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Ito T, Tamashiro S, Okuda H, Yamazoe E, Tahara K. Cryomilled electrospun nanofiber mats containing d-mannitol exhibit suitable for aerosol delivery of proteins. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124425. [PMID: 38971509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are the first choice for inhalation drug development. However, some conventional DPI formulation processes require heating, which may damage high molecular weight drugs such as proteins and nucleic acids. In this study, we propose a novel DPI preparation process that avoids the use of heat. Dry powders were prepared by cryomilling nanofiber mats composed of polyvinyl alcohol, D(-)-mannitol (Man), and α-chymotrypsin (α-Chy) as the model drug using the electrospinning method. The addition of Man conferred high dispersibility and excellent in vitro aerosol performance to the nanofiber mat powder in a very short milling time (less than 0.5 min) as assessed using the Andersen cascade impactor. Powders were classified according to the degree of friability, and among these, nanofiber mats containing 15 % Man and milled for 0.25 min exhibited the highest aerosol performance. Nanofiber mats containing Man milled for less than 0.5 min also exhibited greater α-Chy enzymatic activity than a nebulized α-Chy solution. Furthermore, single inhalation induced no significant lung tissue damage as evidenced by lactate dehydrogenase activity assays of mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. This novel DPI formulation process may facilitate the safe and efficient inhalational delivery of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Ito
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Shintaro Tamashiro
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okuda
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Eriko Yamazoe
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kohei Tahara
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
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2
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Song J, Tas RP, Martens MCM, Ritten MVM, Wu H, Jones ER, Lebouille JGJL, Vis M, Voets IK, Tuinier R. Freezing-mediated formation of supraproteins using depletion forces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:622-633. [PMID: 38552579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Hypothesis Long-acting formulations such as microparticles, injectable depots and implantable devices can realize spatiotemporally controlled delivery of protein drugs to extend their therapeutic in vivo half-lives. To efficiently encapsulate the protein drugs into such drug delivery systems, (sub)micron-sized protein particles are needed. The formation of micronized supraproteins can be induced through the synergistic combination of attractive depletion forces and freezing. The size of the supraproteins can be fine-tuned from submicron to several microns by adjusting the ice crystallization rate through the freeze-quench depth, which is set by the target temperature. Methods Supraprotein micron structures were prepared from protein solutions under various conditions in the presence and absence of nonadsorbing polyethylene glycol. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering were employed to determine the sizes of the supraproteins and real-time total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy was used to follow the supraprotein formation during freezing. The protein secondary structure was measured before and after micronization by circular dichroism. A phase diagram of a protein-polyethylene glycol mixture was theoretically predicted to investigate whether the depletion interaction can elucidate the phase behavior. Findings Micronized protein supraparticles could be prepared in a controlled manner by rapid freeze-drying of aqueous mixtures of bovine serum albumin, horseradish peroxidase and lysozyme mixed with polyethylene glycol. Upon freezing, the temperature quench initiates a phase separation process which is reminiscent of spinodal decomposition. This demixing is subsequently arrested during droplet phase separation to form protein-rich microstructures. The final size of the generated protein microparticles is determined by a competition between phase separation and cooling rate, which can be controlled by target temperature. The experimental phase diagram of the aqueous protein-polyethylene glycol dispersion aligns with predictions from depletion theory for charged colloids and nonadsorbing polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Song
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Roderick P Tas
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Self-organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Max C M Martens
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Manon V M Ritten
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hanglong Wu
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Bio-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mark Vis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja K Voets
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Self-organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Tuinier
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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3
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Nicze M, Borówka M, Dec A, Niemiec A, Bułdak Ł, Okopień B. The Current and Promising Oral Delivery Methods for Protein- and Peptide-Based Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:815. [PMID: 38255888 PMCID: PMC10815890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Drugs based on peptides and proteins (PPs) have been widely used in medicine, beginning with insulin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus over a century ago. Although the oral route of drug administration is the preferred one by the vast majority of patients and improves compliance, medications of this kind due to their specific chemical structure are typically delivered parenterally, which ensures optimal bioavailability. In order to overcome issues connected with oral absorption of PPs such as their instability depending on digestive enzymes and pH changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) system on the one hand, but also their limited permeability across physiological barriers (mucus and epithelium) on the other hand, scientists have been strenuously searching for novel delivery methods enabling peptide and protein drugs (PPDs) to be administered enterally. These include utilization of different nanoparticles, transport channels, substances enhancing permeation, chemical modifications, hydrogels, microneedles, microemulsion, proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, and cell-penetrating peptides, all of which are extensively discussed in this review. Furthermore, this article highlights oral PP therapeutics both previously used in therapy and currently available on the medical market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Nicze
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland (B.O.)
| | | | | | | | - Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland (B.O.)
