetrahydrocurcumin after oral supplementation of a γ-cyclodextrin curcumin complex. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Peluzio MDCG, Martinez JA, Milagro FI. Postbiotics: Metabolites and mechanisms involved in microbiota-host interactions. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Efficacy and Safety of Tetrahydrocurcuminoids for the Treatment of Canker Sore and Gingivitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2020:6611877. [PMID: 33381205 PMCID: PMC7758131 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6611877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Tetrahydrocurcuminoids (THCs) are among the major metabolites of curcuminoids with a higher bioavailability and physiological stability and exhibit a broad spectrum of therapeutic activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of THCs in patients suffering from canker sore and gingivitis designed as an exploratory clinical trial. Methods This is an open label prospective pilot clinical trial carried out at two clinical centers: Noble Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, and Sri Venkateshwara Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka in India. Participants were assigned to 21 days of treatment with chewable oral THCs supplement. Patients were instructed to self-administer one chewable tablet containing 100 mg of THCs twice daily for up to 21 days. This clinical trial was registered at a public Clinical Trial Registry in India (http://www.ctri.nic.in). Thirty-one canker sore and twenty-nine gingivitis patients participated in this study. Body mass index, throat numbness/relief, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score, canker sore lesions, gingival appearance, inflammation and bleeding were assessed before and after treatment, at 14 and 21 days. Vital signs and laboratory parameters were assessed for safety. Results THCs treatment significantly reduced the reddening at the site, difficulty in chewing, swallowing, and VAS pain score in the canker sore patients. Further, both single and multiple lesions were completely healed. In gingivitis patients, gingival appearance, bleeding, and inflammation were significantly reduced. No adverse effects were observed during the study. Conclusion Overall, the findings of this study show that supplementation of THCs for 21 days reduced the pain and prevented the progression of the disease in patients suffering from canker sore and gingivitis without adverse side effects.
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Hassanzadeh K, Buccarello L, Dragotto J, Mohammadi A, Corbo M, Feligioni M. Obstacles against the Marketing of Curcumin as a Drug. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6619. [PMID: 32927725 PMCID: PMC7554750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the extensive public and scientific interest in the use of phytochemicals to prevent or treat human diseases in recent years, natural compounds have been highly investigated to elucidate their therapeutic effect on chronic human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease. Curcumin, an active principle of the perennial herb Curcuma longa, has attracted an increasing research interest over the last half-century due to its diversity of molecular targets, including transcription factors, enzymes, protein kinases, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, receptors, and it's interesting pharmacological activities. Despite that, the clinical effectiveness of the native curcumin is weak, owing to its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Preclinical data obtained from animal models and phase I clinical studies done in human volunteers confirmed a small amount of intestinal absorption, hepatic first pass effect, and some degree of intestinal metabolism, might explain its poor systemic availability when it is given via the oral route. During the last decade, researchers have attempted with new pharmaceutical methods such as nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, solid dispersions, emulsions, and microspheres to improve the bioavailability of curcumin. As a result, a significant number of bioavailable curcumin-based formulations were introduced with a varying range of enhanced bioavailability. This manuscript critically reviews the available scientific evidence on the basic and clinical effects and molecular targets of curcumin. We also discuss its pharmacokinetic and problems for marketing curcumin as a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Lucia Buccarello
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Jessica Dragotto
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marco Feligioni
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (K.H.); (L.B.); (J.D.)
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milano, Italy;
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15
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An Update on the Pharmacological Usage of Curcumin: Has it Failed in the Drug Discovery Pipeline? Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:267-289. [PMID: 32504356 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological propensities of curcumin have been reported in a plethora of pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, innate attributes account for extremely low oral bioavailability which impedes its development as a therapeutic agent. Regardless, these drawbacks have not deterred researchers from optimizing its potentials. This review discussed the pharmacokinetic properties of curcumin relative to its outlook as a lead compound in drug discovery. Also, we highlighted therapeutic strategies that have expedited improvements in curcumin oral bioavailability and delivery to target sites over the years. Recent implementations of these strategies were also covered. More research efforts should be directed towards investigating the pharmacokinetic impacts of these novel curcumin formulations in human clinical studies since inter-species disparities could limit the accuracies of animal studies. We envisaged that integrative-clinical research would help determine 'actual' improvements in curcumin pharmacokinetics coupled with suitable administrative routes, optimal dosing, and drug-enzyme or drug-drug interactions. In addition, this could help determine formulations for achieving higher systemic exposure of parent curcumin thereby providing a strong impetus towards the development of curcumin as a drug candidate in disease treatment.
