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Parhiz H, Shuvaev VV, Li Q, Papp TE, Akyianu AA, Shi R, Yadegari A, Shahnawaz H, Semple SC, Mui BL, Weissman D, Muzykantov VR, Glassman PM. Physiologically based modeling of LNP-mediated delivery of mRNA in the vascular system. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102175. [PMID: 38576454 PMCID: PMC10992703 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics are an emerging, powerful class of drugs with potential applications in a wide range of disorders. A central challenge in their development is the lack of clear pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic relationship, in part due to the significant delay between the kinetics of RNA delivery and the onset of pharmacologic response. To bridge this gap, we have developed a physiologically based PK/pharmacodynamic model for systemically administered mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in mice. This model accounts for the physiologic determinants of mRNA delivery, active targeting in the vasculature, and differential transgene expression based on nanoparticle coating. The model was able to well-characterize the blood and tissue PKs of LNPs, as well as the kinetics of tissue luciferase expression measured by ex vivo activity in organ homogenates and bioluminescence imaging in intact organs. The predictive capabilities of the model were validated using a formulation targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and the model predicted nanoparticle delivery and luciferase expression within a 2-fold error for all organs. This modeling platform represents an initial strategy that can be expanded upon and utilized to predict the in vivo behavior of RNA-containing LNPs developed for an array of conditions and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Parhiz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir V. Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 191004, USA
| | - Qin Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler E. Papp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Awurama A. Akyianu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruiqi Shi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amir Yadegari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hamna Shahnawaz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Drew Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir R. Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 191004, USA
| | - Patrick M. Glassman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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2
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Yuan Z, Yan R, Fu Z, Wu T, Ren C. Impact of physicochemical properties on biological effects of lipid nanoparticles: Are they completely safe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172240. [PMID: 38582114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are promising materials and human-use approved excipients, with manifold applications in biomedicine. Researchers have tended to focus on improving the pharmacological efficiency and organ targeting of LNPs, while paid relatively less attention to the negative aspects created by their specific physicochemical properties. Here, we discuss the impacts of LNPs' physicochemical properties (size, surface hydrophobicity, surface charge, surface modification and lipid composition) on the adsorption-transportation-distribution-clearance processes and bio-nano interactions. In addition, since there is a lack of review emphasizing on toxicological profiles of LNPs, this review outlined immunogenicity, inflammation, hemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by LNPs and the underlying mechanisms, with the aim to understand the properties that underlie the biological effects of these materials. This provides a basic strategy that increased efficacy of medical application with minimized side-effects can be achieved by modulating the physicochemical properties of LNPs. Therefore, addressing the effects of physicochemical properties on toxicity induced by LNPs is critical for understanding their environmental and health risks and will help clear the way for LNPs-based drugs to eventually fulfill their promise as a highly effective therapeutic agents for diverse diseases in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyu Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuyi Fu
- College of Rehabilitation, Captital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enze Biomass Fine Chemicals, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chaoxiu Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Roh EH, Sullivan MO, Epps TH. Which Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Designs Work? A Simple Kinetic Model Linking LNP Chemical Structure to In Vivo Delivery Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:13399-13410. [PMID: 38466900 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Although lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the predominant nanocarriers for short-interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery, most therapies use nearly identical formulations that have taken 30 years to design but lack the diverse property ranges necessary for versatile application. This dearth in variety and the extended timeline for implementation are attributed to a limited understanding of how LNP properties facilitate overcoming biological barriers. Herein, a simple kinetic model was developed by using major rate-limiting steps for siRNA delivery, and this model enabled the identification of a critical parameter to predict LNP efficacy without extensive experimental testing. A volume-averaged log D, the "solubility" of charged molecules as a function of pH weighted by component volume fractions, resulted in a good correlation between LNP composition and siRNA delivery. Both the effects of modifying the structures of ionizable lipids and LNP composition on gene silencing were easily captured in the model predictions. Thus, this approach provides a robust LNP structure-activity relationship to dramatically accelerate the realization of effective LNP formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther H Roh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Thomas H Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Center for Research in Soft matter and Polymers (CRiSP), University of Delaware, Newark Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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4
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Pattipeiluhu R, Zeng Y, Hendrix MMRM, Voets IK, Kros A, Sharp TH. Liquid crystalline inverted lipid phases encapsulating siRNA enhance lipid nanoparticle mediated transfection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1303. [PMID: 38347001 PMCID: PMC10861598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient cytosolic delivery of RNA molecules remains a formidable barrier for RNA therapeutic strategies. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) serve as state-of-the-art carriers that can deliver RNA molecules intracellularly, as exemplified by the recent implementation of several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Using a bottom-up rational design approach, we assemble LNPs that contain programmable lipid phases encapsulating small interfering RNA (siRNA). A combination of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, cryogenic electron tomography and small-angle X-ray scattering reveals that we can form inverse hexagonal structures, which are present in a liquid crystalline nature within the LNP core. Comparison with lamellar LNPs reveals that the presence of inverse hexagonal phases enhances the intracellular silencing efficiency over lamellar structures. We then demonstrate that lamellar LNPs exhibit an in situ transition from a lamellar to inverse hexagonal phase upon interaction with anionic membranes, whereas LNPs containing pre-programmed liquid crystalline hexagonal phases bypass this transition for a more efficient one-step delivery mechanism, explaining the increased silencing effect. This rational design of LNPs with defined lipid structures aids in the understanding of the nano-bio interface and adds substantial value for LNP design, optimization and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Pattipeiluhu
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ye Zeng
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco M R M Hendrix
- Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K Voets
- Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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5
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Tang C, Jing W, Han K, Yang Z, Zhang S, Liu M, Zhang J, Zhao X, Liu Y, Shi C, Chai Q, Li Z, Han M, Wang Y, Fu Z, Zheng Z, Zhao K, Sun P, Zhu D, Chen C, Zhang D, Li D, Ni S, Li T, Cui J, Jiang X. mRNA-Laden Lipid-Nanoparticle-Enabled in Situ CAR-Macrophage Engineering for the Eradication of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in a Sepsis Mouse Model. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2261-2278. [PMID: 38207332 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis, which is the most severe clinical manifestation of acute infection and has a mortality rate higher than that of cancer, represents a significant global public health burden. Persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and further host immune paralysis are the leading causes of sepsis-associated death, but limited clinical interventions that target sepsis have failed to effectively restore immune homeostasis to enable complete eradication of MRSA. To restimulate anti-MRSA innate immunity, we developed CRV peptide-modified lipid nanoparticles (CRV/LNP-RNAs) for transient in situ programming of macrophages (MΦs). The CRV/LNP-RNAs enabled the delivery of MRSA-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) mRNA (SasA-CAR mRNA) and CASP11 (a key MRSA intracellular evasion target) siRNA to MΦs in situ, yielding CAR-MΦs with boosted bactericidal potency. Specifically, our results demonstrated that the engineered MΦs could efficiently phagocytose and digest MRSA intracellularly, preventing immune evasion by the "superbug" MRSA. Our findings highlight the potential of nanoparticle-enabled in vivo generation of CAR-MΦs as a therapeutic platform for multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections and should be confirmed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Weiqiang Jing
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Kun Han
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Zhenmei Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Shengchang Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Miaoyan Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Ying Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Chongdeng Shi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Qihao Chai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Ziyang Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Maosen Han
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Zhipeng Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Zuolin Zheng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province 250355, China
| | - Danqing Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 4572A Academic Building, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250101, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250101, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Jiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
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6
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Jia Y, Wang X, Li L, Li F, Zhang J, Liang XJ. Lipid Nanoparticles Optimized for Targeting and Release of Nucleic Acid. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305300. [PMID: 37547955 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most promising clinical nucleic acids drug delivery vehicles. LNPs prevent the degradation of cargo nucleic acids during blood circulation. Upon entry into the cell, specific components of the lipid nanoparticles can promote the endosomal escape of nucleic acids. These are the basic properties of lipid nanoparticles as nucleic acid carriers. As LNPs exhibit hepatic aggregation characteristics, enhancing targeting out of the liver is a crucial way to improve LNPs administrated in vivo. Meanwhile, endosomal escape of nucleic acids loaded in LNPs is often considered inadequate, and therefore, much effort is devoted to enhancing the intracellular release efficiency of nucleic acids. Here, different strategies to efficiently deliver nucleic acid delivery from LNPs are concluded and their mechanisms are investigated. In addition, based on the information on LNPs that are in clinical trials or have completed clinical trials, the issues that are necessary to be approached in the clinical translation of LNPs are discussed, which it is hoped will shed light on the development of LNP nucleic acid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Jia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of HeBei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiuguang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of HeBei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Luwei Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of HeBei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of HeBei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of HeBei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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7
