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Robin J, Lefeuvre S, Guihenneuc J, Cambien G, Dupuis A, Venisse N. Analytical methods and biomonitoring results in hair for the assessment of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals: A literature review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141523. [PMID: 38417485 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are compounds that alter functions of the endocrine system due to their ability to mimic or antagonize endogenous hormones, or that alter their synthesis and metabolism, causing adverse health effects. Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a reliable method to assess human exposure to chemicals through measurement in human body fluids and tissues. It identifies new sources of exposure and determines their distribution, thereby enabling detection of the most exposed populations. Blood and urine are commonly used for HBM of EDC, but their interest is limited for compounds presenting short half-lives. Hair appears as an interesting alternative insofar as it provides a large exposure window. For the present study, we evaluated the relevance of hair in determining EDC exposure. With this in mind, we undertook a literature review focusing on the bioanalytical aspects and performances of methods developed to determine EDC in hair. The literature review was performed through methodical bibliographical research. Relevant articles were identified using two scientific databases: PubMed and Web of Science, with search equations built from a combination of keywords, MeSH terms and Boolean operators. The search strategy identified 2949 articles. After duplicates were removed, and following title, abstract, and full-text screenings, only 31 were included for qualitative synthesis. Hair collection was mainly performed in the back of the head and preparation involved two processes: cutting into small pieces or grounding to powder. The off-line LC-MS/MS method remains the main technique used to assess EDC through hair. Differences regarding the validation of analytical methods and interpretation of HBM results were highlighted, suggesting a need for international harmonisation to obtain reliable and comparable results. External contamination of hair was identified as a main limitation in the interpretation of results, highlighting the need to better understand EDC transfers through hair and to develop relevant hair decontamination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Robin
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Laboratoire EBI, Équipe IHES, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, CIC-Inserm, Axe EATHER, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Sandrine Lefeuvre
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Laboratoire EBI, Équipe IHES, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, CIC-Inserm, Axe EATHER, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Jérémy Guihenneuc
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Laboratoire EBI, Équipe IHES, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, CIC-Inserm, Axe EATHER, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Guillaume Cambien
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Laboratoire EBI, Équipe IHES, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, CIC-Inserm, Axe EATHER, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Antoine Dupuis
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Laboratoire EBI, Équipe IHES, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, CIC-Inserm, Axe EATHER, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Venisse
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Laboratoire EBI, Équipe IHES, F-86000 Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, CIC-Inserm, Axe EATHER, F-86000 Poitiers, France.
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Gonkowski S, Tzatzarakis M, Vakonaki E, Meschini E, Rytel L. Exposure assessment to bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) in wild boars by hair analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167076. [PMID: 37714361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols are widely used in various branches of industry for the production of plastics. They penetrate to the natural environment and thus living organisms. As endocrine disruptors, bisphenols have adverse effects on various internal organs and systems. Contrary to humans, the knowledge of the exposure of wild terrestrial mammals to bisphenols is extremely limited. Therefore, this study for the first time assessed the exposure level of wild boars to three bisphenols commonly used in industry (i.e. bisphenol A - BPA, bisphenol S - BPS and bisphenol F - BPF) using hair sample analysis in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The presence of BPA and/or BPS has been noted in the samples collected from >80 % of animals included in the study (n = 54), while the presence of BPF was not found in any sample. At least one of the bisphenols was present in every sample tested. Mean concentrations of BPA and BPS in the hair of wild boars were 151.40 ± 135.10 pg/mg dry weight (dw.) and 29.40 ± 36.97 pg./mg dw, respectively. Concentrations of BPA and BPS in females were statistically higher than in males (p < 0.05). Moreover, statistically significantly higher concentration levels of BPA (and not BPS) in the areas with higher degree of industrialization and higher human population density were also found. This is the first study concerning the use of hair samples to assess the exposure of wild terrestrial mammals to bisphenols. The obtained results show that an analysis of the hair may be a useful tool of biomonitoring bisphenols in wild animals. The presence of BPA and BPS in wild boar hair in relatively high concentration also suggests that these substances may have an influence on the health status not only in humans and aquatic animals, but also in wild terrestrial mammals. However, many aspects connected with this issue are not clear and require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Meschini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Liliana Rytel