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Lai CS, Ho CT, Pan MH. The Cancer Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Potential of Tetrahydrocurcumin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E831. [PMID: 32486019 PMCID: PMC7356876 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, cancer has been one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite advances in understanding the molecular basis of tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and clinical therapies, the discovery and development of effective drugs is an active and vital field in cancer research. Tetrahydrocurcumin is a major curcuminoid metabolite of curcumin, naturally occurring in turmeric. The interest in tetrahydrocurcumin research is increasing because it is superior to curcumin in its solubility in water, chemical stability, bioavailability, and anti-oxidative activity. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that tetrahydrocurcumin exerts anti-cancer effects through various mechanisms, including modulation of oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification, inflammation, proliferation, metastasis, programmed cell death, and immunity. Despite the pharmacological similarities between tetrahydrocurcumin and curcumin, the structure of tetrahydrocurcumin determines its distinct and specific molecular mechanism, thus making it a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of cancers. However, the utility of tetrahydrocurcumin is yet to be evaluated as only limited pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability studies have been performed. This review summarizes research on the anti-cancer properties of tetrahydrocurcumin and describes its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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17
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Kotra VSR, Satyabanta L, Goswami TK. A critical review of analytical methods for determination of curcuminoids in turmeric. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:5153-5166. [PMID: 31749463 PMCID: PMC6838282 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is one of the most important ingredients in Indian and Chinese cuisine. Curcuminoids and volatile oils present in turmeric are known for their functional and nutraceutical properties. Health benefits attributed to curcuminoids have resulted in their wide utilization in food and pharmaceutical formulations. Therefore, characterization and estimation of the curcuminoids in fresh/dry turmeric, food and nutraceutical products are essential for their quality control during processing and storage. To meet the demand for analytical methods of curcuminoids, several methods have been developed for their quantification in turmeric powder and food formulations. In the present review, various analytical methods (spectrophotometric, chromatographic, capillary electrophoresis and biosensor techniques) which are used for monitoring curcuminoids have been thoroughly summarized and discussed. The spectrophotometric method is not useful when individual components of curcuminoids are required. Mobile phase optimization, the broadness of spots, plate-to-plate variations are significant limitations for TLC and HPTLC methods. Many analysts believe that HPLC method is the best choice for curcuminoids determination because of its rapid analysis. Spectrofluorimetry and Electrochemical methods are the more advanced methods with high sensitivity as well as rapid analysis. However, the selection of analytical method for curcuminoids analysis depends on the type of sample matrix, purpose of the analysis and limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Subba Rao Kotra
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Laishram Satyabanta
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Tridib Kumar Goswami
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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18
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Pendleton EG, Jamasbi RJ, Geusz ME. Tetrahydrocurcumin, Curcumin, and 5-Fluorouracil Effects on Human Esophageal Carcinoma Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1012-1020. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190116141448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Esophageal cancer responds poorly to traditional therapies, and novel treatments are
needed. The phytochemical curcumin is a potential treatment for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
(ESCC). A curcumin metabolite, tetrahydrocurcumin (THCUR), has anti-cancer effects and greater bioavailability
than curcumin.
Objective:
Evaluate THCUR as an anti-cancer agent relative to curcumin and a standard cancer drug,
5-fluorouracil (5-FU), along with treatment interactions.
Materials and Methods:
Assay cell proliferation and viability following individual and combined delivery of
the compounds to three ESSC cell lines (TE-1, TE-8, and KY-5) that have different percentages of Cancer Stem
Cells (CSCs).
Results:
Curcumin was significantly more effective than 5-FU in all three cell lines. It also had the greatest
effect on KY-5 cells, which have the highest CSC properties, consistent with the ability of curcumin to target
CSCs. Effects on ESCC cell proliferation were not detected from 40µM THCUR, a dosage above the IC50 of
curcumin and 5-FU. However, THCUR at this dosage in combination with 5-FU significantly suppressed TE-1
cell proliferation, but 5-FU alone did not. As TE-1 has low CSC properties relative to the two other cell lines, it
was expected to have the least resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments. Surprisingly, TE-1 was the most resistant
to inhibition by 5-FU.
Conclusion:
These results and the greater stability and water solubility of THCUR than curcumin support further
testing of THCUR in combination with standard treatments, particularly for chemoresistant ESCC. In contrast
to concerns that curcuminoids taken by patients through diet or diet supplements might interfere with chemotherapy,
suppression of 5-FU efficacy by curcumin was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Pendleton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Roudabeh J. Jamasbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Michael E. Geusz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
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Tetrahydrocurcumin Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Attenuating High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis via Activating the SIRT1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6746907. [PMID: 31210844 PMCID: PMC6532281 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6746907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis play a crucial role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a major bioactive metabolite of natural antioxidant curcumin, is reported to exert even more effective antioxidative and superior antifibrotic properties as well as anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic abilities. This study was designed to investigate the potential protective effects of THC on experimental DCM and its underlying mechanisms, pointing to the role of high glucose-induced oxidative stress and interrelated fibrosis. In STZ-induced diabetic mice, oral administration of THC (120 mg/kg/d) for 12 weeks significantly improved the cardiac function and ameliorated myocardial fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy, accompanied by reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mechanically, THC administration remarkably increased the expression of the SIRT1 signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo, further evidenced by decreased downstream molecule Ac-SOD2 and enhanced deacetylated production SOD2, which finally strengthened antioxidative stress capacity proven by repaired activities of SOD and GSH-Px and reduced MDA production. Additionally, THC treatment accomplished its antifibrotic effect by depressing the ROS-induced TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway followed by reduced expression of cardiac fibrotic markers α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III. Collectively, these finds demonstrated the therapeutic potential of THC treatment to alleviate DCM mainly by attenuating hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis via activating the SIRT1 pathway.
