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Chen M, Tinner S, Shafer-Peltier K, Randtke S, Dollar O, Peltier E. Boron removal from synthetic brines and oilfield produced waters using aluminum electrocoagulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157733. [PMID: 35917961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High boron (B) levels in oil and gas produced waters prevent its beneficial reuse as irrigation water without proper treatment. Aluminum (Al) electrocoagulation (EC) is a promising technology for B removal, but further research and development is needed to optimize EC for use in removing B from produced waters. To this end, B removal by adsorption onto insoluble aluminum hydroxide solids, generated by EC in simulated brines (up to 50,000 mg/L NaCl) and real oilfield produced waters, was studied. B removal during EC was greater than when aluminum hydroxide solids formed by EC were subsequently exposed to B containing solutions. Working parameters affecting B removal during the EC process, including current, total dissolved solid (TDS), temperature, pH, scale-forming cations and organic matter, were investigated to explore ways to achieve higher B removal. Boron removal increased with increased current loading and time, and with the concomitant increased Al solids concentration. However, too high a current loading limited B removal because of a change in the structure of the aluminum hydroxide solids. Higher TDS decreased B removal slightly, but lower TDS concentrations limited the use of higher current loadings. Temperature increased during EC treatment, particularly at higher current loadings, and this inhibited B removal due to an accelerated aggregation of amorphous Al solids into larger, denser, and presumably more crystalline particles. The best B removal occurred at pH 8, corresponding to a slightly positive zeta potential for aluminum hydroxide and a small but significant fraction of negatively charged B species. Scale-forming cations such as Ba2+ and Sr2+ had no obvious effect on the EC process. The presence of high concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+ resulted in low bulk pH values during the EC process and greater formation of solid products, but B removal did not decrease during a pH-controlled (pH = 8) EC process with these divalent cations present. Two produced water samples collected from oilfields in Kansas, US were treated using EC for 1 h, resulting in up to ~70 % B removal from solution with a current loading of 6.67 A/L, and up to 78 % with 13.33 A/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Stacy Tinner
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | - Stephen Randtke
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Orion Dollar
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Edward Peltier
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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Abada B, Joag S, Sharma R, Chellam S. Hypersaline produced water clarification by dissolved air flotation and sedimentation with ultrashort residence times. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119241. [PMID: 36279612 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Treatment and reuse of some produced waters is made difficult due to their hypersalinity, high concentrations of myriad other dissolved and suspended components, specialized technology requirements (modularity, portability, and short residence times), and lack of existing information on their processing. In this work, produced water containing ∼100,000 mg/L total dissolved solids from the Permian Basin was coagulated with aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) and flocculated with an anionic high molecular weight organic polymer prior to dissolved air flotation (DAF) and sedimentation to reduce turbidity to < 4 NTU and iron < 0.8 mg/L (>95% removal in both cases) with a total coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation/flotation residence time of only 5 min. Two advantages of DAF over sedimentation were noted: (i) DAF required only half the dosage of the pre-hydrolyzed ACH coagulant to remove ∼90% of turbidity and iron even without the organic polymeric flocculant and (ii) DAF even operated successfully without ACH coagulation (i.e., using only the organic polymeric flocculant) evidencing its lower chemical dosing needs. Further, DAF attained all water quality and operational goals at a recycle ratio of only 12% demonstrating that it outperformed sedimentation to generate clean brine at relatively reduced excess energies necessary for air saturation. Higher DAF recycle ratios reduced turbidity and iron removal possibly due to floc breakage. Colloids were effectively destabilized by double layer compression (due to high water salinity), charge neutralization (via adsorption of Al13 polycations), and enmeshment (precipitation of amorphous aluminum). They were flocculated via interparticle bridging (by the anionic organic polymeric flocculant) to create large, compact flocs facilitating ultrashort flotation/sedimentation times. Direct evidence for these individual coagulation and flocculation mechanisms were obtained using electrophoretic mobility measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, computational image and video analysis, and scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Abada
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA
| | - Sanket Joag
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Facilities Engineering, Global Production, ConocoPhillips, Houston, TX 77079, USA
| | - Shankararaman Chellam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA.
