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Mehraji S, DeVoe DL. Microfluidic synthesis of lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery: recent advances and opportunities. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1154-1174. [PMID: 38165786 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00821e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies are revolutionizing the synthesis of nanoscale lipid particles and enabling new opportunities for the production of lipid-based nanomedicines. By harnessing the benefits of microfluidics for controlling diffusive and advective transport within microfabricated flow cells, microfluidic platforms enable unique capabilities for lipid nanoparticle synthesis with precise and tunable control over nanoparticle properties. Here we present an assessment of the current state of microfluidic technologies for lipid-based nanoparticle and nanomedicine production. Microfluidic techniques are discussed in the context of conventional production methods, with an emphasis on the capabilities of microfluidic systems for controlling nanoparticle size and size distribution. Challenges and opportunities associated with the scaling of manufacturing throughput are discussed, together with an overview of emerging microfluidic methods for lipid nanomedicine post-processing. The impact of additive manufacturing on current and future microfluidic platforms is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Mehraji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Don L DeVoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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2
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Ali MS, Hooshmand N, El-Sayed M, Labouta HI. Microfluidics for Development of Lipid Nanoparticles: Paving the Way for Nucleic Acids to the Clinic. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3566-3576. [PMID: 35014835 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics hold an unprecedented promise toward treating many challenging diseases; however, their use is hampered by delivery issues. Microfluidics, dealing with fluids in the microscale dimensions, have provided a robust means to screening raw materials for development of nano delivery vectors, in addition to controlling their size and minimizing their polydispersity. In this mini-review, we are briefly highlighting the different types of nucleic acid therapies with emphasis on the delivery requirement for each type. We provide a thorough review of available methods for the development of nanoparticles, especially lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that resulted in FDA approval of the first ever nucleic acid nanomedicine. We then focus on recent research attempts for how microfluidic synthesis of lipid nanoparticles and discuss the various parameters required for successful formulation of LPNs including chip design, flow regimes, and lipid composition. We then identify key areas of research in microfluidics and related fields that require attention for future success in clinical translation of nucleic acid nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa S Ali
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
- Children Hospital's Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Nasrin Hooshmand
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mostafa El-Sayed
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hagar I Labouta
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
- Children Hospital's Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V6, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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3
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Fei Q, Shalosky EM, Barnes R, Shukla VC, Xu S, Ballinger MN, Farkas L, Lee RJ, Ghadiali SN, Englert JA. Macrophage-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery of microRNA-146a to Mitigate Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16539-16552. [PMID: 37595605 PMCID: PMC10754353 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory response of alveolar macrophages to injurious physical forces during mechanical ventilation is regulated by the anti-inflammatory microRNA, miR-146a. Increasing miR-146a expression to supraphysiologic levels using untargeted lipid nanoparticles reduces ventilator-induced lung injury but requires a high initial dose of miR-146a making it less clinically applicable. In this study, we developed mannosylated lipid nanoparticles that can effectively mitigate lung injury at the initiation of mechanical ventilation with lower doses of miR-146a. We used a physiologically relevant humanized in vitro coculture system to evaluate the cell-specific targeting efficiency of the mannosylated lipid nanoparticle. We discovered that mannosylated lipid nanoparticles preferentially deliver miR-146a to alveolar macrophages and reduce force-induced inflammation in vitro. Our in vivo study using a clinically relevant mouse model of hemorrhagic shock-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome demonstrated that delivery of a low dose of miR-146a (0.1 nmol) using mannosylated lipid nanoparticles dramatically increases miR-146a levels in mouse alveolar macrophages and decreases lung inflammation. These data suggest that mannosylated lipid nanoparticles may have the therapeutic potential to mitigate lung injury during mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Fei
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emily M. Shalosky
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus OH 43210, USA
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ryelie Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus OH 43210, USA
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vasudha C. Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Siying Xu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Megan N. Ballinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus OH 43210, USA
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Samir N. Ghadiali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua A. Englert
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus OH 43210, USA
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Piunti C, Cimetta E. Microfluidic approaches for producing lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery applications. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:031304. [PMID: 38505779 PMCID: PMC10903496 DOI: 10.1063/5.0150345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The importance of drug delivery for disease treatment is supported by a vast literature and increasing ongoing clinical studies. Several categories of nano-based drug delivery systems have been considered in recent years, among which lipid-based nanomedicines, both artificial and cell-derived, remain the most approved. The best artificial systems in terms of biocompatibility and low toxicity are liposomes, as they are composed of phospholipids and cholesterol, the main components of cell membranes. Extracellular vesicles-biological nanoparticles released from cells-while resembling liposomes in size, shape, and structure, have a more complex composition with up to hundreds of different types of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates in their membranes, as well as an internal cargo. Although nanoparticle technologies have revolutionized drug delivery by enabling passive and active targeting, increased stability, improved solubilization capacity, and reduced dose and adverse effects, the clinical translation remains challenging due to manufacturing limitations such as laborious and time-consuming procedures and high batch-to-batch variability. A sea change occurred when microfluidic strategies were employed, offering advantages in terms of precise particle handling, simplified workflows, higher sensitivity and specificity, and good reproducibility and stability over bulk methods. This review examines scientific advances in the microfluidics-mediated production of lipid-based nanoparticles for therapeutic applications. We will discuss the preparation of liposomes using both hydrodynamic focusing of microfluidic flow and mixing by herringbone and staggered baffle micromixers. Then, an overview on microfluidic approaches for producing extracellular vesicles and extracellular vesicles-mimetics for therapeutic applications will describe microfluidic extrusion, surface engineering, sonication, electroporation, nanoporation, and mixing. Finally, we will outline the challenges, opportunities, and future directions of microfluidic investigation of lipid-based nanoparticles in the clinic.
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Cao X, Liu Q, Adu-Frimpong M, Shi W, Liu K, Deng T, Yuan H, Weng X, Gao Y, Yu Q, Deng W, Yu J, Wang Q, Xiao G, Xu X. Microfluidic Generation of Near-Infrared Photothermal Vitexin/ICG Liposome with Amplified Photodynamic Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:82. [PMID: 36949351 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma, in which a malignant tumor cell occurs in neural mesenchymal cells, has a rapid progression and poor prognosis, which is still far from desirable in clinical treatments. We developed a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for the rapid and efficient preparation of vitexin/indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes. Vitexin could be released from liposome to kill cancer cell, which can potentially improve the glioma therapeutic effect and reduce the treatment time through synergistic photodynamic/photothermal therapies (PDT/PTT). The vitexin/ICG liposome was fabricated via LOC and its physicochemical property and release in vitro were evaluated. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and live/dead staining were used to examine the enhanced antitumor effect of vitexin/ICG liposome in cooperation with PDT/PTT, while the related mechanism was explored by flow cytometry and western blot. The results were as follows: (1) The prepared vitexin/ICG liposome was smaller in size, homogenous in particle size distribution with significant low polydispersity index (PDI), and enhanced cumulative release in vitro. (2) We found that the formulated liposome presented strong cancer cell inhibition and suppression of its migration in a dose-dependent manner. (3) Further mechanistic studies showed that liposome combined with near-infrared irradiation could significantly upregulate levels of B cell lymphoma 2-associated X (Bax) protein and decrease B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) at protein levels. The vitexin/ICG liposomes prepared based on a simple LOC platform can effectively enhance the solubility of insoluble drugs, and the combined effect of PTT/PDT can effectively increase their antitumor effect, which provides a simple and valid method for the clinical translation of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Adu-Frimpong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences (CKT-UTAS), Navrongo, UK-0215-5321, Ghana
| | - Wenwan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedi Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gao Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China.