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Str. 14, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Vitku J, Horackova L, Kolatorova L, Duskova M, Skodova T, Simkova M. Derivatized versus non-derivatized LC-MS/MS techniques for the analysis of estrogens and estrogen-like endocrine disruptors in human plasma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115083. [PMID: 37269613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols, parabens, alkylphenols and triclosan are anthropogenic substances with a phenolic group that have been introduced to the environment in recent decades. As they possess hormone-like effects, they have been termed endocrine disruptors (EDs), and can interfere with steroid pathways in organisms. To evaluate the potential impact of EDs on steroid biosynthesis and metabolism, sensitive and robust methods enabling the concurrent measurement of EDs and steroids in plasma are needed. Of crucial importance is the analysis of unconjugated EDs, which possess biological activity. The aim of the study was to develop and validate LC-MS/MS methods with and without a derivatization step for the analysis of unconjugated steroids (estrone-E1, estradiol-E2, estriol-E3, aldosterone-ALDO) and different groups of EDs (bisphenols, parabens, nonylphenol-NP and triclosan-TCS), and compare these methods on a set of 24 human plasma samples using Passing-Bablok regression analysis. Both methods were validated according to FDA and EMA guidelines. The method with dansyl chloride derivatization allowed 17 compounds to be measured: estrogens (E1, E2, E3), bisphenols (bisphenol A-BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, BPAP, BPZ, BPP), parabens (methylparaben-MP, ethylparaben-EP, propylparaben-PP, butylparaben-BP, benzylparaben-BenzylP), TCS and NP, with lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) between 4 and 125 pg/mL. The method without derivatization enabled 15 compounds to be analyzed: estrogens (E1, E2, E3), ALDO, bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, BPAP, BPZ), parabens (MP, EP, PP, BP, BenzylP) with LLOQs between 2 and 63 pg/mL, and NP and BPP in semiquantitative mode. Adding 6 mM ammonium fluoride post column into mobile phases in the method without derivatization achieved similar or even better LLOQs than the method with the derivatization step. The uniqueness of the methods lies in the simultaneous determination of different classes of unconjugated (bioactive) fraction of EDs together with selected steroids (estrogens + ALDO in the method without derivatization), which provides a useful tool for evaluating the relationships between EDs and steroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vitku
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - L Horackova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Natural Compounds, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Kolatorova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Duskova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Skodova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Simkova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Natural Compounds, Prague, Czech Republic
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Talari K, Ganji SK, Tiruveedula RR. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of bisphenol residues by dispersive solid phase extraction followed by activated carbon spheres cleanup from fish feed samples. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2023:14690667231174446. [PMID: 37186780 DOI: 10.1177/14690667231174446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols are known endocrine disruptors commonly utilized in food packaging and storage materials, which frequently come into touch with multiple food products packed in them. The bisphenols in fish feed and other feed materials for aquatic organisms are harmful. The consumption of such marine foods is hazardous. Hence, the feed of aquatic products needs to be verified for the presence of bisphenols. The present study was focused on developing and validating a rapid, selective, and sensitive method to quantify 11 bisphenols from the fish feed with dispersive solid-phase extraction, which was cleaned by an optimized amount of activated carbon spheres and silylated by N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoro acetamide and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The new method was rigorously tested and verified after carefully tuning various parameters affecting analyte recovery. Limit of detection (LOD) were set at 0.5-5 ng/g and limit of quantification (LOQ) at 1-10 ng/g, respectively, resulting in 95-114% recoveries. Interday and intraday precisions in terms of relative standard deviation were found to be less than 11%. The proposed approach was effectively applied in floating and sinking fish feeds. The obtained results showed that higher concentration of bisphenol A, followed by bisphenol TMC, and bisphenol M at a concentration of 256.10, 159.01, and 168.82 ng/g in floating feed and 88.04, 200.79, and 98.03 ng/g in sinking feed samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Talari
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women (A), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sai Krishna Ganji
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Analytical and Structural Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Robin J, Binson G, Albouy M, Sauvaget A, Pierre-Eugène P, Migeot V, Dupuis A, Venisse N. Analytical method for the biomonitoring of bisphenols and parabens by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in human hair. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113986. [PMID: 36027714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols and parabens are endocrine disruptors families widely used in daily life. They are known to be linked to numerous pathologies such as reproductive disorders, obesity, breast cancer, hypertension and asthma. Biomonitoring is an essential tool for assessing population exposure to environmental pollutants. Blood and urine are the main matrices used in human biomonitoring. However, they are not suitable to evaluate long-term exposure to endocrine disruptors with a short elimination half-life such as parabens or phenols. Hair appears to be an interesting alternative matrix allowing a wide window of exposure due to an accumulation of xenobiotics during hair growth. This study presents the development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A, its chlorinated derivatives, bisphenol F, bisphenol S and parabens in human hair. An optimised sample preparation based on acidic hydrolysis followed by liquid-liquid extraction was performed, before an analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. To validate the method, recognized bioanalytical guidelines were used and calibration and quality control samples were prepared in human hair samples. Linearities were over 0.996 in the whole range of concentrations. Trueness and precision were demonstrated for each target analyte with intra-day and inter-day bias values ranging from 86 % to 118 % and relative standard deviation values ranging from 0 % to 19 %. At the same time, limits of quantification were set at 0.25 ng/g for bisphenol A and parabens, 0.05 ng/g for bisphenols F and S and 0.00625 ng/g for the chlorinated derivatives of bisphenol A. This reliable method was applied to hair samples taken from hospital professionals and allowed the quantification of these endocrine disruptors in this population. Chlorinated derivatives of bisphenol A were quantified here in hair for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Robin
