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Chen YA, Miyamoto S, Louis KOS. Public attitudes toward stuttering and cluttering in Chinese and Japanese speech-language pathology students. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2024; 82:106077. [PMID: 39213792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study utilized the Chinese and Japanese translations of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S) and Cluttering (POSHA-Cl) to compare the differences in (a) attitudes towards stuttering versus cluttering in speech-language pathology (SLP) students in either China or Japan, (b) attitudes of SLP students in China versus Japan towards either stuttering or cluttering, and (c) attitudes of Chinese and Japanese students versus international databases for stuttering and cluttering. METHOD The POSHA-S and POSHA-Cl were both administered to 99 SLP students from six universities in China and 352 SLP students from two universities in Japan. RESULTS Attitudes toward stuttering were markedly different for Chinese versus Japanese students. Overall, stuttering attitudes were slightly more positive than cluttering attitudes in both countries; however, compared to China, Japanese SLP students attitudes toward stuttering and cluttering were more disimilar. In addition, compared with the international database, the attitudes of Chinese and Japanese SLP students toward self-reactions to both disorders were more positive. CONCLUSION Chinese and Japanese SLP students' attitudes toward both stuttering and cluttering are likely to be influenced by geography, culture, education, and the "halo effect." The attitudes of the SLP students in China and Japan are more negative than the attitudes as shown in the global data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Chen
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Shoko Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Ma Y, Mason EM, McGinn EM, Parker J, Oxley JD, St Louis KO. Attitudes toward stuttering of college students in the USA and China: A cross-cultural comparison using the POSHA-S. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2024; 79:106037. [PMID: 38301423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the attitudes toward stuttering among college students in China and the USA using the POSHA-S survey, which assesses knowledge about stuttering and attitudes toward it. We investigated how cultural and social differences between the two groups influenced these attitudes. METHODS We collected 199 responses to the POSHA-S survey from various universities in China and the USA. We conducted a statistical analysis of 15 summary scores generated from the POSHA-S to determine if there were significant differences in attitudes toward stuttering between the two groups. Additionally, we retrieved percentile ranks relative to the global POSHA-S database to compare attitudes in both groups with global median scores. RESULTS The study revealed that Chinese college students hold more negative attitudes toward stuttering compared to their American counterparts and the global median scores. We discussed the social and cultural factors that may contribute to these attitudes. Furthermore, our findings emphasized the importance of addressing the lack of accurate information about stuttering in China, which could be a key factor driving these negative attitudes. CONCLUSION These results underscore the urgent need to raise awareness about stuttering and promote a shift in public attitudes, especially among college students in China, who play influential roles in society's future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Boulevard, CLCB 113, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, United States.
| | - Emmalee M Mason
- Prosser Memorial Hospital, 326 Chardonnay Ave., Prosser, WA 99350, United States
| | - Evynn M McGinn
- Signature Home Health, 454 NE Revere Ave, Bend, OR 97701, United States
| | - Jordan Parker
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Fort Hays State University, 600 Park St., Hays, KS 67601, United States
| | - Judith D Oxley
- Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43170 Lafayette, LA 70504, United States
| | - Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 4382, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
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Hughes S, Junuzovic-Zunic L, Mostafa E, Weidner M, Özdemir RS, Daniels DE, Glover H, Göksu A, Konrot A, St Louis KO. Mothers' and fathers' attitudes toward stuttering in the Middle East compared to Europe and North America. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2024; 59:354-368. [PMID: 37715532 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents play a central role in the treatment of childhood stuttering. Addressing parental attitudes toward stuttering is helpful therapeutically. The extent to which differences in attitudes toward stuttering exist on the basis of sex, geographical region and parental status (e.g., parent of a stuttering child, parent of a nonstuttering child, nonparent) is unclear. Many studies investigating such factors have used the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S) questionnaire. A large POSHA-S database has collected responses from over 20 000 people from 49 countries. AIMS The aim of this study was to use the POSHA-S database to examine the extent to which the following variables influence attitudes toward stuttering: (a) parents' sex (mothers vs. fathers), (b) geographic region (Middle East vs. Europe and North America), (c) parents' children (stuttering vs. nonstuttering) and (d) parental status (parents versus nonparents). METHODS & PROCEDURES Data used in this study were extracted from selected, relevant studies that administered the POSHA-S to respondents. The Overall Stuttering Scores were compared on the basis of sex and parent status (i.e., mothers and fathers; nonparent women and men) and were then compared within and across the two geographical areas. Group comparisons were performed using analysis of variance followed by independent t tests, and Cohen's d was calculated to determine effect sizes. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed upon the basis of geographical region. In general, male parents and nonparents tend to have more positive stuttering attitudes among the Middle Eastern samples while female parents and nonparents tend to show more positive attitudes in European and North American samples in the POSHA-S database. Effect sizes were small for all comparisons. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The effect of geographic region and culture may predict sex-based differences among mothers' and fathers' attitudes toward stuttering; however, the clinical significance is unclear. Additional research is needed to better understand how children who stutter are affected by their parents' attitudes toward stuttering. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on this subject The research clearly indicates that attitudes toward stuttering vary according to geographical region. Less clear is whether mothers and fathers from geographically diverse backgrounds hold different attitudes toward stuttering and the extent to which parental status (being a parent, parent of a child who stutters or nonparent) affects attitudes toward stuttering. What this study adds This study's findings confirm that geographical differences do influence attitudes toward stuttering. Male parents and nonparents tend to have equal or more positive attitudes toward stuttering in Middle Eastern samples, whereas non-Middle Eastern female parents and nonparents tend to show hold more positive attitudes. What are the clinical implications of this work? In addition to being culturally sensitive when working with parents of children who stutter, clinicians should also consider that mothers and fathers may have some differences in attitudes and behaviours toward their child's stuttering. These differences should be considered when designing treatment plans. It should also be noted that, despite statistical significance, the effect sizes in this study were low, suggesting that further research as well as close collaboration with parents of children who stutter is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lejla Junuzovic-Zunic
- Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Eman Mostafa
- Phoniatric Unit, Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Sohag University Hospital, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mary Weidner
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Pennsylvania Western University Edinboro, Edinboro, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Sertan Özdemir
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Derek E Daniels
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Haley Glover
