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Wen Y, Zhao S, Yu Z, Gong W, Lu S, Li H, Wang J. Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer for the specific adsorption and selective extraction of alkylresorcinols from whole wheat flour. Food Chem 2024; 454:139815. [PMID: 38820642 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols are important biomarkers for evaluating whole wheat foods. However, their structures encompass a broad spectrum of homologs, making isolating and analyzing individual alkylresorcinol notably challenging. Herein, we synthesized highly selective molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) utilizing a facile and cost-effective precipitation polymerization method and 5-heneicosylresorcinol (ARC21:0) as the template molecule. Various crucial preparation parameters were systematically optimized, such as different porogens, functional monomers, imprinting ratios, and polymerization time. The polymers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their adsorption performances were thoroughly evaluated. MIPs exhibited a notably enhanced adsorption capacity compared with that of non-imprinted polymers, reaching an optimal adsorption amount of 71.75 mg·mL-1 and imprinting factor of 2.02. Altogether, the synthesized MIPs showed superior affinity and selectivity for ARC21:0, as confirmed by their selective extraction, suggesting their potential applications in the analysis, separation, and monitoring of ARC21:0 in whole wheat foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shichao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhenjia Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shiyi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Wen Y, Wang M, Gong W, Wang H, Fan H, Li H, Wang J, Sun B. Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Based on α-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex and MXene Modification for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Alkylresorcinols in Whole Wheat Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10655-10664. [PMID: 38661642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Authenticating whole wheat foods poses a significant challenge for both the grain industry and consumers. Alkylresorcinols (ARs), serving as biomarkers of whole wheat, play a crucial role in assessing the authenticity of whole wheat foods. Herein, we introduce a novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor with modifications involving a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and MXene nanosheets, enabling highly sensitive and selective detection of ARs. Notably, we specifically chose 5-heneicosylresorcinol (AR21), the predominant homologue in whole wheat, as the template molecule. α-Cyclodextrin and acrylamide served as dual functional monomers, establishing a robust multiple interaction between the MIP and AR21. As a result, the sensor exhibited a wide linear range of 0.005 to 100 μg·mL-1 and a low detection limit of 2.52 ng·mL-1, demonstrating exceptional selectivity and stability. When applied to commercial whole wheat foods, the assay achieved satisfactory recoveries and accuracy, strongly validating the practicality and effectiveness of this analytical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Haoran Fan
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Ministry of Education), Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
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Coglianese A, Charlier B, Mensitieri F, Filippelli A, Izzo V, Dal Piaz F. Standard addition method (SAM) in LC-MS/MS to quantify gluten-derived metabolites in urine samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 232:115416. [PMID: 37120973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A tight adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), the most effective treatment currently available for celiac disease, is important to reduce symptoms, avoid nutritional deficiencies and improve quality of life in celiac patients. The development of analytical methods allowing detecting gluten exposure due to occasional or involuntary food transgressions could represent a useful tool to monitor patient habits and conditions and prevent long-term complications. The aim of this work was to develop and validate an approach based on the standard addition methodology (SAM) for the detection and quantification of two main metabolites of alkylresorcinols, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (DHPPA), whose presence in urine samples is related to the intake of gluten-containing foods. Analytically, the method consisted of a protein precipitation step followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The chromatographic method involved the use of a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in a direct phase approach; LC-MS/MS analyses were performed in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Manipulation and instrumental errors were normalised using stable isotopic standards (ISs). The SAM approach here described requires less than 1 mL of urine per sample, thus greatly reducing the sample volume needed. Noteworthy, despite the small cohort of samples analysed, our data allowed to identify a potential "threshold" value, around 200 ng/mL for DHBA and 400 ng/mL for DHPPA, to discriminate between a GFD and a gluten rich diet (GRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albino Coglianese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, SA, Italy; Graduate School in Clinical Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Bruno Charlier
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, SA, Italy; University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Francesca Mensitieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, SA, Italy; University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, SA, Italy; University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, SA, Italy; University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, SA, Italy.
