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Roy SD, Ramasamy S, Obbineni JM. An evaluation of nucleic acid-based molecular methods for the detection of plant viruses: a systematic review. Virusdisease 2024; 35:357-376. [PMID: 39071869 PMCID: PMC11269559 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-024-00863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise and timely diagnosis of plant viruses is a prerequisite for the implementation of efficient management strategies, considering factors like globalization of trade and climate change facilitating the spread of viruses that lead to agriculture yield losses of billions yearly worldwide. Symptomatic diagnosis alone may not be reliable due to the diverse symptoms and confusion with plant abiotic stresses. It is crucial to detect plant viruses accurately and reliably and do so with little time. A complete understanding of the various detection methods is necessary to achieve this. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), has become more popular as a method for detecting viruses but faces limitations such as antibody availability, cost, sample volume, and time. Advanced techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have surpassed ELISA with its various sensitive variants. Over the last decade, nucleic acid-based molecular methods have gained popularity and have quickly replaced other techniques, such as serological techniques for detecting plant viruses due to their specificity and accuracy. Hence, this review enables the reader to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each molecular technique starting with PCR and its variations, along with various isothermal amplification followed by DNA microarrays, and next-generation sequencing (NGS). As a result of the development of new technologies, NGS is becoming more and more accessible and cheaper, and it looks possible that this approach will replace others as a favoured approach for carrying out regular diagnosis. NGS is also becoming the method of choice for identifying novel viruses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-024-00863-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Deep Roy
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
- School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Jagan M. Obbineni
- School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
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2
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Alsanea MS, Al-Qahtani AA, Almaghrabi RS, AlAbdulkareem MA, Alahideb BM, Obeid D, Alsuwairi FA, Alhamlan FS. Diagnosis of Human Cytomegalovirus Drug Resistance Mutations in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients-A Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:203. [PMID: 38248079 PMCID: PMC10814084 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection may be asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can cause severe complications in immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients. Breakthrough and drug-resistant HCMV infections in such patients are major concerns. Clinicians are first challenged to accurately diagnose HCMV infection and then to identify the most effective antiviral drug and determine when to initiate therapy, alter drug dosage, or switch medication. This review critically examines HCMV diagnostics approaches, particularly for immunocompromised patients, and the development of genotypic techniques to rapidly diagnose drug resistance mutations. The current standard method to identify prevalent and well-known resistance mutations involves polymerase chain reaction amplification of UL97, UL54, and UL56 gene regions, followed by Sanger sequencing. This method can confirm clinical suspicion of drug resistance as well as determine the level of drug resistance and range of cross-resistance with other drugs. Despite the effectiveness of this approach, there remains an urgent need for more rapid and point-of-care HCMV diagnosis, allowing for timely lifesaving intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madain S. Alsanea
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.A.-Q.); (M.A.A.); (B.M.A.); (D.O.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.A.-Q.); (M.A.A.); (B.M.A.); (D.O.); (F.A.A.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S. Almaghrabi
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha A. AlAbdulkareem
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.A.-Q.); (M.A.A.); (B.M.A.); (D.O.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Basma M. Alahideb
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.A.-Q.); (M.A.A.); (B.M.A.); (D.O.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Dalia Obeid
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.A.-Q.); (M.A.A.); (B.M.A.); (D.O.); (F.A.A.)
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Feda A. Alsuwairi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.A.-Q.); (M.A.A.); (B.M.A.); (D.O.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Fatimah S. Alhamlan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (A.A.A.-Q.); (M.A.A.); (B.M.A.); (D.O.); (F.A.A.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Innovation and Patenting Activities During COVID-19 and Advancement of Biochemical and Molecular Diagnosis in the Post- COVID-19 Era. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2024; 18:210-226. [PMID: 37779409 DOI: 10.2174/0118722083262217230921042127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is to escalate globally and acquire new mutations quickly, so accurate diagnostic technologies play a vital role in controlling and understanding the epidemiology of the disease. A plethora of technologies acquires diagnosis of individuals and informs clinical management of COVID. Some important biochemical parameters for COVID diagnosis are the elevation of liver enzymes, creatinine, and nonspecific inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6). The main progression predictors are lymphopenia, elevated D-dimer, and hyperferritinemia, although it is also necessary to consider LDH, CPK, and troponin in the marker panel of diagnosis. Owing to the greater sensitivity and accuracy, molecular technologies such as conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, nested PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and xMAP technology have been extensively used for COVID diagnosis for some time now. To make so many diagnostics accessible to general people, many techniques may be exploited, including point of care (POC), also called bedside testing, which is developing as a portable promising tool in pathogen identification. Some other lateral flow assay (LFA)-centered techniques like SHERLOCK, CRISPR-Cas12a (AIOD-CRISPR), and FNCAS9 editor limited uniform detection assay (FELUDA), etc. have shown auspicious results in the rapid detection of pathogens. More recently, low-cost sequencing and advancements in big data management have resulted in a slow but steady rise of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches for diagnosis that have potential relevance for clinical purposes and may pave the way toward a better future. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, various institutions provided free, specialized websites and tools to promote research and access to critically needed advanced solutions by alleviating research and analysis of data within a substantial body of scientific and patent literature regarding biochemical and molecular diagnosis published since January 2020. This circumstance is unquestionably unique and difficult for anyone using patent information to find pertinent disclosures at a specific date in a trustworthy manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Ray
- Independent Researcher, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
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4
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Lawrence SM, Goshia T, Sinha M, Fraley SI, Williams M. Decoding human cytomegalovirus for the development of innovative diagnostics to detect congenital infection. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:532-542. [PMID: 38146009 PMCID: PMC10837078 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of congenital infectious disease and the leading nongenetic etiology of sensorineural hearing loss. Although most infected neonates are asymptomatic at birth, congenital cytomegalovirus infection is responsible for nearly 400 infant deaths annually in the United States and may lead to significant long-term neurodevelopmental impairments in survivors. The resulting financial and social burdens of congenital cytomegalovirus infection have led many medical centers to initiate targeted testing after birth, with a growing advocacy to advance universal newborn screening. While no cures or vaccines are currently available to eliminate or prevent cytomegalovirus infection, much has been learned over the last five years regarding disease pathophysiology and viral replication cycles that may enable the development of innovative diagnostics and therapeutics. This Review will detail our current understanding of congenital cytomegalovirus infection, while focusing our discussion on routine and emerging diagnostics for viral detection, quantification, and long-term prognostication. IMPACT: This review highlights our current understanding of the fetal transmission of human cytomegalovirus. It details clinical signs and physical findings of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. This submission discusses currently available cytomegalovirus diagnostics and introduces emerging platforms that promise improved sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection, viral quantification, detection of genomic antiviral resistance, and infection staging (primary, latency, reactivation, reinfection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley M Lawrence
- University of Utah, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Tyler Goshia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie I Fraley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marvin Williams
- University of Oklahoma, College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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5
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Altindiş M, Kahraman Kilbaş EP. Managing Viral Emerging Infectious Diseases via Current and Future Molecular Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081421. [PMID: 37189522 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging viral infectious diseases have been a constant threat to global public health in recent times. In managing these diseases, molecular diagnostics has played a critical role. Molecular diagnostics involves the use of various technologies to detect the genetic material of various pathogens, including viruses, in clinical samples. One of the most commonly used molecular diagnostics technologies for detecting viruses is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR amplifies specific regions of the viral genetic material in a sample, making it easier to detect and identify viruses. PCR is particularly useful for detecting viruses that are present in low concentrations in clinical samples, such as blood or saliva. Another technology that is becoming increasingly popular for viral diagnostics is next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS can sequence the entire genome of a virus present in a clinical sample, providing a wealth of information about the virus, including its genetic makeup, virulence factors, and potential to cause an outbreak. NGS can also help identify mutations and discover new pathogens that could affect the efficacy of antiviral drugs and vaccines. In addition to PCR and NGS, there are other molecular diagnostics technologies that are being developed to manage emerging viral infectious diseases. One of these is CRISPR-Cas, a genome editing technology that can be used to detect and cut specific regions of viral genetic material. CRISPR-Cas can be used to develop highly specific and sensitive viral diagnostic tests, as well as to develop new antiviral therapies. In conclusion, molecular diagnostics tools are critical for managing emerging viral infectious diseases. PCR and NGS are currently the most commonly used technologies for viral diagnostics, but new technologies such as CRISPR-Cas are emerging. These technologies can help identify viral outbreaks early, track the spread of viruses, and develop effective antiviral therapies and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Altindiş
- Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Türkiye
| | - Elmas Pınar Kahraman Kilbaş
- Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Fenerbahce University, Istanbul 34758, Türkiye
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6
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Eldem V, Kuralay SC, Özdoğan G, Özçelik GH, Aydın D, Çakmak G, Gürler MÖ, Çay SB, Çınar YU, Dikmen F, Yusuf I, Obut O, Kayalar Ö, Zararsız GE, Edizadeh M, Zararsız G, Akdeniz E, Özgür H, Tekin IM. Comprehensive analysis of circulating viral DNA in maternal plasma at population-scale using low-pass whole-genome sequencing. Genomics 2023; 115:110556. [PMID: 36599399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As the most readily adopted molecular screening test, low-pass WGS of maternal plasma cell-free DNA for aneuploidy detection generates a vast amount of genomic data. This large-scale method also allows for high-throughput virome screening. NIPT sequencing data, yielding 6.57 terabases of data from 187.8 billion reads, from 12,951 pregnant Turkish women was used to investigate the prevalence and abundance of viral DNA in plasma. Among the 22 virus sequences identified in 12% of participants were human papillomavirus, herpesvirus, betaherpesvirus and anellovirus. We observed a unique pattern of circulating viral DNA with a high prevalence of papillomaviruses. The prevalence of herpesviruses/anellovirus was similar among Turkish, European and Dutch populations. Hepatitis B prevalence was remarkably low in Dutch, European and Turkish populations, but higher in China. WGS data revealed that herpesvirus/anelloviruses are naturally found in European populations. This represents the first comprehensive research on the plasma virome of pregnant Turkish women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahap Eldem
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey.
