1
|
Tamim YM, Soliman ML, Sayed MM, Abdul-Rasheed MS, Nagy AA, Abdellah AM, Osman AH, Ismail AFM. Acetazolamide suppresses the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in Wistar albino rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:1045-1058. [PMID: 39164014 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be the most prevalent type of liver cancer worldwide. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC is an extensively used hepatic cancer model in experimental animals. Acetazolamide (AZA) is a carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibitor. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic mechanism of AZA against DEN-induced HCC. Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided equally into three groups. Group I (C): control group, Group II (HCC): DEN-induced HCC, and Group III (HCC/AZA): AZA-treated HCC. Verification of the HCC induced by DEN was confirmed by elevated liver enzymes' activities, and increased α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, as well as distinct liver architecture changes. On the other hand, the AZA-treated HCC group experienced decreases in the activities of serum liver enzymes and AFP levels, as well as, regulated liver architecture. Additionally, it downregulated p-p38 MAPK/p-JNK1/JNK2/p-C-Jun/p-NF-κB p65 protein expressions. Moreover, it ameliorated autophagy by controlling the expression of the p-AMPK/p-mTOR1/LC3 I/II proteins. Furthermore, it downregulated the relative gene expressions of carbonic anhydrase-IX (CAIX) and hexokinase-II (HKII). Histopathological examination of AZA-treated HCC liver tissues supported these findings. Conclusion: AZA provides a new dimension in ameliorating experimentally induced HCC through regulation of hepatic biomarkers, antioxidant status, inflammatory markers, and autophagy, mediated by amelioration of CAIX and HKII gene expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yomna M Tamim
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L Soliman
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moataz M Sayed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed A Nagy
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdellah
- Pathophysiology Department, Grand Canyon University, Arizona, USA
| | - Ahmed H Osman
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amel F M Ismail
- Drug Radiation Research Department, Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gomena J, Modena D, Cordella P, Vári B, Ranđelović I, Borbély A, Bottani M, Vári-Mező D, Halmos G, Juhász É, Steinkühler C, Tóvári J, Mező G. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of Bombesin-MMAE conjugates for targeted tumour therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116767. [PMID: 39146832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Targeted tumour therapy has proved to be an efficient alternative to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. The upregulation of the bombesin receptor 2 (BB2) in several malignancies and the advantages offered by peptide drug conjugates over antibody drug conjugates in terms of production and tumour targeting motivated us to synthesise and test bombesin conjugates armed with the tubulin binder monomethyl auristatin E. The widely used Val-Cit-PABC was initially included as cathepsin cleavable self-immolative linker for the release of the free drug. However, the poor stability of the Val-Cit-conjugates in mouse plasma encouraged us to consider the optimised alternatives Glu-Val-Cit-PABC and Glu-Gly-Cit-PABC. Conjugate BN-EVcM1, featuring Glu-Val-Cit-PABC, combined suitable stability (t(½) in mouse and human plasma: 8.4 h and 4.6 h, respectively), antiproliferative activity in vitro (IC50 = 29.6 nM on the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3) and the full release of the free payload within 24 h. Three conjugates, namely BN-EGcM1, BN-EVcM1 and BN-EVcM2, improved the accumulation of MMAE in PC-3 human prostate cancer xenograft mice models, compared to the administration of the free drug. Among them, BN-EVcM1 also stood out for the significantly extended survival of mice in in vivo acute efficacy studies and for the significant inhibition of the growth of a PC-3 tumour in mice in both acute and chronic efficacy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Gomena
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniela Modena
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Preclinical R&D Department, 20092, Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), Italy
| | - Paola Cordella
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Preclinical R&D Department, 20092, Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), Italy
| | - Balázs Vári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; KINETO Lab Ltd., 1037, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adina Borbély
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michela Bottani
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Preclinical R&D Department, 20092, Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), Italy
| | - Diána Vári-Mező
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Juhász
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christian Steinkühler
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Preclinical R&D Department, 20092, Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), Italy
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He C, Liu F, Tao J, Wang Z, Liu J, Liu S, Xu X, Li L, Wang F, Yang X, Zhu H, Yang Z. A CAIX Dual-Targeting Small-Molecule Probe for Noninvasive Imaging of ccRCC. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3383-3394. [PMID: 38831541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a zinc metal transmembrane protein, is highly expressed in 95% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). A positron emission tomography (PET) probe designed to target CAIX in nuclear medicine imaging technology can achieve precise positioning, is noninvasive, and can be used to monitor CAIX expression in lesions in real time. In this study, we constructed a novel acetazolamide dual-targeted small-molecule probe [68Ga]Ga-LF-4, which targets CAIX by binding to a specific amino acid sequence. After attenuation correction, the radiolabeling yield reached 66.95 ± 0.57% (n = 5) after 15 min of reaction and the radiochemical purity reached 99% (n = 5). [68Ga]Ga-LF-4 has good in vitro and in vivo stability, and in vivo safety and high affinity for CAIX, with a Kd value of 6.62 nM. Moreover, [68Ga]Ga-LF-4 could be quickly cleared from the blood in vivo. The biodistribution study revealed that the [68Ga]Ga-LF-4 signal was concentrated in the heart, lung, and kidney after administration, which was the same as that observed in the micro-PET/CT study. In a ccRCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, the signal significantly accumulated in the tumor after administration, where it was retained for up to 4 h. After competitive blockade with LF-4, uptake at the tumor site was significantly reduced. The SUVmax of the probe [68Ga]Ga-LF-4 at the ccRCC tumor site was three times greater than that in the PC3 group with low CAIX expression at 30 min (ccRCC vs PC3:1.86 ± 0.03 vs 0.62 ± 0.01, t = 48.2, P < 0.0001). These results indicate that [68Ga]Ga-LF-4 is a novel small-molecule probe that targets CAIX and can be used to image localized and metastatic ccRCC lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxue He
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Futao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jinping Tao
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zilei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xianteng Yang
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital,Anshun550002, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu X, Zhang J, Wang T, Li J, Rong Y, Wang Y, Bai C, Yan Q, Ran X, Wang Y, Zhang T, Sun J, Jiang Q. Emerging non-antibody‒drug conjugates (non-ADCs) therapeutics of toxins for cancer treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1542-1559. [PMID: 38572098 PMCID: PMC10985036 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The non-selective cytotoxicity of toxins limits the clinical relevance of the toxins. In recent years, toxins have been widely used as warheads for antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) due to their efficient killing activity against various cancer cells. Although ADCs confer certain targeting properties to the toxins, low drug loading capacity, possible immunogenicity, and other drawbacks also limit the potential application of ADCs. Recently, non-ADC delivery strategies for toxins have been extensively investigated. To further understand the application of toxins in anti-tumor, this paper provided an overview of prodrugs, nanodrug delivery systems, and biomimetic drug delivery systems. In addition, toxins and their combination strategies with other therapies were discussed. Finally, the prospect and challenge of toxins in cancer treatment were also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yukang Rong
- School of Education, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chenxia Bai
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaohua Ran
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Metrangolo V, Engelholm LH. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: The Dynamic Evolution from Conventional to Next-Generation Constructs. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:447. [PMID: 38275888 PMCID: PMC10814585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduced almost two decades ago, ADCs have marked a breakthrough in the targeted therapy era, providing clinical benefits to many cancer patients. While the inherent complexity of this class of drugs has challenged their development and broad application, the experience gained from years of trials and errors and recent advances in construct design and delivery have led to an increased number of ADCs approved or in late clinical development in only five years. Target and payload diversification, along with novel conjugation and linker technologies, are at the forefront of next-generation ADC development, renewing hopes to broaden the scope of these targeted drugs to difficult-to-treat cancers and beyond. This review highlights recent trends in the ADC field, focusing on construct design and mechanism of action and their implications on ADCs' therapeutic profile. The evolution from conventional to innovative ADC formats will be illustrated, along with some of the current hurdles, including toxicity and drug resistance. Future directions to improve the design of next-generation ADCs will also be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Metrangolo
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars H. Engelholm
