1
|
Arjunan P, Kathirvelu D, Mahalingam G, Goel AK, Zacharaiah UG, Srivastava A, Marepally S. Lipid-nanoparticle-enabled nucleic acid therapeutics for liver disorders. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2885-2900. [PMID: 39027251 PMCID: PMC11252464 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited genetic disorders of the liver pose a significant public health burden. Liver transplantation is often limited by the availability of donor livers and the exorbitant costs of immunosuppressive therapy. To overcome these limitations, nucleic acid therapy provides a hopeful alternative that enables gene repair, gene supplementation, and gene silencing with suitable vectors. Though viral vectors are the most efficient and preferred for gene therapy, pre-existing immunity debilitating immune responses limit their use. As a potential alternative, lipid nanoparticle-mediated vectors are being explored to deliver multiple nucleic acid forms, including pDNA, mRNA, siRNA, and proteins. Herein, we discuss the broader applications of lipid nanoparticles, from protein replacement therapy to restoring the disease mechanism through nucleic acid delivery and gene editing, as well as multiple preclinical and clinical studies as a potential alternative to liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Porkizhi Arjunan
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
- Manipal academy for higher education, Mangalore 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Durga Kathirvelu
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokulnath Mahalingam
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Goel
- Department of Hepatology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uday George Zacharaiah
- Department of Hepatology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srujan Marepally
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zangi AR, Amiri A, Pazooki P, Soltanmohammadi F, Hamishehkar H, Javadzadeh Y. Non-viral and viral delivery systems for hemophilia A therapy: recent development and prospects. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1493-1511. [PMID: 37951852 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements have focused on enhancing factor VIII half-life and refining its delivery methods, despite the well-established knowledge that factor VIII deficiency is the main clotting protein lacking in hemophilia. Consequently, both viral and non-viral delivery systems play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life for hemophilia patients. The utilization of viral vectors and the manipulation of non-viral vectors through targeted delivery are significant advancements in the field of cellular and molecular therapies for hemophilia. These developments contribute to the progression of treatment strategies and hold great promise for improving the overall well-being of individuals with hemophilia. This review study comprehensively explores the application of viral and non-viral vectors in cellular (specifically T cell) and molecular therapy approaches, such as RNA, monoclonal antibody (mAb), and CRISPR therapeutics, with the aim of addressing the challenges in hemophilia treatment. By examining these innovative strategies, the study aims to shed light on potential solutions to enhance the efficacy and outcomes of hemophilia therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi Zangi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Pazooki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soltanmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heck K, Farris E, Pannier AK. Formulation of Chitosan-Zein Nano-in-Microparticles for Oral DNA Delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2720:165-176. [PMID: 37775665 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3469-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery via the oral route offers a promising strategy for improving DNA vaccination and gene-based therapy outcomes. The noninvasive nature of oral delivery lends to ease of dosing, which can facilitate convenience and patient compliance. Moreover, oral administration allows for both local and systemic production of therapeutic genes or, in the case of DNA vaccination, mucosal and systemic immunity. Here, we describe the methods to produce a dual biomaterial, oral DNA delivery system composed of chitosan (CS) and zein (ZN). In this system, CS serves to encapsulate and deliver DNA cargo to intestinal cells in the form of CS-DNA nanoparticles (CS-DNA NPs), while ZN is used to form a protective matrix around the CS-DNA NPs that prevent degradation during gastric transit but then degrades to release the CS-DNA NPs for transfection upon entry into the intestines. These particles have demonstrated the ability to effectively protect cargo DNA from simulated gastric degradation in vitro and mediate transgene production in vivo, making them an effective oral gene delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Heck
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Eric Farris
- Adjuvance Technologies Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elkomy MH, Ali AA, Eid HM. Chitosan on the surface of nanoparticles for enhanced drug delivery: A comprehensive review. J Control Release 2022; 351:923-940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Lee Y, Kamada N, Moon JJ. Oral nanomedicine for modulating immunity, intestinal barrier functions, and gut microbiome. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114021. [PMID: 34710529 PMCID: PMC8665886 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) affects not only local diseases in the GIT but also various systemic diseases. Factors that can affect the health and disease of both GIT and the human body include 1) the mucosal immune system composed of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues and the lamina propria, 2) the intestinal barrier composed of mucus and intestinal epithelium, and 3) the gut microbiota. Selective delivery of drugs, including antigens, immune-modulators, intestinal barrier enhancers, and gut-microbiome manipulators, has shown promising results for oral vaccines, immune tolerance, treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, and other systemic diseases, including cancer. However, physicochemical and biological barriers of the GIT present significant challenges for successful translation. With the advances of novel nanomaterials, oral nanomedicine has emerged as an attractive option to not only overcome these barriers but also to selectively deliver drugs to the target sites in GIT. In this review, we discuss the GIT factors and physicochemical and biological barriers in the GIT. Furthermore, we present the recent progress of oral nanomedicine for oral vaccines, immune tolerance, and anti-inflammation therapies. We also discuss recent advances in oral nanomedicine designed to fortify the intestinal barrier functions and modulate the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. Finally, we opine about the future directions of oral nano-immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bianchera A, Bettini R. Polysaccharide nanoparticles for oral controlled drug delivery: the role of drug-polymer and interpolymer interactions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1345-1359. [PMID: 32602795 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1789585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The oral route still represents the most popular way of administering drugs; nowadays oral administration faces new challenges, in particular with regards to the delivery of APIs that are poorly absorbed and sensitive to degradation such as macromolecules and biotechnological drugs. Nanoparticles are promising tools for the efficient delivery of these drugs to the gastrointestinal tract. Areas covered:Approaches and techniques for the formulation of drugs, with particular focus on the preparation of polysaccharide nanoparticles obtained by non-covalent interactions. Expert opinion:Polysaccharide-based nanoparticulate systems offer the opportunity to address some of the issues posed by biotechnological drugs, as well as by small molecules, with problems of stability/intestinal absorption, by exploiting the capability of the polymer to establish non-covalent bonds with functional groups in the chemical structure of the API. This area of research will continue to grow, provided that these drug delivery technologies will efficaciously be translated into systems that can be manufactured on a large scale under GMP conditions. Industrial scale-up represents the biggest obstacle to overcome in view of the transformation of very promising results obtained on lab scale into medicinal products. To do that, an effort toward the simplification of the process and technologies is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bianchera