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Tuma J, Chen YJ, Collins MG, Paul A, Li J, Han H, Sharma R, Murthy N, Lee HY. Lipid Nanoparticles Deliver mRNA to the Brain after an Intracerebral Injection. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3533-3547. [PMID: 37729550 PMCID: PMC10760911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are often debilitating conditions with no cure. The majority of current therapies are palliative rather than disease-modifying; therefore, new strategies for treating neurological disorders are greatly needed. mRNA-based therapeutics have great potential for treating such neurological disorders; however, challenges with delivery have limited their clinical potential. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a promising delivery vector for the brain, given their safer toxicity profile and higher efficacy. Despite this, very little is known about LNP-mediated delivery of mRNA into the brain. Here, we employ MC3-based LNPs and successfully deliver Cre mRNA and Cas9 mRNA/Ai9 sgRNA to the adult Ai9 mouse brain; greater than half of the entire striatum and hippocampus was found to be penetrated along the rostro-caudal axis by direct intracerebral injections of MC3 LNP mRNAs. MC3 LNP Cre mRNA successfully transfected cells in the striatum (∼52% efficiency) and hippocampus (∼49% efficiency). In addition, we demonstrate that MC3 LNP Cas9 mRNA/Ai9 sgRNA edited cells in the striatum (∼7% efficiency) and hippocampus (∼3% efficiency). Further analysis demonstrates that MC3 LNPs mediate mRNA delivery to multiple cell types including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the brain. Overall, LNP-based mRNA delivery is effective in brain tissue and shows great promise for treating complex neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tuma
- The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael G. Collins
- The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, TX 78229, USA
| | - Abhik Paul
- The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, CA 94720, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, CA 94704, USA
| | - Hesong Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, CA 94720, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, CA 94704, USA
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, CA 94720, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, CA 94704, USA
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, CA 94720, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California, CA 94704, USA
| | - Hye Young Lee
- The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, TX 78229, USA
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8
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Xiao H, Amarsaikhan O, Zhao Y, Yu X, Hu X, Han S, Chaolumen, Baigude H. Astrocyte-targeted siRNA delivery by adenosine-functionalized LNP in mouse TBI model. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102065. [PMID: 38028196 PMCID: PMC10661454 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces pro-inflammatory polarization of astrocytes and causes secondary disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain damage. Herein, we report a successful astrocyte-targeted delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) by ligand functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) formulated from adenosine-conjugated lipids and a novel ionizable lipid (denoted by Ad4 LNPs). Systemic administration of Ad4 LNPs carrying siRNA against TLR4 to the mice TBI model resulted in the specific internalization of the LNPs by astrocytes in the vicinity of damaged brain tissue. A substantial knockdown of TLR4 at both mRNA and protein levels in the brain was observed, which led to a significant decrease of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase of key anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum. Dye leakage measurement suggested that the Ad4-LNP-mediated knockdown of TLR4 attenuated the TBI-induced BBB disruption. Together, our data suggest that Ad4 LNP is a promising vehicle for astrocyte-specific delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xiao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Odmaa Amarsaikhan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Yunwang Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Han
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Chaolumen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Huricha Baigude
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
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9
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Di J, Wu K, Hou P, Corpstein CD, Xu Y, Li T. Multiphysics-Informed Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Systemic Exposure of Intramuscularly Injected LNPs. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6162-6168. [PMID: 37919256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) constructs have been widely developed for gene therapy delivery. Understanding local absorption and presystemic clearance kinetics of LNPs, however, remains limited. This subsequently restrains the prediction and assessment of the systemic exposure of locally injected LNPs. As such, a multiscale computational approach was developed by integrating multiphysics simulation of intramuscular absorption kinetics of LNPs with whole-body pharmacokinetics modeling, bridged by a presystemic lymphatic kinetic model. The overall framework was enabled by utilizing physiological parameters obtained from the literature and drug-related parameters derived from experiments. The multiscale modeling and simulation approach predicted the systemic exposure of LNPs administered intramuscularly, with a high degree of agreement between the predicted and the experimental data. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the local absorption rate, pinocytosis presystemic clearance rate, and lymph flow rate of the presystemic lymphatic compartment had the most significant impacts on Cmax. The study yielded refreshing perspectives on estimating systemic exposures of locally injected LNPs and their safety and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907-2050, United States
| | - Kangzeng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng Hou
- Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907-2050, United States
| | - Clairissa D Corpstein
- Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907-2050, United States
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali 671003, China
| | - Tonglei Li
- Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907-2050, United States
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10
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Kaymaz SV, Nobar HM, Sarıgül H, Soylukan C, Akyüz L, Yüce M. Nanomaterial surface modification toolkit: Principles, components, recipes, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 322:103035. [PMID: 37931382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface-functionalized nanostructures are at the forefront of biotechnology, providing new opportunities for biosensors, drug delivery, therapy, and bioimaging applications. The modification of nanostructures significantly impacts the performance and success of various applications by enabling selective and precise targeting. This review elucidates widely practiced surface modification strategies, including click chemistry, cross-coupling, silanization, aldehyde linkers, active ester chemistry, maleimide chemistry, epoxy linkers, and other protein and DNA-based methodologies. We also delve into the application-focused landscape of the nano-bio interface, emphasizing four key domains: therapeutics, biosensing, environmental monitoring, and point-of-care technologies, by highlighting prominent studies. The insights presented herein pave the way for further innovations at the intersection of nanotechnology and biotechnology, providing a useful handbook for beginners and professionals. The review draws on various sources, including the latest research articles (2018-2023), to provide a comprehensive overview of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyra Vural Kaymaz
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | - Hasan Sarıgül
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Caner Soylukan
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Lalehan Akyüz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüce
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
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11
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Ali MS, Hooshmand N, El-Sayed M, Labouta HI. Microfluidics for Development of Lipid Nanoparticles: Paving the Way for Nucleic Acids to the Clinic. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3566-3576. [PMID: 35014835 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics hold an unprecedented promise toward treating many challenging diseases; however, their use is hampered by delivery issues. Microfluidics, dealing with fluids in the microscale dimensions, have provided a robust means to screening raw materials for development of nano delivery vectors, in addition to controlling their size and minimizing their polydispersity. In this mini-review, we are briefly highlighting the different types of nucleic acid therapies with emphasis on the delivery requirement for each type. We provide a thorough review of available methods for the development of nanoparticles, especially lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that resulted in FDA approval of the first ever nucleic acid nanomedicine. We then focus on recent research attempts for how microfluidic synthesis of lipid nanoparticles and discuss the various parameters required for successful formulation of LPNs including chip design, flow regimes, and lipid composition. We then identify key areas of research in microfluidics and related fields that require attention for future success in clinical translation of nucleic acid nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa S Ali
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
- Children Hospital's Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Nasrin Hooshmand
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mostafa El-Sayed
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hagar I Labouta
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
- Children Hospital's Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V6, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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12
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Ueda K, Sakagawa Y, Saito T, Fujimoto T, Nakamura M, Sakuma F, Kaneko S, Tokumoto T, Nishimura K, Takeda J, Arai Y, Yamamoto K, Ikeda Y, Higashi K, Moribe K. Molecular-Level Structural Analysis of siRNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles by 1H NMR Relaxometry: Impact of Lipid Composition on Their Structural Properties. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4729-4742. [PMID: 37606988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
1H NMR relaxometry was applied for molecular-level structural analysis of siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to clarify the impact of the neutral lipids, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and cholesterol, on the physicochemical properties of LNP. Incorporating DSPC and cholesterol in ionizable lipid-based LNP decreased the molecular mobility of ionizable lipids. DSPC reduced the overall molecular mobility of ionizable lipids, while cholesterol specifically decreased the mobility of the hydrophobic tails of ionizable lipids, suggesting that cholesterol filled the gap between the hydrophobic tails of ionizable lipids. The decrease in molecular mobility and change in orientation of lipid mixtures contributed to the maintenance of the stacked bilayer structure of siRNA and ionizable lipids, thereby increasing the siRNA encapsulation efficiency. Furthermore, NMR relaxometry revealed that incorporating those neutral lipids enhanced PEG chain flexibility at the LNP interface. Notably, a small amount of DSPC effectively increased PEG chain flexibility, possibly contributing to the improved dispersion stability and narrower size distribution of LNPs. However, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy represented that adding excess amounts of DSPC and cholesterol into LNP resulted in the formation of deformed particles and demixing cholesterol within the LNP, respectively. The optimal lipid composition of ionizable lipid-based LNPs in terms of siRNA encapsulation efficiency and PEG chain flexibility was rationalized based on the molecular-level characterization of LNPs. Moreover, the NMR relaxation rate of tertiary amine protons of ionizable lipids, which are the interaction site with siRNA, can be a valuable indicator of the encapsulated amount of siRNA within LNPs. Thus, NMR-based analysis can be a powerful tool for efficiently designing LNP formulations and their quality control based on the molecular-level elucidation of the physicochemical properties of LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yui Sakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomoki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taiki Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Misaki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Fumie Sakuma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shun Kaneko
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taisei Tokumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Koki Nishimura
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Junpei Takeda
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yuta Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kenjirou Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Moribe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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13
