1
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McConnell BB, Liang Z, Xu C, Han Y, Yun CC. LPA 5-Dependent signaling regulates regeneration of the intestinal epithelium following irradiation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G631-G642. [PMID: 38593468 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00269.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid molecule that regulates a wide array of cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival, via activation of cognate receptors. The LPA5 receptor is highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but its function in restoring intestinal epithelial integrity following injury has not been examined. Here, we use a radiation-induced injury model to study the role of LPA5 in regulating intestinal epithelial regeneration. Control mice (Lpar5f/f) and mice with an inducible, epithelial cell-specific deletion of Lpar5 in the small intestine (Lpar5IECKO) were subjected to 10 Gy total body X-ray irradiation and analyzed during recovery. Repair of the intestinal mucosa was delayed in Lpar5IECKO mice with reduced epithelial proliferation and increased crypt cell apoptosis. These effects were accompanied by reduced numbers of OLFM4+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The effects of LPA5 on ISCs were corroborated by studies using organoids derived from Lgr5-lineage tracking reporter mice with deletion of Lpar5 in Lgr5+-stem cells (Lgr5Cont or Lgr5ΔLpar5). Irradiation of organoids resulted in fewer numbers of Lgr5ΔLpar5 organoids retaining Lgr5+-derived progenitor cells compared with Lgr5Cont organoids. Finally, we observed that impaired regeneration in Lpar5IECKO mice was associated with reduced numbers of Paneth cells and decreased expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a critical factor for intestinal epithelial repair. Our study highlights a novel role for LPA5 in regeneration of the intestinal epithelium following irradiation and its effect on the maintenance of Paneth cells that support the stem cell niche.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used mice lacking expression of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPA5) in intestinal epithelial cells and intestinal organoids to show that the LPA5 receptor protects intestinal stem cells and progenitors from radiation-induced injury. We show that LPA5 induces YAP signaling and regulates Paneth cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth B McConnell
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zhongxing Liang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Chad Xu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yiran Han
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - C Chris Yun
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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2
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Kim S, Leem G, Choi J, Koh Y, Lee S, Nam SH, Kim JS, Park CH, Hwang HK, Min KI, Jo JH, Lee HS, Chung MJ, Park JY, Park SW, Song SY, Shin EC, Kang CM, Bang S, Park JE. Integrative analysis of spatial and single-cell transcriptome data from human pancreatic cancer reveals an intermediate cancer cell population associated with poor prognosis. Genome Med 2024; 16:20. [PMID: 38297291 PMCID: PMC10832111 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies using single-cell transcriptomic analysis have reported several distinct clusters of neoplastic epithelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment. However, their molecular characteristics and biological significance have not been clearly elucidated due to intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing using enriched non-immune cell populations from 17 pancreatic tumor tissues (16 pancreatic cancer and one high-grade dysplasia) and generated paired spatial transcriptomic data from seven patient samples. RESULTS We identified five distinct functional subclusters of pancreatic cancer cells and six distinct cancer-associated fibroblast subclusters. We deeply profiled their characteristics, and we found that these subclusters successfully deconvoluted most of the features suggested in bulk transcriptome analysis of pancreatic cancer. Among those subclusters, we identified a novel cancer cell subcluster, Ep_VGLL1, showing intermediate characteristics between the extremities of basal-like and classical dichotomy, despite its prognostic value. Molecular features of Ep_VGLL1 suggest its transitional properties between basal-like and classical subtypes, which is supported by spatial transcriptomic data. CONCLUSIONS This integrative analysis not only provides a comprehensive landscape of pancreatic cancer and fibroblast population, but also suggests a novel insight to the dynamic states of pancreatic cancer cells and unveils potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongryong Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Galam Leem
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suho Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Il Min
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Jo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seung Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jae Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Youp Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Young Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungmin Bang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Alavi M, Mejia-Bautista A, Tang M, Bandovic J, Rosenberg AZ, Bialkowska AB. Krüppel-like Factor 5 Plays an Important Role in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Pancreatitis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5427. [PMID: 38001687 PMCID: PMC10670257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis results in the formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and poses a risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Our previous study demonstrated that Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is necessary for forming acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) in acute pancreatitis. Here, we investigated the role of KLF5 in response to chronic injury in the pancreas. Human tissues originating from chronic pancreatitis patients showed increased levels of epithelial KLF5. An inducible genetic model combining the deletion of Klf5 and the activation of KrasG12D mutant expression in pancreatic acinar cells together with chemically induced chronic pancreatitis was used. The chronic injury resulted in increased levels of KLF5 in both control and KrasG12D mutant mice. Furthermore, it led to numerous ADM and PanIN lesions and extensive fibrosis in the KRAS mutant mice. In contrast, pancreata with Klf5 loss (with or without KrasG12D) failed to develop ADM, PanIN, or significant fibrosis. Furthermore, the deletion of Klf5 reduced the expression level of cytokines and fibrotic components such as Il1b, Il6, Tnf, Tgfb1, Timp1, and Mmp9. Notably, using ChIP-PCR, we showed that KLF5 binds directly to the promoters of Il1b, Il6, and Tgfb1 genes. In summary, the inactivation of Klf5 inhibits ADM and PanIN formation and the development of pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alavi
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
| | - Ana Mejia-Bautista
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
| | - Meiyi Tang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
| | - Jela Bandovic
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Avi Z. Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21217, USA;
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
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4
