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Al Qahtani M, AlFulayyih SF, Al Baridi SS, Alomar SA, Alshammari AN, Albuaijan RJ, Uddin MS. Exploring the Impact of Antibiotics on Fever Recovery Time and Hospital Stays in Children with Viral Infections: Insights from Advanced Data Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:518. [PMID: 38927184 PMCID: PMC11200729 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic overuse in pediatric patients with upper respiratory tract infections (UR-TIs) raises concerns about antimicrobial resistance. This study examines the impact of antibiotics on hospital stay duration and fever resolution in pediatric patients diagnosed with viral infections via a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respiratory panel. Methods: In the pediatric ward of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, a retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on pediatric patients with viral infections confirmed by nasopharyngeal aspirates from October 2016 to December 2021. Cohorts receiving antibiotics versus those not receiving them were balanced using the gradient boosting machine (GBM) technique for propensity score matching. Results: Among 238 patients, human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV) was most common (44.5%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (18.1%). Co-infections occurred in 8.4% of cases. Antibiotic administration increased hospital length of stay (LOS) by an average of 2.19 days (p-value: 0.00). Diarrhea reduced LOS by 2.26 days, and higher albumin levels reduced LOS by 0.40 days. Fever and CRP levels had no significant effect on LOS. Time to recovery from fever showed no significant difference between antibiotic-free (Abx0) and antibiotic-received (Abx1) groups (p-value: 0.391), with a hazard ratio of 0.84 (CI: 0.57-1.2). Conclusions: Antibiotics did not expedite recovery but were associated with longer hospital stays in pediatric patients with acute viral respiratory infections. Clinicians should exercise caution in prescribing antibiotics to pediatric patients with confirmed viral infections, especially when non-critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed Shahab Uddin
- Department of Pediatric, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Dammam 31412, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.Q.); (S.F.A.); (S.S.A.B.); (S.A.A.); (A.N.A.); (R.J.A.)
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Qian W, Wang X, Wang T, Huang J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen S. Development of RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay for rapid and reliable detection of human bocavirus 1. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:179-188. [PMID: 36794352 PMCID: PMC11079142 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) 1 is considered an important pathogen that mainly affects infants aged 6-24 months, but preventing viral transmission in resource-limited regions through rapid and affordable on-site diagnosis of individuals with early infection of HBoV1 remains somewhat challenging. Herein, we present a novel faster, lower cost, reliable method for the detection of HBoV1, which integrates a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay with the CRISPR/Cas12a system, designated the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay. The RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence system can specifically detect target gene levels as low as 0.5 copies of HBoV1 plasmid DNA per microliter within 40 min at 37°C without the need for sophisticated instruments. The method also demonstrates excellent specificity without cross-reactivity to non-target pathogens. Furthermore, the method was appraised using 28 clinical samples, and displayed high accuracy with positive and negative predictive agreement of 90.9% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, our proposed rapid and sensitive HBoV1 detection method, the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay, shows promising potential for early on-site diagnosis of HBoV1 infection in the fields of public health and health care. The established RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay is rapid and reliable method for human bocavirus 1 detection. The RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay can be completed within 40 min with robust specificity and sensitivity of 0.5 copies/μl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anP. R. China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anP. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anP. R. China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anP. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of DermatologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionNingboP. R. China
| | - Si Chen
- Medical College of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
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Colazo Salbetti MB, Boggio GA, Moreno L, Adamo MP. Human bocavirus respiratory infection: Tracing the path from viral replication and virus-cell interactions to diagnostic methods. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2482. [PMID: 37749807 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Human bocaviruses were first described between 2005 and 2010, identified in respiratory and enteric tract samples of children. Screening studies have shown worldwide distribution. Based on phylogenetic analysis, they were classified into four genotypes (HBoV1-4). From a clinical perspective, human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is considered the most relevant, since it can cause upper and lower acute respiratory tract infection, mainly in infants, including common cold, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, as well as wheezing in susceptible patients. However, the specific processes leading to structural, biochemical, and functional changes resulting in the different clinical presentations have not been elucidated yet. This review surveys the interactions between the virus and target cells that can potentially explain disease-causing mechanisms. It also summarises the clinical phenotype of cases, stressing the role of HBoV1 as an aetiological agent of lower acute respiratory infection in infants, together with laboratory tests for detection and diagnosis. By exploring the current knowledge on the epidemiology of HBoV1, insights into the complex scenario of paediatric respiratory infections are presented, as well as the potential effects that changes in the circulation can have on the dynamics of respiratory agents, spotlighting the benefits of comprehensively increase insights into incidence, interrelationships with co-circulating agents and potential control of HBoV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Colazo Salbetti
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Amilcar Boggio
- Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Moreno
- Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - María Pilar Adamo
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
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Malveste Ito CR, Moreira ALE, Silva PAND, Santos MDO, Santos APD, Rézio GS, Brito PND, Rezende APC, Fonseca JG, Peixoto FADO, Wastowski IJ, Goes VM, Estrela MC, Souza PZD, Carneiro LC, Avelino MAG. Viral Coinfection of Children Hospitalized with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051402. [PMID: 37239073 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The main pathogens of severe respiratory infection in children are respiratory viruses, and the current molecular technology allows for a rapid and simultaneous detection of a wide spectrum of these viral pathogens, facilitating the diagnosis and evaluation of viral coinfection. METHODS This study was conducted between March 2020 and December 2021. All children admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of SARI and who were tested by polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory viral pathogens were included in the study. RESULTS The result of the viral panel identified 446 children, with one infected with a single virus and 160 co-infected with two or more viruses. This study employed descriptive analyses, where a total of twenty-two coinfections among SARI-causing viruses were identified. Thus, the five most frequent coinfections that were selected for the study are: hRV/SARS-CoV-2 (17.91%), hRV/RSV (14.18%), RSV/SARS-CoV-2 (12.69%), hRV/BoV (10.45%), and hRV/AdV (8.21%). The most significant age group was 38.1%, representing patients aged between 24 and 59 months (61 individuals). Patients older than 59 months represented a total of 27.5%, comprising forty-four patients. The use of oxygen therapy was statistically significant in coinfections with Bocavirus, other CoVs, Metapneumovirus, and RSV. Coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 and the other different coinfections presented a similar time of use of oxygen therapy with a value of (p > 0.05). In the year 2020, hRV/BoV was more frequent in relation to other types of coinfections, representing a total of 35.1%. The year 2021 presented a divergent profile, with hRV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection being the most frequent (30.8%), followed by hRV/RSV (28.2%). Additionally, 25.6% and 15.4% represented coinfections between RSV/SARS-CoV-2 and hRV/AdV, respectively. We saw that two of the patients coinfected with hRV/SARS-CoV-2 died, representing 9.52% of all deaths in the study. In addition, both hRV/hBoV and hRV/RSV had death records for each case, representing 8.33% and 6.67% of all deaths, respectively. CONCLUSION Coinfections with respiratory viruses, such as RSV and hBoV, can increase the severity of the disease in children with SARI who are admitted to the ICU, and children infected with SARS-CoV-2 have their clinical condition worsened when they have comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Regina Malveste Ito
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 St. Leste Universitário, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - André Luís Elias Moreira
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 St. Leste Universitário, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo Alex Neves da Silva
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 St. Leste Universitário, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Mônica de Oliveira Santos
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 St. Leste Universitário, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Adailton Pereira Dos Santos
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 St. Leste Universitário, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Geovana Sôffa Rézio
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Anhanguera Avenue, 14.527-Santos Dumont, Goiânia 74463-350, GO, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna Neta de Brito
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Anhanguera Avenue, 14.527-Santos Dumont, Goiânia 74463-350, GO, Brazil
| | - Alana Parreira Costa Rezende
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Anhanguera Avenue, 14.527-Santos Dumont, Goiânia 74463-350, GO, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Godinho Fonseca
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Anhanguera Avenue, 14.527-Santos Dumont, Goiânia 74463-350, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Jubé Wastowski
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Goiás State University, Laranjeiras Unity Prof. Alfredo de Castro St., 9175, Parque das Laranjeiras, Goiânia 74855-130, GO, Brazil
| | - Viviane Monteiro Goes
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Paraná (IBMP), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader St, 3775-Industrial City of Curitiba, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariely Cordeiro Estrela
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Paraná (IBMP), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader St, 3775-Industrial City of Curitiba, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
| | - Priscila Zanette de Souza
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Paraná (IBMP), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader St, 3775-Industrial City of Curitiba, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
| | - Lilian Carla Carneiro
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, 235 St. Leste Universitário, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Melissa Ameloti Gomes Avelino
- Departament of Pediatrics, Federal University of Goiás, Universitaria Avenue, Leste Universitário, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
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Trapani S, Caporizzi A, Ricci S, Indolfi G. Human Bocavirus in Childhood: A True Respiratory Pathogen or a "Passenger" Virus? A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1243. [PMID: 37317217 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, human bocavirus (HBoV) has appeared as an emerging pathogen, with an increasing number of cases reported worldwide. HBoV is mainly associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults and children. However, its role as a respiratory pathogen is still not fully understood. It has been reported both as a co-infectious agent (predominantly with respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and adenovirus), and as an isolated viral pathogen during respiratory tract infections. It has also been found in asymptomatic subjects. The authors review the available literature on the epidemiology of HBoV, the underlying risk factors associated with infection, the virus's transmission, and its pathogenicity as a single pathogen and in co-infections, as well as the current hypothesis about the host's immune response. An update on different HBoV detection methods is provided, including the use of quantitative single or multiplex molecular methods (screening panels) on nasopharyngeal swabs or respiratory secretions, tissue biopsies, serum tests, and metagenomic next-generations sequencing in serum and respiratory secretions. The clinical features of infection, mainly regarding the respiratory tract but also, though rarely, the gastrointestinal one, are extensively described. Furthermore, a specific focus is dedicated to severe HBoV infections requiring hospitalization, oxygen therapy, and/or intensive care in the pediatric age; rare fatal cases have also been reported. Data on tissue viral persistence, reactivation, and reinfection are evaluated. A comparison of the clinical characteristics of single infection and viral or bacterial co-infections with high or low HBoV rates is carried out to establish the real burden of HBoV disease in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Trapani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Caporizzi
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Ricci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Kara Y, Kizil MC, Arslanoglu MO, Kacmaz E, Dalokay N, Pala E, Kiral E, Bozan G, Us T, Kiliç O, Dinleyici EC. Unexpected Severe Bocavirus Infections among Hospitalized Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J PEDIAT INF DIS-GER 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective Acute respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Although human bocavirus (HBoV) infections are not as common as other seasonal respiratory viruses, children who are infected with HBoV are more likely to suffer from a variety of respiratory conditions, including the common cold, acute otitis media, asthma exacerbations, bronchiolitis pneumonia, some of the affected children require pediatric intensive care unit stay. Here, we aimed to evaluate pediatric bocavirus (HBoV) cases presenting with severe respiratory tract symptoms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods This retrospective study evaluated the medical records of children diagnosed with respiratory infections, followed up at the Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University between September 2021 and March 2022. In this study, patients with HBoV identified using nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were considered positive. Cases were analyzed retrospectively for their clinical characteristics.