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oehler S, Lucaroni L, Migliorini F, Elsayed A, Prati L, Puglioli S, Matasci M, Schira K, Scheuermann J, Yudin D, Jia M, Ban N, Bushnell D, Kornberg R, Cazzamalli S, Neri D, Favalli N, Bassi G. A DNA-encoded chemical library based on chiral 4-amino-proline enables stereospecific isozyme-selective protein recognition. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1431-1443. [PMID: 37400597 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) consist of large chemical compound collections individually linked to DNA barcodes, facilitating pooled construction and screening. However, screening campaigns often fail if the molecular arrangement of the building blocks is not conducive to an efficient interaction with a protein target. Here we postulated that the use of rigid, compact and stereo-defined central scaffolds for DEL synthesis may facilitate the discovery of very specific ligands capable of discriminating between closely related protein targets. We synthesized a DEL comprising 3,735,936 members, featuring the four stereoisomers of 4-aminopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid as central scaffolds. The library was screened in comparative selections against pharmaceutically relevant targets and their closely related protein isoforms. Hit validation results revealed a strong impact of stereochemistry, with large affinity differences between stereoisomers. We identified potent isozyme-selective ligands against multiple protein targets. Some of these hits, specific to tumour-associated antigens, demonstrated tumour-selective targeting in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, constructing DELs with stereo-defined elements contributed to high library productivity and ligand selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdullah Elsayed
- Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Kristina Schira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Yudin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Min Jia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Ban
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Kornberg
- NeoTX Therapeutics LTD, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Dario Neri
- Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
- Philogen SPA, Siena, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin L, Xu A, Zhao Y, Gu J. Bioanalytical Assays for Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Study of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1324-1331. [PMID: 37290939 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are produced by the chemical linkage of cytotoxic agents and monoclonal antibodies. The complexity and heterogeneity of ADCs and the low concentration of cytotoxic agent released in vivo poses big challenges to their bioanalysis. Understanding the pharmacokinetic behavior, exposure-safety, and exposure-efficacy relationships of ADCs is needed for their successful development. Accurate analytical methods are required to evaluate intact ADCs, total antibody, released small molecule cytotoxins, and related metabolites. The selection of appropriate bioanalysis methods for comprehensive analysis of ADCs is mainly dependent on the properties of cytotoxic agents, the chemical linker, and the attachment sites. The quality of the information about the whole pharmacokinetic profile of ADCs has been improved due to the development and improvement of analytical strategies for detection of ADCs, such as ligand-binding assays and mass spectrometry-related techniques. In this article, we will focus on the bioanalytical assays that have been used in the pharmacokinetic study of ADCs and discuss their advantages, current limitations, and potential challenges. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This article describes bioanalysis methods which have been used in pharmacokinetic study of ADCs and discusses the advantages, disadvantages and potential challenges of these assays. This review is useful and helpful and will provide insights and reference for bioanalysis and development of ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China (L.Y., A.X., Y.Z., J.G.) and School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, PR China (L.Y.)
| | - Aiyun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China (L.Y., A.X., Y.Z., J.G.) and School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, PR China (L.Y.)
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China (L.Y., A.X., Y.Z., J.G.) and School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, PR China (L.Y.)
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China (L.Y., A.X., Y.Z., J.G.) and School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, PR China (L.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zambra M, Ranđelović I, Talarico F, Borbély A, Svajda L, Tóvári J, Mező G, Bodero L, Colombo S, Arrigoni F, Fasola E, Gazzola S, Piarulli U. Optimizing the enzymatic release of MMAE from isoDGR-based small molecule drug conjugate by incorporation of a GPLG-PABC enzymatically cleavable linker. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1215694. [PMID: 37492088 PMCID: PMC10363981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1215694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) and Small Molecule-Drug Conjugates (SMDCs) represent successful examples of targeted drug-delivery technologies for overcoming unwanted side effects of conventional chemotherapy in cancer treatment. In both strategies, a cytotoxic payload is connected to the tumor homing moiety through a linker that releases the drug inside or in proximity of the tumor cell, and that represents a key component for the final therapeutic effect of the conjugate. Here, we show that the replacement of the Val-Ala-p-aminobenzyloxycarbamate linker with the Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-p-aminobenzyloxycarbamate (GPLG-PABC) sequence as enzymatically cleavable linker in the SMDC bearing the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR] αVβ3 integrin ligand as tumor homing moiety and the monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as cytotoxic payload led to a 4-fold more potent anti-tumoral effect of the final conjugate on different cancer cell lines. In addition, the synthesized conjugate resulted to be significantly more potent than the free MMAE when tested following the "kiss-and-run" protocol, and the relative potency were clearly consistent with the expression of the αVβ3 integrin receptor in the considered cancer cell lines. In vitro enzymatic cleavage tests showed that the GPLG-PABC linker is cleaved by lysosomal enzymes, and that the released drug is observable already after 15 min of incubation. Although additional data are needed to fully characterize the releasing capacity of GPLG-PABC linker, our findings are of therapeutic significance since we are introducing an alternative to other well-established enzymatically sensitive peptide sequences that might be used in the future for generating more efficient and less toxic drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zambra
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesco Talarico
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Adina Borbély
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group and Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Svajda
- KINETO Lab Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lizeth Bodero
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Sveva Colombo
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
- Department of Chemistry Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Federico Arrigoni
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Elettra Fasola
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi W, Zhang J, Liu L, Li W, Liu Z, Ren A, Wang J, Tang C, Yang Y, Xu D, Huang Q, Wang Y, Luo C, Huang W, Tang F. Hiding Payload Inside the IgG Fc Cavity Significantly Enhances the Therapeutic Index of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1011-1026. [PMID: 36584232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The inadequate understanding of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of glycosite-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) hinders its design and development. Herein, we revealed the systemic SAR and structure-toxicity relationship (STR) of gsADCs by constructing 50 gsADC structures bearing three glycan subtypes and diverse linker-drug combinations. According to the results, extra hydrophilic linkers are indispensable for the intact glycan-based gsADCs to achieve better in vivo efficacy. Meanwhile, the gsADCs that conjugate linker-drug complexes onto the terminal sialic acid are more stable and potent than the ones conjugated onto the terminal galactose in vivo. Notably, the LacNAc-based gsADCs, which shortened the spacer and located the linker-drug more inside the immunoglobulin class G (IgG) Fc cavity, showed excellent hydrophilicity, in vivo activity, pharmacokinetics, and safety. Conclusively, we found that hiding the linker-toxin into the Fc cavity can significantly enhance the therapeutic index of LacNAc-based gsADCs, which will benefit the further design of ADCs with optimal druggability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liya Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Anni Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Caihong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yongqin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Caili Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Shanghai GlycanLink Biotech. Co. Ltd. Minhang, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zana A, Galbiati A, Gilardoni E, Bocci M, Millul J, Sturm T, Stucchi R, Elsayed A, Nadal L, Cirillo M, Roll W, Stegger L, Asmus I, Backhaus P, Schäfers M, Neri D, Cazzamalli S. Fibroblast Activation Protein Triggers Release of Drug Payload from Non-internalizing Small Molecule Drug Conjugates in Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5440-5454. [PMID: 36215129 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small molecule drug conjugates (SMDC) are modular anticancer prodrugs that include a tumor-targeting small organic ligand, a cleavable linker, and a potent cytotoxic agent. Most of the SMDC products that have been developed for clinical applications target internalizing tumor-associated antigens on the surface of tumor cells. We have recently described a novel non-internalizing small organic ligand (named OncoFAP) of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a tumor-associated antigen highly expressed in the stroma of most solid human malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this article, we describe a new series of OncoFAP-Drug derivatives based on monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE; a potent cytotoxic tubulin poison) and dipeptide linkers that are selectively cleaved by FAP in the tumor microenvironment. RESULTS The tumor-targeting potential of OncoFAP was confirmed in patients with cancer using nuclear medicine procedures. We used mass spectrometry methodologies to quantify the amount of prodrug delivered to tumors and normal organs, as well as the efficiency of the drug release process. Linkers previously exploited for anticancer drug conjugates were used as benchmark. We identified OncoFAP-Gly-Pro-MMAE as the best performing SMDC, which has now been prioritized for further clinical development. OncoFAP-Gly-Pro-MMAE selectively delivered more than 10% injected dose per gram of MMAE to FAP-positive tumors, with a tumor-to-kidney ratio of 16:1 at 24 hours post-injection. CONCLUSIONS The FAP-specific drug conjugates described in this article promise to be efficacious for the targeting of human malignancies. The extracellular release of potent anticancer payloads mediates durable complete remission in difficult-to-treat animal models of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aureliano Zana