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Centre for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China.
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Fei Q, Shalosky EM, Barnes R, Shukla VC, Ballinger MN, Farkas L, Lee RJ, Ghadiali SN, Englert JA. Macrophage-targeted lipid nanoparticle delivery of microRNA-146a to mitigate hemorrhagic shock-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.17.529007. [PMID: 36824913 PMCID: PMC9949132 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.529007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory response of alveolar macrophages to injurious physical forces during mechanical ventilation is regulated by the anti-inflammatory microRNA, miR-146a. Increasing miR-146a expression to supraphysiologic levels using untargeted lipid nanoparticles reduces ventilator-induced lung injury, but requires a high initial dose of miR-146a making it less clinically applicable. In this study, we developed mannosylated lipid nanoparticles that can effectively mitigate lung injury at the initiation of mechanical ventilation with lower doses of miR-146a. We used a physiologically relevant humanized in vitro co-culture system to evaluate the cell-specific targeting efficiency of the mannosylated lipid nanoparticle. We discovered that mannosylated lipid nanoparticles preferentially deliver miR-146a to alveolar macrophages and reduce force-induced inflammation in vitro . Our in vivo study using a clinically relevant mouse model of hemorrhagic shock-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome demonstrated that delivery of a low dose miR-146a (0.1 nmol) using mannosylated lipid nanoparticles dramatically increases miR-146a in mouse alveolar macrophages and decreases lung inflammation. These data suggest that mannosylated lipid nanoparticles may have therapeutic potential to mitigate lung injury during mechanical ventilation.
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7
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Seo H, Jeon L, Kwon J, Lee H. High-Precision Synthesis of RNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203033. [PMID: 36737864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of RNA-based therapeutics in delivering nucleic acids for gene editing and regulating protein translation has led to the effective treatment of various diseases including cancer, inflammatory and genetic disorder, as well as infectious diseases. Among these, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as a promising platform for RNA delivery and have shed light by resolving the inherent instability issues of naked RNA and thereby enhancing the therapeutic potency. These LNP consisting of ionizable lipid, helper lipid, cholesterol, and poly(ethylene glycol)-anchored lipid can stably enclose RNA and help them release into the cells' cytosol. Herein, the significant progress made in LNP research starting from the LNP constituents, formulation, and their diverse applications is summarized first. Moreover, the microfluidic methodologies which allow precise assembly of these newly developed constituents to achieve LNP with controllable composition and size, high encapsulation efficiency as well as scalable production are highlighted. Furthermore, a short discussion on current challenges as well as an outlook will be given on emerging approaches to resolving these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Leekang Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
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Wang S, Chen Y, Guo J, Huang Q. Liposomes for Tumor Targeted Therapy: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032643. [PMID: 36768966 PMCID: PMC9916501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes, the most widely studied nano-drug carriers in drug delivery, are sphere-shaped vesicles consisting of one or more phospholipid bilayers. Compared with traditional drug delivery systems, liposomes exhibit prominent properties that include targeted delivery, high biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy functionalization, low toxicity, improvements in the sustained release of the drug it carries and improved therapeutic indices. In the wake of the rapid development of nanotechnology, the studies of liposome composition have become increasingly extensive. The molecular diversity of liposome composition, which includes long-circulating PEGylated liposomes, ligand-functionalized liposomes, stimuli-responsive liposomes, and advanced cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanocarriers, endows their drug delivery with unique physiological functions. This review describes the composition, types and preparation methods of liposomes, and discusses their targeting strategies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shile Wang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road No. 2, Zhengzhou 450014, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Daxuebei Road No. 40, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road No. 2, Zhengzhou 450014, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Daxuebei Road No. 40, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jiancheng Guo
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road No. 2, Zhengzhou 450014, China
| | - Qinqin Huang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road No. 2, Zhengzhou 450014, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Daxuebei Road No. 40, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Correspondence:
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Souri M, Soltani M, Moradi Kashkooli F, Kiani Shahvandi M, Chiani M, Shariati FS, Mehrabi MR, Munn LL. Towards principled design of cancer nanomedicine to accelerate clinical translation. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100208. [PMID: 35198957 PMCID: PMC8841842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology in medical applications, especially in oncology as drug delivery systems, has recently shown promising results. However, although these advances have been promising in the pre-clinical stages, the clinical translation of this technology is challenging. To create drug delivery systems with increased treatment efficacy for clinical translation, the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles such as size, shape, elasticity (flexibility/rigidity), surface chemistry, and surface charge can be specified to optimize efficiency for a given application. Consequently, interdisciplinary researchers have focused on producing biocompatible materials, production technologies, or new formulations for efficient loading, and high stability. The effects of design parameters can be studied in vitro, in vivo, or using computational models, with the goal of understanding how they affect nanoparticle biophysics and their interactions with cells. The present review summarizes the advances and technologies in the production and design of cancer nanomedicines to achieve clinical translation and commercialization. We also highlight existing challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Key Words
- CFL, Cell-free layer
- CGMD, Coarse-grained molecular dynamic
- Clinical translation
- DPD, Dissipative particle dynamic
- Drug delivery
- Drug loading
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- EPR, Permeability and retention
- IFP, Interstitial fluid pressure
- MD, Molecular dynamic
- MDR, Multidrug resistance
- MEC, Minimum effective concentration
- MMPs, Matrix metalloproteinases
- MPS, Mononuclear phagocyte system
- MTA, Multi-tadpole assemblies
- MTC, Minimum toxic concentration
- Nanomedicine
- Nanoparticle design
- RBC, Red blood cell
- TAF, Tumor-associated fibroblast
- TAM, Tumor-associated macrophage
- TIMPs, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TME, Tumor microenvironment
- Tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Souri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Computational Medicine Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohsen Chiani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Lance L. Munn
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Logesh D, Vallikkadan MS, Leena MM, Moses J, Anandharamakrishnan C. Advances in microfluidic systems for the delivery of nutraceutical ingredients. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Ilhan-Ayisigi E, Ghazal A, Sartori B, Dimaki M, Svendsen WE, Yesil-Celiktas O, Yaghmur A. Continuous Microfluidic Production of Citrem-Phosphatidylcholine Nano-Self-Assemblies for Thymoquinone Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1510. [PMID: 34200457 PMCID: PMC8229635 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lamellar and non-lamellar liquid crystalline nanodispersions, including liposomes, cubosomes, and hexosomes are attractive platforms for drug delivery, bio-imaging, and related pharmaceutical applications. As compared to liposomes, there is a modest number of reports on the continuous production of cubosomes and hexosomes. Using a binary lipid mixture of citrem and soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC), we describe the continuous production of nanocarriers for delivering thymoquinone (TQ, a substance with various therapeutic potentials) by employing a commercial microfluidic hydrodynamic flow-focusing chip. In this study, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were employed to characterize TQ-free and TQ-loaded citrem/SPC nanodispersions. Microfluidic synthesis led to formation of TQ-free and TQ-loaded nanoparticles with mean sizes around 115 and 124 nm, and NTA findings indicated comparable nanoparticle size distributions in these nanodispersions. Despite the attractiveness of the microfluidic chip for continuous production of citrem/SPC nano-self-assemblies, it was not efficient as comparable mean nanoparticle sizes were obtained on employing a batch (discontinuous) method based on low-energy emulsification method. SAXS results indicated the formation of a biphasic feature of swollen lamellar (Lα) phase in coexistence with an inverse bicontinuous cubic Pn3m phase in all continuously produced TQ-free and TQ-loaded nanodispersions. Further, a set of SAXS experiments were conducted on samples prepared using the batch method for gaining further insight into the effects of ethanol and TQ concentration on the structural features of citrem/SPC nano-self-assemblies. We discuss these effects and comment on the need to introduce efficient microfluidic platforms for producing nanocarriers for delivering TQ and other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Ilhan-Ayisigi
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey; (E.I.-A.); (O.Y.-C.)