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Landsman MR, Rivers F, Pedretti BJ, Freeman BD, Lawler DF, Lynd NA, Katz LE. Boric acid removal with polyol-functionalized polyether membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lin JY, Mahasti NNN, Huang YH. Recent advances in adsorption and coagulation for boron removal from wastewater: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124401. [PMID: 33280939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic emission of boron to river has become a serious problem that deteriorates the water quality and endangers the ecosystem. Although boron is a micronutrient, it is toxic to plants, animals and humans upon exposure. In this review, we first present the sources of the boron-containing streams and their composition, and then summarize the recent progress of boron removal methods based on adsorption and coagulation systematically. The boron-spiked streams are produced from coal-fired and geothermal power plants, the manufacturing and the activities of oil/gas excavation and mining. The adsorbents for boron removal are classified into the ones functionalized by chelating groups, the ones on the basis of clays or metal oxide. Three subgroups reside in the coagulation approach: electrocoagulation, chemical precipitation and chemical oxo-precipitation. The hybrid technology that combines membrane process and adsorption/coagulation was covered as well. To provide a comprehensive view of each method, we addressed the reaction mechanism, specified the strength and weakness and summarized the progress in the past 5 years. Ultimately, the prospective for future research and the possible improvement on applicability and recyclability were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yen Lin
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Nicolaus N N Mahasti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hui Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Design of facile technology for the efficient removal of hydroxypropyl guar gum from fracturing fluid. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247948. [PMID: 33661981 PMCID: PMC7932517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for energy, fracturing technology is widely used in oilfield operations over the last decades. Typically, fracturing fluids contain various additives such as cross linkers, thickeners and proppants, and so forth, which makes it possess the properties of considerably complicated components and difficult processing procedure. There are still some difficult points needing to be explored and resolved in the hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) removal process, e.g., high viscosity and removal of macromolecular organic compounds. Our works provided a facile and economical HPG removal technology for fracturing fluids by designing a series of processes including gel-breaking, coagulation and precipitation according to the diffusion double layer theory. After this treatment process, the fracturing fluid can meet the requirements of reinjection, and the whole process was environment friendly without secondary pollution characteristics. In this work, the fracturing fluid were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technologies, etc. Further, the micro-stabilization and destabilization mechanisms of HPG in fracturing fluid were carefully investigated. This study maybe opens up new perspective for HPG removal technologies, exhibiting a low cost and strong applicability in both fundamental research and practical applications.
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The corrosion of aluminum alloy and release of hydrogen in nuclear reactor emergency core coolant: Implications for deflagration and explosion risk. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen M, Dollar O, Shafer-Peltier K, Randtke S, Waseem S, Peltier E. Boron removal by electrocoagulation: Removal mechanism, adsorption models and factors influencing removal. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115362. [PMID: 31841770 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B), normally present in ground water and sea water, is a vital micronutrient for plants, but is also toxic in excessive amounts. Under typical conditions, aqueous boron is present as boric acid (H3BO3), which is uncharged, making B particularly challenging to remove by mechanisms commonly applicable to removal of trace constituents. Adsorption of B onto aluminum hydroxide solids (Al(OH)3(s)) generated using aluminum-based electrocoagulation (EC) is a promising strategy for B removal. Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated complexation of B(OH)3 with aluminum hydroxide solids via surface hydroxyl groups, while X-ray and infrared spectroscopy results indicated that the structure of the Al(OH)3(s) was influenced both by EC operating conditions and by water quality. A linear adsorption model predicted B removal well when initial concentrations were lower than 50 mg/L, but fit the experimental data poorly at higher initial B concentrations. The Langmuir adsorption model provided a good fit for a broader range of initial B concentrations (5-1000 mg/L). Factors affecting B adsorption during the EC process, including current intensity, Al dissolution rate, boron concentration, pH, and total dissolved solid (TDS), were investigated. Increasing current intensity initially led to a higher Al dissolution rate, and therefore higher B adsorption, but there was a limit, as further increases in current intensity caused rapid formation of Al(OH)3(s) having a large particle size and a low capacity to complex B. Boron removal decreased as its concentration increased. The best removal of B occurred at pH 8, corresponding to a slightly positive zeta potential for aluminum hydroxide and a small but significant fraction of negatively charged B species. Higher TDS concentrations facilitated the use of higher current intensities, i.e., the limit on the effective Al dissolution rate increased with increasing TDS. Two real water samples (river water and oilfield produced water) spiked with B were treated using EC, resulting in up to 50% B removal from river water (C0 = 10 mg/L, current = 0.2 A) in 2 h, and 80% B removal from produced water (C0 = 50 mg/L, current = 1.0 A) in 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Tertiary Oil Recovery Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Orion Dollar