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Schlosser CS, Williams GR, Dziemidowicz K. Advanced Formulation Approaches for Proteins. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:69-91. [PMID: 37059912 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides are highly desirable as therapeutic agents, being highly potent and specific. However, there are myriad challenges with processing them into patient-friendly formulations: they are often unstable and have a tendency to aggregate or degrade upon storage. As a result, the vast majority of protein actives are delivered parenterally as solutions, which has a number of disadvantages in terms of cost, accessibility, and patient experience. Much work has been undertaken to develop new delivery systems for biologics, but to date this has led to relatively few products on the market. In this chapter, we review the challenges faced when developing biologic formulations, discuss the technologies that have been explored to try to overcome these, and consider the different delivery routes that can be applied. We further present an overview of the currently marketed products and assess the likely direction of travel in the next decade.
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5
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Harun-Ur-Rashid M, Jahan I, Foyez T, Imran AB. Bio-Inspired Nanomaterials for Micro/Nanodevices: A New Era in Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1786. [PMID: 37763949 PMCID: PMC10536921 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Exploring bio-inspired nanomaterials (BINMs) and incorporating them into micro/nanodevices represent a significant development in biomedical applications. Nanomaterials, engineered to imitate biological structures and processes, exhibit distinctive attributes such as exceptional biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and unparalleled versatility. The utilization of BINMs demonstrates significant potential in diverse domains of biomedical micro/nanodevices, encompassing biosensors, targeted drug delivery systems, and advanced tissue engineering constructs. This article thoroughly examines the development and distinctive attributes of various BINMs, including those originating from proteins, DNA, and biomimetic polymers. Significant attention is directed toward incorporating these entities into micro/nanodevices and the subsequent biomedical ramifications that arise. This review explores biomimicry's structure-function correlations. Synthesis mosaics include bioprocesses, biomolecules, and natural structures. These nanomaterials' interfaces use biomimetic functionalization and geometric adaptations, transforming drug delivery, nanobiosensing, bio-inspired organ-on-chip systems, cancer-on-chip models, wound healing dressing mats, and antimicrobial surfaces. It provides an in-depth analysis of the existing challenges and proposes prospective strategies to improve the efficiency, performance, and reliability of these devices. Furthermore, this study offers a forward-thinking viewpoint highlighting potential avenues for future exploration and advancement. The objective is to effectively utilize and maximize the application of BINMs in the progression of biomedical micro/nanodevices, thereby propelling this rapidly developing field toward its promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Tahmina Foyez
- Department of Pharmacy, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Abu Bin Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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6
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Steyn LV, Drew D, Vlachos D, Huey B, Cocchi K, Price ND, Johnson R, Putnam CW, Papas KK. Accelerated absorption of regular insulin administered via a vascularizing permeable microchamber implanted subcutaneously in diabetic Rattus norvegicus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278794. [PMID: 37384782 PMCID: PMC10310011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Type 1 diabetes patients, even ultra-rapid acting insulins injected subcutaneously reach peak concentrations in 45 minutes or longer. The lag time between dosing and peak concentration, as well as intra- and inter-subject variability, render prandial glucose control and dose consistency difficult. We postulated that insulin absorption from subcutaneously implantable vascularizing microchambers would be significantly faster than conventional subcutaneous injection. Male athymic nude R. norvegicus rendered diabetic with streptozotocin were implanted with vascularizing microchambers (single chamber; 1.5 cm2 surface area per side; nominal volume, 22.5 μl). Plasma insulin was assayed after a single dose (1.5 U/kg) of diluted insulin human (Humulin®R U-100), injected subcutaneously or via microchamber. Microchambers were also implanted in additional animals and retrieved at intervals for histologic assessment of vascularity. Following conventional subcutaneous injection, the mean peak insulin concentration was 22.7 (SD 14.2) minutes. By contrast, when identical doses of insulin were injected via subcutaneous microchamber 28 days after implantation, the mean peak insulin time was shortened to 7.50 (SD 4.52) minutes. Peak insulin concentrations were similar by either route; however, inter-subject variability was reduced when insulin was administered via microchamber. Histologic examination of tissue surrounding microchambers showed mature vascularization on days 21 and 40 post-implantation. Implantable vascularizing microchambers of similar design may prove clinically useful for insulin dosing, either intermittently by needle, or continuously by pump including in "closed loop" systems, such as the artificial pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah V. Steyn
- Institute for Cellular Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Delaney Drew
- Institute for Cellular Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Demetri Vlachos
- Institute for Cellular Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Barry Huey
- Institute for Cellular Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Katie Cocchi
- Institute for Cellular Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Nicholas D. Price
- Institute for Cellular Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Robert Johnson
- Procyon Technologies, LLC., Medical Research Building (Room 121), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Charles W. Putnam
- Institute for Cellular Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Klearchos K. Papas