- Food and Drug Department, Viale Delle Scienze 27/a, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, Viale Delle Scienze 27/a, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Limongi T, Susa F, Cauda V. Nanoparticles for hematologic diseases detection and treatment. HEMATOLOGY & MEDICAL ONCOLOGY 2019; 4:1000183. [PMID: 33860108 PMCID: PMC7610588 DOI: 10.15761/hmo.1000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, as an interdisciplinary science, combines engineering, physics, material sciences, and chemistry with the biomedicine knowhow, trying the management of a wide range of diseases. Nanoparticle-based devices holding tumor imaging, targeting and therapy capabilities are formerly under study. Since conventional hematological therapies are sometimes defined by reduced selectivity, low therapeutic efficacy and many side effects, in this review we discuss the potential advantages of the NPs' use in alternative/combined strategies. In the introduction the basic notion of nanomedicine and nanoparticles' classification are described, while in the main text nanodiagnostics, nanotherapeutics and theranostics solutions coming out from the use of a wide-ranging NPs availability are listed and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Susa
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shende P, Ture N, Gaud RS, Trotta F. Lipid- and polymer-based plexes as therapeutic carriers for bioactive molecules. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:250-260. [PMID: 30641179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, promising strategies of plexes include the complexation of nucleic acids with lipids (lipoplexes) and different kinds of polymers (polyplexes) for delivery of actives and genetic material in abnormal conditions like cancer, cystic fibrosis and genetic disorders. The present review article focuses on the comparative aspects of lipoplexes and polyplexes associated with molecular structure, cellular transportation and formulation aspects. The major advantages of lipoplexes and polyplexes over conventional liposomes involve non-immunogenic viral gene transfer, facile manufacturing and preservation of genetic material encapsulated within the nanocarriers. Lipoplexes and polyplexes enhance the transfection of DNA into the cell by stepwise electrostatic cationic-anionic interaction with DNA backbones. The ease and cost-effective formation of complexes extend their applications in the treatment of cancer and genetic disorders. Lipoplexes and polyplexes necessitate intensive research in the fields of quality, toxicity and methods of preparation for commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
| | - Narayan Ture
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - R S Gaud
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - F Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin P, Chiu Y, Huang J, Chuang E, Mi F, Lin K, Juang J, Sung H, Leong KW. Oral Nonviral Gene Delivery for Chronic Protein Replacement Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1701079. [PMID: 30128227 PMCID: PMC6096992 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201701079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Efficient nonviral oral gene delivery offers an attractive modality for chronic protein replacement therapy. Herein, the oral delivery of insulin gene is reported by a nonviral vector comprising a copolymer with a high degree of substitution of branched polyethylenimine on chitosan (CS-g-bPEI). Protecting the plasmid from gastric acidic degradation and facilitating transport across the gut epithelium, the CS-g-bPEI/insulin plasmid DNA nanoparticles (NPs) can achieve systemic transgene expression for days. A single dose of orally administered NPs (600 µg plasmid insulin (pINS)) to diabetic mice can protect the animals from hyperglycemia for more than 10 d. Three repeated administrations spaced over a 10 d interval produce similar glucose-lowering results with no hepatotoxicity detected. Positron-emission-tomography and computed-tomography images also confirm the glucose utilization by muscle cells. While this work suggests the feasibility of basal therapy for diabetes mellitus, its significance lies in the demonstration of a nonviral oral gene delivery system that can impact chronic protein replacement therapy and DNA vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po‐Yen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute of Biomedical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Ya‐Ling Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute of Biomedical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan (ROC)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/Department of Systems BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Jing‐Huei Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute of Biomedical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Er‐Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei11031Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Fwu‐Long Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologySchool of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei11031Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Kun‐Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging CenterChang Gung University and Memorial HospitalTaoyuan33305Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Jyuhn‐Huarng Juang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismChang Gung University and Memorial HospitalTaoyuan33305Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hsing‐Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering/Institute of Biomedical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/Department of Systems BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Farris E, Brown DM, Ramer-Tait AE, Pannier AK. Chitosan-zein nano-in-microparticles capable of mediating in vivo transgene expression following oral delivery. J Control Release 2017; 249:150-161. [PMID: 28153762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The oral route is an attractive delivery route for the administration of DNA-based therapeutics, specifically for applications in gene therapy and DNA vaccination. However, oral DNA delivery is complicated by the harsh and variable conditions encountered throughout gastrointestinal (GI) transit, leading to degradation of the delivery vector and DNA cargo, and subsequent inefficient delivery to target cells. In this work, we demonstrate the development and optimization of a hybrid-dual particulate delivery system consisting of two natural biomaterials, zein (ZN) and chitosan (CS), to mediate oral DNA delivery. Chitosan-Zein Nano-in-Microparticles (CS-ZN-NIMs), consisting of core Chitosan/DNA nanoparticles (CS/DNA NPs) prepared by ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), further encapsulated in ZN microparticles, were formulated using a water-in-oil emulsion (W/O). The resulting particles exhibited high CS/DNA NP loading and encapsulation within ZN microparticles. DNA release profiles in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) were improved compared to un-encapsulated CS/DNA NPs. Further, site-specific degradation of the outer ZN matrix and release of transfection competent CS/DNA NPs occurred in simulated intestinal conditions with CS/DNA NP cores successfully mediating transfection in vitro. Finally, CS-ZN-NIMs encoding GFP delivered by oral gavage in vivo induced the production of anti-GFP IgA antibodies, demonstrating in vivo transfection and expression. Together, these results demonstrate the successful formulation of CS-ZN-NIMs and their potential to improve oral gene delivery through improved protection and controlled release of DNA cargo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Farris
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Deborah M Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Amanda E Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States; Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States; Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The field of genome engineering has created new possibilities for gene therapy, including improved animal models of disease, engineered cell therapies, and in vivo gene repair. The most significant challenge for the clinical translation of genome engineering is the development of safe and effective delivery vehicles. A large body of work has applied genome engineering to genetic modification in vitro, and clinical trials have begun using cells modified by genome editing. Now, promising preclinical work is beginning to apply these tools in vivo. This article summarizes the development of genome engineering platforms, including meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9, and their flexibility for precise genetic modifications. The prospects for the development of safe and effective viral and nonviral delivery vehicles for genome editing are reviewed, and promising advances in particular therapeutic applications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