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Galbiati
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Matilde Bocci
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Millul
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theo Sturm
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Abdullah Elsayed
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Nadal
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Cirillo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician," University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Roll
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Stegger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Inga Asmus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Backhaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dario Neri
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland.,Philogen S.p.A., Siena, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei D, Mao Y, Wang H, Qu S, Chen J, Li J, Jiang B, Chen H. A mild phenoxysilyl linker for self-immolative release of antibody-drug conjugates. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
12
|
Peritumoral scaffold neutralizes tumor pH for chemotherapy sensitization and metastasis inhibition. J Control Release 2022; 352:747-758. [PMID: 36356942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal metabolism of rapidly growing tumors can create an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) that renders cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy and further facilitates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress to promote metastasis. Here, we developed a combination strategy consisting of (1) peritumorally injected scaffold that alleviates TME acidosis, and (2) intravenously injected nanoparticles that delivers anti-cancer agents to tumor. Concurrent treatment with these two drug delivery systems profoundly delayed the growth of primary tumor and reduced the spontaneous metastasis to lung in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model. Mechanism studies both in vitro and in vivo further revealed that neutralization of TME pH by the hydrogel scaffold sensitized cancer cells to nanoparticle-based chemotherapy, thereby strengthening the cytotoxicity against tumor growth; In parallel, reversal of tumor acidity downregulated various pro-metastatic proteins intratumorally to block the EMT progress, thereby reducing the metastatic potential of cancer cells. This work provided proof-of-concept demonstration that chemotherapy sensitization and EMT suppression could be synchronized by the modulation of TME pH, which may be potentially beneficial for simultaneous inhibition of tumor growth and cancer metastasis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Śmiłowicz D, Schlyer D, Boros E, Meimetis L. Evaluation of a Radio-IMmunoStimulant (RIMS) in a Syngeneic Model of Murine Prostate Cancer and ImmunoPET Analysis of T-cell Distribution. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3217-3227. [PMID: 35895995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tumor heterogeneity have led to the resilience of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) to current treatments. To address these challenges, we developed and evaluated a new drug paradigm, Radio-IMmunostimulant (RIMS), in a syngeneic model of murine prostate cancer. RIMS-1 was generated using a convergent synthesis employing solid phase peptide and solution chemistries. The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitory constant for natLu-RIMS-1 was determined, and radiolabeling with 177Lu generated 177Lu-RIMS-1. The TLR 7/8 agonist payload release from natLu-RIMS-1 was determined using a cathepsin B assay. The biodistribution of 177Lu-RIMS-1 was evaluated in a bilateral xenograft model in NCru nude mice bearing PSMA(+) (PC3-PiP) and PSMA(-) (PC3-Flu) tumors at 2, 24, and 72 h. The therapeutic effect of 177Lu-RIMS-1 was evaluated in C57BL/6J mice bearing RM1-PGLS (PSMA-positive, green fluorescent protein-positive, and luciferase-positive) tumors and compared to that of 177Lu-PSMA-617 at the same total administered radioactivity of 57 MBq and molar activity of 5.18 MBq/nmol. natLu-RIMS-1 and vehicle were evaluated as the controls. Immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) using 89Zr-DFO-anti-CD3 was used to visualize T-cell distribution during treatment. 177Lu-RIMS-1 was quantitatively radiolabeled at >99% radiochemical purity and maintained a high affinity toward PSMA (Ki = 3.77 ± 0.5 nM). Cathepsin B efficiently released the entire immunostimulant payload in 17.6 h. 177Lu-RIMS-1 displayed a sustained uptake in PSMA(+) tumor tissue up to 72 h (2.65 ± 1.03% ID/g) and was not statistically different (P = 0.1936) compared to 177Lu-PSMA-617 (3.65 ± 0.59% ID/g). All animals treated with 177Lu-RIMS-1 displayed tumor growth suppression and provided a median survival of 30 days (P = 0.0007) while 177Lu-PSMA-617 provided a median survival of 15 days, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.3548) compared to the vehicle group (14 days). ImmunoPET analysis revealed 2-fold more tumor infiltrating T-cells in 177Lu-RIMS-1-treated animals compared to 177Lu-PSMA-617-treated animals; 177Lu-RIMS-1 improves therapeutic outcomes in a syngeneic model of mouse prostate cancer and elicits greater T-cell infiltration to the tumor compared to 177Lu-PSMA-617. These results support further investigation of the RIMS paradigm as the first example of a single molecular entity combining radiotherapy and immunostimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Śmiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - David Schlyer
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Labros Meimetis
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ferhati X, Salas-Cubero M, Garrido P, García-Sanmartín J, Guerreiro A, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Peregrina JM, Martínez A, Jiménez-Moreno E, Bernardes GJL, Corzana F. Bioorthogonal Self-Immolative Linker Based on Grob Fragmentation. Org Lett 2021; 23:8580-8584. [PMID: 34694118 PMCID: PMC8576835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A self-immolative
bioorthogonal conditionally cleavable linker
based on Grob fragmentation is described. It is derived from 1,3-aminocyclohexanols
and allows the release of sulfonate-containing compounds in aqueous
media. Modulation of the amine pKa promotes
fragmentation even at slightly acidic pH, a common feature of several
tumor environments. The Grob fragmentation can also occur under physiological
conditions in living cells, highlighting the potential bioorthogonal
applicability of this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xhenti Ferhati
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Marina Salas-Cubero
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Josune García-Sanmartín
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ana Guerreiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Universidad de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Jesús H Busto
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Jesús M Peregrina
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ester Jiménez-Moreno
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Universidad de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pérez-Herrero E, Fernández-Medarde A. The reversed intra- and extracellular pH in tumors as a unified strategy to chemotherapeutic delivery using targeted nanocarriers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2243-2264. [PMID: 34522586 PMCID: PMC8424227 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are complex entities, comprising a wide variety of malignancies with very different molecular alterations. Despite this, they share a set of characteristics known as "hallmarks of cancer" that can be used as common therapeutic targets. Thus, every tumor needs to change its metabolism in order to obtain the energy levels required for its high proliferative rates, and these adaptations lead to alterations in extra- and intracellular pH. These changes in pH are common to all solid tumors, and can be used either as therapeutic targets, blocking the cell proton transporters and reversing the pH changes, or as means to specifically deliver anticancer drugs. In this review we will describe how proton transport inhibitors in association with nanocarriers have been designed to block the pH changes that are needed for cancer cells to survive after their metabolic adaptations. We will also describe studies aiming to decrease intracellular pH in cancer using nanoparticles as molecular cages for protons which will be released upon UV or IR light exposure. Finally, we will comment on several studies that have used the extracellular pH in cancer for an enhanced cell internalization and tumor penetration of nanocarriers and a controlled drug delivery, describing how nanocarriers are being used to increase drug stability and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pérez-Herrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular Del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Del Cáncer (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gallo F, Korsak B, Müller C, Hechler T, Yanakieva D, Avrutina O, Kolmar H, Pahl A. Enhancing the Pharmacokinetics and Antitumor Activity of an α-Amanitin-Based Small-Molecule Drug Conjugate via Conjugation with an Fc Domain. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4117-4129. [PMID: 33755471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the design and biological evaluation of a novel antitumor therapeutic platform that combines the most favorable properties of small-molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Although the small size of SMDCs, compared to ADCs, is an appealing feature for their application in the treatment of solid tumors, SMDCs usually suffer from poor pharmacokinetics, which severely limits their therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this limitation, in this proof-of-concept study we grafted an α-amanitin-based SMDC that targets prostate cancer cells onto an immunoglobulin Fc domain via a two-step "program and arm" chemoenzymatic strategy. We demonstrated the superior pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy of the resulting Fc-SMDC over the SMDC in a prostate cancer xenograft mouse model. This approach may provide a general strategy toward effective antitumor therapeutics combining small size with pharmacokinetic properties close to those of an ADC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gallo
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Heidelberg Pharma AG, Schriesheimer Str. 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Korsak