- West Virginia Birth to Three, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ayşenur Göksu
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Konrot
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Al Awaji NN, Alfouzan RF, Almutairi AR, Mortada EM. Predictors of public attitudes in Saudi Arabia toward people who stutter. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295029. [PMID: 38127923 PMCID: PMC10734922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S) was used to measure the attitudes of the general population in Saudi Arabia toward people who stutter (PWS) and to identify the predictors of the overall stuttering score (OSS). METHOD A total of 404 adults from Saudi Arabia (16.8% male and 83.2% female) completed an online POSHA-S questionnaire. RESULTS The attitudes of adults in Saudi Arabia were similar to those of other samples worldwide. Working status, income, and multilingualism were substantial predictors of the OSS. CONCLUSION Saudi adults have positive impressions, beliefs, and self-reactions to PWS. However, their knowledge of stuttering tends to be limited. Therefore, campaigns conducted to raise awareness of stuttering should adopt the most widely used sources of knowledge in the Saudi Arabian community (i.e., the Internet and social media). Sociodemographic variables predictive of positive versus negative OSS include working status and multilingualism. Unpredictive variables, that do not predict positive versus negative OSS, include age, gender, education, parental status, health, abilities, and income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Naser Al Awaji
- Department of Health Communication Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Fouzan Alfouzan
- Formerly of Department of Health Communication Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Razen Almutairi
- Formerly of Department of Health Communication Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M. Mortada
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mahesh S, Pushpavathi M, Seth D, Saravanan S, Yaruss JS. Adaptation and Validation of Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering for Adults in Kannada (OASES-A-K). Folia Phoniatr Logop 2023; 76:30-38. [PMID: 37231963 DOI: 10.1159/000531048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychosocial aspects of stuttering may affect the quality of life of a person who stutters (PWS). Further, the social stigma and experiences of PWS may vary globally. The WHO-ICF guidelines recommend quality of life as an essential component in the assessment of individuals who stutter. However, the availability of linguistically and culturally appropriate tools is often a challenge. Thus, the current study adapted and validated the OASES-A for Kannada-speaking adults who stutter. METHOD The original English version of OASES-A was adapted to Kannada using a standard reverse translation process. The adapted version was administered on 51 Kannada-speaking adults with very mild to very severe stuttering. The data were analyzed for item characteristics, reliability, and validity assessment. RESULTS The results revealed floor and ceiling effects for six and two items, respectively. The mean overall impact score indicated a moderate impact of stuttering. Further, the impact score for section II was relatively higher when compared to the data from other countries. The reliability and validity analyses showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability for OASES-A-K. CONCLUSION The findings of the current research suggest that OASES-A-K is a sensitive and reliable tool to assess the impact of stuttering in Kannada-speaking PWS. The findings also highlight cross-cultural differences and the need for research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Mahesh
- Department of Clinical Services, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India
| | - Mariswamy Pushpavathi
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India
| | - Divya Seth
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sivaranjani Saravanan
- Department of Clinical Services, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India
| | - J Scott Yaruss
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Samson I, Schalling E, Herlitz A, Lindström E, Sand A. A Cross-Sectional Investigation of the Impact of Stuttering on Swedish Females and Males in Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:4608-4622. [PMID: 36399792 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to cross-sectionally describe the impact of stuttering on persons who stutter (PWS): children, adolescents, and young adults. Based on previous research on PWS and psychosocial health in the general population, we hypothesized that (a) the adverse impact of stuttering in PWS would be larger among adolescents than children and young adults and that (b) females, especially adolescent females, would report being more adversely impacted by their stuttering than males. METHOD We pooled samples of Swedish PWS, obtaining 162 individuals (75 females and 87 males), aged 7-30 years. We measured the impact of stuttering using age-relevant versions of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES). The relationship between OASES score, age, and sex was described using a polynomial model with an interaction term between age and sex to allow for potential differences between females and males' age-related curves. RESULTS The average trends were that (a) the impact of stuttering was greater for the adolescents than for the children and young adults, and (b) females, especially adolescent females, were on average more impacted by their stuttering than males. Taking self-reported speech fluency into account did not change this pattern. CONCLUSIONS In line with findings on psychosocial health, communication attitude, and self-esteem in the general population, the impact of stuttering seems to be particularly adverse among adolescents, especially female adolescents. Thus, clinicians need to be aware of the risk that young girls who stutter may develop a negative attitude to speech and communication, and this should also be communicated to caregivers and teachers. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21554877.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Samson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellika Schalling
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Speech-Language Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Agneta Herlitz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Lindström
- Logopedics, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anders Sand
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chu SY, Unicomb R, Lee J, Cho KS, St Louis KO, Harrison E, McConnell G. Public attitudes toward stuttering in Malaysia. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2022; 74:105942. [PMID: 36395547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2022.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to: (a) measure public attitudes toward stuttering in Malaysia using the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attitudes-Stuttering [POSHA-S], (b) determine how reported attitudes and knowledge related to stuttering compare to existing data, and (c) determine whether there are differences between groups for identified variables. METHOD A total of 250 adults (mean age = 29 years; range = 19-60 years) completed the POSHA-S in English. We compared this sample's attitudes toward stuttering to POSHA-S data from other global samples. General linear modeling examined differences in overall stuttering score, beliefs, and self reaction subscores for demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, parenting, education, employment status, prior exposure to a person who stutters, multilingual, race, and religion. RESULTS The Malaysian participants' overall stuttering score and the beliefs and self reactions subscores were all considerably lower (i.e., less positive) than the other samples around the world from the POSHA-S database median values. Being male, receiving a higher education, and knowing someone who stutters were linked to having more positive self reactions, but none of those factors was linked to positive or negative beliefs. Those who had previously been exposed to stuttering scored significantly higher than those who had not. CONCLUSION Malaysians may have less positive attitudes toward stuttering than Westerners. More needs to be done to make society more accepting of people who stutter. Future research should aim to find ways to educate and to raise public awareness about stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ying Chu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Rachael Unicomb
- School of Health Science, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology, Leadership, and Counseling, Texas Tech University, PO Box 41071, Lubbock, TX 79409-1071, USA.
