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Zhang F, McGuire K, Skeeters M, Barbara M, Chang PF, Zhang N, Xiang J, Huang B. Cognitive Functions and Subjective Hearing in Cochlear Implant Users. J Audiol Otol 2024; 28:176-185. [PMID: 38685833 PMCID: PMC11273187 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2023.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A cochlear implant (CI) is an effective prosthetic device used to treat severe-to-profound hearing loss. The present study examined cognitive function in CI users by employing a web-based cognitive testing platform, i.e., BrainCheck, and explored the correlation between cognitive function and subjective evaluation of hearing. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-two CI users (mean age: 58.90 years) were surveyed in the subjective evaluation of hearing, and 20/42 participated in the BrainCheck cognitive tests (immediate recognition, Trail Making A, Trail Making B, Stroop, digit symbol substitution, and delayed recognition). As controls for cognitive function, young normal-hearing (YNH, mean age=23.83 years) and older normal-hearing (ONH, mean age=52.67 years) listener groups were subjected to Brain-Check testing. RESULTS CI users exhibited poorer cognitive function than the normal hearing groups in all tasks except for immediate and delayed recognition. The highest percentage of CI users who had "possible" and "likely" cognitive impairment, based on BrainCheck scores (ranging from 0-200), was observed in tests assessing executive function. The composite cognitive score across domains tended to be related to subjective hearing (p=0.07). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study suggest that CI users had a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment in the executive function domain than in lower-level domains. BrianCheck online cognitive testing affords a convenient and effective tool to self-evaluate cognitive function in CI users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawen Zhang
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelli McGuire
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Madeline Skeeters
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Barbara
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Pamara F. Chang
- Department of Information & Logistics Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nanhua Zhang
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jing Xiang
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Bigras J, Lagacé J, El Mawazini A, Lessard-Dostie H. Interventions for School-Aged Children with Auditory Processing Disorder: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1161. [PMID: 38921276 PMCID: PMC11203214 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Auditory processing (AP) disorder is associated with learning difficulties and poses challenges to school-aged children in their daily activities. This scoping review identifies interventions and provides audiologists with protocol insights and outcome measures. (2) Methods: A systematic search of both peer-reviewed and grey literature (January 2006 to August 2023) covered ten databases. Studies included had the following characteristics: (i) published in French or English; (ii) participants were school-aged, and had a normal audiogram, AP difficulties or disorder, and no cognitive, developmental, congenital or neurological disorder (with the exception of learning, attention, and language disabilities); (iii) were intervention studies or systematic reviews. (3) Results: Forty-two studies were included, and they predominantly featured auditory training (AT), addressing spatial processing, dichotic listening, temporal processing and listening to speech in noise. Some interventions included cognitive or language training, assistive devices or hearing aids. Outcome measures listed included electrophysiological, AP, cognitive and language measures and questionnaires addressed to parents, teachers or the participants. (4) Conclusions: Most interventions focused on bottom-up approaches, particularly AT. A limited number of top-down approaches were observed. The compiled tools underscore the need for research on metric responsiveness and point to the inadequate consideration given to understanding how children perceive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacynthe Bigras
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (J.L.); (A.E.M.); (H.L.-D.)
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3
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Denys S, Barry J, Moore DR, Verhaert N, van Wieringen A. A Multi-Sample Comparison and Rasch Analysis of the Evaluation of Children's Listening and Processing Skills Questionnaire. Ear Hear 2024:00003446-990000000-00291. [PMID: 38825739 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessing listening difficulties and associated complaints can be challenging. Often, measures of peripheral auditory functions are within normal ranges, making clinicians feel unsure about proper management strategies. The range and nature of observed or experienced difficulties might be better captured using a qualitative measure. The Evaluation of Children's Listening and Processing Skills (ECLiPS) questionnaire was designed to broadly profile the auditory and cognitive problems often present in children with listening difficulties. This 38-item questionnaire was initially standardized in British children aged 6 to 11 years, was subsequently modified for use with North-American children, and was recently translated into Flemish-Dutch. This study aimed to compare typical scores of the Flemish version with the UK and US versions, and to evaluate and compare its psychometric quality based on Rasch analysis. DESIGN We selected 112 Flemish children aged 6 to 11 years with verified normal hearing and typical development, and asked two caregivers of every child to fill out the ECLiPS. Data from two comparator samples were analyzed, including responses for 71 North-American children and 650 British children. Typical values for ECLiPS factors and aggregates were determined as a function of age and gender, and meaningful differences across samples were analyzed. Rasch analyses were performed to evaluate whether ECLiPS response categories work as intended, and whether item scores fit a linear equal interval measurement scale that works the same way for everyone. Item and person metrics were derived, including separation and reliability indices. We investigated whether items function similarly across linguistically and culturally different samples. RESULTS ECLiPS scores were relatively invariant to age. Girls obtained higher scores compared with boys, mainly for items related to memory and attention, and pragmatic and social skills. Across ECLiPS versions, the most pronounced differences were found for items probing social skills. With respect to its psychometric quality, ECLiPS response categories work as intended, and ECLiPS items were found to fit the Rasch measurement scale. Cultural differences in responses were noted for some items, belonging to different factors. Item separation and reliability indices generally pointed toward sufficient variation in item difficulty. In general, person separation (and reliability) metrics, quantifying the instrument's ability to distinguish between poor and strong performers (in a reproducible manner), were low. This is expected from samples of typically developing children with homogeneous and high levels of listening ability. CONCLUSIONS Across the languages assessed here, the ECLiPS caregiver questionnaire was verified to be a psychometrically valid qualitative measure to assess listening and processing skills, which can be used to support the assessment and management of elementary school children referred with LiD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Denys
- University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Otorhinolaryngology (ExpORL), Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals of Leuven, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Multidisciplinary University Center for Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johanna Barry
- Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David R Moore
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Verhaert
- University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Otorhinolaryngology (ExpORL), Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals of Leuven, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Multidisciplinary University Center for Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Astrid van Wieringen
- University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Otorhinolaryngology (ExpORL), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Kalnak N, Nakeva von Mentzer C. Listening and Processing Skills in Young School Children with a History of Developmental Phonological Disorder. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:359. [PMID: 38338244 PMCID: PMC10855919 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of longitudinal studies on the broad-based outcomes in children with Developmental Phonological Disorder (DPD). The aim of this study was to investigate listening and processing skills in a clinical sample of 7-to-10-year-old children diagnosed with DPD in their preschool years and compare these to same-aged typically developing (TD) children. The Evaluation of Children's Listening and Processing Skills (ECLiPS) was completed by parents of 115 children with DPD and by parents of 46 TD children. The total ECLiPS mean score, and the five subscale mean scores, the proportion of children with clinically significant difficulties (≤10th percentile), and the proportion of children with co-occurrence of clinically significant difficulties on more than one subscale, were calculated. Results showed that the ECLiPS mean scores did not differ between the groups. There was no difference between groups regarding language and literacy, but a higher proportion of children with DPD than TD had difficulties in the total score, speech, and auditory processing, environmental and auditory sensitivity, and pragmatic and social skills. In addition, 33.9% of children with DPD had clinically significant difficulties in two or more subscales compared to 10.9% of TD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Kalnak
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Helsingborg Hospital, 251 87 Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Nakeva von Mentzer
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- SpecEDL—Special Education, Development and Learning, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Disability Research, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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Pérez-González D, Lao-Rodríguez AB, Aedo-Sánchez C, Malmierca MS. Acetylcholine modulates the precision of prediction error in the auditory cortex. eLife 2024; 12:RP91475. [PMID: 38241174 PMCID: PMC10942646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental property of sensory systems is their ability to detect novel stimuli in the ambient environment. The auditory brain contains neurons that decrease their response to repetitive sounds but increase their firing rate to novel or deviant stimuli; the difference between both responses is known as stimulus-specific adaptation or neuronal mismatch (nMM). Here, we tested the effect of microiontophoretic applications of ACh on the neuronal responses in the auditory cortex (AC) of anesthetized rats during an auditory oddball paradigm, including cascade controls. Results indicate that ACh modulates the nMM, affecting prediction error responses but not repetition suppression, and this effect is manifested predominantly in infragranular cortical layers. The differential effect of ACh on responses to standards, relative to deviants (in terms of averages and variances), was consistent with the representational sharpening that accompanies an increase in the precision of prediction errors. These findings suggest that ACh plays an important role in modulating prediction error signaling in the AC and gating the access of these signals to higher cognitive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-González