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Yu C, Wang L, Zheng J, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Bi K, Li D, Li Q. Nanoconfinement effect based in-fiber extraction and derivatization method for ultrafast analysis of twenty amines in human urine by GC-MS: Application to cancer diagnosis biomarkers’ screening. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1217:339985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effects of substitution dietary guidelines targeted at prevention of IHD on dietary intake and risk factors in middle-aged Danish adults: the Diet and Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease: a Translational Approach (DIPI) randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1179-1193. [PMID: 33357247 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effects of substitution (SUB) dietary guidelines (DG) targeted at the prevention of IHD on dietary intake and IHD risk factors in Danish adults with minimum one self-assessed IHD risk factor. A 6-month single-blinded parallel randomised controlled trial with a follow-up at month 12 included 219 subjects (median age 51 years, 59 % female, 73 % overweight or obese) randomised into an SUB DG, an official (OFF) DG or a control group following their habitual diet (HAB). Participants in the DG intervention groups received bi-weekly reminders of their DG and recipes for dishes and the HAB group received a greeting. Dietary intake and fasting blood, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were obtained at baseline, month 6 and month 12. Linear regression analyses were applied. At month 6, when compared with the HAB, the SUB had a greater impact on the extent of dietary changes with increased intake of whole grains, dietary fibre and low fibre vegetables compared with the OFF DG, and both DG groups had similar decreased percentage of energy (E%) intake from SFA. The extent of dietary changes was similar at month 12. No overall significant changes from baseline were found in blood pressure, anthropometrics and IHD risk markers. In conclusion, both SUB and OFF DG resulted in cardioprotective dietary changes. However, neither the SUB nor the OFF DG resulted in any overall effects on the selected intermediate risk factors for IHD.
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Xue K, Liu Y, Iversen KN, Mazidi M, Qu Z, Dong C, Jin T, Hallmans G, Åman P, Johansson A, He G, Landberg R. Impact of a Fermented High-Fiber Rye Diet on Helicobacter pylori and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial Among Helicobacter pylori-Positive Chinese Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 7:608623. [PMID: 33521037 PMCID: PMC7844128 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.608623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High dietary fiber intake has been associated with reduced risk of Helicobacter pylori infection and co-morbidities such as gastric cancer but also with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that fermented rye could affect Helicobacter pylori bacterial load and that high- fiber rye may be superior to wheat for improvement of several cardiometabolic risk factors, but few long-term interventions with high fiber rye foods have been conducted. Objective: To examine the effect of high-fiber wholegrain rye foods with added fermented rye bran vs. refined wheat on Helicobacter pylori infection and cardiometabolic risk markers in a Chinese population with a low habitual consumption of high fiber cereal foods. Design: A parallel dietary intervention was set up and 182 normal- or overweight men and women were randomized to consume wholegrain rye products containing fermented rye bran (FRB) or refined wheat (RW) for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood sample collection and 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) were performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of intervention as well as 12 weeks after the end of the intervention. Results: No difference between diets on Helicobacter pylori bacterial load measured by 13C-UBT breath test or in virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori in blood samples were found. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were significantly lower in the FRB group, compared to the RW group after 12 weeks of intervention. The intervention diets did not affect markers of glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: While the results of the present study did not support any effect of FRB on Helicobacter pylori bacterial load, beneficial effects on LDL-C and hs-CRP were clearly shown. This suggest that consumption of high fiber rye foods instead of refined wheat could be one strategy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03103386.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kia Nøhr Iversen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zheng Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tayi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gengsheng He
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zou Y, Fan F, Fang Y, Li P, Xia J, Shen X, Liu Q, Hu Q. Neuroprotective Effect of Alkylresorcinols from Wheat Bran in HT22 Cells: Correlation with in vitro Antioxidant Activity. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.210125.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Long-term whole-grain rye and wheat consumption and their associations with selected biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:123-132. [PMID: 32782386 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Whole-grain (WG) intake has been associated with a lowered risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers in epidemiological studies. Reduced subclinical inflammation could be one important mechanism behind such associations. This study investigated whether high long-term WG rye and wheat intakes were associated with lower concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and protein biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease. SUBJECTS/METHODS We assessed WG intake by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and by measuring alkylresorcinols (ARs) in plasma and adipose tissue, respectively. Selected biomarkers in free-living 109 women and 149 men were analyzed from two clinical subcohort studies (Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical (SMC-C) and Cohort of Swedish Men-Clinical (COSM-C), respectively. Total WG rye and wheat (WGRnW) and the ratio of WG rye to WG rye and wheat (WGR/WGRnW) were estimated from FFQs. ARs were measured in plasma and adipose tissue by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the biomarkers by ELISA. RESULTS We found no consistent associations between WG intake assessed by different methods and the selected biomarkers. However, WGRnW intake was inversely associated with cathepsin S (P-trend < 0.05) and total AR and C17:0/C21:0 in plasma were inversely associated with the endostatin concentration (P-trend < 0.05) adjusted for BMI, age, and sex. CONCLUSION The results give limited support to the hypothesis that a high WG wheat and rye intake is associated with lower concentrations of common biomarkers of inflammation and CVD that have previously been reported inversely associated with WG intake or an overall healthy lifestyle.