| | - Kai Shuo Cho
- Speech Therapy Services, UKM Specialist Children Hospital, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, PO Box 4382, Morgantown, WV 26504, USA.
| | | | - Grace McConnell
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health and Human Services, Rockhurst University, 1100 Rockhurst Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
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Iimura D, Koyama Y, Kondo H, Toyomura A, Boyle M. Development of a short Japanese version of the Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale (4S-J-16): Translation and evaluation of validity and reliability. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2022; 73:105917. [PMID: 35753277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2022.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to develop a short Japanese version of the Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale (4S), which assesses the self-stigma of adults who stutter (AWS) in a self-completed form, and evaluate its psychometric properties and reliability and validity. METHODS After translating the original 4S scale into Japanese (4S-J) through a forward-backward translation process, it was administered to 123 Japanese adults who stutter. A short version of the 4S-J was developed through factor analysis and eliminating items with low loadings to original factors. Reliability was verified by calculating internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Participants also completed the Japanese-translated version of the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Subjective Happiness Scale to verify construct validity. As a secondary analysis, our results regarding psychological properties of the short version of the 4S were then compared to those of studies from other countries. RESULTS Sixteen items were selected for the short version of the scale (4S-J-16), and confirmatory factor analysis verified the original structure of the 4S. We obtained good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Regarding construct validity, our results showed similar correlation with the other selected scales. The value of all scores on the stigma scale in the Japanese cohort was significantly higher than that in the foreign cohort. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the 4S-J-16 has good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity with a three-factor structure of self-stigma in Japanese AWS. The findings suggest that Japanese cultural background increases the stigma scores, thereby enabling us to briefly assess the psychosocial issues of AWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Iimura
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yuika Koyama
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kondo
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Toyomura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Michael Boyle
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montclair State University, Bloomfield, New Jersey, United States
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Węsierska K, Weidner M. Improving young children's stuttering attitudes in Poland: Evidence for a cross-cultural stuttering inclusion program. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2022; 96:106183. [PMID: 35091360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young, nonstuttering children around the world have been shown to hold negative stuttering attitudes characterized by limited knowledge about stuttering and how to be a helpful listener. Educational programming using the Attitude Change & Tolerance program (Weidner, 2015, InterACT) has shown promise in improving American children's stuttering attitudes (Weidner, St. Louis, & Glover, 2018), but the utility of the program in other countries is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the InterACT program among nonstuttering Polish children. METHOD This study was a replication of Weidner et al. (2018). Participants included 43 nonstuttering preschool and first grade Polish children. Children's stuttering attitudes were measured using the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering/Child (Weidner & St. Louis, 2014) before and after participating in the Polish translation of the InterACT program. RESULTS Pre-post results showed statistically significant improvements in children's overall stuttering attitudes. Most notably, children became more knowledgeable about how to be a supportive listener. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence that young children worldwide have uninformed or negative stuttering attitudes, which are amenable to improvement. It also provides support for the translatability and cultural relevance of the InterACT program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Węsierska
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Logopedic Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mary Weidner
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Edinboro University, Human Services Building 247, 215 Scotland Rd, Edinboro, PA 16412, United States.
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Tichenor SE, Herring C, Yaruss JS. Understanding the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering Can Improve Stuttering Therapy. TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS 2022; 42:57-75. [PMID: 35757374 PMCID: PMC9231935 DOI: 10.1097/tld.0000000000000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the value for speech-language pathologists of considering the overall stuttering condition-including speakers' experiences during and around moments of stuttering-in treatment with individuals who stutter. We first highlight a framework for conceptualizing the entirety of the stuttering condition. We then present recent research and clinical perspectives about stuttering to support the claim that speech-language pathologists who account for individual differences in how their clients experience stuttering are better positioned to treat stuttering more effectively. Ultimately, this will yield better treatment outcomes and help clinicians achieve greater gains in quality of life for their clients who stutter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caryn Herring
- Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University
| | - J Scott Yaruss
- Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University
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11
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Gerlach H, Chaudoir SR, Zebrowski PM. Relationships between stigma-identity constructs and psychological health outcomes among adults who stutter. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2021; 70:105842. [PMID: 33713942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2021.105842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the current study, stuttering was conceptualized as a concealable stigmatized identity (CSI). The purpose of this investigation was to determine if four specific stigma-identity constructs that contribute to variability in psychological distress among people in other CSI groups also contribute among adult who stutter (AWS). METHOD 505 AWS completed an online survey that included measures of four stigma-identity constructs in addition to general demographics and measures of self-rated stuttering severity, distress, and adverse impact of stuttering on quality of life. Hierarchical regression was performed to determine the extent that stigma-identity constructs explained variability in psychological health outcomes among AWS. Self-rated stuttering severity was investigated as a moderator in these relationships. RESULTS The stigma-identity constructs accounted for a significant proportion of the variability in distress (∼25 %) and adverse impact of stuttering on quality of life (∼30 %) among AWS. Further, the constructs of salience, centrality, and concealment were positively predictive of distress and adverse impact of stuttering after controlling for demographics and neuroticism. Compared to the other predictor variables (self-rated stuttering severity, demographic characteristics, neuroticism, and the three other stigma-identity constructs), concealment was the strongest predictor of adverse impact of stuttering on quality of life. Finally, self-rated stuttering severity was a moderating variable. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that there are useful applications in conceptualizing stuttering as a type of CSI. Speech-language pathologists should be aware of the relationships that stigma has with psychological health outcomes among AWS and should consider the implications for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Gerlach
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, United States.