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | | | - Stephen Randtke
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Saad Waseem
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Edward Peltier
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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Ofman P, Struk-Sokołowska J, Skoczko I, Wiater J. Alternated biodegradation of naphthalene (NAP), acenaphthylene (ACY) and acenaphthene (ACE) in an aerobic granular sludge reactor (GSBR). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121184. [PMID: 31522063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents quantitative changes of selected 2- and 3-ring PAHs after process phases of GSBR reactor. The studies have been carried out for 264 cycles of GSBR reactor, during which concentration of naphthalene was increased in the range of 3.00-710.00 μg/L, acenaphthylene 1.00-160.00 μg/L, acenaphthene 3.00-440.00 μg/L. GSBR operating cycle consisted of filling (30 min), mixing (90 min), aeration (540 min), sedimentation (10 min), decanting (30 min) and downtime (20 min) phases. Activated sludge dry mass concentration was 4.00 kg/m3. Conducted studies showed that in GSBR reactor naphthalene was degraded with the highest intensity. Results of the statistical analysis confirmed that naphthalene concentrations were statistically significantly different (α = 0.05) after each individual GSBR process phase, while in case of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene, the differences were observed only between mixing and aeration phases. Additionally, equations estimating concentrations of PAHs in treated wastewater were developed. Selected activated sludge technological parameters (sludge volume index, sludge and hydraulic retention time) and concentration of PAHs were used for equations. The R2 coefficients of equations were above 0.99, which indicates a good adjustment of estimation to observed values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ofman
- Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, 15-351 Bialystok, Wiejska 45E, Poland
| | - Joanna Struk-Sokołowska
- Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, 15-351 Bialystok, Wiejska 45E, Poland.
| | - Iwona Skoczko
- Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, 15-351 Bialystok, Wiejska 45E, Poland
| | - Józefa Wiater
- Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, 15-351 Bialystok, Wiejska 45E, Poland
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9
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Sun M, Li M, Zhang X, Wu C, Wu Y. Graphene oxide modified porous P84 co-polyimide membranes for boron recovery by bipolar membrane electrodialysis process. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Chang H, Li T, Liu B, Chen C, He Q, Crittenden JC. Smart ultrafiltration membrane fouling control as desalination pretreatment of shale gas fracturing wastewater: The effects of backwash water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104869. [PMID: 31228783 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing attention is being paid to the treatment of shale gas fracturing wastewater, including flowback and produced water (FPW). Energy-efficient pretreatment technologies suitable for desalinating and reusing FPW are of paramount importance. OBJECTIVES This work focused on enhanced fouling alleviation of ultrafiltration (UF) as a pretreatment for desalinating shale gas FPW in Sichuan Basin, China. The UF fouling behaviors under various backwash water sources or coagulant dosages were evaluated, and membrane surface characteristics were correlated with UF fouling. The feasibility of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscope mapping technique in quantifying UF fouling was also assessed. METHODS Various backwash water sources, including UF permeate, ultrapure water, nanofiltration (NF) permeate, reverse osmosis (RO) permeate, RO concentrate and forward osmosis (FO) draw solution, were used to clean UF membranes fouled by shale gas FPW. The UF fouling behaviors were characterized by total and non-backwashable fouling rates. Membrane surface characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), total tension surface and FTIR spectra. RESULTS Protein-like substances in terms of fluorescence intensity in the backwash water decreased with the order of UF permeate, RO concentrate, NF permeate, RO permeate and FO draw solution. Compared with UF permeate backwashing, alleviated UF fouling was observed by using demineralized backwash water including ultrapure water and RO permeate, irrespective of hollow fiber and flat-sheet membranes. NF permeate and RO concentrate after NF used as backwash water resulted in low and comparable membrane fouling with that in integrated coagulation-UF process under optimal dosage. Among the backwash water tested, FO draw solution backwashing corresponded to the lowest UF fouling rates, which were even lower than that in the presence of coagulant under optimal dosage. The superiority of these backwash water sources to UF permeate was further confirmed by SEM images and FTIR spectra. The residual foulant mass on membrane surface and the total surface tension correlated well with non-backwashable and total fouling rates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS FTIR microscopy was a powerful surface mapping technique to characterize UF membrane fouling caused by shale gas FPW. Backwash water sources significantly influenced the fouling of UF membranes. In the integrated UF-NF-RO or UF-FO process, RO concentrate or FO draw solution were proposed as backwash water to enhance UF fouling control and decrease waste discharge simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Chang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China; Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Baicang Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China; Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Litree Purifying Technology Co., Ltd, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Qiping He
- Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Chinese National Petroleum Corporation, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Tsai CK, Lee NT, Huang GH, Suzuki Y, Doong RA. Simultaneous Recovery of Display Panel Waste Glass and Wastewater Boron by Chemical Oxo-precipitation with Fluidized-Bed Heterogeneous Crystallization. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14057-14066. [PMID: 31497724 PMCID: PMC6714614 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silica-based carrier is a promising material for recovery of metal and nonmetal contaminants in chemical oxo-precipitation-fluidized bed crystallization (COP-FBC) system. Boron species are an essential element for plant growth and can cause health concerns in human beings at high concentrations in water environments. The composition of thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) contains a wide variety of metal oxides and can be tailored as promising functional mesoporous carriers for boron crystallization recovery in the presence of barium ions and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, waste-derived mesoporous aluminosilicate (MAS) nanomaterial in the presence of barium ions and hydrogen peroxide was used as a carrier for sustainable recovery of crystallized boron, a priority wastewaters pollutant. The MAS shows the hierarchically homogeneous distribution of nanostructured aluminosilicate particles with an average size of 12.8 ± 3.6 nm on the surface after the activation with Na2CO3 at 1000 °C. Moreover, the negatively charged surface and the mesoporous structure of MAS enhance the adsorption of Ba2+ onto MAS, and the Langmuir adsorption capacity of 105 mg/g is achieved, which is conducive to the enhancement of the recovery of boron species. Moreover, the recovery efficiency and crystallization ratio of boron by MAS can be up to 84.5 and 93.4%, respectively. The cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy images and the high-temperature X-ray diffraction results confirm the boron recovery mechanism that the negatively charged functional group as well as the mesoporosity of MAS triggers the rapid formation of needle-shaped precipitates of barium peroxoborate, and then converted to barium borate after calcination at 1050 °C. Results obtained in this study clearly demonstrate the possibility of fabricating environmentally benign mesoporous aluminosilicate adsorbents from TFT-LCD waste to sustainably recover and crystallize boron species from water and wastewater in COP-FBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuo Tsai
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemical Analysis, Industrial Technology
Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Tsu Lee
- Department
of Chemical Analysis, Industrial Technology
Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan
| | - Gaw-Hau Huang
- Department
of Chemical Analysis, Industrial Technology
Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan
| | - Yoshikazu Suzuki
- Faculty
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ruey-an Doong
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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12
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Boron Removal from Mining and Synthetic Effluents by Electrocoagulation Using Aluminum Electrodes. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:3746964. [PMID: 31210754 PMCID: PMC6532284 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3746964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of the electrocoagulation method to remove boron from synthetic and mining effluents was investigated in this study. Different parameters were tested using boric acid solution and effluent collected from a mining company located in the city of Vitória-ES. The results showed a percentage of boron removal of over 60% for the synthetic and mining effluents, using aluminum electrodes, pH 7.5, current density of 14.82 mA cm−2, and supporting electrolyte of 0.200 mol L−1. The electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation methods were also compared, in which the percentage obtained by electrocoagulation was 56.30% higher for the mining effluent. Thus, electrocoagulation was more efficient in boron removal, especially when appropriate parameters are applied.
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Heredia AC, de la Fuente García-Soto MM, Narros Sierra A, Mendoza SM, Gómez Avila J, Crivello ME. Boron Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Synthetic MgAlFe Mixed Oxides. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica C. Heredia
- CITeQ-CONICET, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Córdoba, Maestro Marcelo
López esq. Cruz Roja Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5016ZAA, Argentina
| | - M. M. de la Fuente García-Soto
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente. E. T. S. de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28006, España
| | - Adolfo Narros Sierra
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente. E. T. S. de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28006, España
| | - Sandra M. Mendoza
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, CONICET, Facultad Regional Reconquista, Reconquista 3560, Argentina
| | - Jenny Gómez Avila
- CITeQ-CONICET, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Córdoba, Maestro Marcelo
López esq. Cruz Roja Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5016ZAA, Argentina
| | - Mónica E. Crivello
- CITeQ-CONICET, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Córdoba, Maestro Marcelo
López esq. Cruz Roja Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5016ZAA, Argentina