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20
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Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket P, Jithavech P, Ongpipattanakul B, Rojsitthisak P. Interspecies differences in stability kinetics and plasma esterases involved in hydrolytic activation of curcumin diethyl disuccinate, a prodrug of curcumin. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4626-4634. [PMID: 35520191 PMCID: PMC9060607 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08594c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of in vitro plasma metabolism of ester prodrugs is an important part of in vitro ADME assays during preclinical drug development. Here, we show that the in vitro metabolism including plasma stability and metabolizing enzymes of curcumin diethyl disuccinate (CDD), an ester prodrug of curcumin, in dog and human plasma are similar but markedly different from those in rat plasma. HPLC and nonlinear regression analyses indicated that the hydrolysis of CDD in plasma followed a consecutive pseudo-first order reaction. The rapid hydrolytic cleavage of CDD in rat, dog, and human plasma was accelerated by plasma esterases in the following order: rat ≫ human > dog. LC-Q-TOF/MS analysis showed that the cleavage of ester bonds of CDD is preferential at the phenolic ester. Monoethylsuccinyl curcumin is the only intermediate metabolite found in plasma metabolism of CDD in all tested species. Further investigation using different esterase inhibitors revealed that carboxylesterase is the major enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of CDD in rats while multiple plasma esterases play a role in dogs and humans. Thus, the difference in the hydrolysis rates and the metabolizing enzymes of CDD metabolism in rat, dog and human plasma observed here is of benefit to further in vivo studies and provides a rationale for designing ester prodrugs of CUR with esterase-specific bioactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahweenvaj Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Program, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Ponsiree Jithavech
- Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Boonsri Ongpipattanakul
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation & Promotion Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rojsitthisak
- Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand +66-2-254-5195 +66-2-218-8310
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21
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Luca SV, Macovei I, Bujor A, Miron A, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Aprotosoaie AC, Trifan A. Bioactivity of dietary polyphenols: The role of metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:626-659. [PMID: 30614249 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1546669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A polyphenol-rich diet protects against chronic pathologies by modulating numerous physiological processes, such as cellular redox potential, enzymatic activity, cell proliferation and signaling transduction pathways. However, polyphenols have a low oral bioavailability mainly due to an extensive biotransformation mediated by phase I and phase II reactions in enterocytes and liver but also by gut microbiota. Despite low oral bioavailability, most polyphenols proved significant biological effects which brought into attention the low bioavailability/high bioactivity paradox. In recent years, polyphenol metabolites have attracted great interest as many of them showed similar or higher intrinsic biological effects in comparison to the parent compounds. There is a huge body of literature reporting on the biological functions of polyphenol metabolites generated by phase I and phase II metabolic reactions and gut microbiota-mediated biotransformation. In this respect, the review highlights the pharmacokinetic fate of the major dietary polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, rutin, genistein, daidzein, ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins) in order to further address the efficacy of biometabolites as compared to parent molecules. The present work strongly supports the contribution of metabolites to the health benefits of polyphenols, thus offering a better perspective in understanding the role played by dietary polyphenols in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania.,Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Irina Macovei
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bujor
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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22
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Pan MH, Chen JW, Kong ZL, Wu JC, Ho CT, Lai CS. Attenuation by Tetrahydrocurcumin of Adiposity and Hepatic Steatosis in Mice with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12685-12695. [PMID: 30415544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate the in vivo therapeutic value of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) intervention in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD for 10 weeks, and then they received 20 or 100 mg/kg THC along with the HFD for another 10 weeks. Mice fed an HFD for 20 weeks experienced obesity, hepatic steatosis, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) intervention for 10 weeks significantly reduced adiposity (epididymal-fat weights of 6.6 ± 0.4 g for the HFD-only group and 5.3 ± 0.8 and 5.6 ± 0.7 g for the HFD with 20 mg/kg THC and HFD with 100 mg/kg THC groups, respectively; p < 0.05) via downregulation of adipogenic factors. Inflammatory macrophage infiltration and polarization were decreased by THC in mouse epididymal adipose tissues. In the liver, THC markedly alleviated steatosis by approximately 28-37% ( p < 0.05) via the downregulation of lipogenesis, the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the increase of fatty acid oxidation. Elevated blood glucose and insulin resistance were also improved by THC, which might be caused by regulation of the hepatic insulin signaling cascade, gene transcription involved in glucose metabolism, and reduced macrophage infiltration in the liver and adipose tissue. Our results demonstrated the beneficial effects of THC-mediated intervention against obesity and NAFLD as well as other metabolic syndromes, revealing a novel therapeutic use of THC in obese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsiung Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital , China Medical University , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology , Asia University , Taichung 41354 , Taiwan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wun Chen
- Department of Seafood Science , National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology , Kaohsiung 811 , Taiwan
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science , National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung 202 , Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ching Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 704 , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science , National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology , Kaohsiung 811 , Taiwan
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23
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Tan A, Fanaras JC. Use of high-pH (basic/alkaline) mobile phases for LC-MS or LC-MS/MS bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4409. [PMID: 30315658 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
High-pH or basic/alkaline mobile phases are not commonly used in LC-MS or LC-MS/MS bioanalysis because of the deeply rooted concern with column instability and reduced detection sensitivity for basic compounds in high-pH mobile phases owing to charge neutralization. With the advancement of LC column technology and the wide recognition of the "wrong-way-round" phenomena, high-pH mobile phases are more and more used in LC-MS or LC-MS/MS bioanalysis to improve chromatographic peak shape, retention, selectivity, resolution, and detection sensitivity, not only for basic compounds, but also for many other compounds. In this article, the benefits, practical considerations, application examples and cautions for using high-pH mobile phases in LC-MS or LC-MS/MS bioanalysis are reviewed, with a focus on quantification. Furthermore, the future trends in this field are also envisaged. A total of 84 references are cited in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Tan
- Nucro-Technics, Scarborough, ON, Canada
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24
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Luo DD, Chen JF, Liu JJ, Xie JH, Zhang ZB, Gu JY, Zhuo JY, Huang S, Su ZR, Sun ZH. Tetrahydrocurcumin and octahydrocurcumin, the primary and final hydrogenated metabolites of curcumin, possess superior hepatic-protective effect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury: Role of CYP2E1 and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 123:349-362. [PMID: 30423402 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced hepatotoxicity is tightly associated with oxidative stress. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) and octahydrocurcumin (OHC), the primary and final hydrogenated metabolites of curcumin (CUR), possess stronger antioxidant activity in vitro. The present study was performed to investigate the potential and mechanism of OHC and THC against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in parallel to CUR. Our results showed that OHC and THC dose-dependently enhanced liver function (ALT and AST levels) and alleviated histopathological deterioration. Besides, OHC and THC significantly restored the hepatic antioxidant status by miring level of MDA and ROS, and elevated levels of GSH, SOD, CAT and T-AOC. In addition, OHC and THC markedly suppressed the activity and expressions of CYP2E1, and bound to the active sites of CYP2E1. Moreover, OHC and THC activated the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and enormously enhanced the translational activation of Nrf2-targeted gene (GCLC, GCLM, NQO1 and HO-1) against oxidative stress, via inhibiting the expression of Keap1 and blocking the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2. Particularly, OHC and THC exerted superior hepato-protective and antioxidant activities to CUR. In conclusion, OHC and THC possess favorable hepato-protective effect through restoring antioxidant status, inhibiting CYP2E1 and activating Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, which might represent promising antioxidants for the treatment of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jin-Fen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Zhen-Biao Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jiang-Yong Gu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Jian-Yi Zhuo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Song Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, PR China.