- Genetic and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, 40100 Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Aghiad Ghazal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Barbara Sartori
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/4, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maria Dimaki
- DTU Bioengineering—Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Bldg. 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.D.); (W.E.S.)
| | - Winnie Edith Svendsen
- DTU Bioengineering—Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Bldg. 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.D.); (W.E.S.)
| | - Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey; (E.I.-A.); (O.Y.-C.)
| | - Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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12
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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13
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Advances in microfluidic synthesis and coupling with synchrotron SAXS for continuous production and real-time structural characterization of nano-self-assemblies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111633. [PMID: 33639513 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms have become highly attractive tools for synthesis of nanoparticles, including lipid nano-self-assemblies, owing to unique features and at least three important aspects inherent to miniaturized micro-devices. Firstly, the fluids flow under controlled conditions in the microchannels, providing well-defined flow profiles and shorter diffusion lengths that play important roles in enhancing the continuous production of lipid and polymer nanoparticles with relatively narrow size distributions. Secondly, various geometries adapted to microfluidic device designs can be utilized for enhancing the colloidal stability of nanoparticles and improving their drug loading. Thirdly, microfluidic devices are usually compatible with in situ characterization methods for real-time monitoring of processes occurring inside the microchannels. This is unlike conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods, where a final solution or withdrawn aliquots are separately analysed. These features inherent to microfluidic devices provide a tool-set allowing not only precise nanoparticle size control, but also real-time analyses for process optimization. In this review, we focus on recent advances and developments in the use of microfluidic devices for synthesis of lipid nanoparticles. We present different designs based on hydrodynamic flow focusing, droplet-based methods and controlled microvortices, and discuss integration of microfluidic platforms with synchrotron small-angle X ray scattering (SAXS) for in situ structural characterization of lipid nano-self-assemblies under continuous flow conditions, along with major challenges and future directions in this research area.
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14
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Ge X, Chen L, Zhao B, Yuan W. Rationale and Application of PEGylated Lipid-Based System for Advanced Target Delivery of siRNA. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:598175. [PMID: 33716725 PMCID: PMC7944141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology has become a powerful tool in application of unraveling the mechanism of disease and may hold the potential to be developed for clinical uses. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can bind to target mRNA with high specificity and efficacy and thus inhibit the expression of related protein for the purpose of treatment of diseases. The major challenge for RNAi application is how to improve its stability and bioactivity and therefore deliver therapeutic agents to the target sites with high efficiency and accuracy. PEGylated lipid-based delivery system has been widely used for development of various medicines due to its long circulating half-life time, low toxicity, biocompatibility, and easiness to be scaled up. The PEGylated lipid-based delivery system may also provide platform for targeting delivery of nucleic acids, and some of the research works have moved to the phases for clinical trials. In this review, we introduced the mechanism, major challenges, and strategies to overcome technical barriers of PEGylated lipid-based delivery systems for advanced target delivery of siRNA in vivo. We also summarized recent advance of PEGylated lipid-based siRNA delivery systems and included some successful research works in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ge
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weien Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Lipid-Nucleic Acid Complexes: Physicochemical Aspects and Prospects for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215006. [PMID: 33126767 PMCID: PMC7662579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an extremely complex disease, typically caused by mutations in cancer-critical genes. By delivering therapeutic nucleic acids (NAs) to patients, gene therapy offers the possibility to supplement, repair or silence such faulty genes or to stimulate their immune system to fight the disease. While the challenges of gene therapy for cancer are significant, the latter approach (a type of immunotherapy) starts showing promising results in early-stage clinical trials. One important advantage of NA-based cancer therapies over synthetic drugs and protein treatments is the prospect of a more universal approach to designing therapies. Designing NAs with different sequences, for different targets, can be achieved by using the same technologies. This versatility and scalability of NA drug design and production on demand open the way for more efficient, affordable and personalized cancer treatments in the future. However, the delivery of exogenous therapeutic NAs into the patients’ targeted cells is also challenging. Membrane-type lipids exhibiting permanent or transient cationic character have been shown to associate with NAs (anionic), forming nanosized lipid-NA complexes. These complexes form a wide variety of nanostructures, depending on the global formulation composition and properties of the lipids and NAs. Importantly, these different lipid-NA nanostructures interact with cells via different mechanisms and their therapeutic potential can be optimized to promising levels in vitro. The complexes are also highly customizable in terms of surface charge and functionalization to allow a wide range of targeting and smart-release properties. Most importantly, these synthetic particles offer possibilities for scaling-up and affordability for the population at large. Hence, the versatility and scalability of these particles seem ideal to accommodate the versatility that NA therapies offer. While in vivo efficiency of lipid-NA complexes is still poor in most cases, the advances achieved in the last three decades are significant and very recently a lipid-based gene therapy medicine was approved for the first time (for treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis). Although the path to achieve efficient NA-delivery in cancer therapy is still long and tenuous, these advances set a new hope for more treatments in the future. In this review, we attempt to cover the most important biophysical and physicochemical aspects of non-viral lipid-based gene therapy formulations, with a perspective on future cancer treatments in mind.