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Behavioural Science Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Ciudad Jardín, University of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Ana Belén Lao-Rodríguez
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
| | - Cristian Aedo-Sánchez
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, University of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
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Cogen T, Cetin Kara H, Kara E, Telci F, Yener HM. Investigation of the relationship between hyperacusis and auditory processing difficulties in individuals with normal hearing. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:469-477. [PMID: 37819548 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hyperacusis and auditory processing (listening) difficulties (APDiff) in normal-hearing young adults and to explore the relationship between these two conditions. METHODS A total of 333 participants aged 18-24 underwent pure-tone audiometry tests and completed the Khalfa Hyperacusis Questionnaire (KHQ) and the University of Cincinnati Auditory Processing Inventory (UCAPI) online. RESULTS Hyperacusis was identified in 26.43% of participants, and APDiff in 36.04%. A strong, positive correlation was found between KHQ and UCAPI scores (r = 0.603, p < 0.001). Logistic regression models indicated that hyperacusis significantly increased the likelihood of having APDiff (OR 7.688, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Despite the high prevalence of hyperacusis and APDiff in young adults, few seek help from audiology clinics. Our findings highlight a significant link between hyperacusis and APDiff, emphasizing the need for screening protocols for auditory processing skills in young adults due to these conditions' potential social and academic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Cogen
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Halide Cetin Kara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eyyup Kara
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Telci
- Department of Audiology, Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haydar Murat Yener
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Banumathi, Mathew S, Kumar S, Jain C. Effect of Age on Speech Perception in Noise Abilities Across Different Stimulus. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:3718-3724. [PMID: 37974785 PMCID: PMC10646145 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Various factors influence speech perception in noise (SPIN): age, hearing loss, cognition, background noise, stimulus redundancy, type of stimulus used, and signal-to-noise ratio. The effect of age on SPIN with different stimuli is yet to be validated in the literature. This study aims to study the effect of age on SPIN results across different stimuli. The study is a cross-sectional study with ninety participants with normal hearing ability. All participants in the study were equally divided into three groups: the children's group aged 8 to 12 years, the adult group aged 18 to 30, and the older adult group aged 55 to 72 years. Speech perception in the background of Kannada speech babble was assessed across three stimuli: monosyllables (CV), phonemically balanced Kannada words, and Kannada sentences. The stimulus was presented at 60 dBSPL binaurally through a calibrated headphone at 0 dB SNR. The result indicated a significant main effect of age on SPIN across syllables, words, and sentences. Further, Mann-Whitney test results revealed a statistically significant difference between the SPIN scores of children and adults for syllables, words, and sentences. Also, a statistical difference was noted in SPIN scores between adults and older adults for syllables, words, and sentences. However, statistical differences between children and older adults were seen only for syllables. The trend showed that the SPIN scores for syllables, words, and sentences improve from childhood to adulthood, while scores deteriorate from the adult to older adult group. A similar trend was seen for all three stimulus types. However, the reduction in the SPIN score using syllables in the older adult group was more noticeable than words and sentences. It can be concluded that there is an effect of age on SPIN abilities across different stimuli. It highlights the importance of age-appropriate SPIN normative for various stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chandni Jain
- Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, 570006 India
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Shiels L, Tomlin D, Rance G. The Assistive Benefits of Remote Microphone Technology for Normal Hearing Children With Listening Difficulties. Ear Hear 2023; 44:1049-1060. [PMID: 36882922 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children often present with listening difficulties (LiD) but with normal sound detection thresholds. These children are susceptible to learning challenges, and struggle with the suboptimal acoustics of standard classrooms. Remote microphone technology (RMT) is one way to improve the listening environment. The aim of this study was to determine the assistive potential of RMT for speech identification and attention skills in children with LiD, and to investigate whether the benefits obtained by these children were greater than for those with no listening concerns. DESIGN A total of 28 children with LiD and 10 control participants with no listening concerns aged 6 to 12 years were included in this study. Children attended two laboratory-based testing sessions, where their speech intelligibility and attention skills were behaviorally assessed with and without the use of RMT. RESULTS There were significant improvements in speech identification and attention skills when RMT was used. For the LiD group, use of the devices improved speech intelligibility to being comparable or better than control abilities without RMT. Auditory attention scores also improved from being poorer than controls without RMT to comparable to control performance with device assistance. CONCLUSIONS Use of RMT was found to have a positive effect on both speech intelligibility and attention. RMT should be considered a viable option for addressing common behavioral symptoms of LiD, including for the many children that present with concerns of inattentiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Shiels
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Sanchez VA, Arnold ML, Moore DR, Clavier O, Abrams HB. Speech-in-noise testing: Innovative applications for pediatric patients, underrepresented populations, fitness for duty, clinical trials, and remote services. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:2336. [PMID: 36319253 PMCID: PMC9722269 DOI: 10.1121/10.0014418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Speech perception testing, defined as providing standardized speech stimuli and requiring a listener to provide a behavioral and scored response, has been an integral part of the audiologic test battery since the beginning of the audiology profession. Over the past several decades, limitations in the diagnostic and prognostic validity of standard speech perception testing as routinely administered in the clinic have been noted, and the promotion of speech-in-noise testing has been highlighted. This review will summarize emerging and innovative approaches to speech-in-noise testing with a focus on five applications: (1) pediatric considerations promoting the measurement of sensory and cognitive components separately; (2) appropriately serving underrepresented populations with special attention to racial, ethnic, and linguistic minorities, as well as considering biological sex and/or gender differences as variables of interest; (3) binaural fitness for duty assessments of functional hearing for occupational settings that demand the ability to detect, recognize, and localize sounds; (4) utilization of speech-in-noise tests in pharmacotherapeutic clinical trials with considerations to the drug mechanistic action, the patient populations, and the study design; and (5) online and mobile applications of hearing assessment that increase accessibility and the direct-to-consumer market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Sanchez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, MDC 73, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Michelle L Arnold
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - David R Moore
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | | | - Harvey B Abrams
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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Evidence of Validity and Normative Values of a New Auditory Backward Masking Test. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11174933. [PMID: 36078863 PMCID: PMC9456366 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11174933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There are still no valid, clinically feasible instruments to assess backward masking (BM), an auditory temporal processing (ATP) phenomenon. The aim of this study was to develop, standardize and present evidence of validity for a behavioral test for BM assessment. Young adults were submitted to a BM test (BMT), where they were asked to identify a 1000 Hz pure tone followed by a narrowband noise with interstimulus intervals of 0 to 400 ms and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between −20 and −30 dB. The correct response rate and target sound detection threshold were calculated, and the results compared with those of young adults with abnormal ATP tests and older adults. Diagnostic accuracy analyses were carried out. Young adults with normal ATP obtained an average correct response rate of 89 and 87% for SNR −20 and −30 dB, respectively, with average thresholds between 10 and 15 ms and no difference between the left and right ears. Results were more consistent at SNR −20 dB, and the best diagnostic accuracy was obtained for SNR −20 dB, with good specificity, but low sensitivity. Normative values were obtained for the BMT, which proved to be clinically feasible, with preliminary evidence of validity.
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Alvand A, Kuruvilla-Mathew A, Kirk IJ, Roberts RP, Pedersen M, Purdy SC. Altered brain network topology in children with auditory processing disorder: A resting-state multi-echo fMRI study. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 35:103139. [PMID: 36002970 PMCID: PMC9421544 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A graph-theoretical approach was used to assess the functional topology in APD. Brain networks in APD are similarly integrated and segregated compared to HCs. Children with APD have different hub organization. Significant group differences were found in the PC measure in the bilateral STG. Regional differences observed within the DMN indicate multimodal roles in APD.