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Hunter MR, Cui L, Porebski BT, Pereira S, Sonzini S, Odunze U, Iyer P, Engkvist O, Lloyd RL, Peel S, Sabirsh A, Ross-Thriepland D, Jones AT, Desai AS. Understanding Intracellular Biology to Improve mRNA Delivery by Lipid Nanoparticles. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201695. [PMID: 37317010 PMCID: PMC7615154 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poor understanding of intracellular delivery and targeting hinders development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics transported by nanoparticles. Utilizing a siRNA-targeting and small molecule profiling approach with advanced imaging and machine learning biological insights is generated into the mechanism of lipid nanoparticle (MC3-LNP) delivery of mRNA. This workflow is termed Advanced Cellular and Endocytic profiling for Intracellular Delivery (ACE-ID). A cell-based imaging assay and perturbation of 178 targets relevant to intracellular trafficking is used to identify corresponding effects on functional mRNA delivery. Targets improving delivery are analyzed by extracting data-rich phenotypic fingerprints from images using advanced image analysis algorithms. Machine learning is used to determine key features correlating with enhanced delivery, identifying fluid-phase endocytosis as a productive cellular entry route. With this new knowledge, MC3-LNP is re-engineered to target macropinocytosis, and this significantly improves mRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo. The ACE-ID approach can be broadly applicable for optimizing nanomedicine-based intracellular delivery systems and has the potential to accelerate the development of delivery systems for nucleic acid-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag Rose Hunter
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Lili Cui
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Sara Pereira
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Silvia Sonzini
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Uchechukwu Odunze
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Preeti Iyer
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, Astrazeneca, Gothenburg, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Ola Engkvist
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, Astrazeneca, Gothenburg, 431 50, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Louise Lloyd
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Samantha Peel
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Alan Sabirsh
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 50, Sweden
| | | | - Arwyn Tomos Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Arpan Shailesh Desai
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
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14
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Zeng S, Chen Y, Zhou F, Zhang T, Fan X, Chrzanowski W, Gillies MC, Zhu L. Recent advances and prospects for lipid-based nanoparticles as drug carriers in the treatment of human retinal diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114965. [PMID: 37315899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of cures for retinal diseases remains problematic. There are four main challenges: passing through multiple barriers of the eye, the delivery to particular retinal cell types, the capability to carry different forms of therapeutic cargo and long-term therapeutic efficacy. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are potent to overcome these challenges due to their unique merits: amphiphilic nanoarchitectures to pass biological barriers, vary modifications with specific affinity to target cell types, flexible capacity for large and mixed types of cargos and slow-release formulations for long-term treatment. We have reviewed the latest research on the applications of LBNPs for treating retinal diseases and categorized them by different payloads. Furthermore, we identified technical barriers and discussed possible future development for LBNPs to expand the therapeutic potential in treating retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxue Zeng
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yingying Chen
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ting Zhang
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | | | - Mark C Gillies
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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15
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Kasiewicz LN, Biswas S, Beach A, Ren H, Dutta C, Mazzola AM, Rohde E, Chadwick A, Cheng C, Garcia SP, Iyer S, Matsumoto Y, Khera AV, Musunuru K, Kathiresan S, Malyala P, Rajeev KG, Bellinger AM. GalNAc-Lipid nanoparticles enable non-LDLR dependent hepatic delivery of a CRISPR base editing therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2776. [PMID: 37188660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles have demonstrated utility in hepatic delivery of a range of therapeutic modalities and typically deliver their cargo via low-density lipoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis. For patients lacking sufficient low-density lipoprotein receptor activity, such as those with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, an alternate strategy is needed. Here we show the use of structure-guided rational design in a series of mouse and non-human primate studies to optimize a GalNAc-Lipid nanoparticle that allows for low-density lipoprotein receptor independent delivery. In low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient non-human primates administered a CRISPR base editing therapy targeting the ANGPTL3 gene, the introduction of an optimized GalNAc-based asialoglycoprotein receptor ligand to the nanoparticle surface increased liver editing from 5% to 61% with minimal editing in nontargeted tissues. Similar editing was noted in wild-type monkeys, with durable blood ANGPTL3 protein reduction up to 89% six months post dosing. These results suggest that GalNAc-Lipid nanoparticles may effectively deliver to both patients with intact low-density lipoprotein receptor activity as well as those afflicted by homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Kasiewicz
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Souvik Biswas
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Aaron Beach
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Huilan Ren
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Chaitali Dutta
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anne Marie Mazzola
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ellen Rohde
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alexandra Chadwick
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christopher Cheng
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sara P Garcia
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuri Matsumoto
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Padma Malyala
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Bellinger
- Verve Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 601, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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16
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Porterfield JE, Sharma R, Jimenez AS, Sah N, McCracken S, Zhang L, An H, Lee S, Kannan S, Sharma A, Kannan RM. Galactosylated hydroxyl-polyamidoamine dendrimer targets hepatocytes and improves therapeutic outcomes in a severe model of acetaminophen poisoning-induced liver failure. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10486. [PMID: 37206223 PMCID: PMC10189448 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity to hepatocytes caused by various insults including drugs is a common cause of chronic liver failure requiring transplantation. Targeting therapeutics specifically to hepatocytes is often a challenge since they are relatively nonendocytosing unlike the highly phagocytic Kupffer cells in the liver. Approaches that enable targeted intracellular delivery of therapeutics to hepatocytes have significant promise in addressing liver disorders. We synthesized a galactose-conjugated hydroxyl polyamidoamine dendrimer (D4-Gal) that targets hepatocytes efficiently through the asialoglycoprotein receptors in healthy mice and in a mouse model of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver failure. D4-Gal localized specifically in hepatocytes and showed significantly better targeting when compared with the non-Gal functionalized hydroxyl dendrimer. The therapeutic potential of D4-Gal conjugated to N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) was tested in a mouse model of APAP-induced liver failure. A single intravenous dose of a conjugate of D4-Gal and NAC (Gal-d-NAC) improved survival in APAP mice, decreased cellular oxidative injury and areas of necrosis in the liver, even when administered at the delayed time point of 8 h after APAP exposure. Overdose of APAP is the most common cause of acute hepatic injury and liver transplant need in the United States, and is treated with large doses of NAC administered rapidly within 8 h of overdose leading to systemic side effects and poor tolerance. NAC is not effective when treatment is delayed. Our results suggest that D4-Gal is effective in targeting and delivering therapies to hepatocytes and Gal-D-NAC has the potential to salvage and treat liver injury with a broader therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E. Porterfield
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ambar Scarlet Jimenez
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nirnath Sah
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sean McCracken
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Lucia Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Hyoung‐Tae An
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of RadiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Seulki Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of RadiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.BaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Present address:
Department of ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Rangaramanujam M. Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.BaltimoreMarylandUSA
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17
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Kawaguchi M, Noda M, Ono A, Kamiya M, Matsumoto M, Tsurumaru M, Mizukami S, Mukai H, Kawakami S. Effect of Cholesterol Content of Lipid Composition in mRNA-LNPs on the Protein Expression in the Injected Site and Liver After Local Administration in Mice. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1401-1410. [PMID: 36596392 PMCID: PMC9805379 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) is expected to be applied to various diseases following the successful clinical use of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the cholesterol molar percentage of mRNA-LNPs on protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells and in the liver after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of mRNA-LNPs in mice. For mRNA-LNPs with cholesterol molar percentages reduced to 10 mol% and 20 mol%, we formulated neutral charge particles with a diameter of approximately 100 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) <0.25. After the intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of mRNA-LNPs with different cholesterol molar percentages in mice, protein expression in the liver decreased as the cholesterol molar percentage in mRNA-LNPs decreased from 40 mol% to 20 mol% and 10 mol%, suggesting that reducing the cholesterol molar percentage in mRNA-LNPs decreases protein expression in the liver. Furthermore, in HepG2 cells, protein expression decreased as cholesterol in mRNA-LNPs was reduced by 40 mol%, 20 mol%, and 10 mol%. These results suggest that the downregulated expression of mRNA-LNPs with low cholesterol content in the liver involves degradation in systemic circulating blood and decreased protein expression after hepatocyte distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Marin Noda
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Akari Ono
- Under Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mariko Kamiya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsumoto
- Under Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masako Tsurumaru
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shusaku Mizukami
- Department of Immune Regulation, Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Mukai
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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18
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Pratsinis A, Fan Y, Portmann M, Hammel M, Kou P, Sarode A, Ringler P, Kovacik L, Lauer ME, Lamerz J, Hura GL, Yen CW, Keller M. Impact of non-ionizable lipids and phase mixing methods on structural properties of lipid nanoparticle formulations. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122874. [PMID: 36948476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been widely investigated for nucleic acid therapeutic delivery, and demonstrated their potential in enabling new mRNA vaccines. LNPs are usually formulated with multi-lipid components and the composition variables may impact their structural properties. Here, we investigated the impact of helper lipids on physicochemical properties of LNPs using a Design of Experiments (DoE) definitive screening design. Phospholipid head group, degree of unsaturation, ratio to cholesterol as well as PEG-lipid content were varied and a series of 14 LNPs were prepared by microfluidic- and solvent-injection mixing. Solvent-injection mixing by a robotic liquid handler yielded 50-225 nm nanoparticles with highly ordered, ∼5 nm inter-lamellar spacing as measured by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and confirmed by cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-EM). In contrast, microfluidic mixing resulted in less ordered, notably smaller (50-75 nm) and more homogenous nanoparticles. Significant impacts of the stealth-lipid DSPE-PEG2000 on nanoparticle size, polydispersity and encapsulation efficiency of an oligonucleotide cargo were observed in LNPs produced by both methods, while varying the phospholipid type and content had only marginal effect on these physicochemical properties. These findings suggest that from a physicochemical perspective, the design space for combinations of helper lipids in LNPs may be considerably larger than anticipated based on the conservative formulation composition of the currently FDA-approved LNPs, thereby opening opportunities for screening and optimization of novel LNP formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pratsinis