| | - Selim Can Kuralay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
| | - Gülperi Özdoğan
- GENOKS Genetic Disease Diagnostic Center, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | | | - Dilşah Aydın
- GENOKS Genetic Disease Diagnostic Center, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Çakmak
- GENOKS Genetic Disease Diagnostic Center, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | | | - Selahattin Barış Çay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ulaş Çınar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
| | - Fatih Dikmen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
| | - Ishak Yusuf
- GENOKS Genetic Disease Diagnostic Center, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Onur Obut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
| | - Özgecan Kayalar
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Gözde Ertürk Zararsız
- Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Erciyes University, Drug Application and Research Center (ERFARMA), Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Masoud Edizadeh
- GENOKS Genetic Disease Diagnostic Center, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Gökmen Zararsız
- Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Erciyes University, Drug Application and Research Center (ERFARMA), Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Eren Akdeniz
- GENOKS Genetic Disease Diagnostic Center, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Hilal Özgür
- GENOKS Genetic Disease Diagnostic Center, Ankara 06560, Turkey
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7
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Gueudry J, Bodaghi B. Advances in the microbiological diagnosis of herpetic retinitis. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:990240. [PMID: 38983563 PMCID: PMC11182275 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.990240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Viral retinitis associated with herpesvirus is one of the most severe forms of uveitis and is a potentially sight-threatening ophthalmologic disease. The prognosis is poor and a rapid and aggressive management is necessary to improve the visual and sometimes vital prognosis of these patients. The treatments used are not without side effects, while many differential diagnoses exist, such as toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, syphilitic retinitis, endogenous endophthalmitis and intraocular lymphoma. Causatives viruses are herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus, which require rapid detection in ocular fluid, mainly aqueous humor. However, only a small amount of intraocular fluid is available for analysis. Advances in microbiological diagnostic techniques therefore were key factors in improving the management of these diseases. Historically, the diagnosis was based on immunological tests but more recently advances in molecular biology, in particular polymerase chain reaction, have played a crucial role to obtain a reliable and rapid diagnosis of viral retinitis associated with herpesvirus, as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gueudry
- Department of Ophthalmology - Charles Nicolle University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Bahram Bodaghi
- Department of Ophthalmology, DHU ViewRestore, Sorbonne Université, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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Cheng D, Huang SW, Chin WX, Hung SJ, Tsai HP, Chu JJH, Chao CH, Wang JR. Impact of Intrahost NS5 Nucleotide Variations on Dengue Virus Replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:894200. [PMID: 35865937 PMCID: PMC9294511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.894200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the nature of RNA viruses, their high mutation rates produce a population of closely related but genetically diverse viruses, termed quasispecies. To determine the role of quasispecies in DENV disease severity, 22 isolates (10 from mild cases, 12 from fatal cases) were obtained, amplified, and sequenced with Next Generation Sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Using variation calling, unique wildtype nucleotide positions were selected and analyzed for variant nucleotides between mild and fatal cases. The analysis of variant nucleotides between mild and fatal cases showed 6 positions with a significant difference of p < 0.05 with 1 position in the structural region, and 5 positions in the non-structural (NS) regions. All variations were found to have a higher percentage in fatal cases. To further investigate the genetic changes that affect the virus’s properties, reverse genetics (rg) viruses containing substitutions with the variations were generated and viral growth properties were examined. We found that the virus variant rgNS5-T7812G (G81G) had higher replication rates in both Baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) and Vero cells while rgNS5-C9420A (A617A) had a higher replication rate only in BHK-21 cells compared to wildtype virus. Both variants were considered temperature sensitive whereby the viral titers of the variants were relatively lower at 39°C, but was higher at 35 and 37°C. Additionally, the variants were thermally stable compared to wildtype at temperatures of 29, 37, and 39°C. In conclusion, viral quasispecies found in isolates from the 2015 DENV epidemic, resulted in variations with significant difference between mild and fatal cases. These variations, NS5-T7812G (G81G) and NS5-C9420A (A617A), affect viral properties which may play a role in the virulence of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Xin Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su-Jhen Hung
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Chao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jen-Ren Wang,
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9
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Parris DJ, Kariithi H, Suarez DL. Non-target RNA depletion strategy to improve sensitivity of next-generation sequencing for the detection of RNA viruses in poultry. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:638-645. [PMID: 35791437 PMCID: PMC9266509 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PCR-based assays have become the benchmark for detecting pathogens of poultry and other livestock; however, these techniques are limited in their ability to detect multiple infecting agents, provide limited genetic information on the pathogen, and, for RNA viruses, must be reviewed frequently to assure high sensitivity and specificity. In contrast, untargeted, high-throughput sequencing can rapidly detect all infecting agents in a sample while providing genomic sequence information to allow more in-depth characterization of viruses. Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers many advantages, one of its primary limitations is low sensitivity to pathogens given the abundance of host and other non-target sequences in sequencing libraries. We explored methods for improving the sensitivity of NGS to detect respiratory and enteric viruses in poultry from RNA extracts of swab samples. We employed commercial and custom-designed negative enrichment strategies to selectively deplete the most abundant rRNA reads from the host and non-target bacteria; host RNA was diminished from up to 40% of total reads to as low as 3%, and the total number of reads assigned to abundant bacterial classes were reduced greatly. Our treatment resulted in up to a 700-fold increase in the number of viral reads, detection of a greater number of viral agents, and higher average genome coverage for pathogens. Depletion assays added only 2 h to the NGS library preparation workflow. Custom depletion probe design offered significant cost savings (US$7-12 per sample) compared to commercial kits (US$30-50 per sample).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L. Suarez
- David L. Suarez, Southeast
Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural
Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605,
USA.