Results This study included 54 children (29 girls and 25 boys) with HBoV in nasopharyngeal PCR samples. The cases ranged in age from 1 month to 72 months (median 25 months). At the time of presentation, cough, fever, and respiratory distress were the most prevalent symptoms. Hyperinflation (48%), pneumonic consolidation (42%), and pneumothorax–pneumomediastinum (7%) were observed on the chest X-ray; 54% of the children required intensive care unit stay. The median length of hospitalization was 6 days. Bacterial coinfection was detected in 7 (17%) children, while HBoV and other viruses were present in 20 (37%) children; 57% of children received supplemental oxygen by mask, 24% high-flow nasal oxygen, 7% continuous positive airway pressure, and 9% invasive mechanical ventilation support. Antibiotics were given to 34 (63%) cases, and systemic steroid treatment was given to 41 (76%) cases. Chest tubes were inserted in three out of the four cases with pneumothorax–pneumomediastinum. All patients were recovered and were discharged from the hospital.
Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic changed the epidemiology of seasonal respiratory viruses and the clinical course of the diseases. Although it usually causes mild symptoms, severe respiratory symptoms can lead to life-threatening illnesses requiring intensive care admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Kara
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Mahmut Can Kizil
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Ozgur Arslanoglu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Kacmaz
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Nidai Dalokay
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Ezgi Pala
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Eylem Kiral
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Gürkan Bozan
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Tercan Us
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Omer Kiliç
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Ener Cagri Dinleyici
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye
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Polo D, Lema A, Gándara E, Romalde JL. Prevalence of human bocavirus infections in Europe. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2451-2461. [PMID: 34250765 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human bocaviruses (HBoVs) are recently described as human emergent viruses, especially in young children. In this study, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate their prevalence in Europe. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically screened for clinical studies, up to October 2020. Study eligibility criteria were primary full-text articles from clinical studies, conducted using valid screening test methods and published in peer-reviewed journals, in English or Spanish and from European countries. The overall pooled prevalence, prevalence by country as well as the prevalence of HBoV as a single or co-pathogen were estimated using a random-effects model. Sub-group and meta-regression analyses explored potential sources of heterogeneity in the data. A total of 35 studies involving 32,656 subjects from 16 European countries met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity (I2 = 97.0%, p < .01) was seen among studies; HBoV prevalence varied from 2.0 to 45.69% with a pooled estimate of 9.57% (95%CI 7.66-11.91%). The HBoV prevalence both as a single infection (3.99%; 95%CI 2.99-5.31%) or as co-infection with other viruses (5.06%; 95%CI 3.88-6.58%) was also analysed. On a geographic level, prevalence by country did not show statistical differences, ranging from 3.24% (Greece) to 21.05% (Denmark). An odds ratio analysis was also included in order to evaluate the relevance of the variable 'age' as a risk factor of HBoV infection in children <5 years old. The OR value of 1.77 (95%CI 1.13-2.77; p < .01) indicated that being <5 years old is a risk factor for HBoV infection. This study showed that HBoV has a moderate prevalence among European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology & CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Lema
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology & CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Enia Gándara
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology & CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology & CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Yan Z, Deng X, Qiu J. Human Bocavirus 1 Infection of Well-Differentiated Human Airway Epithelium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 58:e107. [PMID: 32639683 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a small DNA virus that belongs to the Bocaparvovirus genus of the Parvoviridae family. HBoV1 is a common respiratory pathogen that causes mild to life-threatening acute respiratory tract infections in children and immunocompromised individuals, infecting both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. HBoV1 infection causes death of airway epithelial cells, resulting in airway injury and inflammation. In vitro, HBoV1 only infects well-differentiated (polarized) human airway epithelium cultured at an air-liquid interface (HAE-ALI), but not any dividing human cells. A full-length HBoV1 genome of 5543 nucleotides has been cloned from DNA extracted from a human nasopharyngeal swab into a plasmid called HBoV1 infectious clone pIHBoV1. Transfection of pIHBoV1 replicates efficiently in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and produces virions that are highly infectious. This article describes protocols for production of HBoV1 in HEK293 cells, generation of HAE-ALI cultures, and infection with HBoV1 in HAE-ALI. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Human bocavirus 1 production in HEK293 cells Support Protocol 1: HEK293 cell culture and transfection Support Protocol 2: Quantification of human bocavirus 1 using real-time quantitative PCR Basic Protocol 2: Differentiation of human airway cells at an air-liquid interface Support Protocol 3: Expansion of human airway epithelial cell line CuFi-8 Support Protocol 4: Expansion of human airway basal cells Support Protocol 5: Coating of plastic dishes and permeable membranes of inserts Support Protocol 6: Transepithelial electrical resistance measurement Basic Protocol 3: Human bocavirus 1 infection in human airway epithelium cultured at an air-liquid interface Support Protocol 7: Isolation of infected human airway epithelium cells from inserts Basic Protocol 4: Transduction of airway basal cells with lentiviral vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Xuefeng Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Sobkowiak P, Mikoś M, Bręborowicz A, Szczepankiewicz A. Human bocavirus and metapneumovirus in acute wheezing in children-Is there a link with atopy? CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2020; 14:1201-1207. [PMID: 32790902 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of acute wheezing in children with a significant risk of hospital admission, risk of recurrence and subsequent asthma. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (RV) in childhood wheezing are widely studied; however, accessible PCR assays enabled diagnosis of other pathogens, including bocavirus (hBOV) and metapneumovirus (hMPV). OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute wheezing along with demographic and clinical data. METHODS We enrolled 101 children, n = 50 (49.5%) with wheezy bronchitis, n = 34 (33.7%) with acute bronchiolitis and n = 17 (16.8%) with exacerbation of asthma; (median age 1.41 ± 2.84 years). Multiplex real-time PCR assay was used for virus detection. RESULTS One or more viruses were detected in 83.2% subjects: RSV in 44.6%, followed by RV (23.8%), hBOV and hMPV (both 11.9%); other viruses were less frequent (<8%). Viral coinfection was found in 38 (37.6%) of children. ANCOVA analysis revealed significantly higher total IgE concentrations in the hMPV-positive subgroup compared to RSV (34 kU/L vs 12.7 kU/L; P = .009) and RV (13.3 kU/L, P = .022). For both hMPV and hBOV an association with atopic dermatitis (AD) was observed: aOR for hMPV and AD was 5.6 (95%CI: 1.4-22.7; P = .016) and 4.7 for hBOV and AD (95%CI: 1.3-18; P = .024). CONCLUSION Viral detection ratio in wheezy respiratory tract infections in Polish children is high (83.2%), with both hBOV and hMPV at 11.9% The results also suggest possible relationship of hBOV wheezy infection with nonspecific markers of atopy in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sobkowiak
- Department of Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Mikoś
- Department of Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bręborowicz
- Department of Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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10
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Falahi S, Sayyadi H, Abdoli A, Kenarkoohi A, Mohammadi S. The prevalence of human bocavirus in <2-year-old children with acute bronchiolitis. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 37:100736. [PMID: 32983545 PMCID: PMC7493080 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute bronchiolitis is one of the most common lower respiratory tract infections in children with less than 2 years of age. Nowadays, molecular methods provide an opportunity to better understand the etiology of bronchiolitis. Several viral agents including Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Rhinovirus, Parainfluenza and Human bocavirus (HBoV) are responsible for acute bronchiolitis. There are growing studies on the prevalence of HBoV in patients with bronchiolitis. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the pooled prevalence of HBoV in the respiratory samples of children with acute bronchiolitis. A literature search was conducted in the databases of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to recruit studies reporting the frequency of HBoV in <2-year-old children with acute bronchiolitis from 2005 to 2019. Only studies that used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods to detect the virus in nasopharyngeal samples were included. A total of 22 studies assessing 6751 cases were analyzed. According to the meta-analysis based on the random-effects model, the overall prevalence of HBoV in children with <2 years old was obtained 13% (95% CI: 0.09-0.17). Additionally, the rates of single (as the sole organism) and mixed (in combination with other viruses) HBoV infections were 4% and 9%, respectively. This study showed a high rate of HBoV detection in children with acute bronchiolitis. This should be considered as part of a diagnostic test panel for respiratory infections in children with bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Falahi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - H. Sayyadi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - A. Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Centre, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - A. Kenarkoohi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - S. Mohammadi
- Department of Operating Room, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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11