| | - Zhang-Hua Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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25
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Chen BL, Chen YQ, Ma BH, Yu SF, Li LY, Zeng QX, Zhou YT, Wu YF, Liu WL, Wan JB, Yang Y, Li CW. Tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin, ameliorates allergic airway inflammation by attenuating Th2 response and suppressing the IL-4Rα-Jak1-STAT6 and Jagged1/Jagged2 -Notch1/Notch2 pathways in asthmatic mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1494-1508. [PMID: 30137697 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin (Cur), derived from Curcuma species, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Although Cur has some beneficial effects on asthma, its clinical application is limited by its low bioavailability. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), the major active metabolite of Cur, has multiple biological functions, similarly to Cur, and importantly, it showed enhanced bioavailability in tissues and plasma. However, the effect of THC on asthma has not been reported. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to investigate the efficacy of dietary THC on allergic asthma compared to that of Cur in an animal model. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of Cur and THC were evaluated in an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mouse model. The nasal symptoms, pathological alterations of the lung tissues, oxidants and antioxidants, cytokine production, T cell subsets, and Th2-related signalling pathway activity were assessed. RESULTS Both THC and Cur had beneficial effects on asthmatic mice with regard to nasal symptoms, pathological changes (eosinophils and mucus hyper-production), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde), cytokine production (IL-13), Th17 and cytotoxic T cell subsets, and Th2 signalling pathway (IL-4Rα-Jak1-STAT6 and Jagged1/Jagged2-Notch1/Notch2 axis) activity. THC was more effective than Cur in suppressing tissue eosinophilia, mucus production, and IL-4Rα/Jak1/STAT6 pathway activity. Furthermore, only THC inhibited peripheral eosinophil levels, Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5), and Th2 cell subsets and enhanced an antioxidant enzyme (glutathione). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The above results demonstrated for the first time that THC was superior to Cur in modulating allergic asthmatic phenotypes, especially attenuating the Th2 response. THC might be a potentially effective agent for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou Campus), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Qiu Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bai Hui Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou Campus), Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Fei Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yue Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Xiang Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tao Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Fan Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou Campus), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Long Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou Campus), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen JW, Kong ZL, Tsai ML, Lo CY, Ho CT, Lai CS. Tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorates free fatty acid-induced hepatic steatosis and improves insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1075-1085. [PMID: 29976400 PMCID: PMC9303024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the liver, resulting from either increased lipolysis or imbalanced FFAs flux, is a key pathogenic factor of hepatic steatosis. This study was conducted to examine the therapeutic effect of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a naturally occurring curcuminoid and a metabolite of curcumin, on oleic acid (OA)-induced steatosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. HepG2 cells were incubated with OA to induce steatosis, and then treated with various concentrations of THC. The results showed that THC treatment significantly decreased lipid accumulation in OA-treated HepG2 cells, possibly, by inhibiting the expression of the lipogenic proteins, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). Moreover, THC attenuated OA-induced hepatic lipogenesis in an adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner, which was reversed by pretreatment with an AMPK inhibitor. THC promoted lipolysis and upregulated the expression of genes involved in β-oxidation. Glucose uptake and insulin signaling impaired in HepG2 cells incubated with OA were abated by THC treatment, including phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and downstream signaling pathways, forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β), which are involved in gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis, respectively. Altogether, these results demonstrated the novel therapeutic benefit of THC against hepatic steatosis and, consequently, a potential treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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How much separation for LC–MS/MS quantitative bioanalysis of drugs and metabolites? J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1084:23-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lau WL, Khazaeli M, Savoj J, Manekia K, Bangash M, Thakurta RG, Dang A, Vaziri ND, Singh B. Dietary tetrahydrocurcumin reduces renal fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00385. [PMID: 29468071 PMCID: PMC5817151 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is the principal metabolite of curcumin and has antioxidant properties. In the present investigation, the effect of THC on renal and cardiovascular outcomes was studied in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD rats were randomized following 5/6 nephrectomy to a special diet for 9 weeks which contained 1% THC (CKD+THC group). Low-dose polyenylphosphatidylcholine was used as a lipid carrier to increase bioavailability. Endpoints included tail blood pressure, normalized heart weight, plasma and urine biochemical data, and kidney tissue analyses. CKD animals demonstrated increased proteinuria, decreased creatinine clearance, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. The antioxidant proteins CuZn SOD and glutathione peroxidase were decreased in the remnant kidney, while apoptosis (caspase-3) and fibrosis (alpha-SM actin) were increased. Renal fibrosis was confirmed histologically on trichrome staining. These pathologic changes were ameliorated in the CKD+THC group with significant decrease in proteinuria, hypertension, and kidney fibrosis. THC therapy restored levels of CuZn SOD and glutathione peroxidase. Consistent with prior reports, dietary THC did not improve nuclear Nrf2 levels. In summary, dietary THC therapy improved expression of antioxidant proteins in the remnant kidney, decreased renal fibrosis and proteinuria, and ameliorated hypertension in 5/6 nephrectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | - Mahyar Khazaeli