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Zhao X, Bian F, Sun L, Cai L, Li L, Zhao Y. Microfluidic Generation of Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1901943. [PMID: 31259464 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As nanomaterials (NMs) possess attractive physicochemical properties that are strongly related to their specific sizes and morphologies, they are becoming one of the most desirable components in the fields of drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. By choosing an appropriate methodology that allows for accurate control over the reaction conditions, not only can NMs with high quality and rapid production rate be generated, but also designing composite and efficient products for therapy and diagnosis in nanomedicine can be realized. Recent evidence implies that microfluidic technology offers a promising platform for the synthesis of NMs by easy manipulation of fluids in microscale channels. In this Review, a comprehensive set of developments in the field of microfluidics for generating two main classes of NMs, including nanoparticles and nanofibers, and their various potentials in biomedical applications are summarized. Furthermore, the major challenges in this area and opinions on its future developments are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, P. R. China
| | - Feika Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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17
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Disease diagnostics using hydrodynamic flow focusing in microfluidic devices: Beyond flow cytometry. Biomed Eng Lett 2020; 10:241-257. [PMID: 32431954 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-019-00144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-disciplinary field of microfluidics has the potential to provide solutions to a diverse set of problems. It offers the advantages of high-throughput, continuous, rapid and expeditious analysis requiring minute quantities of sample. However, even as this field has yielded many mass-manufacturable and cost-efficient point-of-care devices, its direct and practical applications into the field of disease diagnostics still remain limited and largely overlooked by the industry. This review focuses on the phenomenon of hydrodynamic focusing and its potential to materialize solutions for appropriate diagnosis and prognosis. The study aims to look beyond its intended cytometric applications and focus on unambiguous disease detection, monitoring, drug delivery, studies conducted on DNA and highlight the instances in the scientific literature that have proposed such approach.
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18
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Zhang L, Chen Q, Ma Y, Sun J. Microfluidic Methods for Fabrication and Engineering of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 3:107-120. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Yao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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19
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Levin A, Michaels TCT, Mason TO, Müller T, Adler-Abramovich L, Mahadevan L, Cates ME, Gazit E, Knowles TPJ. Self-Assembly-Mediated Release of Peptide Nanoparticles through Jets Across Microdroplet Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27578-27583. [PMID: 30080033 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The release of nanoscale structures from microcapsules, triggered by changes in the capsule in response to external stimuli, has significant potential for active component delivery. Here, we describe an orthogonal strategy for controlling molecular species' release across oil/water interfaces by modulating their intrinsic self-assembly state. We show that although the soluble peptide Boc-FF can be stably encapsulated for days, its self-assembly into nanostructures triggers jet-like release within seconds. Moreover, we exploit this self-assembly-mediated release to deliver other molecular species that are transported as cargo. These results demonstrate the role of self-assembly in modulating the transport of peptides across interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviad Levin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C T Michaels
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Thomas O Mason
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | | | - Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Michael E Cates
- DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0WA , United Kingdom
| | | | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
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20
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Martins JP, Torrieri G, Santos HA. The importance of microfluidics for the preparation of nanoparticles as advanced drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:469-479. [PMID: 29508630 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1446936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanoparticles are anticipated to overcome persistent challenges in efficient drug delivery, but the limitations associated with conventional methods of preparation are resulting in slow translation from research to clinical applications. Due to their enormous potential, microfluidic technologies have emerged as an advanced approach for the development of drug delivery systems with well-defined physicochemical characteristics and in a reproducible manner. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of microfluidic devices and materials used for their manufacturing, together with the flow patterns and regimes commonly used for nanoparticle preparation. Additionally, the different geometries used in droplet microfluidics are reviewed, with particular attention to the co-flow geometry used for the production of nanoparticles. Finally, this review summarizes the main and most recent nanoparticulate systems prepared using microfluidics, including drug nanosuspensions, polymeric, lipid, structured, and theranostic nanoparticles. EXPERT OPINION The production of nanoparticles at industrial scale is still a challenge, but the microfluidic technologies bring exciting opportunities to develop drug delivery systems that can be engineered in an easy, cost-effective and reproducible manner. As a highly interdisciplinary research field, more efforts and general acceptance are needed to allow for the translation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems from academic research to the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Martins
- a Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Giulia Torrieri
- a Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- a Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,b Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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21
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Damiati S, Kompella UB, Damiati SA, Kodzius R. Microfluidic Devices for Drug Delivery Systems and Drug Screening. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E103. [PMID: 29462948 PMCID: PMC5852599 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices present unique advantages for the development of efficient drug carrier particles, cell-free protein synthesis systems, and rapid techniques for direct drug screening. Compared to bulk methods, by efficiently controlling the geometries of the fabricated chip and the flow rates of multiphase fluids, microfluidic technology enables the generation of highly stable, uniform, monodispersed particles with higher encapsulation efficiency. Since the existing preclinical models are inefficient drug screens for predicting clinical outcomes, microfluidic platforms might offer a more rapid and cost-effective alternative. Compared to 2D cell culture systems and in vivo animal models, microfluidic 3D platforms mimic the in vivo cell systems in a simple, inexpensive manner, which allows high throughput and multiplexed drug screening at the cell, organ, and whole-body levels. In this review, the generation of appropriate drug or gene carriers including different particle types using different configurations of microfluidic devices is highlighted. Additionally, this paper discusses the emergence of fabricated microfluidic cell-free protein synthesis systems for potential use at point of care as well as cell-, organ-, and human-on-a-chip models as smart, sensitive, and reproducible platforms, allowing the investigation of the effects of drugs under conditions imitating the biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Damiati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Uday B Kompella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ophthalmology, and Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Safa A Damiati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rimantas Kodzius
- Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department, The American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq.
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany.
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22
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Silva BFB. SAXS on a chip: from dynamics of phase transitions to alignment phenomena at interfaces studied with microfluidic devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:23690-23703. [PMID: 28828415 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The field of microfluidics offers attractive possibilities to perform novel experiments that are difficult (or even impossible) to perform using conventional bulk and surface-based methods. Such attractiveness comes from several important aspects inherent to these miniaturized devices. First, the flow of fluids under submillimeter confinement typically leads to a drop of inertial forces, meaning that turbulence is practically suppressed. This leads to predictable and controllable flow profiles, along with well-defined chemical gradients and stress fields that can be used for controlled mixing and actuation on the micro and nanoscale. Secondly, intricate microfluidic device designs can be fabricated using cleanroom standard procedures. Such intricate geometries can take diverse forms, designed by researchers to perform complex tasks, that require exquisite control of flow of several components and gradients, or to mimic real world examples, facilitating the establishment of more realistic models. Thirdly, microfluidic devices are usually compatible with in situ or integrated characterization methods that allow constant real-time monitoring of the processes occurring inside the microchannels. This is very different from typical bulk-based methods, where usually one can only observe the final result, or otherwise, take quick snapshots of the evolving process or take aliquots to be analyzed separately. Altogether, these characteristics inherent to microfluidic devices provide researchers with a set of tools that allow not only exquisite control and manipulation of materials at the micro and nanoscale, but also observation of these effects. In this review, we will focus on the use and prospects of combining microfluidic devices with in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (and related techniques such as small-angle neutron scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy), and their enormous potential for physical-chemical research, mainly in self-assembly and phase-transitions, and surface characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F B Silva
- Department of Life Sciences, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal.