| | | | - Patricia M Zebrowski
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, United States
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Croft RL, Byrd CT. Does the clinical utility of self-disclosure of stuttering transcend culturally and linguistically diverse populations? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 23:548-558. [PMID: 33544005 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2020.1861326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Research suggests that self-disclosure can improve listeners' perceptions of stuttering; however, it is unknown whether the effectiveness of self-disclosure transcends culture and language. This study examined the clinical utility of self-disclosure in a culturally and linguistically diverse population: Hebrew-speaking people who stutter in Israel.Method: The experimental protocol replicated Byrd, Croft et al. Participants (N = 92 adults in Israel) viewed a video of either a male or female Hebrew-speaking person who simulated stuttering and self-disclosed informatively, apologetically, or not at all. Participants then rated the speaker on ten traits (i.e. friendly, outgoing, intelligent, confident, engaging, distracting, unfriendly, shy, unintelligent, insecure) using a bipolar likert scale.Result: Results indicated that participants rated the speaker who self-disclosed in a neutral and informative manner as significantly more outgoing compared to the speaker who did not self-disclose at all, supporting the results from Byrd, Croft et al. Additionally, the male speaker was rated as significantly more friendly and outgoing than the female speaker.Conclusion: This study suggests that self-disclosing in a neutral and informative manner can improve listeners' perceptions of people who stutter similarly across culture and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Croft
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Courtney T Byrd
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
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Lefort MKR, Erickson S, Block S, Carey B, St Louis KO. Australian attitudes towards stuttering: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2021; 69:105865. [PMID: 34380103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2021.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative reactions experienced by people who stutter often stem from unfounded attitudes and beliefs in the community. PURPOSE There is a need to better understand current public attitudes towards stuttering in Australia. The purpose of this study was to: (a) explore the attitudes and knowledge of a large sample of the Australian public using the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attitudes-Stuttering [POSHA-S], (b) identify how the reported attitudes towards, and knowledge of, stuttering compare to existing data, and (c) identify differences between groups for variables identified. METHODS A cross-sectional population study using the POSHA-S was conducted in Melbourne, Australia. Comparisons of the attitudes towards stuttering of this sample were made with data from other worldwide samples on the POSHA-S database. The influence on attitudes to stuttering of variables including age, gender, education level, country of birth, employment status and number of languages spoken was explored. RESULTS The Overall Stuttering Score (OSS) of the Australian sample was higher than the median score on the POSHA-S database. This suggests that the Australian public holds more positive attitudes than those other countries represented in the database. Being younger, more educated, employed, female, monolingual, born in Australia and not familiar with people who stutter were related to more positive attitudes for this sample. Some negative stereotypes towards stuttering were noted; people who stutter were identified as 'shy and fearful', and 'nervous and excitable'. CONCLUSIONS While the Australian public has generally positive attitudes towards stuttering, these attitudes still reflect some 'stuttering stereotypes'.
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Üstün-Yavuz MS, Warmington M, Gerlach H, St Louis KO. Cultural difference in attitudes towards stuttering among British, Arab and Chinese students: Considering home and host cultures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2021; 56:609-619. [PMID: 33818900 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographical and cultural differences have been shown to affect public attitudes towards stuttering. However, increasingly for many individuals in the world one's birthplace culture (or home culture) and culture in their local geographical environment (or host culture) are not the same. AIMS The effects of home culture and host culture in shaping the attitudes towards stuttering among students with British, Arab and Chinese home cultures attending one British university were explored. The effects of host culture were investigated by considering the time lived in the UK for Arab and Chinese students. METHODS & PROCEDURES The study used a descriptive survey design that included a standardized self-delivered questionnaire: the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S). Purposive sampling was carried out thorough volunteer mailing lists, student societies and personal contact. The final sample of 156 university students included 51 British, 52 Arab and 53 Chinese students. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Overall stuttering score (OSS), which is indicative of attitudes towards stuttering, was highest for British participants (mean = 30) and lowest for Chinese participants (mean = 13), with Arab participants falling in the middle (mean = 21). The differences in attitudes between the three groups were statistically significant, suggesting that home culture is a contributor to attitudes towards stuttering. A post-hoc item analysis of the POSHA-S revealed numerous specific differences in attitudes towards stuttering between the three groups, including differences in the attribution of the aetiology of stuttering, their role in helping people who stutter (PWS) and sympathy toward PWS. Time lived in the UK-a proxy measure for the role of host culture-did not significantly influence the attitudes of Arab and Chinese respondents. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS To varying degrees, all three groups had evidence of stereotypical stuttering attitudes. Nevertheless, given similar ages and student status in the same university, observed respondent differences confirm previous research documenting geographical influences on stuttering attitudes in Western versus East Asian and Middle Eastern samples. The study also provides evidence that home culture was influential in shaping attitudes towards stuttering, but host culture was not a significant contributor. What this paper adds What is already known on the subject Public stereotypical beliefs towards stuttering are found across the world and hinder the quality of life among PWS. Different cultures have unique stereotypical beliefs towards PWS. What this study adds to existing knowledge To the best of our knowledge, no other study has investigated specifically if individuals who live in the same geographical location but have different home cultures, have similar or differing attitudes towards PWS. Results provide preliminary evidence that the home culture of an individual was influential in shaping attitudes towards PWS, but host culture, measured as the length of time living in the current geographical location, did not have a significant relationship with attitudes towards stuttering. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work This study highlights that culturally sensitive clinical practice should not be based on just the culture of the region but should take home culture into consideration as well, and clinicians should discuss cultural perceptions of stuttering with clients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem S Üstün-Yavuz