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | - Javad Savoj
- Department of Internal MedicineRiverside Community HospitalUniversity of California‐Riverside School of MedicineRiversideCA
| | - Kasim Manekia
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | - Maria Bangash
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | | | - Anhthu Dang
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | - Nosratola D. Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California‐IrvineOrangeCA
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Liu Y, Siard M, Adams A, Keowen ML, Miller TK, Garza F, Andrews FM, Seeram NP. Simultaneous quantification of free curcuminoids and their metabolites in equine plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018. [PMID: 29529492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The human health benefits attributed to turmeric/curcumin spice has resulted in its wide utilization as a dietary supplement for companion pets and other animals including horses. While the quantification of free curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin) and their phase-2 metabolites (curcumin-O-sulfate, curcumin-O-glucuronide) have been extensively investigated in human and rodent biological samples (primarily plasma and serum), there is lack of similar data for horses. Herein, we report a validated LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of the aforementioned free curcuminoids and their metabolites in equine plasma. The linearity of the aforementioned curcuminoids and curcumin-O-sulfate was in the range of 0.5-1000 ng/mL and 1-1000 ng/mL for curcumin-O-glucuronide with 85-115% accuracy and <15% precision in equine plasma. The method was validated based on US FDA criteria and applied to characterize the pharmacokinetics of curcumin-O-sulfate in equine plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Melissa Siard
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Road, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Amanda Adams
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Road, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Michael L Keowen
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, 1843 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Travis K Miller
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, 1843 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Frank Garza
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, 1843 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Frank M Andrews
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, 1843 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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Liu W, Zhang Z, Lin G, Luo D, Chen H, Yang H, Liang J, Liu Y, Xie J, Su Z, Cao H. Tetrahydrocurcumin is more effective than curcumin in inducing the apoptosis of H22 cells via regulation of a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in ascites tumor-bearing mice. Food Funct 2018; 8:3120-3129. [PMID: 28766664 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00484b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR), a widely used food additive, is derived mainly from Curcuma species that has been applied traditionally for the treatment of various diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its poor systemic bioavailability hampers its clinical application, which may be related to its wide metabolism. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major metabolite of CUR and has been reported to have multiple biologic activities. We investigated, for the first time, the efficacy and associated mechanism of action of THC and CUR in a H22 ascites tumor-bearing model in mice. THC evoked a significant dose-dependent promotion of survival and was significantly more effective than CUR in inhibiting tumor growth, including increased body weight, abdominal circumference, ascites volume, and the viability of cancer cells. Experiments on essential immune organs indicated that THC had a more favorable margin of safety than the reference drug cyclophosphamide. THC induced the apoptosis of H22 cells obviously by increasing the level of p53 and decreasing the level of murine double minute 2. THC also decreased the expression of Bcl-2 significantly and increased the expression of Bcl2-associated X, resulting in the release of cytochrome C. THC significantly activated and induced cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-9 to induce the apoptosis of H22 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that THC was more effective than CUR in inhibiting the apoptosis of H22-induced ascites tumor cells and achieved it via regulation of a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. THC might be a bioactive anti-tumor form of CUR and represented a potentially effective agent for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Liu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China
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Majeed M, Natarajan S, Pandey A, Bani S, Mundkur L. Subchronic and Reproductive/Developmental Toxicity Studies of Tetrahydrocurcumin in Rats. Toxicol Res 2018; 35:65-74. [PMID: 30766658 PMCID: PMC6354947 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.1.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major metabolite of curcumin, which is obtained from Curcuma longa. THC has various benefits and overcomes the bioavailability issue of curcumin. To establish it as a pharmacologically active molecule, its safety profile has to be determined. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the preclinical safety profile of THC in a 90-day subchronic and reproductive/developmental toxicity study in Wistar rats. THC at oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered daily for 90 days. Rats in the recovery group were kept for 14 days after treatment termination. The animals were observed for treatment-related morbidity, mortality, and changes in clinical signs, clinical pathology, and histopathology. In the reproductive/developmental toxicity study, THC at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered orally to rats and the reproductive/developmental parameters in adult male and female rats and pups were observed. THC at up to 400 mg/kg/day of did not have any significant effect on all parameters in male and female rats in both toxicity studies. Thus, 400 mg/kg/day can be considered as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level of THC in rats.