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10
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Babaei A, Pouremamali A, Rafiee N, Sohrabi H, Mokhtarzadeh A, de la Guardia M. Genosensors as an alternative diagnostic sensing approaches for specific detection of various certain viruses: a review of common techniques and outcomes. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 155:116686. [PMID: 35611316 PMCID: PMC9119280 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are responsible for the deaths of millions of people throughout the world. Since outbreak of highly contagious and mutant viruses such as contemporary sars-cov-2 pandemic, has challenged the conventional diagnostic methods, the entity of a thoroughly sensitive, specific, rapid and inexpensive detecting technique with minimum level of false-positivity or -negativity, is desperately needed more than any time in the past decades. Biosensors as minimized devices could detect viruses in simple formats. So far, various nucleic acid, immune- and protein-based biosensors were designed and tested for recognizing the genome, antigen, or protein level of viruses, respectively; however, nucleic acid-based sensing techniques, which is the foundation of constructing genosensors, are preferred not only because of their ultra-sensitivity and applicability in the early stages of infections but also for their ability to differentiate various strains of the same virus. To date, the review articles related to genosensors are just confined to particular pathogenic diseases; In this regard, the present review covers comprehensive information of the research progress of the electrochemical, optical, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) genosensors that applied for human viruses' diseases detection and also provides a well description of viruses' clinical importance, the conventional diagnosis approaches of viruses and their disadvantages. This review would address the limitations in the current developments as well as the future challenges involved in the successful construction of sensing approaches with the functionalized nanomaterials and also allow exploring into core-research works regarding this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abouzar Babaei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Pouremamali
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rafiee
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hessamaddin Sohrabi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Wang M, Chen L, Dong M, Li J, Zhu B, Yang Z, Gong Q, Han Y, Yu D, Zhang D, Zoulim F, Zhang J, Zhang X. Viral quasispecies quantitative analysis: a novel approach for appraising the immune tolerant phase of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:842-851. [PMID: 33870846 PMCID: PMC8812768 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1919033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Few non-invasive models were established for precisely identifying the immune tolerant (IT) phase from chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to develop a novel approach that combined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and machine learning algorithms using our recently published viral quasispecies (QS) analysis package. 290 HBeAg positive patients from whom liver biopsies were taken were enrolled and divided into a training group (n = 148) and a validation group (n = 142). HBV DNA was extracted and QS sequences were obtained by NGS. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) based on viral operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were performed to explore the correlations among QS and clinical phenotypes. Three machine learning algorithms, including K-nearest neighbour, support vector machine, and random forest algorithm, were used to construct diagnostic models for IT phase classification. Based on histopathology, 90 IT patients and 200 CHB patients were diagnosed. HBsAg titres for IT patients were higher than those of CHB patients (p < 0.001). HCA and PCA analysis grouped IT and CHB patients into two distinct clusters. The relative abundance of viral OTUs differed mainly within the BCP/precore/core region and was significantly correlated with liver inflammation and fibrosis. For the IT phase classification, all machine-learning models showed higher AUC values compared to models based on HBsAg, APRI, and FIB-4. The relative abundance of viral OTUs reflects the severity of liver inflammation and fibrosis. The novel QS quantitative analysis approach could be used to diagnose IT patients more precisely and reduce the need for liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - MinHui Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOH & MOE), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Beidi Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOH & MOE), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhitao Yang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOH & MOE), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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12
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Cassedy A, Parle-McDermott A, O’Kennedy R. Virus Detection: A Review of the Current and Emerging Molecular and Immunological Methods. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:637559. [PMID: 33959631 PMCID: PMC8093571 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.637559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous in the environment. While many impart no deleterious effects on their hosts, several are major pathogens. This risk of pathogenicity, alongside the fact that many viruses can rapidly mutate highlights the need for suitable, rapid diagnostic measures. This review provides a critical analysis of widely used methods and examines their advantages and limitations. Currently, nucleic-acid detection and immunoassay methods are among the most popular means for quickly identifying viral infection directly from source. Nucleic acid-based detection generally offers high sensitivity, but can be time-consuming, costly, and require trained staff. The use of isothermal-based amplification systems for detection could aid in the reduction of results turnaround and equipment-associated costs, making them appealing for point-of-use applications, or when high volume/fast turnaround testing is required. Alternatively, immunoassays offer robustness and reduced costs. Furthermore, some immunoassay formats, such as those using lateral-flow technology, can generate results very rapidly. However, immunoassays typically cannot achieve comparable sensitivity to nucleic acid-based detection methods. Alongside these methods, the application of next-generation sequencing can provide highly specific results. In addition, the ability to sequence large numbers of viral genomes would provide researchers with enhanced information and assist in tracing infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cassedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - R. O’Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Current Developments and Challenges in Plant Viral Diagnostics: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030412. [PMID: 33807625 PMCID: PMC7999175 DOI: 10.3390/v13030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viral diseases are the foremost threat to sustainable agriculture, leading to several billion dollars in losses every year. Many viruses infecting several crops have been described in the literature; however, new infectious viruses are emerging frequently through outbreaks. For the effective treatment and prevention of viral diseases, there is great demand for new techniques that can provide accurate identification on the causative agents. With the advancements in biochemical and molecular biology techniques, several diagnostic methods with improved sensitivity and specificity for the detection of prevalent and/or unknown plant viruses are being continuously developed. Currently, serological and nucleic acid methods are the most widely used for plant viral diagnosis. Nucleic acid-based techniques that amplify target DNA/RNA have been evolved with many variants. However, there is growing interest in developing techniques that can be based in real-time and thus facilitate in-field diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based innovative methods have shown great potential to detect multiple viruses simultaneously; however, such techniques are in the preliminary stages in plant viral disease diagnostics. This review discusses the recent progress in the use of NGS-based techniques for the detection, diagnosis, and identification of plant viral diseases. New portable devices and technologies that could provide real-time analyses in a relatively short period of time are prime important for in-field diagnostics. Current development and application of such tools and techniques along with their potential limitations in plant virology are likewise discussed in detail.
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14
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Posada-Céspedes S, Seifert D, Topolsky I, Jablonski KP, Metzner KJ, Beerenwinkel N. V-pipe: a computational pipeline for assessing viral genetic diversity from high-throughput data. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:1673-1680. [PMID: 33471068 PMCID: PMC8289377 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation High-throughput sequencing technologies are used increasingly not only in viral genomics research but also in clinical surveillance and diagnostics. These technologies facilitate the assessment of the genetic diversity in intra-host virus populations, which affects transmission, virulence and pathogenesis of viral infections. However, there are two major challenges in analysing viral diversity. First, amplification and sequencing errors confound the identification of true biological variants, and second, the large data volumes represent computational limitations. Results To support viral high-throughput sequencing studies, we developed V-pipe, a bioinformatics pipeline combining various state-of-the-art statistical models and computational tools for automated end-to-end analyses of raw sequencing reads. V-pipe supports quality control, read mapping and alignment, low-frequency mutation calling, and inference of viral haplotypes. For generating high-quality read alignments, we developed a novel method, called ngshmmalign, based on profile hidden Markov models and tailored to small and highly diverse viral genomes. V-pipe also includes benchmarking functionality providing a standardized environment for comparative evaluations of different pipeline configurations. We demonstrate this capability by assessing the impact of three different read aligners (Bowtie 2, BWA MEM, ngshmmalign) and two different variant callers (LoFreq, ShoRAH) on the performance of calling single-nucleotide variants in intra-host virus populations. V-pipe supports various pipeline configurations and is implemented in a modular fashion to facilitate adaptations to the continuously changing technology landscape. Availabilityand implementation V-pipe is freely available at https://github.com/cbg-ethz/V-pipe. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Posada-Céspedes
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - David Seifert
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Topolsky
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Kim Philipp Jablonski
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Karin J Metzner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.,4 Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
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15
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Haddad G, Bellali S, Fontanini A, Francis R, La Scola B, Levasseur A, Bou Khalil J, Raoult D. Rapid Scanning Electron Microscopy Detection and Sequencing of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Other Respiratory Viruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:596180. [PMID: 33329483 PMCID: PMC7711091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for accurate and rapid testing methods to quickly identify infected patients as well as asymptomatic carriers, in order to prevent the spread of emerging viruses. Here, we developed a rapid testing strategy by scanning electron microscopy capable of detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses directly from patients. We evaluated our results by comparing them to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and metagenomic sequencing results. We correlated the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 to the viral load, where samples with Ct values lower than 18 were all detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sensitivity deacresed progressively with higher Ct values. In addition, we found a correlation with metagenomic sequencing, where all samples detected by SEM were sequenced and viral sequences were easily recovered. Following this study, SEM proved its efficiency as a frontline method for directly detecting previously unknown microorganisms that cannot be targeted by molecular methods and can cause potential outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Haddad
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sara Bellali
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Fontanini
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Rania Francis
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Bou Khalil
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
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16
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Determining the Suitability of MinION's Direct RNA and DNA Amplicon Sequencing for Viral Subtype Identification. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080801. [PMID: 32722480 PMCID: PMC7472323 DOI: 10.3390/v12080801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The MinION sequencer is increasingly being used for the detection and outbreak surveillance of pathogens due to its rapid throughput. For RNA viruses, MinION's new direct RNA sequencing is the next significant development. Direct RNA sequencing studies are currently limited and comparisons of its diagnostic performance relative to different DNA sequencing approaches are lacking as a result. We sought to address this gap and sequenced six subtypes from the mycovirus CHV-1 using MinION's direct RNA sequencing and DNA sequencing based on a targeted viral amplicon. Reads from both techniques could correctly identify viral presence and species using BLAST, though direct RNA reads were more frequently misassigned to closely related CHV species. De novo consensus sequences were error prone but suitable for viral species identification. However, subtype identification was less accurate from both reads and consensus sequences. This is due to the high sequencing error rate and the limited sequence divergence between some CHV-1 subtypes. Importantly, neither RNA nor amplicon sequencing reads could be used to obtain reliable intra-host variants. Overall, both sequencing techniques were suitable for virus detection, though limitations are present due to the error rate of MinION reads.