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Heidelberg Pharma AG, Schriesheimer Str. 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Heidelberg Pharma AG, Schriesheimer Str. 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hechler
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Heidelberg Pharma AG, Schriesheimer Str. 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Desislava Yanakieva
- Department of Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Department of Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Pahl
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Heidelberg Pharma AG, Schriesheimer Str. 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Patel TK, Adhikari N, Amin SA, Biswas S, Jha T, Ghosh B. Small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs): an emerging strategy for anticancer drug design and discovery. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of how SMDCs work. Small molecule drugs are conjugated with the targeted ligand using pH sensitive linkers which allow the drug molecule to get released at lower lysosomal pH. It helps to accumulate the chemotherapeutic agents to be localized in the tumor environment upon cleaving of the pH-labile bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Patel
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Sk. Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Swati Biswas
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Millul J, Krudewig C, Zana A, Dakhel Plaza S, Puca E, Villa A, Neri D, Cazzamalli S. Immunotherapy with Immunocytokines and PD-1 Blockade Enhances the Anticancer Activity of Small Molecule-Drug Conjugates Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:512-522. [PMID: 33443104 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) represent an alternative to conventional antitumor chemotherapeutic agents, with the potential to improve the therapeutic window of cytotoxic payloads through active delivery at the site of the disease. In this article, we describe novel combination therapies consisting of anti-carbonic anhydrase IX SMDCs combined with different immunomodulatory products. The therapeutic effect of the SMDCs was potentiated by combination with PD-1 blockade and with tumor-homing antibody-cytokine fusions in mouse models of renal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer. The combination with L19-IL12, a fusion protein specific to the alternatively spliced EDB domain of fibronectin containing the murine IL12 moiety, was also active against large established tumors. Analysis of the microscopic structures of healthy organs performed 3 months after tumor eradication confirmed absence of pathologic abnormalities in the healthy kidney, liver, lung, stomach, and intestine. Our findings may be of clinical significance as they provide motivation for the development of combinations based on SMDCs and immunotherapy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and hypoxic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christiane Krudewig
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gouyou B, Millul J, Villa A, Cazzamalli S, Neri D, Matasci M. Sortase-Mediated Site-Specific Modification of Interleukin-2 for the Generation of a Tumor-Targeting Acetazolamide-Cytokine Conjugate. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26077-26083. [PMID: 33073134 PMCID: PMC7558062 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Small ligands specific to tumor-associated antigens can be used as alternatives to antibodies for the delivery of small payloads such as radionuclides, cytotoxic drugs, and fluorophores. Their use as a delivery moiety of bioactive proteins such as cytokines remains largely unexplored. Here, we describe the preparation and in vivo characterization of the first small molecule-cytokine conjugate targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a marker of renal cell carcinoma and hypoxia. Site-specific conjugation between interleukin-2 and acetazolamide was obtained by sortase A-mediated transpeptidation. Binding of the conjugate to the cognate CAIX antigen was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. The in vivo targeting of structures expressing carbonic anhydrase IX was assessed by biodistribution experiments in tumor-bearing mice. Optimization of manufacturability and tumor-targeting performance of acetazolamide-cytokine products will be required in order to enable industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacopo Millul
- Philochem
AG, Libernstrasse 3, 8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dario Neri
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Matasci
- Philochem
AG, Libernstrasse 3, 8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Harguindey S, Alfarouk K, Polo Orozco J, Fais S, Devesa J. Towards an Integral Therapeutic Protocol for Breast Cancer Based upon the New H +-Centered Anticancer Paradigm of the Late Post-Warburg Era. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7475. [PMID: 33050492 PMCID: PMC7589677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A brand new approach to the understanding of breast cancer (BC) is urgently needed. In this contribution, the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of this disease is approached from the new pH-centric anticancer paradigm. Only this unitarian perspective, based upon the hydrogen ion (H+) dynamics of cancer, allows for the understanding and integration of the many dualisms, confusions, and paradoxes of the disease. The new H+-related, wide-ranging model can embrace, from a unique perspective, the many aspects of the disease and, at the same time, therapeutically interfere with most, if not all, of the hallmarks of cancer known to date. The pH-related armamentarium available for the treatment of BC reviewed here may be beneficial for all types and stages of the disease. In this vein, we have attempted a megasynthesis of traditional and new knowledge in the different areas of breast cancer research and treatment based upon the wide-ranging approach afforded by the hydrogen ion dynamics of cancer. The concerted utilization of the pH-related drugs that are available nowadays for the treatment of breast cancer is advanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Harguindey
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Khalid Alfarouk
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42316, Saudi Arabia and Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Tampa, FL 33617, USA;
| | - Julián Polo Orozco
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, 15886 Teo, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kulterer OC, Pfaff S, Wadsak W, Garstka N, Remzi M, Vraka C, Nics L, Mitterhauser M, Bootz F, Cazzamalli S, Krall N, Neri D, Haug AR. A Microdosing Study with 99mTc-PHC-102 for the SPECT/CT Imaging of Primary and Metastatic Lesions in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:360-365. [PMID: 32680925 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.245530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
99mTc-PHC-102 is a 99mTc-labeled derivative of acetazolamide, a high-affinity small organic ligand of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). 99mTc-PHC-102 has previously shown favorable in vivo biodistribution properties in mouse models of CAIX-positive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the targeting performance of 99mTc-PHC-102 in SPECT in patients with renal cell carcinoma while also assessing the safety and tolerability of the radiotracer. Methods: We studied 5 patients with localized or metastatic ccRCC in a microdosing regimen, after the administration of a 50-μg total of CAIX ligand and 600-800 MBq of 99mTc-PHC-102. Tissue distribution and residence time in normal organs and tumors were analyzed by serial SPECT/CT scans at 3 time points (30 min, 2 h, and 6 h) after intravenous administration. Results: In the 5 patients studied, 99mTc-PHC-102 was well tolerated and no study drug-related adverse events were recorded. In the stomach, kidneys, and gallbladder, the radiotracer showed a rapid initial uptake, which cleared over time. Localization of the study drug in primary tumors of 5 patients was observed, with favorable tumor-to-background ratios. 99mTc-PHC-102 SPECT/CT allowed the identification of 4 previously unknown lung and lymph node metastases in 2 patients. Conclusion: 99mTc-PHC-102 is a promising SPECT tracer for the imaging of patients with ccRCC. This tracer has the potential to identify primary and metastatic lesions in different anatomic locations. 99mTc-PHC-102 might also serve as a companion diagnostic agent for future CAIX-targeting therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana C Kulterer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Pfaff
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Garstka
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mesut Remzi
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; and
| | - Alexander R Haug
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tatiparti K, Rauf MA, Sau S, Iyer AK. Carbonic Anhydrase-IX Guided Albumin Nanoparticles for Hypoxia-mediated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Killing and Imaging of Patient-derived Tumor. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102362. [PMID: 32438691 PMCID: PMC7287925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is considered as the most onerous cancer subtype, lacking the estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Evaluating new markers is an unmet need for improving targeted therapy against TNBC. TNBC depends on several factors, including hypoxia development, which contributes to therapy resistance, immune evasion, and tumor stroma formation. In this study, we studied the curcumin analogue (3,4-Difluorobenzylidene Curcumin; CDF) encapsulated bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticle for tumor targeting. For tumor targeting, we conjugated Acetazolamide (ATZ) with CDF and encapsulated it in the BSA to form a nanoparticle (namely BSA-CDF-ATZ). The in vitro cytotoxicity study suggested that BSA-CDF-ATZ is more efficient when compared to free CDF. The BSA-CDF-ATZ nanoparticles showed significantly higher cell killing in hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic conditions, suggesting better internalization of the nanoparticles into cancer cells under hypoxia. Fluorescent-dye labeled BSA-CDF-ATZ revealed higher cell uptake of the nanoparticle compared to free dye indicative of better delivery, substantiated by a high rate of apoptosis-mediated cell death compared to free CDF. The significantly higher tumor accumulation and low liver and spleen uptake in TNBC patient-derived tumor xenograft models confirm the significant potential of BSA-CDF-ATZ for targeted TNBC imaging and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katyayani Tatiparti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.T.); (M.A.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.T.); (M.A.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.T.); (M.A.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (K.T.); (M.A.R.); (S.S.)