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Abozahra R, Abdelhamid SM, Khairy K, Baraka K. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Human bocavirus in children diagnosed with acute respiratory tract infection. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:1197-1202. [PMID: 32812862 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a recently discovered parvovirus; it has been shown to be a common cause of respiratory infections and gastroenteritis in children. Since its identification, HBoV has been detected worldwide in nasopharyngeal swabs, serum and stool samples particularly those obtained from young children suffering from respiratory or gastrointestinal tract infections.Aim. The aim of this work was to determine HBoV prevalence among children with acute respiratory tract infection in Egypt, to detect the most prevalent HBoV genotype and to compare PCR and ELISA as diagnostic techniques for HBoV infection.Methods. Nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were obtained within the first day of admission from 75 children diagnosed with acute respiratory tract infection in El-Shatby University Hospital for Children in Alexandria, Egypt from October 2018 to March 2019. Conventional PCR was used to detect HBoV DNA, ELISA was used to detect HBoV IgM antibodies and sequencing of the VP1/2 genes was used for genotyping.Results. Seven (9.3%) of the 75 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from patients with acute respiratory tract infection were positive for HBoV by PCR, while 5 (6.7 %) of the 75 serum samples were positive for HBoV IgM antibodies using ELISA. The correlation between PCR and ELISA results showed a highly significant association between PCR and ELISA techniques (X 2=52.041, P<0.01) and a highly significant agreement between the two methods (Kappa=81.9 %, P<0.01). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all positive samples were related to the HBoV-1 genotype.Conclusion. Human bocavirus was detected at 9.3 % prevalence in nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from children with acute respiratory tract infection. The HBoV-1 genotype was the only genotype detected, suggesting that a single genetic lineage of HBoV is circulating in Egypt. PCR and ELISA are two reliable methods for detection and diagnosis of HBoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Abozahra
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Sarah M Abdelhamid
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Karim Khairy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kholoud Baraka
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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12
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Mohammadi M, Armin S, Yazdanpour Z. Human bocavirus infections and co-infections with respiratory syncytial virus and Rotavirus in children with acute respiratory or gastrointestinal disease. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:45-51. [PMID: 31522356 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and seasonal distributions of HBoV detections among Iranian children presenting with acute respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms and to compare infections among children with concomitant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rotavirus (RV) infections. A cross-sectional study at Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran, enrolled children < 3 years old presenting with either acute respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms during the period of 2017-2018. Respiratory or stool specimens collected from each group were initially tested by RT-PCR assays for RSV and RV, respectively, and all specimens were tested for HBoV by PCR assay. Clinical and demographic data were collected and statistically compared. Five hundred respiratory and stool specimens each were tested and 67 (13.4%) and 72 (14.4%) were PCR positive for HBoV, respectively. Of 128 (25.6%) respiratory specimens positive for RSV, 65% were also positive for HBoV (p = 0.019); of 169 (33.8%) stool specimens positive for RV, 62.5% were also positive for HBoV (p = 0.023). Peak circulation of all viruses was during late winter and early spring months (Jan-Mar) in gastrointestinal infections and during winter (Feb-Jan) in respiratory infections. HBoV is commonly detected among Iranian children presenting with acute respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms and is often present as co-infections with RSV and RV, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Shahnaz Armin
- Pediatric Infections Research Center (PIRC), Mofd Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. of Iran
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13
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Costa BCL, Dábilla NAS, Almeida TN, Fiaccadori FS, de Souza TT, das Dores de Paula Cardoso D, de Moraes Arantes A, Souza M. Human bocavirus detection and quantification in fecal and serum specimens from recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A longitudinal study. J Med Virol 2019; 94:594-600. [PMID: 30982975 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of human bocavirus (HBoV) and to determine viral loads in samples of patients admitted for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS Fecal and serum samples were collected from 19 patients, during a 24-month period. Samples were screened by quantitative polymerase chain reaction TaqMan assay, with specific probe and primers targeting the NP1 gene of all HBoVs genotypes (HBoV-1 to - 4), and viral loads were determined using serial dilutions of a recombinant plasmid. RESULTS HBoV DNA was detected in 42.1% (8 of 19) of the patients in at least one type of sample (feces and/or serum) during the study period, with 75% (6 of 8) of the patients being positive in both types of sample. Viral shedding in feces had a median of 26 days (range, 5 to 121) and viremia was detected in 87.5% (7 of 8) of the patients. The HBoV loads in fecal samples were higher than in sera and, in most cases, HBoV was detected earlier in fecal than in sera samples. In six HBoV-positive patients (6 of 8) diarrhea was observed concomitantly to viral detection in fecal samples. CONCLUSIONS A high frequency and loads of HBoV in allo-HSCT recipients was observed, especially in fecal samples. Positivity in fecal samples was an early predictor of HBoV presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno Câmara Lopes Costa
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nathânia Alves Silva Dábilla
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Tâmera Nunes Almeida
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Souza Fiaccadori
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Teresinha Teixeira de Souza
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Divina das Dores de Paula Cardoso
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Menira Souza
- Laboratory of Virology and Cell Culture, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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14
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Pochon C, Voigt S. Respiratory Virus Infections in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3294. [PMID: 30687278 PMCID: PMC6333648 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly immunocompromised pediatric and adult hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients frequently experience respiratory infections caused by viruses that are less virulent in immunocompetent individuals. Most of these infections, with the exception of rhinovirus as well as adenovirus and parainfluenza virus in tropical areas, are seasonal variable and occur before and after HCT. Infectious disease management includes sampling of respiratory specimens from nasopharyngeal washes or swabs as well as sputum and tracheal or tracheobronchial lavages. These are subjected to improved diagnostic tools including multiplex PCR assays that are routinely used allowing for expedient detection of all respiratory viruses. Disease progression along with high mortality is frequently associated with respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, and metapneumovirus infections. In this review, we discuss clinical findings and the appropriate use of diagnostic measures. Additionally, we also discuss treatment options and suggest new drug formulations that might prove useful in treating respiratory viral infections. Finally, we shed light on the role of the state of immune reconstitution and on the use of immunosuppressive drugs on the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Pochon
- Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncohematology, Nancy University Hospital, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sebastian Voigt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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15
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The 5' Untranslated Region of Human Bocavirus Capsid Transcripts Regulates Viral mRNA Biogenesis and Alternative Translation. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00443-18. [PMID: 30111560 PMCID: PMC6189511 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00443-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative translation of HBoV1 capsid mRNAs is vital for the viral life cycle, as capsid proteins perform essential functions in genome packaging, assembly, and antigenicity. The 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of capsid mRNAs are generated by alternative splicing, and they contain different exons. Our study shows that the 5′ UTR not only modulates mRNA abundance but also regulates capsid expression. Two upstream ATGs (uATGs) that were upstream of the capsid translation initiation site in the 5′ UTR were found to affect viral capsid mRNA polyadenylation, alternative translation, and progeny virus production. The results reveal that uATGs play an important role in the viral life cycle and represent a new layer to regulate HBoV1 RNA processing, which could be a target for gene therapy. The capsid mRNA transcripts of human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) can be generated by alternative splicing from the mRNA precursor transcribed from the P5 promoter. However, the alternative translation regulation mechanism of capsid mRNA transcripts is largely unknown. Here we report that the polycistronic capsid mRNA transcripts encode VP1, VP2, and VP3 in vitro and in vivo. The 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of capsid mRNA transcripts, which consist of exons, affected not only the abundance of mRNA but also the translation pattern of capsid proteins. Further study showed that exons 2 and 3 were critical for the abundance of mRNA, while exon 4 regulated capsid translation. Alternative translation of capsid mRNA involved a leaky scan mechanism. Mutating the upstream ATGs (uATGs) located in exon 4 resulted in more mRNA transcripts polyadenylated at the proximal polyadenylation [(pA)p] site, leading to increased capsid mRNA transcripts. Moreover, uATG mutations induced more VP1 expression, while VP3 expression was decreased, which resulted in less progeny virus production. Our data show that the 5′ UTR of HBoV1 plays a critical role in the modulation of mRNA abundance, alternative RNA processing, alternative translation, and progeny virus production. IMPORTANCE Alternative translation of HBoV1 capsid mRNAs is vital for the viral life cycle, as capsid proteins perform essential functions in genome packaging, assembly, and antigenicity. The 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of capsid mRNAs are generated by alternative splicing, and they contain different exons. Our study shows that the 5′ UTR not only modulates mRNA abundance but also regulates capsid expression. Two upstream ATGs (uATGs) that were upstream of the capsid translation initiation site in the 5′ UTR were found to affect viral capsid mRNA polyadenylation, alternative translation, and progeny virus production. The results reveal that uATGs play an important role in the viral life cycle and represent a new layer to regulate HBoV1 RNA processing, which could be a target for gene therapy.