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Lin JY, Raharjo A, Hsu LH, Shih YJ, Huang YH. Electrocoagulation of tetrafluoroborate (BF 4-) and the derived boron and fluorine using aluminum electrodes. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 155:362-371. [PMID: 30856520 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tetrafluoroborate anion (BF4-) is found in the streams of flue-gas desulfurization and borosilicate glasses etching which deteriorates water quality through slow hydrolysis into boric acid and fluoride. Decomposition and electrocoagulation (EC) of BF4- were studied using metallic aluminum as the sacrificial electrode. The dissolved Al(III) from the anode could efficiently decompose BF4- in forms of fluoroaluminate complexes, and the derived boric acid and fluoride ion were removed by sweep flocculation. Major variables were investigated to optimize EC, including the reaction pH, initial concentration of BF4-, current density and electrolyte type. The mechanism of EC process was elucidated with the kinetics of consecutive reactions. Experimental results suggested that the removal of BF4- and total fluoride were less influenced by pH, and that of total boron reached a maximum at pH 8 which favored the surface complexation between borate species and EC precipitates. Under the conditions: [BF4-]0 = 9.3 mM, [NaCl] = 10 mM, pH = 8.0, current density = 5 mA/cm2, 98.3% of BF4- was decomposed and the removal of total fluoride and boron attained 98.2% and 74.1%, respectively within 3 h. EC using the Al electrode outperformed the conventional chemical coagulation and reduced the levels of BF4, B(OH)3 and F- in aqueous solution synergically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Agnes Raharjo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Shih
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Hui Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Green Ferrate(VI) for Multiple Treatments of Fracturing Wastewater: Demulsification, Visbreaking, and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081857. [PMID: 30991685 PMCID: PMC6515217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracturing wastewater is often highly emulsified, viscous, and has a high chemical oxygen demand (COD), which makes it difficult to treat and recycle. Ferrate(VI) is a green oxidant that has a high redox potential and has been adopted for the efficient oxidation of fracturing wastewater to achieve triple effects: demulsification, visbreaking, and COD removal. Firstly, optimal conditions were identified to build a model for fast and efficient treatment. Secondly, wastewater treatment using ferrate oxidation was investigated via demulsification, visbreaking, and COD removal. Finally, a mechanism for ferrate oxidation was proposed for the three effects using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The theoretical and experimental data demonstrated that the ferrate oxidation achieved the three desired effects. When ferrate was added, the demulsification efficiency increased from 56.2% to 91.8%, the total viscosity dropped from 1.45 cp to 1.10 cp, and the total removal rate of COD significantly increased to 74.2%. A mechanistic analysis showed that the strongly-oxidizing ferrate easily and efficiently oxidized the O/W interfacial film materials, viscous polymers, and compounds responsible for the COD, which was a promising result for the triple effects.
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16
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Ya V, Chen YC, Chou YH, Choo KH, Liu JC, Mameda N, Li CW. Cryolite (Na 3AlF 6) crystallization for fluoride recovery using an electrolytic process equipped with a sacrificial aluminum anode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:90-96. [PMID: 30665112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An electro-crystallization process equipped with a sacrificial aluminum anode was operated under an optimum condition to promote the formation of crystalline cryolite for the recovery of fluoride from synthetic F-containing wastewater. The effects of pH, Al/F molar ratio, initial F concentration, and electrolytes were investigated experimentally, and the results were compared with data obtained from chemical equilibrium modeling. Cryolite was successfully produced under optimum pH values of 5 to 6 and Al/F molar ratios of less than 1/6. The F removal increased with increasing Al/F molar ratio until reaching the molar ratio of 1/6 and decreased thereafter due to the formation of AlFn3-n species. The adsorption of AlFn3-n by Al(OH)3 precipitates contributed part of F removal. The removal efficiency reached 100% when the initial fluoride concentration was high while it was around 90% with the low initial fluoride concentration. XRD and SEM/EDX analysis showed that the obtained solids matched well to the commercial cryolite. Finally, the operating costs of chemical-crystallization (the process with Al ions added chemically) and electro-crystallization were compared, and the cost of the former was less than the latter. Energy consumption was the main contributor to the operating cost of the electro-crystallization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Ya
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, 151 Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Dalat University, Dalat, Viet Nam
| | - Yi-Chieh Chen
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, 151 Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, 151 Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Ho Choo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhy-Chern Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Naresh Mameda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Wang Li
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, 151 Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
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17
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Sun Y, Wang D, Tsang DCW, Wang L, Ok YS, Feng Y. A critical review of risks, characteristics, and treatment strategies for potentially toxic elements in wastewater from shale gas extraction. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 125:452-469. [PMID: 30763832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Shale gas extraction via horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (HF) has enhanced gas production worldwide, which has altered global energy markets and reduced the prices of natural gas and oil. Water management has become the most challenging issue of HF, as it demands vast amounts of freshwater and generates high volumes of complex liquid wastes contaminated by diverse potentially toxic elements at variable rates. This critical review focuses on characterizing HF wastewater and establishing strategies to mitigate environmental impacts. High prioritization was given to the constituents with mean concentrations over 10 times greater than the maximum contamination level (MCL) guidelines for drinking water. A number of potentially harmful organic compounds in HF wastewaters were identified via the risk quotient approach to predict the associated toxicity for freshwater organisms in recipient surface waters. Currently, two options for HF wastewater treatment are preferred, i.e., disposal by deep well injection or on-site re-use as a fracturing fluid. Supplementary treatment will be enforced by increasingly rigorous regulations. Partial treatment and reuse remain the preferred method for managing HF wastewater where feasible. Otherwise, advanced technologies such as membrane separation/distillation, forward osmosis, mechanical vapor compression, electrocoagulation, advanced oxidation, and adsorption-biological treatment will be required to satisfy the sustainable requirements for reuse or surface discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Linling Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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18
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Kong FX, Lin XF, Sun GD, Chen JF, Guo CM, Xie YF. Enhanced organic removal for shale gas fracturing flowback water by electrocoagulation and simultaneous electro-peroxone process. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:252-258. [PMID: 30471506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colloids and organics in shale gas fracturing flowback water (SGFFW) during shale gas extraction are of primary concerns. Coagulation combined with oxidation might be a promising process for SGFFW treatment. In this study, a novel electrocoagulation-peroxone (ECP) process was developed for SGFFW treatment by simultaneous coagulation and oxidation process with a Al plate as the anode and a carbon-PTFE gas diffusion electrode as the cathode, realizing the simultaneous processes of coagulation, H2O2 generation and activation by O3 at the cathode. Compared with electrocoagulation (EC) and peroxi-electrocoagulation (PEC), COD removal efficiency mainly followed the declining order of ECP, PEC and EC under the optimal current density of 50 mA cm-2. The appearance of medium MW fraction (1919 Da) during ozonation and PEC but disappearance in ECP indicated that these intermediate products couldn't be degraded by ozonation and PEC but could be further oxidized and mineralized by the hydroxyl radical produced by the cathode in ECP, demonstrating the hydroxyl radical might be responsible for the significant enhancement of COD removal. The pseudo-first order kinetic model can well fit ozonation and EC process but not the PEC and ECP process due to the synthetic effect of coagulation and oxidation. However, the proposed mechanism based model can generally fit ECP satisfactorily. The average current efficiency for PEC was 35.4% and 12% higher than that of ozonation and EC, respectively. This study demonstrated the feasibility of establishing a high efficiency and space-saving electrochemical system with integrated anodic coagulation and cathodic electro-peroxone for SGFFW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Xin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Guang-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Jin-Fu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Chun-Mei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yuefeng F Xie
- Environmental Engineering Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
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19
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Elazzouzi M, Haboubi K, Elyoubi M. Enhancement of electrocoagulation-flotation process for urban wastewater treatment using Al and Fe electrodes: techno-economic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Sardari K, Fyfe P, Lincicome D, Ranil Wickramasinghe S. Combined electrocoagulation and membrane distillation for treating high salinity produced waters. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Hildenbrand ZL, Santos IC, Liden T, Carlton DD, Varona-Torres E, Martin MS, Reyes ML, Mulla SR, Schug KA. Characterizing variable biogeochemical changes during the treatment of produced oilfield waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:1519-1529. [PMID: 29710650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At the forefront of the discussions about climate change and energy independence has been the process of hydraulic fracturing, which utilizes large amounts of water, proppants, and chemical additives to stimulate sequestered hydrocarbons from impermeable subsurface strata. This process also produces large amounts of heterogeneous flowback and formation waters, the subsurface disposal of which has most recently been linked to the induction of anthropogenic earthquakes. As such, the management of these waste streams has provided a newfound impetus to explore recycling alternatives to reduce the reliance on subsurface disposal and fresh water resources. However, the biogeochemical characteristics of produced oilfield waste render its recycling and reutilization for production well stimulation a substantial challenge. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of produced waste from the Eagle Ford shale region before, during, and after treatment through adjustable separation, flocculation, and disinfection technologies. The collection of bulk measurements revealed significant reductions in suspended and dissolved constituents that could otherwise preclude untreated produced water from being utilized for production well stimulation. Additionally, a significant step-wise reduction in pertinent scaling and well-fouling elements was observed, in conjunction with notable fluctuations in the microbiomes of highly variable produced waters. Collectively, these data provide insight into the efficacies of available water treatment modalities within the shale energy sector, which is currently challenged with improving the environmental stewardship of produced water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacariah L Hildenbrand
- Affiliate of the Collaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and Remediation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States; Inform Environmental, LLC, Dallas, TX 75206, United States.