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-313-577-5875
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sannino A, Gironda-Martínez A, Gorre ÉMD, Prati L, Piazzi J, Scheuermann J, Neri D, Donckele EJ, Samain F. Critical Evaluation of Photo-cross-linking Parameters for the Implementation of Efficient DNA-Encoded Chemical Library Selections. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:204-212. [PMID: 32109359 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The growing importance of DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DECLs) as tools for the discovery of protein binders has sparked an interest for the development of efficient screening methodologies, capable of discriminating between high- and medium-affinity ligands. Here, we present a systematic investigation of selection methodologies, featuring a library displayed on single-stranded DNA, which could be hybridized to a complementary oligonucleotide carrying a diazirine photoreactive group. Model experiments, performed using ligands of different affinity to carbonic anhydrase IX, revealed a recovery of preferential binders up to 10%, which was mainly limited by the highly reactive nature of carbene intermediates generated during the photo-cross-linking process. Ligands featuring acetazolamide or p-phenylsulfonamide exhibited a higher recovery compared to their counterparts based on 3-sulfamoyl benzoic acid, which had a lower affinity toward the target. A systematic evaluation of experimental parameters revealed conditions that were ideally suited for library screening, which were used for the screening of a combinatorial DECL library, featuring 669 240 combinations of two sets of building blocks. Compared to conventional affinity capture procedures on protein immobilized on solid supports, photo-cross-linking provided a better discrimination of low-affinity CAIX ligands over the background signal and therefore can be used as a tandem methodology with the affinity capture procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luca Prati
- Philochem AG, 8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bargh JD, Walsh SJ, Isidro-Llobet A, Omarjee S, Carroll JS, Spring DR. Sulfatase-cleavable linkers for antibody-drug conjugates. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2375-2380. [PMID: 34084399 PMCID: PMC8157321 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of targeted drug delivery agents combining the cell-selectivity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the cytotoxicity of small molecules. These two components are joined by a covalent linker, whose nature is critical to the efficacy and safety of the ADC. Enzyme-cleavable dipeptidic linkers have emerged as a particularly effective ADC linker type due to their ability to selectively release the payload in the lysosomes of target cells. However, these linkers have a number of drawbacks, including instability in rodent plasma and their inherently high hydrophobicity. Here we show that arylsulfate-containing ADC linkers are cleaved by lysosomal sulfatase enzymes to tracelessly release their payload, while circumventing the instability problems associated with dipeptide-linkers. When incorporated with trastuzumab and the highly potent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) payload, the arylsulfate-containing ADC 2 and ADC 3 were more cytotoxic than the non-cleavable ADC 4 against HER2-positive cells, while maintaining selectivity over HER2-negative cells. We propose that the stability, solubility and synthetic tractability of our arylsulfate linkers make them an attractive new motif for cleavable ADC linkers, with clear benefits over the widely used dipeptidic linkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Bargh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Stephen J Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | | | - Soleilmane Omarjee
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fernández M, Shamsabadi A, Chudasama V. Fine-tuning thio-pyridazinediones as SMDC scaffolds (with intracellular thiol release via a novel self-immolative linker). Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1125-1128. [PMID: 31894778 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08744c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of a library of thioalkyl- and thioaryl-pyridazinediones for thiol-based self-immolative release of cargo. A bisthioaryl-pyridazinedione is shown to be stable to serum protein albumin but unstable in intracellular conditions. A derivatised analogue underwent self-immolative degradation in cellular thiol conditions as evidenced by LC-MS/release of a turn-on fluorescence fluorophore; versatility of the thiol-pyridazinedione is demonstrated through synthesis of SMDC precursors that contain three different functional groups on the same central molecule.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dal Corso A, Borlandelli V, Corno C, Perego P, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Gennari C. Fast Cyclization of a Proline-Derived Self-Immolative Spacer Improves the Efficacy of Carbamate Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4176-4181. [PMID: 31881115 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Self-immolative (SI) spacers are sophisticated chemical constructs designed for molecular delivery or material degradation. We describe herein a (S)-2-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine SI spacer that is able to release different types of anticancer drugs (possessing either a phenolic or secondary and tertiary hydroxyl groups) through a fast cyclization mechanism involving carbamate cleavage. The high efficiency of drug release obtained with this spacer was found to be beneficial for the in vitro cytotoxic activity of protease-sensitive prodrugs, compared with a commonly used spacer of the same class. These findings expand the repertoire of degradation machineries and are instrumental for the future development of highly efficient delivery platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Borlandelli
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Corno
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dal Corso A, Borlandelli V, Corno C, Perego P, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Gennari C. Fast Cyclization of a Proline‐Derived Self‐Immolative Spacer Improves the Efficacy of Carbamate Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Valentina Borlandelli
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Cristina Corno
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Molecular Pharmacology Unit Department of Applied Research and Technological Development via Amadeo 42 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Molecular Pharmacology Unit Department of Applied Research and Technological Development via Amadeo 42 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ahn SH, Iuliano JN, Boros E. Trivalent metal complex geometry of the substrate governs cathepsin B enzymatic cleavage rate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7289-7292. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identity of the trivalent metal ion controls the rate of the enzymatic cleavage of a series of metal-complexed cathepsin B substrates. Increasing the distance between the metal complex and the enzyme cleavage site diminishes this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hye Ahn
- Department of Chemistry
- Stony Brook University
- 100 Nicolls Rd
- Stony Brook
- New York
| | - James N. Iuliano
- Department of Chemistry
- Stony Brook University
- 100 Nicolls Rd
- Stony Brook
- New York
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry
- Stony Brook University
- 100 Nicolls Rd
- Stony Brook
- New York
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Albatany M, Ostapchenko VG, Meakin S, Bartha R. Brain tumor acidification using drugs simultaneously targeting multiple pH regulatory mechanisms. J Neurooncol 2019; 144:453-462. [PMID: 31392597 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasively distinguishing aggressive from non-aggressive brain tumors is an important clinical challenge. Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation is essential for normal cell function and is normally maintained within a narrow range. Cancer cells are characterized by a reversed intracellular to extracellular pH gradient, compared to healthy cells, that is maintained by several distinct mechanisms. Previous studies have demonstrated acute pH modulation in glioblastoma detectable by chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after blocking individual pH regulatory mechanisms. The purpose of the current study was to simultaneously block five pH regulatory mechanisms while also providing glucose as an energy substrate. We hypothesized that this approach would increase the acute pH modulation effect allowing the identification of aggressive cancer. METHODS Using a 9.4 T MRI scanner, CEST spectra were acquired sensitive to pHi using amine/amide concentration independent detection (AACID). Twelve mice were scanned approximately 11 ± 1 days after implanting 105 U87 human glioblastoma multiforme cells in the brain, before and after intraperitoneal injection of a combination of five drugs (quercetin, cariporide, dichloroacetate, acetazolamide, and pantoprazole) with and without glucose. RESULTS Two hours after combination drug injection there was a significant 0.1 ± 0.03 increase in tumor AACID value corresponding to a 0.4 decrease in pHi. After injecting the drug combination with glucose the AACID value increased by 0.18 ± 0.03 corresponding to a 0.72 decrease in pHi. AACID values were also slightly increased in contralateral tissue. CONCLUSIONS The combined drug treatment with glucose produced a large acute CEST MRI contrast indicating tumor acidification, which could be used to help localize brain cancer and monitor tumor response to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Albatany
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N65B7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N65B7, Canada
| | - Valeriy G Ostapchenko
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N65B7, Canada
| | - Susan Meakin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N65B7, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N65B7, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N65B7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mermer A, Demirbas N, Cakmak U, Colak A, Demirbas A, Alagumuthu M, Arumugam S. Discovery of Novel Sulfonamide‐Based 5‐Arylidenerhodanines as Effective Carbonic Anhydrase (II) Inhibitors: Microwave‐Assisted and Ultrasound‐Assisted One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Anti‐CA II Screening Studies. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Mermer
- Department of ChemistryKaradeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey
| | - Neslihan Demirbas
- Department of ChemistryKaradeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey
| | - Ummuhan Cakmak
- Department of ChemistryKaradeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey
| | - Ahmet Colak
- Department of ChemistryKaradeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey
| | - Ahmet Demirbas
- Department of ChemistryKaradeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey
| | | | - Sivakumar Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio‐Science and TechnologyVIT Vellore India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Borbély A, Figueras E, Martins A, Esposito S, Auciello G, Monteagudo E, Di Marco A, Summa V, Cordella P, Perego R, Kemker I, Frese M, Gallinari P, Steinkühler C, Sewald N. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of RGD⁻Cryptophycin Conjugates for Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E151. [PMID: 30939768 PMCID: PMC6523311 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptophycins are potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors with picomolar antiproliferative potency in vitro and activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells. Because of neurotoxic side effects and limited efficacy in vivo, cryptophycin-52 failed as a clinical candidate in cancer treatment. However, this class of compounds has emerged as attractive payloads for tumor-targeting applications. In this study, cryptophycin was conjugated to the cyclopeptide c(RGDfK), targeting integrin αvβ₃, across the protease-cleavable Val-Cit linker and two different self-immolative spacers. Plasma metabolic stability studies in vitro showed that our selected payload displays an improved stability compared to the parent compound, while the stability of the conjugates is strongly influenced by the self-immolative moiety. Cathepsin B cleavage assays revealed that modifications in the linker lead to different drug release profiles. Antiproliferative effects of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)⁻cryptophycin conjugates were evaluated on M21 and M21-L human melanoma cell lines. The low nanomolar in vitro activity of the novel conjugates was associated with inferior selectivity for cell lines with different integrin αvβ₃ expression levels. To elucidate the drug delivery process, cryptophycin was replaced by an infrared dye and the obtained conjugates were studied by confocal microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adina Borbély
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Ana Martins
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
- Exiris s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano 100, IT-00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Esposito
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | - Giulio Auciello
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Summa
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | - Paola Cordella
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Via dei Lavoratori, 54, IT-20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milano), Italy.