Children with auditory processing disorder (APD) experience hearing difficulties, particularly in the presence of competing sounds, despite having normal audiograms. There is considerable debate on whether APD symptoms originate from bottom-up (e.g., auditory sensory processing) and/or top-down processing (e.g., cognitive, language, memory). A related issue is that little is known about whether functional brain network topology is altered in APD. Therefore, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate the functional brain network organization of 57 children from 8 to 14 years old, diagnosed with APD (n = 28) and without hearing difficulties (healthy control, HC; n = 29). We applied complex network analysis using graph theory to assess the whole-brain integration and segregation of functional networks and brain hub architecture. Our results showed children with APD and HC have similar global network properties –i.e., an average of all brain regions– and modular organization. Still, the APD group showed different hub architecture in default mode-ventral attention, somatomotor and frontoparietal-dorsal attention modules. At the nodal level –i.e., single-brain regions–, we observed decreased participation coefficient (PC – a measure quantifying the diversity of between-network connectivity) in auditory cortical regions in APD, including bilateral superior temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. Beyond auditory regions, PC was also decreased in APD in bilateral posterior temporo-occipital cortices, left intraparietal sulcus, and right posterior insular cortex. Correlation analysis suggested a positive association between PC in the left parahippocampal gyrus and the listening-in-spatialized-noise -sentences task where APD children were engaged in auditory perception. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence of altered brain network organization in children with APD, specific to auditory networks, and shed new light on the neural systems underlying children's listening difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Alvand
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Abin Kuruvilla-Mathew
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ian J Kirk
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Reece P Roberts
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Mangor Pedersen
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Suzanne C Purdy
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Eisdell Moore Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Harju-Seppänen J, Irizar H, Bramon E, Blakemore SJ, Mason L, Bell V. Reward Processing in Children With Psychotic-Like Experiences. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2022; 3:sgab054. [PMID: 35036918 PMCID: PMC8756103 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alterations to striatal reward pathways have been identified in individuals with psychosis. They are hypothesized to be a key mechanism that generate psychotic symptoms through the production of aberrant attribution of motivational salience and are proposed to result from accumulated childhood adversity and genetic risk, making the striatal system hyper-responsive to stress. However, few studies have examined whether children with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) also exhibit these alterations, limiting our understanding of how differences in reward processing relate to hallucinations and delusional ideation in childhood. Consequently, we examined whether PLEs and PLE-related distress were associated with reward-related activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). The sample consisted of children (N = 6718) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study aged 9-10 years who had participated in the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task in functional MRI. We used robust mixed-effects linear regression models to investigate the relationship between PLEs and NAcc activation during the reward anticipation and reward outcome stages of the MID task. Analyses were adjusted for gender, household income, ethnicity, depressive symptoms, movement in the scanner, pubertal development, scanner ID, subject and family ID. There was no reliable association between PLEs and alterations to anticipation- or outcome-related striatal reward processing. We discuss the implications for developmental models of psychosis and suggest a developmental delay model of how PLEs may arise at this stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harju-Seppänen
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Haritz Irizar
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Liam Mason
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vaughan Bell
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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13
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Magimairaj BM, Nagaraj NK, Champlin CA, Thibodeau LK, Loeb DF, Gillam RB. Speech Perception in Noise Predicts Oral Narrative Comprehension in Children With Developmental Language Disorder. Front Psychol 2021; 12:735026. [PMID: 34744907 PMCID: PMC8566731 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the relative contribution of auditory processing abilities (tone perception and speech perception in noise) after controlling for short-term memory capacity and vocabulary, to narrative language comprehension in children with developmental language disorder. Two hundred and sixteen children with developmental language disorder, ages 6 to 9 years (Mean = 7; 6), were administered multiple measures. The dependent variable was children's score on the narrative comprehension scale of the Test of Narrative Language. Predictors were auditory processing abilities, phonological short-term memory capacity, and language (vocabulary) factors, with age, speech perception in quiet, and non-verbal IQ as covariates. Results showed that narrative comprehension was positively correlated with the majority of the predictors. Regression analysis suggested that speech perception in noise contributed uniquely to narrative comprehension in children with developmental language disorder, over and above all other predictors; however, tone perception tasks failed to explain unique variance. The relative importance of speech perception in noise over tone-perception measures for language comprehension reinforces the need for the assessment and management of listening in noise deficits and makes a compelling case for the functional implications of complex listening situations for children with developmental language disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beula M Magimairaj
- Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Emma Eccles Jones Early Childhood Education and Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Naveen K Nagaraj
- Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Emma Eccles Jones Early Childhood Education and Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Craig A Champlin
- Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Linda K Thibodeau
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Diane F Loeb
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Ronald B Gillam
- Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Emma Eccles Jones Early Childhood Education and Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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14
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Petley L, Hunter LL, Zadeh LM, Stewart HJ, Sloat NT, Perdew A, Lin L, Moore DR. Listening Difficulties in Children With Normal Audiograms: Relation to Hearing and Cognition. Ear Hear 2021; 42:1640-1655. [PMID: 34261857 PMCID: PMC8545703 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children presenting at audiology services with caregiver-reported listening difficulties often have normal audiograms. The appropriate approach for the further assessment and clinical management of these children is currently unclear. In this Sensitive Indicators of Childhood Listening Difficulties (SICLiD) study, we assessed listening ability using a reliable and validated caregiver questionnaire (the Evaluation of Children's Listening and Processing Skills [ECLiPS]) in a large (n = 146) and heterogeneous sample of 6- to 13-year-old children with normal audiograms. Scores on the ECLiPS were related to a multifaceted laboratory assessment of the children's audiological, psycho- and physiological-acoustic, and cognitive abilities. This report is an overview of the SICLiD study and focuses on the children's behavioral performance. The overall goals of SICLiD were to understand the auditory and other neural mechanisms underlying childhood listening difficulties and translate that understanding into clinical assessment and, ultimately, intervention. DESIGN Cross-sectional behavioral assessment of children with "listening difficulties" and an age-matched "typically developing" control group. Caregivers completed the ECLiPS, and the resulting total standardized composite score formed the basis of further descriptive statistics, univariate, and multivariate modeling of experimental data. RESULTS All scores of the ECLiPS, the SCAN-3:C, a standardized clinical test suite for auditory processing, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Cognition Toolbox were significantly lower for children with listening difficulties than for their typically developing peers using group comparisons via t-tests and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests. A similar effect was observed on the Listening in Spatialized Noise-Sentences (LiSN-S) test for speech sentence-in-noise intelligibility but only reached significance for the Low Cue and High Cue conditions and the Talker Advantage derived score. Stepwise regression to examine the factors contributing to the ECLiPS Total scaled score (pooled across groups) yielded a model that explained 42% of its variance based on the SCAN-3:C composite, LiSN-S Talker Advantage, and the NIH Toolbox Picture Vocabulary, and Dimensional Change Card Sorting scores (F[4, 95] = 17.35, p < 0.001). High correlations were observed between many test scores including the ECLiPS, SCAN-3:C, and NIH Toolbox composite measures. LiSN-S Advantage measures generally correlated weakly and nonsignificantly with non-LiSN-S measures. However, a significant interaction was found between extended high-frequency threshold and LiSN-S Talker Advantage. CONCLUSIONS Children with listening difficulties but normal audiograms have problems with the cognitive processing of auditory and nonauditory stimuli that include both fluid and crystallized reasoning. Analysis of poor performance on the LiSN-S Talker Advantage measure identified subclinical hearing loss as a minor contributing factor to talker segregation. Beyond auditory tests, evaluations of children with complaints of listening difficulties should include standardized caregiver observations and consideration of broad cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Petley
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Psychology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Lisa L. Hunter
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lina Motlagh Zadeh
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hannah J. Stewart
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholette T. Sloat
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Audrey Perdew
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David R. Moore
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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15
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Minimal and Mild Hearing Loss in Children: Association with Auditory Perception, Cognition, and Communication Problems. Ear Hear 2021; 41:720-732. [PMID: 31633598 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES "Minimal" and "mild" hearing loss are the most common but least understood forms of hearing loss in children. Children with better ear hearing level as low as 30 dB HL have a global language impairment and, according to the World Health Organization, a "disabling level of hearing loss." We examined in a population of 6- to 11-year-olds how hearing level ≤40.0 dB HL (1 and 4 kHz pure-tone average, PTA, threshold) is related to auditory perception, cognition, and communication. DESIGN School children (n = 1638) were recruited in 4 centers across the United Kingdom. They completed a battery of hearing (audiometry, filter width, temporal envelope, speech-in-noise) and cognitive (IQ, attention, verbal memory, receptive language, reading) tests. Caregivers assessed their children's communication and listening skills. Children included in this study (702 male; 752 female) had 4 reliable tone thresholds (1, 4 kHz each ear), and no caregiver reported medical or intellectual disorder. Normal-hearing children (n = 1124, 77.1%) had all 4 thresholds and PTA <15 dB HL. Children with ≥15 dB HL for at least 1 threshold, and PTA <20 dB (n = 245, 16.8%) had minimal hearing loss. Children with 20 ≤PTA <40 dB HL (n = 88, 6.0%) had mild hearing loss. Interaural asymmetric hearing loss ( left PTA - right PTA ≥10 dB) was found in 28.9% of those with minimal and 39.8% of those with mild hearing loss. RESULTS Speech perception in noise, indexed by vowel-consonant-vowel pseudoword repetition in speech-modulated noise, was impaired in children with minimal and mild hearing loss, relative to normal-hearing children. Effect size was largest (d = 0.63) in asymmetric mild hearing loss and smallest (d = 0.21) in symmetric minimal hearing loss. Spectral (filter width) and temporal (backward masking) perceptions were impaired in children with both forms of hearing loss, but suprathreshold perception generally related only weakly to PTA. Speech-in-noise (nonsense syllables) and language (pseudoword repetition) were also impaired in both forms of hearing loss and correlated more strongly with PTA. Children with mild hearing loss were additionally impaired in working memory (digit span) and reading, and generally performed more poorly than those with minimal loss. Asymmetric hearing loss produced as much impairment overall on both auditory and cognitive tasks as symmetric hearing loss. Nonverbal IQ, attention, and caregiver-rated listening and communication were not significantly impaired in children with hearing loss. Modeling suggested that 15 dB HL is objectively an appropriate lower audibility limit for diagnosis of hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS Hearing loss between 15 and 30 dB PTA is, at ~20%, much more prevalent in 6- to 11-year-old children than most current estimates. Key aspects of auditory and cognitive skills are impaired in both symmetric and asymmetric minimal and mild hearing loss. Hearing loss <30 dB HL is most closely related to speech perception in noise, and to cognitive abilities underpinning language and reading. The results suggest wider use of speech-in-noise measures to diagnose and assess management of hearing loss and reduction of the clinical hearing loss threshold for children to 15 dB HL.