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Jayawardene S, Huang NK, Dolnikowski GG, Galluccio J, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR. Simplified method for the measurement of plasma alkylresorcinols: Biomarkers of whole-grain intake. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8805. [PMID: 32297383 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Consumption of whole grains is negatively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but quantification of whole-grain intake is challenging. Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are biomarkers of whole-grain intake. Current methods for AR quantification involve a time-consuming multi-step separation process that hampers applicability in large-scale studies. METHODS We developed a streamlined method to quantify ARs in human plasma based on protein precipitation and direct injection into an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer operating in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization negative ion mode. RESULTS Separation of five major ARs was achieved, with linearity in the 5 to 550 nmol/L range and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 nmol/L and quantification (LOQ) of 5 nmol/L. The within-run and between-run precision and accuracy were below 15%, and recoveries above 90%. Once validated, the method was applied to measure concentrations of plasma ARs in subjects who participated in a randomized, crossover trial evaluating the effect of carbohydrate type on CVD risk factors. The unrefined carbohydrate diet with the highest fiber content resulted in the highest plasma AR concentration (93 ± 78 nmol/L), and was significantly different (p <0.01) from lower fiber diets (18 ± 26 nmol/L and 19 ± 26 nmol/L, simple and unrefined carbohydrate, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This method offers a simplified approach to measure concentrations of plasma ARs as an objective biomarker of whole-grain intake that can be applied to large-scale cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Jayawardene
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Neil K Huang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Gregory G Dolnikowski
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jean Galluccio
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Fang Z, Gong J, Jing X, Wang T, Ye J, Chu Q, Huang D. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 reinforced hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction of free urinary biomarkers of whole grain intake followed by CE analysis. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2889-2896. [PMID: 32363807 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The whole grain intake is closely associated with human health. In this work, three-phase dynamic hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction reinforced with 0.10 mg/mL 30 nm zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles was introduced for purification and enrichment of free urinary metabolite biomarkers of whole grain intake. Eight milliliters of HCl (pH 3.00) and 8 μL of 300 mM NaOH solutions were used as the donor and acceptor phases, respectively. The temperature and stirring rate were kept at 25℃ and 500 rpm, and the extraction time was 40 min. The extraction process required no further desorption, and the resultant extract was directly used for electrophoretic analysis without derivatization. Based on the synergistic effect of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction and the electrophoretic stacking, the enrichment factors of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propionic acid reached 1018-1034 times, and their limits of detection achieved 0.33-0.67 ng/mL (S/N = 3) in urine matrix. The developed method has been successfully used for urine analysis, and the sample recovery data were in the range of 97.0-103.5%. This developed method provided an attractive alternative for the determination of urinary metabolite biomarkers of whole grain intake due to its sensitive, fast, low-cost, and environmental-friendly features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Fang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Gong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jing
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiannong Ye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qingcui Chu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Landberg R, Hanhineva K, Tuohy K, Garcia-Aloy M, Biskup I, Llorach R, Yin X, Brennan L, Kolehmainen M. Biomarkers of cereal food intake. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:28. [PMID: 31632507 PMCID: PMC6790055 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background/objectives Cereal foods are major contributors to the daily energy, protein, and dietary fiber intake all over the world. The role of cereals in human health is dependent on whether they are consumed as refined or whole grain and on cereal species. To unravel the underlying mechanisms of health effects attributed to specific cereal foods and to provide more precise dietary advice, there is a need for improved dietary assessment of whole-grain intake. Dietary biomarkers of specific cereals, different fractions or cereal-containing foods could offer such a possibility. The aim of this review was to summarize the current status on biomarkers of different cereals, fractions, and specific cereal foods. Subjects and methods A literature review was conducted and putative biomarkers of different cereals and pseudo-cereals (wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice, and quinoa) as well as for different grain fractions (whole grain, refined grain, bran) and foods were summarized and discussed. Results Several putative biomarkers have been suggested for different cereals, due to their unique presence in these grains. Among the biomarkers, odd-numbered alkylresorcinols are the most well-studied and -evaluated biomarkers and reflect whole-grain wheat and rye intake. Even-numbered alkylresorcinols have been suggested to reflect quinoa intake. Recent studies have also highlighted the potential of avenanthramides and avenacosides as specific biomarkers of oat intake, and a set of biomarkers have been suggested to reflect rice bran intake. However, there are yet no specific biomarkers of refined grains. Most biomarker candidates remain to be evaluated in controlled interventions and free-living populations before applied as biomarkers of intake in food and health studies. Conclusion Several putative biomarkers of different cereals have been suggested and should be validated in human studies using recently developed food intake biomarker validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- 1Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- 2Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- 3Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- 4Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Izabela Biskup