| | - Raffaella Perego
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Via dei Lavoratori, 54, IT-20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milano), Italy.
| | - Isabell Kemker
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Paola Gallinari
- Exiris s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano 100, IT-00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Christian Steinkühler
- Exiris s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano 100, IT-00128 Rome, Italy.
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Via dei Lavoratori, 54, IT-20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milano), Italy.
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
White JB, Fleming R, Masterson L, Ruddle BT, Zhong H, Fazenbaker C, Strout P, Rosenthal K, Reed M, Muniz-Medina V, Howard P, Dixit R, Wu H, Hinrichs MJ, Gao C, Dimasi N. Design and characterization of homogenous antibody-drug conjugates with a drug-to-antibody ratio of one prepared using an engineered antibody and a dual-maleimide pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer. MAbs 2019; 11:500-515. [PMID: 30835621 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1578611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most strategies used to prepare homogeneous site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) result in ADCs with a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of two. Here, we report a disulfide re-bridging strategy to prepare homogeneous ADCs with DAR of one using a dual-maleimide pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer (SG3710) and an engineered antibody (Flexmab), which has only one intrachain disulfide bridge at the hinge. We demonstrate that SG3710 efficiently re-bridge a Flexmab targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and the resulting ADC was highly resistant to payload loss in serum and exhibited potent anti-tumor activity in a HER2-positive gastric carcinoma xenograft model. Moreover, this ADC was tolerated in rats at twice the dose compared to a site-specific ADC with DAR of two prepared using a single-maleimide PBD dimer (SG3249). Flexmab technologies, in combination with SG3710, provide a platform for generating site-specific homogenous PBD-based ADCs with DAR of one, which have improved biophysical properties and tolerability compared to conventional site-specific PBD-based ADCs with DAR of two.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason B White
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Ryan Fleming
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | | | - Ben T Ruddle
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Haihong Zhong
- c Oncology Research , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | | | - Patrick Strout
- c Oncology Research , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Kim Rosenthal
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Molly Reed
- d Biologics Safety Assessment , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | | | - Philip Howard
- b Spirogen Ltd , QMB Innovation Center , London , UK
| | - Rakesh Dixit
- d Biologics Safety Assessment , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Herren Wu
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | | | - Changshou Gao
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Nazzareno Dimasi
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sannino A, Gabriele E, Bigatti M, Mulatto S, Piazzi J, Scheuermann J, Neri D, Donckele EJ, Samain F. Quantitative Assessment of Affinity Selection Performance by Using DNA‐Encoded Chemical Libraries. Chembiochem 2019; 20:955-962. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Gabriele
- Philochem AG Libernstrasse 3 8112 Otelfingen Switzerland
| | | | - Sara Mulatto
- Philochem AG Libernstrasse 3 8112 Otelfingen Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Piazzi
- Philochem AG Libernstrasse 3 8112 Otelfingen Switzerland
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Florent Samain
- Philochem AG Libernstrasse 3 8112 Otelfingen Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhuang C, Guan X, Ma H, Cong H, Zhang W, Miao Z. Small molecule-drug conjugates: A novel strategy for cancer-targeted treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:883-895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
35
|
Raposo Moreira Dias A, Pina A, Dean A, Lerchen H, Caruso M, Gasparri F, Fraietta I, Troiani S, Arosio D, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Dal Corso A, Gennari C. Neutrophil Elastase Promotes Linker Cleavage and Paclitaxel Release from an Integrin-Targeted Conjugate. Chemistry 2019; 25:1696-1700. [PMID: 30452790 PMCID: PMC6471013 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work takes advantage of one of the hallmarks of cancer, that is, the presence of tumor infiltrating cells of the immune system and leukocyte-secreted enzymes, to promote the activation of an anticancer drug at the tumor site. The peptidomimetic integrin ligand cyclo(DKP-RGD) was found to accumulate on the surface of αv β3 integrin-expressing human renal cell carcinoma 786-O cells. The ligand was conjugated to the anticancer drug paclitaxel through a Asn-Pro-Val (NPV) tripeptide linker, which is a substrate of neutrophil-secreted elastase. In vitro linker cleavage assays and cell antiproliferative experiments demonstrate the efficacy of this tumor-targeting conjugate, opening the way to potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Pina
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | - Amelia Dean
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | | | - Michele Caruso
- Nerviano Medical SciencesViale Pasteur, 10I-20014NervianoItaly
| | - Fabio Gasparri
- Nerviano Medical SciencesViale Pasteur, 10I-20014NervianoItaly
| | - Ivan Fraietta
- Nerviano Medical SciencesViale Pasteur, 10I-20014NervianoItaly
| | - Sonia Troiani
- Nerviano Medical SciencesViale Pasteur, 10I-20014NervianoItaly
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bargh JD, Isidro-Llobet A, Parker JS, Spring DR. Cleavable linkers in antibody–drug conjugates. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4361-4374. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00676h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review summarises the advances in the field of cleavable linker technologies for antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy S. Parker
- Early Chemical Development
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- IMED Biotech Unit
- AstraZeneca
- Macclesfield
| | - David R. Spring
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cazzamalli S, Figueras E, Pethő L, Borbély A, Steinkühler C, Neri D, Sewald N. In Vivo Antitumor Activity of a Novel Acetazolamide-Cryptophycin Conjugate for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinomas. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14726-14731. [PMID: 30533574 PMCID: PMC6276201 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Traditional chemotherapeutics used in cancer therapy do not preferentially accumulate in tumor tissues. The conjugation to delivery vehicles like antibodies or small molecules has been proposed as a strategy to increase the tumor uptake and improve the therapeutic window of these drugs. Here, we report the synthesis and the biological evaluation of a novel small molecule-drug conjugate (SMDC) comprising a high-affinity bidentate acetazolamide derivative, targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), and cryptophycin, a potent microtubule destabilizer. The biological activity of the novel SMDC was evaluated in vitro, measuring binding to the CAIX antigen by surface plasmon resonance and cytotoxicity against SKRC-52 cells. In vivo studies showed a delayed growth of tumors in nude mice bearing SKRC-52 renal cell carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Cazzamalli
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lilla Pethő
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- MTA-ELTE
Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adina Borbély
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Dario Neri
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mermer A, Demirbas N, Colak A, Demir EA, Kulabas N, Demirbas A. One‐pot, Four‐Component Green Synthesis, Carbonic Anhydrase II Inhibition and Docking Studies of 5‐Arylidenerhodanines. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Mermer
- Karadeniz Technical UniversityDepartment of Chemistry 61080 Trabzon TURKEY
| | - Neslihan Demirbas
- Karadeniz Technical UniversityDepartment of Chemistry 61080 Trabzon TURKEY
| | - Ahmet Colak
- Karadeniz Technical UniversityDepartment of Chemistry 61080 Trabzon TURKEY
| | | | - Necla Kulabas
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyMarmara University Haydarpaşa 34668 İstanbul TURKEY
| | - Ahmet Demirbas
- Karadeniz Technical UniversityDepartment of Chemistry 61080 Trabzon TURKEY
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Staudacher AH, Li Y, Liapis V, Hou JJC, Chin D, Dolezal O, Adams TE, van Berkel PH, Brown MP. APOMAB Antibody–Drug Conjugates Targeting Dead Tumor Cells are Effective In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:335-345. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
40
|