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23
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Gencturk E, Mutlu S, Ulgen KO. Advances in microfluidic devices made from thermoplastics used in cell biology and analyses. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:051502. [PMID: 29152025 PMCID: PMC5654984 DOI: 10.1063/1.4998604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Silicon and glass were the main fabrication materials of microfluidic devices, however, plastics are on the rise in the past few years. Thermoplastic materials have recently been used to fabricate microfluidic platforms to perform experiments on cellular studies or environmental monitoring, with low cost disposable devices. This review describes the present state of the development and applications of microfluidic systems used in cell biology and analyses since the year 2000. Cultivation, separation/isolation, detection and analysis, and reaction studies are extensively discussed, considering only microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, fungi, zebra fish, etc.) and mammalian cell related studies in the microfluidic platforms. The advantages/disadvantages, fabrication methods, dimensions, and the purpose of creating the desired system are explained in detail. An important conclusion of this review is that these microfluidic platforms are still open for research and development, and solutions need to be found for each case separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Gencturk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senol Mutlu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BUMEMS Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kutlu O Ulgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Tat-Tagged and Folate-Modified N-Succinyl-chitosan (Tat-Suc-FA) Self-assembly Nanoparticle for Therapeutic Delivery OGX-011 to A549 Cells. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1898-1905. [PMID: 28464609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a novel type of an antisense oligonucleotide (OGX-011) loaded Tat-tagged and folate-modified N-succinyl-chitosan (Tat-Suc-FA) nanoparticles (NPs) for improving tumor targetability. In this study, Tat-Suc-FA/OGX-011NPs were prepared and its physicochemical characterizations were also evaluated. The nanoparticles showed an average diameter of 73 ± 16.6 nm, the zeta potential of +23.6 ± 0.3 mV, and a high entrapment efficiency of 89.6 ± 6.6%. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed the nanoparticles were mostly spherical and well dispersed. The delivery efficiency of this system was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. In comparison with nontargeted Lipofectamin2000/OGX-011 and free OGX-011, Tat-Suc-FA/GOX-011 showed the highest apoptosis rate of 14.2% ± 1.8% and significant uptake in A549 cells. Tat-Suc-FA NPs loaded with GOX-011 induced significant down-regulation of s-CLU mRNA and protein levels in A549 cells. In A549 tumor-bearing mice model, Tat-Suc-FA/GOX-011 produced a more efficient down-regulation of s-CLU compared to Lipofectamin2000/OGX-011. Furthermore, the combined use of Tat-Suc-FA/OGX-011 with DDP chemotherapy showed a most significant inhibition of tumor growth and greatly enhanced the survival rate of A549 tumor-bearing mice. These findings suggested successful application of Tat-Suc-FA NPs for the high efficiency and specificity in therapeutic delivery of OGX-011 to A549 cells.
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Li Y, Lee RJ, Huang X, Li Y, Lv B, Wang T, Qi Y, Hao F, Lu J, Meng Q, Teng L, Zhou Y, Xie J, Teng L. Single-step microfluidic synthesis of transferrin-conjugated lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:371-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lu M, Ozcelik A, Grigsby CL, Zhao Y, Guo F, Leong KW, Huang TJ. Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Focusing for Synthesis of Nanomaterials. NANO TODAY 2016; 11:778-792. [PMID: 30337950 PMCID: PMC6191180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics expands the synthetic space such as heat transfer, mass transport, and reagent consumption to conditions not easily achievable in conventional batch processes. Hydrodynamic focusing in particular enables the generation and study of complex engineered nanostructures and new materials systems. In this review, we present an overview of recent progress in the synthesis of nanostructures and microfibers using microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing techniques. Emphasis is placed on distinct designs of flow focusing methods and their associated mechanisms, as well as their applications in material synthesis, determination of reaction kinetics, and study of synthetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Lu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Christopher L Grigsby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Li Y, Lee RJ, Yu K, Bi Y, Qi Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Xie J, Teng L. Delivery of siRNA Using Lipid Nanoparticles Modified with Cell Penetrating Peptide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26613-26621. [PMID: 27617513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical development of siRNA has been hindered by the lack of an effective delivery system. Here, we report the construction of a novel siRNA delivery system, sTOLP, which is based on cell penetrating peptide oleoyl-octaarginine (OA-R8) modified multifunctional lipid nanoparticles. sTOLP nanoparticles are composed of a protamine complexed siRNA core, OA-R8, cationic and PEGylated lipids, and transferrin as a targeting ligand. sTOLP formulation was optimized and characterized in vitro and showed excellent gene silencing activity. In vivo, siRNA encapsulated in sTOLP exhibited potent tumor inhibition (61.7%) and was preferentially taken up by hepatocytes and tumor cells in HepG2-bearing nude mice without inducing immunogenicity or hepatic or renal toxicity. Furthermore, sTOLP-loaded siRNA had stability in circulation greater than that of free siRNA. These data demonstrated potential utility of sTOLP-mediated siRNA delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Robert J Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kongtong Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ye Bi
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuhang Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yating Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yujing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
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Riahi R, Tamayol A, Shaegh SAM, Ghaemmaghami A, Dokmeci MR, Khademshosseini A. Microfluidics for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2015; 7:101-112. [PMID: 31692947 PMCID: PMC6830738 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been devoted towards developing effective drug delivery methods. Microfluidic systems, with their capability for precise handling and transport of small liquid quantities, have emerged as a promising platform for designing advanced drug delivery systems. Thus, microfluidic systems have been increasingly used for fabrication of drug carriers or direct drug delivery to a targeted tissue. In this review, the recent advances in these areas are critically reviewed and the shortcomings and opportunities are discussed. In addition, we highlight the efforts towards developing smart drug delivery platforms with integrated sensing and drug delivery components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Riahi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amir Ghaemmaghami
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ali Khademshosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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Conde AJ, Batalla M, Cerda B, Mykhaylyk O, Plank C, Podhajcer O, Cabaleiro JM, Madrid RE, Policastro L. Continuous flow generation of magnetoliposomes in a low-cost portable microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4506-4512. [PMID: 25257193 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a low-cost, portable microfluidic platform that uses laminated polymethylmethacrylate chips, peristaltic micropumps and LEGO® Mindstorms components for the generation of magnetoliposomes that does not require extrusion steps. Mixtures of lipids reconstituted in ethanol and an aqueous phase were injected independently in order to generate a combination of laminar flows in such a way that we could effectively achieve four hydrodynamic focused nanovesicle generation streams. Monodisperse magnetoliposomes with characteristics comparable to those obtained by traditional methods have been obtained. The magnetoliposomes are responsive to external magnetic field gradients, a result that suggests that the nanovesicles can be used in research and applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro J Conde
- LAMEIN, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán/Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Independencia 1800, Tucumán, Argentina.