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16
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Liu WK, Liu Q, Chen DH, Tan WP, Cai Y, Qiu SY, Xu D, Li C, Li X, Lin ZS, Zhou R. Epidemiology of HBoV1 infection and relationship with meteorological conditions in hospitalized pediatric patients with acute respiratory illness: a 7-year study in a subtropical region. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:329. [PMID: 30012099 PMCID: PMC6048719 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is an important cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI), yet the epidemiology and effect of meteorological conditions on infection is not fully understood. To investigate the distribution of HBoV1 and determine the effect of meteorological conditions, hospitalized pediatric patients were studied in a subtropical region of China. METHODS Samples from 11,399 hospitalized pediatric patients (≤14 years old), with ARI were tested for HBoV1 and other common respiratory pathogens using real-time PCR, between July 2009 and June 2016. In addition, local meteorological data were collected. RESULTS Of the 11,399 patients tested, 5606 (49.2%) were positive for at least one respiratory pathogen. Two hundred forty-eight of 11,399 (2.2%) were positive for HBoV1 infection. Co-infection was common in HBoV1-positive patients (45.2%, 112/248). A significant difference in the prevalence of HBoV1 was found in patients in different age groups (p < 0.001), and the peak prevalence was found in patients aged 7-12 months (4.7%, 56/1203). Two HBoV1 prevalence peaks were found in summer (between June and September) and winter (between November and December). The prevalence of HBoV1 was significantly positively correlated with mean temperature and negatively correlated with mean relative humidity, and the mean temperature in the preceding month had better explanatory power than the current monthly temperature. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a better understanding of the characteristics of HBoV1 infection in children in subtropical regions. Data from this study provide useful information for the future control and prevention of HBoV1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Tan
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Yan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Shi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Hamza H, Leifels M, Wilhelm M, Hamza IA. Relative Abundance of Human Bocaviruses in Urban Sewage in Greater Cairo, Egypt. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2017; 9:304-313. [PMID: 28233174 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is predominantly found in the respiratory tract infections and in the stool of patients with gastroenteritis symptoms. However, data on the prevalence of HBoV genotypes in environmental samples are limited. Here we addressed the prevalence of HBoV in sewage collected from three different wastewater treatment plants in Egypt. HBoV-1, HBoV-2, and HBoV-3 were detected, whereas none of the samples were positive for HBoV-4. The median concentration of HBoV in influent samples was 8.5 × 103 GC/l for HBoV-1, 3.0 × 104 GC/l for HBoV-2, and 2.5 × 104 GC/l for HBoV-3. The concentration was reduced but not completely removed in the effluent samples. The median concentration in the outlet samples was 2.9 × 103 GC/l for HBoV-1, 4.1 × 103 GC/l for HBoV-2, and 2.1 × 103 GC/l for HBoV-3. Moreover, no seasonality pattern of HBoVs was found. The high incidence of HBoV in sewage samples provided an evidence of its circulation in the local population. Although the role of HBoV in respiratory or gastro-intestinal infections still remains to be fully elucidated, the risk of infection via contaminated water should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Hamza
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Hygiene, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mats Leifels
- Department of Hygiene, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Wilhelm
- Department of Hygiene, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Hamza
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ghietto LM, Toigo D'Angelo AP, Viale FA, Adamo MP. Human bocavirus 1 infection of CACO-2 cell line cultures. Virology 2017; 510:273-280. [PMID: 28777951 PMCID: PMC7172243 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a parvovirus associated with pneumonia in infants. It has been detected in different tissues, including colorectal tumors. In this study, we investigated whether Caco-2 cell line, derived from human colon cancer, can be utilized as a model for HBoV1 replication. We demonstrate HBoV1 replication in Caco-2 cultures supplemented with DEAE-dextran after inoculation with respiratory material from infected patients presenting with acute respiratory infection. A viral cycle of rapid development is displayed. However, in spite of HBoV1 DNA 4-fold increment in the supernatants and monolayers by day 1, evidencing that the system allows the virus genome replication after the entry occurred, infectious progeny particles were not produced. These results are consistent with an infection that is limited to a single growth cycle, which can be associated to mutations in the NS1 and VP1/VP2 regions of HBoV1 genome. Further research will contribute to fully elucidate these observations. HBoV1 replicates within 24 h in standard and differentiated Caco-2 cells. DNA is detected in attached cell and supernatant medium. Immunofluorescence tests evidences HBoV1 infection. DNA replication occurred but infectious progeny particles were not produced. The viral genome presents deleterious mutations at NS1 and VP1/VP2 regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía María Ghietto
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Paola Toigo D'Angelo
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Franco Agustin Viale
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Pilar Adamo
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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Xu M, Arku B, Jartti T, Koskinen J, Peltola V, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. Comparative Diagnosis of Human Bocavirus 1 Respiratory Infection With Messenger RNA Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), DNA Quantitative PCR, and Serology. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1551-1557. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Parvovirus Expresses a Small Noncoding RNA That Plays an Essential Role in Virus Replication. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02375-16. [PMID: 28122984 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02375-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) belongs to the species Primate bocaparvovirus of the genus Bocaparvovirus of the Parvoviridae family. HBoV1 causes acute respiratory tract infections in young children and has a selective tropism for the apical surface of well-differentiated human airway epithelia (HAE). In this study, we identified an additional HBoV1 gene, bocavirus-transcribed small noncoding RNA (BocaSR), within the 3' noncoding region (nucleotides [nt] 5199 to 5338) of the viral genome of positive sense. BocaSR is transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) from an intragenic promoter at levels similar to that of the capsid protein-coding mRNA and is essential for replication of the viral DNA in both transfected HEK293 and infected HAE cells. Mechanistically, we showed that BocaSR regulates the expression of HBoV1-encoded nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2, NS3, and NP1 but not NS4. BocaSR is similar to the adenovirus-associated type I (VAI) RNA in terms of both nucleotide sequence and secondary structure but differs from it in that its regulation of viral protein expression is independent of RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) regulation. Notably, BocaSR accumulates in the viral DNA replication centers within the nucleus and likely plays a direct role in replication of the viral DNA. Our findings reveal BocaSR to be a novel viral noncoding RNA that coordinates the expression of viral proteins and regulates replication of viral DNA within the nucleus. Thus, BocaSR may be a target for antiviral therapies for HBoV and may also have utility in the production of recombinant HBoV vectors.IMPORTANCE Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is pathogenic to humans, causing acute respiratory tract infections in young children. In this study, we identified a novel HBoV1 gene that lies in the 3' noncoding region of the viral positive-sense genome and is transcribed by RNA polymerase III into a noncoding RNA of 140 nt. This bocavirus-transcribed small RNA (BocaSR) diverges from both adenovirus-associated (VA) RNAs and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) with respect to RNA sequence, representing a third species of this kind of Pol III-dependent viral noncoding RNA and the first noncoding RNA identified in autonomous parvoviruses. Unlike the VA RNAs, BocaSR localizes to the viral DNA replication centers of the nucleus and is essential for expression of viral nonstructural proteins independent of RNA-activated protein kinase R and replication of HBoV1 genomes. The identification of BocaSR and its role in virus DNA replication reveals potential avenues for developing antiviral therapies.
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Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), members of the large Parvoviridae family, are human pathogens responsible for a variety of diseases. For B19V in particular, host features determine disease manifestations. These viruses are prevalent worldwide and are culturable in vitro, and serological and molecular assays are available but require careful interpretation of results. Additional human parvoviruses, including HBoV2 to -4, human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), and human bufavirus (BuV) are also reviewed. The full spectrum of parvovirus disease in humans has yet to be established. Candidate recombinant B19V vaccines have been developed but may not be commercially feasible. We review relevant features of the molecular and cellular biology of these viruses, and the human immune response that they elicit, which have allowed a deep understanding of pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Lau SKP, Yeung HC, Li KSM, Lam CSF, Cai JP, Yuen MC, Wang M, Zheng BJ, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Identification and genomic characterization of a novel rat bocavirus from brown rats in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 47:68-76. [PMID: 27871815 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent discoveries of novel animal bocaparvoviruses, current understandings on the diversity and evolution of bocaparvoviruses are still limited. We report the identification and genome characterization of a novel bocaparvovirus, rat bocaparvovirus (RBoV), in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in China. RBoV was detected in 11.5%, 2.4%, 16.2% and 0.3% of alimentary, respiratory, spleen and kidney samples respectively, of 636 brown rats by PCR, but not in samples of other rodent species, suggesting that brown rats are the primary reservoir of RBoV. Six RBoV genomes sequenced from three brown rats revealed the presence of three ORFs, characteristic of bocaparvoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RBoV was distantly related to other bocaparvoviruses, forming a distinct cluster within the genus, with ≤55.5% nucleotide identities to the genome of ungulate bocaparvovirus 3, supporting its classification as a novel bocaparvovirus species. RBoV possessed a putative second exon encoding the C-terminal region of NS1 and conserved RNA splicing signals, similar to human bocaparvoviruses and canine bocaparvovirus. In contrast to human, feline and canine bocaparvoviruses which demonstrates inter/intra-host viral diversity, partial VP1/VP2 sequences of 49 RBoV strains demonstrated little inter-host genetic diversity, suggesting a single genetic group. Although the pathogenicity of RBoV remains to be determined, its presence in different host tissues suggests wide tissue tropism. RBoV represents the first bocaparvovirus in rodents with genome sequenced, which extends our knowledge on the host range of bocaparvoviruses. Further studies are required to better understand the epidemiology, genetic diversity and pathogenicity of bocaparvoviruses in different rodent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hazel C Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth S M Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol S F Lam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Chi Yuen
- Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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23
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Lau SKP, Ahmed SS, Yeung HC, Li KSM, Fan RYY, Cheng TYC, Cai JP, Wang M, Zheng BJ, Wong SSY, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Identification and interspecies transmission of a novel bocaparvovirus among different bat species in China. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:3345-3358. [PMID: 27902362 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery of a novel bocaparvovirus, bat bocaparvovirus (BtBoV), in one spleen, four respiratory and 61 alimentary samples from bats of six different species belonging to three families, Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae. BtBoV showed a higher detection rate in alimentary samples of Rhinolophus sinicus (5.7 %) than those of other bat species (0.43-1.59 %), supporting R. sinicus as the primary reservoir and virus spillover to accidental bat species. BtBoV peaked during the lactating season of R. sinicus, and it was more frequently detected among female than male adult bats (P<0.05), and among lactating than non-lactating female bats (P<0.0001). Positive BtBoV detection was associated with lower body weight in lactating bats (P<0.05). Ten nearly complete BtBoV genomes from three bat species revealed a unique large ORF1 spanning NS1 and NP1 in eight genomes and conserved splicing signals leading to multiple proteins, as well as a unique substitution in the conserved replication initiator motif within NS1. BtBoV was phylogenetically distantly related to known bocaparvoviruses with ≤57.3 % genome identities, supporting BtBoV as a novel species. Ms-BtBoV from Miniopterus schreibersii and Hp-BtBoV from Hipposideros pomona demonstrated 97.2-99.9 % genome identities with Rs-BtBoVs from R. sinicus, supporting infection of different bat species by a single BtBoV species. Rs-BtBoV_str15 represents the first bat parvovirus genome with non-coding regions sequenced, which suggested the presence of head-to-tail genomic concatamers or episomal forms of the genome. This study represents the first to describe interspecies transmission in BoVs. The high detection rates in lactating female and juvenile bats suggest possible vertical transmission of BtBoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Syed Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hazel C Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kenneth S M Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Rachel Y Y Fan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Toni Y C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ming Wang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo-Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Samson S Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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24