Alsaab HO, Sau S, Alzhrani RM, Cheriyan VT, Polin LA, Vaishampayan U, Rishi AK, Iyer AK. Tumor hypoxia directed multimodal nanotherapy for overcoming drug resistance in renal cell carcinoma and reprogramming macrophages. Biomaterials 2018; 183:280-294. [PMID: 30179778 PMCID: PMC6414719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the significant clinical burden in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The development of drug resistance is attributed to many factors, including impairment of apoptosis, elevation of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX, a marker of tumor hypoxia), and infiltration of tumorigenic immune cells. To alleviate the drug resistance, we have used Sorafenib (Sor) in combination with tumor hypoxia directed nanoparticle (NP) loaded with a new class of apoptosis inducer, CFM 4.16 (C4.16), namely CA IX-C4.16. The NP is designed to selectively deliver the payload to the hypoxic tumor (core), provoke superior cell death in parental (WT) and Everolimus-resistant (Evr-res) RCC and selectively downmodulate tumorigenic M2-macrophage. Copper-free 'click' chemistry was utilized for conjugating SMA-TPGS with Acetazolamide (ATZ, a CA IX-specific targeting ligand). The NP was further tagged with a clinically approved NIR dye (S0456) for evaluating hypoxic tumor core penetration and organ distribution. Imaging of tumor spheroid treated with NIR dye-labeled CA IX-SMA-TPGS revealed remarkable tumor core penetration that was modulated by CA IX-mediated targeting in hypoxic-A498 RCC cells. The significant cell killing effect with synergistic combination index (CI) of CA IX-C4.16 and Sor treatment suggests efficient reversal of Evr-resistance in A498 cells. The CA IX directed nanoplatform in combination with Sor has shown multiple benefits in overcoming drug resistance through (i) inhibition of p-AKT, (ii) upregulation of tumoricidal M1 macrophages resulting in induction of caspase 3/7 mediated apoptosis of Evr-res A498 cells in macrophage-RCC co-culturing condition, (iii) significant in vitro and in vivo Evr-res A498 tumor growth inhibition as compared to individual therapy, and (iv) untraceable liver and kidney toxicity in mice. Near-infrared (NIR) imaging of CA IX-SMA-TPGS-S0456 in Evr-res A498 RCC model exhibited significant accumulation of CA IX-oligomer in tumor core with >3-fold higher tumor uptake as compared to control. In conclusion, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates versatile tumor hypoxia directed nanoplatform that can work in synergy with existing drugs for reversing drug-resistance in RCC accompanied with re-education of tumor-associated macrophages, that could be applied universally for several hypoxic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hashem O Alsaab
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 25671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Rami M Alzhrani
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 25671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lisa A Polin
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ulka Vaishampayan
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Rishi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mondal D, Ford J, Pinney KG. Improved Methodology for the Synthesis of a Cathepsin B Cleavable Dipeptide Linker, Widely Used in Antibody-Drug Conjugate Research. Tetrahedron Lett 2018; 59:3594-3599. [PMID: 31156276 PMCID: PMC6541422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent an emerging class of biopharmaceutical agents that deliver highly potent anticancer agents (payloads) selectively to tumors or components associated with the tumor microenvironment. The linker, responsible for the connection between the antibody and payload, is a crucial component of ADCs. In certain examples the linker is composed of a cleavable short peptide which imparts an additional aspect of selectivity. Especially prevalent is the cathepsin B cleavable Mc-Val-Cit-PABOH linker utilized in many pre-clinical ADC candidates, as well as the FDA approved ADC ADCETRIS® (brentuximab vedotin). An alternative route for the synthesis of the cathepsin B cleavable Mc-Val-Cit-PABOH linker is reported herein that involved six steps from l-Citrulline and proceeded with a 50% overall yield. In this modified route, the spacer (a para-aminobenzyl alcohol moiety) was incorporated via HATU coupling followed by dipeptide formation. Importantly, this route avoided undesirable epimerization and proceeded with improved overall yield. Utilizing this methodology, a drug-linker construct incorporating a potent small-molecule inhibitor of tubulin polymerization (referred to as KGP05), was synthesized as a representative example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deboprosad Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7438, United States
| | - Jacob Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7438, United States
| | - Kevin G Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7438, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Anami Y, Yamazaki CM, Xiong W, Gui X, Zhang N, An Z, Tsuchikama K. Glutamic acid-valine-citrulline linkers ensure stability and efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates in mice. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2512. [PMID: 29955061 PMCID: PMC6023893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Valine-citrulline linkers are commonly used as enzymatically cleavable linkers for antibody-drug conjugates. While stable in human plasma, these linkers are unstable in mouse plasma due to susceptibility to an extracellular carboxylesterase. This instability often triggers premature release of drugs in mouse circulation, presenting a molecular design challenge. Here, we report that an antibody-drug conjugate with glutamic acid-valine-citrulline linkers is responsive to enzymatic drug release but undergoes almost no premature cleavage in mice. We demonstrate that this construct exhibits greater treatment efficacy in mouse tumor models than does a valine-citrulline-based variant. Notably, our antibody-drug conjugate contains long spacers facilitating the protease access to the linker moiety, indicating that our linker assures high in vivo stability despite a high degree of exposure. This technology could add flexibility to antibody-drug conjugate design and help minimize failure rates in pre-clinical studies caused by linker instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Chisato M Yamazaki
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gao H, Dong H, Li G, Jin H. Combined treatment with acetazolamide and cisplatin enhances chemosensitivity in laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9299-9306. [PMID: 29928333 PMCID: PMC6004654 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether acetazolamide (Ace) treatment enhances the chemosensitivity of Hep-2 laryngeal cells to cisplatin (Cis). At the logarithmic growth phase, Hep-2 cells were treated with Ace, Cis or both, and cell viability was detected using an MTT assay. The degree of apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, including BCL2 apoptosis regulator (bcl-2), BCL2 associated X (bax) and caspase-3, and of proliferation-related proteins, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and tumor protein p53 (P53), were detected using western blotting. mRNA expression levels of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in each group were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the drugs used alone, treatment with both Ace and Cis displayed synergistic effects on the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in Hep-2 cells. The Ace/Cis combination decreased the expression of PCNA but increased the expression of p53. In addition, the combination treatment decreased the ratio of bcl-2/bax and increased the expression of caspase-3, as well as decreased the expression of AQP1. These results demonstrated that the combined use of Ace and Cis enhanced the chemosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Hai Dong
- Tonghua Mining Group Limited Liability Company General Hospital, Baishan, Jilin 134300, P.R. China
| | - Guijun Li
- Tonghua Mining Group Limited Liability Company General Hospital, Baishan, Jilin 134300, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cazzamalli S, Ziffels B, Widmayer F, Murer P, Pellegrini G, Pretto F, Wulhfard S, Neri D. Enhanced Therapeutic Activity of Non-Internalizing Small-Molecule-Drug Conjugates Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Combination with Targeted Interleukin-2. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3656-3667. [PMID: 29691298 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Antibody-drug conjugates and small-molecule-drug conjugates have been proposed as alternatives to conventional anticancer cytotoxic agents, with the potential to deliver bioactive payloads to the site of disease, helping spare normal tissues.Experimental Design: Here, we describe a novel small-molecule-drug conjugate, based on a high-affinity ligand specific to carbonic anhydrase IX. The product featured a peptidic linker, suitable for cleavage in the tumor extracellular environment, and monomethyl auristatin E as cytotoxic payload.Results: A potent anticancer activity was observed in nude mice bearing SKRC-52 renal cell carcinoma xenografts, but no durable complete responses could be observed in this model. However, when the product was administered together with L19-IL2 (a clinical-stage fusion protein capable of delivering IL2 to the tumor neovasculature), all treated mice in the combination group could be rendered tumor free, in a process that favored the influx of natural killer cells into the tumor mass. The combination of L19-IL2 and the new small-molecule-drug conjugate also eradicated cancer in 100% of immunocompetent mice, bearing subcutaneously grafted CT26 colorectal cancer cells, which stably expressed carbonic anhydrase IX.Conclusions: These findings may be of clinical significance, because carbonic anhydrase IX is overexpressed in the majority of clear cell renal cell carcinomas and in approximately 30% of colorectal cancers. The targeted delivery of IL2 helps potentiate the action of targeted cytotoxics, leading to cancer eradication in models that cannot be cured by conventional chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3656-67. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Cazzamalli