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The role of the helper lipid on the DNA transfection efficiency of lipopolyplex formulations. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7107. [PMID: 25407686 PMCID: PMC4236742 DOI: 10.1038/srep07107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional, lipopolyplex formulations comprising a mixture of cationic liposomes and cationic, receptor-targeting peptides have potential use in gene therapy applications. Lipopolyplex formulations described here are typically far more efficient transfection agents than binary lipoplex or polyplex formulations. It has been shown previously that the peptide component mediates both DNA packaging and targeting of the nanoparticle while in this report we investigate the contribution of the lipid component. We hypothesised that the lipid components synergise with the peptides in the transfection process by promoting endosomal escape after lipid bilayer fusion. Lipopolyplexes were prepared with cationic liposomes comprising DOTAP with either neutral lipid DOPE or DOPC. DOPE promotes fusogenic, inverted hexagonal lipid structures while DOPC promotes more stable laminar structures. Lipopolyplexes containing DOPE showed substantially higher transfection efficiency than those formulated with DOPC, both in vitro and in vivo. DOPE-containing lipopolyplexes showed rapid endosomal trafficking and nuclear accumulation of DNA while DOPC-containing formulations remained within the late endo-lysosomal compartments. These findings are consistent with previous finding for the role of DOPE in lipoplexes and support the hypothesis regarding the function of the lipid components in lipopolyplexes. These findings will help to inform future lipopolyplex design, strategies and clinical development processes.
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Khan IU, Serra CA, Anton N, Vandamme TF. Production of nanoparticle drug delivery systems with microfluidics tools. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:547-62. [PMID: 25345543 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.974547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays the development of composite nano- and microparticles is an extensively studied area of research. This interest is growing because of the potential use of such particles in drug delivery systems. Indeed they can be used in various medical disciplines depending upon their sizes and their size distribution, which determine their final biomedical applications. AREAS COVERED Amongst the different techniques to produce nanoparticles, microfluidic techniques allow preparing particles having a specific size, a narrow size distribution and high encapsulation efficiency with ease. This review covers the general description of microfluidics, its techniques, advantages and disadvantages with focus on the encapsulation of active principles in polymeric nanoparticles as well as on pure drug nanoparticles. Polymeric nanoparticles constitute the majority of the examples reported; however lipid nanoparticulate systems (DNA, SiRNA nanocarriers) are very comparable and their formulation processes are in most cases exactly similar. Accordingly this review focuses also on active ingredient nanoparticles formulated by nanoprecipitation processes in microfluidic devices in general. It also provides detailed description of the different geometries of most common microfluidic devices and the crucial parameters involved in techniques designed to obtain the desired properties. EXPERT OPINION Although the classical fabrication of nanoparticles drug delivery systems in batch is extremely well-described and developed, their production with microfluidic tools arises today as an emerging field with much more potential. In this review we present and discuss these new possibilities for biomedical applications through the current emerging developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ullah Khan
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculty of Pharmacy , 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex , France
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Yang Z, Yu B, Zhu J, Huang X, Xie J, Xu S, Yang X, Wang X, Yung BC, Lee LJ, Lee RJ, Teng L. A microfluidic method to synthesize transferrin-lipid nanoparticles loaded with siRNA LOR-1284 for therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9742-9751. [PMID: 25003978 PMCID: PMC4312591 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The siRNA LOR-1284 targets the R2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM2) and has shown promise in cancer therapy. In this study, transferrin (Tf) conjugated lipid nanoparticles (Tf-NP-LOR-1284) were synthesized by microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing (MHF) and evaluated for the targeted delivery of LOR-1284 siRNA into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. The in vitro study showed that Tf-NP-LOR-1284 can protect LOR-1284 from serum nuclease degradation. Selective uptake of Tf-NP-LOR-1284 was observed in MV4-11 cells. In addition, qRT-PCR and Western blot results revealed that Tf-NP-LOR-1284 was more effective than the free LOR-1284 in reducing the R2 mRNA and protein levels. The Tf-NP-LOR-1284 showed prolonged circulation time and increased AUC after i.v. administration relative to the free LOR-1284. Furthermore, Tf-NP-LOR-1284 facilitated increased accumulation at the tumor site along with the decreased R2 mRNA and protein expression in a murine xenograft model. These results suggest that Tf-conjugated NPs prepared by MHF provide a suitable platform for efficient and specific therapeutic delivery of LOR-1284 into AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W 12th Ave, 43210, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Chen S, Zhang H, Shi X, Wu H, Hanagata N. Microfluidic generation of chitosan/CpG oligodeoxynucleotide nanoparticles with enhanced cellular uptake and immunostimulatory properties. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1842-9. [PMID: 24733088 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan/cytosine-phosphodiester-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) nanoparticles as potential immunostimulatory adjuvants were synthesized by the conventional bulk mixing (BM) method and a novel microfluidic (MF) method. Their size and size distribution, CpG ODN loading efficiency, surface charge, biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and immunostimulatory response were investigated. In the BM method, nanoparticles were synthesized by vortexing a mixture of chitosan solution and CpG ODN2006x3-PD solution. In the MF method, the nanoparticles were synthesized by rapidly mixing a chitosan solution and CpG ODN solution in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic device. Our results indicated that particle size and size distribution, CpG ODN loading efficiency, and surface charge could be easily adjusted by using the tuning preparation method and controlling the flow ratio of fluid rates in the different microfluidic channels. Compared with the BM method, the MF method yielded a decrease in particle size and size range, an increase in CpG ODN loading efficiency, and a decrease in surface charge. After the particles were exposed to 293XL-hTLR9 cells, a water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay indicated that the BM and MF-processed nanoparticles had no significant toxicity and were biocompatible. An immunochemical assay indicated that both types of nanoparticles entered 293XL-hTLR9 cells and were located in the endolysosomes. The MF-processed nanoparticles showed much higher cellular uptake efficiency. After the particles were exposed to peripheral blood mononuclear cells, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantitatively indicated that both types of nanoparticles stimulated the production of interleukin-6 and the MF-processed nanoparticles showed a much stronger immunostimulatory response. These results indicate that the MF method can be used to synthesize nanoparticles with a controllable size and size range for enhancing the biological activity of DNA and other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- JSPS Research Fellow, 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
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Terp MC, Wu Y, Yu B, Kwak KJ, Lee LJ. Microwell array guided assembly of lipoplex nanoparticles containing siRNA. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2873-2878. [PMID: 24564319 DOI: 10.1021/la404366p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid based therapeutics has been widely explored to treat genetic and acquired diseases. However, the clinical translation of nucleic acid based therapies has been challenged by low delivery efficiency, off-target effects, poor cellular uptake, and limited serum stability. Lipopoplex nanoparticles, as one of the major nanocarrier systems, have shown great potential in overcoming these challenges. Current techniques for lipoplex nanoparticle preparation rely on self-assembly at macroscale, which suffers from limited control over particle structure and composition due to local fluctuations in the concentration of the constituent materials. We have developed a discontinuous dewetting/imprinting method that guided the assembly of lipoplex nanoparticles containing siRNA in a microwell array, which achieved much better control on particle size and composition. The lipoplex nanoparticles prepared by the discontinuous dewetting/imprinting method showed unilamellar core-shell-like structure in contrast to the multilamellar onion-like structure generally observed in lipoplex nanoparticles prepared by the conventional bulk mixing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Terp