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Guido M, Tumolo MR, Verri T, Romano A, Serio F, De Giorgi M, De Donno A, Bagordo F, Zizza A. Human bocavirus: Current knowledge and future challenges. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8684-8697. [PMID: 27818586 PMCID: PMC5075545 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i39.8684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus isolated about a decade ago and found worldwide in both respiratory samples, mainly from early life and children of 6-24 mo of age with acute respiratory infection, and in stool samples, from patients with gastroenteritis. Since then, other viruses related to the first HBoV isolate (HBoV1), namely HBoV2, HBoV3 and HBoV4, have been detected principally in human faeces. HBoVs are small non-enveloped single-stranded DNA viruses of about 5300 nucleotides, consisting of three open reading frames encoding the first two the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and nuclear phosphoprotein (NP1) and the third the viral capsid proteins 1 and 2 (VP1 and VP2). HBoV pathogenicity remains to be fully clarified mainly due to the lack of animal models for the difficulties in replicating the virus in in vitro cell cultures, and the fact that HBoV infection is frequently accompanied by at least another viral and/or bacterial respiratory and/or gastroenteric pathogen infection. Current diagnostic methods to support HBoV detection include polymerase chain reaction, real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme immunoassay using recombinant VP2 or virus-like particle capsid proteins, although sequence-independent amplification techniques combined with next-generation sequencing platforms promise rapid and simultaneous detection of the pathogens in the future. This review presents the current knowledge on HBoV genotypes with emphasis on taxonomy, phylogenetic relationship and genomic analysis, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnostic methods. The emerging discussion on HBoVs as true pathogen or innocent bystander is also emphasized.
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Mapping Antigenic Epitopes on the Human Bocavirus Capsid. J Virol 2016; 90:4670-4680. [PMID: 26912619 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02998-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human bocaviruses (HBoV1 to -4) are emerging pathogens associated with pneumonia and/or diarrhea in young children. Currently, there is no treatment or vaccination, so there is a need to study these pathogens to understand their disease mechanisms on a molecular and structural level for the development of control strategies. Here, we report the structures of six HBoV monoclonal antibody (MAb) fragment complexes, HBoV1-15C6, HBoV2-15C6, HBoV4-15C6, HBoV1-4C2, HBoV1-9G12, and HBoV1-12C1, determined by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction to 18.0- to 8.5-Å resolution. Of these, the 15C6 MAb cross-reacted with HBoV1, HBoV2, and HBoV4, while the 4C2, 12C1, and 9G12 MAbs recognized only HBoV1. Pseudoatomic modeling mapped the 15C6 footprint to the capsid surface DE and HI loops, at the 5-fold axis and the depression surrounding it, respectively, which are conserved motifs in Parvoviridae The footprints for 4C2, 12C1, and 9G12 span the surface loops that assemble portions of the 2-/5-fold wall (a raised surface feature between the 2-fold and 5-fold axes of symmetry) and the shoulder of the 3-fold protrusions. The MAb footprints, cross reactive and strain specific, coincide with regions with high and low sequence/structural identities, respectively, on the capsid surfaces of the HBoVs and identify potential regions for the development of peptide vaccines for these viruses. IMPORTANCE Human bocaviruses (HBoVs) may cause severe respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in young children. The nonenveloped parvovirus capsid carries determinants of host and tissue tropism, pathogenicity, genome packaging, assembly, and antigenicity important for virus infection. This information is currently unavailable for the HBoVs and other bocaparvoviruses. This study identifies three strain-specific antigenic epitopes on the HBoV1 capsid and a cross-reactive epitope on the HBoV1, HBoV2, and HBoV4 capsids using structures of capsid-antibody complexes determined using cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction. This is the first study to report the highly conserved parvovirus DE loop at the 5-fold axis as a determinant of antigenicity. Additionally, knowledge of the strain-specific and conserved antigenic epitopes of the bocaviruses can be instrumental in characterization of the virus life cycle, development of peptide vaccines, and generation of gene delivery vectors for cystic fibrosis given the strict tropism of HBoV1 for human airway epithelial cells.
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26
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Is the role of rhinoviruses as causative agents of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia over-estimated? Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:1951-1958. [PMID: 27714467 PMCID: PMC7087148 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The role that rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, parainfluenza viruses, coronaviruses and human bocavirus play in pediatric pneumonia is insufficiently studied. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to study 9 virus groups, including 16 different viruses or viral strains, in 56 ambulatory children with radiologically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The same tests were carried out on 474 apparently healthy control children of the same age and sex. The mean age of children with CAP was 6.5 years (SD 4.2). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was found in 19.6 % of 56 cases and in 2.1 % of 474 controls. Adenoviruses were present in 12.5 % of cases (0.2 % controls) and metapneumovirus and influenza A virus each in 10.7 % of cases (0.2 % controls). Interestingly, rhinoviruses were less common in cases (10.7 %) than in controls (22.4 %): odds ratio 0.36 (95%CI) 0.15-0.87) in conditional logistic regression including 56 cases and 280 controls matched for age, sex and sampling month. The prevalence of parainfluenza viruses, enteroviruses, coronaviruses and human bocavirus were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION We conclude that the role of rhinoviruses as an etiology of pediatric CAP has been over-estimated, mainly due to the non-controlled designs of previous studies. What is Known: • In non-controlled studies, rhinovirus detection has been common, next to respiratory syncytial virus, in children with viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). • Enteroviruses, coronaviruses and the human bocavirus have been found less frequently. What is New: • In this controlled study, rhinoviruses were detected more often in healthy controls than in children with CAP, and enteroviruses, coronaviruses and human bocavirus were detected equally often in cases and controls. • We conclude that previous studies have over-estimated the role of rhinoviruses in the etiology of CAP in children.
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Broccolo F, Falcone V, Esposito S, Toniolo A. Human bocaviruses: Possible etiologic role in respiratory infection. J Clin Virol 2015; 72:75-81. [PMID: 26441386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Four species of human bocaviruses (HBoV) are currently included in the Bocavirus genus. There is satisfactory evidence demonstrating an association between HBoV1 and respiratory disease in children, and there is evidence that HBoV2 (and possibly the HBoV3 and HBoV4 species) are associated with gastroenteritis. In particular, HBoV1 has been associated with a prolonged period of persistence in the mucosa of the respiratory tract. Virus persistence does play a role in the high frequency of co-infections with proper pathogens of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The high detection rate of multiple respiratory viruses in up to 83% of respiratory specimens and the presence of asymptomatic HBoV1 infections complicate the elucidation of the pathogenic role of the agent. Overall, a large amount of data are available concerning HBoV1, whereas little information is available about other bocavirus species. High viral loads are often associated with symptoms, and viremia may be associated with systemic manifestations such as encephalopathy. The effects and mechanisms of latency, persistence, reactivation, and reinfection are poorly understood. Thus, particularly in co-infections, the pathogenic contribution of the detected bocavirus species cannot be accurately stated. This review summarizes the current knowledge of HBoV species and provides perspectives for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Broccolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Department of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Toniolo
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Akturk H, Sık G, Salman N, Sutcu M, Tatli B, Akcay Ciblak M, Bulent Erol O, Hancerli Torun S, Citak A, Somer A. Atypical presentation of human bocavirus: Severe respiratory tract infection complicated with encephalopathy. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1831-8. [PMID: 25966820 PMCID: PMC7166798 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBOV) has been reported as a worldwide distributed respiratory pathogen. It has also been associated with encephalitis recently by detection of the virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients presented with encephalitis. This retrospective study aimed to present clinical features of HBOV infections in children with respiratory symptoms and describe unexplained encephalopathy in a subgroup of these patients. Results of 1,143 pediatric nasal samples from mid-December 2013 to July 2014 were reviewed for detection of HBOV. A multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction assay was used for viral detection. Medical records of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. HBOV was detected in 30 patients (2.6%). Median age was 14 months (5-80). Clinical diagnoses were upper respiratory tract infection (n = 10), bronchopneumonia (n = 9), acute bronchiolitis (n = 5), pneumonia (n = 4), acute bronchitis (n = 1), and asthma execarbation (n = 1). Hospitalization was required in 16 (53.3%) patients and 10 (62.5%) of them admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Noninvasive mechanical ventilation modalities was applied to four patients and mechanical ventilation to four patients. Intractable seizures developed in four patients while mechanically ventilated on the 2nd-3rd days of PICU admission. No specific reason for encephalopathy was found after a thorough investigation. No mortality was observed, but two patients were discharged with neurological sequela. HBOV may lead to respiratory infections in a wide spectrum of severity. This report indicates its potential to cause severe respiratory infections requiring PICU admission and highlights possible clinical association of HBOV and encephalopathy, which developed during severe respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Akturk
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Disease UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Guntulu Sık
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Intensive Care UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Nuran Salman
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Disease UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Murat Sutcu
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Disease UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Burak Tatli
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Neurology UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Meral Akcay Ciblak
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical MicrobiologyNational Influenza Reference LaboratoryIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Oguz Bulent Erol
- Department of RadiologyIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Selda Hancerli Torun
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Disease UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Agop Citak
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Intensive Care UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Ayper Somer
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Disease UnitIstanbul Faculty of MedicineIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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29
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Identification of new respiratory viruses in the new millennium. Viruses 2015; 7:996-1019. [PMID: 25757061 PMCID: PMC4379558 DOI: 10.3390/v7030996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of molecular tools in the past 15 years has allowed for the retrospective discovery of several new respiratory viruses as well as the characterization of novel emergent strains. The inability to characterize the etiological origins of respiratory conditions, particularly in children, led several researchers to pursue the discovery of the underlying etiology of disease. In 2001, this led to the discovery of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and soon following that the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) promoted an increased interest in coronavirology and the latter discovery of human coronavirus (HCoV) NL63 and HCoV-HKU1. Human bocavirus, with its four separate lineages, discovered in 2005, has been linked to acute respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal complications. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) represents the most recent outbreak of a completely novel respiratory virus, which occurred in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and presents a significant threat to human health. This review will detail the most current clinical and epidemiological findings to all respiratory viruses discovered since 2001.