- Institute for Cellular Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- Procyon Technologies, LLC., Medical Research Building (Room 121), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
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7
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Baryakova TH, Pogostin BH, Langer R, McHugh KJ. Overcoming barriers to patient adherence: the case for developing innovative drug delivery systems. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:387-409. [PMID: 36973491 PMCID: PMC10041531 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Poor medication adherence is a pervasive issue with considerable health and socioeconomic consequences. Although the underlying reasons are generally understood, traditional intervention strategies rooted in patient-centric education and empowerment have proved to be prohibitively complex and/or ineffective. Formulating a pharmaceutical in a drug delivery system (DDS) is a promising alternative that can directly mitigate many common impediments to adherence, including frequent dosing, adverse effects and a delayed onset of action. Existing DDSs have already positively influenced patient acceptability and improved rates of adherence across various disease and intervention types. The next generation of systems have the potential to instate an even more radical paradigm shift by, for example, permitting oral delivery of biomacromolecules, allowing for autonomous dose regulation and enabling several doses to be mimicked with a single administration. Their success, however, is contingent on their ability to address the problems that have made DDSs unsuccessful in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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[100 years of the commercialization of insulin: A race yet to end]. Med Clin (Barc) 2023; 160:268-274. [PMID: 36481116 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Qin L, Cui Z, Wu Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Guan J, Mao S. Challenges and Strategies to Enhance the Systemic Absorption of Inhaled Peptides and Proteins. Pharm Res 2022; 40:1037-1055. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Isabel CZ, Luis AD, Samuel ES, Elizabeth PS, Dea HR, Sergio AA. “Novel mucoadhesive PLGA-PVM/MA micro-nanocomposites loaded with felodipine intended for pulmonary administration by nebulization”. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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Choy C, Lim LY, Chan LW, Cui Z, Mao S, Wong TW. Exploring Intestinal Surface Receptors in Oral Nanoinsulin Delivery. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:962-983. [PMID: 36779351 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous and inhaled insulins are associated with needle phobia, lipohypertrophy, lipodystrophy, and cough in diabetes treatment. Oral nanoinsulin has been developed, reaping the physiologic benefits of peroral administration. This review profiles intestinal receptors exploitable in targeted delivery of oral nanoinsulin. Intestinal receptor targeting improves oral insulin bioavailability and sustains blood glucose-lowering response. Nonetheless, these studies are conducted in small animal models with no optimization of insulin dose, targeting ligand type and content, and physicochemical and molecular biologic characteristics of nanoparticles against the in vivo/clinical diabetes responses as a function of the intestinal receptor population characteristics with diabetes progression. The interactive effects between nanoinsulin and antidiabetic drugs on intestinal receptors, including their up-/downregulation, are uncertain. Sweet taste receptors upregulate SGLT-1, and both have an undefined role as new intestinal targets of nanoinsulin. Receptor targeting of oral nanoinsulin represents a viable approach that is relatively green, requiring an in-depth development of the relationship between receptors and their pathophysiological profiles with physicochemical attributes of the oral nanoinsulin. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Intestinal receptor targeting of oral nanoinsulin improves its bioavailability with sustained blood glucose-lowering response. Exploring new intestinal receptor and tailoring the design of oral nanoinsulin to the pathophysiological state of diabetic patients is imperative to raise the insulin performance to a comparable level as the injection products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlynne Choy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
| | - Lee Yong Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
| | - Lai Wah Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
| | - Zhixiang Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
| | - Shirui Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore (C.C., L.W.C., T.W.W.); Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA, Australia (L.Y.L.); School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China (Z.C., S.M.); Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.); and Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (T.W.W.)
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12
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Hebbink GA, Jaspers M, Peters HJW, Dickhoff BHJ. Recent developments in lactose blend formulations for carrier-based dry powder inhalation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114527. [PMID: 36070848 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lactose is the most commonly used excipient in carrier-based dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulations. Numerous inhalation therapies have been developed using lactose as a carrier material. Several theories have described the role of carriers in DPI formulations. Although these theories are valuable, each DPI formulation is unique and are not described by any single theory. For each new formulation, a specific development trajectory is required, and the versatility of lactose can be exploited to optimize each formulation. In this review, recent developments in lactose-based DPI formulations are discussed. The effects of varying the material properties of lactose carrier particles, such as particle size, shape, and morphology are reviewed. Owing to the complex interactions between the particles in a formulation, processing adhesive mixtures of lactose with the active ingredient is crucial. Therefore, blending and filling processes for DPI formulations are also reviewed. While the role of ternary agents, such as magnesium stearate, has increased, lactose remains the excipient of choice in carrier-based DPI formulations. Therefore, new developments in lactose-based DPI formulations are crucial in the optimization of inhalable medicine performance.