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Chen Z, Sun D, Bi X, Zeng X, Luo W, Cai D, Zeng Q, Xu A. Pharmacokinetic based study on "lagged stimulation" of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma - Piper nigrum couplet in their main active components' metabolism using UPLC-MS-MS. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 27:15-22. [PMID: 28314475 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumae Longae Rhizoma is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines, which has multiple biological activities such as relieving stagnation and stasis, pain alleviation, curing amenorrhea and wounds. However, its main active component-curcumin has poor absorption and very fast metabolism in body. To solve this problem, Piper nigrum was introduced for its ability to strengthen bioavailability of other compounds. PURPOSE In most cases of TCM couplets, all ingredients were prepared and taken simultaneously, which in our opinion did not take full advantage of their interactions. Therefore, order of administration should be adjusted according to pharmacokinetic parameters of the ingredients, which the ones act as supplement can first be taken, and main therapeutic components followed when the former reached its peak. METHOD the extract of Piper nigrum (containing at least 95% piperine) was taken by rats 6h before taking Curcumae Longae Rhizoma extract (containing at least 95% curcumin). Then, a UPLC-MS-MS method was developed to determine their content in plasma simultaneously. Determination was carried out by on a C18 column within 5min by isocratic elution using 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile (50:50, v/v). Tandem mass detection was conducted by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) via electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive mode. Samples were pre-treated by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and verapamil was used as internal standard (IS). RESULTS For both curcumin and piperine, the proposed method had good linearity (r2=0.999) within the concentration range of 1-1000ng/ml, with good recovery, precision and stability. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1ng/ml. As pharmacokinetic data indicated, Maximum concentration (Cmax) of curcumin increased significantly to 394.06; the time reach maximum concentration (Tmax) and elimination half-life (T1/2) were 0.5 and 0.67h, respectively; CONCLUSION: The results provide a good strategy for the investigation of TCM formula especially the couplets, as well as a fast, selective and sensitive UPLC-MS-MS method determining active components in-vivo. Furthermore, the finding of "lagged stimulation" suggested that the use of complex formula should take pharmacokinetics into much more careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Affiliated Guangdong second TCM hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Affiliated Guangdong second TCM hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China.
| | - Xiaoli Bi
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Affiliated Guangdong second TCM hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Xiaohui Zeng
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Affiliated Guangdong second TCM hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Wenhui Luo
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Affiliated Guangdong second TCM hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Dake Cai
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Affiliated Guangdong second TCM hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Qiaohuang Zeng
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Affiliated Guangdong second TCM hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Aili Xu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Affiliated Guangdong second TCM hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu rd., Guangzhou, 510095, China
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Use of basic mobile phase to improve chromatography and boost sensitivity for quantifying tetrahydrocurcumin in human plasma by LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1028:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Benlloch M, Obrador E, Valles SL, Rodriguez ML, Sirerol JA, Alcácer J, Pellicer JA, Salvador R, Cerdá C, Sáez GT, Estrela JM. Pterostilbene Decreases the Antioxidant Defenses of Aggressive Cancer Cells In Vivo: A Physiological Glucocorticoids- and Nrf2-Dependent Mechanism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:974-90. [PMID: 26651028 PMCID: PMC4921902 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Polyphenolic phytochemicals have anticancer properties. However, in mechanistic studies, lack of correlation with the bioavailable concentrations is a critical issue. Some reports had suggested that these molecules downregulate the stress response, which may affect growth and the antioxidant protection of malignant cells. Initially, we studied this potential underlying mechanism using different human melanomas (with genetic backgrounds correlating with most melanomas), growing in nude mice as xenografts, and pterostilbene (Pter, a natural dimethoxylated analog of resveratrol). RESULTS Intravenous administration of Pter decreased human melanoma growth in vivo. However, Pter, at levels measured within the tumors, did not affect melanoma growth in vitro. Pter inhibited pituitary production of the adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), decreased plasma levels of corticosterone, and thereby downregulated the glucocorticoid receptor- and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidant defense system in growing melanomas. Exogenous corticosterone or genetically induced Nrf2 overexpression in melanoma cells prevented the inhibition of tumor growth and decreased antioxidant defenses in these malignant cells. These effects and mechanisms were also found in mice bearing different human pancreatic cancers. Glutathione depletion (selected as an antimelanoma strategy) facilitated the complete elimination by chemotherapy of melanoma cells isolated from mice treated with Pter. INNOVATION Although bioavailability-related limitations may preclude direct anticancer effects in vivo, natural polyphenols may also interfere with the growth and defense of cancer cells by downregulating the pituitary gland-dependent ACTH synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Pter downregulates glucocorticoid production, thus decreasing the glucocorticoid receptor and Nrf2-dependent signaling/transcription and the antioxidant protection of melanoma and pancreatic cancer cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 974-990.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Benlloch
- 1 Department of Health and Functional Valorization, San Vicente Martir Catholic University , Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Obrador
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Soraya L Valles
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - María L Rodriguez
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - J Antoni Sirerol
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Alcácer
- 3 Pathology Laboratory, Quirón Hospital , Valencia, Spain
| | - José A Pellicer
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosario Salvador
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Concha Cerdá
- 4 Service of Clinical Analysis-CDB, General University Hospital, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo T Sáez
- 4 Service of Clinical Analysis-CDB, General University Hospital, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology-INCLIVA, Service of Clinical Analysis, Dr. Peset University Hospital, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Estrela
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
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Tan S, Rupasinghe TWT, Tull DL, Augustin MA, Gras SL. Liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry detection of curcuminoids from bacterial culture medium. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:116-20. [PMID: 25770788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been used to detect polyphenolic curcuminoids found in turmeric but studies of metabolism by bacterial and mammalian cells in vitro are compromised by poor recovery from the culture medium. We report a liquid-liquid extraction procedure with ethyl acetate and use LC-MS to quantify extracted curcuminoids. Ethyl acetate allows recoveries of ∼ 80-86% of curcuminoids from the bacterial growth medium, bacterial cell lysate and combined bacterial cell and growth medium matrices; a clear improvement over acetonitrile where recoveries were ∼ 25-66%. This optimised method will enable studies of curcuminoid metabolism and may be applicable to other hydrophobic polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryani Tan
- CSIRO Food, Nutrition and Bioproducts Flagship, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Thusitha W T Rupasinghe
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Dedreia L Tull
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Food, Nutrition and Bioproducts Flagship, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia
| | - Sally L Gras
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia; ARC Dairy Innovation Hub, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
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Lu X, Jiang K, Han L, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Meng S. Sulfonation of curcuminoids: Characterization and contribution of individual SULT enzymes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:634-45. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Kunyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Long Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Maofan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yinglin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yiping Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics; School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning P. R. China
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Aggarwal BB, Deb L, Prasad S. Curcumin differs from tetrahydrocurcumin for molecular targets, signaling pathways and cellular responses. Molecules 2014; 20:185-205. [PMID: 25547723 PMCID: PMC6272158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a golden pigment from turmeric, has been linked with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties. Most of the these activities have been assigned to methoxy, hydroxyl, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety or to diketone groups present in curcumin. One of the major metabolites of curcumin is tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), which lacks α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety and is white in color. Whether THC is superior to curcumin on a molecular level is unclear and thus is the focus of this review. Various studies suggest that curcumin is a more potent antioxidant than THC; curcumin (but not THC) can bind and inhibit numerous targets including DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase-1, heme oxygenase-1, Nrf2, β-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2, NF-kappaB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, amyloid plaques, reactive oxygen species, vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclin D1, glutathione, P300/CBP, 5-lipoxygenase, cytosolic phospholipase A2, prostaglandin E2, inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase-1, -2, P38MAPK, p-Tau, tumor necrosis factor-α, forkhead box O3a, CRAC; curcumin can inhibit tumor cell growth and suppress cellular entry of viruses such as influenza A virus and hepatitis C virus much more effectively than THC; curcumin affects membrane mobility; and curcumin is also more effective than THC in suppressing phorbol-ester-induced tumor promotion. Other studies, however, suggest that THC is superior to curcumin for induction of GSH peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, NADPH: quinone reductase, and quenching of free radicals. Most studies have indicated that THC exhibits higher antioxidant activity, but curcumin exhibits both pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77054, TX, USA.