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30
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Wu JJ, Jin Y, Lin N, Xie ZP, Yu JM, Li JS, Cao CQ, Yuan XH, Song JR, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Gao XQ, Duan ZJ. Detection of human bocavirus in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Lanzhou and Nanjing, China. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2014; 27:841-848. [PMID: 25374017 PMCID: PMC7134634 DOI: 10.3967/bes2014.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the prevalent characteristics of HBoV1 and its co-infection. METHODS PCR was used to detect HBoV1-DNA (HBoV1) and other viruses. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore possibility of co-detected for related viruses. RESULTS The positivity rates in Nanjing and Lanzhou were 9.38% (74/789) and 11.62% (161/1386), respectively (P>0.05). The HBoV1 positive group was younger than negative group (P<0.05). Seasonal differences were noted, with a higher frequency of infection in December and July. HBoV1-positive children [72.34% (169/235)] were co-infected with other respiratory viruses. Multifactorial analysis showed no correlations between HBoV1 and the clinical classification, region, gender, age, or treatment as an outpatient or in a hospital. Correlations were identified between HBoV1 infections with ADV (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.03-2.28), RSV (OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.98), and IFVA (OR=1.77, 95% CI 1.00-3.13). CONCLUSION Presence of HBoV1 in nasopharyngeal aspirates did not correlate with region or gender, although the prevalence of HBoV1 was higher in younger children. There were no correlations between HBoV1 and other variables, except for the season and ADV, RSV, or IFVA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jun Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Nanjing Children's Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Lin
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Zhi Ping Xie
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jie Mei Yu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jin Song Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Chang Qing Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Xin Hui Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jin Rong Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Xiao Qian Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Zhao Jun Duan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
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31
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Ghietto LM, Majul D, Ferreyra Soaje P, Baumeister E, Avaro M, Insfrán C, Mosca L, Cámara A, Moreno LB, Adamo MP. Comorbidity and high viral load linked to clinical presentation of respiratory human bocavirus infection. Arch Virol 2014; 160:117-27. [PMID: 25269520 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a new parvovirus associated with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). In order to evaluate HBoV significance as an agent of acute respiratory disease, we screened 1,135 respiratory samples from children and adults with and without symptoms during two complete calendar years. HBoV1 prevalence in patients with ARTI was 6.33 % in 2011 and 11.64 % in 2012, including neonatal and adult patients. HBoV1 was also detected in 3.77 % of asymptomatic individuals. The co-detection rate was 78.1 %. Among children, 87 % were clinically diagnosed with lower respiratory infection (no significant differences between patients with and without coinfection), and 31 % exhibited comorbidities. Pediatric patients with comorbidities were significantly older than patients without comorbidities. Patients with ARTI had either high or low viral load, while controls had only low viral load, but there were no clinical differences between patients with high or low viral load. In conclusion, we present evidence of the pathogenic potential of HBoV1 in young children with ARTI. Since patients with HBoV1-single infection are not significantly different from those with coinfection with respect to clinical features, the virus can be as pathogenic by itself as other respiratory agents are. Furthermore, an association between high HBoV1 load and disease could not be demonstrated in this study, but all asymptomatic individuals had low viral loads. Also, children with comorbidities are susceptible to HBoV1 infection at older ages than previously healthy children. Thus, the clinical presentation of infection may occur depending on both viral load and the particular interaction between the HBoV1 and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía María Ghietto
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Calle Enf. Grodillo Gómez S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
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Abstract
Non-influenza respiratory virus infections are common worldwide and contribute to morbidity and mortality in all age groups. The recently identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus has been associated with rapidly progressive pneumonia and high mortality rate. Adenovirus 14 has been increasingly recognized in severe acute respiratory illness in both military and civilian individuals. Rhinovirus C and human bocavirus type 1 have been commonly detected in infants and young children with respiratory tract infection and studies have shown a positive correlation between respiratory illness and high viral loads, mono-infection, viremia, and/or serologically-confirmed primary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Dunn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cook Children's Medical Center, 801 Seventh Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
| | - Melissa B Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Campus Box 7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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Deng ZH, Hao YX, Yao LH, Xie ZP, Gao HC, Xie LY, Zhong LL, Zhang B, Cao YD, Duan ZJ. Immunogenicity of recombinant human bocavirus-1,2 VP2 gene virus-like particles in mice. Immunology 2014; 142:58-66. [PMID: 24843872 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV), a recently identified pathogen with a worldwide distribution is closely related to paediatric acute respiratory infection and gastroenteritis. The present study was performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of HBoV1 and HBoV2 virus-like particles (VLPs) as vaccine candidates in mice. Both HBoV1 and HBoV2 VLPs were expressed in the bacmid virus–SF9 cell system. Mice were inoculated three times at 3-week intervals with HBoV VLPs at one dose intramuscular (i.m.) or intradermal (i.d.) with or without the addition of the alum adjuvant. ELISA was used to detected antibody, and ELISPOT was used to test cellular immune responses. HBoV-specific IgG antibodies were induced and alum adjuvant improved the antibody titres and avidity, while the inoculation pathway had no influence. T helper type 1/ type 2 immune responses were balanced induced by HBoV1 VLPs but not HBoV2 VLPs. Serum IgG antibody cross-reactivity rates of the two subtypes were similar, but cross-reactions of HBoV1 immunization groups were higher. The single i.m. group had more interferon-γ-secreting splenocytes. These data indicate that HBoV VP2 VLPs have good immunogenicity with induction of strong humoral and cellular immune responses, and they may be potential candidate vaccines for HBoV infection.
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de Leon CDA, Amantéa SL, Pilger DA, Cantarelli V. Response letter. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:517-8. [PMID: 24339436 PMCID: PMC7167849 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li J, Yang Y, Dong Y, Li Y, Huang Y, Yi Q, Liu K, Li Y. Key elements of the human bocavirus type 1 (HBoV1) promoter and its trans-activation by NS1 protein. Virol J 2013; 10:315. [PMID: 24161033 PMCID: PMC3874741 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human bocavirus (HBoV), a parvovirus, is suspected to be an etiologic agent of respiratory disease and gastrointestinal disease in humans. All mRNAs of HBoV1 are transcribed from a single promoter. Methods In this study, we constructed EGFP and luciferase reporter gene vectors under the control of the HBoV1 full promoter (nt 1–252) and its mutated variants, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe expression activities of the EGFP. Dual-luciferase reporter vectors were employed in order to evaluate critical promoter elements and the effect of NS1 protein on promoter activity. Results The HBoV1 promoter activity was about 2.2-fold and 1.9-fold higher than that of the CMV promoter in 293 T and HeLa cells, respectively. The putative transcription factor binding region of the promoter was identified to be located between nt 96 and nt 145. Mutations introduced in the CAAT box of the HBoV1 promoter reduced promoter activity by 34%, whereas nucleotide substitutions in the TATA box had no effect on promoter activity. The HBoV1 promoter activities in 293 T and HeLa cells, in the presence of NS1 protein, were 2- to 2.5-fold higher than those in the absence of NS1 protein. Conclusion The HBoV1 promoter was highly active in 293 T and HeLa cell lines, and the sequence from nt 96 to nt 145 was critical for the activity of HBoV1 promoter. The CAAT box, in contrast to the TATA-box, was important for optimum promoter activity. In addition, the transcriptional activity of this promoter could be trans-activated by the viral nonstructural protein NS1 in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaiyu Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Wuhan Engineering Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430415, China.