- 1Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rafael Llorach
- 4Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- 2Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Lindroos AK, Petrelius Sipinen J, Axelsson C, Nyberg G, Landberg R, Leanderson P, Arnemo M, Warensjö Lemming E. Use of a Web-Based Dietary Assessment Tool (RiksmatenFlex) in Swedish Adolescents: Comparison and Validation Study. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e12572. [PMID: 31588902 PMCID: PMC6914230 DOI: 10.2196/12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A Web-based dietary assessment tool—RiksmatenFlex—was developed for the national dietary survey of adolescents in Sweden. Objective This study aimed to describe the Web-based method RiksmatenFlex and to test the validity of the reported dietary intake by comparing dietary intake with 24-hour dietary recalls (recall interviews), estimated energy expenditure, and biomarkers. Methods Adolescents aged 11-12, 14-15, and 17-18 years were recruited through schools. In total, 78 students had complete dietary information and were included in the study. Diet was reported a few weeks apart with either RiksmatenFlexDiet (the day before and a random later day) or recall interviews (face-to-face, a random day later by phone) in a cross-over, randomized design. At a school visit, weight and height were measured and blood samples were drawn for biomarker analyses. Students wore an accelerometer for 7 days for physical activity measurements. Dietary intake captured by both dietary methods was compared, and energy intake captured by both methods was compared with the accelerometer-estimated energy expenditure (EEest). Intake of whole grain wheat and rye and fruit and vegetables by both methods was compared with alkylresorcinol and carotenoid concentrations in plasma, respectively. Results The mean of the reported energy intake was 8.92 (SD 2.77) MJ by RiksmatenFlexDiet and 8.04 (SD 2.67) MJ by the recall interviews (P=.01). Intake of fruit and vegetables was 224 (169) g and 227 (150) g, and whole grain wheat and rye intake was 12.4 (SD 13.2) g and 12.0 (SD 13.1) g, respectively; the intakes of fruit and vegetables as well as whole grain wheat and rye did not differ between methods. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.57 for protein and carbohydrates to 0.23 for vegetables. Energy intake by RiksmatenFlexDiet was overreported by 8% (P=.03) but not by the recall interviews (P=.53) compared with EEest. The Spearman correlation coefficient between reported energy intake and EEest was 0.34 (P=.008) for RiksmatenFlexDiet and 0.16 (P=.21) for the recall interviews. Spearman correlation coefficient between whole grain wheat and rye and plasma total alkylresorcinol homologs was 0.36 (P=.002) for RiksmatenFlexDiet and 0.29 (P=.02) for the recall interviews. Spearman correlations between intake of fruit and vegetables and plasma carotenoids were weak for both dietary tools. The strongest correlations were observed between fruit and vegetable intake and lutein/zeaxanthin for RiksmatenFlexDiet (0.46; P<.001) and for recall interviews (0.28; P=.02). Conclusions RiksmatenFlexDiet provides information on energy, fruit, vegetables, and whole grain wheat and rye intake, which is comparable with intake obtained from recall interviews in Swedish adolescents. The results are promising for cost-effective dietary data collection in upcoming national dietary surveys and other studies in Sweden. Future research should focus on how, and if, new technological solutions could reduce dietary reporting biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karin Lindroos
- Swedish National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Gisela Nyberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Leanderson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Guo YZ, Yang XM, Li YY. Effect of Alkylresorcinols on Autophagy, Migration, and Invasion of HepG2 Cells. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3063-3068. [PMID: 31524953 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols are phenolic lipids that mainly exist in the cortex of grains, and they exhibit anticancer activity against various cancer cells in vitro. However, the underlying action mechanisms are still unclear. In our study, the influence of alkylresorcinols C19:0 and C21:0 (ARs) upon migration, invasion, and autophagy in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells was evaluated. Results showed that ARs at 80 and 160 µg/mL significantly suppressed cells proliferation, migration, and invasion, downregulated the expression of proteins RhoA and MMP-7 associated with migration and invasion. ARs at 160 µg/mL, the rate of LC3 puncta was appreciably increased. After autophagy was blocked by 3-MA or CQ, the expression of LC3II was significantly increased in 3-MA+ARs group and p62 was significantly decreased in CQ+ARs group. The results indicate that ARs may promote autophagic flow. ARs (80, 160 µg/mL) significantly inhibited the expression of proteins p-mTOR, p-PI3K, and p-Akt related to the PI3K/Akt pathway. The results of the present study suggest that ARs can activate autophagy and suppresses the biological behaviors of HepG2 cells by inhibiting the activation of MMP-7, Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase, and activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The anticancer mechanism of ARs in wheat bran was studied, which provided a basis for the development of anticancer functional auxiliary food with wheat bran as raw material. It is of great practical significance to promote the effective utilization of grain processing by-products and improve the economic benefits of the grain industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhou Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Univ., Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Univ., Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yue-Ying Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu Univ., Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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14