- Center for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
- Center for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The undesired destruction of healthy cells, either endogenous or transplanted, by the immune system results in the loss of tissue function or limits strategies to restore tissue function. Current therapies typically involve nonspecific immunosuppression that may prevent the appropriate response to an antigen, thereby decreasing humoral immunity and increasing the risks of patient susceptibility to opportunistic infections, viral reactivation, and neoplasia. The induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance to block undesired immune responses to self- or allogeneic antigens, while maintaining the integrity of the remaining immune system, has the potential to transform the current treatment of autoimmune disease and serve as a key enabling technology for therapies based on cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xunrong Luo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; ,
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang H, Pan J, Chen H, Yuan L. Application of Polyethylenimine-Grafted Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Gene Transfection. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1445:279-87. [PMID: 27436326 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3718-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Polyplexes are one of the most important and promising approaches to deliver exogenous DNA into cells. However, it is severely restricted by the aggregation of polyplexes. Surface-tethered polyplexes can inhibit the aggregation effect and increase the local concentrations of DNA, exhibiting an excellent potential in gene transfection. Since silicon nanowires have the ability to penetrate the cell membrane, branched polyethylenimine (bPEI)-grafted silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWAs) can stimulate gene transfection to a great extent. Herein, the method for the preparation of bPEI-grafted SiNWAs, as an example of surface-tethered polyplexes, is introduced in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Pan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Urbanska AM, Karagiannis ED, Au AS, Dai SY, Mozafari M, Prakash S. What's Next for Gastrointestinal Disorders: No Needles? J Control Release 2015; 221:48-61. [PMID: 26646543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A myriad of pathologies affect the gastrointestinal tract, citing this affected area as a significant target for therapeutic intervention. One group of therapeutic agents, antisense and oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, offer a promising platform for treating a wide variety of diseases ranging from cancer to auto-immune diseases. Current delivery methods are carried out either systemically or locally into diseased areas, both of which involve needles. The challenge in orally administering this type of treatment lies in the complications that arise due to the vast environmental extremes found within the gastrointestinal tract, owing to the fact that, as the drug travels down the gastrointestinal tract, it is subjected to pH changes and interactions with bacteria and a variety of digestive and protective enzymes including proteases, DNAses, and RNAses. Overcoming these challenges to allow the practical application of these drugs is a priority that has invoked a multitude of research in the chemical, biological, and material sciences. In this review, we will address common gastrointestinal pathologies, the barriers to oral-based therapies and antisense-interfering technologies, the approaches that have already been applied for their delivery, and the current status of antisense drug therapy clinical trials for gastrointestinal-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Urbanska
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanouil D Karagiannis
- Synthetic Neurobiology Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew S Au
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032-3802, USA
| | - Si Yuan Dai
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), P.O. Box 14155-4777, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schulz JD, Gauthier MA, Leroux JC. Improving oral drug bioavailability with polycations? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:427-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
In vivo anti-apoptosis activity of novel berberine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles effectively ameliorates osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:34-43. [PMID: 26002585 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Berberine chloride (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that possesses promising protective efficacies against osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, the therapeutic agent of this substance in OA is limited by its poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability and short biological half-life. In this study, chitosan (CS)-based nanoparticles were prepared for the sustained release of BBR. Novel BBR-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) were successfully synthesized by the ionic cross-linking method. BBR-loaded CNs were spherical and homogeneous in shape. Moreover, they exhibited good stability and had ideal releasing profile in vitro. After intra-articular injection of BBR-loaded CNs, the level of BBR in rat plasma decreased and the retention time in synovial fluid increased compared with free BBR solution. In vivo evaluation of BBR-loaded CNs further showed higher anti-apoptosis activity in the treatment of OA compared with BBR solution at equivalent concentration. This result was evidenced by the changes of gross morphology and histological analyses in rat articular cartilage, TUNEL assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax expressions. Given these results, BBR-loaded CNs are potential therapeutic agents for OA.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Hemophilia is an X-linked inherited bleeding disorder consisting of two classifications, hemophilia A and hemophilia B, depending on the underlying mutation. Although the disease is currently treatable with intravenous delivery of replacement recombinant clotting factor, this approach represents a significant cost both monetarily and in terms of quality of life. Gene therapy is an attractive alternative approach to the treatment of hemophilia that would ideally provide life-long correction of clotting activity with a single injection. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of approaches that have been explored for the treatment of both hemophilia A and B, including both in vivo and ex vivo approaches with viral and nonviral delivery vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Rogers
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Roland W Herzog
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Gainesville, FL 32610
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Ganguly K, Chaturvedi K, More UA, Nadagouda MN, Aminabhavi TM. Polysaccharide-based micro/nanohydrogels for delivering macromolecular therapeutics. J Control Release 2014; 193:162-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
20
|