| | - Lokesh Deb
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77054, TX, USA.
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77054, TX, USA.
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Tan S, Rupasinghe TWT, Tull DL, Boughton B, Oliver C, McSweeny C, Gras SL, Augustin MA. Degradation of curcuminoids by in vitro pure culture fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11005-11015. [PMID: 25317751 DOI: 10.1021/jf5031168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colonic bacteria may mediate the transformation of curcuminoids, but studies of this metabolism are limited. Here, the metabolism of curcuminoids by Escherichia fergusonii (ATCC 35469) and two Escherichia coli strains (ATCC 8739 and DH10B) was examined in modified medium for colon bacteria (mMCB) with or without pig cecal fluid. LC-MS analysis showed that 16-37% of curcumin, 6-16% of demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and 7-15% of bis-demethoxycurcumin (Bis-DMC), and 7-15% of bis-demethoxycurcumin (Bis-DMC) were converted following 36 h of fermentation, with the amount of curcuminoids degraded varying depending on the bacterial strain and medium used. Three metabolites (dihydrocurcumin (DHC), tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), and ferulic acid (FA)) were found in fermentation cultures with all strains used. In addition, a compound with m/z [M - H](-) 470 was found and identified to be a curcumin adduct (curcumin-l-cysteine), using accurate mass FT-ICR-MS. This study provides insights into the bacterial metabolism of curcuminoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryani Tan
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
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Cao Y, Xu RX, Liu Z. A high-throughput quantification method of curcuminoids and curcumin metabolites in human plasma via high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 949-950:70-8. [PMID: 24480327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Curcuminoids, a mixture of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), have shown a variety of clinical benefits for several human chronic diseases including osteoarthritis, rheumatoarthritis, and type II diabetes. However, the oral bioavailability of curcumin is extremely low due to its avid metabolism to curcumin O-glucuronide (COG), curcumin O-sulfate (COS), tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), and other minor metabolites. This paper reports a unique liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify curcumin, DMC, BDMC, COG, COS, and THC simultaneously in human plasma. These compounds were extracted with ethyl acetate from human plasma, separated on a BetaBasic-8 column, and monitored on a triple quadruple mass spectrometer coupled with API electrospray under a negative ion mode. The linearity of these respective curcuminoids and curcumin metabolites was shown in the range of 2-1000ng/mL with 85-115% accuracy and ≤20% precision in human plasma. This method was validated according to the US FDA GLP analytic criteria and applied to characterize the pharmacokinetics of curcumin, COG, and COS in human plasma after an oral dose of bioavailable curcumin (nanoemulsion curcumin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongfa Liu
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Lestari MLAD, Indrayanto G. Curcumin. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2014; 39:113-204. [PMID: 24794906 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800173-8.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin and its two related compounds, that is, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin (curcuminoids) are the main secondary metabolites of Curcuma longa and other Curcuma spp. Curcumin is commonly used as coloring agent as well as food additive; curcumin has also shown some therapeutic activities. This review summarizes stability of curcumin in solutions, spectroscopy characteristics of curcumin (UV, IR, Raman, MS, and NMR), polymorphism forms, method of analysis in both of biological and nonbiological samples, and metabolite studies of curcumin. For analysis of curcumin and its related compounds in complex matrices, application of LC-MS/MS is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L A D Lestari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Dharmawangsa Dalam, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Gunawan Indrayanto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Dharmawangsa Dalam, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Gugulothu D, Desai P, Patravale V. A Versatile Liquid Chromatographic Technique for Pharmacokinetic Estimation of Curcumin in Human Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:872-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Soh SF, Huang CK, Lee SO, Xu D, Yeh S, Li J, Yong EL, Gong Y, Chang C. Determination of androgen receptor degradation enhancer ASC-J9(®) in mouse sera and organs with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 88:117-22. [PMID: 24042123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel androgen receptor (AR) degradation enhancer ASC-J9(®) has displayed beneficial effects during the in vitro and in vivo studies for treatment of prostate cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). It works mainly via the degradation of AR with minimal side effects on the tested mice. Here we developed a fast, robust and more sensitive method for the quantification of ASC-J9(®) in 100μL of mouse serum by using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 5nM for ASCJ9(®). This method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of ASC-J9(®) in mice serum samples and also the distribution of the drug in various mice organs after single dose injection with results showing that ASC-J9(®) could be quickly absorbed in vivo and had a relatively slow elimination half-life of 5.45h. The ASC-J9(®) also exhibited a higher tendency to accumulate in organs such as liver, testes and prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Fang Soh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074; George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Abstract
Nanoparticles are promising aids for drug delivery for previously challenging diseases, and many incurable ones. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a pleiotropic molecule having various target molecules in the body. Despite its effects, curcumin-based drugs are not readily available in the market because of their low bioavailability. Although dietary intake and knowledge about the potential of curcumin are high in countries like India, studies indicate that the bioavailability problem still persists. However, administration of curcumin through inhalation has received little consideration. In this review we discuss the potential of curcumin, approaches made to overcome the bioavailability challenges, and novel approaches that could be applied in order to deliver curcumin in a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkata R. Narala