- Division of Human Communications Sciences, Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Hope Gerlach
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Nonis D, Unicomb R, Hewat S. Parental perceptions of stuttering in children: a systematic review of the literature. SPEECH, LANGUAGE AND HEARING 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2050571x.2021.1913299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinusha Nonis
- Speech Pathology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Department of Disability Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Rachael Unicomb
- Speech Pathology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Sally Hewat
- Speech Pathology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Arafa A, Senosy S, Sheerah HA, St. Louis K. Public attitudes towards people who stutter in South Egypt. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245673. [PMID: 33539373 PMCID: PMC7861357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Stuttering is a multifactorial speech disorder with significant social and psychological consequences. There is a lack of knowledge about public attitudes towards people who stutter (PWS) and the factors that can determine such attitudes in underprivileged communities. This study aimed to assess the public attitudes in South Egypt towards PWS and compare our results with those stored in a reference database representing 180 different samples. Methods A multi-stage random sampling approach was used to recruit 650 people from Beni-Suef City in South Egypt. All participants were interviewed using the Arabic version of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S) after getting their informed consent. This instrument assesses people’s Beliefs and Self Reactions towards PWS in addition to their sociodemographic characteristics. Results The Beliefs and Self Reactions subscores in addition to the Overall Stuttering Score of the Egyptian sample were remarkably lower than the median values of the reference database (12 versus 34), (-4 versus 2), and (4 versus 18), respectively. TV, radio, and films were the main sources of knowledge about stuttering. Egyptian participants who reported average to high income were more likely to have a positive attitude (≥50% of Overall Stuttering Score) towards PWS than their counterparts with low income (Odds Ratio = 1.57, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.08–2.28). Conclusion People in South Egypt showed a less positive attitude towards PWS compared with other populations worldwide. Further studies should focus on changing the public attitudes towards PWS through awareness programs that consider the cultural perspectives of the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shaimaa Senosy
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Haytham A. Sheerah
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenneth St. Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
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Tichenor SE, Yaruss JS. Variability of Stuttering: Behavior and Impact. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:75-88. [PMID: 33197323 PMCID: PMC8740569 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose It has long been known that stuttering behaviors vary across time and situation. Preliminary evidence suggests that this variability negatively affects people who stutter and that stuttering behaviors are more variable than adverse impact associated with stuttering. More information is needed to determine how variability affects people who stutter and what the clinical and research implications of variability may be. Method Two hundred and four adults who stutter participated in a mixed-methods study exploring (a) how variability of stuttering affects people who stutter in comparison to other aspects of the condition and (b) which aspects of the overall experience of stuttering are variable. Results Analyses indicated that variability is very commonly experienced by people who stutter and that it is among the most frustrating aspects of the condition. Qualitative analyses revealed that variability is experienced in all aspects of the stuttering condition, including the observable behavior other affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions; and the adverse impact of stuttering. Notable individual differences were found in terms of which specific aspects of the condition were more variable for different respondents. Overall, analyses revealed that the variability of different aspects of stuttering can be viewed in a hierarchy from most variable to least variable: more external aspects (e.g., frequency, duration), more internal aspects (e.g., covert behaviors, physical tension), and cognitive-affective experiences (e.g., negative thoughts, feelings, and self-image). Discussion These findings suggest that variability is a common and burdensome aspect of the experience of stuttering and underscore the importance of considering variability in stuttering behavior, reactions, and impact in research, assessment, and treatment for adults who stutter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth E. Tichenor
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - J. Scott Yaruss
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing
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Societal knowledge of stuttering in Saudi population. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:664-668. [PMID: 33424353 PMCID: PMC7783795 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stuttering is a common disease that exists in all societies and ethnic groups of differing incidence rates. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the social awareness of stuttering in the Saudi community on the basis of a questionnaire. We will try to examine the incidence, triggers and duration of stuttering in the Saudi community. This study is descriptive, a questionnaire-based analysis involving the active participation of the Saudi community. The questionnaire, exposure to Stuttering, was addressed and balanced in terms of ethnicity, age and schooling. A total of 1,000 Saudi people was invited to participate in this questionnaire-based survey, with only 878 participants between 18 and 65 years of age participating in the study; most of them were males. In this survey, 79.5% of the Saudi population studies, most of them male (60.5% vs. 25.0% female) claimed that more than 6% of the population had stutters. There was also a substantial correlation between the degree of schooling, sex, and person experience and attitudes towards stuttering. It was often assumed that younger ages were prone to higher instances of stuttering relative to older ages (≤18 years vs 18 years of age). In comparison, handiness and IQ scores did not indicate any correlation with the occurrence of stuttering among the Saudi community. In conclusion, this questionnaire-based analysis, participants of both sexes claimed that more than 6% of the Saudi population were impaired by stuttering, which increased dramatically in males relative to females. They also claimed that both handiness and IQ ratings had little impact on the rate of stuttering. However, scant research on the effects of stuttering has scarcely been reported. Future experiments of effective public education preparation and health actions for stuttering are also welcome.