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Abstract
Auditory processing disorder, defined here as a deficit in the way sounds are analyzed by the brain, has remained a controversial topic within audiology for decades. Some of the controversy concerns what it is called. More substantively, even its existence has been questioned. That view has likely emerged because there has not been sufficient rigor in determining when difficulty in understanding speech has been the consequence of some type of auditory processing deficit, versus when it is the consequence of a cognitive deficit or a language deficit. This article suggests that the field use the term “listening difficulty” as an umbrella term to indicate a reported deficit in recognizing sounds or understanding speech, one possible cause of which is an auditory processing disorder. Other possible causes are hearing deficits, cognitive deficits, and language deficits. This article uses a plausible, and hopefully noncontroversial, model of speech understanding that comprises auditory processing, speech processing, and language processing, all potentially affected by the degree of attention applied and the listener’s memory ability. In a fresh approach to the construction of test batteries, the stages of the model are linked to tests designed to assess either all or selected parts of the processes involved. For two of the stages, a listener’s performance is quantified as the additional signal to noise ratio that he or she needs to function equivalently to his or her age peers. Subtraction of the deficits revealed by each test enables the contributions of each processing stage to a listening deficit to be quantified. As a further novel contribution, the impact of memory and attention on each test score is quantitatively allowed for, by an amount that depends on each test’s dependence on memory and attention. Attention displayed during the test is estimated from the fluctuations in performance during the test. The article concludes with a summary of the research that must be conducted before the structured tests can be used to quantify the extent to which different potential causes of listening difficulties are responsible for real-life difficulties in an individual child.
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Defining the Role of Attention in Hierarchical Auditory Processing. Audiol Res 2021; 11:112-128. [PMID: 33805600 PMCID: PMC8006147 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication in noise is a complex process requiring efficient neural encoding throughout the entire auditory pathway as well as contributions from higher-order cognitive processes (i.e., attention) to extract speech cues for perception. Thus, identifying effective clinical interventions for individuals with speech-in-noise deficits relies on the disentanglement of bottom-up (sensory) and top-down (cognitive) factors to appropriately determine the area of deficit; yet, how attention may interact with early encoding of sensory inputs remains unclear. For decades, attentional theorists have attempted to address this question with cleverly designed behavioral studies, but the neural processes and interactions underlying attention's role in speech perception remain unresolved. While anatomical and electrophysiological studies have investigated the neurological structures contributing to attentional processes and revealed relevant brain-behavior relationships, recent electrophysiological techniques (i.e., simultaneous recording of brainstem and cortical responses) may provide novel insight regarding the relationship between early sensory processing and top-down attentional influences. In this article, we review relevant theories that guide our present understanding of attentional processes, discuss current electrophysiological evidence of attentional involvement in auditory processing across subcortical and cortical levels, and propose areas for future study that will inform the development of more targeted and effective clinical interventions for individuals with speech-in-noise deficits.
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18
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Asilador A, Llano DA. Top-Down Inference in the Auditory System: Potential Roles for Corticofugal Projections. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 14:615259. [PMID: 33551756 PMCID: PMC7862336 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.615259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become widely accepted that humans use contextual information to infer the meaning of ambiguous acoustic signals. In speech, for example, high-level semantic, syntactic, or lexical information shape our understanding of a phoneme buried in noise. Most current theories to explain this phenomenon rely on hierarchical predictive coding models involving a set of Bayesian priors emanating from high-level brain regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex) that are used to influence processing at lower-levels of the cortical sensory hierarchy (e.g., auditory cortex). As such, virtually all proposed models to explain top-down facilitation are focused on intracortical connections, and consequently, subcortical nuclei have scarcely been discussed in this context. However, subcortical auditory nuclei receive massive, heterogeneous, and cascading descending projections at every level of the sensory hierarchy, and activation of these systems has been shown to improve speech recognition. It is not yet clear whether or how top-down modulation to resolve ambiguous sounds calls upon these corticofugal projections. Here, we review the literature on top-down modulation in the auditory system, primarily focused on humans and cortical imaging/recording methods, and attempt to relate these findings to a growing animal literature, which has primarily been focused on corticofugal projections. We argue that corticofugal pathways contain the requisite circuitry to implement predictive coding mechanisms to facilitate perception of complex sounds and that top-down modulation at early (i.e., subcortical) stages of processing complement modulation at later (i.e., cortical) stages of processing. Finally, we suggest experimental approaches for future studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Asilador
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Daniel A. Llano
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, United States
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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19
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Magimairaj BM, Nagaraj NK, Sergeev AV, Benafield NJ. Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties. Am J Audiol 2020; 29:710-727. [PMID: 32810407 DOI: 10.1044/2020_aja-20-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beula M. Magimairaj
- Cognitive Hearing Science Lab, Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Utah State University, Logan
| | - Naveen K. Nagaraj
- Cognitive Hearing Science Lab, Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Utah State University, Logan
| | | | - Natalie J. Benafield
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Central Arkansas, Conway
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20
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Mishra SK, Saxena U. Basic Measures of Auditory Perception in Children: No Evidence for Mediation by Auditory Working Memory Capacity. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:591101. [PMID: 33281586 PMCID: PMC7689342 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.591101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature auditory perception in children has generally been ascribed to deficiencies in cognitive factors, such as working memory and inattention. This notion appears to be commonly accepted for all children despite limited empirical evidence. In the present work, we examined whether working memory capacity would predict basic aspects of hearing, pure-tone frequency discrimination and temporal gap detection, in typically-developing, normal-hearing children (7–12 years). Contrary to our expectation, working memory capacity, as measured by digit spans, or intrinsic auditory attention (on- and off-task response variability) did not consistently predict the individual variability in auditory perception. Present results provide no evidence for a role of working memory capacity in basic measures of auditory perception in children. This lack of a relationship may partly explain why some children with perceptual deficits despite normal audiograms (commonly referred to as auditory processing disorders) may have typical cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta K Mishra
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Udit Saxena
- MAA Institute of Speech & Hearing, Hyderabad, India
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21
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Moore DR, Whiston H, Lough M, Marsden A, Dillon H, Munro KJ, Stone MA. FreeHear: A New Sound-Field Speech-in-Babble Hearing Assessment Tool. Trends Hear 2020; 23:2331216519872378. [PMID: 31599206 PMCID: PMC6787881 DOI: 10.1177/2331216519872378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure-tone threshold audiometry is currently the standard test of hearing.