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Chavda VP, Ajabiya J, Teli D, Bojarska J, Apostolopoulos V. Tirzepatide, a New Era of Dual-Targeted Treatment for Diabetes and Obesity: A Mini-Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134315. [PMID: 35807558 PMCID: PMC9268041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is an increasing global problem, especially in developed countries, and is referred to as the twin epidemics. As such, advanced treatment approaches are needed. Tirzepatide, known as a ‘twincretin’, is a ‘first-in-class’ and the only dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptor agonist, that can significantly reduce glycemic levels and improve insulin sensitivity, as well as reducing body weight by more than 20% and improving lipid metabolism. This novel anti-diabetic drug is a synthetic peptide analog of the human GIP hormone with a C20 fatty-diacid portion attached which, via acylation technology, can bind to albumin in order to provide a dose of the drug, by means of subcutaneous injection, once a week, which is appropriate to its a half-life of about five days. Tirzepatide, developed by Eli Lilly, was approved, under the brand name Mounjaro, by the United States Food and Drug Administration in May 2022. This started the ‘twincretin’ era of enormously important and appealing dual therapeutic options for diabetes and obesity, as well as advanced management of closely related cardiometabolic settings, which constitute the leading cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. Herein, we present the key characteristics of tirzepatide in terms of synthesis, structure, and activity, bearing in mind its advantages and shortcomings. Furthermore, we briefly trace the evolution of this kind of medical agent and discuss the development of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (J.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Jinal Ajabiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics Analysis and Quality Assurance, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India;
| | - Divya Teli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India;
| | - Joanna Bojarska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (J.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Immunology Program, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (J.B.); (V.A.)
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14
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A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of Insulin Development and Its Delivery Method. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071406. [PMID: 35890301 PMCID: PMC9320488 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the momentous discovery of insulin. Through years of research and discovery, insulin has evolved from poorly defined crude extracts of animal pancreas to recombinant human insulin and analogues that can be prescribed and administered with high accuracy and efficacy. However, there are still many challenges ahead in clinical settings, particularly with respect to maintaining optimal glycemic control whilst minimizing the treatment-related side effects of hypoglycemia and weight gain. In this review, the chronology of the development of rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting insulin analogues, as well as mixtures and concentrated formulations that offer the potential to meet this challenge, are summarized. In addition, we also summarize the latest advancements in insulin delivery methods, along with advancement to clinical trials. This review provides insights on the development of insulin treatment for diabetes mellitus that may be useful for clinicians in meeting the needs of their individual patients. However, it is important to note that as of now, none of the new technologies mentioned have superseded the existing method of subcutaneous administration of insulin.
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15
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Adhikari BR, Dummer J, Gordon KC, Das SC. An expert opinion on respiratory delivery of high dose powders for lung infections. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:795-813. [PMID: 35695722 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2089111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High dose powder inhalation is evolving as an important approach to to treat lung infections. It is important to its identify applications, consider the factors affecting high dose powder delivery, and assess the effect of high dose drugs in patients. AREA COVERED Both current and pipeline high dose inhalers and their applications have been summarized. Challenges and opportunities to high dose delivery have been highlighted after reviewing formulation techniques in the context of factors affecting aerosolization, devices, and patient factors. EXPERT OPINION High dose inhaled delivery of antimicrobials is an innovative way to increase treatment efficacy of respiratory infections, tackle drug resistance, and the scarcity of new antimicrobials. The high dose inhaled technology also has potential for systemic action; however, innovations in formulation strategies and devices are required to realize its full potential. Advances in formulation strategies include the use of excipients or the engineering of particles to decrease the cohesive property of microparticles and their packing density. Similarly, selection of a synergistic drug instead of an excipient can be considered to increase aerosolization and stability. Device development focused on improving dispersion and loading capacity is also important, and modification of existing devices for high dose delivery can also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Dummer
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shyamal C Das
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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16
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The history, current state and perspectives of aerosol therapy. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:225-243. [PMID: 36651510 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nebulization is a very effective method of drug administration. This technique has been popular since ancient times when inhalation of plants rich in tropane alkaloids with spasmolytic and analgesic effects was widely used. Undoubtedly, the invention of anasthesia in the 19th century had an influence on the development of this technique. It resulted in the search for devices that facilitated anasthesia such as pulveriser or hydronium. From the second half of the 21st century, when the first DPI and MDI inhalers were launched, the constant development of aerosol therapy has been noticed. This is due to the fact that nebulization, compared with other means of medicinal substance application (such as oral and intravenous routes of administration), is safer and it exhibits a positive dose/efficacy ratio connected to the reduction of the dose. It enables drugs administration through the lung and possesses very fast onset action. Therefore, various drugs prescribed in respiratory diseases (such as corticosteroids, β-agonists, anticholinergics) are present on the market in a form of an aerosol.