Upadhyay RK. Drug delivery systems, CNS protection, and the blood brain barrier. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:869269. [PMID: 25136634 PMCID: PMC4127280 DOI: 10.1155/2014/869269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Present review highlights various drug delivery systems used for delivery of pharmaceutical agents mainly antibiotics, antineoplastic agents, neuropeptides, and other therapeutic substances through the endothelial capillaries (BBB) for CNS therapeutics. In addition, the use of ultrasound in delivery of therapeutic agents/biomolecules such as proline rich peptides, prodrugs, radiopharmaceuticals, proteins, immunoglobulins, and chimeric peptides to the target sites in deep tissue locations inside tumor sites of brain has been explained. In addition, therapeutic applications of various types of nanoparticles such as chitosan based nanomers, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, niosomes, beta cyclodextrin carriers, cholesterol mediated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles, colloidal drug carriers, liposomes, and micelles have been discussed with their recent advancements. Emphasis has been given on the need of physiological and therapeutic optimization of existing drug delivery methods and their carriers to deliver therapeutic amount of drug into the brain for treatment of various neurological diseases and disorders. Further, strong recommendations are being made to develop nanosized drug carriers/vehicles and noninvasive therapeutic alternatives of conventional methods for better therapeutics of CNS related diseases. Hence, there is an urgent need to design nontoxic biocompatible drugs and develop noninvasive delivery methods to check posttreatment clinical fatalities in neuropatients which occur due to existing highly toxic invasive drugs and treatment methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant Upadhyay
- Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Quade-Lyssy P, Milanov P, Abriss D, Ungerer C, Königs C, Seifried E, Schüttrumpf J. Oral gene therapy for hemophilia B using chitosan-formulated FIX mutants. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:932-42. [PMID: 24679056 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral gene delivery of non-viral vectors is an attractive strategy to achieve transgene expression. Although expected efficacy from non-viral delivery systems is relatively low, repeated vector administration is possible and may help to obtain durable transgene expression in a therapeutic range. OBJECTIVES To test the principle feasibility of using factor (F) IX variants with improved function combined with an optimized oral delivery system in hemophilia B (HB) mice. METHODS FIX modifications were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis into plasmid- or minicircle-based expression cassettes. Vectors were formulated as chitosan nanoparticles for oral delivery to HB mice. Protection of vector DNA in nanoparticle constructs and transfection efficiency were characterized. HB mice received eGFP-formulated chitosan nanoparticles to confirm gene transfer in vivo. FIX expression, phenotype correction and the potential of nanoparticles to induce immunotolerance (ITI) against exogenous FIX were evaluated after repeated oral administration. RESULTS Transfection of HEK 293T cells or livers of FIX-knockout mice with nanoparticles resulted in GFP or functional FIX expression. Oral administration of FIX mutants resulted in exclusive FIX expression in the small intestine, as confirmed by RT-PCR and fluorescence staining. HB mice demonstrated transient FIX expression reaching > 14% of normal activity and partial phenotype correction after oral delivery of FIX mutants with high specific activity and improved tissue release. CONCLUSION The feasibility of oral, non-viral delivery of FIX was established and improved by bioengineered FIX proteins and optimized vectors. Thus, these data might point the way for development of a clinically applicable oral gene transfer strategy for hemophilia B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Quade-Lyssy
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University Clinics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral delivery of therapeutics, particularly protein-based pharmaceutics, is of great interest for safe and controlled drug delivery for patients. Hydrogels offer excellent potential as oral therapeutic systems due to inherent biocompatibility, diversity of both natural and synthetic material options and tunable properties. In particular, stimuli-responsive hydrogels exploit physiological changes along the intestinal tract to achieve site-specific, controlled release of protein, peptide and chemotherapeutic molecules for both local and systemic treatment applications. AREAS COVERED This review provides a wide perspective on the therapeutic use of hydrogels in oral delivery systems. General features and advantages of hydrogels are addressed, with more considerable focus on stimuli-responsive systems that respond to pH or enzymatic changes in the gastrointestinal environment to achieve controlled drug release. Specific examples of therapeutics are given. Last, in vitro and in vivo methods to evaluate hydrogel performance are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Hydrogels are excellent candidates for oral drug delivery, due to the number of adaptable parameters that enable controlled delivery of diverse therapeutic molecules. However, further work is required to more accurately simulate physiological conditions and enhance performance, which is important to achieve improved bioavailability and increase commercial interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Sharpe
- The University of Texas, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Austin, TX 78712 , USA +1 512 471 6644 ; +1 512 471 8227 ;
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Agrawal U, Sharma R, Gupta M, Vyas SP. Is nanotechnology a boon for oral drug delivery? Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1530-46. [PMID: 24786464 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oral route for drug delivery is regarded as the optimal route for achieving therapeutic benefits owing to increased patient compliance. Despite phenomenal advances in injectable, transdermal, nasal and other routes of administration, the reality is that oral drug delivery remains well ahead of the pack as the preferred delivery route. Nanocarriers can overcome the major challenges associated with this route of administration: mainly poor solubility, stability and biocompatibility of drugs. This review focuses on the potential of various polymeric drug delivery systems in oral administration, their pharmacokinetics, in vitro and in vivo models, toxicity and regulatory aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udita Agrawal
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H.S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Rajeev Sharma
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H.S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H.S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Suresh P Vyas
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H.S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oral absorption mechanism and anti-angiogenesis effect of taurocholic acid-linked heparin-docetaxel conjugates. J Control Release 2014; 177:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
25
|
Ilinskaya AN, Dobrovolskaia MA. Nanoparticles and the blood coagulation system. Part I: benefits of nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:773-84. [PMID: 23656264 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is proven to provide certain benefits in drug delivery by improving solubility, increasing uptake to target sites and changing pharmacokinetics profiles of traditional drugs. Since properties of many materials change tremendously at the nanoscale levels, nanotechnology is also being explored in various industrial applications. As such, nanoparticles are rapidly entering various areas of industry, biology and medicine. The benefits of using nanotechnology for industrial and biomedical applications are often tempered by concerns about the safety of these new materials. One such area of concern includes their effect on the immune system. While nanoparticle interactions with various constituents of the immune system have been reviewed before, little attention was given to nanoparticle effects on the blood coagulation system. Nanoparticle interface with the blood coagulation system may lead to either benefits to the host or adverse reactions. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of nanoparticle interactions with plasma coagulation factors, platelets, endothelial cells and leukocytes. Part I is focused on desirable interactions between nanoparticles and the coagulation system, and discusses benefits of using nanotechnology to intervene in coagulation disorders. Undesirable interactions posing safety concerns are covered in part II, which will be published in the June issue of Nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Ilinskaya
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, 1050 Boyles Street, Building 469, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gajbhiye V, Gong S. Lectin functionalized nanocarriers for gene delivery. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:552-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