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, INSERM CIC 1402, F-86000, Poitiers, France; Pôle Biologie - Pharmacie, Santé Publique, CHU de Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Binson
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, INSERM CIC 1402, F-86000, Poitiers, France; Pôle Biologie - Pharmacie, Santé Publique, CHU de Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Marion Albouy
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, INSERM CIC 1402, F-86000, Poitiers, France; Pôle Biologie - Pharmacie, Santé Publique, CHU de Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Alexis Sauvaget
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, INSERM CIC 1402, F-86000, Poitiers, France; Pôle Biologie - Pharmacie, Santé Publique, CHU de Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Pierre-Eugène
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, INSERM CIC 1402, F-86000, Poitiers, France; Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Virginie Migeot
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, INSERM CIC 1402, F-86000, Poitiers, France; Pôle Biologie - Pharmacie, Santé Publique, CHU de Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Dupuis
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, INSERM CIC 1402, F-86000, Poitiers, France; Pôle Biologie - Pharmacie, Santé Publique, CHU de Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Venisse
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, INSERM CIC 1402, F-86000, Poitiers, France; Pôle Biologie - Pharmacie, Santé Publique, CHU de Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France.
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Metcalfe CD, Bayen S, Desrosiers M, Muñoz G, Sauvé S, Yargeau V. An introduction to the sources, fate, occurrence and effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals released into the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112658. [PMID: 34990614 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many classes of compounds are known or suspected to disrupt the endocrine system of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. This review of the sources and fate of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment includes classes of compounds that are "legacy" contaminants, as well as contaminants of emerging concern. EDCs included for discussion are organochlorine compounds, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, brominated flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, alkylphenols, phthalates, bisphenol A and analogues, pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse and steroid hormones, personal care products, and organotins. An exhaustive survey of the fate of these contaminants in all environmental media (e.g., air, water, soil, biota, foods and beverages) is beyond the scope of this review, so the priority is to highlight the fate of EDCs in environmental media for which there is a clear link between exposure and endocrine effects in humans or in biota from other taxa. Where appropriate, linkages are also made between the fate of EDCs and regulatory limits such as environmental quality guidelines for water and sediments and total daily intake values for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Bayen
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Desrosiers
- Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques du Québec. Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - G Muñoz
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Sauvé
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - V Yargeau
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Metcalfe CD, Bayen S, Desrosiers M, Muñoz G, Sauvé S, Yargeau V. Methods for the analysis of endocrine disrupting chemicals in selected environmental matrixes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112616. [PMID: 34953884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are heterogenous in structure, chemical and physical properties, and their capacity to partition into various environmental matrixes. In many cases, these chemicals can disrupt the endocrine systems of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms when present at very low concentrations. Therefore, sensitive and varied analytical methods are required to detect these compounds in the environment. This review summarizes the analytical methods and instruments that are most used to monitor for EDCs in selected environmental matrixes. Only those matrixes for which there is a clear link between exposures and endocrine effects are included in this review. Also discussed are emerging methods for sample preparation and advanced analytical instruments that provide greater selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Bayen
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Desrosiers
- Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte Contre les Changements Climatiques du Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - G Muñoz
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Sauvé
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - V Yargeau
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Hair Sample Analysis as a Method of Monitoring Exposure to Bisphenol A in Dogs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084600. [PMID: 35457463 PMCID: PMC9030106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic substance widely used in the plastics industry. It penetrates food and environment and, as an endocrine disruptor, has detrimental effects on human organisms. Pet animals, which live in the immediate vicinity of humans, are also exposed to BPA; however, knowledge regarding the exposure of dogs to this substance is extremely scarce. This is the first study in which hair analysis has been used to biomonitor BPA in 30 dogs using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques. The presence of BPA in concentration levels above the method detection limit (1.25 ng/g) was noted in 93.33% of samples. BPA concentration levels were found to range from 7.05 ng/g to 436 ng/g (mean 81.30 ng/g). Statistically significant differences in BPA concentration levels were found between animals with physiological weight and animals with abnormal weight (skinny and obese). In turn, differences between males and females, as well as between young, middle-aged and old dogs, were not statistically significant. The obtained results have clearly shown that hair analysis is a useful method to evaluate the exposure of dogs to BPA. This study also confirmed that dogs are exposed to BPA to a large extent, and this substance may play a role as a pathological factor in this animal species. However, many aspects connected to the influence of BPA on canine health status are unclear and need further study.