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17
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Babenko M, Alany RG, Calabrese G, Kaialy W, ElShaer A. Development of drug alone and carrier-based GLP-1 dry powder inhaler formulations. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121601. [PMID: 35181460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop two types of dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations containing glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide (GLP-1): carrier-free (drug alone, no excipients) and carrier-based DPI formulations for pulmonary delivery of GLP-1. This is the first study focusing on the development of excipient free GLP-1 DPI formulations for inhaled therapy in Type 2 diabetes. The aerosolisation performance of both DPI formulations was studied using a next generation impactor and a DPI device (Handihaler®) at flow rate of 30 L min-1. Carriers employed were either a 10% w/w glycine-mannitol prepared by spray freeze drying or commercial mannitol. Spray freeze dried (SFD) carrier was spherical and porous whereas commercial mannitol carrier exhibited elongated particles (non-porous). GLP-1 powder without excipients for inhalation was prepared using spray drying and characterised for morphology including size, thermal behaviour, and moisture content. Spray dried (SD) GLP-1 powders showed indented/dimpled particles in the particle size range of 1 to 5 µm (also mass median aerodynamic diameter, MMAD: <5 µm) suitable for pulmonary delivery. Across formulations investigated, carrier-free DPI formulation showed the highest fine particle fraction (FPF: 90.73% ± 1.76%, mean ± standard deviation) and the smallest MMAD (1.96 µm ± 0.07 µm), however, low GLP-1 delivered dose (32.88% ± 7.00%, total GLP-1 deposition on throat and all impactor stages). GLP-1 delivered dose was improved by the addition of SFD 10% glycine-mannitol carrier to the DPI formulation (32.88% ± 7.00% -> 45.92% ± 5.84%). The results suggest that engineered carrier-based DPI formulations could be a feasible approach to enhance the delivery efficiency of GLP-1. The feasibility of systemic pulmonary delivery of SD GLP-1 for Type 2 diabetes therapy can be further investigated in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Babenko
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE
| | - Raid G Alany
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE; School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gianpiero Calabrese
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE
| | - Waseem Kaialy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universiy of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY
| | - Amr ElShaer
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE.
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18
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Ye Y, Ma Y, Zhu J. The future of dry powder inhaled therapy: Promising or Discouraging for systemic disorders? Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121457. [PMID: 35026316 PMCID: PMC8744475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalation therapy has been shown to be an effective method for treating respiratory diseases like asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases and Cystic Fibrosis. It has also been widely accepted and used in clinical practices. Such success has led to great interest in inhaled therapy on treating systemic diseases in the past two decades. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic also has increased such interest and is triggering more potential applications of dry powder inhalation therapy in vaccines and antivirus drugs. Would the inhaled dry powder therapy on systemic disorders be as encouraging as expected? This paper reviews the marketed and in-development dry powder inhaler (DPI) products on the treatment of systemic diseases, their status in clinical trials, as well as the potential for COVID-19 treatment. The advancements and unmet problems on DPI systems are also summarized. With countless attempts behind and more challenges ahead, it is believed that the dry powder inhaled therapy for the treatment of systemic disorders still holds great potential and promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ye
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada; Ningbo Inhale Pharma, 2260 Yongjiang Avenue, Ningbo National High-Tech Zone, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Ying Ma
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada; Ningbo Inhale Pharma, 2260 Yongjiang Avenue, Ningbo National High-Tech Zone, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Jesse Zhu
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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19
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The evolution of commercial drug delivery technologies. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:951-967. [PMID: 33795852 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery technologies have enabled the development of many pharmaceutical products that improve patient health by enhancing the delivery of a therapeutic to its target site, minimizing off-target accumulation and facilitating patient compliance. As therapeutic modalities expanded beyond small molecules to include nucleic acids, peptides, proteins and antibodies, drug delivery technologies were adapted to address the challenges that emerged. In this Review Article, we discuss seminal approaches that led to the development of successful therapeutic products involving small molecules and macromolecules, identify three drug delivery paradigms that form the basis of contemporary drug delivery and discuss how they have aided the initial clinical successes of each class of therapeutic. We also outline how the paradigms will contribute to the delivery of live-cell therapies.