However, in everyday life, we are more concerned with listening to speech of
moderate loudness and, specifically, listening to a particular talker against a
background of other talkers. FreeHear delivers strings of three spoken digits
(0–9, not 7) against a background babble via three loudspeakers placed in front
and to either side of a listener. FreeHear is designed as a rapid, quantitative
initial assessment of hearing using an adaptive algorithm. It is designed
especially for children and for testing listeners who are using hearing devices.
In this first report on FreeHear, we present developmental considerations and
protocols and results of testing 100 children (4–13 years old) and 23 adults
(18–30 years old). Two of the six 4 year olds and 91% of all older children
completed full testing. Speech reception threshold (SRT) for digits and noise
colocated at 0° or separated by 90° both improved linearly across 4 to 12 years
old by 6 to 7 dB, with a further 2 dB improvement for the adults. These data
suggested full maturation at approximately 15 years old SRTs at 90° digits/noise
separation were better by approximately 6 dB than SRTs colocated at 0°. This
spatial release from masking did not change significantly across age.
Test–retest reliability was similar for children and adults (standard deviation
of 2.05–2.91 dB SRT), with a mean practice improvement of 0.04–0.98 dB. FreeHear
shows promise as a clinical test for both children and adults. Further trials in
people with hearing impairment are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Moore
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Helen Whiston
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Melanie Lough
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Antonia Marsden
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Harvey Dillon
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - Kevin J Munro
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Michael A Stone
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.,Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Musicians appear to have an enhanced ability to perceive speech-in-noise, prompting suggestions that musical training could be used to help people who struggle to communicate in noisy environments. This study assessed the role of sensitivity to beat, rhythm, and melody in supporting speech-in-noise perception. DESIGN This is an exploratory study based on correlation. The study included 24 normally hearing young adult participants with a wide range of musical training and experience. Formal and informal musical experience was measured with the training subscale of the Goldsmiths' Musical Sophistication Index. Speech reception thresholds (SRT) were measured using the Matrix Sentence Test and three different speech-spectrum-shaped noise maskers: unmodulated and sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (modulation frequency, fm = 8 Hz; modulation depths: 60 and 80%). Primary predictors were measures of sensitivity to beat, rhythm, and melody. Secondary predictors were pure-tone frequency discrimination and auditory working memory (digit span). Any contributions from these two predictors were to be controlled for as appropriate. RESULTS Participants with more musical experience and greater sensitivity to rhythm, beat, and melody had better SRTs. Sensitivity to beat was more strongly linked with SRT than sensitivity to either rhythm or melody. This relationship remained strong even after factoring out contributions from frequency discrimination and auditory working memory. CONCLUSIONS Sensitivity to beat predicted SRTs in unmodulated and modulated noise. We propose that this sensitivity maximizes benefit from fluctuations in signal-to-noise ratio through temporal orienting of attention to perceptually salient parts of the signal. Beat perception may be a good candidate for targeted training aimed at enhancing speech perception when listening in noise.
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23
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Auditory localization accuracy and auditory spatial discrimination in children with auditory processing disorders. Hear Res 2019; 377:282-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Neijenhuis K, Campbell NG, Cromb M, Luinge MR, Moore DR, Rosen S, de Wit E. An Evidence-Based Perspective on "Misconceptions" Regarding Pediatric Auditory Processing Disorder. Front Neurol 2019; 10:287. [PMID: 30972015 PMCID: PMC6443922 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Neijenhuis
- Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole G Campbell
- USAIS, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Cromb
- Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margreet R Luinge
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - David R Moore
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Rosen
- UCL Speech, Hearing & Phonetic Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen de Wit
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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25
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Morlet T, Nagao K, Greenwood LA, Cardinale RM, Gaffney RG, Riegner T. Auditory event-related potentials and function of the medial olivocochlear efferent system in children with auditory processing disorders. Int J Audiol 2019; 58:213-223. [PMID: 30682902 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1551632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives were to investigate the function of central auditory pathways and of the medial efferent olivocochlear system (MOCS). DESIGN Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded following the delivery of the stimulus /da/ in quiet and in ipsilateral, contralateral, and binaural noise conditions and correlated to the results of the auditory processing disorders (APD) diagnostic test battery. MOCS function was investigated by adding ipsilateral, contralateral, and binaural noise to transient evoked otoacoustic emission recordings. Auditory brainstem responses and pure tone audiogram were also evaluated. STUDY SAMPLE Nineteen children (7 to 12 years old) with APD were compared with 24 age-matched controls. RESULTS Otoacoustic emissions and ABR characteristics did not differ between groups, whereas ERP latencies were significantly longer and of higher amplitudes in APD children than in controls, in both quiet and noise conditions. The MOCS suppression was higher in APD children. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that children with APD present with neural deficiencies in both challenging and nonchallenging environments with an increase in the timing of several central auditory processes correlated to their behavioural performances. Meanwhile, their modulation of the auditory periphery under noisy conditions differs from control children with higher suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Morlet
- a Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoustics Research Laboratory , Center for Pediatric Auditory Speech and Sciences, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington , DE , USA.,b Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, College of Arts & Science , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA.,c Georges Osborne College of Audiology , Salus University , Elkins Park , PA , USA
| | - Kyoko Nagao
- a Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoustics Research Laboratory , Center for Pediatric Auditory Speech and Sciences, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington , DE , USA.,b Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, College of Arts & Science , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA.,d Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health Science , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA
| | - L Ashleigh Greenwood
- a Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoustics Research Laboratory , Center for Pediatric Auditory Speech and Sciences, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington , DE , USA
| | - R Matthew Cardinale
- a Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoustics Research Laboratory , Center for Pediatric Auditory Speech and Sciences, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington , DE , USA
| | - Rebecca G Gaffney
- a Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoustics Research Laboratory , Center for Pediatric Auditory Speech and Sciences, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington , DE , USA
| | - Tammy Riegner
- e Department of Audiology , Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington , DE , USA
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Volpatto FL, Rechia IC, Lessa AH, Soldera CLC, Ferreira MIDDC, Machado MS. Questionnaires and checklists for central auditory processing screening used in Brazil: a systematic review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 85:99-110. [PMID: 29970341 PMCID: PMC9442887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The action of listening involves a complex interaction between the peripheral and central auditory systems. Central auditory processing disorder can be described as any problem in one or more auditory abilities. Literature reports that behavioral questionnaires and checklists can be applied to screen individuals at risk for central auditory processing disorder. Objective To identify and analyze in the national literature questionnaires and checklists for the screening of central auditory processing available in Brazil for the Portuguese language. Methods The research was carried out in electronic databases and “gray literature”. The search strategy was: “questionnaires OR surveys and questionnaires AND auditory OR hearing tests OR auditory perception AND Brazil”. The research was carried out between June and August of 2017. Study selection followed inclusion and exclusion criteria. The criteria adopted included Brazilian studies, without date and design restriction, that were carried out, translated, adapted and/or validated to Brazilian Portuguese or European Portuguese, as tools for central auditory processing screening. International studies that were not adapted to the Portuguese language were excluded, as well as the ones that were not available in full. Results A total of 3664 publications were found and seven articles were selected for this systematic review, according to the established criteria. Conclusions There is scarce national literature for central auditory processing screening and the only tool validated to Brazilian Portuguese, published as a monograph, is the auditory processing domains questionnaire. It is suggested that new studies with greater methodological stringency related to the processes of tool adaptation and validation be developed and published in the usual scientific databases, aiming at greater diffusion and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielli Loss Volpatto
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Curso de Fonoaudiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Inaê Costa Rechia
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Curso de Fonoaudiologia, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Márcia Salgado Machado
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Curso de Fonoaudiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Magimairaj BM, Nagaraj NK. Working Memory and Auditory Processing in School-Age Children. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2018; 49:409-423. [DOI: 10.1044/2018_lshss-17-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Our goal is to present the relationships between working memory (WM) and auditory processing abilities in school-age children.