- Department of Zoology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa - 516 003, A.P., India
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Bill MA, Nicholas C, Mace TA, Etter JP, Li C, Schwartz EB, Fuchs JR, Young GS, Lin L, Lin J, He L, Phelps M, Li PK, Lesinski GB. Structurally modified curcumin analogs inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and promote apoptosis of human renal cell carcinoma and melanoma cell lines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40724. [PMID: 22899991 PMCID: PMC3416819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase-2 (Jak2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) pathway is critical for promoting an oncogenic and metastatic phenotype in several types of cancer including renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and melanoma. This study describes two small molecule inhibitors of the Jak2-STAT3 pathway, FLLL32 and its more soluble analog, FLLL62. These compounds are structurally distinct curcumin analogs that bind selectively to the SH2 domain of STAT3 to inhibit its phosphorylation and dimerization. We hypothesized that FLLL32 and FLLL62 would induce apoptosis in RCC and melanoma cells and display specificity for the Jak2-STAT3 pathway. FLLL32 and FLLL62 could inhibit STAT3 dimerization in vitro. These compounds reduced basal STAT3 phosphorylation (pSTAT3), and induced apoptosis in four separate human RCC cell lines and in human melanoma cell lines as determined by Annexin V/PI staining. Apoptosis was also confirmed by immunoblot analysis of caspase-3 processing and PARP cleavage. Pre-treatment of RCC and melanoma cell lines with FLLL32/62 did not inhibit IFN-γ-induced pSTAT1. In contrast to FLLL32, curcumin and FLLL62 reduced downstream STAT1-mediated gene expression of IRF1 as determined by Real Time PCR. FLLL32 and FLLL62 significantly reduced secretion of VEGF from RCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner as determined by ELISA. Finally, each of these compounds inhibited in vitro generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These data support further investigation of FLLL32 and FLLL62 as lead compounds for STAT3 inhibition in RCC and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Bill
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Courtney Nicholas
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Mace
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Etter
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric B. Schwartz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James R. Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. Young
- Center for Biostatistics, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Li Lin
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lei He
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mitch Phelps
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Pui-Kai Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gregory B. Lesinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen W, Fan-Havard P, Yee LD, Cao Y, Stoner GD, Chan KK, Liu Z. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for quantification of curcumin-O-glucuronide and curcumin in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 900:89-93. [PMID: 22682887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a widely used herbal medicine for various human diseases including inflammation and cancer. The demonstration and optimization of curcumin's activities in the clinical setting, however, have been compromised by its poor bioavailability and the lack of analytic methods to monitor its absorption. In this paper, we report the first validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for simultaneous quantification of curcumin and its major metabolite: curcumin-O-glucuronide (COG), in the linear range of 2.0-2000 ng/mL in human plasma. The intra-day and inter-day accuracies of curcumin and COG in human plasma were in the range of 91.3-111.5% and 82.7-109.2% and their co-efficiency of variations were in the range of 3.5-12.7% and 3.1-11.3%, respectively. This method was capable of detecting only COG in human plasma samples from two healthy volunteers after an oral ingestion of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310022, China
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Zhongfa L, Chiu M, Wang J, Chen W, Yen W, Fan-Havard P, Yee LD, Chan KK. Enhancement of curcumin oral absorption and pharmacokinetics of curcuminoids and curcumin metabolites in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:679-89. [PMID: 21968952 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Curcumin has shown a variety of biological activity for various human diseases including cancer in preclinical setting. Its poor oral bioavailability poses significant pharmacological barriers to its clinical application. Here, we established a practical nano-emulsion curcumin (NEC) containing up to 20% curcumin (w/w) and conducted the pharmacokinetics of curcuminoids and curcumin metabolites in mice. METHODS This high loading NEC was formulated based on the high solubility of curcumin in polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and the synergistic enhancement of curcumin absorption by PEGs and Cremophor EL. The pharmacokinetics of curcuminoids and curcumin metabolites was characterized in mice using a LC-MS/MS method, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using WinNonlin computer software. RESULTS A tenfold increase in the AUC (0→24h) and more than 40-fold increase in the C (max) in mice were observed after an oral dose of NEC compared with suspension curcumin in 1% methylcellulose. The plasma pharmacokinetics of its two natural congeners, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, and three metabolites, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), curcumin-O-glucuronide, and curcumin-O-sulfate, was characterized for the first time in mice after an oral dose of NEC. CONCLUSION This oral absorption enhanced NEC may provide a practical formulation to conduct the correlative study of the PK of curcuminoids and their pharmacodynamics, e.g., hypomethylation activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhongfa
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Room 152, Riffe Building, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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