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20
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Sims EK, Carr ALJ, Oram RA, DiMeglio LA, Evans-Molina C. 100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy. Nat Med 2021; 27:1154-1164. [PMID: 34267380 PMCID: PMC8802620 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The year 2021 marks the centennial of Banting and Best's landmark description of the discovery of insulin. This discovery and insulin's rapid clinical deployment effectively transformed type 1 diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. In this Review, we describe key accomplishments leading to and building on this momentous occasion in medical history, including advancements in our understanding of the role of insulin in diabetes pathophysiology, the molecular characterization of insulin and the clinical use of insulin. Achievements are also viewed through the lens of patients impacted by insulin therapy and the evolution of insulin pharmacokinetics and delivery over the past 100 years. Finally, we reflect on the future of insulin therapy and diabetes treatment, as well as challenges to be addressed moving forward, so that the full potential of this transformative discovery may be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- The Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- The Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alice L J Carr
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- The Academic Kidney Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Linda A DiMeglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- The Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- The Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- The Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- The Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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21
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Cun D, Zhang C, Bera H, Yang M. Particle engineering principles and technologies for pharmaceutical biologics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:140-167. [PMID: 33845039 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global market of pharmaceutical biologics has expanded significantly during the last few decades. Currently, pharmaceutical biologic products constitute an indispensable part of the modern medicines. Most pharmaceutical biologic products are injections either in the forms of solutions or lyophilized powders because of their low oral bioavailability. There are certain pharmaceutical biologic entities formulated into particulate delivery systems for the administration via non-invasive routes or to achieve prolonged pharmaceutical actions to reduce the frequency of injections. It has been well documented that the design of nano- and microparticles via various particle engineering technologies could render pharmaceutical biologics with certain benefits including improved stability, enhanced intracellular uptake, prolonged pharmacological effect, enhanced bioavailability, reduced side effects, and improved patient compliance. Herein, we review the principles of the particle engineering technologies based on bottom-up approach and present the important formulation and process parameters that influence the critical quality attributes with some mathematical models. Subsequently, various nano- and microparticle engineering technologies used to formulate or process pharmaceutical biologic entities are reviewed. Lastly, an array of commercialized products of pharmaceutical biologics accomplished based on various particle engineering technologies are presented and the challenges in the development of particulate delivery systems for pharmaceutical biologics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hriday Bera
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Abstract
Spray drying is a versatile technology that has been applied widely in the chemical, food, and, most recently, pharmaceutical industries. This review focuses on engineering advances and the most significant applications of spray drying for pharmaceuticals. An in-depth view of the process and its use is provided for amorphous solid dispersions, a major, growing drug-delivery approach. Enhanced understanding of the relationship of spray-drying process parameters to final product quality attributes has made robust product development possible to address a wide range of pharmaceutical problem statements. Formulation and process optimization have leveraged the knowledge gained as the technology has matured, enabling improved process development from early feasibility screening through commercial applications. Spray drying's use for approved small-molecule oral products is highlighted, as are emerging applications specific to delivery of biologics and non-oral delivery of dry powders. Based on the changing landscape of the industry, significant future opportunities exist for pharmaceutical spray drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Baumann
- Small Molecules, Lonza Pharma & Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97701, USA; , ,
| | - Molly S Adam
- Small Molecules, Lonza Pharma & Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97701, USA; , ,
| | - Joel D Wood
- Small Molecules, Lonza Pharma & Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97701, USA; , ,
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23
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Novel formulations and drug delivery systems to administer biological solids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:183-210. [PMID: 33705873 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in formulation sciences have expanded the previously limited design space for biological modalities, including peptide, protein, and vaccine products. At the same time, the discovery and application of new modalities, such as cellular therapies and gene therapies, have presented formidable challenges to formulation scientists. We explore these challenges and highlight the opportunities to overcome them through the development of novel formulations and drug delivery systems as biological solids. We review the current progress in both industry and academic laboratories, and we provide expert perspectives in those settings. Formulation scientists have made a tremendous effort to accommodate the needs of these novel delivery routes. These include stability-preserving formulations and dehydration processes as well as dosing regimes and dosage forms that improve patient compliance.
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24
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Surface modification strategies for high-dose dry powder inhalers. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Liang W, Pan HW, Vllasaliu D, Lam JKW. Pulmonary Delivery of Biological Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1025. [PMID: 33114726 PMCID: PMC7693150 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, biological drugs have rapidly proliferated and have now become an important therapeutic modality. This is because of their high potency, high specificity and desirable safety profile. The majority of biological drugs are peptide- and protein-based therapeutics with poor oral bioavailability. They are normally administered by parenteral injection (with a very few exceptions). Pulmonary delivery is an attractive non-invasive alternative route of administration for local and systemic delivery of biologics with immense potential to treat various diseases, including diabetes, cystic fibrosis, respiratory viral infection and asthma, etc. The massive surface area and extensive vascularisation in the lungs enable rapid absorption and fast onset of action. Despite the benefits of pulmonary delivery, development of inhalable biological drug is a challenging task. There are various anatomical, physiological and immunological barriers that affect the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled formulations. This review assesses the characteristics of biological drugs and the barriers to pulmonary drug delivery. The main challenges in the formulation and inhalation devices are discussed, together with the possible strategies that can be applied to address these challenges. Current clinical developments in inhaled biological drugs for both local and systemic applications are also discussed to provide an insight for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| | - Harry W. Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Jenny K. W. Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
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26
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Technosphere Insulin-Induced Pulmonary Infiltrate. Am J Ther 2020; 28:e724-e726. [PMID: 32149752 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Dynamic Rule-Based Algorithm to Tune Insulin-on-Board Constraints for a Hybrid Artificial Pancreas System. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2020; 2020:1414597. [PMID: 32399164 PMCID: PMC7201789 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1414597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The artificial pancreas (AP) is a system intended to control blood glucose levels through automated insulin infusion, reducing the burden of subjects with type 1 diabetes to manage their condition. To increase patients' safety, some systems limit the allowed amount of insulin active in the body, known as insulin-on-board (IOB). The safety auxiliary feedback element (SAFE) layer has been designed previously to avoid overreaction of the controller and thus avoiding hypoglycemia. In this work, a new method, so-called “dynamic rule-based algorithm,” is presented in order to adjust the limits of IOB in real time. The algorithm is an extension of a previously designed method which aimed to adjust the limits of IOB for a meal with 60 grams of carbohydrates (CHO). The proposed method is intended to be applied on hybrid AP systems during 24 h operation. It has been designed by combining two different strategies to set IOB limits for different situations: (1) fasting periods and (2) postprandial periods, regardless of the size of the meal. The UVa/Padova simulator is considered to assess the performance of the method, considering challenging scenarios. In silico results showed that the method is able to reduce the time spent in hypoglycemic range, improving patients' safety, which reveals the feasibility of the approach to be included in different control algorithms.