| | - Inês C Santos
- Affiliate of the Collaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and Remediation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Tiffany Liden
- Affiliate of the Collaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and Remediation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Doug D Carlton
- Affiliate of the Collaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and Remediation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Emmanuel Varona-Torres
- Affiliate of the Collaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and Remediation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States; Inform Environmental, LLC, Dallas, TX 75206, United States
| | - Misty S Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Michelle L Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Safwan R Mulla
- Affiliate of the Collaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and Remediation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Affiliate of the Collaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and Remediation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
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22
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Deniz F, Akarsu C. Operating Cost and Treatment of Boron from Aqueous Solutions by Electrocoagulation in Low Concentration. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2018; 2:1800011. [PMID: 31565336 PMCID: PMC6607143 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201800011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the optimum parameters of electrocoagulation process in treatment of boron in low concentrations. Especially, studies on electrode optimization in low boron concentrated waters are insufficient. Therefore, the effect of electrode combination (Al-Al, Al-Fe, Al-SS, Fe-Al, Fe-Fe, and Fe-SS), pH (5-9), current density (8-24 mA cm-2), distance (1-3 cm), and electrolysis time (10-90 min) on treatment of boron containing wastewater is studied to obtain maximum removal efficiency. The maximum removal efficiency of boron is obtained as 95.6%. Operation conditions for maximum removal are the electrode combination of Fe-Al, current density of 16 mA cm-2, pH 7.0, concentration of 30 mg L-1 and the reaction time of 70 min. Operating cost of the electrocoagulation process is calculated as 2.35 $ m-3. This study indicates that the electrocoagulation process can be successfully applied in order to treat boron-polluted wastewaters at low initial concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Deniz
- Department of Environmental EngineeringEngineering FacultyMersin University33343MersinTurkey
| | - Ceyhun Akarsu
- Department of Environmental EngineeringEngineering FacultyMersin University33343MersinTurkey
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23
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Chorghe D, Sari MA, Chellam S. Boron removal from hydraulic fracturing wastewater by aluminum and iron coagulation: Mechanisms and limitations. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 126:481-487. [PMID: 29028491 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One promising water management strategy during hydraulic fracturing is treatment and reuse of flowback/produced water. In particular, the saline flowback water contains many of the chemicals employed for fracking, which need to be removed before possible reuse as "frac water." This manuscript targets turbidity along with one of the additives; borate-based cross-linkers used to adjust the rheological characteristics of the frac-fluid. Alum and ferric chloride were evaluated as coagulants for clarification and boron removal from saline flowback water obtained from a well in the Eagle Ford shale. Extremely high dosages (> 9000 mg/L or 333 mM Al and 160 mM Fe) corresponding to Al/B and Fe/B mass ratios of ∼70 and molar ratios of ∼28 and 13 respectively were necessary to remove ∼80% boron. Hence, coagulation does not appear to be feasible for boron removal from high-strength waste streams. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed BO bonding on surfaces of freshly precipitated Al(OH)3(am) and Fe(OH)3(am) suggesting boron uptake was predominantly via ligand exchange. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided direct evidence of inner-sphere boron complexation with surface hydroxyl groups on both amorphous aluminum and iron hydroxides. Only trigonal boron was detected on aluminum flocs since possible presence of tetrahedral boron was masked by severe AlO interferences. Both trigonal and tetrahedral conformation of boron complexes were identified on Fe(OH)3 surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan Chorghe
- Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA
| | - Mutiara Ayu Sari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA
| | - Shankararaman Chellam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA.