Review and Discussion
We begin with an overview of auditory processing, the conceptualization of auditory processing disorder, and the assessment of auditory processing abilities in children. Next, we describe a model of WM and a model of auditory processing followed by their comparison. Evidence for the relationships between WM and auditory processing abilities in school-age children follows. Specifically, we present evidence for the association (or lack thereof) between WM/attention and auditory processing test performance.
Clinical Implications
In conclusion, we describe a new framework for understanding auditory processing abilities in children based on integrated evidence from cognitive science, hearing science, and language science. We also discuss clinical implications in children that could inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beula M. Magimairaj
- Cognition and Language Lab, Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Central Arkansas, Conway
| | - Naveen K. Nagaraj
- Cognitive Hearing Science Lab, Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/University of Arkansas at Little Rock
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de Wit E, Steenbergen B, Visser-Bochane MI, van der Schans CP, van Dijk P, Luinge MR. Response to the Letter to the Editor From Moncrieff (2017) Regarding de Wit et al. (2016), "Characteristics of Auditory Processing Disorders: A Systematic Review". JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2018; 61:1517-1519. [PMID: 29800061 DOI: 10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-17-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this letter is to respond to Moncrieff's (2017) letter to the editor, "Response to de Wit et al., 2016, 'Characteristics of Auditory Processing Disorders: A Systematic Review,'" published in May 2017 by the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. CONCLUSION We believe that our original conclusions are valid given the limited evidence that is currently available about the etiology of auditory processing disorders (APD). The focus of our systematic review was to identify the characteristics of children with a diagnosis of APD or a suspicion of APD. The results of our study showed that the characteristics of these children are not specific or limited to the auditory modality but are multimodal instead. In our view, it is incorrect to use the diagnosis APD, because there is not necessarily a specific auditory deficit in a large group of children suffering from listening difficulties. Before we start using any new diagnoses, a better insight into how bottom-up and top-down processes are precisely involved in listening needs to be developed. In addition, more insight is needed with respect to the similarities and differences between the different developmental disorders of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen de Wit
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margot I Visser-Bochane
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cees P van der Schans
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van Dijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet R Luinge
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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Parental perception of listening difficulties: an interaction between weaknesses in language processing and ability to sustain attention. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6985. [PMID: 29725027 PMCID: PMC5934397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(Central) auditory processing disorder ((C)APD) is a controversial diagnostic category which may be an artefact of referral route. Yet referral route must, to some extent, be influenced by a child’s profile of presenting symptoms. This study tested the hypothesis that parental perception of listening difficulty is associated with weaknesses in ability to sustain attention while listening to speech. Forty-four children (24 with listening difficulties) detected targets embedded in a 16-minute story. The targets were either mispronunciations or nonsense words. Sentence context was modulated to separate out effects due to deficits in language processing from effects due to deficits in attention. Children with listening difficulties missed more targets than children with typical listening abilities. Both groups of children were initially sensitive to sentence context, but this declined over time in the children with listening difficulties. A report-based measure of language abilities captured the majority of variance in a measure capturing time-related changes in sensitivity to context. Overall, the findings suggest parents perceive children to have listening, not language difficulties, because weaknesses in language processing only emerge when stressed by the additional demands associated with attending to, and processing, speech over extended periods of time.
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Felix RA, Gourévitch B, Portfors CV. Subcortical pathways: Towards a better understanding of auditory disorders. Hear Res 2018; 362:48-60. [PMID: 29395615 PMCID: PMC5911198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss is a significant problem that affects at least 15% of the population. This percentage, however, is likely significantly higher because of a variety of auditory disorders that are not identifiable through traditional tests of peripheral hearing ability. In these disorders, individuals have difficulty understanding speech, particularly in noisy environments, even though the sounds are loud enough to hear. The underlying mechanisms leading to such deficits are not well understood. To enable the development of suitable treatments to alleviate or prevent such disorders, the affected processing pathways must be identified. Historically, mechanisms underlying speech processing have been thought to be a property of the auditory cortex and thus the study of auditory disorders has largely focused on cortical impairments and/or cognitive processes. As we review here, however, there is strong evidence to suggest that, in fact, deficits in subcortical pathways play a significant role in auditory disorders. In this review, we highlight the role of the auditory brainstem and midbrain in processing complex sounds and discuss how deficits in these regions may contribute to auditory dysfunction. We discuss current research with animal models of human hearing and then consider human studies that implicate impairments in subcortical processing that may contribute to auditory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Felix
- School of Biological Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Boris Gourévitch
- Unité de Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, UMRS 1120 INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75015, Paris, France; CNRS, France
| | - Christine V Portfors
- School of Biological Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA.
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Balen SA, Moore DR, Sameshima K. Pitch and Duration Pattern Sequence Tests in 7- to 11-Year-Old Children: Results Depend on Response Mode. J Am Acad Audiol 2017; 30:6-15. [PMID: 30461390 DOI: 10.3766/jaaa.16132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pitch pattern sequence (PPS) and duration pattern sequence (DPS) tests are frequently used in the assessment of auditory processing disorder. Current recommendations suggest alternate, interchangeable modes for responding to stimuli. PURPOSE The objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of response mode (i.e., humming, pointing, and labeling) and age on PPS and DPS performance of 7- to 11-year-old children. RESEARCH DESIGN Laboratory-based testing of school children. Cross-sectional comparison of age, with repeated measures of age, test, ear, and response mode. STUDY SAMPLE From 452 children recruited, 228 right-handed children (109 girls) aged 7 years to 11 years 11 months (mean age 9 years 4 months) completed at least one test (PPS: 211, DPS: 198), and 181 children completed both tests. Audiology inclusion criteria include normal hearing thresholds (≤15 dB HL at octave frequencies 250-8000 Hz); word recognition in quiet ≥92%; tympanogram peak compensated static acoustic compliance 0.4-1.6 mmhos; and tympanometric peak pressure -100 to +50 daPa, all in both ears. Other inclusion criteria were Portuguese as first language; right handed; no musical training; no related, known, or observed phonological, learning, neurologic, psychiatric, or behavioral disorder; otologic history; and delayed neuropsychomotor or language development. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS PPS: 30 trials per ear and response condition of three consecutive 500 msec duration intermixed high (1430 Hz) or low (880 Hz) frequency tones presented monaurally at 50 dB HL. The first response condition was humming followed by labeling (naming: high or low). DPS: As per PPS except 1000 Hz tones of intermixed 500 (long) and 250 msec (short) duration. First response was pointing (at a symbolic object) followed by labeling. Trends across age and between tests were assessed using repeated measures generalized linear mixed models. Correlation coefficients were calculated to assess relations among test scores. The two-sided significance level was 0.05. RESULTS Older children performed better than younger children in all tasks. Humming the tone pattern (PPS humming) produced generally better performance than either articulating the attributes of the tones (labeling) or pointing to objects representing tone duration. PPS humming produced ceiling performance for many children of all ages. For both labeling tasks and DPS pointing, performance was better on the PPS than on the DPS, for stimulation of the right than the left ear, and in boys than girls. Individual performance on the two tasks was highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS Response mode does matter in the PPS and DPS. Results from humming should not be combined with or be a substitute for results obtained from a labeling response. Tasks that rely on labeling a tonal stimulus should be avoided in testing hearing in children or other special populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Andreoli Balen
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing, Federal University, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - David R Moore
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Koichi Sameshima
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Schochat E, Rocha-Muniz CN, Filippini R. Understanding Auditory Processing Disorder Through the FFR. THE FREQUENCY-FOLLOWING RESPONSE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47944-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
In this study, the authors assessed the potential utility of a recently developed questionnaire (Evaluation of Children’s Listening and Processing Skills [ECLiPS]) for supporting the clinical assessment of children referred for auditory processing disorder (APD). Questionnaires potentially offer valuable information about everyday listening difficulty in children referred for suspected APD. However, there are many problems with currently available questionnaires. This paper considers the validity and usefulness of a new questionnaire called the Evaluation of Children’s Listening and Processing Skills (ECLiPS) in comparison with three other available questionnaires. All the questionnaires in the study were similarly sensitive to the presence of problems, but the ECLiPS provided clearer evidence of construct validity particularly with respect to measures of cognitive abilities. Discriminant analysis suggested that a combination of ECLiPS factors with auditory and cognitive measures achieved best discrimination among the participant groups in the study.