27
|
Buschmann MD, Merzouki A, Lavertu M, Thibault M, Jean M, Darras V. Chitosans for delivery of nucleic acids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1234-70. [PMID: 23872012 PMCID: PMC7103275 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alternatives to efficient viral vectors in gene therapy are desired because of their poor safety profiles. Chitosan is a promising non-viral nucleotide delivery vector because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low immunogenicity and ease of manufacturing. Since the transfection efficiency of chitosan polyplexes is relatively low compared to viral counterparts, there is an impetus to gain a better understanding of the structure-performance relationship. Recent progress in preparation and characterisation has enabled coupling analysis of chitosans structural parameters that has led to increased TE by tailoring of chitosan's structure. In this review, we summarize the recent advances that have lead to a more rational design of chitosan polyplexes. We present an integrated review of all major areas of chitosan-based transfection, including preparation, chitosan and polyplexes physicochemical characterisation, in vitro and in vivo assessment. In each, we present the obstacles to efficient transfection and the strategies adopted over time to surmount these impediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Buschmann
- Dept. Chemical Engineering and Inst. Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gamboa JM, Leong KW. In vitro and in vivo models for the study of oral delivery of nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:800-10. [PMID: 23415952 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery is an attractive route to deliver therapeutics via nanoparticles due to its ease of administration and patient compliance. This review discusses laboratory techniques for studying oral delivery of nanoparticles, which offer protection of cargo through the gastrointestinal tract. Some of the difficulties in modeling oral delivery include the harsh acidic environment, variable pH, and the tight monolayer of endothelial cells present throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The use of in vitro techniques including the Transwell ® system, simulated gastric/intestinal fluid, and diffusion chambers addresses these challenges. When studying effects after oral delivery in vivo, bioimaging of nanoparticle biodistribution using radioactive markers has been popular. Functional assays such as immune response and systemic protein concentration analysis can further define the merits of the oral delivery systems. As biologics become increasingly more important in chronic therapies, nanoparticle-mediated oral delivery will assume greater prominence, and more sophisticated in vitro and in vivo models will be required.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang X, Sherman A, Liao G, Leong KW, Daniell H, Terhorst C, Herzog RW. Mechanism of oral tolerance induction to therapeutic proteins. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:759-73. [PMID: 23123293 PMCID: PMC3578149 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral tolerance is defined as the specific suppression of humoral and/or cellular immune responses to an antigen by administration of the same antigen through the oral route. Due to its absence of toxicity, easy administration, and antigen specificity, oral tolerance is a very attractive approach to prevent unwanted immune responses that cause a variety of diseases or that complicate treatment of a disease. Many researchers have induced oral tolerance to efficiently treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in different animal models. However, clinical trials yielded limited success. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of oral tolerance induction to therapeutic proteins is critical for paving the way for clinical development of oral tolerance protocols. This review will summarize progress on understanding the major underlying tolerance mechanisms and contributors, including antigen presenting cells, regulatory T cells, cytokines, and signaling pathways. Potential applications, examples for therapeutic proteins and disease targets, and recent developments in delivery methods are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- Dept. Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | | | - Gongxian Liao
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Henry Daniell
- Dept. Molecular Biology and Microbiology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Dept. Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen MC, Mi FL, Liao ZX, Hsiao CW, Sonaje K, Chung MF, Hsu LW, Sung HW. Recent advances in chitosan-based nanoparticles for oral delivery of macromolecules. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:865-79. [PMID: 23159541 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS), a cationic polysaccharide, is widely regarded as a safe and efficient intestinal absorption enhancer of therapeutic macromolecules, owing to its inherent mucoadhesive feature and ability to modulate the integrity of epithelial tight junctions reversibly. By using CS-based nanoparticles, many studies have attempted to protect the loaded macromolecules against acidic denaturation and enzymatic degradation, prolong their intestinal residence time, and increase their absorption by the intestinal epithelium. Derivatives of CS such as quaternized CS, thiolated CS and carboxylated CS have also been examined to further enhance its effectiveness in oral absorption of macromolecular drugs. This review article describes the synthesis of these CS derivatives and their characteristics, as well as their potential transport mechanisms of macromolecular therapeutics across the intestinal biological membrane. Recent advances in using CS and its derivatives as carriers for oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules and their effects on drug transport are also reviewed.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yin L, Song Z, Qu Q, Kim KH, Zheng N, Yao C, Chaudhury I, Tang H, Gabrielson NP, Uckun FM, Cheng J. Supramolecular self-assembled nanoparticles mediate oral delivery of therapeutic TNF-α siRNA against systemic inflammation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5757-61. [PMID: 23610013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yin L, Song Z, Qu Q, Kim KH, Zheng N, Yao C, Chaudhury I, Tang H, Gabrielson NP, Uckun FM, Cheng J. Supramolecular Self-Assembled Nanoparticles Mediate Oral Delivery of Therapeutic TNF-α siRNA against Systemic Inflammation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
33
|
Amphiphilic polyallylamine based polymeric micelles for siRNA delivery to the gastrointestinal tract: In vitro investigations. Int J Pharm 2013; 447:150-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
34
|
Regier MC, Taylor JD, Borcyk T, Yang Y, Pannier AK. Fabrication and characterization of DNA-loaded zein nanospheres. J Nanobiotechnology 2012. [PMID: 23199119 PMCID: PMC3524772 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-10-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Particulates incorporating DNA are promising vehicles for gene delivery, with the ability to protect DNA and provide for controlled, localized, and sustained release and transfection. Zein, a hydrophobic protein from corn, is biocompatible and has properties that make it a promising candidate material for particulate delivery, including its ability to form nanospheres through coacervation and its insolubility under physiological conditions, making it capable of sustained release of encapsulated compounds. Due to the promise of this natural biomaterial for drug delivery, the objective of this study was to formulate zein nanospheres encapsulating DNA as the therapeutic compound, and to characterize size, charge, sustained release, cell cytotoxicity and cellular internalization of these particles. Results Zein nanospheres encapsulating DNA were fabricated using a coacervation technique, without the use of harsh solvents or temperatures, resulting in the preservation of DNA integrity and particles with diameters that ranged from 157.8 ± 3.9 nm to 396.8 ± 16.1 nm, depending on zein to DNA ratio. DNA encapsulation efficiencies were maximized to 65.3 ± 1.9% with a maximum loading of 6.1 ± 0.2 mg DNA/g zein. The spheres protected encapsulated DNA from DNase I degradation and exhibited sustained plasmid release for at least 7 days, with minimal burst during the initial phase of release. Zein/DNA nanospheres demonstrated robust biocompatibility, cellular association, and internalization. Conclusions This study represents the first report on the formation of zein particles encapsulating plasmid DNA, using simple fabrication techniques resulting in preservation of plasmid integrity and tunable sizes. DNA encapsulation efficiencies were maximized to acceptable levels at higher zein to DNA ratios, while loading was comparable to that of other hydrophilic compounds encapsulated in zein and that of DNA incorporated into PLGA nano- and microspheres. The hydrophobic nature of zein resulted in spheres capable of sustained release of plasmid DNA. Zein particles may be an excellent potential tool for the delivery of DNA with the ability to be fine-tuned for specific applications including oral gene delivery, intramuscular delivery, and in the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Regier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Oral gene application using chitosan-DNA nanoparticles induces transferable tolerance. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1758-64. [PMID: 22933401 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00186-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral tolerance is a promising approach to induce unresponsiveness to various antigens. The development of tolerogenic vaccines could be exploited in modulating the immune response in autoimmune disease and allograft rejection. In this study, we investigated a nonviral gene transfer strategy for inducing oral tolerance via antigen-encoding chitosan-DNA nanoparticles (NP). Oral application of ovalbumin (OVA)-encoding chitosan-DNA NP (OVA-NP) suppressed the OVA-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and anti-OVA antibody formation, as well as spleen cell proliferation following OVA stimulation. Cytokine expression patterns following OVA stimulation in vitro showed a shift from a Th1 toward a Th2/Th3 response. The OVA-NP-induced tolerance was transferable from donor to naïve recipient mice via adoptive spleen cell transfer and was mediated by CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. These findings indicate that nonviral oral gene transfer can induce regulatory T cells for antigen-specific immune modulation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Haemophilia care has undergone substantial improvements during the past 40-50 years. Early clotting factor concentrates were not sufficiently refined to enable self-administered treatment at home until the 1970s. Unfortunately, these advances led to transmission of viral diseases including HIV and hepatitis, resulting in an increased burden of morbidity and mortality, especially during the 1980s. Throughout the past two decades, product development, including the advent of recombinant concentrates, has greatly improved the safety and availability of therapy and the focus of care is shifting towards prevention and management of disease sequelae. Long-term substitution therapy (prophylaxis) of the missing clotting factor is the recommended treatment in severe haemophilia, but several research issues remain to be elucidated such as when to start and how to optimise these regimens, and when or whether to stop this expensive treatment. The major side-effect of treatment, development of inhibitors to the infused concentrate, is the main threat to the health of patients and consequently the goal of intense research. Development of new products with improved pharmacokinetics is the next step to improved therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Berntorp
- Lund University, Malmö Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Loo Y, Grigsby CL, Yamanaka YJ, Chellappan MK, Jiang X, Mao HQ, Leong KW. Comparative study of nanoparticle-mediated transfection in different GI epithelium co-culture models. J Control Release 2012; 160:48-56. [PMID: 22326811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral nonviral gene delivery is the most attractive and arguably the most challenging route of administration. To identify a suitable carrier, we studied the transport of different classes (natural polymer, synthetic polymer and synthetic lipid-polymer) of DNA nanoparticles through three well-characterized cellular models of intestinal epithelium (Caco2, Caco2-HT29MTX and Caco2-Raji). Poly(phosphoramidate-dipropylamine) (PPA) and Lipid-Protamine-DNA (LPD) nanoparticles consistently showed the highest level of human insulin mRNA expression and luciferase protein expression in these models, typically at least three orders of magnitude above background. All of the nanoparticles increased tight junction permeability, with PPA and PEI having the most dramatic transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) decreases of (35.3±8.5%) and (37.5±1.5%) respectively in the first hour. The magnitude of TEER decrease correlated with nanoparticle surface charge, implicating electrostatic interactions with the tight junction proteins. However, confocal microscopy revealed that the nanoparticles were mostly uptaken by the enterocytes. Quantitative uptake and transport experiments showed that the endocytosed, quantum dot (QD)-labeled PPA-DNA nanoparticles remained in the intestinal cells even after 24h. Negligible amount of quantum dot labeled DNA was detected in the basolateral chamber, with the exception of the Caco2-Raji co-cultures, which internalized nanoparticles 2 to 3 times more readily compared to Caco2 and Caco2-HT29MTX cultures. PEGylation decreased the transfection efficacy by at least an order of magnitude, lowered the magnitude of TEER decrease and halved the uptake of PPA-DNA nanoparticles. A key finding was insulin mRNA being detected in the underlying HepG2 cells, signifying that some of the plasmid was transported across the intestinal epithelial layer while retaining at least partial bioactivity. However, the inefficient transport suggests that transcytosis alone would not engender a significant therapeutic effect, and this transport modality must be augmented by other means in vivo to render nonviral oral gene delivery practical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Loo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Miao CH. Advances in Overcoming Immune Responses following Hemophilia Gene Therapy. JOURNAL OF GENETIC SYNDROMES & GENE THERAPY 2011; S1:007. [PMID: 22737594 PMCID: PMC3379895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Both Clinical trials and pre-clinical experiments for hemophilia gene therapy showed that it is important to overcome potential immune responses against gene transfer vectors and/or transgene products to ensure the success of gene therapy. Recently various approaches have been investigated to prevent or modulate such responses. Gene transfer vectors have been specifically engineered and immunosuppressive regimens have been administered to avoid or manipulate the immune responses against the vectors. In order to prevent cytotoxic lymphocyte or antibody formation induced by transgene expression, novel approaches have been developed, including methods to manipulate antigen presentation, development of variant genes encoding less immunogenic proteins or gene transfer protocols to evade immune responses, as well as immunosuppressive strategies to target either T and/or B cell responses. Most of these successful protocols involve the induction of activated regulatory T cells to create a regulatory immune environment during tolerance induction. Recent development of these strategies to evade vector-specific immune responses and induce long-term immune tolerance specific to the transgene product will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol H Miao
- Seattle Children's Research Institute & University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Efficient double-strand scission of plasmid DNA by quaternized-chitosan zinc complex. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:1814-7. [PMID: 22257891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
N-[(2-Hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride (HTACC) was prepared to construct a chitosan-based zinc complex (HTACC-Zn(II)) as a catalyst with good water solubility for rapid DNA cleavage. Results indicated that the observed rate constant (k(obs)) of plasmid DNA cleaved by HTACC-Zn(II) could be enhanced by 10(7)-fold compared with that of uncatalyzed DNA cleavage. The kinetic behavior of HTACC-Zn(II) for DNA cleavage is well fitted by Michaelis-Menten model. The results of gel electrophoresis suggested that HTACC-Zn(II) preferentially perform double-strand break of plasmid DNA.