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Azios M, Irani F, Rutland B, Ratinaud P, Manchaiah V. Representation of Stuttering in the United Sates Newspaper Media. JOURNAL OF CONSUMER HEALTH ON THE INTERNET 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15398285.2020.1810940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Azios
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, USA
| | - Farzan Irani
- Department of Communication Disorders, Texas State University, Round Rock, Texas, USA
| | - Brittany Rutland
- Department of Applied Language and Speech Sciences, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Vinaya Manchaiah
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, USA
- Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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St Louis KO. Comparing and Predicting Public Attitudes Toward Stuttering, Obesity, and Mental Illness. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 29:2023-2038. [PMID: 32857617 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Extensive research on public attitudes has documented stigma toward stuttering, obesity, and mental illness; however, most studies have focused on only one of these conditions. This study sought to compare public attitudes toward stuttering, obesity, and mental illness as well as to identify the predictive potential of four ratings relating to these and other neutral or desirable conditions. Method Five hundred respondents who were selected from each of three international databases filled out the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes (POSHA) for stuttering, obesity, or mental illness. The POSHA surveys were as similar as possible, and all contained four general items asking respondents' "impression" of the attribute, extent to which he or she "wants to be/have" that attribute, "amount known" about the attribute, and "persons known" who manifest the attribute, for stuttering, obesity, and mental illness plus two others, namely, left-handedness and intelligence. The POSHA surveys also had the same summary scores, Beliefs, Self-Reactions, and an Overall Score. Results Summary scores for the three POSHA surveys in the 500-respondent samples revealed negative attitudes toward all three conditions, the most positive being toward obesity, followed by stuttering and then by mental illness. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that various general items had significant prediction potential not only of attitudes for the same condition but also of attitudes for other conditions. The greatest other condition predictions were between stuttering and mental illness. Conclusions Stuttering is regarded as less stigmatizing than mental illness but more stigmatizing than obesity. Additionally, positivity toward one condition results in limited positivity toward the others. Impressions and knowledge of-as well as experience with-stigmatized conditions can inform public awareness campaigns and individual clinical programs dealing with stigma. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12860939.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown
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Chu SY, Sakai N, Lee J, Harrison E, Tang KP, Mori K. Comparison of social anxiety between Japanese adults who stutter and non-stuttering controls. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2020; 65:105767. [PMID: 32535211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adults who stutter (AWS) often develop social anxiety disorder. This study was to provide comparative data on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-Japanese version (LSAS-J) from AWS and non-stuttering adult controls. METHODS LSAS-J, a 24-item self-reported survey of social phobia and avoidance across various daily situations, was administered to 130 AWS (Mean Age = 41.5 years, SD = 15.8, 111 males) and 114 non-stuttering adults (Mean Age = 39.5, SD = 14.9, 53 males). The test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the LSAS-J were assessed. A between-subject multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was also conducted to determine whether attitude toward social anxiety differed between AWS and AWNS, or by age (<40 and ≥ 40 years old), or sex (female and male). RESULTS AWS reported higher scores on both fear subscales of the LSAS-J. Age had no significant influence on the social anxiety levels reported by either participant group. Sex differences were found in the fear subscales, with females scoring higher on both fear subscales, although these were only marginally significant (p = .06). LSAS-J showed good test-retest reliability and high Cronbach's alpha coefficient, indicating that it is an internally consistent measure of attitudes about social anxiety. CONCLUSION Given the similarly high incidence of social anxiety in adults in Japan who stutter compared with those in other countries, social anxiety should be identified and assessed during clinical decision making and before decisions are made about stuttering treatment. LSAS-J is an easy tool to administer, and showed reliable results of social phobia and avoidance for AWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ying Chu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Naomi Sakai
- National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Research Institute, Department of Rehabilitation for Sensory Functions, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8555, Japan.
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership, Texas Tech University, Box 41071, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1071, USA.
| | | | - Keng Ping Tang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Koichi Mori
- National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Rehabilitation Services Bureau, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8555, Japan.
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Onslow M, Kelly EM. Temperament and early stuttering intervention: Two perspectives. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2020; 64:105765. [PMID: 32442826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To discuss clinical applications of research findings about temperament and early stuttering. METHOD A "1000-bytes" format (Onslow & Millard, 2012) was used to provide readers with contemporaneous observation of a "conversation" between the authors. The conversation is proceeded by a prologue and followed by concluding statements from each author. RESULTS One author contended that comprehensive, multidimensional assessment of temperament domains is essential during clinical management of early stuttering, and the results of that assessment are best incorporated into a multifactorial treatment approach. The other author contested that view, arguing that such an approach is not empirically justifiable at present. CONCLUSIONS The authors agree about the salience of research on temperament and early stuttering but have different perspectives about the topic when applied to providing health care for early stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Onslow
- Australian Stuttering Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ellen M Kelly
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, USA.