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University , 174 W 18th Ave, Room 1012, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Lu M, Ho YP, Grigsby CL, Nawaz AA, Leong KW, Huang TJ. Three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing method for polyplex synthesis. ACS NANO 2014; 8:332-9. [PMID: 24341632 PMCID: PMC3999362 DOI: 10.1021/nn404193e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Successful intracellular delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics relies on multiaspect optimization, one of which is formulation. While there has been ample innovation on chemical design of polymeric gene carriers, the same cannot be said for physical processing of polymer-DNA nanocomplexes (polyplexes). Conventional synthesis of polyplexes by bulk mixing depends on the operators' experience. The poorly controlled bulk mixing process may also lead to batch-to-batch variation and consequent irreproducibility. Here, we synthesize polyplexes by using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing (3D-HF) technique in a single-layered, planar microfluidic device. Without any additional chemical treatment or postprocessing, the polyplexes prepared by the 3D-HF method show smaller size, slower aggregation rate, and higher transfection efficiency, while exhibiting reduced cytotoxicity compared to the ones synthesized by conventional bulk mixing. In addition, by introducing external acoustic perturbation, mixing can be further enhanced, leading to even smaller nanocomplexes. The 3D-HF method provides a simple and reproducible process for synthesizing high-quality polyplexes, addressing a critical barrier in the eventual translation of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Lu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Christopher L. Grigsby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Ahmad Ahsan Nawaz
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Issman L, Brenner B, Talmon Y, Aharon A. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy nanostructural study of shed microparticles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83680. [PMID: 24386253 PMCID: PMC3873325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are sub-micron membrane vesicles (100–1000 nm) shed from normal and pathologic cells due to stimulation or apoptosis. MPs can be found in the peripheral blood circulation of healthy individuals, whereas elevated concentrations are found in pregnancy and in a variety of diseases. Also, MPs participate in physiological processes, e.g., coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Since their clinical properties are important, we have developed a new methodology based on nano-imaging that provides significant new data on MPs nanostructure, their composition and function. We are among the first to characterize by direct-imaging cryogenic transmitting electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) the near-to-native nanostructure of MP systems isolated from different cell types and stimulation procedures. We found that there are no major differences between the MP systems we have studied, as most particles were spherical, with diameters from 200 to 400 nm. However, each MP population is very heterogeneous, showing diverse morphologies. We investigated by cryo-TEM the effects of standard techniques used to isolate and store MPs, and found that either high-g centrifugation of MPs for isolation purposes, or slow freezing to –80°C for storage introduce morphological artifacts, which can influence MP nanostructure, and thus affect the efficiency of these particles as future diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Issman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail: (LI); (YT)
| | - Benjamin Brenner
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Department of Hematology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail: (LI); (YT)
| | - Anat Aharon
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Department of Hematology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Khan IU, Serra CA, Anton N, Vandamme T. Microfluidics: A focus on improved cancer targeted drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2013; 172:1065-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Grigsby CL, Ho YP, Lin C, Engbersen JFJ, Leong KW. Microfluidic preparation of polymer-nucleic acid nanocomplexes improves nonviral gene transfer. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3155. [PMID: 24193511 PMCID: PMC3818651 DOI: 10.1038/srep03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the designs of polymer systems used to deliver nucleic acids continue to evolve, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the basic bulk manufacturing techniques of the past will be insufficient to produce polymer-nucleic acid nanocomplexes that possess the uniformity, stability, and potency required for their successful clinical translation and widespread commercialization. Traditional bulk-prepared products are often physicochemically heterogeneous and may vary significantly from one batch to the next. Here we show that preparation of bioreducible nanocomplexes with an emulsion-based droplet microfluidic system produces significantly improved nanoparticles that are up to fifty percent smaller, more uniform, and are less prone to aggregation. The intracellular integrity of nanocomplexes prepared with this microfluidic method is significantly prolonged, as detected using a high-throughput flow cytometric quantum dot Förster resonance energy transfer nanosensor system. These physical attributes conspire to consistently enhance the delivery of both plasmid DNA and messenger RNA payloads in stem cells, primary cells, and human cell lines. Innovation in processing is necessary to move the field toward the broader clinical implementation of safe and effective nonviral nucleic acid therapeutics, and preparation with droplet microfluidics represents a step forward in addressing the critical barrier of robust and reproducible nanocomplex production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Grigsby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Balbino TA, Azzoni AR, de la Torre LG. Microfluidic devices for continuous production of pDNA/cationic liposome complexes for gene delivery and vaccine therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 111:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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40
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Tsui JH, Lee W, Pun SH, Kim J, Kim DH. Microfluidics-assisted in vitro drug screening and carrier production. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1575-88. [PMID: 23856409 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms provide several unique advantages for drug development. In the production of drug carriers, physical properties such as size and shape, and chemical properties such as drug composition and pharmacokinetic parameters, can be modified simply and effectively by tuning the flow rate and geometries. Large numbers of carriers can then be fabricated with minimal effort and with little to no batch-to-batch variation. Additionally, cell or tissue culture models in microfluidic systems can be used as in vitro drug screening tools. Compared to in vivo animal models, microfluidic drug screening platforms allow for high-throughput and reproducible screening at a significantly lower cost, and when combined with current advances in tissue engineering, are also capable of mimicking native tissues. In this review, various microfluidic platforms for drug and gene carrier fabrication are reviewed to provide guidelines for designing appropriate carriers. In vitro microfluidic drug screening platforms designed for high-throughput analysis and replication of in vivo conditions are also reviewed to highlight future directions for drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Tsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Capretto L, Carugo D, Mazzitelli S, Nastruzzi C, Zhang X. Microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip preparation routes for organic nanoparticles and vesicular systems for nanomedicine applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1496-532. [PMID: 23933616 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, advancements in the fields of microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip technologies have provided unique opportunities for the implementation of nanomaterial production processes owing to the miniaturisation of the fluidic environment. It has been demonstrated that microfluidic reactors offer a range of advantages compared to conventional batch reactors, including improved controllability and uniformity of nanomaterial characteristics. In addition, the fast mixing achieved within microchannels, and the predictability of the laminar flow conditions, can be leveraged to investigate the nanomaterial formation dynamics. In this article recent developments in the field of microfluidic production of nanomaterials for drug delivery applications are reviewed. The features that make microfluidic reactors a suitable technological platform are discussed in terms of controllability of nanomaterials production. An overview of the various strategies developed for the production of organic nanoparticles and colloidal assemblies is presented, focusing on those nanomaterials that could have an impact on nanomedicine field such as drug nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes, polymersomes, polyplexes and hybrid nanoparticles. The effect of microfluidic environment on nanomaterials formation dynamics, as well as the use of microdevices as tools for nanomaterial investigation is also discussed.