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28
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Nadendla K, Sarode BR, Friedman SH. Hydrophobic Tags for Highly Efficient Light-Activated Protein Release. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2922-2928. [PMID: 31117739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have previously described the photoactivated depot (PAD) approach for the light-stimulated release of therapeutic proteins such as insulin. The aim of this method is to release insulin from a shallow dermal depot in response to blood glucose information, using transcutaneous irradiation. Our first approach utilized a photocleavable group that linked insulin to an insoluble but injectable polymer bead. The bead conferred insolubility, ensuring that the injected material stayed at the site of injection, until light cleaved the link, and allowed insulin to be absorbed systemically. While this proved to be effective, the use of a polymer to ensure insolubility introduces two major design problems: (1) low concentration of insulin, as a majority of the material is composed of polymer, and (2) upon release of the insulin, the polymer has to be cleared from the system. To address these two problems, in this work, we have pursued "hydrophobic tags", photocleavable small nonpolar molecules that confer insolubility to the modified insulin prior to irradiation without the bulk or need for biodegradation required of polymers. We developed a combined solid- and solution-phase synthetic approach that allowed us to incorporate a range of small nonpolar moieties, including peptides, into the final depot materials. The resulting materials are >90% w/w insulin and have sharply decreased solubilities relative to unmodified insulin (≤1000 × lower). We demonstrated that they can be milled into low micron-sized particles that can be readily injected through a 31G needle. These suspensions can be prepared at an effective concentration of 20 mM insulin, a concentration at which 120 μL contains 7 days of insulin for a typical adult. Finally, upon photolysis, the insoluble particles release soluble, native insulin in a predictable fashion. These combined properties make these new modified insulins nearly ideal as candidates for PAD materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nadendla
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
| | - Bhagyesh R Sarode
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
| | - Simon H Friedman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy , Kansas City , Missouri 64108 , United States
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29
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1H NMR quantification of spray dried and spray freeze-dried saccharide carriers in dry powder inhaler formulations. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:318-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particulate carriers for pulmonary drug delivery. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Biologics now constitute a significant element of available medical treatments. Owing to their clinical and commercial success, biologics are a rapidly growing class and have become a dominant therapeutic modality. Although most of the successful biologics to date are drugs that bear a peptidic backbone, ranging from small peptides to monoclonal antibodies (~500 residues; 150 kDa), new biologic modalities, such as nucleotide-based therapeutics and viral gene therapies, are rapidly maturing towards widespread clinical use. Given the rise of peptides and proteins in the pharmaceutical landscape, tremendous research and development interest exists in developing less-invasive or non-invasive routes for the systemic delivery of biologics, including subcutaneous, transdermal, oral, inhalation, nasal and buccal routes. This Review summarizes the current status, latest updates and future prospects for such delivery of peptides, proteins and other biologics.