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17
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Lu IN, Muller CP, He FQ. Applying next-generation sequencing to unravel the mutational landscape in viral quasispecies. Virus Res 2020; 283:197963. [PMID: 32278821 PMCID: PMC7144618 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the scale and depth of biomedical sciences. Because of its unique ability for the detection of sub-clonal variants within genetically diverse populations, NGS has been successfully applied to analyze and quantify the exceptionally-high diversity within viral quasispecies, and many low-frequency drug- or vaccine-resistant mutations of therapeutic importance have been discovered. Although many works have intensively discussed the latest NGS approaches and applications in general, none of them has focused on applying NGS in viral quasispecies studies, mostly due to the limited ability of current NGS technologies to accurately detect and quantify rare viral variants. Here, we summarize several error-correction strategies that have been developed to enhance the detection accuracy of minority variants. We also discuss critical considerations for preparing a sequencing library from viral RNAs and for analyzing NGS data to unravel the mutational landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Na Lu
- DKFZ-Division Translational Neurooncology at the WTZ, DKTK partner site, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Laboratoire National de Santé, L-3583 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Feng Q He
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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18
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Multi-Laboratory Comparison of Next-Generation to Sanger-Based Sequencing for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Genotyping. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070694. [PMID: 32605062 PMCID: PMC7411816 DOI: 10.3390/v12070694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly used for HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping. NGS methods have the potential for a more sensitive detection of low-abundance variants (LAV) compared to standard Sanger sequencing (SS) methods. A standardized threshold for reporting LAV that generates data comparable to those derived from SS is needed to allow for the comparability of data from laboratories using NGS and SS. Ten HIV-1 specimens were tested in ten laboratories using Illumina MiSeq-based methods. The consensus sequences for each specimen using LAV thresholds of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were compared to each other and to the consensus of the SS sequences (protease 4-99; reverse transcriptase 38-247). The concordance among laboratories' sequences at different thresholds was evaluated by pairwise sequence comparisons. NGS sequences generated using the 20% threshold were the most similar to the SS consensus (average 99.6% identity, range 96.1-100%), compared to 15% (99.4%, 88.5-100%), 10% (99.2%, 87.4-100%), or 5% (98.5%, 86.4-100%). The average sequence identity between laboratories using thresholds of 20%, 15%, 10%, and 5% was 99.1%, 98.7%, 98.3%, and 97.3%, respectively. Using the 20% threshold, we observed an excellent agreement between NGS and SS, but significant differences at lower thresholds. Understanding how variation in NGS methods influences sequence quality is essential for NGS-based HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping.
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19
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Marine RL, Magaña LC, Castro CJ, Zhao K, Montmayeur AM, Schmidt A, Diez-Valcarce M, Ng TFF, Vinjé J, Burns CC, Nix WA, Rota PA, Oberste MS. Comparison of Illumina MiSeq and the Ion Torrent PGM and S5 platforms for whole-genome sequencing of picornaviruses and caliciviruses. J Virol Methods 2020; 280:113865. [PMID: 32302601 PMCID: PMC9119587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing is a powerful tool for virological surveillance. While Illumina® and Ion Torrent® sequencing platforms are used extensively for generating viral RNA genome sequences, there is limited data comparing different platforms. The Illumina MiSeq, Ion Torrent PGM and Ion Torrent S5 platforms were evaluated using a panel of sixteen specimens containing picornaviruses and human caliciviruses (noroviruses and sapoviruses). The specimens were processed, using combinations of three library preparation and five sequencing kits, to assess the quality and completeness of assembled viral genomes, and an estimation of cost per sample to generate the data was calculated. The choice of library preparation kit and sequencing platform was found to impact the breadth of genome coverage and accuracy of consensus viral genomes. The Ion Torrent S5 510 chip runs produced more reads at a lower cost per sample than the highest output Ion Torrent PGM 318 chip run, and generated the highest proportion of reads for enterovirus D68 samples. However, indels at homopolymer regions impacted the accuracy of consensus genome sequences. For lower throughput sequencing runs (i.e., Ion Torrent 510 and Illumina MiSeq Nano V2), the cost per sample was lower on the MiSeq platform, whereas with higher throughput runs (Ion Torrent 530 and Illumina MiSeq V2) there is less of a difference in the cost per sample between the two sequencing platforms ($5.47-$10.25 more per sample for an Ion Torrent 530 chip run when multiplexing 24 samples). These findings suggest that the Ion Torrent S5 and Illumina MiSeq platforms are both viable options for genomic sequencing of RNA viruses, each with specific advantages and tradeoffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Marine
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Laura C Magaña
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christina J Castro
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kun Zhao
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Marta Diez-Valcarce
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Terry Fei Fan Ng
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cara C Burns
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Allan Nix
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul A Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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Kaszab E, Doszpoly A, Lanave G, Verma A, Bányai K, Malik YS, Marton S. Metagenomics revealing new virus species in farm and pet animals and aquaculture. GENOMICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN VETERINARY, POULTRY, AND FISHERIES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7149329 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816352-8.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Viral metagenomics is slowly taking over the traditional and widely used molecular techniques for the investigation of pathogenic viruses responsible for illness and inflicting great economic burden on the farm animal industry. Owing to the continued improvements in sequencing technologies and the dramatic reduction of per base costs of sequencing the use of next generation sequencing have been key factors in this progress. Discoveries linked to viral metagenomics are expected to be beneficial to the field of veterinary medicine starting from the development of better diagnostic assays to the design of new subunit vaccines with minimal investments. With these achievements the research has taken a giant leap even toward the better healthcare of animals and, as a result, the animal sector could be growing at an unprecedented pace.
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21
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Pettersson JHO, Piorkowski G, Mayxay M, Rattanavong S, Vongsouvath M, Davong V, Alfsnes K, Eldholm V, de Lamballerie X, Holmes EC, Newton PN, Dubot-Pérès A. Meta-transcriptomic identification of hepatitis B virus in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with central nervous system disease. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:114878. [PMID: 31451314 PMCID: PMC6892275 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Determining the etiological basis of central nervous system (CNS) infections is inherently challenging, primarily due to the multi-etiological nature. Using RNA sequencing, we aimed to identify microbes present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of two patients suffering CNS infection, previously diagnosed with Cryptococcus sp. and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, respectively. After meta-transcriptomic analysis, and confirmation with real-time PCR, hepatitis B virus (HBV) was detected in the CSF of two patients diagnosed with CNS syndrome. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial HBV genomes from these patients showed that they belonged to genotypes B and C and clustered with other viruses of Asian origin. In countries with high levels of HBV endemicity, the virus is likely to be found in patients diagnosed with CNS infections, although whether it contributes to symptoms and pathology, or is simply a coincidental infection, is unknown and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H-O Pettersson
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Public Health Agency of Sweden, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 82, Solna, Sweden; Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, Oslo 0456, Norway.
| | - Geraldine Piorkowski
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR; Institute of Research and Education Development (IRED), University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao PDR; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sayaphet Rattanavong
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Manivanh Vongsouvath
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Viengmon Davong
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Kristian Alfsnes
- Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, Oslo 0456, Norway
| | - Vegard Eldholm
- Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, Oslo 0456, Norway
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul N Newton
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Dubot-Pérès
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France; Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b displays higher genetic variability of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) than genotype 3. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12846. [PMID: 31492939 PMCID: PMC6731259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by high genetic variability, which is manifested both at the inter-host and intra-host levels. However, its role in the clinical course of infection is less obvious. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic variability of HCV HVR1 (hypervariable region 1) of genotype 1b and 3 in plasma of blood donors in the early seronegative stage of infection (HCV-RNA+, anti-HCV−) and in samples from chronically infected patients using next-generation sequencing. Sequencing errors were corrected, and haplotypes inferred using the ShoRAH software. Genetic diversity parameters (intra-host number of variants, number of nucleotide substitutions and diversity per site) were assessed by DNA SP and MEGA. During the early infection, the number of variants were significantly lower in subjects infected with genotype 3 than with genotype 1b (p < 0.02). Similarly, intra-host number of variants, number of nucleotide substitutions and diversity per site were lower in genotype 3 chronic infection (p < 0.0005). In addition, early infection was characterized by significantly lower HVR1 variability values (p < 0.04) when compared to chronic infection for both genotypes. It seems that the observed differences in HVR1 variability represent an inherent property of particular viral genotypes.