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de Wit E, Visser-Bochane MI, Steenbergen B, van Dijk P, van der Schans CP, Luinge MR. Characteristics of Auditory Processing Disorders: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2016; 59:384-413. [PMID: 27082630 DOI: 10.1044/2015_jslhr-h-15-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review article is to describe characteristics of auditory processing disorders (APD) by evaluating the literature in which children with suspected or diagnosed APD were compared with typically developing children and to determine whether APD must be regarded as a deficit specific to the auditory modality or as a multimodal deficit. METHOD Six electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies investigating children with (suspected) APD in comparison with typically developing peers. Relevant studies were independently reviewed and appraised by 2 reviewers. Methodological quality was quantified using the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's levels of evidence. RESULTS Fifty-three relevant studies were identified. Five studies were excluded because of weak internal validity. In total, 48 studies were included, of which only 1 was classified as having strong methodological quality. Significant dissimilarities were found between children referred with listening difficulties and controls. These differences relate to auditory and visual functioning, cognition, language, reading, and physiological and neuroimaging measures. CONCLUSIONS Methodological quality of most of the incorporated studies was rated moderate due to the heterogeneous groups of participants, inadequate descriptions of participants, and the omission of valid and reliable measurements. The listening difficulties of children with APD may be a consequence of cognitive, language, and attention issues rather than bottom-up auditory processing.
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Murphy CFB, Rabelo CM, Silagi ML, Mansur LL, Schochat E. Impact of Educational Level on Performance on Auditory Processing Tests. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:97. [PMID: 27013958 PMCID: PMC4785234 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that a higher level of education is associated with better performance on cognitive tests among middle-aged and elderly people. However, the effects of education on auditory processing skills have not yet been evaluated. Previous demonstrations of sensory-cognitive interactions in the aging process indicate the potential importance of this topic. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of middle-aged and elderly people with different levels of formal education on auditory processing tests. A total of 177 adults with no evidence of cognitive, psychological or neurological conditions took part in the research. The participants completed a series of auditory assessments, including dichotic digit, frequency pattern and speech-in-noise tests. A working memory test was also performed to investigate the extent to which auditory processing and cognitive performance were associated. The results demonstrated positive but weak correlations between years of schooling and performance on all of the tests applied. The factor “years of schooling” was also one of the best predictors of frequency pattern and speech-in-noise test performance. Additionally, performance on the working memory, frequency pattern and dichotic digit tests was also correlated, suggesting that the influence of educational level on auditory processing performance might be associated with the cognitive demand of the auditory processing tests rather than auditory sensory aspects itself. Longitudinal research is required to investigate the causal relationship between educational level and auditory processing skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina F B Murphy
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila M Rabelo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela L Silagi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia L Mansur
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Schochat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Murphy CFB, Moore DR, Schochat E. Generalization of Auditory Sensory and Cognitive Learning in Typically Developing Children. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135422. [PMID: 26267275 PMCID: PMC4534328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-established involvement of both sensory ("bottom-up") and cognitive ("top-down") processes in literacy, the extent to which auditory or cognitive (memory or attention) learning transfers to phonological and reading skills remains unclear. Most research has demonstrated learning of the trained task or even learning transfer to a closely related task. However, few studies have reported "far-transfer" to a different domain, such as the improvement of phonological and reading skills following auditory or cognitive training. This study assessed the effectiveness of auditory, memory or attention training on far-transfer measures involving phonological and reading skills in typically developing children. Mid-transfer was also assessed through untrained auditory, attention and memory tasks. Sixty 5- to 8-year-old children with normal hearing were quasi-randomly assigned to one of five training groups: attention group (AG), memory group (MG), auditory sensory group (SG), placebo group (PG; drawing, painting), and a control, untrained group (CG). Compliance, mid-transfer and far-transfer measures were evaluated before and after training. All trained groups received 12 x 45-min training sessions over 12 weeks. The CG did not receive any intervention. All trained groups, especially older children, exhibited significant learning of the trained task. On pre- to post-training measures (test-retest), most groups exhibited improvements on most tasks. There was significant mid-transfer for a visual digit span task, with highest span in the MG, relative to other groups. These results show that both sensory and cognitive (memory or attention) training can lead to learning in the trained task and to mid-transfer learning on a task (visual digit span) within the same domain as the trained tasks. However, learning did not transfer to measures of language (reading and phonological awareness), as the PG and CG improved as much as the other trained groups. Further research is required to investigate the effects of various stimuli and lengths of training on the generalization of sensory and cognitive learning to literacy skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina F. B. Murphy
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David R. Moore
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eliane Schochat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-Language Pathology and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Decreased temporal precision of neuronal signaling as a candidate mechanism of auditory processing disorder. Hear Res 2015; 330:213-20. [PMID: 26119177 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sense of hearing is the fastest of our senses and provides the first all-or-none action potential in the auditory nerve in less than four milliseconds. Short stimulus evoked latencies and their minimal variability are hallmarks of auditory processing from spiral ganglia to cortex. Here, we review how even small changes in first spike latencies (FSL) and their variability (jitter) impact auditory temporal processing. We discuss a number of mouse models with degraded FSL/jitter whose mutations occur exclusively in the central auditory system and therefore might serve as candidates to investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying auditory processing disorders (APD).
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Spyridakou C, Bamiou DE. Need of speech-in-noise testing to assess listening difficulties in older adults. HEARING BALANCE AND COMMUNICATION 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1015814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if active listening modulates the strength of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex in children. DESIGN Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) were recorded from the right ear in quiet and in four test conditions: one with contralateral broadband noise (BBN) only, and three with active listening tasks wherein attention was directed to speech embedded in contralateral BBN. STUDY SAMPLE Fifteen typically-developing children (ranging in age from 8 to14 years) with normal hearing. RESULTS CEOAE levels were reduced in every condition with contralateral acoustic stimulus (CAS) when compared to preceding quiet conditions. There was an additional systematic decrease in CEOAE level with increased listening task difficulty, although this effect was very small. These CEOAE level differences were most apparent in the 8-18 ms region after click onset. CONCLUSIONS Active listening may change the strength of the MOC reflex in children, although the effects reported here are very subtle. Further studies are needed to verify that task difficulty modulates the activity of the MOC reflex in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B Smith
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson , USA
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Ludwig AA, Fuchs M, Kruse E, Uhlig B, Kotz SA, Rübsamen R. Auditory processing disorders with and without central auditory discrimination deficits. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2015; 15:441-64. [PMID: 24658855 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-014-0450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory processing disorder (APD) is defined as a processing deficit in the auditory modality and spans multiple processes. To date, APD diagnosis is mostly based on the utilization of speech material. Adequate nonspeech tests that allow differentiation between an actual central hearing disorder and related disorders such as specific language impairments are still not adequately available. In the present study, 84 children between 6 and 17 years of age (clinical group), referred to three audiological centers for APD diagnosis, were evaluated with standard audiological tests and additional auditory discrimination tests. Latter tests assessed the processing of basic acoustic features at two different stages of the ascending central auditory system: (1) auditory brainstem processing was evaluated by quantifying interaural frequency, level, and signal duration discrimination (interaural tests). (2) Diencephalic/telencephalic processing was assessed by varying the same acoustic parameters (plus signals with sinusoidal amplitude modulation), but presenting the test signals in conjunction with noise pulses to the contralateral ear (dichotic(signal/noise) tests). Data of children in the clinical group were referenced to normative data obtained from more than 300 normally developing healthy school children. The results in the audiological and the discrimination tests diverged widely. Of the 39 children that were diagnosed with APD in the audiological clinic, 30 had deficits in auditory performance. Even more alarming was the fact that of the 45 children with a negative APD diagnosis, 32 showed clear signs of a central hearing deficit. Based on these results, we suggest revising current diagnostic procedure to evaluate APD in order to more clearly differentiate between central auditory processing deficits and higher-order (cognitive and/or language) processing deficits.