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Rakvaag E, Fuglsang-Nielsen R, Bach Knudsen KE, Landberg R, Johannesson Hjelholt A, Søndergaard E, Hermansen K, Gregersen S. Whey Protein Combined with Low Dietary Fiber Improves Lipid Profile in Subjects with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092091. [PMID: 31487806 PMCID: PMC6770182 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is associated with elevated postprandial triglycerides (TG), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies show that whey protein (WP) and dietary fiber may separately reduce postprandial TG. However, few studies have investigated the long-term effects of WP and dietary fiber on postprandial TG. We aimed to investigate the separate and combined long-term effects of WP and dietary fiber from wheat bran on postprandial TG and markers of lipid metabolism in subjects with abdominal obesity. We conducted a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel intervention study. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, 73 adults were randomized to receive 60 g/day of either WP hydrolysate or maltodextrin (MD) combined with high-fiber wheat bran products (HiFi; 30 g dietary fiber/day) or low-fiber refined wheat products (LoFi; 10 g dietary fiber/day). A high-fat meal test was conducted before and after the intervention. Sixty-five subjects were included in the final analyses. There were no differences between intervention groups in postprandial TG assessed as incremental area under the curve (iAUC). WP-LoFi had reduced postprandial TG assessed as total area under the curve (tAUC) and reduced fasting TG compared with all other groups, and reduced fasting apolipoprotein B-48 compared with MD-LoFi. There were no changes in lipoprotein lipase activity. Total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B-100 were reduced after WP intake compared with MD. Total cholesterol was increased after HiFi intake compared with LoFi. In conclusion, intake of WP in combination with low-fiber cereal products for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on postprandial TG tAUC and fasting TG, but not on postprandial TG iAUC in subjects with abdominal obesity. Combining WP with high-fiber wheat bran products did not improve lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Rakvaag
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Fuglsang-Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Esben Søndergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Long-Term Whole Grain Wheat and Rye Intake Reflected by Adipose Tissue Alkylresorcinols and Breast Cancer: A Case-Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020465. [PMID: 30813337 PMCID: PMC6412439 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole grain rye (WGR) and whole grain wheat (WGW) have been suggested to protect against the development of breast cancer. In this study, we estimated long-term intake of WGR and WGW, using both a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and alkylresorcinol concentrations in adipose tissue biopsies, in relation to the risk of developing invasive breast cancer in a case-cohort study (n = 414 in the case group, n = 933 in the subcohort group) on the Danish “Diet, Cancer and Health” cohort. The median follow-up time of the subcohort was 5.3 years. Total WGR and WGW intake estimated with FFQ or reflected by total alkylresorcinol concentration in adipose tissue was not significantly associated with risk of breast cancer. However, after adjustment for total WGR and WGW intake, women in the highest quartile of relative WGR intake, reflected by the alkylresorcinol C17:0/C21:0 ratio, had a higher risk of overall breast cancer and estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer than women in the lowest quartile of relative WGR intake, while the risk of estrogen-receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer incidence was unaffected. Similar results were obtained with the FFQ data. Based on these data, further investigation of the role of specific grain types in reducing or increasing breast cancer risk, and their overall impact on health, is warranted.
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16
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Yan H, Sun L, Huang J, Qiu Y, Xu F, Yan R, Zhu D, Wang W, Zhan J. Identification and heterologous reconstitution of a 5-alk(en)ylresorcinol synthase from endophytic fungus Shiraia sp. Slf14. J Microbiol 2018; 56:805-812. [PMID: 30353466 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A new type III polyketide synthase gene (Ssars) was discovered from the genome of Shiraia sp. Slf14, an endophytic fungal strain from Huperzia serrata. The intron-free gene was cloned from the cDNA and ligated to two expression vectors pET28a and YEpADH2p-URA3 for expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ5464, respectively. SsARS was efficiently expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), leading to the synthesis of a series of polyketide products. Six major products were isolated from the engineered E. coli and characterized as 1,3-dihydroxyphenyl-5-undecane, 1,3-dihydroxyphenyl-5-cis-6'-tridecene,1,3-dihydroxyphenyl-5-tridecane, 1,3-dihydroxyphenyl-5-cis-8'-pentadecene, 1,3-dihydroxyphenyl-5-pentadecane, and 1,3-dihydroxyphenyl-5-cis-10'-heptadecene, respectively, based on the spectral data and biosynthetic origin. Expression of SsARS in the yeast also led to the synthesis of the same polyketide products, indicating that this enzyme can be reconstituted in both heterologous hosts. Supplementation of soybean oil into the culture of E. coli BL21(DE3)/SsARS increased the production titers of 1-6 and led to the synthesis of an additional product, which was identified as 5-(8'Z,11'Z-heptadecadienyl) resorcinol. This work thus allowed the identification of SsARS as a 5-alk(en)ylresorcinol synthase with flexible substrate specificity toward endogenous and exogenous fatty acids. Desired resorcinol derivatives may be synthesized by supplying corresponding fatty acids into the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Yan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322 4105, USA.,The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322 4105, USA
| | - Jinge Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322 4105, USA
| | - Yixing Qiu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322 4105, USA.,TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, 410208, P. R. China
| | - Fuchao Xu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322 4105, USA
| | - Riming Yan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322 4105, USA.,Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Jiangxi, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Jiangxi, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, 410208, P. R. China.