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yuchen Fan
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michaela Portmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal Hammel
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ponien Kou
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Apoorva Sarode
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Philippe Ringler
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH - 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lubomir Kovacik
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E Lauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Lamerz
- PD Data Sciences Nonclinical Biostatistics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Greg L Hura
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Wan Yen
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Michael Keller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Geng L, Kato N, Kodama Y, Mukai H, Kawakami S. Influence of lipid composition of messenger RNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles on the protein expression via intratracheal administration in mice. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122896. [PMID: 36972778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Intratracheal (i.t.) administration, which takes advantage of the specific structure of the respiratory system, can effectively deliver nanoparticles to the lung. Much remains unknown about the i.t. administration of messenger RNA (mRNA)-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and the effect of lipid composition. In this study, we administered minute amounts of mRNA-LNP solutions into mice intratracheally and investigated the effect of lipid composition on protein expression in the lungs. We first validated higher protein expression with mRNA-LNP compared to that with mRNA-PEI complex and naked mRNA. Then, we evaluated the influence of lipid composition of LNPs on the protein expression and found that: 1) decreasing the PEG molarity from 1.5% to 0.5% could significantly increase the protein expression; 2) replacing DMG-PEG with DSG-PEG could slightly increase the protein expression; 3) using DOPE instead of DSPC could increase protein expression by an order of magnitude. We successfully prepared an mRNA-LNP with optimal lipid compositions that led to robust protein expression following i.t. administration, thus providing meaningful insights into advanced development of mRNA-LNPs for therapeutic i.t. administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjian Geng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Yukinobu Kodama
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hidefumi Mukai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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20
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Veiga N, Diesendruck Y, Peer D. Targeted nanomedicine: Lessons learned and future directions. J Control Release 2023; 355:446-457. [PMID: 36773958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Designing a therapeutic modality that will reach a certain organ, tissue, or cell type is crucial for both the therapeutic efficiency and to limit off-target adverse effects. Nanoparticles carrying various drugs, such as nucleic acids, small molecules and proteins, are promoting modalities to this end. Beyond the need to identify a target for a specific indication, an adequate design has to address the multiple biological barriers, such as systemic barriers, dilution and unspecific distribution, tissue penetration and intracellular trafficking. The field of targeted delivery has developed rapidly in recent years, with tremendous progress made in understating the biological barriers, and new technologies to functionalize nanoparticles with targeting moieties for an accurate, specific and highly selective delivery. Implementing new approaches like multi-functionalized nanocarriers and machine learning models will advance the field for designing safe, cell -specific nanoparticle delivery systems. Here, we will critically review the current progress in the field and suggest novel strategies to improve cell specific delivery of therapeutic payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuphar Veiga
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yael Diesendruck
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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21
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Mendonça MCP, Kont A, Kowalski PS, O'Driscoll CM. Design of lipid-based nanoparticles for delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103505. [PMID: 36708760 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The successful development of nonviral delivery systems for nucleic acids has been reported extensively over the past number of years. Among them, lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the most advanced platform. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in LNP technology, focusing on the delivery of a range of nucleic acids. Recent advances in the development of an efficient and safe lipid-based system are critically analyzed with a particular emphasis on the rationale behind the design of LNPs and on attempts to elucidate the resulting molecular assembly and structure, their interactions with cellular proteins and biodistribution. In addition, manufacturing methods including microfluidics and their potential to influence stability and scale-up are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayse Kont
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Piotr S Kowalski
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
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22
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Sufian MA, Ilies MA. Lipid-based nucleic acid therapeutics with in vivo efficacy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1856. [PMID: 36180107 PMCID: PMC10023279 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic vectors for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery are currently competing significantly with their viral counter parts due to their reduced immunogenicity, large payload capacity, and ease of manufacture under GMP-compliant norms. The approval of Onpattro, a lipid-based siRNA therapeutic, and the proven clinical success of two lipid-based COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech, and Moderna heralded the specific advantages of lipid-based systems among all other synthetic nucleic acid carriers. Lipid-based systems with diverse payloads-plasmid DNA (pDNA), antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small activating RNA (saRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA)-are now becoming a mature technology, with growing impact in the clinic. Research over four decades identified the key factors determining the therapeutic success of these multi-component systems. Here, we discuss the main nucleic acid-based technologies, presenting their mechanism of action, delivery barriers facing them, the structural properties of the payload as well as the component lipids that regulate physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, efficacy, and toxicity of the resultant nanoparticles. We further detail on the formulation parameters, evolution of the manufacturing techniques that generate reproducible and scalable outputs, and key manufacturing aspects that enable control over physicochemical properties of the resultant particles. Preclinical applications of some of these formulations that were successfully translated from in vitro studies to animal models are subsequently discussed. Finally, clinical success and failure of these systems starting from 1993 to present are highlighted, in a holistic literature review focused on lipid-based nucleic acid delivery systems. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sufian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marc A. Ilies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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23
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Seo H, Jeon L, Kwon J, Lee H. High-Precision Synthesis of RNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203033. [PMID: 36737864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of RNA-based therapeutics in delivering nucleic acids for gene editing and regulating protein translation has led to the effective treatment of various diseases including cancer, inflammatory and genetic disorder, as well as infectious diseases. Among these, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as a promising platform for RNA delivery and have shed light by resolving the inherent instability issues of naked RNA and thereby enhancing the therapeutic potency. These LNP consisting of ionizable lipid, helper lipid, cholesterol, and poly(ethylene glycol)-anchored lipid can stably enclose RNA and help them release into the cells' cytosol. Herein, the significant progress made in LNP research starting from the LNP constituents, formulation, and their diverse applications is summarized first. Moreover, the microfluidic methodologies which allow precise assembly of these newly developed constituents to achieve LNP with controllable composition and size, high encapsulation efficiency as well as scalable production are highlighted. Furthermore, a short discussion on current challenges as well as an outlook will be given on emerging approaches to resolving these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Leekang Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
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24
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Nsairat H, AlShaer W, Odeh F, Essawi E, Khater D, Bawab AA, El-Tanani M, Awidi A, Mubarak MS. Recent Advances in Using Liposomes for Delivery of Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics. OPENNANO 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2023.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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25
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Lipid Microparticles Show Similar Efficacy With Lipid Nanoparticles in Delivering mRNA and Preventing Cancer. Pharm Res 2023; 40:265-279. [PMID: 36451070 PMCID: PMC9713120 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Messenger RNA (mRNA) has shown great promise for vaccine against both infectious diseases and cancer. However, mRNA is unstable and requires a delivery vehicle for efficient cellular uptake and degradation protection. So far, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the most advanced delivery platform for mRNA delivery. However, no published studies have compared lipid microparticles (LMPs) with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in delivering mRNA systematically, therefore, we compared the impact of particle size on delivery efficacy of mRNA vaccine and subsequent immune responses. METHODS Herein, we prepared 3 different size lipid particles, from nano-sized to micro-sized, and they loaded similar amounts of mRNA. These lipid particles were investigated both in vitro and in vivo, followed by evaluating the impact of particle size on inducing cellular and humoral immune responses. RESULTS In this study, all mRNA vaccines showed a robust immune response and lipid microparticles (LMPs) show similar efficacy with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in delivering mRNA and preventing cancer. In addition, immune adjuvants, either toll like receptors or active molecules from traditional Chinese medicine, can improve the efficacy of mRNA vaccines. CONCLUSIONS Considering the efficiency of delivery and endocytosis, besides lipid nanoparticles with size smaller than 150 nm, lipid microparticles (LMPs) also have the potential to be an alternative and promising delivery system for mRNA vaccines.
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26
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siRNA Functionalized Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) in Management of Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112520. [PMID: 36432711 PMCID: PMC9694336 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi (RNA interference)-based technology is emerging as a versatile tool which has been widely utilized in the treatment of various diseases. siRNA can alter gene expression by binding to the target mRNA and thereby inhibiting its translation. This remarkable potential of siRNA makes it a useful candidate, and it has been successively used in the treatment of diseases, including cancer. However, certain properties of siRNA such as its large size and susceptibility to degradation by RNases are major drawbacks of using this technology at the broader scale. To overcome these challenges, there is a requirement for versatile tools for safe and efficient delivery of siRNA to its target site. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been extensively explored to this end, and this paper reviews different types of LNPs, namely liposomes, solid lipid NPs, nanostructured lipid carriers, and nanoemulsions, to highlight this delivery mode. The materials and methods of preparation of the LNPs have been described here, and pertinent physicochemical properties such as particle size, surface charge, surface modifications, and PEGylation in enhancing the delivery performance (stability and specificity) have been summarized. We have discussed in detail various challenges facing LNPs and various strategies to overcome biological barriers to undertake the safe delivery of siRNA to a target site. We additionally highlighted representative therapeutic applications of LNP formulations with siRNA that may offer unique therapeutic benefits in such wide areas as acute myeloid leukaemia, breast cancer, liver disease, hepatitis B and COVID-19 as recent examples.