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Human bocavirus 1 infects commercially available primary human airway epithelium cultures productively. J Virol Methods 2013; 195:112-9. [PMID: 24134939 PMCID: PMC3855471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), a human parvovirus, belongs to the genus Bocavirus of the Parvoviridae family. It causes wheezing in young children with acute respiratory tract infections. HBoV1 has been shown to infect polarized human airway epithelium (HAE) made in house, and induces airway epithelial damage. In this study, two commercially available HAE cultures, EpiAirway and MucilAir HAE, were examined for HBoV1 infection. Both HAE cultures support fully productive HBoV1 infection. Infected EpiAirway and MucilAir HAE cultures showed loss of cilia, disruption of the tight junction barrier, and a significant decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance. Notably, HBoV1 persistent infection was demonstrated by maintaining HBoV1-infected EpiAirway HAE for as long as 50 days. After 2 days post-infection, progeny virus was produced consistently daily at a level of over 2×10(8) viral genome copies per culture (0.6 cm(2)). This study is the first to use commercial sources of HAE cultures for HBoV1 infection. The availability of these cultures will enable a wide range of laboratories to study HBoV1 infection.
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Human parvoviruses B19, PARV4 and bocavirus in pediatric patients with allogeneic hematopoietic SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 48:1308-12. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Zhao B, Yu X, Wang C, Teng Z, Wang C, Shen J, Gao Y, Zhu Z, Wang J, Yuan Z, Wu F, Zhang X, Ghildyal R. High human bocavirus viral load is associated with disease severity in children under five years of age. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62318. [PMID: 23638038 PMCID: PMC3640090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus and detected worldwide in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), but its pathogenic role in respiratory illness is still debatable due to high incidence of co-infection with other respiratory viruses. To determine the prevalence of HBoV infection in patients with LRTI in Shanghai and its correlation with disease severity, we performed a 3-year prospective study of HBoV in healthy controls, outpatients and inpatients under five years of age with X-ray diagnosed LRTIs. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested by PCR for common respiratory viruses and by real time PCR for HBoV subtypes 1-4. Nasopharyngeal swabs from healthy controls and serum samples and stools from inpatients were also tested for HBoV1-4 by real time PCR. Viral loads were determined by quantitative real time PCR in all HBoV positive samples. HBoV1 was detected in 7.0% of inpatients, with annual rates of 5.1%, 8.0% and 4.8% in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subtype A was the most frequent co-infection detected; HBoV1 and RSVA appeared to co-circulate with similar seasonal variations. High HBoV viral loads (>10(6) copies/ml) were significantly more frequent in inpatients and outpatients than in healthy controls. There was a direct correlation of high viral load with increasing disease severity in patients co-infected with HBoV1 and at least one other respiratory virus. In summary, our data suggest that HBoV1 can cause LRTIs, but symptomatic HBoV infection is only observed in the context of high viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Zhao
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Yu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxian Wang
- Technical Center for Animal and Plant and Food Inspection, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection AND Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaren Shen
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Gao
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaokui Zhu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengan Yuan
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Reena Ghildyal
- Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The first era in the discoveries of respiratory viruses occured between 1933 and 1965 when influenza virus, enteroviruses, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus and coronavirus (CoV) were found by virus culture. In the 1990s, the development of high throughput viral detection and diagnostics instruments increased diagnostic sensitivity and enabled the search for new viruses. This article briefly reviews the clinical significance of newly discovered respiratory viruses. RECENT FINDINGS In 2001, the second era in the discoveries of respiratory viruses began, and several new respiratory viruses and their subgroups have been found: human metapneumovirus, CoVs NL63 and HKU1, human bocavirus and human rhinovirus C and D groups. SUMMARY Currently, a viral cause of pediatric respiratory illness is identifiable in up to 95% of cases, but the detection rates decrease steadily by age, to 30-40% in the elderly. The new viruses cause respiratory illnesses such as common cold, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. Rarely, acute respiratory failure may occur. The clinical role of other new viruses, KI and WU polyomaviruses and the torque teno virus, as respiratory pathogens is not clear.
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In vitro modeling of human bocavirus 1 infection of polarized primary human airway epithelia. J Virol 2013; 87:4097-102. [PMID: 23345515 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03132-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is an emerging human-pathogenic respiratory virus. We characterized two important features of HBoV1 infection in polarized primary human airway epithelia (HAE). Apical HBoV1 infection of HAE at a low multiplicity of infection causes disruption of the tight junction barrier, loss of cilia, and epithelial cell hypertrophy, which are hallmarks of the airway epithelial damage caused by HBoV1 infection. HBoV1 also infects HAE from the basolateral surface productively, although less efficiently, and this also leads to the characteristic airway epithelial damage.
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Debiaggi M, Canducci F, Ceresola ER, Clementi M. The role of infections and coinfections with newly identified and emerging respiratory viruses in children. Virol J 2012; 9:247. [PMID: 23102237 PMCID: PMC3573994 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections are a major cause of morbidity in children both in developed and developing countries. A wide range of respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza viruses (PIVs), adenovirus, rhinovirus (HRV), have repeatedly been detected in acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children in the past decades. However, in the last ten years thanks to progress in molecular technologies, newly discovered viruses have been identified including human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), coronaviruses NL63 (HcoV-NL63) and HKU1 (HcoV-HKU1), human Bocavirus (HBoV), new enterovirus (HEV), parechovirus (HpeV) and rhinovirus (HRV) strains, polyomaviruses WU (WUPyV) and KI (KIPyV) and the pandemic H1N1v influenza A virus. These discoveries have heavily modified previous knowledge on respiratory infections mainly highlighting that pediatric population is exposed to a variety of viruses with similar seasonal patterns. In this context establishing a causal link between a newly identified virus and the disease as well as an association between mixed infections and an increase in disease severity can be challenging. This review will present an overview of newly recognized as well as the main emerging respiratory viruses and seek to focus on the their contribution to infection and co-infection in LRTIs in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizia Debiaggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, Sezione di Microbiologia, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Norja P, Hedman L, Kantola K, Kemppainen K, Suvilehto J, Pitkäranta A, Aaltonen LM, Seppänen M, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. Occurrence of human bocaviruses and parvovirus 4 in solid tissues. J Med Virol 2012; 84:1267-73. [PMID: 22711355 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human bocaviruses 1-4 (HBoV1-4) and parvovirus 4 (PARV4) are recently discovered human parvoviruses. HBoV1 is associated with respiratory infections of young children, while HBoV2-4 are enteric viruses. The clinical manifestations of PARV4 remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether the DNAs of HBoV1-4 and PARV4 persist in human tissues long after primary infection. Biopsies of tonsillar tissue, skin, and synovia were examined for HBoV1-4 DNA and PARV4 DNA by PCR. Serum samples from the tissue donors were assayed for HBoV1 and PARV4 IgG and IgM antibodies. To obtain species-specific seroprevalences for HBoV1 and for HBoV2/3 combined, the sera were analyzed after virus-like particle (VLP) competition. While HBoV1 DNA was detected exclusively in the tonsillar tissues of 16/438 individuals (3.7%), all of them ≤8 years of age. HBoV2-4 and PARV4 DNAs were absent from all tissue types. HBoV1 IgG seroprevalence was 94.9%. No subject had HBoV1 or PARV4 IgM, nor did they have PARV4 IgG. The results indicate that HBoV1 DNA occurred in a small proportion of tonsils of young children after recent primary HBoV1 infection, but did not persist long in the other tissue types studied, unlike parvovirus B19 DNA. The results obtained by the PARV4 assays are in line with previous results on PARV4 epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Norja
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Huang Q, Deng X, Yan Z, Cheng F, Luo Y, Shen W, Lei-Butters DCM, Chen AY, Li Y, Tang L, Söderlund-Venermo M, Engelhardt JF, Qiu J. Establishment of a reverse genetics system for studying human bocavirus in human airway epithelia. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002899. [PMID: 22956907 PMCID: PMC3431310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) has been identified as one of the etiological agents of wheezing in young children with acute respiratory-tract infections. In this study, we have obtained the sequence of a full-length HBoV1 genome (including both termini) using viral DNA extracted from a nasopharyngeal aspirate of an infected patient, cloned the full-length HBoV1 genome, and demonstrated DNA replication, encapsidation of the ssDNA genome, and release of the HBoV1 virions from human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The HBoV1 virions generated from this cell line-based production system exhibits a typical icosahedral structure of approximately 26 nm in diameter, and is capable of productively infecting polarized primary human airway epithelia (HAE) from the apical surface. Infected HAE showed hallmarks of lung airway-tract injury, including disruption of the tight junction barrier, loss of cilia and epithelial cell hypertrophy. Notably, polarized HAE cultured from an immortalized airway epithelial cell line, CuFi-8 (originally derived from a cystic fibrosis patient), also supported productive infection of HBoV1. Thus, we have established a reverse genetics system and generated the first cell line-based culture system for the study of HBoV1 infection, which will significantly advance the study of HBoV1 replication and pathogenesis. Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) has been identified as one of the etiological agents of wheezing in young children with acute respiratory-tract infections. HBoV1 productively infects polarized primary human airway epithelia. However, no cell lines permissive to HBoV1 infection have yet been established. More importantly, the sequences at both ends of the HBoV1 genome have remained unknown. We have resolved both of these issues in this study. We have sequenced a full-length HBoV1 genome and cloned it into a plasmid. We further demonstrated that this HBoV1 plasmid replicated and produced viruses in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Infection of these HBoV1 progeny virions produced obvious cytopathogenic effects in polarized human airway epithelia, which were represented by disruption of the epithelial barrier. Moreover, we identified an airway epithelial cell line supporting HBoV1 infection, when it was polarized. This is the first study to obtain the full-length HBoV1 genome, to demonstrate pathogenesis of HBoV1 infection in human airway epithelia, and to identify the first cell line to support productive HBoV1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfeng Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Xuefeng Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Fang Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Weiran Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Diana C. M. Lei-Butters