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322 4105, USA. .,TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, 410208, P. R. China.
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17
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Evaluation of alkylresorcinols in adipose tissue biopsies as a long-term biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake in free-living Swedish men and women. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1933-1942. [PMID: 29547368 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wheat and rye, the most consumed whole grains (WG) in the Nordic countries, contain alkylresorcinols (AR) in their bran. AR concentrations in human adipose tissue might reflect long-term WG rye and wheat intake. We aimed to evaluate AR concentrations in adipose tissue biopsies as a long-term biomarker of WG wheat and rye intake in free-living Swedish men and women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. AR concentrations in adipose tissue biopsies were analysed and compared with long-term WG intake assessed by three FFQ (repeated over a period of 14 years in men, 17 years in women) and with plasma AR concentrations. SETTING The Cohort of Swedish Men between 1997 and 2010 and the Swedish Mammography Cohort between 1987 and 2003, Sweden. SUBJECTS Men (n 149) and women (n 109). RESULTS Long-term WG rye intake estimated with repeated FFQ correlated (r=0·31-0·41, P<0·01) with adipose-tissue AR concentrations, while WG wheat intake correlated only weakly (r=0·17-0·33, P<0·05). Total AR concentration in adipose tissue was 61 % lower in women than in men at similar energy-adjusted WG wheat and rye intakes, but plasma concentrations were similar. AR concentrations in adipose tissue correlated well with plasma concentrations (r=0·49-0·81, P<0·001). CONCLUSIONS AR in adipose tissue reflected long-term WG rye but not WG wheat intake, probably due to poor precision in estimating WG wheat intake by FFQ. AR in adipose tissue appears promising as a biomarker of long-term WG rye intake but should be adjusted for sex.
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18
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Landberg R, Wierzbicka R, Shi L, Nybacka S, Kamal-Eldin A, Hedblad B, Lindroos AK, Winkvist A, Forslund HB. New alkylresorcinol metabolites in spot urine as biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake in a Swedish middle-aged population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1439-1446. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-017-0079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Vuholm S, Nielsen DS, Iversen KN, Suhr J, Westermann P, Krych L, Andersen JR, Kristensen M. Whole-Grain Rye and Wheat Affect Some Markers of Gut Health without Altering the Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Overweight Adults: A 6-Week Randomized Trial. J Nutr 2017; 147:2067-2075. [PMID: 28954842 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.250647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whole grains have shown potential for improving gut health, but evidence comparing different whole-grain types is lacking.Objective: We investigated whether whole-grain wheat (WGW) and whole-grain rye (WGR) improve gut health in different ways compared to refined wheat (RW), with the primary outcomes of microbiota composition and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.Methods: In a randomized parallel trial, 70 healthy adults (in means ± SDs; aged 51.0 ± 9.4 y, body mass index [BMI (in kg/m2)] 27.8 ± 1.9, 32:38 men:women) replaced cereal foods from their habitual diet with WGR, WGW, or RW (control). Before and after a 6-wk intervention, a spot stool sample was collected and analyzed for short-chain fatty acids and microbiota composition through the use of 16S ribosomal RNA gene-targeted high-throughput amplicon sequencing. GI symptoms and stool regularity were evaluated by questionnaires at baseline and after weeks 2, 4, and 6.Results: Intakes of whole grains were 145.2 ± 75.9, 124.2 ± 57.3, and 5.4 ± 3.2 g/d in the WGW, WGR, and RW groups, respectively. Gut microbiota composition was not affected by diet. The relative change in fecal butyrate decreased in the RW (-38%) group compared to the WGW (25%, P = 0.014) and WGR groups (-1%, P = 0.037). Other short-chain fatty acids were unaffected. Flatulence was more frequent following intake of WGW (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.17) and WGR (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.35, 5.22) compared to RW, whereas bloating was less frequent following WGW (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.80) and WGR (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.72). Stool frequency increased following WGR but not WGW, compared to RW in weeks 2 (0.4 defecations/d, P = 0.049) and 4 (0.5 defecations/d, P = 0.043), but not in week 6. The WGW and WGR groups did not differ from each other in any of the variables tested.Conclusion: Regular consumption of WGR and WGW affected fecal butyrate concentration and gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy overweight adults, supporting the hypothesis that WGR and WGW can be included in the diet equally to maintain gut health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02358122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Vuholm