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Fan H, Wu J, Yang K, Xiong C, Xiong S, Wu X, Fang Z, Zhu J, Huang J. Dietary regulation of intestinal stem cells in health and disease. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:730-745. [PMID: 37758199 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2262780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Diet is a critical regulator for physiological metabolism and tissue homeostasis, with a close relation to health and disease. As an important organ for digestion and absorption, the intestine comes into direct contact with many dietary components. The rapid renewal of its mucosal epithelium depends on the continuous proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The function and metabolism of ISCs can be controlled by a variety of dietary patterns including calorie restriction, fasting, high-fat, ketogenic, and high-sugar diets, as well as different nutrients including vitamins, amino acids, dietary fibre, and probiotics. Therefore, dietary interventions targeting ISCs may make it possible to prevent and treat intestinal disorders such as colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and radiation enteritis. This review summarised recent research on the role and mechanism of diet in regulating ISCs, and discussed the potential of dietary modulation for intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Fan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaoyi Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Siyi Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingwu Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jialyu Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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5
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Clevenger MH, Karami AL, Carlson DA, Kahrilas PJ, Gonsalves N, Pandolfino JE, Winter DR, Whelan KA, Tétreault MP. Suprabasal cells retain progenitor cell identity programs in eosinophilic esophagitis-driven basal cell hyperplasia. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171765. [PMID: 37672481 PMCID: PMC10619442 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an esophageal immune-mediated disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and epithelial remodeling, including basal cell hyperplasia (BCH). Although BCH is known to correlate with disease severity and with persistent symptoms in patients in histological remission, the molecular processes driving BCH remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that BCH is predominantly characterized by an expansion of nonproliferative suprabasal cells that are still committed to early differentiation. Furthermore, we discovered that suprabasal and superficial esophageal epithelial cells retain progenitor identity programs in EoE, evidenced by increased quiescent cell identity scoring and the enrichment of signaling pathways regulating stem cell pluripotency. Enrichment and trajectory analyses identified SOX2 and KLF5 as potential drivers of the increased quiescent identity and epithelial remodeling observed in EoE. Notably, these alterations were not observed in gastroesophageal reflux disease. These findings provide additional insights into the differentiation process in EoE and highlight the distinct characteristics of suprabasal and superficial esophageal epithelial cells in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarette H. Clevenger
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam L. Karami
- Department of Cancer & Cellular Biology, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dustin A. Carlson
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter J. Kahrilas
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nirmala Gonsalves
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John E. Pandolfino
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deborah R. Winter
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Department of Cancer & Cellular Biology, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marie-Pier Tétreault
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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6
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Yu L, Qi S, Wei G, Rao X, Luo D, Zou M, Mi Y, Zhang C, Li J. Krüppel-like factor 5 activates chick intestinal stem cell and promotes mucosal repair after impairment. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2142-2160. [PMID: 37950881 PMCID: PMC10732631 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2278938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal renewal, which depends on the intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity, is the foundation of mucosal repairment. Importantly, activation of reserve ISCs (rISCs) plays a vital role in initiating mucosal repair after injury. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of rISCs activation in chickens remains unclear. In this study, immediately after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, mitochondrial morphological destruction and dysfunction appeared in the crypt, accompanied by decreased epithelial secretion (decreased Muc2 mRNA abundance and LYSOZYME protein level). However, immediately after mucosal injury, the mucosal renewal accelerated, as indicated by the increased BrdU positive rate, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein level and mRNA abundance of cell cycle markers (Ccnd1, Cdk2). Concerning the ISCs activity, during the early period of injury, there appeared a reduction of active ISCs (aISCs) marker Lgr5 mRNA and protein, and an increasing of rISCs marker Hopx mRNA and protein. Strikingly, upon LPS challenge, increased mRNA transcriptional level of Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) was detected in the crypt. Moreover, under LPS treatment in organoids, the KLF5 inhibitor (ML264) would decrease the mRNA and protein levels of Stat5a and Hopx, the STAT5A inhibitor (AC-4-130) would suppress the Lgr5 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the Dual-Luciferase Reporter assay confirmed that, KLF5 would bind to Hopx promoter and activate the rISCs, STAT5A would trigger Lgr5 promoter and activate the aISCs. Collectively, KLF5 was upregulated during the early period of injury, further activate the rISCs directly and activate aISCs via STAT5A indirectly, thus initiate mucosal repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sichao Qi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, P.R. China
| | - Guozhen Wei
- Qingliu Animal Husbandry, Veterinary and Aquatic Products Center, Sanming, P.R. China
| | - Xi Rao
- Qingliu Animal Husbandry, Veterinary and Aquatic Products Center, Sanming, P.R. China
| | - Danni Luo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Minyao Zou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Mi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Caiqiao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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7