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27
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Johnson LT, Zhang D, Zhou K, Lee SM, Liu S, Dilliard SA, Farbiak L, Chatterjee S, Lin YH, Siegwart DJ. Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Chemistry Can Endow Unique In Vivo RNA Delivery Fates within the Liver That Alter Therapeutic Outcomes in a Cancer Model. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3973-3986. [PMID: 36154076 PMCID: PMC9888001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Within the field of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for RNA delivery, the focus has been mainly placed on organ level delivery, which can mask cellular level effects consequential to therapeutic applications. Here, we studied a pair of LNPs with similar physical properties and discovered how the chemistry of the ionizable amino lipid can control the endogenous LNP identity, affecting cellular uptake in the liver and altering therapeutic outcomes in a model of liver cancer. Although most LNPs accumulate in the liver after intravenous administration (suggesting that liver delivery is straightforward), we observed an unexpected behavior when comparing two similar LNP formulations (5A2-SC8 and 3A5-SC14 LNPs) that resulted in distinct RNA delivery within the organ. Despite both LNPs possessing similar physical properties, ability to silence gene expression in vitro, strong accumulation within the liver, and a shared pKa of 6.5, only 5A2-SC8 LNPs were able to functionally deliver RNA to hepatocytes. Factor VII (FVII) activity was reduced by 87%, with 5A2-SC8 LNPs carrying FVII siRNA (siFVII), while 3A5-SC14 LNPs carrying siFVII produced baseline FVII activity levels comparable to the nontreatment control at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg. Protein corona analysis indicated that 5A2-SC8 LNPs bind apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which can drive LDL-R receptor-mediated endocytosis in hepatocytes. In contrast, the surface of 3A5-SC14 LNPs was enriched in albumin but depleted in ApoE, which likely led to Kupffer cell delivery and detargeting of hepatocytes. In an aggressive MYC-driven liver cancer model relevant to hepatocytes, 5A2-SC8 LNPs carrying let-7g miRNA were able to significantly extend survival up to 121 days. Since disease targets exist in an organ- and cell-specific manner, the clinical development of RNA LNP therapeutics will require an improved understanding of LNP cellular tropism within organs. The results from our work illustrate the importance of understanding the cellular localization of RNA delivery and incorporating further checkpoints when choosing nanoparticles beyond biochemical and physical characterization, as small changes in the chemical composition of LNPs can have an impact on both the biofate of LNPs and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Kejin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Sang M Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Sean A Dilliard
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Lukas Farbiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Sumanta Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, United States
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28
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Li S, Hu Y, Li A, Lin J, Hsieh K, Schneiderman Z, Zhang P, Zhu Y, Qiu C, Kokkoli E, Wang TH, Mao HQ. Payload distribution and capacity of mRNA lipid nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5561. [PMID: 36151112 PMCID: PMC9508184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are effective vehicles to deliver mRNA vaccines and therapeutics. It has been challenging to assess mRNA packaging characteristics in LNPs, including payload distribution and capacity, which are critical to understanding structure-property-function relationships for further carrier development. Here, we report a method based on the multi-laser cylindrical illumination confocal spectroscopy (CICS) technique to examine mRNA and lipid contents in LNP formulations at the single-nanoparticle level. By differentiating unencapsulated mRNAs, empty LNPs and mRNA-loaded LNPs via coincidence analysis of fluorescent tags on different LNP components, and quantitatively resolving single-mRNA fluorescence, we reveal that a commonly referenced benchmark formulation using DLin-MC3 as the ionizable lipid contains mostly 2 mRNAs per loaded LNP with a presence of 40%–80% empty LNPs depending on the assembly conditions. Systematic analysis of different formulations with control variables reveals a kinetically controlled assembly mechanism that governs the payload distribution and capacity in LNPs. These results form the foundation for a holistic understanding of the molecular assembly of mRNA LNPs. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are effective vehicles to deliver mRNA vaccines and therapeutics but assessing the mRNA packaging characteristics in LNPs is challenging. Here, the authors report that mRNA and lipid contents in LNP formulations can be quantitatively examined by multi-laser cylindrical illumination confocal spectroscopy at the single-nanoparticle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yizong Hu
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Andrew Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinghan Lin
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Schneiderman
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yining Zhu
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chenhu Qiu
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Efrosini Kokkoli
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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29
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Basha G, Cottle AG, Pretheeban T, Chan KY, Witzigmann D, Young RN, Rossi FM, Cullis PR. Lipid nanoparticle-mediated silencing of osteogenic suppressor GNAS leads to osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3034-3051. [PMID: 35733339 PMCID: PMC9481989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approved drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis can prevent further bone loss but do not stimulate bone formation. Approaches that improve bone density in metabolic diseases are needed. Therapies that take advantage of the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into various osteogenic lineages to treat bone disorders are of particular interest. Here we examine the ability of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by silencing the negative suppressor gene GNAS in bone MSCs. Using clinically validated lipid nanoparticle (LNP) siRNA delivery systems, we show that silencing the suppressor gene GNAS in vitro in MSCs leads to molecular and phenotypic changes similar to those seen in osteoblasts. Further, we demonstrate that these LNP-siRNAs can transfect a large proportion of mice MSCs in the compact bone following intravenous injection. Transfection of MSCs in various animal models led to silencing of GNAS and enhanced differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. These data demonstrate the potential for LNP delivery of siRNA to enhance the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts, and suggests that they are a promising approach for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genc Basha
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Andrew G Cottle
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Thavaneetharajah Pretheeban
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Research Centre University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karen Yt Chan
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Robert N Young
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fabio Mv Rossi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Research Centre University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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30
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Algarni A, Pilkington EH, Suys EJA, Al-Wassiti H, Pouton CW, Truong NP. In vivo delivery of plasmid DNA by lipid nanoparticles: the influence of ionizable cationic lipids on organ-selective gene expression. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2940-2952. [PMID: 35475455 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionizable cationic lipids play a critical role in developing new gene therapies for various biomedical applications, including COVID-19 vaccines. However, it remains unclear whether the formulation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) using DLin-MC3-DMA, an optimized ionizable lipid clinically used for small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy, also facilitates high liver-selective transfection of other gene therapies such as plasmid DNA (pDNA). Here we report the first investigation into pDNA transfection efficiency in different mouse organs after intramuscular and intravenous administration of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) where DLin-MC3-DMA, DLin-KC2-DMA or DODAP are used as the ionizable cationic lipid component of the LNP. We discovered that these three benchmark lipids previously developed for siRNA delivery followed an unexpected characteristic rank order in gene expression efficiency when utilized for pDNA. In particular, DLin-KC2-DMA facilitated higher in vivo pDNA transfection than DLin-MC3-DMA and DODAP, possibly due to its head group pKa and lipid tail structure. Interestingly, LNPs formulated with either DLin-KC2-DMA or DLin-MC3-DMA exhibited significantly higher in vivo protein production in the spleen than in the liver. This work sheds light on the importance of the choice of ionizable cationic lipid and nucleic acid cargo for organ-selective gene expression. The study also provides a new design principle towards the formulation of more effective LNPs for biomedical applications of pDNA, such as gene editing, vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah Algarni
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Emily H Pilkington
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Estelle J A Suys
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Hareth Al-Wassiti
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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31
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Swart LE, Koekman CA, Seinen CW, Issa H, Rasouli M, Schiffelers RM, Heidenreich O. A robust post-insertion method for the preparation of targeted siRNA LNPs. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121741. [PMID: 35421533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of nucleic acids is gaining momentum due to improved efficacy, selectivity, increased circulation time and enhanced tissue retention in target cells. Using nucleic acid-based therapies previously undruggable targets have proven now to be amenable for treatment. Currently, several methods for preparing targeted or labelled delivery vehicles for nucleic acids are based on liposomal formulations. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are structurally different from liposomes and these methods should therefore be evaluated before being translated to siRNA LNPs preparation protocols. Here, we describe a robust and facile method for the preparation of targeted or fluorescently labelled siRNA LNPs. Using a copper free strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) we demonstrate that post-insertion of ligand-lipid conjugates into preformed LNPs is superior to direct-surface modification because it preserves the physicochemical parameters of the LNPs. We found that the time point of solvent removal by dialysis is critical and affects the hydrodynamic diameter of the LNPs; post-insertion after dialysis shows the smallest increase in hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index (PDI). The post-insertion of ligand-lipid conjugates also proceeded with rapid kinetics and high efficacy over a wide temperature range. Using this optimised protocol, we generated siRNA LNPs containing both targeting and fluorescent tracking ligands allowing us to monitor siRNA LNP uptake kinetics in dependence of the targeting ligand. In aggregate, we describe a robust approach for the generation of targeted and labelled siRNA LNPs that allows their controlled and facile decoration with ligand combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Swart
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C A Koekman
- Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - C W Seinen
- Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - H Issa
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - M Rasouli
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R M Schiffelers
- Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - O Heidenreich
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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32
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Pattipeiluhu R, Arias-Alpizar G, Basha G, Chan KYT, Bussmann J, Sharp TH, Moradi MA, Sommerdijk N, Harris EN, Cullis PR, Kros A, Witzigmann D, Campbell F. Anionic Lipid Nanoparticles Preferentially Deliver mRNA to the Hepatic Reticuloendothelial System. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201095. [PMID: 35218106 PMCID: PMC9461706 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the leading nonviral technologies for the delivery of exogenous RNA to target cells in vivo. As systemic delivery platforms, these technologies are exemplified by Onpattro, an approved LNP-based RNA interference therapy, administered intravenously and targeted to parenchymal liver cells. The discovery of systemically administered LNP technologies capable of preferential RNA delivery beyond hepatocytes has, however, proven more challenging. Here, preceded by comprehensive mechanistic understanding of in vivo nanoparticle biodistribution and bodily clearance, an LNP-based messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery platform is rationally designed to preferentially target the hepatic reticuloendothelial system (RES). Evaluated in embryonic zebrafish, validated in mice, and directly compared to LNP-mRNA systems based on the lipid composition of Onpattro, RES-targeted LNPs significantly enhance mRNA expression both globally within the liver and specifically within hepatic RES cell types. Hepatic RES targeting requires just a single lipid change within the formulation of Onpattro to switch LNP surface charge from neutral to anionic. This technology not only provides new opportunities to treat liver-specific and systemic diseases in which RES cell types play a key role but, more importantly, exemplifies that rational design of advanced RNA therapies must be preceded by a robust understanding of the dominant nano-biointeractions involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Pattipeiluhu
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- BioNanoPatterning, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Arias-Alpizar
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Genc Basha
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karen Y T Chan
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- BioNanoPatterning, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad-Amin Moradi
- Materials and Interface Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Sommerdijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoVation Therapeutics Inc., 2405 Wesbrook Mall 4th Floor, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Alexander Kros
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoVation Therapeutics Inc., 2405 Wesbrook Mall 4th Floor, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Frederick Campbell
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
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Rodriguez-Salazar CA, Recalde-Reyes DP, Bedoya JP, Padilla-Sanabria L, Castaño-Osorio JC, Giraldo MI. In Vitro Inhibition of Replication of Dengue Virus Serotypes 1-4 by siRNAs Bound to Non-Toxic Liposomes. Viruses 2022; 14:339. [PMID: 35215929 PMCID: PMC8875542 DOI: 10.3390/v14020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is a ssRNA+ flavivirus, which produces the dengue disease in humans. Currently, no specific treatment exists. siRNAs regulate gene expression and have been used systematically to silence viral genomes; however, they require controlled release. Liposomes show favorable results encapsulating siRNA for gene silencing. The objective herein was to design and evaluate in vitro siRNAs bound to liposomes that inhibit DENV replication. siRNAs were designed against DENV1-4 from conserved regions using siDirect2.0 and Web-BLOCK-iT™ RNAiDesigner; the initial in vitro evaluation was carried out through transfection into HepG2 cells. siRNA with silencing capacity was encapsulated in liposomes composed of D-Lin-MC3-DMA, DSPC, Chol. Cytotoxicity, hemolysis, pro-inflammatory cytokine release and antiviral activity were evaluated using plaque assay and RT-qPCR. A working concentration of siRNA was established at 40 nM. siRNA1, siRNA2, siRNA3.1, and siRNA4 were encapsulated in liposomes, and their siRNA delivery through liposomes led to a statistically significant decrease in viral titers, yielded no cytotoxicity or hemolysis and did not stimulate release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, liposomes were designed with siRNA against DENV, which proved to be safe in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andrés Rodriguez-Salazar
- Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia 630003, Colombia; (D.P.R.-R.); (J.P.B.); (L.P.-S.); (J.C.C.-O.)