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Aaron Yun Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Yi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | | | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Guo L, Wang Y, Zhou H, Wu C, Song J, Li J, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Vernet G, Wang J, Hung T. Differential seroprevalence of human bocavirus species 1-4 in Beijing, China. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39644. [PMID: 22761854 PMCID: PMC3382199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Four species of human bocaviruses (HBoV1-4) have been identified based on phylogenetic analysis since its first report in 2005. HBoV1 has been associated with respiratory disease, whereas HBoV2-4 are mainly detected in enteric infections. Although the prevalence of HBoVs in humans has been studied in some regions, it has not been well addressed globally. Methodology/Principal Findings Cross-reactivity of anti-VP2 antibodies was detected between HBoV1, 2, 3, and 4 in mouse and human serum. The prevalence of specific anti-VP2 IgG antibodies against HBoV1-4 was determined in different age groups of healthy individuals aged 0-70 years old in Beijing, China, using a competition ELISA assay based on virus-like particles of HBoV1-4. The seroprevalence of HBoV1-4 was 50%, 36.9%, 28.7%, and 0.8%, respectively, in children aged 0-14 years (n = 244); whereas the seroprevalence of HBoV1-4 was 66.9%, 49.3%, 38.7% and 1.4%, respectively, in healthy adults (≥15 years old; n = 142). The seropositive rate of HBoV1 was higher than that of HBoV2, HBoV3, and HBoV4 in individuals older than 0.5 years. Furthermore, IgG seroconversion of HBoV1 (10/31, 32.3%), HBoV2 (8/31, 25.8%), and HBoV3 (2/31, 6.5%) was found in paired sera collected from children with respiratory tract infections who were positive for HBoV1 according to PCR analysis. Conclusions/Significance Our data indicate that HBoV1 is more prevalent than HBoV2, HBoV3, and HBoV4 in the population we sampled in Beijing, China, suggesting that HBoV species may play differential roles in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Meriluoto M, Hedman L, Tanner L, Simell V, Mäkinen M, Simell S, Mykkänen J, Korpelainen J, Ruuskanen O, Ilonen J, Knip M, Simell O, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. Association of human bocavirus 1 infection with respiratory disease in childhood follow-up study, Finland. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:264-71. [PMID: 22305021 PMCID: PMC3310460 DOI: 10.3201/eid1802.111293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2005, human bocavirus type 1 has often been found in the upper airways of young children with respiratory disease. But is this virus the cause of the respiratory disease or just an innocent bystander? A unique study in Finland, which examined follow-up blood samples of 109 healthy children with no underlying illness starting at birth and until they were 13 years of age, found that acute bocavirus infection resulted in respiratory disease. All children had been infected by age 6. Most retained their antibodies to this virus; some lost them. Children who were later re-exposed to bocavirus did not get sick from this virus. Thus, human bocavirus type 1 is a major cause of respiratory disease in childhood. Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) DNA is frequently detected in the upper airways of young children with respiratory symptoms. Because of its persistence and frequent co-detection with other viruses, however, its etiologic role has remained controversial. During 2009–2011, using HBoV1 IgM, IgG, and IgG-avidity enzyme immunoassays and quantitative PCR, we examined 1,952 serum samples collected consecutively at 3- to 6-month intervals from 109 constitutionally healthy children from infancy to early adolescence. Primary HBoV1 infection, as indicated by seroconversion, appeared in 102 (94%) of 109 children at a mean age of 2.3 years; the remaining 7 children were IgG antibody positive from birth. Subsequent secondary infections or IgG antibody increases were evident in 38 children and IgG reversions in 10. Comparison of the seroconversion interval with the next sampling interval for clinical events indicated that HBoV1 primary infection, but not secondary immune response, was significantly associated with acute otitis media and respiratory illness.
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Arnott A, Vong S, Rith S, Naughtin M, Ly S, Guillard B, Deubel V, Buchy P. Human bocavirus amongst an all-ages population hospitalised with acute lower respiratory infections in Cambodia. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2012; 7:201-10. [PMID: 22531100 PMCID: PMC5780762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a novel parvovirus that is associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal tract disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of HBoV amongst hospitalized patients with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in Cambodia. STUDY DESIGN Samples were collected from 2773 patients of all ages hospitalised with symptoms of ALRI between 2007 and 2009. All samples were screened by multiplex RT-PCR/PCR for 18 respiratory viruses. All samples positive for HBoV were sequenced and included in this study. RESULTS Of the samples tested, 43 (1·5%) were positive for HBoV. The incidence of HBoV did not vary between the consecutive seasons investigated, and HBoV infections were detected year-round. The incidence of HBoV infection was highest in patients aged < 2 years, with pneumonia or bronchopneumonia the most common clinical diagnosis, regardless of age. A total of 19 patients (44%) were co-infected with HBoV and an additional respiratory pathogen. All isolates were classified as HBoV type 1 (HBoV-1). High conservation between Cambodian NP1 and V1V2 gene sequences was observed. CONCLUSIONS Human bocavirus infection can result in serious illness, however is frequently detected in the context of viral co-infection. Specific studies are required to further understand the true pathogenesis of HBoV in the context of severe respiratory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Arnott
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Yeung HC, Teng JLL, Wu Y, Bai R, Fan RYY, Chan KH, Yuen KY. Identification and characterization of bocaviruses in cats and dogs reveals a novel feline bocavirus and a novel genetic group of canine bocavirus. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:1573-1582. [PMID: 22495233 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.042531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the identification and genome characterization of a novel bocavirus, feline bocavirus (FBoV), and novel bocaviruses closely related to canine bocavirus (CBoV) strain Con-161 in stray cats and dogs in Hong Kong, respectively. FBoV was detected by PCR in 7.2, 0.3, 1.6, 2.0 and 0.8% of faecal, nasal, urine, kidney and blood samples, respectively, from 364 cats, while CBoV was detected in 4.6, 5.1, 6.3 and 0.3% of faecal, nasal, urine and blood samples, respectively, from 351 dogs. Three FBoV genomes sequenced revealed the presence of three ORFs characteristic of bocaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that FBoVs were related only distantly to other bocaviruses, forming a distinct cluster within the genus, with ≤ 5.7% nucleotide identities to the genome of minute virus of canines. The four CBoV genomes sequenced shared 87.4-89.2% nucleotide identities with that of CBoV strain Con-161. In addition to the three bocavirus ORFs, they encoded an additional ORF, ORF4, immediately downstream of the ORF for non-structural protein 1 (NS1), which was not found in other bocaviruses including CBoV strain Con-161. They also possessed a putative second exon encoding the C-terminal region of NS1 and conserved RNA-splicing signals, previously described in human bocaviruses. Partial VP1/VP2 sequence analysis of 23 FBoV and 25 CBoV strains demonstrated inter-host genetic diversity, with two potential genetic groups of FBoV and a novel CBoV group, CBoV-HK, distinct from the three groups, CBoV-A to -C, found in the USA. Although the pathogenicity of FBoV and CBoV remains to be determined, their presence in different host tissues suggested wide tissue tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hazel C Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jade L L Teng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ru Bai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rachel Y Y Fan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong
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Deng Y, Gu X, Zhao X, Luo J, Luo Z, Wang L, Fu Z, Yang X, Liu E. High viral load of human bocavirus correlates with duration of wheezing in children with severe lower respiratory tract infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34353. [PMID: 22479609 PMCID: PMC3316689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a newly discovered parvovirus and increasing evidences are available to support its role as an etiologic agent in lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). The objective of this study is to assess the impact of HBoV viral load on clinical characteristics in children who were HBoV positive and suffered severe LRTI. Methods Lower respiratory tract aspirates from 186 hospitalized children with severe LRTI were obtained by bronchoscopy. HBoVs were detected by real-time PCR and other 10 infectious agents were examined using PCR and/or direct fluorescent assay. Results Thirty-one patients (24.6%) were tested positive for HBoV in the respiratory tract aspirates. Fifteen samples had a high viral load (>104 copies/mL) and the other sixteen samples had a low viral load (<104 copies/mL). The duration of presented wheezing and hospitalization was longer in children with high viral load of HBoV than that in children with low viral load. The days of wheezing showed a correlation with viral load of HBoV. Conclusion We confirmed that HBoV was frequently detected in patients with severe LRTI. Wheezing was one of the most common symptoms presented by patients with positive HBoV. A high HBoV viral load could be an etiologic agent for LRTI, which led to more severe lower respiratory tract symptom, longer duration of wheezing and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Gu
- Paediatric unit of the Bethune International Peace Hospital of the PLA, Shijiazhuang Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiu Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Wang
- Laboratory of Children's Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiqiang Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Detection of human bocaviruses 1 to 4 from nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from patients with respiratory tract infections. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2118-21. [PMID: 22442328 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00098-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocaviruses (HBoV) 1, 2, 3, and 4 (HBoV1-4) were detected in 132 (15.5%), 5 (0.6%), 3 (0.4%), and 5 (0.6%) of 850 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from children with respiratory tract infections, respectively. Out of the 145 HBoV1-4-positive samples, 62 (42.8%) were codetected with other respiratory viruses.
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Guido M, Zizza A, Bredl S, Lindner J, De Donno A, Quattrocchi M, Grima P, Modrow S. Seroepidemiology of human bocavirus in Apulia, Italy. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E74-6. [PMID: 22309610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A serological survey was performed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against human bocavirus in an Apulian population. Anti-hBoV IgG antibodies were analysed in 1206 inhabitants (age range, 1month-84years) using a standardized ELISA test based on the use of recombinant hBoV VP2 virus-like particles. In total, 1075 (89.1%) of 1206 participants (mean age 32±24.8years) displayed anti-hBoV-IgG. The seroprevalence increased significantly (p<0.0001) in children from 2-4years (64.2%) to 5-9years (96.4%). A similar trend was observed in both male and female subjects. In conclusion, our results show that hBoV infection is common in this population, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guido
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy.
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