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Kobayashi S, Sullivan C, Bialkowska AB, Saltz JH, Yang VW. Computational immunohistochemical mapping adds immune context to histological phenotypes in mouse models of colitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14386. [PMID: 37658187 PMCID: PMC10474139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic, dysregulated inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The heterogeneity of IBD is reflected through two major subtypes, Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). CD and UC differ across symptomatic presentation, histology, immune responses, and treatment. While colitis mouse models have been influential in deciphering IBD pathogenesis, no single model captures the full heterogeneity of clinical disease. The translational capacity of mouse models may be augmented by shifting to multi-mouse model studies that aggregate analysis across various well-controlled phenotypes. Here, we evaluate the value of histology in multi-mouse model characterizations by building upon a previous pipeline that detects histological disease classes in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained murine colons. Specifically, we map immune marker positivity across serially-sectioned slides to H&E histological classes across the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) chemical induction model and the intestinal epithelium-specific, inducible Villin-CreERT2;Klf5fl/fl (Klf5ΔIND) genetic model. In this study, we construct the beginning frameworks to define H&E-patch-based immunophenotypes based on IHC-H&E mappings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Joel H Saltz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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8
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Rüland L, Andreatta F, Massalini S, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S, Clevers H, Hendriks D, Artegiani B. Organoid models of fibrolamellar carcinoma mutations reveal hepatocyte transdifferentiation through cooperative BAP1 and PRKAR2A loss. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2377. [PMID: 37137901 PMCID: PMC10156813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a lethal primary liver cancer, affecting young patients in absence of chronic liver disease. Molecular understanding of FLC tumorigenesis is limited, partly due to the scarcity of experimental models. Here, we CRISPR-engineer human hepatocyte organoids to recreate different FLC backgrounds, including the predominant genetic alteration, the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion, as well as a recently reported background of FLC-like tumors, encompassing inactivating mutations of BAP1 and PRKAR2A. Phenotypic characterizations and comparisons with primary FLC tumor samples revealed mutant organoid-tumor similarities. All FLC mutations caused hepatocyte dedifferentiation, yet only combined loss of BAP1 and PRKAR2A resulted in hepatocyte transdifferentiation into liver ductal/progenitor-like cells that could exclusively grow in a ductal cell environment. BAP1-mutant hepatocytes represent primed cells attempting to proliferate in this cAMP-stimulating environment, but require concomitant PRKAR2A loss to overcome cell cycle arrest. In all analyses, DNAJB1-PRKACAfus organoids presented with milder phenotypes, suggesting differences between FLC genetic backgrounds, or for example the need for additional mutations, interactions with niche cells, or a different cell-of-origin. These engineered human organoid models facilitate the study of FLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rüland
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Simone Massalini
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans Clevers
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pharma, Research and Early Development (pRED) of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Delilah Hendriks
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Benedetta Artegiani
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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9
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Lee E, Cheung J, Bialkowska AB. Krüppel-like Factors 4 and 5 in Colorectal Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092430. [PMID: 37173904 PMCID: PMC10177156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are transcription factors regulating various biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, and homeostasis. Importantly, they participate in disease development and progression. KLFs are expressed in multiple tissues, and their role is tissue- and context-dependent. KLF4 and KLF5 are two fascinating members of this family that regulate crucial stages of cellular identity from embryogenesis through differentiation and, finally, during tumorigenesis. They maintain homeostasis of various tissues and regulate inflammation, response to injury, regeneration, and development and progression of multiple cancers such as colorectal, breast, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and prostate, to name a few. Recent studies broaden our understanding of their function and demonstrate their opposing roles in regulating gene expression, cellular function, and tumorigenesis. This review will focus on the roles KLF4 and KLF5 play in colorectal cancer. Understanding the context-dependent functions of KLF4 and KLF5 and the mechanisms through which they exert their effects will be extremely helpful in developing targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lee
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jacky Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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10
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Clevenger MH, Karami AL, Carlson DA, Kahrilas PJ, Gonsalves N, Pandolfino JE, Winter DR, Whelan KA, Tétreault MP. Suprabasal cells retaining stem cell identity programs drive basal cell hyperplasia in eosinophilic esophagitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.20.537495. [PMID: 37131652 PMCID: PMC10153277 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.537495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an esophageal immune-mediated disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and epithelial remodeling, including basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) and loss of differentiation. Although BCH correlates with disease severity and with persistent symptoms in patients in histological remission, the molecular processes driving BCH remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that despite the presence of BCH in all EoE patients examined, no increase in basal cell proportion was observed by scRNA-seq. Instead, EoE patients exhibited a reduced pool of KRT15+ COL17A1+ quiescent cells, a modest increase in KI67+ dividing epibasal cells, a substantial increase in KRT13+ IVL+ suprabasal cells, and a loss of differentiated identity in superficial cells. Suprabasal and superficial cell populations demonstrated increased quiescent cell identity scoring in EoE with the enrichment of signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells. However, this was not paired with increased proliferation. Enrichment and trajectory analyses identified SOX2 and KLF5 as potential drivers of the increased quiescent identity and epithelial remodeling observed in EoE. Notably, these findings were not observed in GERD. Thus, our study demonstrates that BCH in EoE results from an expansion of non-proliferative cells that retain stem-like transcriptional programs while remaining committed to early differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarette H. Clevenger
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Adam L. Karami
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dustin A. Carlson
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Peter J. Kahrilas
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Nirmala Gonsalves
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - John E. Pandolfino
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Deborah R. Winter
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie-Pier Tétreault