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Wojtkiewicz J, Tzatzarakis M, Vakonaki E, Makowska K, Gonkowski S. Evaluation of human exposure to parabens in north eastern Poland through hair sample analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23673. [PMID: 34880378 PMCID: PMC8654909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parabens (PBs) are a group of substances commonly used in industry. They also pollute the environment, penetrate into living organisms and adversely affect various internal organs. During this study, the degree of exposure of people living in Olsztyn, a city in north eastern Poland, to selected parabens most often used in industry was studied. The chemicals under investigation included: methyl paraben—MePB, ethyl paraben—EtPB, propyl paraben—PrPB, benzyl paraben BePB and butyl paraben -BuPB. To this aim, hair samples collected from the scalps of 30 volunteers were analyzed using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique. All PBs studied were present in a high percentage of analyzed samples (from 76.7% in the case of BePB to 100% in the case of MePB and PrPB). The mean concentration levels were 4425.3 pg/mg for MeBP, 704.0 pg/mg for EtPB, 825.7 pg/mg for PrPB, 135.2 pg/mg for BePB and 154.5 pg/mg for BuPB. Significant differences in PB concentration levels between particular persons were visible. On the other hand, gender, age and artificial hair coloring did not cause statistically significant differences in PB levels. Obtained results have clearly indicated that people living in north eastern Poland are exposed to various PBs, and therefore these substances may affect their health status. However, the evaluation of PBs influence on human health requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Krystyna Makowska
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Slawomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
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Recent advances in analysis of bisphenols and their derivatives in biological matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:807-846. [PMID: 34652496 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomonitoring is a very useful tool to evaluate human exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), like bisphenols (BPs), which are widely used in the manufacture of plastics. The development of reliable analytical methods is key in the field of public health surveillance to obtain biomonitoring data to determine what BPs are reaching people's bodies. This review discusses recent methods for the quantitative measurement of bisphenols and their derivatives in biological samples like urine, blood, breast milk, saliva, and hair, among others. We also discuss the different procedures commonly used for sample treatment, which includes extraction and clean-up, and instrumental techniques currently used to determine these compounds. Sample preparation techniques continue to play an important role in the analysis of complex matrices, for liquid matrices the most commonly employed is solid-phase extraction, although microextraction techniques are gaining importance in this field, and for solid samples ultrasound-assisted extraction. The main instrumental techniques used are liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Finally, we present data on the main parameters obtained in the validation of the revised methods. This review focuses on various methods developed and applied for trace analysis of bisphenols, their conjugates, halogenated derivatives, and diglycidyl ethers in biological samples to enable the required selectivity and sensitivity. For this purpose, a review is carried out of the most recent relevant publications from 2016 up to present.
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Wang R, Dong S, Wang P, Li T, Huang Y, Zhao L, Su X. Development and validation of an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for twelve bisphenol compounds in animal feed. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1178:122613. [PMID: 34153545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol compounds (BPs) are a group of environmental contaminants with endocrine-disrupting effects both for humans and animals. The present work developed a sensitive analytical method for the detection of multiple BPs in the animal feed based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with post-column ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) infusion. A modified QuEChERS method was incorporated into the extraction and purification processes. The limit of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) for the target BPs were in the ranges of 0.02-0.75 μg kg-1 and 0.04-0.95 μg kg-1, respectively. Average recoveries were ranged between 82.6% and 112%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the concentrations of BPs in 20 actual feed samples, and the preliminary profiles of BPs in products from local feed factories were obtained. Each sample was simultaneously contaminated with at least 2 to 4 BPs, and bisphenol A (BPA) was the dominant analog of BPs found in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China.