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Nabieh El-Adawy AAS, St. Louis K, Emam AM, Elbarody ZM, Mostafa E. Attitudes towards stuttering of parents and other family members of children who stutter in Egypt. SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2050571x.2020.1724360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth St. Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Ahmed Mamdouh Emam
- Phoniatric Unit, Otolaryngolgy Department, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Mostafa
- Phoniatric Unit, Otolaryngolgy Department, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Rocha M, Yaruss J, Rato J. Stuttering Impact: A Shared Perception for Parents and Children? Folia Phoniatr Logop 2019; 72:478-486. [DOI: 10.1159/000504221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Previous research has provided information about how school-aged children perceive their own stuttering; however, less is known about how stuttering is perceived by their parents. The ways that parents view their children’s stuttering could influence how the children themselves react to it. This study proceeds to assess how parents’ perceptions of the impact of stuttering relate to the perceptions of children. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Participants were 50 children who stutter aged 7–12 years (mean = 9.10; SD = 1.7) and their parents, recruited from different cities in Portugal. The European Portuguese version of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering was administered to the children, and an adapted version of the tool was administered to their parents. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Both parents and children showed generally similar overall impact ratings, typically falling in the mild and moderate ranges. Differences were observed in families with a history of stuttering: for those families, a comparison of parents’ and children’s scores revealed, in some domains, that parents perceived the impact of stuttering to be greater than the children did, especially related with children’s reactions to stuttering and their quality of life. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Knowledge about how parents perceive the impact of stuttering on their children is important because families can play a key role in helping children cope with stuttering. These findings highlight the benefits of using an individualized treatment approach for each child that focuses on their perceptions, as well as on those of the parents, in order to address negative attitudes toward children’s stuttering.
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Lindström E, Nilsson E, Nilsson J, Schödin I, Strömberg N, Österberg S, Yaruss JS, Samson I. Swedish outcomes of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering in an international perspective. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2019; 45:181-189. [PMID: 31771383 DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2019.1695930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the present project was to translate the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES) to Swedish, and to compare the results with available international data.Method: The Swedish versions of OASES-A, OASES-T and OASES-S were administered to 80 adults, 27 teenagers and 32 children who stutter, respectively. The overall impact scores and the impact scores for each of the four sections of the instrument were analyzed in relation to other studies involving the OASES.Results: The results revealed that all three Swedish versions of OASES had normally distributed outcomes and that they were reliable and valid. The overall impact scores for adults (2.33), teenagers (2.60) and children (2.28) all fell within Impact Rating Moderate. The mean overall impact score for OASES-A-S was significantly lower than corresponding data from USA, Australia and Japan (p < .01). There was no difference between Swedish and American teenagers, or between Swedish and American or Dutch schoolchildren.Conclusion: There seems to be cultural differences in the experience of negative consequences associated with stuttering. This suggests that cultural aspects should be carefully considered in assessment, treatment, and research involving individuals who stutter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lindström
- Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Logopedics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Schödin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Strömberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Österberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Scott Yaruss
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ineke Samson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Glover HL, St Louis KO, Weidner ME. Comparing stuttering attitudes of preschool through 5th grade children and their parents in a predominately rural Appalachian sample. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2019; 59:64-79. [PMID: 30528242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theories relating to young children's social cognitive maturity and their prevailing social groups play important roles in the acquisition of attitudes. Previous research has shown that preschool and kindergarten children's stuttering attitudes are characterized by stronger negative beliefs and self reactions than those of parents. By contrast, 12 year-old children's stuttering attitudes have been shown to be similar to their parents' attitudes. Other research indicates that parental stuttering attitudes are no different from attitudes of adults who are not parents. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore children's stuttering attitudes of preschool through 5th grade children and to compare them to their parents' attitudes. METHOD Children and parents from a rural Appalachian elementary school and child/parent pairs from other areas in the region responded to child and adult versions of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S/Child and POSHA-S). Seven grade levels were included: preschool, kindergarten, 1st grade, 2nd grade, 3rd grade, 4th grade, and 5th grade. RESULTS Confirming earlier research, younger children's attitudes toward stuttering were considerably less positive than those of their parents. As children matured up to the fifth grade, however, their stuttering attitudes progressively were more positive. Parents' stuttering attitudes were quite consistent across all seven grade levels. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with theories of attitudinal development, between the ages of 4 and 11 years, children's measured attitudes toward stuttering improved and gradually approximated the attitudes of their parents and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L Glover
- Department of Communication Disorders & Sciences, 805 Allen Hall, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6122, United States
| | - Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Disorders & Sciences, 805 Allen Hall, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6122, United States.
| | - Mary E Weidner
- Department of Communication Disorders, 1 John Marshall Drive, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
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Al-Shdifat KG, Maayah M, Mayo R, Louis KS. Attitudes of Communication Sciences and Disorders Students at Jordan University of Science and Technology toward Stuttering and People Who Stutter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.12963/csd.18532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shimada M, Toyomura A, Fujii T, Minami T. Children who stutter at 3 years of age: A community-based study. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2018; 56:45-54. [PMID: 29602051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lack of social resources to support children who stutter may be due, in part, to the absence of epidemiological data regarding stuttering. This study investigated the proportion of three-year-old children who stutter in a city located in Hokkaido, a northern island of Japan. METHODS The speech of individual children was assessed as part of a routine, government-conducted health care examination for 3-year-old children. The number of children screened was 2274, or 94.4% of all children in the city. The first author participated in the health care examination, and followed up all of the children who were found to stutter. RESULTS At 3 years of age, 1.41% of the children exhibited stuttering; 82.8% of these children subsequently did not exhibit stuttering six months later. Boys were 1.57 times more likely to stutter than girls, but they had only 86% of the probability of reported or observed fluency seen in girls six months later. Significantly higher probability of later fluency was observed in children who exhibited normal, rather than delayed, language development at the 1.5-year health checkup preceding the 3-year health checkup. CONCLUSION The proportion of three-year-old children who stutter and fluency status 6 months later are reported for a large cohort of Japanese children in Hokkaido. Language skills at 1;6 year may potentially be a factor in natural recovery or persistence; because of limitations in our study design, this assumption requires additional study. This is the first preliminary study to determine the proportion of three-year-old children who stutter in a Japanese community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Shimada
- Sapporo Medical Technology, Welfare, and Dentistry Professional Training, College of Nishino Gakuen School Foundation, Minami 5, Nishi 11, Chuoku, Sapporo 064-0805, Japan
| | - Akira Toyomura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan.