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
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11
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Inhibiting Intestinal Krüppel-Like Factor 5 Impairs the Beneficial Role of Renal Denervation in Gut Microbiota in Rats with Heart Failure. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0218322. [PMID: 36135378 PMCID: PMC9603959 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02183-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is critical in maintaining intestinal barrier function, and renal denervation (RDN) mitigates gut microbiota aberrations in rats with heart failure (HF). It is unclear whether intestinal KLF5 can be regulated by RDN and whether inhibiting intestinal KLF5 weakens the beneficial role of RDN on gut microbiota. Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into a CG (sham transverse aortic constriction [TAC] and sham RDN), HF (induced by TAC), or RDN (underwent RDN after TAC) group or a CG.M, HF.M, or RDN.M group, which included the administration of the KLF5 inhibitor to the CG, HF, or RDN group, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy, mRNA, and protein expression of KLF5 and desmoglein 2 (DSG2) in jejunum and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in fecal samples were evaluated. KLF5 expression was lower in the RDN group than in the HF group (P < 0.001). The microvillus length, density, length-to-width ratio, and DSG2 expression were lower in the RDN.M group than in the RDN group, and the same trend was observed between the HF.M and HF groups (all P < 0.05). The gut bacterial community structure was altered after administration of a KLF5 inhibitor. The abundances of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Sutterella, and Prevotellaceae were higher, and the abundance of Firmicutes was lower in the RDN.M group than in the RDN group (all P < 0.05). These findings indicated that RDN suppressed intestinal KLF5 expression, and inhibiting intestinal KLF5 expression exacerbated the gut microbiota by impairing the intestinal barrier function in HF rats following RDN, which weakened the beneficial role of RDN on gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is critical for the maintenance of intestinal barrier function. It is unclear whether intestinal KLF5 expression can be affected by renal denervation (RDN) in heart failure (HF) and whether inhibiting intestinal KLF5 expression exacerbates the gut microbiome and weakens the role of RDN in mitigating gut microbiome aberrations in HF rats after RDN. We demonstrated that RDN significantly suppressed intestinal KLF5 expression and that inhibiting intestinal expression of KLF5 exacerbated the gut microbiota and weakened the role of RDN in mitigating microbiota aberrations by impairing intestinal barrier function, resulting in an increase in bacteria harmful to cardiac function and a decrease in beneficial bacteria in HF rats following RDN. This study highlighted the important roles of intestinal KLF5 in modulating gut microbiota in HF and suggested that the influence of RDN on intestinal KLF5 was another possible role of RDN in HF besides downregulating the sympathetic nerve.
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12
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Zheng L, Duan SL, Wen XL, Dai YC. Molecular regulation after mucosal injury and regeneration in ulcerative colitis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:996057. [PMID: 36310594 PMCID: PMC9606627 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.996057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease with a complex etiology. Intestinal mucosal injury is an important pathological change in individuals with UC. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5+) intestinal stem cells (ISCs) exhibit self-renewal and high differentiation potential and play important roles in the repair of intestinal mucosal injury. Moreover, LGR5+ ISCs are intricately regulated by both the Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways, which jointly maintain the function of LGR5+ ISCs. Combination therapy targeting multiple signaling pathways and transplantation of LGR5+ ISCs may lead to the development of new clinical therapies for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Cheng Dai,
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13
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Olar R, Maxim C, Badea M, Bacalum M, Raileanu M, Avram S, Korošin NČ, Burlanescu T, Rostas AM. Antiproliferative Copper(II) Complexes Bearing Mixed Chelating Ligands: Structural Characterization, ROS Scavenging, In Silico Studies, and Anti-Melanoma Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081692. [PMID: 36015318 PMCID: PMC9416163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a skin cancer characterized by rapid growth and spread for which current therapies produce both resistance and increased risk of infection. To develop new anti-melanoma biocompatible species, the series of complexes Cu(N-N)(bzac)(X)⋅nH2O (N-N: 1,10-phenanthroline/2,2′-bipyridine, Hbzac: 1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione, X: NO3/ClO4, and n = 0, 1) was studied. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a mononuclear structure for all complexes. The ability of the complexes to scavenge or trap reactive oxygen species such as O2⋅− and HO⋅ was proved by EPR spectroscopy experiments. All complexes inhibited B16 murine melanoma cells in a dose-dependent and nanomolar range, but the complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline were more active. Moreover, comparative activity on B16 and healthy BJ cells revealed a therapeutic index of 1.27–2.24. Bioinformatic methods were used to calculate the drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenomic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of the compounds. The results showed that all compounds exhibit drug-likeness features, as well as promising absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties, and no toxicity. The pharmacodynamics results showed that the neutral species appear to be good candidates for antitumor molecular targets (Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1, DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase or Kruppel-like factor 5). Furthermore, the pharmacogenomic results showed a good affinity of the copper(II) complexes for the human cytochrome. These results recommend complexes bearing 1,10-phenanthroline as good candidates for developing drugs to melanoma alternative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Olar
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Str., 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Catalin Maxim
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Str., 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Badea
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Str., 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Bacalum
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Life and Environmental Physics, 30 Reactorului Str., 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
| | - Mina Raileanu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Life and Environmental Physics, 30 Reactorului Str., 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Electricity, Solid State and Biophysics, University of Bucharest, 405A Atomiștilor Str., 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
| | - Speranta Avram
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, University of Bucharest, 91-95, Splaiul Independenței, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.O.); (S.A.)