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12
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Valko-Rokytovská M, Očenáš P, Salayová A, Kostecká Z. Breast Cancer: Targeting of Steroid Hormones in Cancerogenesis and Diagnostics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115878. [PMID: 34070921 PMCID: PMC8199112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women with high mortality. Sensitive and specific methods for the detection, characterization and quantification of endogenous steroids in body fluids or tissues are needed for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer and many other diseases. At present, non-invasive diagnostic methods are gaining more and more prominence, which enable a relatively fast and painless way of detecting many diseases. Metabolomics is a promising analytical method, the principle of which is the study and analysis of metabolites in biological material. It represents a comprehensive non-invasive diagnosis, which has a high potential for use in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers, including breast cancer. This short review focuses on the targeted metabolomics of steroid hormones, which play an important role in the development and classification of breast cancer. The most commonly used diagnostic tool is the chromatographic method with mass spectrometry detection, which can simultaneously determine several steroid hormones and metabolites in one sample. This analytical procedure has a high potential in effective diagnosis of steroidogenesis disorders. Due to the association between steroidogenesis and breast cancer progression, steroid profiling is an important tool, as well as in monitoring disease progression, improving prognosis, and minimizing recurrence.
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13
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Peng FJ, Hardy EM, Béranger R, Mezzache S, Bourokba N, Bastien P, Li J, Zaros C, Chevrier C, Palazzi P, Soeur J, Appenzeller BMR. Human exposure to PCBs, PBDEs and bisphenols revealed by hair analysis: A comparison between two adult female populations in China and France. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115425. [PMID: 32882460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to various anthropogenic chemicals in daily life, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, there are limited data on chronic, low-level exposure to such contaminants among the general population. Here hair analysis was used to investigate the occurrence of four polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and two bisphenols (BPs) in 204 Chinese women living in the urban areas of Baoding and Dalian and 311 pregnant French women. All the PCBs and PBDEs tested here were more frequently detected in the hair samples of the French women than in those of the Chinese women. In both cohorts, PCB 180 and BDE 47 were the dominant PCB and PBDE congener, respectively. PCB 180 was found in 82% of the French women and 44% of the Chinese women, while the corresponding values of BDE 47 were 54% and 11%, respectively. A discriminant analysis further demonstrated the difference in PCBs and PBDEs exposure profile between the two cohorts. These results demonstrate that hair analysis is sufficiently sensitive to detect exposure to these pollutants and highlight differences in exposure between populations even at environmental levels. Although BPA and BPS were found in 100% of the hair samples in both cohorts, the French women had significantly higher levels of BPA and BPS than the Chinese women. The median concentrations of BPA were one order of magnitude higher than BPS in both the Chinese (34.9 versus 2.84 pg/mg) and the French women (118 versus 8.01 pg/mg) respectively. Our results suggest that both French and Chinese populations were extensively exposed to BPA and BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jiao Peng
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Emilie M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Rémi Béranger
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sakina Mezzache
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Nasrine Bourokba
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Biopolis Drive, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Philippe Bastien
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Jing Li
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, No. 550 JinYu Rd., Pudong New Area, China
| | - Cécile Zaros
- INSERM, Joint Unit INED-INSERM-EFS, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Paul Palazzi
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jeremie Soeur
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
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Hobo Y, Nishikawa J, Miyashiro Y, Fujikata A. Measurement of steroid hormones by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with small amounts of hair. Steroids 2020; 164:108732. [PMID: 32976917 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormone levels in hair reflect the integrated values (average values) of hormone secretion over the past few months. We have used a method to evaluate diseases and chronic stress, discrimination of banned drug use, and so on. In contrast, the hair analysis methods reported so far required at least 10 mg (about 50 to 100 hair strands) of hair to analyze multiple steroid hormones from the same sample. Here, we developed a new method for measuring steroid hormones in hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which identifies multiple steroid hormones from 5 to 10 (about 1 mg) hair strands. Ten steroid hormones (cortisol, cortisone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, pregnenolone, androstenediol and estradiol) covering from sex hormones to stress hormones were derivatized and measured by four different measuring systems. The method showed good linearity for all steroids with correlation coefficients of 0.999 or more. The accuracy and precision of intra- and inter-assay ranged from 96.0 to 106.4% and 4.8 to 8.1% for intra-assay, and from 96.9 to 104.9% and 6.9 and 10.6% for inter-assay, respectively. A mixed solution containing 0.1 M trifluoroacetic acid and 50% acetonitrile was used to extract hair and to enhance the cortisol extraction efficiency approximately twice compared to the previously reported extraction with methanol. This method has the potential to clarify the relationship between steroid hormone levels and diseases that show alopecia such as chronic stress and androgenetic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hobo
- ASKA Pharmaceutical Medical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Kawasaki Takatsu-ku, Kanagawa 213-8522, Japan.