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Hunsperger E, Juma B, Onyango C, Ochieng JB, Omballa V, Fields BS, Njenga MK, Mwangi J, Bigogo G, Omore R, Otieno N, Chaves SS, Munyua P, Njau DM, Verani J, Lowther S, Breiman RF, Montgomery JM, De Cock KM, Widdowson MA. Building laboratory capacity to detect and characterize pathogens of public and global health security concern in Kenya. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:477. [PMID: 32326916 PMCID: PMC6696698 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1979, multiple CDC Kenya programs have supported the development of diagnostic expertise and laboratory capacity in Kenya. In 2004, CDC’s Global Disease Detection (GDD) program within the Division of Global Health Protection in Kenya (DGHP-Kenya) initiated close collaboration with Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) and developed a laboratory partnership called the Diagnostic and Laboratory Systems Program (DLSP). DLSP built onto previous efforts by malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) programs and supported the expansion of the diagnostic expertise and capacity in KEMRI and the Ministry of Health. First, DLSP developed laboratory capacity for surveillance of diarrheal, respiratory, zoonotic and febrile illnesses to understand the etiology burden of these common illnesses and support evidenced-based decisions on vaccine introductions and recommendations in Kenya. Second, we have evaluated and implemented new diagnostic technologies such as TaqMan Array Cards (TAC) to detect emerging or reemerging pathogens and have recently added a next generation sequencer (NGS). Third, DLSP provided rapid laboratory diagnostic support for outbreak investigation to Kenya and regional countries. Fourth, DLSP has been assisting the Kenya National Public Health laboratory-National Influenza Center and microbiology reference laboratory to obtain World Health Organization (WHO) certification and ISO15189 accreditation respectively. Fifth, we have supported biosafety and biosecurity curriculum development to help Kenyan laboratories safely and appropriately manage infectious pathogens. These achievements, highlight how in collaboration with existing CDC programs working on HIV, tuberculosis and malaria, the Global Health Security Agenda can have significantly improve public health in Kenya and the region. Moreover, Kenya provides an example as to how laboratory science can help countries detect and control of infectious disease outbreaks and other public health threats more rapidly, thus enhancing global health security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hunsperger
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health (CGH), Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP), Nairobi, Kenya. .,CDC, CGH, DGHP, Epidemiology, Informatics, Surveillance and Laboratory Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Bonventure Juma
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health (CGH), Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Clayton Onyango
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health (CGH), Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John B Ochieng
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Barry S Fields
- CDC, CGH, DGHP, Epidemiology, Informatics, Surveillance and Laboratory Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jane Mwangi
- CDC, CGH, Division of Global HIV and TB (DGHT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Godfrey Bigogo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Richard Omore
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Nancy Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Sandra S Chaves
- CDC, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Influenza Division, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peninah Munyua
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health (CGH), Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Macharia Njau
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health (CGH), Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer Verani
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health (CGH), Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP), Nairobi, Kenya.,CDC, CGH, DGHP, Epidemiology, Informatics, Surveillance and Laboratory Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara Lowther
- CDC, DGHP, Workforce Institute Development Branch, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert F Breiman
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- CDC, CGH, DGHP, Epidemiology, Informatics, Surveillance and Laboratory Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin M De Cock
- CDC, CGH, Division of Global HIV and TB (DGHT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marc-Alain Widdowson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health (CGH), Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP), Nairobi, Kenya.,CDC, CGH, DGHP, Epidemiology, Informatics, Surveillance and Laboratory Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
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24
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Mintzer V, Moran-Gilad J, Simon-Tuval T. Operational models and criteria for incorporating microbial whole genome sequencing in hospital microbiology - A systematic literature review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1086-1095. [PMID: 31039443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial whole genome sequencing (WGS) has many advantages over standard microbiological methods. However, it is not yet widely implemented in routine hospital diagnostics due to notable challenges. OBJECTIVES The aim was to extract managerial, financial and clinical criteria supporting the decision to implement WGS in routine diagnostic microbiology, across different operational models of implementation in the hospital setting. METHODS This was a systematic review of literature identified through PubMed and Web of Science. English literature studies discussing the applications of microbial WGS without limitation on publication date were eligible. A narrative approach for categorization and synthesis of the sources identified was adopted. RESULTS A total of 98 sources were included. Four main alternative operational models for incorporating WGS in clinical microbiology laboratories were identified: full in-house sequencing and analysis, full outsourcing of sequencing and analysis and two hybrid models combining in-house/outsourcing of the sequencing and analysis components. Six main criteria (and multiple related sub-criteria) for WGS implementation emerged from our review and included cost (e.g. the availability of resources for capital and operational investment); manpower (e.g. the ability to provide training programmes or recruit trained personnel), laboratory infrastructure (e.g. the availability of supplies and consumables or sequencing platforms), bioinformatics requirements (e.g. the availability of valid analysis tools); computational infrastructure (e.g. the availability of storage space or data safety arrangements); and quality control (e.g. the existence of standardized procedures). CONCLUSIONS The decision to incorporate WGS in routine diagnostics involves multiple, sometimes competing, criteria and sub-criteria. Mapping these criteria systematically is an essential stage in developing policies for adoption of this technology, e.g. using a multicriteria decision tool. Future research that will prioritize criteria and sub-criteria that were identified in our review in the context of operational models will inform decision-making at clinical and managerial levels with respect to effective implementation of WGS for routine use. Beyond WGS, similar decision-making challenges are expected with respect to future integration of clinical metagenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mintzer
- Department of Health Systems Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; Leumit Health Services, Israel
| | - J Moran-Gilad
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; ESCMID Study Group for Genomic and Molecular Diagnostics (ESGMD), Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Simon-Tuval
- Department of Health Systems Management, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
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25
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Abstract
Viruses, which are the most abundant biological entities on the planet, have been regarded as the "dark matter" of biology in the sense that despite their ubiquity and frequent presence in large numbers, their detection and analysis are not always straightforward. The majority of them are very small (falling under the limit of 0.5 μm), and collectively, they are extraordinarily diverse. In fact, the majority of the genetic diversity on the planet is found in the so-called virosphere, or the world of viruses. Furthermore, the most frequent viral agents of disease in humans display an RNA genome, and frequently evolve very fast, due to the fact that most of their polymerases are devoid of proofreading activity. Therefore, their detection, genetic characterization, and epidemiological surveillance are rather challenging. This review (part of the Curated Collection on Advances in Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases) describes many of the methods that, throughout the last few decades, have been used for viral detection and analysis. Despite the challenge of having to deal with high genetic diversity, the majority of these methods still depend on the amplification of viral genomic sequences, using sequence-specific or sequence-independent approaches, exploring thermal profiles or a single nucleic acid amplification temperature. Furthermore, viral populations, and especially those with RNA genomes, are not usually genetically uniform but encompass swarms of genetically related, though distinct, viral genomes known as viral quasispecies. Therefore, sequence analysis of viral amplicons needs to take this fact into consideration, as it constitutes a potential analytic problem. Possible technical approaches to deal with it are also described here. *This article is part of a curated collection.
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Dias M, Pattabiraman C, Siddappa S, Gowda M, Shet A, Smith D, Muehlemann B, Tamma K, Solomon T, Jones T, Krishna S. Complete assembly of a dengue virus type 3 genome from a recent genotype III clade by metagenomic sequencing of serum. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 3:44. [PMID: 30167467 PMCID: PMC6085601 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14438.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), cause life-threatening diseases, particularly in the tropics. Methods: Here we performed unbiased metagenomic sequencing of RNA extracted from the serum of four patients and the plasma of one patient, all hospitalized at a tertiary care centre in South India with severe or prolonged febrile illness, together with the serum from one healthy control, in 2014. Results: We identified and assembled a complete dengue virus type 3 sequence from a case of severe dengue fever. We also identified a small number of JEV sequences in the serum of two adults with febrile illness, including one with severe dengue. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the dengue sequence belonged to genotype III. It has an estimated divergence time of 13.86 years from the most highly related Indian strains. In total, 11 amino acid substitutions were predicted for this strain in the antigenic envelope protein, when compared to the parent strain used for development of the first commercial dengue vaccine. Conclusions: We demonstrate that both genome assembly and detection of a low number of viral sequences are possible through the unbiased sequencing of clinical material. These methods may help ascertain causal agents for febrile illnesses with no known cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dias
- St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Chitra Pattabiraman
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, India, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Shilpa Siddappa
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Malali Gowda
- Trans-Disciplinary University, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Anita Shet
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Derek Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Barbara Muehlemann
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | - Tom Solomon
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, and National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Terry Jones
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
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Maggi F, Pistello M, Antonelli G. Future management of viral diseases: role of new technologies and new approaches in microbial interactions. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:136-141. [PMID: 30502490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New technologies allow rapid detecting and counting of virus genomes in clinical specimens, defining susceptibility to specific antivirals, pinpointing molecular sequences correlated to virulence traits, and identifying viral and host factors driving resolution or chronicity of infections. As a result, during the past three decades the diagnostic virology laboratory has become crucial for patient care and an integral component of the multifarious armamentarium for patient management. This change in paradigm has caused obsolescence of methods once considered the reference standard of infectious disease diagnosis that were used to detect whole or specific components of virions in the specimen. OBJECTIVES This review provides an overview of standard and novel technologies applied to molecular diagnosis of viral infections and illustrates some crucial points for correcting interpretation of the laboratory data. SOURCES Peer-reviewed literature of topics pertinent to this review. CONTENT AND IMPLICATIONS New technologies are reinventing the way virologic diagnoses are made, with a conversion to new, simpler-to-use platforms. Although indicated for the same purpose, not all methods are equal and can yield different results. Further, tests identifying multiple analytes at once can detect microorganisms present or activated as a result of pathologic processes triggered by other pathogens or noninfectious causes. Thus, new directions will have to be taken in the way in which the diagnoses of viral diseases are performed. This represents a breakthrough in the clinical virology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Maggi
- Department of Translational Research, Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Virology Division, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Pistello
- Department of Translational Research, Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Virology Division, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology and Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital 'Policlinico Umberto I,' Rome, Italy.