- Molecular Biology and Virology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Corporación Universitaria Empresarial Alexander Von Humboldt, Armenia 630003, Colombia
| | - Delia Piedad Recalde-Reyes
- Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia 630003, Colombia; (D.P.R.-R.); (J.P.B.); (L.P.-S.); (J.C.C.-O.)
- Molecular Biology and Virology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Corporación Universitaria Empresarial Alexander Von Humboldt, Armenia 630003, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Bedoya
- Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia 630003, Colombia; (D.P.R.-R.); (J.P.B.); (L.P.-S.); (J.C.C.-O.)
| | - Leonardo Padilla-Sanabria
- Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia 630003, Colombia; (D.P.R.-R.); (J.P.B.); (L.P.-S.); (J.C.C.-O.)
| | - Jhon Carlos Castaño-Osorio
- Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia 630003, Colombia; (D.P.R.-R.); (J.P.B.); (L.P.-S.); (J.C.C.-O.)
| | - Maria Isabel Giraldo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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34
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Maeki M, Uno S, Niwa A, Okada Y, Tokeshi M. Microfluidic technologies and devices for lipid nanoparticle-based RNA delivery. J Control Release 2022; 344:80-96. [PMID: 35183654 PMCID: PMC8851889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In 2021, mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 were approved by the Food and Drug Administration. mRNA vaccines are important for preventing severe COVID-19 and returning to normal life. The development of RNA-delivery technology, including mRNA vaccines, has been investigated worldwide for ~30 years. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a breakthrough technology that stably delivers RNA to target organs, and RNA-loaded LNP-based nanomedicines have been studied for the development of vaccines and nanomedicines for RNA-, gene-, and cell-based therapies. Recently, microfluidic devices and technologies have attracted attention for the production of LNPs, particularly RNA-loaded LNPs. Microfluidics provides many advantages for RNA-loaded LNP production, including precise LNP size controllability, high reproducibility, high-throughput optimization of LNP formulation, and continuous LNP-production processes. In this review, we summarize microfluidic-based RNA-loaded LNP production and its applications in RNA-based therapy and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Maeki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Shuya Uno
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ayuka Niwa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuto Okada
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
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35
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Di J, Du Z, Wu K, Jin S, Wang X, Li T, Xu Y. Biodistribution and Non-linear Gene Expression of mRNA LNPs Affected by Delivery Route and Particle Size. Pharm Res 2022; 39:105-114. [PMID: 35080707 PMCID: PMC8791091 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely utilized as means to deliver mRNA molecules. However, metric connections between biodistribution and pharmacokinetics (PK) of the nanoparticle carrier and transgene expression dynamics remain largely unknown. Methods LNPs containing mRNAs encoding the firefly luciferase gene were prepared with varying sizes. Biodistributions of injected LNPs in mice were measured by fluorescence bioimaging or liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, luciferase expression levels were determined by bioluminescence imaging and enzyme activity assays. Results Some intramuscularly injected LNPs were found circulating in the system, resulting in accumulation in the liver and spleen, especially when the LNP sizes were relatively small. Bigger LNPs were more likely to remain at the injection site. Transgene expression in the liver was found most prominent compared with other organs and tissues. Conclusions Biomolecules such as mRNAs encapsulated in locally injected LNPs can reach other organs and tissues via systemic circulation. Gene expression levels are affected by the LNP biodistribution and pharmacokinetics (PK), which are further influenced by the particle size and injection route. As transfection efficiency varies in different organs, the LNP exposure and mRNA expression are not linearly correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Du
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali, China
| | - Kangzeng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali, China
| | - Tonglei Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, RHPH Building, RM 124, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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36
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Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a type of lipid vesicles that possess a homogeneous lipid core. These vesicles are widely used in small-molecule drug and nucleic acid delivery and recently gained much attention because of their remarkable success as a delivery platform for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Nonetheless, the utility of transient protein expression induced by mRNA extends far beyond vaccines against infectious diseases─they also hold promise as cancer vaccines, protein replacement therapies, and gene editing components for rare genetic diseases. However, naked mRNA is inherently unstable and prone to rapid degradation by nucleases and self-hydrolysis. Encapsulation of mRNA within LNPs protects mRNA from extracellular ribonucleases and assists with intracellular mRNA delivery.In this Account, we discuss the core features of LNPs for RNA delivery. We focus our attention on LNPs designed to deliver mRNA; however, we also include examples of siRNA-LNP delivery where appropriate to highlight the commonalities and the dissimilarities due to the nucleic acid structure. First, we introduce the concept of LNPs, the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing nucleic acids as therapeutic agents, and the general reasoning behind the molecular makeup of LNPs. We also briefly highlight the most recent clinical successes of LNP-based nucleic acid therapies. Second, we describe the theory and methods of LNP self-assembly. The common idea behind all of the preparation methods is inducing electrostatic interactions between the nucleic acid and charged lipids and promoting nanoparticle growth via hydrophobic interactions. Third, we break down the LNP composition with special attention to the fundamental properties and purposes of each component. This includes the identified molecular design criteria, commercial sourcing, impact on intracellular trafficking, and contribution to the properties of LNPs. One of the key components of LNPs is ionizable lipids, which initiate electrostatic binding with endosomal membranes and facilitate cytosolic release; however, the roles of other lipid components should not be disregarded, as they are associated with stability, clearance, and distribution of LNPs. Fourth, we review the attributes of LNP constructs as a whole that can heavily influence RNA delivery. These attributes are LNP size, charge, internal structure, lipid packing, lipid membrane hydration, stability, and affinity toward biomacromolecules. We also discuss the specific techniques used to examine these attributes and how they can be adjusted. Finally, we offer our perspective on the future of RNA therapies and some questions that remain in the realm of LNP formulation and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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37
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Labouta HI, Langer R, Cullis PR, Merkel OM, Prausnitz MR, Gomaa Y, Nogueira SS, Kumeria T. Role of drug delivery technologies in the success of COVID-19 vaccines: a perspective. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2581-2588. [PMID: 35290656 PMCID: PMC8923087 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The triumphant success of mRNA vaccines is a testimony to the important role drug delivery technologies have played in protecting billions of people against SARS-CoV-2 (or the Corona Virus Disease 2019; COVID-19). Several lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mRNA vaccines were developed and have been instrumental in preventing the disease by boosting the immune system against the pathogen, SARS-CoV-2. These vaccines have been built on decades of scientific research in drug delivery of mRNA, vaccines, and other biologicals. In this manuscript, several leading and emerging scientists in the field of drug delivery share their perspective on the role of drug delivery technologies in developing safe and efficacious vaccines, in a roundtable discussion. The authors also discussed their viewpoint on the current challenges, and the key research questions that should drive this important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar I. Labouta
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5 Canada ,grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.460198.20000 0004 4685 0561Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521 Egypt
| | - Robert Langer
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Pieter R. Cullis
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Olivia M. Merkel
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81337 Munich, Germany
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Yasmine Gomaa
- grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Sara S. Nogueira
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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Khare P, Dave KM, Kamte YS, Manoharan MA, O'Donnell LA, Manickam DS. Development of Lipidoid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery to Neural Cells. AAPS J 2021; 24:8. [PMID: 34873640 PMCID: PMC8648339 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipidoid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the delivery platform in Onpattro, the first FDA-approved siRNA drug. LNPs are also the carriers in the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. While these applications have demonstrated that LNPs effectively deliver nucleic acids to hepatic and muscle cells, it is unclear if LNPs could be used for delivery of siRNA to neural cells, which are notoriously challenging delivery targets. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if LNPs could efficiently deliver siRNA to neurons. Because of their potential delivery utility in either applications for the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, we used both cortical neurons and sensory neurons. We prepared siRNA-LNPs using C12-200, a benchmark ionizable cationic lipidoid along with helper lipids. We demonstrated using dynamic light scattering that the inclusion of both siRNA and PEG-lipid provided a stabilizing effect to the LNP particle diameters and polydispersity indices by minimizing aggregation. We found that siRNA-LNPs were safely tolerated by primary dorsal root ganglion neurons. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Cy5 siRNA delivered via LNPs into rat primary cortical neurons showed uptake levels similar to Lipofectamine RNAiMAX-the gold standard commercial transfection agent. However, LNPs demonstrated a superior safety profile, whereas the Lipofectamine-mediated uptake was concomitant with significant toxicity. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated a time-dependent increase in the uptake of LNP-delivered Cy5 siRNA in a human cortical neuron cell line. Overall, our results suggest that LNPs are a viable platform that can be optimized for delivery of therapeutic siRNAs to neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Khare
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 453 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282, USA
| | - Kandarp M Dave
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 453 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282, USA
| | - Yashika S Kamte
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 453 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282, USA
| | | | - Lauren A O'Donnell
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 453 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282, USA
| | - Devika S Manickam
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 453 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282, USA.