Collapse
|
40
|
Murugeshu A, Astete C, Leonardi C, Morgan T, Sabliov CM. Chitosan/PLGA particles for controlled release of α-tocopherol in the GI tract via oral administration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1513-28. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The physiochemical properties, controlled release characteristics, stability and cellular uptake of chitosan (Chi)/poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PGLA) and PLGA particles with entrapped α-tocopherol were investigated to understand the behavior of these nanoparticles in the GI tract. Materials & Methods: Chi/PLGA and PLGA particles stabilized by lecithin were synthesized and fully characterized for oral gastrointestinal delivery via transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence microscopy. Results: Particle stability was pH- and system-dependent. In vitro release profiles showed a higher percentage of drug released in the intestinal domain by Chi/PLGA as opposed to the PLGA nanoparticles. Fluorescent counterparts of these particles were confirmed to associate with the surface of the intestinal villi, and penetrate deep in the endothelial lining of rabbit intestinal explants, indicating uptake. Conclusion: In vitro and ex vivo results showed that PLGA and Chi/PLGA nanoparticles were efficiently taken up by the GI tract and could be optimized to deliver αtocopherol to the intestine and improve its bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abitha Murugeshu
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Carlos Astete
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Claudia Leonardi
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Timothy Morgan
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li H, LaBean TH, Leong KW. Nucleic acid-based nanoengineering: novel structures for biomedical applications. Interface Focus 2011; 1:702-24. [PMID: 23050076 PMCID: PMC3262286 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoengineering exploits the interactions of materials at the nanometre scale to create functional nanostructures. It relies on the precise organization of nanomaterials to achieve unique functionality. There are no interactions more elegant than those governing nucleic acids via Watson-Crick base-pairing rules. The infinite combinations of DNA/RNA base pairs and their remarkable molecular recognition capability can give rise to interesting nanostructures that are only limited by our imagination. Over the past years, creative assembly of nucleic acids has fashioned a plethora of two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanostructures with precisely controlled size, shape and spatial functionalization. These nanostructures have been precisely patterned with molecules, proteins and gold nanoparticles for the observation of chemical reactions at the single molecule level, activation of enzymatic cascade and novel modality of photonic detection, respectively. Recently, they have also been engineered to encapsulate and release bioactive agents in a stimulus-responsive manner for therapeutic applications. The future of nucleic acid-based nanoengineering is bright and exciting. In this review, we will discuss the strategies to control the assembly of nucleic acids and highlight the recent efforts to build functional nucleic acid nanodevices for nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, PO Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mechanistic studies on the uptake and intracellular trafficking of novel cyclodextrin transfection complexes by intestinal epithelial cells. Int J Pharm 2011; 413:174-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
43
|
Channarong S, Chaicumpa W, Sinchaipanid N, Mitrevej A. Development and evaluation of chitosan-coated liposomes for oral DNA vaccine: the improvement of Peyer's patch targeting using a polyplex-loaded liposomes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:192-200. [PMID: 21194014 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop chitosan-coated and polyplex-loaded liposomes (PLLs) containing DNA vaccine for Peyer's patch targeting. Plain liposomes carrying plasmid pRc/CMV-HBs were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method. Chitosan coating was carried out by incubation of the liposomal suspensions with chitosan solution. Main lipid components of liposomes were phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol. Sodium deoxycholate and dicetyl phosphate were used as negative charge inducers. The zeta potentials of plain liposomes were strongly affected by the pH of the medium. Coating with chitosan variably increased the surface charges of the liposomes. To increase the zeta potential and stability of the liposome, chitosan was also used as a DNA condensing agent to form a polyplex. The PLLs were coated with chitosan solution. In vivo study of PLLs was carried out in comparison with chitosan-coated liposomes using plasmid encoding green fluorescence protein as a reporter. A single dose of plasmid equal to 100 μg was intragastrically inoculated into BALB/c mice. The expression of green fluorescence protein (GFP) was detected after 24 h using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The signal of GFP was obtained from positively charged chitosan-coated liposomes but found only at the upper part of duodenum. With chitosan-coated PLL540, the signal of GFP was found throughout the intestine. Chitosan-coated PLL demonstrated a higher potential to deliver the DNA to the distal intestine than the chitosan-coated liposomes due to the increase in permanent positive surface charges and the decreased enzymatic degradation.