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Shin SJ, Beech JR, Kelly KA. Targeted nanoparticles in imaging: paving the way for personalized medicine in the battle against cancer. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:29-42. [PMID: 22790418 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20047c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The way we view cancer has advanced greatly in the past few decades from simplistic approaches to finely honed systems. This transition has been made possible because of advancements on two fronts: the first is the rapidly expanding knowledge base of the mechanisms and characteristics of cancer; the second is innovation in imaging agent design. Rapid advancements in imaging and therapeutic agents are being made through the evolution from one-dimensional molecules to multi-functional nanoparticles. Powerful new agents that have high specificity and minimal toxicity are being developed for in vivo imaging. Here we detail the unique characteristics of cancer that allow differentiation from normal tissue and how they are exploited in nanoparticle imaging development. Firstly, genetic alterations, either endogenous or induced through gene therapy, are one such class of characteristics. Proteomic differences such as overexpressed surface receptors is another targetable feature used for enhanced nanoparticle retention. Increased need for nutrients and specific growth signals to sustain proliferation and angiogenesis are further examples of how cancer can be targeted. Lastly, migration and invasion through a unique microenvironment are two additional traits that are exploitable, due to differences in metalloproteinase concentrations and other factors. These differences are guiding current nanoparticle design to better target, image and treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo J Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, PO Box 800759, Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Mijajlovic M, Wright D, Zivkovic V, Bi J, Biggs M. Microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing based synthesis of POPC liposomes for model biological systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 104:276-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Welser K, Campbell F, Kudsiova L, Mohammadi A, Dawson N, Hart SL, Barlow DJ, Hailes HC, Lawrence MJ, Tabor AB. Gene Delivery Using Ternary Lipopolyplexes Incorporating Branched Cationic Peptides: The Role of Peptide Sequence and Branching. Mol Pharm 2012; 10:127-41. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300187t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Welser
- Department of Chemistry, University
College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street,
London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Frederick Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University
College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street,
London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Laila Kudsiova
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical
Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building,
150 Stamford Street, Waterloo Campus, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Atefeh Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, University
College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street,
London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Natalie Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, University
College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street,
London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Stephen L. Hart
- Wolfson Centre for Gene Therapy
of Childhood Disease, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street,
London WC1N 1EH, U.K
| | - David J. Barlow
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical
Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building,
150 Stamford Street, Waterloo Campus, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University
College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street,
London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - M. Jayne Lawrence
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical
Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building,
150 Stamford Street, Waterloo Campus, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Alethea B. Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University
College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street,
London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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Debus H, Beck-Broichsitter M, Kissel T. Optimized preparation of pDNA/poly(ethylene imine) polyplexes using a microfluidic system. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2498-2506. [PMID: 22552347 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40176b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) is an established non-viral vector system for the delivery of various nucleic acids in gene therapy applications. Polyelectrolyte complexes between both compounds, so called polyplexes, are formed by electrostatic interactions of oppositely charged macromolecules and are thought to facilitate uptake into cells. Such complexes form spontaneously and on lab scale they are usually prepared by mixing solutions through pipetting. Hence, an optimized preparation procedure allowing the scale-up of well-defined polyplexes would be of general interest. We developed a new method for microfluidic polyplex preparation on a chip. The mixing behaviour within the microfluidic channels was evaluated. Polyplexes with PEI and plasmid DNA were prepared using this method, in comparison to the standard pipetting procedure. Sizes and polydispersity indices of these complexes were examined. The influence of various parameters on the polyplex characteristics and the suitability of this production procedure for other PEI-based complexes were also evaluated. It was shown that polyplexes could easily be prepared by microfluidics. The ratio of PEI to DNA was most important for the formation of small polyplexes, whereas other parameters had minor influence. The size of polyplexes prepared with this new method was observed to be relatively constant between 140 nm and 160 nm over a wide range of complex concentrations. In comparison, the size of polyplexes prepared by pipetting (approximately 90 nm to 160 nm) varied considerably. The versatility of this system was demonstrated with different (targeted) PEI-based vectors for the formation of complexes with pDNA and siRNA. In conclusion, polyplex preparation using microfluidics could be a promising alternative to the standard pipetting method due to its suitability for preparation of well-defined complexes with different compositions over a wide range of concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Debus
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Ketzerbach 63, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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Optimising the self-assembly of siRNA loaded PEG-PCL-lPEI nano-carriers employing different preparation techniques. J Control Release 2012; 160:583-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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de Paula Rigoletto T, Silva CL, Santana MHA, Rosada RS, de la Torre LG. Effects of extrusion, lipid concentration and purity on physico-chemical and biological properties of cationic liposomes for gene vaccine applications. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:759-69. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.686530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chen D, Love KT, Chen Y, Eltoukhy AA, Kastrup C, Sahay G, Jeon A, Dong Y, Whitehead KA, Anderson DG. Rapid discovery of potent siRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles enabled by controlled microfluidic formulation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6948-51. [PMID: 22475086 DOI: 10.1021/ja301621z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of potent new materials for in vivo delivery of nucleic acids depends upon successful formulation of the active molecules into a dosage form suitable for the physiological environment. Because of the inefficiencies of current formulation methods, materials are usually first evaluated for in vitro delivery efficacy as simple ionic complexes with the nucleic acids (lipoplexes). The predictive value of such assays, however, has never been systematically studied. Here, for the first time, by developing a microfluidic method that allowed the rapid preparation of high-quality siRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for a large number of materials, we have shown that gene silencing assays employing lipoplexes result in a high rate of false negatives (~90%) that can largely be avoided through formulation. Seven novel materials with in vivo gene silencing potencies of >90% at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg in mice were discovered. This method will facilitate the discovery of next-generation reagents for LNP-mediated nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delai Chen
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Wu Y, Li L, Mao Y, Lee LJ. Static micromixer-coaxial electrospray synthesis of theranostic lipoplexes. ACS NANO 2012; 6:2245-2252. [PMID: 22320282 DOI: 10.1021/nn204300s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Theranostic lipoplexes are an integrated nanotherapeutic system with diagnostic imaging capability and therapeutic functions. They hold great promise to improve current cancer treatments; however, producing uniform theranostic lipoplexes with multiple components in a reproducible manner is a highly challenging task. Conventional methods, such as bulk mixing, are not able to achieve this goal because of their macroscale and random nature. Here we report a novel technique, called the static micromixer-coaxial electrospray (MCE), to synthesize theranostic lipoplexes in a single step with high reproducibility. In this work, quantum dots (QD605) and Cy5-labeled antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (Cy5-G3139) were chosen as the model imaging reagent and therapeutic drug, respectively. Compared with bulk mixing, QD605/Cy5-G3139-loaded lipoplexes produced by MCE were highly uniform with polydispersity of 0.024 ± 0.006 and mean diameter by volume of 194 ± 15 nm. MCE also showed higher encapsulation efficiency of QD605 and Cy5-G3139. QD605 and Cy5 also formed the Förster resonance energy transfer pair, and thus the cellular uptake and intracellular fate of theranostic lipoplexes could be visualized by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The lipoplexes were efficiently delivered to A549 cells (non-small cell lung cancer cell line) and down-regulated the Bcl-2 gene expression by 48 ± 6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 174 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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