- Departments of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, and
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | | | - Julie Suhr
- Departments of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, and
| | - Peter Westermann
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
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20
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Wierzbicka R, Zamaratskaia G, Kamal-Eldin A, Landberg R. Novel urinary alkylresorcinol metabolites as biomarkers of whole grain intake in free-living Swedish adults. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28444884 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Most studies on the role of whole grain for health rely on self-reported intake data, which are prone to measurement errors. There is a need for dietary biomarkers that can provide an objective measure of intake. Alkylresorcinols (AR) and their main metabolites 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (DHPPA) have been proposed as biomarkers for whole grain (WG) wheat and rye intake. METHODS AND RESULTS The medium-term reproducibility and relative validity of four putative urinary AR metabolites (3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA), 5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid (DHPPTA), 2-(3,5-dihydroxybenzamido)acetic acid (DHBA-glycine) and 3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid amide (DHCA-amide)) as biomarkers for WG intake were investigated. Three-day weighed food records and 24-h urine samples from two occasions 2-3 months apart were obtained from 69 Swedish adults. WG intake was calculated and urinary AR metabolites were analyzed. The medium-term reproducibility determined for DHCA, DHPPTA, and DHBA-glycine varied from moderate-to-excellent (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.63-0.85). Moreover, DHCA and DHPPTA excretion correlated well with self-reported total WG intake (r = 0.55, p < 0.001 and r = 0.42, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION DHCA or DHPPTA excretion in 24-h urine might be a suitable medium- to long-term biomarker of WG wheat and rye intake. These findings need to be confirmed in populations with low and infrequent WG intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Wierzbicka
- Department of Molecular Sciences, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden.,Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Indolepropionic acid and novel lipid metabolites are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46337. [PMID: 28397877 PMCID: PMC5387722 DOI: 10.1038/srep46337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wide-scale profiling technologies including metabolomics broaden the possibility of novel discoveries related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). By applying non-targeted metabolomics approach, we investigated here whether serum metabolite profile predicts T2D in a well-characterized study population with impaired glucose tolerance by examining two groups of individuals who took part in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS); those who either early developed T2D (n = 96) or did not convert to T2D within the 15-year follow-up (n = 104). Several novel metabolites were associated with lower likelihood of developing T2D, including indole and lipid related metabolites. Higher indolepropionic acid was associated with reduced likelihood of T2D in the DPS. Interestingly, in those who remained free of T2D, indolepropionic acid and various lipid species were associated with better insulin secretion and sensitivity, respectively. Furthermore, these metabolites were negatively correlated with low-grade inflammation. We replicated the association between indolepropionic acid and T2D risk in one Finnish and one Swedish population. We suggest that indolepropionic acid, a gut microbiota-produced metabolite, is a potential biomarker for the development of T2D that may mediate its protective effect by preservation of β-cell function. Novel lipid metabolites associated with T2D may exert their effects partly through enhancing insulin sensitivity.