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28
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Detection of Viruses in Clinical Samples by Use of Metagenomic Sequencing and Targeted Sequence Capture. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.01123-18. [PMID: 30232133 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01123-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS) is a revolutionary approach to viral diagnostic testing that allows simultaneous detection of a broad range of viruses, detailed taxonomic assignment, and detection of mutations associated with antiviral drug resistance. To enhance sensitivity for virus detection, we previously developed ViroCap, a targeted sequence capture panel designed to enrich nucleic acid from a comprehensive set of eukaryotic viruses prior to sequencing. To demonstrate the utility of MSS with targeted sequence capture for detecting clinically important viruses and characterizing clinically important viral features, we used ViroCap to analyze clinical samples from a diagnostic virology laboratory containing a broad range of medically relevant viruses. From 26 samples, MSS with ViroCap detected all of the expected viruses and 30 additional viruses. Comparing sequencing after capture enrichment with standard MSS, we detected 13 viruses only with capture enrichment and observed a consistent increase in the number and percentage of viral sequence reads as well as the breadth and depth of coverage of the viral genomes. Compared with clinical testing, MSS enhanced taxonomic assignment for 15 viruses, and codons associated with antiviral drug resistance in influenza A virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) could be analyzed. Overall, in clinical samples, MSS with targeted sequence capture provides enhanced virus detection and information of clinical and epidemiologic relevance compared with clinical testing and MSS without targeted sequence capture.
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29
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Vigne E, Garcia S, Komar V, Lemaire O, Hily JM. Comparison of Serological and Molecular Methods With High-Throughput Sequencing for the Detection and Quantification of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus in Vineyard Samples. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2726. [PMID: 30524388 PMCID: PMC6262039 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is the main causal agent of fanleaf degeneration, the most damaging viral disease of grapevine. GFLV is included in most grapevine certification programs that rely on robust diagnostic tools such as biological indexing, serological methods, and molecular techniques, for the identification of clean stocks. The emergence of high throughput sequencing (HTS) offers new opportunities for detecting GFLV and other viruses in grapevine accessions of interest. Here, two HTS-based methods, i.e., RNAseq and smallRNAseq (focusing on the 21 to 27 nt) were explored for their potential to characterize the virome of grapevine samples from two 30-year-old GFLV-infected vineyards in the Champagne region of France. smallrnaseq was optimal for the detection of a wide range of viral species within a sample and RNAseq was the method of choice for full-length viral genome assembly. The implementation of a protocol to discriminate between low GFLV titer and in silico contamination (intra-lane contamination due to index misassignment) during data processing was critical for data analyses. Furthermore, we compared the performance of semi-quantitative DAS-ELISA (double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), RT-qPCR (Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction), Immuno capture (IC)-RT-PCR, northern blot for viral small interfering RNA (vsiRNA) detection and RNAseq for the detection and quantification of GFLV. While detection limits were variable among methods, as expected, GFLV diagnosis was consistently achieved with all of these diagnostic methods. Together, this work highlights the robustness of DAS-ELISA, the current method routinely used in the French grapevine certification program, for the detection of GFLV and offers perspectives on the potential of HTS as an approach of high interest for certification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Vigne
- L'UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRA-Université de Strasbourg, Colmar, France
| | - Shahinez Garcia
- L'UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRA-Université de Strasbourg, Colmar, France
| | - Véronique Komar
- L'UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRA-Université de Strasbourg, Colmar, France
| | - Olivier Lemaire
- L'UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRA-Université de Strasbourg, Colmar, France
| | - Jean-Michel Hily
- L'UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRA-Université de Strasbourg, Colmar, France
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30
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Dias M, Pattabiraman C, Siddappa S, Gowda M, Shet A, Smith D, Muehlemann B, Tamma K, Solomon T, Jones T, Krishna S. Complete assembly of a dengue virus type 3 genome from a recent genotype III clade by metagenomic sequencing of serum. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:44. [PMID: 30167467 PMCID: PMC6085601 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14438.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), cause life-threatening diseases, particularly in the tropics. Methods: Here we performed unbiased metagenomic sequencing of RNA extracted from the serum of four patients and the plasma of one patient, all hospitalized at a tertiary care centre in South India with severe or prolonged febrile illness, together with the serum from one healthy control, in 2014. Results: We identified and assembled a complete dengue virus type 3 sequence from a case of severe dengue fever. We also identified a small number of JEV sequences in the serum of two adults with febrile illness, including one with severe dengue. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the dengue sequence belonged to genotype III. It has an estimated divergence time of 13.86 years from the most highly related Indian strains. In total, 11 amino acid substitutions were predicted for this strain in the antigenic envelope protein, when compared to the parent strain used for development of the first commercial dengue vaccine. Conclusions: We demonstrate that both genome assembly and detection of a low number of viral sequences are possible through the unbiased sequencing of clinical material. These methods may help ascertain causal agents for febrile illnesses with no known cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dias
- St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Chitra Pattabiraman
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, India, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Shilpa Siddappa
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Malali Gowda
- Trans-Disciplinary University, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Anita Shet
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Derek Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Barbara Muehlemann
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | - Tom Solomon
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, and National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Terry Jones
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
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Next-generation sequencing analysis of a cluster of hepatitis C virus infections in a haematology and oncology center. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194816. [PMID: 29566084 PMCID: PMC5864040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of early hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains rare. Ten out of 78 patients of a hematology/oncology center were found to be HCV RNA positive two to four months after hospitalization. Only two of the ten patients were anti-HCV positive. HCV hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) was amplified in seven patients (including one anti-HCV positive) and analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS). Genetic variants were reconstructed by Shorah and an empirically established 0.5% variant frequency cut-off was implemented. These sequences were compared by phylogenetic and diversity analyses. Ten unrelated blood donors with newly acquired HCV infection detected at the time of donation (HCV RNA positive and anti-HCV negative) served as controls. One to seven HVR1 variants were found in each patient. Sequences intermixed phylogenetically with no evidence of clustering in individual patients. These sequences were more similar to each other (similarity 95.4% to 100.0%) than to those of controls (similarity 64.8% to 82.6%). An identical predominant variant was present in four patients, whereas other closely related variants dominated in the remaining three patients. In five patients the HCV population was limited to a single variant or one predominant variant and minor variants of less than 10% frequency. In conclusion, NGS analysis of a cluster of HCV infections acquired in the hospital setting revealed the presence of low diversity, very closely related variants in all patients, suggesting an early-stage infection with the same virus. NGS combined with phylogenetic analysis and classical epidemiological analysis could help in tracking of HCV outbreaks.