| | - Jun Nishikawa
- ASKA Pharmaceutical Medical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Kawasaki Takatsu-ku, Kanagawa 213-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Miyashiro
- ASKA Pharmaceutical Medical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Kawasaki Takatsu-ku, Kanagawa 213-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Fujikata
- ASKA Pharmaceutical Medical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Kawasaki Takatsu-ku, Kanagawa 213-8522, Japan
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15
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Katsikantami I, Tzatzarakis MN, Karzi V, Stavroulaki A, Xezonaki P, Vakonaki E, Alegakis AK, Sifakis S, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis AM. Biomonitoring of bisphenols A and S and phthalate metabolites in hair from pregnant women in Crete. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135651. [PMID: 31810691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, bisphenols A and S (BPA, BPS) are used as plasticizers and many of them are documented or suspected of being endocrine disruptors. Several studies indicate that exposure during pregnancy may affect the newborn's health and development. The aim of this cross-sectional study is the biomonitoring of seven phthalate metabolites, BPA and BPS in hair from 100 pregnant women in Crete. The most frequently detected compounds were monoethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP) (68%), mono isobutyl phthalate (miBP) (40%), BPA (37%), BPS (34%) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (mnBP) (28%). Phthalate metabolites were detected at medians from 19.5 to 44.4 pg/mg, BPA at 69.9 pg/mg and BPS at 3.5 pg/mg. Significant positive correlations between phthalate metabolites were found which indicated their common sources of exposure. The frequent use of plastics for food storage was strongly associated with mEHP (p = .013) and a weaker association was found for miBP (p = .063). The frequent use of cosmetics during or before pregnancy was associated with levels of phthalate metabolites in hair. More specifically, the use of hair spray before pregnancy was significantly correlated with monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP) (p = .041) and a trend was found for miBP (p = .066). The use of makeup products during pregnancy was strongly associated with miBP (p = .015) and the use of deodorant during pregnancy was inversely associated with mEHP (p = .021). Strong associations came up between mEHP and lower birth weight (Spearman correlation coefficient, r = -0.302, p = .021) and exposure to BPS was associated with increased body mass index of the participants (p = .036). Although data in literature on biomonitoring of the compounds in hair are limited, the findings of this study are promising and in agreement with existing data in hair or urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsikantami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Stavroulaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos K Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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16
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Caban M, Stepnowski P. Determination of bisphenol A in size fractions of indoor dust from several microenvironments. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Son HH, Yun WS, Cho SH. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for profiling 39 urinary steroids (estrogens, androgens, corticoids, and progestins). Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4723. [PMID: 31656044 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal production or metabolism of steroid hormones is responsible for the development of endocrine diseases. Thus, accurate quantification of steroid hormones is needed for both research into clinical conditions and diagnostic and monitoring purposes. An improved analytical method for profiling 39 steroids in urine using LC-MS/MS was developed. As a pre-treatment procedure prior to LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase and solid-phase extraction for purifying the samples were performed. Steroids were separated using Waters ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) and a mobile phase consisting of eluent A (0.01% formic acid and 1 mm ammonium formate in water) and eluent B (0.01% formic acid and 1 mm ammonium formate in methanol) with a gradient program at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Under the optimized method, the linearity of calibration curves was higher than 0.992. The limits of detection at signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were 0.03-90 ng/mL. The developed novel LC-MS/MS method can quantitatively profile 39 steroids in a single analytical run. Steroid profiling based on quantitative results could improve the diagnosis and monitoring of hormone-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Ho Son
- Center for Chemical Analysis, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Soo Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Center for Chemical Analysis, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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18
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Martín J, Santos JL, Aparicio I, Alonso E. Exposure assessment to parabens, bisphenol A and perfluoroalkyl compounds in children, women and men by hair analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133864. [PMID: 31421338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Population is continuously exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds present in everyday products such as parabens, bisphenol A (BPA), and perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs). The aims of this study were, first, to evaluate human exposure to three parabens (methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP) and propylparaben (PrP)), BPA and six PFCs (perfluorobutanoic acid, perfluoropentanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)) through the analysis of hair samples from children, women and men and, then, to evaluate possible relationships between pollutant concentration in hair and age, gender, smoking and dyeing habits or hair colour. Hair samples were collected from 42 volunteers from Seville (Spain) (10 children, 16 women and 16 men). Six of the monitored pollutants (MeP, EtP, PrP, BPA, PFHpA and PFOS) were detected in at least 76% of the samples analysed. The highest concentrations and frequency of detection (100% of the samples) corresponded to MeP and PrP (up to 14,187 and 9009 ng/g, respectively). BPA was found in 83% of the samples at concentrations in the range from 24 to 1427 ng/g whereas PFCs were detected at concentrations in the range from 0.6 to 15.5 ng/g, being PFHpA and PFOS the ones most frequently detected (86% and 76%, respectively). Concentrations of BPA and parabens in adults were statistically higher than those in children. The results of this study reveal the suitability of hair for biomonitoring endocrine disrupting compounds of high concern (PFCs, parabens and BPA) to which population is internally or/and externally but continuously exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martín