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22
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Suhr J, Vuholm S, Iversen KN, Landberg R, Kristensen M. Wholegrain rye, but not wholegrain wheat, lowers body weight and fat mass compared with refined wheat: a 6-week randomized study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:959-967. [PMID: 28327566 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest inverse associations between wholegrain intake and body weight gain. Only few controlled intervention studies have supported this association and few compare effects of different grain varieties. OBJECTIVE To investigate how wholegrain wheat (WGW) and rye compared with refined wheat (RW) affect body weight and composition and appetite sensation. DESIGN Seventy overweight/obese adults participated in this 6-week randomized parallel study, in which they replaced their habitual cereal foods with RW, WGW or wholegrain rye (WGR). Further, a 4 h postprandial test meal challenge was completed with meals corresponding to diet allocation in the beginning and after the intervention. Body weight and composition, fasted blood samples, compliance and 4-day dietary intake were obtained before and after the intervention period. Appetite and breath hydrogen excretion was assessed during the postprandial test meal challenge. RESULTS Diet allocation affected body weight significantly (P=0.013) and tended also to affect fat mass (P=0.065). Both body weight and fat mass decreased more in the WGR group (-1.06±1.60 and -0.75±1.29 kg, respectively) compared with the RW group (+0.15±1.28 and -0.04±0.82 kg, respectively; P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Further, the decrease in fat mass in the WGR group tended to exceed that in the WGW group (P=0.07). Overall, no effect of diet on appetite sensation was observed; however, energy intake from study products was ~200 kcal lower in the WGR group when compared with that in the RW group (P<0.05), although total energy intake did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a role for WGR foods in body weight regulation, when provided ad libitum. The effect may be mediated by satiation reflected in a reduction in energy intake, mainly from the wholegrain products without compensation in other parts of the diets, despite no difference in appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suhr
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Vuholm
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K N Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Landberg
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Denmark.,Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Biskup I, Kyrø C, Marklund M, Olsen A, van Dam RM, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Lindahl B, Johansson I, Landberg R. Plasma alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and risk of type 2 diabetes in Scandinavian men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:88-96. [PMID: 27281306 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.133496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies that use dietary biomarkers to investigate the association between whole-grain intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) are lacking. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between plasma total alkylresorcinols and the alkylresorcinol C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake and relative whole-grain rye over whole-grain wheat intake, respectively, and the risk of T2D among Scandinavian men and women. DESIGN A nested case-control study was established within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Alkylresorcinol concentrations and the ratios of C17:0 to C21:0 were determined in plasma samples from 931 case-control pairs. ORs for T2D were calculated for plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration or C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio in quartiles with the use of conditional logistic regression that was adjusted for potential confounders. Additional analyses with whole-grain wheat and rye intake estimated from food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) as exposures were also performed. RESULTS The plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration was not associated with T2D risk (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.88) for the highest compared with the lowest quartiles in multivariable adjusted models. However, the C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio was associated with a lower diabetes risk (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.78). Analyses with whole-grain intake estimated from FFQs yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Total whole-grain wheat and rye intake, reflected by alkylresorcinols in plasma, was not associated with a lower risk of T2D in a population with high whole-grain intake. In contrast, the proportion of whole-grain rye to whole-grain wheat intake, indicated by the plasma C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio, was inversely associated with T2D. This suggests that whole-grain intake dominated by rye may be favorable for T2D prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Biskup
- Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacognosy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bernt Lindahl
- Departments of Public Health and Clinical Medicine and
| | | | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Biltoft-Jensen A, Damsgaard CT, Andersen EW, Ygil KH, Andersen R, Ege M, Christensen T, Thorsen AV, Tetens I, Wu H, Landberg R. Validation of Reported Whole-Grain Intake from a Web-Based Dietary Record against Plasma Alkylresorcinol Concentrations in 8- to 11-Year-Olds Participating in a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2016; 146:377-83. [PMID: 26764319 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.222620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-grain (WG) intake is important for human health, but accurate intake estimation is challenging. Use of a biomarker for WG intake provides a possible way to validate dietary assessment methods. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to validate WG intake from 2 diets reported by children, using plasma alkylresorcinol (AR) concentrations, and to investigate the 3-mo reproducibility of AR concentrations and reported WG intake. METHODS AR concentrations were analyzed in fasting blood plasma samples, and WG intake was estimated in a 7-d web-based diary by 750 participants aged 8-11 y in a 2 school meal × 3 mo crossover trial. Reported WG intake and plasma AR concentrations were compared when children ate their usual bread-based lunch (UBL) and when served a hot lunch meal (HLM). Correlations and cross-classification were used to rank subjects according to intake. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between subjects' measurements at baseline and after the UBL were used to assess reproducibility. RESULTS Correlations between reported WG wheat + rye intake and plasma AR were 0.40 and 0.37 (P < 0.001) for the UBL and the HLM diets, and 78% and 77% were classified in the same or adjacent quartiles for the UBL and HLM diets, respectively. The ICC over 3 mo was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.55) for plasma total ARs and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.70) for reported WG intake. Correlations were higher when using the AR C17:0 homolog as a biomarker, reflecting rye intake instead of plasma total ARs [UBL: r = 0.47; HLM: r = 0.43, P < 0.001; ICC = 0.51 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.59)]. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported WG wheat + rye intake among children showed moderate correlations with plasma AR concentrations. Substantial intraindividual variation was found in WG intake and plasma AR concentrations. The AR homolog C17:0 may be used as a biomarker for WG intake when the WG intake primarily comes from rye as in the present study. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01457794.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Biltoft-Jensen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark;
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth W Andersen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karin H Ygil
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Rikke Andersen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Majken Ege
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Tue Christensen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Anne-Vibeke Thorsen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Inge Tetens
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Huaxing Wu
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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