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Moossavi A, Mehrkian S, Lotfi Y, Faghihzadeh S, sajedi H. The relation between working memory capacity and auditory lateralization in children with auditory processing disorders. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:1981-6. [PMID: 25262275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Auditory processing disorder (APD) describes a complex and heterogeneous disorder characterized by poor speech perception, especially in noisy environments. APD may be responsible for a range of sensory processing deficits associated with learning difficulties. There is no general consensus about the nature of APD and how the disorder should be assessed or managed. This study assessed the effect of cognition abilities (working memory capacity) on sound lateralization in children with auditory processing disorders, in order to determine how "auditory cognition" interacts with APD. METHODS The participants in this cross-sectional comparative study were 20 typically developing and 17 children with a diagnosed auditory processing disorder (9-11 years old). Sound lateralization abilities investigated using inter-aural time (ITD) differences and inter-aural intensity (IID) differences with two stimuli (high pass and low pass noise) in nine perceived positions. Working memory capacity was evaluated using the non-word repetition, and forward and backward digits span tasks. Linear regression was employed to measure the degree of association between working memory capacity and localization tests between the two groups. RESULTS Children in the APD group had consistently lower scores than typically developing subjects in lateralization and working memory capacity measures. The results showed working memory capacity had significantly negative correlation with ITD errors especially with high pass noise stimulus but not with IID errors in APD children. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the impact of working memory capacity on auditory lateralization. The finding of this research indicates that the extent to which working memory influences auditory processing depend on the type of auditory processing and the nature of stimulus/listening situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Moossavi
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Mehrkian
- Department of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yones Lotfi
- Department of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghrat Faghihzadeh
- Department of Social Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamed sajedi
- Department of Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Mishra SK. Medial efferent mechanisms in children with auditory processing disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:860. [PMID: 25386132 PMCID: PMC4209830 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory processing disorder (APD) affects about 2–5% of children. However, the nature of this disorder is poorly understood. Children with APD typically have difficulties in complex listening situations. One mechanism thought to aid in listening-in-noise is the medial olivocochlear (MOC) inhibition. The purpose of this review was to critically analyze the published data on MOC inhibition in children with APD to determine whether the MOC efferents are involved in these individuals. The otoacoustic emission (OAE) methods used to assay MOC reflex were examined in the context of the current understanding of OAE generation mechanisms. Relevant literature suggests critical differences in the study population and OAE methods. Variables currently known to influence MOC reflex measurements, for example, middle-ear muscle reflexes or OAE signal-to-noise ratio, were not controlled in most studies. The use of potentially weaker OAE methods and the remarkable heterogeneity across studies does not allow for a definite conclusion whether or not the MOC reflex is altered in children with APD. Further carefully designed studies are needed to confirm the involvement of MOC efferents in APD. Knowledge of efferent functioning in children with APD would be mechanistically and clinically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta K Mishra
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, New Mexico State University , Las Cruces, NM , USA
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Moore DR. Sources of pathology underlying listening disorders in children. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 95:125-34. [PMID: 25086259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Some children referred to audiology and developmental disability services have listening difficulties, despite normal audiograms. These children may be tested for 'auditory processing disorder' (APD), a controversial construct suggesting that neural dysfunction in the central auditory system leads to impaired auditory perception. An important question, not currently tested in clinical evaluation, is whether listening difficulties result from problems with bottom-up auditory sensory processing or top-down modulating cognition. Perceptual variability and poor performance on standardized tests suggest that listening difficulties are primarily cognitive in origin. However, evidence for impaired olivocochlear function and temporal processing deficits may implicate peripheral or central auditory dysfunction in some cases. Wide-spread, top-down modulation of auditory cortical, brainstem and ear function suggests that afferent and efferent control systems may not be simple to segregate. During normal maturation, hearing appears to develop in proportion to the complexity of both stimuli and tasks. But some younger individuals have mature hearing, highlighting individual differences that suggest APD may be due to a generalized developmental delay. Recent studies have investigated specific hypotheses showing, for example, that spatial hearing and executive function are compromised in some children with listening difficulties. Using speech stimuli (e.g. consonant-vowel syllables) to examine auditory brainstem responses, and psychophysiological relations between dichotic hearing and cortical physiology, various effects of auditory experience and development point the way to promising approaches for further studies of APD. Newer technology, from genetic sequencing to MRI, may have the sensitivity to test whether and how frequently APD is associated with impaired processing in the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Moore
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, S1.300, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether audiologic characteristics of unilateral hearing loss in children were associated with language, cognitive, or achievement scores. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study SETTING Pediatric otolaryngology ambulatory practice PATIENTS Cases (n = 109) were children aged 6 to 12 years with permanent unilateral hearing loss; controls (n = 95) were siblings with normal bilateral hearing. INTERVENTIONS Audiologic characteristics measured included side and severity of hearing loss and word recognition scores in quiet and in noise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cognitive abilities were measured using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; reading, math, and writing achievement was measured with the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test - Second Edition - Abbreviated; and oral language skills were measured with the Oral Written and Language Scales. RESULTS Children with unilateral hearing loss had worse verbal cognitive and oral language scores than children with normal hearing, but there were no differences in achievement scores. Children with profound unilateral hearing loss tended to have worse cognitive scores and had significantly lower oral language scores. Higher word recognition scores of the normal hearing ear in quiet were associated with higher cognitive, oral language, and reading achievement scores. Higher word recognition scores in noise were slightly correlated with higher oral language scores. CONCLUSION As expected, children with unilateral hearing loss had worse language scores than their siblings with normal hearing, with trends toward worse cognitive scores. Children with profound unilateral hearing loss tended to have worse outcomes than children with normal hearing or less severe unilateral loss. However, there were no differences in outcomes between children with right or left unilateral hearing loss.
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Amitay S, Zhang YX, Jones PR, Moore DR. Perceptual learning: top to bottom. Vision Res 2013; 99:69-77. [PMID: 24296314 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Perceptual learning has traditionally been portrayed as a bottom-up phenomenon that improves encoding or decoding of the trained stimulus. Cognitive skills such as attention and memory are thought to drive, guide and modulate learning but are, with notable exceptions, not generally considered to undergo changes themselves as a result of training with simple perceptual tasks. Moreover, shifts in threshold are interpreted as shifts in perceptual sensitivity, with no consideration for non-sensory factors (such as response bias) that may contribute to these changes. Accumulating evidence from our own research and others shows that perceptual learning is a conglomeration of effects, with training-induced changes ranging from the lowest (noise reduction in the phase locking of auditory signals) to the highest (working memory capacity) level of processing, and includes contributions from non-sensory factors that affect decision making even on a "simple" auditory task such as frequency discrimination. We discuss our emerging view of learning as a process that increases the signal-to-noise ratio associated with perceptual tasks by tackling noise sources and inefficiencies that cause performance bottlenecks, and present some implications for training populations other than young, smart, attentive and highly-motivated college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sygal Amitay
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Pete R Jones
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - David R Moore
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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Comprendre le neurodéveloppement du langage, une nécessité pour prévenir les troubles des apprentissages de l’enfant ? Arch Pediatr 2013; 20:994-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dhamani I, Leung J, Carlile S, Sharma M. Switch attention to listen. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1297. [PMID: 23416613 PMCID: PMC3575018 DOI: 10.1038/srep01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the ability to switch attention and selectively attend to relevant information in children (10-15 years) with persistent listening difficulties in noisy environments. A wide battery of clinical tests indicated that children with complaints of listening difficulties had otherwise normal hearing sensitivity and auditory processing skills. Here we show that these children are markedly slower to switch their attention compared to their age-matched peers. The results suggest poor attention switching, lack of response inhibition and/or poor listening effort consistent with a predominantly top-down (central) information processing deficit. A deficit in the ability to switch attention across talkers would provide the basis for this otherwise hidden listening disability, especially in noisy environments involving multiple talkers such as classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Dhamani
- Audiology Section, Macquarie University and The Hearing CRC.
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Moore DR, Hunter LL. Auditory processing disorder (APD) in children: A marker of neurodevelopmental syndrome. HEARING BALANCE AND COMMUNICATION 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/21695717.2013.821756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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