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32
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Micro/nanostructured inhalable formulation based on polysaccharides: Effect of a thermoprotectant on powder properties and protein integrity. Int J Pharm 2018; 551:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zhang Y, Zhou S, Deng F, Chen X, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang H, Dai W, He B, Zhang Q, Wang X. The function and mechanism of preactivated thiomers in triggering epithelial tight junctions opening. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 133:188-199. [PMID: 30359716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a unique macromolecular permeation enhancer, thiolated polymers (thiomers), especially the preactivated thiomers, have demonstrated great merits in oral delivery of protein/peptide drugs by triggering epithelial tight junctions (TJs) opening. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. To clarify this issue, preactivated thiomers were synthesized and their TJs opening function as well as signaling pathways on MDCK and Caco-2 cell monolayers was investigated. The results showed that preactivated thiomers could reduce TEER and increase the permeation of Na-Flu and FITC-Insulin over 2-fold and 4-fold on MDCK monolayers, respectively, indicating their huge potential as macromolecular permeation enhancers. The signaling pathway study showed that intracellular PTK Src but not FAK, involved in the TJs opening by claudin-4 disruption. Src activation was based on interaction between thiol group of thiomers and cysteine-riched Src upstream membrane receptors, EGFR and IGFR. The deep comprehension of the thiomers-mediated TJs opening mechanisms provides goodness in application of protein/peptide drugs for the oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feiyang Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xianhui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenbing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Ferrati S, Wu T, Kanapuram SR, Smyth HDC. Dosing considerations for inhaled biologics. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:58-66. [PMID: 30053488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The number of biologics in the therapeutic development pipeline is increasing including those delivered though inhalation (Morales, 2017; Fathe, 2016). Biologics comprise a broad variety of complex macromolecules with unique physicochemical characteristics. These distinctive characteristics control their pharmacological mechanisms of action, stability, and ultimately affect their processing, formulation, and delivery requirements. This review systematically covers crucial aspects of biologic powders formulations and dry powder inhalers which need to be taken into consideration to establish the drug loading and the payload to be delivered to reach the desired clinical dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ferrati
- The University of Texas in Austin, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tian Wu
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Hugh D C Smyth
- The University of Texas in Austin, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA.
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Modeling the performance of carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations: Where are we, and how to get there? J Control Release 2018; 279:251-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fate of PEGylated antibody fragments following delivery to the lungs: Influence of delivery site, PEG size and lung inflammation. J Control Release 2017; 272:62-71. [PMID: 29247664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary administration of anti-cytokine antibodies offers a targeted therapy in asthma. However, the rapid elimination of proteins from the lungs limits the efficacy of inhaled medications. PEGylation has been shown to increase the residence time of anti-interleukin (IL)-17A and anti-IL-13 antibody fragments in the lungs and to improve their therapeutic efficacy. Yet, little is known about the factors that affect the residence time of PEGylated antibody fragments in the lungs following pulmonary delivery. In this study, we showed that the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG), 20kDa or 40kDa, had a moderate effect on the residence time of an anti-IL-17A Fab' fragment in the lungs of mice. By contrast, the site of delivery of the anti-IL-17A and anti-IL-13 Fab' fragments within the lungs had a major impact on their residence time, with the deeper the delivery, the more prolonged the residence time. The nature of the Fab' fragment had an influence on its residence time as well and the anti-IL-17A Fab' benefited more from PEGylation than the anti-IL-13 Fab' did. Acute lung inflammation slightly shortened the residence time of the anti-IL-17A and anti-IL-13 Fab' fragments in the lungs but PEGylation was able to prolong their presence in both the healthy and inflamed lungs. Antibody fragments were predominately located within the airway lumen rather than the lung parenchyma. Transport experiments on monolayers of Calu-3 cells and studies of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in respiratory mucus showed that mechanisms involved in the prolonged presence of PEGylated Fab' in the airway lumen might include binding to the mucus, reduced uptake by respiratory cells and reduced transport across lung epithelia. Finally, using I125-labeled anti-IL-17A Fab', we showed that the protein fragment hardly penetrated into the lungs following subcutaneous injection, as opposed to pulmonary delivery.
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Pechenov S, Bhattacharjee H, Yin D, Mittal S, Subramony JA. Improving drug-like properties of insulin and GLP-1 via molecule design and formulation and improving diabetes management with device & drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 112:106-122. [PMID: 28153578 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is an increased incidence of diabetes worldwide. The discovery of insulin revolutionized the management of diabetes, the revelation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and introduction of GLP-1 receptor agonists to clinical practice was another breakthrough. Continued translational research resulted in better understanding of diabetes, which, in combination with cutting-edge biology, chemistry, and pharmaceutical tools, have allowed for the development of safer, more effective and convenient insulins and GLP-1. Advances in self-administration of insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies with use of drug-device combination products have further improved the outcomes of diabetes management and quality of life for diabetic patients. The synergies of insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonist actions have led to development of devices that can deliver both molecules simultaneously. New chimeric GLP-1-incretins and insulin-GLP-1-incretin molecules are also being developed. The objective of this review is to summarize molecular designs to improve the drug-like properties of insulin and GLP-1 and to highlight the continued advancement of drug-device combination products to improve diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himanshu Bhattacharjee
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Daniel Yin
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Sachin Mittal
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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An Assessment of the Permeation Enhancer, 1-phenyl-piperazine (PPZ), on Paracellular Flux Across Rat Intestinal Mucosae in Ussing Chambers. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2506-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Delivery of Exenatide and Insulin Using Mucoadhesive Intestinal Devices. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:1993-2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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