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24
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Hakizimana JN, Najid N, Gourich B, Vial C, Stiriba Y, Naja J. Hybrid electrocoagulation/electroflotation/electrodisinfection process as a pretreatment for seawater desalination. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Liu S, Xu M, Yu T, Han D, Peng J, Li J, Zhai M. Radiation synthesis and performance of novel cellulose-based microsphere adsorbents for efficient removal of boron (III). Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:273-281. [PMID: 28821068 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel cellulose-based microsphere containing glucamine groups, referred as CVN, was successfully synthesized by radiation-induced graft polymerization of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride onto cellulose microspheres and subsequent functionalization with N-methyl-d-glucamine. The adsorption by CVN for boron (III) from aqueous solutions was evaluated systematically by batch adsorption technique. Langmuir models could fit well with the adsorption behavior of CVN. The CVN adsorbents exhibited a high adsorption capacity up to 12.4mgg-1 towards boron (III) over the wide pH range of 5-8. After the addition of chloride salts, the boron uptake of CVN was enhanced that was attributed to the compensation of the surface charge generated by boron (III) adsorption leading to favor the adsorption. At high concentrations of salts, the ionic strength and different salts have no effect on the adsorption of boron(III). This work provides a new sustainable, cost effective material as a promising specific adsorbent for the removal of boron (III) from saline solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianlin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jiuqiang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maolin Zhai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Vadasarukkai YS, Gagnon GA. Influence of the Mixing Energy Consumption Affecting Coagulation and Floc Aggregation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3480-3489. [PMID: 28206742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The operational significance of energy-intensive rapid mixing processes remains unaddressed in coagulation and flocculation of insoluble precipitates (flocs), which play an important role in the removal of impurities from drinking water supplies. In this study, the influence of rapid mixing and associated mixing energy on floc aggregation was examined for a surface water source characterized by a high fraction of aquatic humic matter. Infrared spectral analyses showed that the colloidal complexes resulting from ligand exchange between iron and dissolved natural organic matter (DOM) were not substantially influenced by the mixing energy input. This signified that DOM removal by coagulation can be achieved at lower mixing intensity, thereby reducing energy consumption. In contrast, macroscopic investigations showed the coagulation mixing energy affected floc size distributions during the slow mixing stage in flocculation and, to some extent, their settling characteristics. The results from analysis of floc properties clearly showed that more mixing energy was expended than necessary in coagulation, which is typically designed at a high mixing intensity range of 600-1000 s-1 in treatment plants. The key findings from this study have practical implications to water utilities to strategically meet water quality goals while reducing energy demands.
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27
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Kartikaningsih D, Huang YH, Shih YJ. Electro-oxidation and characterization of nickel foam electrode for removing boron. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 166:184-191. [PMID: 27697706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The electrocoagulation (EC) using metallic Ni foam as electrodes was studied for the removal of boron from solution. The electrolytic parameters were pH (4-12), current density (0.6-2.5 mA cm-2), and initial concentration of boron (10-100 mg L-1). Experimental results revealed that removal efficiency was maximized at pH 8-9, and decreased as the pH increased beyond that range. At particular onset potentials (0.5-0.8 V vs. Hg/HgO), the micro-granular nickel oxide that was created on the surface of the nickel metal substrate depended on pH, as determined by cyclic voltammetry. Most of the crystallites of the precipitates comprised a mixed phase of β-Ni(OH)2, a theophrastite phase, and NiOOH, as revealed by XRD and SEM analyses. A current density of 1.25 mA cm-2 was effective in the EC of boron, and increasing the concentration of boric acid from 10 to 100 mg L-1 did not greatly impair removal efficiency. A kinetic investigation revealed that the reaction followed a pseudo-second order rate model. The optimal conditions under which 99.2% of boron was removed from treated wastewater with 10 mg L-1-B, leaving less than 0.1 mg L-1-B in the electrolyte, were pH 8 and 1.25 mA cm-2 for 120 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danis Kartikaningsih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hui Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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28
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Ye X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Dou R, Wen S, Li L, Chen Y, Hu Y. Treatment of Ni-EDTA containing wastewater by electrocoagulation using iron scraps packed-bed anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:304-313. [PMID: 27592320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The unique electrocoagulator proposed in this study is highly efficient at removing Ni-EDTA, providing a potential remediation option for wastewater containing lower concentrations of Ni-EDTA (Ni ≤ 10 mg L-1). In the electrocoagulation (EC) system, cylindrical graphite was used as a cathode, and a packed-bed formed from iron scraps was used as an anode. The results showed that the removal of Ni-EDTA increased with the application of current and favoured acidic conditions. We also found that the iron scrap packed-bed anode was superior in its treatment ability and specific energy consumption (SECS) compared with the iron rod anode. In addition, the packed density and temperature had a large influence on the energy consumption (ECS). Over 94.3% of Ni and 95.8% of TOC were removed when conducting the EC treatment at an applied current of 0.5 A, initial pH of 3, air-purged rate 0.2 L min-1, anode packed density of 400 kg m-3 temperature of 313 K and time of 30 min. SEM analysis of the iron scraps indicated that the specific area of the anode increased after the EC. The XRD analysis of flocs produced during EC revealed that hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) were the main by-products under aerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively. A kinetic study demonstrated that the removal of Ni-EDTA followed a first-order model with the current parameters. Moreover, the removal efficiency of real wastewater was essentially consistent with that of synthetic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Junya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuancai Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rongni Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shulong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lianghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuancai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - YongYou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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