| | - Nataša Čelan Korošin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Teodora Burlanescu
- Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructure Materials, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomiștilor Str., 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
| | - Arpad Mihai Rostas
- Laboratory of Atomic Structures and Defects in Advanced Materials, LASDAM, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomiștilor Str., 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
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14
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Orzechowska-Licari EJ, LaComb JF, Giarrizzo M, Yang VW, Bialkowska AB. Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64028. [PMID: 35969101 PMCID: PMC9631267 DOI: 10.3791/64028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium consists of a single layer of cells yet contains multiple types of terminally differentiated cells, which are generated by the active proliferation of intestinal stem cells located at the bottom of intestinal crypts. However, during events of acute intestinal injury, these active intestinal stem cells undergo cell death. Gamma irradiation is a widely used colorectal cancer treatment, which, while therapeutically efficacious, has the side effect of depleting the active stem cell pool. Indeed, patients frequently experience gastrointestinal radiation syndrome while undergoing radiotherapy, in part due to active stem cell depletion. The loss of active intestinal stem cells in intestinal crypts activates a pool of typically quiescent reserve intestinal stem cells and induces dedifferentiation of secretory and enterocyte precursor cells. If not for these cells, the intestinal epithelium would lack the ability to recover from radiotherapy and other such major tissue insults. New advances in lineage-tracing technologies allow tracking of the activation, differentiation, and migration of cells during regeneration and have been successfully employed for studying this in the gut. This study aims to depict a method for the analysis of cells within the mouse intestinal epithelium following radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph F LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University
| | - Michael Giarrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University
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15
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Liberti DC, Liberti Iii WA, Kremp MM, Penkala IJ, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Morley MP, Babu A, Zhou S, Fernandez Iii RJ, Morrisey EE. Klf5 defines alveolar epithelial type 1 cell lineage commitment during lung development and regeneration. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1742-1757.e5. [PMID: 35803279 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell fate decisions drive lung development and regeneration. Using transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling coupled with genetic mouse and organoid models, we identified the transcription factor Klf5 as an essential determinant of alveolar epithelial cell fate across the lifespan. We show that although dispensable for both adult alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) and alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cell homeostasis, Klf5 enforces AT1 cell lineage fidelity during development. Using infectious and non-infectious models of acute respiratory distress syndrome, we demonstrate that Klf5 represses AT2 cell proliferation and enhances AT2-AT1 cell differentiation in a spatially restricted manner during lung regeneration. Moreover, ex vivo organoid assays identify that Klf5 reduces AT2 cell sensitivity to inflammatory signaling to drive AT2-AT1 cell differentiation. These data define the roll of a major transcriptional regulator of AT1 cell lineage commitment and of the AT2 cell response to inflammatory crosstalk during lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Liberti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William A Liberti Iii
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Madison M Kremp
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian J Penkala
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fabian L Cardenas-Diaz
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Su Zhou
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rafael J Fernandez Iii
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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Hou Y, Sun X, Gheinani PT, Guan X, Sharma S, Zhou Y, Jin C, Yang Z, Naren AP, Yin J, Denning TL, Gewirtz AT, Liu Y, Xie Z, Li C. Epithelial SMYD5 Exaggerates IBD by Down-regulating Mitochondrial Functions via Post-Translational Control of PGC-1α Stability. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:375-403. [PMID: 35643234 PMCID: PMC9249919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The expression and role of methyltransferase SET and MYND domain-containing protein 5 (SMYD5) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is completely unknown. Here, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of epithelial SMYD5 in IBD pathogenesis and progression. METHODS The expression levels of SMYD5 and the mitochondrial transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) were examined by Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and in colon tissues from human IBD patients and colitic mice. Mice with Smyd5 conditional knockout in IECs and littermate controls were subjected to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and the disease severity was assessed. SMYD5-regulated mitochondrial biogenesis was examined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and transmission electron microscopy, and the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate was measured in a Seahorse Analyzer system (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA). SMYD5 and PGC-1α interaction was determined by co-immunoprecipitation assay. PGC-1α degradation and turnover (half-life) were analyzed by cycloheximide chase assay. SMYD5-mediated PGC-1α methylation was assessed via in vitro methylation assay followed by mass spectrometry for identification of methylated lysine residues. RESULTS Up-regulated SMYD5 and down-regulated PGC-1α were observed in intestinal epithelia from IBD patients and colitic mice. Smyd5 depletion in IECs protected mice from dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. SMYD5 was critically involved in regulating mitochondrial biology such as mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration, and apoptosis. Mechanistically, SMYD5 regulates mitochondrial functions in a PGC-1α-dependent manner. Furthermore, SMYD5 mediates lysine methylation of PGC-1α and subsequently facilitates its ubiquitination and degradation. CONCLUSIONS SMYD5 attenuates mitochondrial functions in IECs and promotes IBD progression by enhancing PGC-1α degradation in a methylation-dependent manner. Strategies to decrease SMYD5 expression and/or increase PGC-1α expression in IECs might be a promising therapeutic approach to treat IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Hou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Xiaoqing Guan