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32
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Chesnais V, Ott A, Chaplais E, Gabillard S, Pallares D, Vauloup-Fellous C, Benachi A, Costa JM, Ginoux E. Using massively parallel shotgun sequencing of maternal plasmatic cell-free DNA for cytomegalovirus DNA detection during pregnancy: a proof of concept study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4321. [PMID: 29531245 PMCID: PMC5847603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) primary infections of pregnant women can lead to congenital infections of the fetus that could have severe impacts on the health of the newborn. Recent studies have shown that 10-100 billion DNA fragments per milliliter of plasma are circulating cell-free. The study of this DNA has rapidly expanding applications to non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). In this study, we have shown that we can detect viral specific reads in the massively parallel shotgun sequencing (MPSS) NIPT data. We have also observed a strong correlation between the viral load of calibration samples and the number of reads aligned on the reference genome. Based on these observations we have constructed a statistical model able to quantify the viral load of patient samples. We propose to use this new method to detect and quantify circulating DNA virus like HCMV during pregnancy using the same sequencing results as NIPT data. This method could be used to improve the NIPT diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christelle Vauloup-Fellous
- AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Virologie, Université Paris-Sud, INSERM U1193, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
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Biswas C, Chen SCA, Halliday C, Martinez E, Rockett RJ, Wang Q, Timms VJ, Dhakal R, Sadsad R, Kennedy KJ, Playford G, Marriott DJ, Slavin MA, Sorrell TC, Sintchenko V. Whole Genome Sequencing of Candida glabrata for Detection of Markers of Antifungal Drug Resistance. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29364212 DOI: 10.3791/56714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata can rapidly acquire mutations that result in drug resistance, especially to azoles and echinocandins. Identification of genetic mutations is essential, as resistance detected in vitro can often be correlated with clinical failure. We examined the feasibility of using whole genome sequencing (WGS) for genome-wide analysis of antifungal drug resistance in C. glabrata. The aim was torecognize enablers and barriers in the implementation WGS and measure its effectiveness. This paper outlines the key quality control checkpoints and essential components of WGS methodology to investigate genetic markers associated with reduced susceptibility to antifungal agents. It also estimates the accuracy of data analysis and turn-around-time of testing. Phenotypic susceptibility of 12 clinical, and one ATCC strain of C. glabrata was determined through antifungal susceptibility testing. These included three isolate pairs, from three patients, that developed rise in drug minimum inhibitory concentrations. In two pairs, the second isolate of each pair developed resistance to echinocandins. The second isolate of the third pair developed resistance to 5-flucytosine. The remaining comprised of susceptible and azole resistant isolates. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes linked to echinocandin, azole and 5-flucytosine resistance were confirmed in resistant isolates through WGS using the next generation sequencing. Non-synonymous SNPs in antifungal resistance genes such as FKS1, FKS2, CgPDR1, CgCDR1 and FCY2 were identified. Overall, an average of 98% of the WGS reads of C. glabrata isolates mapped to the reference genome with about 75-fold read depth coverage. The turnaround time and cost were comparable to Sanger sequencing. In conclusion, WGS of C. glabrata was feasible in revealing clinically significant gene mutations involved in resistance to different antifungal drug classes without the need for multiple PCR/DNA sequencing reactions. This represents a positive step towards establishing WGS capability in the clinical laboratory for simultaneous detection of antifungal resistance conferring substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanika Biswas
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital;
| | - Sharon C-A Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney
| | - Catriona Halliday
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR
| | - Elena Martinez
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital
| | - Rebecca J Rockett
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital
| | - Qinning Wang
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital
| | - Verlaine J Timms
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital
| | - Rajat Dhakal
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital
| | - Rosemarie Sadsad
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital
| | - Karina J Kennedy
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canberra Hospital and Health Services, Australian National University Medical School
| | - Geoffrey Playford
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canberra Hospital and Health Services, Australian National University Medical School; Infection Management Services, Australian National University Medical School
| | - Deborah J Marriott
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, St. Vincent's Hospital
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney
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Escobar-Escamilla N, Ramírez-González JE, Castro-Escarpulli G, Díaz-Quiñonez JA. Utility of high-throughput DNA sequencing in the study of the human papillomaviruses. Virus Genes 2017; 54:17-24. [PMID: 29282656 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Papillomaviridae family is probably the most diverse group of viruses that affect vertebrates. The study of the relationship between infection by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of neoplastic epithelial lesions is of particular interest because of the high prevalence of HPV-related carcinomas in populations of developing countries. To understand the mechanisms of infection and their association with different clinical manifestations, molecular tools play an important role in the description of new types of HPV, the characterization of effector properties of the viral factors, the specific diagnosis and monitoring of HPV types, and the alteration patterns at genetic level in the host. Technological advances in the field of DNA sequencing have led to the development of different next-generation sequencing systems, allowing obtaining a large amount of data and broadening the applications to study viral diseases. In this review, we summarize the main approaches and their perspectives where the use of massively parallel sequencing has been proved as a useful tool in the research of the HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Escobar-Escamilla
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ernesto Ramírez-González
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - José Alberto Díaz-Quiñonez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Giles TA, Belkhiri A, Barrow PA, Foster N. Molecular approaches to the diagnosis and monitoring of production diseases in pigs. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:266-272. [PMID: 28535467 PMCID: PMC7118804 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Production disease in pigs is caused by a variety of different pathogens, mainly enteric and respiratory and can result in significant economic loss. Other factors such as stress, poor husbandry and nutrition can also contribute to an animal's susceptibility to disease. Molecular biomarkers of production disease could be of immense value by improving diagnosis and risk analysis to determine best practice with an impact on increased economic output and animal welfare. In addition to the use of multiplex PCR or microarrays to detect individual or mixed pathogens during infection, these technologies can also be used to monitor the host response to infection via gene expression. The patterns of gene expression associated with cellular damage or initiation of the early immune response may indicate the type of pathology and, by extension the types of pathogen involved. Molecular methods can therefore be used to monitor both the presence of a pathogen and the host response to it during production disease. The field of biomarker discovery and implementation is expanding as technologies such as microarrays and next generation sequencing become more common. Whilst a large number of studies have been carried out in human medicine, further work is needed to identify molecular biomarkers in veterinary medicine and in particular those associated with production disease in the pig industry. The pig transcriptome is highly complex and still not fully understood. Further gene expression studies are needed to identify molecular biomarkers which may have predictive value in identifying the environmental, nutritional and other risk factors which are associated with production diseases in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Giles
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE125RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Aouatif Belkhiri
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE125RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul A Barrow
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE125RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Neil Foster
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE125RD, United Kingdom.
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Robinson ML, Manabe YC. Reducing Uncertainty for Acute Febrile Illness in Resource-Limited Settings: The Current Diagnostic Landscape. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:1285-1295. [PMID: 28719277 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiagnosing the cause of acute febrile illness in resource-limited settings is important-to give the correct antimicrobials to patients who need them, to prevent unnecessary antimicrobial use, to detect emerging infectious diseases early, and to guide vaccine deployment. A variety of approaches are yielding more rapid and accurate tests that can detect more pathogens in a wider variety of settings. After decades of slow progress in diagnostics for acute febrile illness in resource-limited settings, a wave of converging advancements will enable clinicians in resource-limited settings to reduce uncertainty for the diagnosis of acute febrile illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Robinson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yukari C Manabe
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Rutvisuttinunt W, Klungthong C, Thaisomboonsuk B, Chinnawirotpisan P, Ajariyakhajorn C, Manasatienkij W, Phonpakobsin T, Lon C, Saunders D, Wangchuk S, Shrestha SK, Velasco JMS, Alera MTP, Simasathien S, Buddhari D, Jarman RG, Macareo LR, Yoon IK, Fernandez S. Retrospective use of next-generation sequencing reveals the presence of Enteroviruses in acute influenza-like illness respiratory samples collected in South/South-East Asia during 2010-2013. J Clin Virol 2017; 94:91-99. [PMID: 28779659 PMCID: PMC7106496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) was adopted in routine respiratory pathogen surveillance from South/South East (S/SE) Asia during 2010–2013. From 12,865 respiratory collections from ILI patients, 324 CPE-positive from 4,478 viral isolations were negative by standard assays. The CPE-positive samples were pooled, screened using NGS and validated the presence of the pathogens identified from NGS. Herpes simplex virus type 1, parainfluenza, adenovirus, coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, mumps virus and enterovirus genus were detected. NGS on pooled samples can be applied to surveillance work, identifying medically important viruses which may have missed by conventional methods.