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39
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Wang W, Feng S, Ye Z, Gao H, Lin J, Ouyang D. Prediction of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA vaccines by the machine learning algorithm. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:2950-2962. [PMID: 35755271 PMCID: PMC9214321 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) is commonly used to deliver mRNA vaccines. Currently, LNP optimization primarily relies on screening ionizable lipids by traditional experiments which consumes intensive cost and time. Current study attempts to apply computational methods to accelerate the LNP development for mRNA vaccines. Firstly, 325 data samples of mRNA vaccine LNP formulations with IgG titer were collected. The machine learning algorithm, lightGBM, was used to build a prediction model with good performance (R2 > 0.87). More importantly, the critical substructures of ionizable lipids in LNPs were identified by the algorithm, which well agreed with published results. The animal experimental results showed that LNP using DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3) as ionizable lipid with an N/P ratio at 6:1 induced higher efficiency in mice than LNP with SM-102, which was consistent with the model prediction. Molecular dynamic modeling further investigated the molecular mechanism of LNPs used in the experiment. The result showed that the lipid molecules aggregated to form LNPs, and mRNA molecules twined around the LNPs. In summary, the machine learning predictive model for LNP-based mRNA vaccines was first developed, validated by experiments, and further integrated with molecular modeling. The prediction model can be used for virtual screening of LNP formulations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhuyifan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hanlu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jinzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +853 88224514 (Defang Ouyang); +86 21 31246764 (Jinzhong Lin).
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +853 88224514 (Defang Ouyang); +86 21 31246764 (Jinzhong Lin).
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40
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Cattel L, Giordano S, Traina S, Lupia T, Corcione S, Angelone L, La Valle G, De Rosa FG, Cattel F. Vaccine development and technology for SARS-CoV-2: Current insight. J Med Virol 2021; 94:878-896. [PMID: 34713912 PMCID: PMC8662109 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is associated with a severe respiratory disease in China, that rapidly spread across continents. Since the beginning of the pandemic, available data suggested the asymptomatic transmission and patients were treated with specific drugs with efficacy and safety data not always satisfactory. The aim of this review is to describe the vaccines developed by three companies, Pfizer‐BioNTech, Moderna, and University of Oxford/AstraZeneca, in terms of both technological and pharmaceutical formulation, safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity. A critical analysis of Phases 1, 2, and 3 clinical trial results available was conducted, comparing the three vaccine candidates, underlining their similarities and differences. All candidates showed consistent efficacy and tolerability; although some differences can be noted, such as their technological formulation, temperature storage, which will be related to logistics and costs. Further studies will be necessary to evaluate long‐term effects and to assess the vaccine safety and efficacy in the general population. The rapid development of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines has been possible because in the last 20 years there have been rapid improvements in vaccine development in different scientific areas, such as molecular biology, genetic engineering, nano‐materials and lipid nanotechnology. The first three SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines developed by Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna and the University of Oxford/AstraZeneca are described, in terms of technology, pharmaceutical formulation, safety, efficacy and immunogenicity. The main detectable difference concerns the technological formulation, influencing logistics: two of these are mRNA‐based vaccines encapsulated in LNPs, whereas one is a DNA‐based vaccine encapsulated in viral vector. mRNA‐based vaccines have an advantage over DNA ones, because mRNA is directly translated in the cytoplasm form ribosomes once inside the cell. Technological and scientific advances allowed the encapsulation of mRNA into custom‐designed LNPs that mimic the structural features of a viral vector. Efficacy and safety studies of Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna and the University of Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccines are reported, to report the massive pharmaceutical innovation brought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cattel
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Susanna Giordano
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Traina
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lupia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy
| | - Silvia Corcione
- Department of Medical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Angelone
- General Management, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni La Valle
- General Management, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco G De Rosa
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Cattel
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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41
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Scicchitano P, Milo M, Mallamaci R, De Palo M, Caldarola P, Massari F, Gabrielli D, Colivicchi F, Ciccone MM. Inclisiran in lipid management: A Literature overview and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112227. [PMID: 34563953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary and secondary prevention protocols aim at reducing the plasma levels of lipids - with particular reference to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) plasma concentrations - in order to improve the overall survival and reduce the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events. The use of statins has been widely considered as the first-line approach in lipids management as they can dramatically impact on the cardiovascular risk profile of individuals. The introduction of ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors overcame the adverse effects of statins and ameliorate the achievement of the target lipids levels. Indeed, advances in therapies promote the use of specific molecules - i.e. short strands of RNA named small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) - to suppress the transcription of genes related to lipids metabolism. Recently, the inclisiran has been developed: this is a siRNA able to block the mRNA of the PCSK9 gene. About 50% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels have been observed in randomized controlled trials with inclisiran. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature regarding inclisiran and its possible role in the general management of patients with lipid disorders and/or in primary/secondary prevention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Milo
- Cardiology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mallamaci
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University Aldo Moro Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Micaela De Palo
- Cardiac Surgery Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Domenico Gabrielli
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiotoracovascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- Cardiology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
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42
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Dobrowolski C, Paunovska K, Hatit MZC, Lokugamage MP, Dahlman JE. Therapeutic RNA Delivery for COVID and Other Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002022. [PMID: 33661555 PMCID: PMC7995096 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA can alter the expression of endogenous genes and can be used to express therapeutic proteins. As a result, RNA-based therapies have recently mitigated disease in patients. Yet most potential RNA therapies cannot currently be developed, in large part because delivering therapeutic quantities of RNA drugs to diseased cells remains difficult. Here, recent studies focused on the biological hurdles that make in vivo drug delivery challenging are described. Then RNA drugs that have overcome these challenges in humans, focusing on siRNA to treat liver disease and mRNA to vaccinate against COVID, are discussed. Finally, research centered on improving drug delivery to new tissues is highlighted, including the development of high-throughput in vivo nanoparticle DNA barcoding assays capable of testing over 100 distinct nanoparticles in a single animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Dobrowolski
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Kalina Paunovska
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Marine Z. C. Hatit
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Melissa P. Lokugamage
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - James E. Dahlman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA30332USA
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43
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Hassett KJ, Higgins J, Woods A, Levy B, Xia Y, Hsiao CJ, Acosta E, Almarsson Ö, Moore MJ, Brito LA. Impact of lipid nanoparticle size on mRNA vaccine immunogenicity. J Control Release 2021; 335:237-246. [PMID: 34019945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) are effective delivery vehicles for messenger RNA (mRNA) and have shown promise for vaccine applications. Yet there are no published reports detailing how LNP biophysical properties can impact vaccine performance. In our hands, a retrospective analysis of mRNA LNP vaccine in vivo studies revealed a relationship between LNP particle size and immunogenicity in mice using LNPs of various compositions. To further investigate this, we designed a series of studies to systematically change LNP particle size without altering lipid composition and evaluated biophysical properties and immunogenicity of the resulting LNPs. While small diameter LNPs were substantially less immunogenic in mice, all particle sizes tested yielded a robust immune response in non-human primates (NHP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Hassett
- Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Jaclyn Higgins
- Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Angela Woods
- Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Becca Levy
- Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Yan Xia
- Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Chiaowen Joyce Hsiao
- Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Edward Acosta
- Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Örn Almarsson
- Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Melissa J Moore
- Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Luis A Brito
- Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America.