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
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Preindl K, Braun D, Aichinger G, Sieri S, Fang M, Marko D, Warth B. A Generic Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry Exposome Method for the Determination of Xenoestrogens in Biological Matrices. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11334-11342. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Preindl
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstraße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Braun
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstraße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Aichinger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstraße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Doris Marko
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstraße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währingerstraße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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20
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do Carmo SN, Merib J, Carasek E. Bract as a novel extraction phase in thin-film SPME combined with 96-well plate system for the high-throughput determination of estrogens in human urine by liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:17-24. [PMID: 31005770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an environmentally friendly and high-throughput method was developed for the determination of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and estriol (E3) in human urine by liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). A biosorbent (bract) was proposed as extraction phase for Thin-Film SPME combined with 96-well system. The characterization of the biosorbent was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimizations were carried out through univariate and multivariate approaches with optimal conditions comprised of urine samples diluted 40-fold, liquid desorption performed in methanol and addition of 20% (w/v) of NaCl in the sample. Considering an extraction/desorption cycle using the 96-well plate system, the sample preparation time was 1.7 min per sample, which contributes to the high-throughput of the method proposed. The analytical parameters of merit were determined and satisfactory results were achieved, including limits of detection ranging from 0.3 μg L-1 for estradiol to 3 μg L-1 for estrone, while limits of quantification varied from 1 μg L-1 for estradiol to 10 μg L-1 for estrone. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9947 for estrone to 0.9999 for estriol. The accuracy and intra-assay and intermediate precisions (RSD) were evaluated through extractions in diluted urine samples (40-fold) spiked with each analyte (1, 200 and 400 μg L-1 for E3; 0.1, 200 and 400 μg L-1 for E2; 0.5, 200 and 400 μg L-1 for EE2 and 10, 200 and 400 μg L-1 for E1). The relative recoveries (n = 3) ranged from 71 to 105%, intra-assay precision (n = 3) varied from 1 to 17% and intermediate precision (n = 9) ranged from 2 to 19%. The method developed can be successfully used for the quantification of estrogens in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josias Merib
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carasek
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil.
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21
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Cho SH, Song HN. Development of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for monitoring of long-term exposure to parabens. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:67-73. [PMID: 30289585 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Parabens, the alkyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, are a family of compounds widely used as preservatives in cosmetic products, including for children, and some are permitted in foods. Parabens are known to be weak endocrine disruptors because they interfere with the function of endogenous hormones through binding to estrogen receptors. Therefore, the levels of parabens in biological samples indicate endocrine-disruptive exposure. In particular, hair samples can provide information on accumulated exposure to parabens. METHODS For monitoring of long-term exposure to parabens, an improved analytical method for rapid and direct determination in hair sample was developed involving ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using on-line extraction. Five parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl- and benzylparaben) were separated within 10 min after incubation with 1 N HCl. Parabens were separated using a Waters BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) and a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium acetate in water and acetonitrile with a gradient program at a flow rate of 300 μL/min. The analysis of the separated parabens was monitored with electrospray negative ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The linearity of the method was demonstrated by r2 ≥ 0.994. The limits of detection as defined by a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were 1-5 ng/g. The mean concentration of the five parabens in hair of human subjects was measured to be 55.6 ± 24.3 to 136.9 ± 48.5 ng/g. CONCLUSIONS The levels of parabens in hair samples may play an important role in understanding probable endocrine-disruptive exposure, and the described method could be used to evaluate and monitor long-term exposure to parabens as endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Han-Na Song
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
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22