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shaligram Sharma
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yu Zhou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengliu Jin
- Transgenic and Gene Targeting Core, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jun Yin
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuan Liu
- Program of Immunology and Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chunying Li
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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17
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Shieh J, Chu TH, Liu Y, Kim J, Ruiz de Sabando A, Kobayashi S, Zee SY, Sheridan BS, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. KLF5 protects the intestinal epithelium against Th17 immune response in a murine colitis model. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153488. [PMID: 35393949 PMCID: PMC9057631 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic illness characterized by dysregulated immune cascades in the intestines, in which the Th17 immune response plays an important role. We demonstrated that mice with intestinal epithelium–specific deletion of Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) developed Th17-dependent colonic inflammation. In the absence of KLF5, there was aberrant cellular localization of phosphorylated STAT3, an essential mediator of the Th17-associated cytokine, IL-22, which is required for epithelial tissue regeneration. In contrast, mitigation of IL-17A with anti–IL-17A neutralizing antibody attenuated colitis in Klf5-deficient mice. There was also a considerable shift in the colonic microbiota of Klf5-deficient mice that phenocopied human IBD. Notably, the inflammatory response due to Klf5 deletion was alleviated by antibiotic treatment, implicating the role of microbiota in pathogenesis. Finally, human colitic tissues had reduced KLF5 levels when compared with healthy tissues. Together, these findings demonstrated the importance of KLF5 in protecting the intestinal epithelium against Th17-mediated immune and inflammatory responses. The mice described herein may serve as a potential model for human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Soma Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | | | | | | | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Biomedical Informatics.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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18
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Takeda T, Yokoyama Y, Takahashi H, Okuzaki D, Asai K, Itakura H, Miyoshi N, Kobayashi S, Uemura M, Fujita T, Ueno H, Mori M, Doki Y, Fujii H, Eguchi H, Yamamoto H. A stem cell marker KLF5 regulates CCAT1 via three-dimensional genome structure in colorectal cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:109-119. [PMID: 34707247 PMCID: PMC8727571 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KLF5 plays a crucial role in stem cells of colorectum in cooperation with Lgr5 gene. In this study, we aimed to explicate a regulatory mechanism of the KLF5 gene product from a view of three-dimensional genome structure in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS In vitro engineered DNA-binding molecule-mediated chromatin immunoprecipitation (enChIP)-seq method was used to identify the regions that bind to the KLF5 promoter. RESULTS We revealed that the KLF5 promoter region interacted with the KLF5 enhancer region as well as the transcription start site (TSS) region of the Colon Cancer Associated Transcript 1 (CCAT1) gene. Notably, the heterodeletion mutants of KLF5 enhancer impaired the cancer stem-like properties of CRC cells. The KLF5 protein participated in the core-regulatory circuitry together with co-factors (BRD4, MED1, and RAD21), which constructs the three-dimensional genome structures consisting of KLF5 promoter, enhancer and CCAT1 TSS region. In vitro analysis indicated that KLF5 regulated CCAT1 expression and we found that CCAT1 expression was highly correlated with KLF5 expression in CRC clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS Our data propose the mechanistic insight that the KLF5 protein constructs the core-regulatory circuitry with co-factors in the three-dimensional genome structure and coordinately regulates KLF5 and CCAT1 expression in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuhki Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaho Asai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itakura
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshitsugu Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ueno
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hodaka Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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19
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Mahurkar-Joshi S, Rankin CR, Videlock EJ, Soroosh A, Verma A, Khandadash A, Iliopoulos D, Pothoulakis C, Mayer EA, Chang L. The Colonic Mucosal MicroRNAs, MicroRNA-219a-5p, and MicroRNA-338-3p Are Downregulated in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Are Associated With Barrier Function and MAPK Signaling. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:2409-2422.e19. [PMID: 33617890 PMCID: PMC8169529 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) and in the intestinal barrier are putative risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aimed to identify differentially expressed colonic mucosal miRNAs, their targets in IBS compared to healthy controls (HCs), and putative downstream pathways. METHODS Twenty-nine IBS patients (15 IBS with constipation [IBS-C], 14 IBS with diarrhea [IBS-D]), and 15 age-matched HCs underwent sigmoidoscopy with biopsies. A nCounter array was used to assess biopsy specimen-associated miRNA levels. A false discovery rate (FDR) < 10% was considered significant. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to validate differentially expressed genes. To assess barrier function, trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and dextran flux assays were performed on Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells that were transfected with miRNA-inhibitors or control inhibitors. Protein expression of barrier function associated genes was confirmed using western blots. RESULTS Four out of 247 miRNAs tested were differentially expressed in IBS compared to HCs (FDR < 10%). Real-time PCR validation suggested decreased levels of miR-219a-5p and miR-338-3p in IBS (P = .026 and P = .004), and IBS-C (P = .02 and P = .06) vs. HCs as the strongest associations. Inhibition of miR-219a-5p resulted in altered expression of proteasome/barrier function genes. Functionally, miR-219a-5p inhibition enhanced the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells as TEER was reduced (25-50%, P < .05) and dextran flux was increased (P < .01). Additionally, inhibition of miR-338-3p in cells caused alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway genes. CONCLUSION Two microRNAs that potentially affect permeability and visceral nociception were identified to be altered in IBS patients. MiR-219a-5p and miR-338-3p potentially alter barrier function and visceral hypersensitivity via neuronal and MAPK signaling and could be therapeutic targets in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Mahurkar-Joshi
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Carl Robert Rankin
- UCLA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Elizabeth Jane Videlock
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Artin Soroosh
- UCLA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Abhishek Verma
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Ariela Khandadash
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- UCLA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- UCLA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Lin Chang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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20
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Luo Y, Chen C. The roles and regulation of the KLF5 transcription factor in cancers. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2097-2117. [PMID: 33811715 PMCID: PMC8177779 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5) is a member of the KLF family. Recent studies have suggested that KLF5 regulates the expression of a large number of new target genes and participates in diverse cellular functions, such as stemness, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and migration. In response to multiple signaling pathways, various transcriptional modulation and posttranslational modifications affect the expression level and activity of KLF5. Several transgenic mouse models have revealed the physiological and pathological functions of KLF5 in different cancers. Studies of KLF5 will provide prognostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and potential drugs for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Luo
- Medical Faculty of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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21
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Li J, Liu L, Zhou W, Cai L, Xu Z, Rane MJ. Roles of Krüppel-like factor 5 in kidney disease. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2342-2355. [PMID: 33523554 PMCID: PMC7933973 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a member of the Krüppel-like factors' (KLFs) family. KLF5 regulates a number of cellular functions, such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, KLF5 can play a role in many diseases, including, cancer, cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal disorders. An important role for KLF5 in the kidney was recently reported, such that KLF5 regulated podocyte apoptosis, renal cell proliferation, tubulointerstitial inflammation and renal fibrosis. In this review, we have summarized the available information in the literature with a brief description on how transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of KLF5 modulate its function in a variety of organs including the kidney with a focus of its importance on the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases. Furthermore, we also have outlined the current and possible mechanisms of KLF5 activation in kidney diseases. These studies suggest a need for more systemic investigations, particularly for generation of animal models with renal cell-specific deletion or overexpression of KLF5 gene to examine direct contributions of KLF5 to various kidney diseases. This will promote further experimentation in the development of therapies to prevent or treat various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of RadiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Wen‐Qian Zhou
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- The Center of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Zhong‐Gao Xu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Madhavi J. Rane
- Department of MedicineDivision of NephrologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
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22
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Serrano Martinez P, Giuranno L, Vooijs M, Coppes RP. The Radiation-Induced Regenerative Response of Adult Tissue-Specific Stem Cells: Models and Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040855. [PMID: 33670536 PMCID: PMC7921940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is involved in the treatment of many cancers, but damage induced to the surrounding normal tissue is often inevitable. Evidence suggests that the maintenance of homeostasis and regeneration of the normal tissue is driven by specific adult tissue stem/progenitor cells. These tasks involve the input from several signaling pathways. Irradiation also targets these stem/progenitor cells, triggering a cellular response aimed at achieving tissue regeneration. Here we discuss the currently used in vitro and in vivo models and the involved specific tissue stem/progenitor cell signaling pathways to study the response to irradiation. The combination of the use of complex in vitro models that offer high in vivo resemblance and lineage tracing models, which address organ complexity constitute potential tools for the study of the stem/progenitor cellular response post-irradiation. The Notch, Wnt, Hippo, Hedgehog, and autophagy signaling pathways have been found as crucial for driving stem/progenitor radiation-induced tissue regeneration. We review how these signaling pathways drive the response of solid tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells to radiotherapy and the used models to address this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Serrano Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems-Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Giuranno
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Robert P. Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems-Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (R.P.C.)