Collapse
|
44
|
Saranya N, Moorthi A, Saravanan S, Devi MP, Selvamurugan N. Chitosan and its derivatives for gene delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:234-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
45
|
Cao H, Dong Y, O'Rorke S, Wang W, Pandit A. PEG based hyperbranched polymeric hollow nanospheres. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:065604. [PMID: 21212483 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/6/065604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new PEG based hyperbranched copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGMEMA-co-EGDMA) was achieved via a one-step in situ deactivation enhanced atom transfer radical polymerization (DE-ATRP). Then, hollow PEG based nanospheres were fabricated from this polymer using a solvent evaporation method and post-stabilisation strategy. Furthermore, the analysis using a cellular metabolic activity assay proved that the copolymer did not affect cellular metabolism, indicating that this PEG based polymeric nanosphere has potential for use in drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Cao
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
O'Neill MJ, Bourre L, Melgar S, O'Driscoll CM. Intestinal delivery of non-viral gene therapeutics: physiological barriers and preclinical models. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:203-18. [PMID: 21262379 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The future of nucleic acid-based therapeutics is dependent on achieving successful delivery. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in delivery via the gastrointestinal tract. Gene therapy via this route has many advantages, including non-invasive access and the versatility to treat local diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, as well as systemic diseases, such as haemophilia. However, the intestine presents several distinct barriers and, therefore, the design of robust non-viral delivery systems is key to future success. Several non-viral delivery strategies have provided evidence of activity in vivo. To facilitate the design of more efficient and safe gene medicines, more physiologically relevant models, at both the in vitro and in vivo levels, are essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J O'Neill
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dhadwar SS, Kiernan J, Wen J, Hortelano G. Repeated oral administration of chitosan/DNA nanoparticles delivers functional FVIII with the absence of antibodies in hemophilia A mice. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:2743-50. [PMID: 20961391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatment of hemophilia A is expensive and involves regular infusions of factor (F)VIII concentrates. The supply of functional FVIII is further compromised by the generation of neutralizing antibodies. Thus, the development of an alternative safe, cost effective, non-invasive treatment that circumvents immune response induction is desirable. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of oral administration of chitosan nanoparticles containing FVIII DNA to provide sustainable FVIII activity in hemophilia A mice. METHODS Nanoparticles were characterized for morphology, DNA protection and transfection efficiency. Oral administration of nanoparticles containing canine FVIII in C57Bl/6 FVIII(-/-) hemophilia A mice was evaluated for biodistribution, plasma FVIII activity and phenotypic correction. Sustainable FVIII expression was elucidated after repeated nanoparticle administration. Immune responses to repeated oral nanoparticle administration were also investigated. RESULTS Chitosan nanoparticles had a particle size range of 200-400 nm and protected DNA from endonuclease and pH degradation. In addition, nanoparticles transfected HEK 293 cells resulted in expression of eGFP, luciferase and FVIII. Hemophilia A mice that ingested chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated transient canine FVIII expression reaching > 100 mU 1 day after treatment, together with partial phenotypic correction. The delivered FVIII plasmid DNA was detected in the intestine and, to a lesser extent, in the liver. Importantly, repeated weekly administrations restored FVIII activity. Furthermore, inhibitors and non-neutralizing FVIII antibodies were not detectable. CONCLUSIONS Repeat oral administration of FVIII DNA formulated in chitosan nanoparticles resulted in sustained FVIII activity in hemophilic mice, and thus may provide a non-invasive alternative treatment for hemophilia A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Dhadwar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liao IC, Leong KW. Efficacy of engineered FVIII-producing skeletal muscle enhanced by growth factor-releasing co-axial electrospun fibers. Biomaterials 2010; 32:1669-77. [PMID: 21084118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Co-axial electrospun fibers can offer both topographical and biochemical cues for tissue engineering applications. In this study, we demonstrate the sustained treatment of hemophilia through a non-viral, tissue engineering approach facilitated by growth factor-releasing co-axial electrospun fibers. FVIII-producing skeletal myotubes were first engineered on aligned electrospun fibers in vitro, followed by implantation in hemophilic mice with or without a layer of core-shell electrospun fibers designed to provide sustained delivery of angiogenic or lymphangiogenic growth factors, which serves to stimulate the lymphatic or vascular systems to enhance the FVIII transport from the implant site into systemic circulation. Upon subcutaneous implantation into hemophilic mice, the construct seamlessly integrated with the host tissue within one month, and specifically induced either vascular or lymphatic network infiltration in accordance with the growth factors released from the electrospun fibers. Engineered constructs that induced angiogenesis resulted in sustained elevation of plasma FVIII and significantly reduced blood coagulation time for at least 2-months. Biomaterials-assisted functional tissue engineering was shown in this study to offer protein replacement therapy for a genetic disorder such as hemophilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Chien Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Salvay DM, Zelivyanskaya M, Shea LD. Gene delivery by surface immobilization of plasmid to tissue-engineering scaffolds. Gene Ther 2010; 17:1134-41. [PMID: 20485383 PMCID: PMC2927809 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds that serve as vehicles for gene delivery to promote expression of inductive factors have numerous regenerative medicine applications. In this report, we investigate plasmid delivery from biomaterial scaffolds using a surface immobilization strategy. Porous scaffolds were fabricated from poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG), and plasmids were immobilized by drying. In vitro plasmid release indicated that the majority (>70%) of adsorbed plasmids were released within 24 h and >98% within 3 days; however, in vivo implantation of the scaffolds at the subcutaneous site yielded transgene expression that persisted for at least 28 weeks and was localized to the site of implantation. Histological analysis of DNA-adsorbed scaffolds indicated that macrophages at the scaffold were transfected in the first 2 weeks after implantation, whereas muscle cells adjacent to the implant primarily expressed the transgene at 4 weeks. In addition to localized gene expression, a secreted protein (human factor IX) was retained at the implant site and not available systemically after 3 days, indicating minimal off-target effects. These findings show that surface immobilization of plasmid onto microporous PLG scaffolds can produce localized and long-term gene expression in vivo, which may be used to enhance the bioactivity of scaffolds used for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Salvay
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lai WF, Lin MCM. Nucleic acid delivery with chitosan and its derivatives. J Control Release 2008; 134:158-68. [PMID: 19100795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring cationic mucopolysaccharide. It is generally biocompatible, biodegradable, mucoadhesive, non-immunogenic and non-toxic. Although chitosan is able to condense nucleic acids (NA) (both DNA and RNA) and protect them from nuclease degradation, its poor water solubility and low transfection efficacy have impeded its use as an NA carrier. In order to overcome such limitations, a multitude of strategies for chitosan modification and formulation have been proposed. In this article, we will first give a brief overview of the physical and biological properties of chitosan. Then, with a special focus on plasmid DNA delivery, we will have a detailed discussion of the latest advances in chitosan-mediated NA transfer. For future research, the following three important areas will be discussed: chitosan-mediated therapeutic small RNA transfer, structure-activity relationships (SAR) in chitosan vector design, and chitosan-mediated oral/nasal NA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | | |
Collapse
|