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Combination of Vortex-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Air-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Extraction of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol B in Canned Doogh Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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23
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Ianesko F, Alves de Lima C, Antoniazzi C, Santana ER, Piovesan JV, Spinelli A, Galli A, Guimarães de Castro E. Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Hydroquinone and Bisphenol A using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Silver Nanoparticles. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ianesko
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste; Campus CEDETEG, Departamento de Química; 85040-080 - Guarapuava, PR Brazil
| | - Camila Alves de Lima
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste; Campus CEDETEG, Departamento de Química; 85040-080 - Guarapuava, PR Brazil
| | - Cristiane Antoniazzi
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste; Campus CEDETEG, Departamento de Química; 85040-080 - Guarapuava, PR Brazil
| | - Edson Roberto Santana
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Departamento de Química - CFM; 88040-900 - Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Jamille Valéria Piovesan
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Departamento de Química - CFM; 88040-900 - Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Almir Spinelli
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Departamento de Química - CFM; 88040-900 - Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Andressa Galli
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste; Campus CEDETEG, Departamento de Química; 85040-080 - Guarapuava, PR Brazil
| | - Eryza Guimarães de Castro
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste; Campus CEDETEG, Departamento de Química; 85040-080 - Guarapuava, PR Brazil
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24
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Karzi V, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Alegakis T, Katsikantami I, Sifakis S, Rizos A, Tsatsakis AM. Biomonitoring of bisphenol A, triclosan and perfluorooctanoic acid in hair samples of children and adults. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1144-1152. [PMID: 29722443 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are endocrine disruptors linked with negative health effects such as developmental, reproductive and cardiovascular toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine simultaneously the concentration of BPA, TCS and PFOA in hair from children and adults and examine possible associations between biomonitoring data and age, gender, dietary habits and body mass index. Methanolic extraction was applied and the compounds were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Low levels of exposure to PFOA were detected for children and adults at concentrations below limit of quantification. The mean concentration of BPA in children and adults was 20.6 and 16.6 pg mg-1 , while for TCS 275.2 and 687.0 pg mg-1 , respectively. Children were highly exposed to BPA relative to adults (P = .011) although adults had greater exposure to TCS (P = .003). Hair from girls had a greater burden of BPA (P = .06) compared to boys. Moreover, higher TCS levels were depicted for females in both examined groups (children P = .200 and adults P = .213) compared to males, but no statistical differences were observed. Significant differences were also observed between age groups (P = .0007) for TCS. No correlations were found between BPA or TCS levels and body mass index or dietary habits for both children and adults. Children have a greater exposure to BPA compared to adults, whereas exposure of adults to TCS seems to be higher than that in children and elderly people. Exposure to BPA occurs mainly via ingestion whereas exposure to TCS mainly via dermal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, -71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thanasis Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, -71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete and Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-IESL), GR, -71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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25
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Yao K, Wen K, Shan W, Xie S, Peng T, Wang J, Jiang H, Shao B. Development of an immunoaffinity column for the highly sensitive analysis of bisphenol A in 14 kinds of foodstuffs using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1080:50-58. [PMID: 29477067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An immunoaffinity clean-up material based on a monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been prepared for concentrating and purifying bisphenol A (BPA) in 14 kinds of foodstuffs at trace level. Haptens and immunogen of bisphenol A have been synthesized and comprehensively characterized. An mAb towards BPA was prepared and cross-reactivities with 14 BPA analogues were below 5%. The prepared antibody was coupled to N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated Sepharose 4B to manufacture an immunoaffinity column (IAC), which was applied to purify BPA in 14 kinds of foodstuffs. The analyte was then detected by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Under the optimized conditions, compared with two traditional SPE clean-up methods, the IAC showed better selectivity (matrix effect <16.8%) and higher sensitivity. The limits of detection for BPA in 14 kinds of foodstuffs ranged from 0.001 μg L-1 to 0.01 μg kg-1, and the limits of quantification were in the range from 0.003 μg L-1 to 0.04 μg kg-1. The recoveries of BPA from spiked samples ranged from 82.0% to 104.9%, with RSDs below 13.8%. Besides, the IAC exhibited good reusability, with 40% column capacity remaining and no significant loss of recovery after 25 application cycles in real sample detection. These results demonstrated that the developed IAC-UPLC-MS/MS approach has wide applicability for purifying and detecting BPA in various foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchong Shan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanlei Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 100013, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Low dose administration of Bisphenol A induces liver toxicity in adult rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:107-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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