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23
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Katano T, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. KLF4 Regulates Goblet Cell Differentiation in BMI1 + Reserve Intestinal Stem Cell Lineage during Homeostasis. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:424-431. [PMID: 32840226 PMCID: PMC7691855 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc-finger transcription factor, expressed in villus cells of the intestinal epithelium, that promotes cellular differentiation and tissue homeostasis. Previous studies suggest that BMI1+ cells represent secretory progenitors with reserve intestinal stem cell (rISC) activity. However, it has not been elucidated how KLF4 contributes to crypt regeneration originated from BMI1+ rISC lineage during homeostasis. In this study, Bmi1-CreER;Rosa26eYFP (Bmi1Ctrl) and Bmi1-CreER;Rosa26eYFP;Klf4fl/fl (Bmi1ΔKlf4) mice were injected with tamoxifen to label BMI1+ cells and their lineage and to delete Klf4. During homeostasis, MUC2+ goblet cells appeared in the BMI1+ cell lineage 2, 3 and 7 days after tamoxifen administration. After Klf4 deletion in BMI1+ cells, the number of KLF4+ and MUC2+ cells in eYFP+ cells decreased in Bmi1ΔKlf4 mice compared with Bmi1Ctrl mice. Thus, KLF4 was positively correlated with goblet cell differentiation in BMI1+ cell derived lineage. In ex-vivo analysis, organoids derived from single eYFP+ cells of Bmi1Ctrl mice contained MUC2-expressing cells that co-expressed KLF4. On the other hand, organoids derived from Klf4-deleted eYFP+ cells from Bmi1ΔKlf4 mice showed reduced number of MUC2-expressing cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that KLF4 regulates goblet cell differentiation in BMI1+ ISC-derived lineage during homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Katano
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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24
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Orzechowska EJ, Katano T, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. Interplay among p21 Waf1/Cip1, MUSASHI-1 and Krüppel-like factor 4 in activation of Bmi1-Cre ER reserve intestinal stem cells after gamma radiation-induced injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18300. [PMID: 33110120 PMCID: PMC7591575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma radiation is a commonly used adjuvant treatment for abdominally localized cancer. Since its therapeutic potential is limited due to gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome, elucidation of the regenerative response following radiation-induced gut injury is needed to develop a preventive treatment. Previously, we showed that Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) activates certain quiescent intestinal stem cells (ISCs) marked by Bmi1-CreER to give rise to regenerating crypts following γ irradiation. In the current study, we showed that γ radiation-induced expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 in Bmi1-CreER cells is likely mitigated by MUSASHI-1 (MSI1) acting as a negative regulator of p21Waf1/Cip1 mRNA translation, which promotes exit of the Bmi1-CreER cells from a quiescent state. Additionally, Bmi1-specific Klf4 deletion resulted in decreased numbers of MSI1+ cells in regenerating crypts compared to those of control mice. We showed that KLF4 binds to the Msi1 promoter and activates its expression in vitro. Since MSI1 has been shown to be crucial for crypt regeneration, this finding elucidates a pro-proliferative role of KLF4 during the postirradiation regenerative response. Taken together, our data suggest that the interplay among p21Waf1/Cip1, MSI1 and KLF4 regulates Bmi1-CreER cell survival, exit from quiescence and regenerative potential upon γ radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia J Orzechowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Takahito Katano
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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25
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Verzi MP, Shivdasani RA. Epigenetic regulation of intestinal stem cell differentiation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G189-G196. [PMID: 32628072 PMCID: PMC7500269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00084.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To fulfill the lifelong need to supply diverse epithelial cells, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) rely on executing accurate transcriptional programs. This review addresses the mechanisms that control those programs. Genes that define cell behaviors and identities are regulated principally through thousands of dispersed enhancers, each individually <1 kb long and positioned from a few to hundreds of kilobases away from transcription start sites, upstream or downstream from coding genes or within introns. Wnt, Notch, and other epithelial control signals feed into these cis-regulatory DNA elements, which are also common loci of polymorphisms and mutations that confer disease risk. Cell-specific gene activity requires promoters to interact with the correct combination of signal-responsive enhancers. We review the current state of knowledge in ISCs regarding active enhancers, the nucleosome modifications that may enable appropriate and hinder inappropriate enhancer-promoter contacts, and the roles of lineage-restricted transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Verzi
- 1Department of Genetics, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey,2Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ramesh A. Shivdasani
- 3Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts,4Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,5Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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26
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Shan TD, Tian ZB, Li Q, Jiang YP, Liu FG, Sun XG, Han Y, Sun LJ, Chen L. Long intergenic noncoding RNA 00908 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells by regulating KLF5 expression. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:889-899. [PMID: 33020901 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) play a vital role in the occurrence and progression of cancer. The mechanism of lincRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. In this context, an integrated comparative long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) microarray technology was used to determine the expression profile of lncRNAs in CRC. The roles of LINC00908 are unclear. We found that LINC00908 was significantly upregulated in CRC. Inhibition of LINC00908 resulted in reduced cell proliferation and G1 cell cycle arrest, which was mediated by cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma. Moreover, inhibition of LINC00908-induced apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway, as shown by the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Mechanistically, miR-143-3p directly bound to LINC00908. miR-143-3p expression was negatively correlated with LINC00908 expression in CRC tissue. Functional experiments revealed opposing roles for miR-143-3p and LINC00908, suggesting that LINC00908 negatively regulates miR-143-3p. Mechanistically, miR-143-3p directly targets LINC00908. The KLF5 inhibitor ML264 affected proliferation and apoptosis, indicating that LINC00908 may act as a competing endogenous RNA to facilitate the expression of the miR-143-3p target gene KLF5. Thus, LINC00908 has an important proliferative and antiapoptotic role in CRC by regulating the cell cycle and intrinsic apoptosis. LINC00908 could be a potential biomarker and a new therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Dong Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zi-Bin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue-Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu-Guo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue-Guo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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27
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Goswami S, Gao N. KLF5 Governs Stemness in the Adult Intestinal Stem Cell Niche. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 9:705-706. [PMID: 31935352 PMCID: PMC7212468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nan Gao
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Nan Gao, PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Avenue, Boyden Hall Suite 206, Newark, New Jersey 07102.
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