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44
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Shi L, Zhang J, Zhao M, Tang S, Cheng X, Zhang W, Li W, Liu X, Peng H, Wang Q. Effects of polyethylene glycol on the surface of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10748-10764. [PMID: 34132312 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of drug nanocarriers has benefited from the surface hydrophilic polymers of particles, which has improved the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a kind of polymeric material with unique hydrophilicity and electrical neutrality. PEG coating is a crucial factor to improve the biophysical and chemical properties of nanoparticles and is widely studied. Protein adherence and macrophage removal are effectively relieved due to the existence of PEG on the particles. This review discusses the PEGylation methods of nanoparticles and related techniques that have been used to detect the PEG coverage density and thickness on the surface of the nanoparticles in recent years. The molecular weight (MW) and coverage density of the PEG coating on the surface of nanoparticles are then described to explain the effects on the biophysical and chemical properties of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, 1 Xinyang Rd., Daqing 163319, China.
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45
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Kulkarni JA, Chen S, Tam YYC. Scalable Production of Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Amphotericin B. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7312-7319. [PMID: 34101472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations have been developed to improve stability profiles, tolerability, and toxicity profiles of small molecule drugs. However, manufacture of such formulations involving lipophilic compounds can be labor-intensive and difficult to scale because of solubility and solvent compatibility issues. We have developed a rapid and scalable approach using rapid-mixing techniques to generate homogeneous lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of siRNA, triglycerides, and hydrophilic weak-base drugs. Here, we used this approach to entrap a hydrophobic small molecule, Amphotericin B (AmpB), a hydrophobic drug not soluble in ethanol. The three prototypes presented in this study were derived from LNP-siRNA systems, triglyceride nanoparticles, and liposomal systems. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) revealed that all three LNP-AmpB formulations retain structural characteristics of the parent (AmpB-free) LNPs, with particles remaining stable for at least 1 month. All formulations showed similar in vitro toxicity profiles in comparison to AmBisome. Importantly, the formulations have a 2.5-fold improved IC50 for fungal growth inhibition as compared to AmBisome in in vitro efficacy studies. These results demonstrate that the rapid-mixing technology combined with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for drugs insoluble in other organic solvents can be a powerful manufacturing method for the generation of stable LNP drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh A Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoVation Therapeutics, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Sam Chen
- Integrated Nanotherapeutics Inc., 205-4475 Wayburne Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4X4, Canada
| | - Yuen Yi C Tam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Integrated Nanotherapeutics Inc., 205-4475 Wayburne Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4X4, Canada
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46
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Zhou Y, Teng P, Montgomery NT, Li X, Tang W. Development of Triantennary N-Acetylgalactosamine Conjugates as Degraders for Extracellular Proteins. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:499-506. [PMID: 33791431 PMCID: PMC8006166 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) technology has drawn significant attention from researchers in both academia and industry. It is rapidly evolved as a new therapeutic modality and also a useful chemical tool in selectively depleting various protein targets. As most efforts focus on cytosolic proteins using PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC), LYsosome TArgeting Chimera (LYTAC) recently emerged as a promising technology to deliver extracellular protein targets to lysosome for degradation through the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR). In this study, we exploited the potential of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), a lysosomal targeting receptor specifically expressed on liver cells, for the degradation of extracellular proteins including membrane proteins. The ligand of ASGPR, triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (tri-GalNAc), was conjugated to biotin, antibodies, or fragments of antibodies to generate a new class of degraders. We demonstrated that the extracellular protein targets could be successfully internalized and delivered into lysosome for degradation in liver cell lines specifically by these degraders. This work will add a new dimension to TPD with cell type specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhou
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 56305, United States
| | - Peng Teng
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 56305, United States
| | - Nathan T. Montgomery
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 56305, United States
| | - Xiaolei Li
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 56305, United States
| | - Weiping Tang
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 56305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 56306, United States
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47
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Henrickson A, Kulkarni JA, Zaifman J, Gorbet GE, Cullis PR, Demeler B. Density Matching Multi-wavelength Analytical Ultracentrifugation to Measure Drug Loading of Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5068-5076. [PMID: 33617224 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous work suggested that lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations, encapsulating nucleic acids, display electron-dense morphology when examined by cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Critically, the employed cryo-TEM method cannot differentiate between loaded and empty LNP formulations. Clinically relevant formulations contain high lipid-to-nucleic acid ratios (10-25 (w/w)), and for systems that contain mRNA or DNA, it is anticipated that a substantial fraction of the LNP population does not contain a payload. Here, we present a method based on the global analysis of multi-wavelength sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation, using density matching with heavy water, that not only measures the standard sedimentation and diffusion coefficient distributions of LNP mixtures, but also reports the corresponding partial specific volume distributions and optically separates signal contributions from nucleic acid cargo and lipid shell. This makes it possible to reliably predict molar mass and anisotropy distributions, in particular, for systems that are heterogeneous in partial specific volume and have low to intermediate densities. Our method makes it possible to unambiguously measure the density of nanoparticles and is motivated by the need to characterize the extent to which lipid nanoparticles are loaded with nucleic acid cargoes. Since the densities of nucleic acids and lipids substantially differ, the measured density is directly proportional to the loading of nanoparticles. Hence, different loading levels will produce particles with variable density and partial specific volume. An UltraScan software module was developed to implement this approach for routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Henrickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Jayesh A Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Josh Zaifman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | | | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
- AUC Solutions, Houston, Texas 77494, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
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48
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Kim J, Eygeris Y, Gupta M, Sahay G. Self-assembled mRNA vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:83-112. [PMID: 33400957 PMCID: PMC7837307 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have evolved from being a mere curiosity to emerging as COVID-19 vaccine front-runners. Recent advancements in the field of RNA technology, vaccinology, and nanotechnology have generated interest in delivering safe and effective mRNA therapeutics. In this review, we discuss design and self-assembly of mRNA vaccines. Self-assembly, a spontaneous organization of individual molecules, allows for design of nanoparticles with customizable properties. We highlight the materials commonly utilized to deliver mRNA, their physicochemical characteristics, and other relevant considerations, such as mRNA optimization, routes of administration, cellular fate, and immune activation, that are important for successful mRNA vaccination. We also examine the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines currently in clinical trials. mRNA vaccines are ready for the clinic, showing tremendous promise in the COVID-19 vaccine race, and have pushed the boundaries of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Robertson Life Science Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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49
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Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of RNAi therapeutics: Opportunities and challenges. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 189:114468. [PMID: 33577889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a powerful tool with many demonstrated applications in various phases of drug development and regulatory review. RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics are a class of drugs that have unique pharmacokinetic properties and mechanisms of action. With an increasing number of RNAi therapeutics in the pipeline and reaching the market, there is a considerable amount of active research in this area requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The application of PBPK models for RNAi therapeutics is in its infancy and its utility to facilitate the development of this new class of drugs is yet to be fully evaluated. From this perspective, we briefly discuss some of the current computational modeling approaches used in support of efficient development and approval of RNAi therapeutics. Considerations for PBPK model development are highlighted both in a relative context between small molecules and large molecules such as monoclonal antibodies and as it applies to RNAi therapeutics. In addition, the prospects for drawing upon other recognized avenues of PBPK modeling and some of the foreseeable challenges in PBPK model development for these chemical modalities are briefly discussed. Finally, an exploration of the potential application of PBPK model development for RNAi therapeutics is provided. We hope these preliminary thoughts will help initiate a dialogue between scientists in the relevant sectors to examine the value of PBPK modeling for RNAi therapeutics. Such evaluations could help standardize the practice in the future and support appropriate guidance development for strengthening the RNAi therapeutics development program.
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50
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Terada T, Kulkarni JA, Huynh A, Chen S, van der Meel R, Tam YYC, Cullis PR. Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Ionizable Cationic Lipids Using Design-of-Experiments Approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1120-1128. [PMID: 33439022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing short-interfering RNA (LNP-siRNA systems) are a promising approach for silencing disease-causing genes in hepatocytes following intravenous administration. LNP-siRNA systems are generated by rapid mixing of lipids in ethanol with siRNA in aqueous buffer (pH 4.0) where the ionizable lipid is positively charged, followed by dialysis to remove ethanol and to raise the pH to 7.4. Ionizable cationic lipids are the critical excipient in LNP systems as they drive entrapment and intracellular delivery. A recent study on the formation of LNP-siRNA systems suggested that ionizable cationic lipids segregate from other lipid components upon charge neutralization to form an amorphous oil droplet in the core of LNPs. This leads to a decrease in intervesicle electrostatic repulsion, thereby engendering fusion of small vesicles to form final LNPs of increased size. In this study, we prepared LNP-siRNA systems containing four lipid components (hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, PEG-lipid, and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-dimethylammonium propane) by microfluidic mixing. The effects of preparation parameters [lipid concentration, flow rate ratio (FRR), and total flow rate], dialysis process, and complex formation between siRNA and ionizable cationic lipids on the physicochemical properties [siRNA entrapment on the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI)] were investigated using a design of experiments approach. The results for the preparation parameters showed no impact on siRNA encapsulation, but lipid concentration and FRR significantly affected the particle size and PDI. In addition, the effect of FRR on the particle size was suppressed in the presence of anionic polymers such as siRNA as compared to the case of LNPs alone. More intriguingly, unlike empty LNPs, a decrease in the PDI and an increase in the particle size occurred after dialysis in the LNP-siRNA systems. Such changes by dialysis were suppressed at FRR = 1. These findings provide useful information to guide the development and manufacturing conditions for LNP-siRNA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Terada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jayesh A Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ariel Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sam Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Roy van der Meel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yuen Yi C Tam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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