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Ziffels
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fontaine Widmayer
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Murer
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dario Neri
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cazzamalli S, Dal Corso A, Widmayer F, Neri D. Chemically Defined Antibody- and Small Molecule-Drug Conjugates for in Vivo Tumor Targeting Applications: A Comparative Analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1617-1621. [PMID: 29342352 PMCID: PMC5844464 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present the first direct comparative evaluation of an antibody-drug conjugate and of a small molecule-drug conjugate for cancer therapy, using chemically defined products which bind with high-affinity to carbonic anhydrase IX, a marker of tumor hypoxia and of renal cell carcinoma.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carbonic Anhydrase IX/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carbonic Anhydrase IX/metabolism
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
- Tumor Hypoxia/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Cazzamalli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
| | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
| | - Fontaine Widmayer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Staudacher AH, Brown MP. Antibody drug conjugates and bystander killing: is antigen-dependent internalisation required? Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1736-1742. [PMID: 29065110 PMCID: PMC5729478 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) employ the exquisite specificity of tumour-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for the targeted delivery of highly potent cytotoxic drugs to the tumour site. The chemistry of the linker, which connects the drug to the mAb, determines how and when the drug is released from the mAb. This, as well as the chemistry of the drug, can dictate whether the drug can diffuse into surrounding cells, resulting in 'bystander killing'. Initially, any bystander killing mechanism of action of an ADC was understood to involve an essential sequence of steps beginning with surface antigen targeting, internalisation, intracellular linker cleavage, drug release, and diffusion of drug away from the targeted cell. However, recent studies indicate that, depending on the linker and drug combination, this mechanism may not be essential and ADCs can be cleaved extracellularly or via other mechanisms. In this minireview, we will examine the role of bystander killing by ADCs and explore the emerging evidence of how this can occur independently of internalisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael P Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kazokaitė J, Aspatwar A, Parkkila S, Matulis D. An update on anticancer drug development and delivery targeting carbonic anhydrase IX. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4068. [PMID: 29181278 PMCID: PMC5702504 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is up-regulated in many types of solid tumors in humans under hypoxic and acidic microenvironment. Inhibition of CA IX enzymatic activity with selective inhibitors, antibodies or labeled probes has been shown to reverse the acidic environment of solid tumors and reduce the tumor growth establishing the significant role of CA IX in tumorigenesis. Thus, the development of potent antitumor drugs targeting CA IX with minimal toxic effects is important for the target-specific tumor therapy. Recently, several promising antitumor agents against CA IX have been developed to treat certain types of cancers in combination with radiation and chemotherapy. Here we review the inhibition of CA IX by small molecule compounds and monoclonal antibodies. The methods of enzymatic assays, biophysical methods, animal models including zebrafish and Xenopus oocytes, and techniques of diagnostic imaging to detect hypoxic tumors using CA IX-targeted conjugates are discussed with the aim to overview the recent progress related to novel therapeutic agents that target CA IX in hypoxic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justina Kazokaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Life sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Life sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Raposo Moreira Dias A, Pina A, Dal Corso A, Arosio D, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Caruso M, Gennari C. Multivalency Increases the Binding Strength of RGD Peptidomimetic-Paclitaxel Conjugates to Integrin α V β 3. Chemistry 2017; 23:14410-14415. [PMID: 28816404 PMCID: PMC5656903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis of three multimeric RGD peptidomimetic‐paclitaxel conjugates featuring a number of αVβ3 integrin ligands ranging from 2 to 4. These constructs were assembled by conjugation of the integrin αVβ3 ligand cyclo[DKP‐RGD]‐CH2NH2 with paclitaxel via a 2′‐carbamate with a self‐immolative spacer, the lysosomally cleavable Val‐Ala dipeptide linker, a multimeric scaffold, a triazole linkage, and finally a PEG spacer. Two monomeric conjugates were also synthesized as reference compounds. Remarkably, the new multimeric conjugates showed a binding affinity for the purified integrin αVβ3 receptor that increased with the number of integrin ligands (reaching a minimum IC50 value of 1.2 nm for the trimeric), thus demonstrating that multivalency is an effective strategy to strengthen the ligand–target interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Raposo Moreira Dias
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072
| | - Arianna Pina
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072
| | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072.,CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072
| | - Michele Caruso
- Nerviano Medical Sciences, Viale Pasteur, 10, 20014, Nerviano, Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy), Fax: (+39) 02-5031-4072.,CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dal Corso A, Gébleux R, Murer P, Soltermann A, Neri D. A non-internalizing antibody-drug conjugate based on an anthracycline payload displays potent therapeutic activity in vivo. J Control Release 2017; 264:211-218. [PMID: 28867376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates are generally believed to crucially rely on internalization into cancer cells for therapeutic activity. Here, we show that a non-internalizing antibody-drug conjugate, based on the F16 antibody specific to the alternatively spliced A1 domain of tenascin-C, mediates a potent therapeutic activity when equipped with the anthracycline PNU159682. The peptide linker, connecting the F16 antibody in IgG format at a specific cysteine residue to the drug, was stable in serum but could be efficiently cleaved in the subendothelial extracellular matrix by proteases released by the dying tumor cells. The results indicate that there may be a broader potential applicability of non-internalizing antibody-drug conjugates for cancer therapy than what had previously been assumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Gébleux
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Murer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang Y, Fan S, Zhong W, Zhou X, Li S. Development and Properties of Valine-Alanine based Antibody-Drug Conjugates with Monomethyl Auristatin E as the Potent Payload. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091860. [PMID: 28841157 PMCID: PMC5618509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), designed to selectively deliver cytotoxic agents to antigen-bearing cells, are poised to become an important class of cancer therapeutics. Human epithelial growth factor receptor (HER2) is considered an effective target for cancer treatment, and a HER2-targeting ADC has shown promising results. Most ADCs undergoing clinical evaluation contain linkers that have a lysosomal protease-cleavable dipeptide, of which the most common is valine-citrulline (VC). However, valine-alanine (VA), another dipeptide comprising two human essential amino acids, has been used in next generation ADCs loading new toxins, but the druggable properties of ADCs loaded the most popular monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) remain to be further explored. In this study, we generated VA-based ADCs that connected MMAE to an anti-HER2 antibody. We studied the differences in the preparation process, in vitro stability, cathepsin B activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of VA-based ADC compared to the ADC of VC. VA had comparable performance to VC, which preliminarily displays its practicability. Additional efficacy and safety studies in a xenograft model indicate this novel ADC exerted potent anti-tumor activity and negligible toxicity. The results of this study show the application potential of VA-based ADC with MMAE as the payload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
- Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design & Discovery, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Shiyong Fan
- Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design & Discovery, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Wu Zhong
- Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design & Discovery, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xinbo Zhou
- Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design & Discovery, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Song Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
- Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design & Discovery, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|