| | - Tetsunoshin Fujii
- Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takayuki Minami
- Minami-Tsukisamu Elementary School, Tsukisamu Nishi 4-8, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-0024, Japan; Japan Stuttering Genyukai Association, Minami-Otsuka 1-30-15, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0005, Japan
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Iimura D, Yada Y, Imaizumi K, Takeuchi T, Miyawaki M, Van Borsel J. Public awareness and knowledge of stuttering in Japan. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2018; 72:136-145. [PMID: 29448988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine laypeople's knowledge and awareness of stuttering in Japan. METHODS A total of 303 respondents, recruited by street sampling, completed a questionnaire assessing the prevalence, onset, gender distribution, occurrence in different races, cause, treatment, association with intelligence, and hereditariness of stuttering. The questionnaire used was a Japanese version of that devised by Van Borsel, Verniers, and Bouvry (1999) for use in Belgium. RESULTS Although around half of the respondents had heard or met a stutterer, they tended to misunderstand the stuttering; e.g., respondents estimated the prevalence of stuttering as high. Knowledge also differed according to age, gender, and education level. Specifically, older individuals, females, and individuals with higher levels of education tended to have greater knowledge of stuttering. In comparing the results of the present study with similar studies conducted in Belgium, China, and Brazil, we observed several similarities and differences. DISCUSSION Although most respondents were to some extent familiar with stuttering, their overall knowledge of the condition was limited. Certain factors could be involved in having knowledge of stuttering, such as one's life experience, cultural background, and social attitudes toward stuttering. The findings suggest the need for growing knowledge and awareness of stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Iimura
- Domo-work (Specified Nonprofit Corporation), 7-26-7, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Fuke Hospital, 2197, Kamekubo, Hujimino-shi, Saitama, 356-0051, Japan.
| | - Yasuto Yada
- Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuya Imaizumi
- Faculty of Healthcare, Tokyo Healthcare University, 3-11-3, Setagaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-8568, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Takeuchi
- Domo-work (Specified Nonprofit Corporation), 7-26-7, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan
| | - Manami Miyawaki
- Domo-work (Specified Nonprofit Corporation), 7-26-7, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan
| | - John Van Borsel
- Department of Logopaedic and Audiologic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185 2P1, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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Valente ARS, St Louis KO, Leahy M, Hall A, Jesus LMT. A country-wide probability sample of public attitudes toward stuttering in Portugal. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2017; 52:37-52. [PMID: 28576292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative public attitudes toward stuttering have been widely reported, although differences among countries and regions exist. Clear reasons for these differences remain obscure. PURPOSE Published research is unavailable on public attitudes toward stuttering in Portugal as well as a representative sample that explores stuttering attitudes in an entire country. This study sought to (a) determine the feasibility of a country-wide probability sampling scheme to measure public stuttering attitudes in Portugal using a standard instrument (the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering [POSHA-S]) and (b) identify demographic variables that predict Portuguese attitudes. METHODS The POSHA-S was translated to European Portuguese through a five-step process. Thereafter, a local administrative office-based, three-stage, cluster, probability sampling scheme was carried out to obtain 311 adult respondents who filled out the questionnaire. RESULTS The Portuguese population held stuttering attitudes that were generally within the average range of those observed from numerous previous POSHA-S samples. Demographic variables that predicted more versus less positive stuttering attitudes were respondents' age, region of the country, years of school completed, working situation, and number of languages spoken. Non-predicting variables were respondents' sex, marital status, and parental status. CONCLUSION A local administrative office-based, probability sampling scheme generated a respondent profile similar to census data and indicated that Portuguese attitudes are generally typical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita S Valente
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA) University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Education and Psychology (DEP) University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Margaret Leahy
- Department of Clinical Speech and Language Studies Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreia Hall
- CIDMA - Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications, Department of Mathematics University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luis M T Jesus
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA) University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; School of Health Sciences (ESSUA) University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Weidner ME, St Louis KO, Nakisci E, Ozdemir RS. A comparison of attitudes towards stuttering of non-stuttering preschoolers in the United States and Turkey. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2017; 64:e1-e11. [PMID: 28470081 PMCID: PMC5843207 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v64i1.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Extensive research documents ubiquitous negative attitudes towards stuttering, but when and how they develop is unclear. This non-experimental, comparative study examined US and Turkish preschoolers to explore the origin of stuttering attitudes cross-culturally. Method The authors compared stuttering attitudes of 28 US and 31 Turkish non-stuttering preschoolers on English and Turkish versions of experimental prototypes of the newly developed Public Opinion Survey on Human Attributes–Stuttering/Child (POSHA–S/Child). Children first watched a short video of two stuttering avatar characters and then answered oral questions about stuttering. Parents completed a demographic questionnaire. Differences in the US and Turkish POSHA–S/Child means were calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results Attitudes of the US and Turkish children were remarkably similar. Children rated most of the items negatively but also rated some items as neutral or positive. They held relatively more negative attitudes towards traits and personalities of children who stutter yet relatively more positive attitudes towards stuttering children’s potential. Conclusion Stuttering attitudes in children appear to be partly independent of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Weidner
- Department of Communication Disorders, Marshall University.
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