Background Emerging and re-emerging respiratory pathogens represent an increasing threat to public health. Etiological determination during outbreaks generally relies on clinical information, occasionally accompanied by traditional laboratory molecular or serological testing. Often, this limited testing leads to inconclusive findings. The Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS) collected 12,865 nasopharyngeal specimens from acute influenza-like illness (ILI) patients in five countries in South/South East Asia during 2010–2013. Three hundred and twenty-four samples which were found to be negative for influenza virus after screening with real-time RT-PCR and cell-based culture techniques demonstrated the potential for viral infection with evident cytopathic effect (CPE) in several cell lines. Objective To assess whether whole genome next-generation sequencing (WG-NGS) together with conventional molecular assays can be used to reveal the etiology of influenza negative, but CPE positive specimens. Study design The supernatant of these CPE positive cell cultures were grouped in 32 pools containing 2–26 supernatants per pool. Three WG-NGS runs were performed on these supernatant pools. Sequence reads were used to identify positive pools containing viral pathogens. Individual samples in the positive pools were confirmed by qRT-PCR, RT-PCR, PCR and Sanger sequencing from the CPE culture and original clinical specimens. Results WG-NGS was an effective way to expand pathogen identification in surveillance studies. This enabled the identification of a viral agent in 71.3% (231/324) of unidentified surveillance samples, including common respiratory pathogens (100/324; 30.9%): enterovirus (16/100; 16.0%), coxsackievirus (31/100; 31.0%), echovirus (22/100; 22.0%), human rhinovirus (3/100; 3%), enterovirus genus (2/100; 2.0%), influenza A (9/100; 9.0%), influenza B, (5/100; 5.0%), human parainfluenza (4/100; 4.0%), human adenovirus (3/100; 3.0%), human coronavirus (1/100; 1.0%), human metapneumovirus (2/100; 2.0%), and mumps virus (2/100; 2.0%), in addition to the non-respiratory pathogen herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (172/324; 53.1%) and HSV-1 co-infection with respiratory viruses (41/324; 12.7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand; Walter Reed/AFRIMS Research Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Chonticha Klungthong
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Butsaya Thaisomboonsuk
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Chinnawirotpisan
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chuanpis Ajariyakhajorn
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wudtichai Manasatienkij
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thipwipha Phonpakobsin
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanthap Lon
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David Saunders
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sonam Wangchuk
- Royal Centre for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Sanjaya K Shrestha
- Walter Reed/AFRIMS Research Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal; Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - John Mark S Velasco
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maria Theresa P Alera
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Darunee Buddhari
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Louis R Macareo
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6, Rajavithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Wang X, Xu L, Chen Y, Liu A, Wang L, Xu P, Liu Y, Li L, Meng F. Integrating nested PCR with high-throughput sequencing to characterize mutations of HBV genome in low viral load samples. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7588. [PMID: 28746207 PMCID: PMC5627833 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the low viral load of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in plasma samples, conventional techniques have limitations to the detection of antiviral resistance mutations. To solve the problem, we developed a fast, highly sensitive, and accurate method to sequence the HBV whole-genome sequencing in plasma samples which had various viral loads from very low to high.Twenty-one plasma samples were collected from patients who were carriers of HBV from the Hangzhou First People's Hospital. Two pairs of conserved, overlapping, nested primers were used to amplify and sequence the whole HBV genome in 8 plasma samples with different viral loads. High-throughput sequencing was performed on Illumina MiSeq platform. Concomitantly, 3 samples were directly sequenced without PCR amplification. We compared amplicon-sequencing with direct sequencing to develop a method for amplifying and characterizing the whole genome of HBV.HBV genome was amplified from all samples and verified by Sanger sequencing, regardless of the viral loads. Sequencing results revealed that only a few reads were mapped to the HBV genome following direct sequencing, while the amplicon-sequencing reads had a good coverage and depth. We identified 50 intrahost single nucleotide variations (iSNVs), 14 of which were low frequency mutations. Interestingly, iSNVs were more common in low viral load samples than in high viral load samples, and mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region were most prevalent.We conclude that amplicon-sequencing is not only a practical method to detect HBV infection with a high sensitivity and accuracy but also enables to detect mutations in the HBV genome in low viral load samples from HBV-infected patients. Thus, our findings provide a new diagnosis method of HBV infection, which is capable of detection of low frequent mutations in low viral load samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital
| | - Lihui Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital
| | - Yueming Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital
| | - Anbing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital
| | | | - Peisong Xu
- Department of Research Service, Zhiyuan Inspection Medical Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Research Service, Zhiyuan Inspection Medical Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Research Service, Zhiyuan Inspection Medical Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Meng
- Department of Research Service, Zhiyuan Inspection Medical Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Kinoti WM, Constable FE, Nancarrow N, Plummer KM, Rodoni B. Analysis of intra-host genetic diversity of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) using amplicon next generation sequencing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179284. [PMID: 28632759 PMCID: PMC5478126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR amplicon next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis offers a broadly applicable and targeted approach to detect populations of both high- or low-frequency virus variants in one or more plant samples. In this study, amplicon NGS was used to explore the diversity of the tripartite genome virus, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) from 53 PNRSV-infected trees using amplicons from conserved gene regions of each of PNRSV RNA1, RNA2 and RNA3. Sequencing of the amplicons from 53 PNRSV-infected trees revealed differing levels of polymorphism across the three different components of the PNRSV genome with a total number of 5040, 2083 and 5486 sequence variants observed for RNA1, RNA2 and RNA3 respectively. The RNA2 had the lowest diversity of sequences compared to RNA1 and RNA3, reflecting the lack of flexibility tolerated by the replicase gene that is encoded by this RNA component. Distinct PNRSV phylo-groups, consisting of closely related clusters of sequence variants, were observed in each of PNRSV RNA1, RNA2 and RNA3. Most plant samples had a single phylo-group for each RNA component. Haplotype network analysis showed that smaller clusters of PNRSV sequence variants were genetically connected to the largest sequence variant cluster within a phylo-group of each RNA component. Some plant samples had sequence variants occurring in multiple PNRSV phylo-groups in at least one of each RNA and these phylo-groups formed distinct clades that represent PNRSV genetic strains. Variants within the same phylo-group of each Prunus plant sample had ≥97% similarity and phylo-groups within a Prunus plant sample and between samples had less ≤97% similarity. Based on the analysis of diversity, a definition of a PNRSV genetic strain was proposed. The proposed definition was applied to determine the number of PNRSV genetic strains in each of the plant samples and the complexity in defining genetic strains in multipartite genome viruses was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wycliff M. Kinoti
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona E. Constable
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Narelle Nancarrow
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim M. Plummer
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan Rodoni
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Lubin IM, Aziz N, Babb LJ, Ballinger D, Bisht H, Church DM, Cordes S, Eilbeck K, Hyland F, Kalman L, Landrum M, Lockhart ER, Maglott D, Marth G, Pfeifer JD, Rehm HL, Roy S, Tezak Z, Truty R, Ullman-Cullere M, Voelkerding KV, Worthey EA, Zaranek AW, Zook JM. Principles and Recommendations for Standardizing the Use of the Next-Generation Sequencing Variant File in Clinical Settings. J Mol Diagn 2017; 19:417-426. [PMID: 28315672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A national workgroup convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified principles and made recommendations for standardizing the description of sequence data contained within the variant file generated during the course of clinical next-generation sequence analysis for diagnosing human heritable conditions. The specifications for variant files were initially developed to be flexible with regard to content representation to support a variety of research applications. This flexibility permits variation with regard to how sequence findings are described and this depends, in part, on the conventions used. For clinical laboratory testing, this poses a problem because these differences can compromise the capability to compare sequence findings among laboratories to confirm results and to query databases to identify clinically relevant variants. To provide for a more consistent representation of sequence findings described within variant files, the workgroup made several recommendations that considered alignment to a common reference sequence, variant caller settings, use of genomic coordinates, and gene and variant naming conventions. These recommendations were considered with regard to the existing variant file specifications presently used in the clinical setting. Adoption of these recommendations is anticipated to reduce the potential for ambiguity in describing sequence findings and facilitate the sharing of genomic data among clinical laboratories and other entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira M Lubin
- Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Nazneen Aziz
- College of American Pathologists, Chicago, Illinois; Kaiser Permanente Research Bank, Oakland, California
| | - Lawrence J Babb
- Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; GeneInsight, a Sunquest Company, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Himani Bisht
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Deanna M Church
- Personalis, Menlo Park, California; National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; 10× Genomics, Pleasanton, California
| | | | - Karen Eilbeck
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Lisa Kalman
- Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa Landrum
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edward R Lockhart
- Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Donna Maglott
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gabor Marth
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - John D Pfeifer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Somak Roy
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zivana Tezak
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Rebecca Truty
- Complete Genomics, Mountain View, California; Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Karl V Voelkerding
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Associated Regional and University Pathologists Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Elizabeth A Worthey
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander W Zaranek
- Personal Genome Project, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Curoverse, Inc., Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Justin M Zook
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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Pitt SJ, Phillips DIM. Diagnostic virology and patient care: from vaguely interesting to vitally important. Br J Biomed Sci 2017; 74:16-23. [PMID: 28206853 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2016.1264706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The existence of pathogenic viruses was inferred by experiments at the turn of the twentieth century. Key developments in detection of viruses, including electron microscopy and monolayer cell culture, were made in the middle of that century. However, in terms of patient care, the results from the virology laboratory often arrived the patient was 'better or dead'. The advent of molecular techniques, particularly polymerase chain reaction and more recently whole genome sequencing made timely and accurate diagnosis of viral infections feasible. A range of approaches have been taken to identify and characterise new viruses. Vaccines against viruses have made it possible to eliminate two pathogenic mammalian viruses altogether, with several others close to eradication. The role of biomedical scientists working in diagnostic virology is more relevant to patient care than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Pitt
- a School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - D Ian M Phillips
- b Public Health Wales Microbiology and Health Protection , Cardiff University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK
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Ren L, Yang D, Ren X, Li M, Mu X, Wang Q, Cao J, Hu K, Yan C, Fan H, Li X, Chen Y, Wang R, An F, An S, Luo M, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Xiang Z, Xiao Y, Li L, Huang F, Jin Q, Gao Z, Wang J. Genotyping of human rhinovirus in adult patients with acute respiratory infections identified predominant infections of genotype A21. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41601. [PMID: 28128353 PMCID: PMC5269714 DOI: 10.1038/srep41601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) is an important causative agent of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). The roles of specific HRV genotypes in patients suffering from ARTIs have not been well established. We recruited 147 adult inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and 291 adult outpatients with upper ARTIs (URTIs). Respiratory pathogens were screened via PCR assays. HRV was detected in 42 patients, with 35 species A, five B and two C. Seventeen genotypes were identified, and HRV-A21 ranked the highest (9/42, 21.4%). The HRV-A21-positive infections were detected in four patients with CAP and in five with URTIs, all without co-infections. The HRV-A21 genome sequenced in this study contained 12 novel coding polymorphisms in viral protein (VP) 1, VP2 EF loop, VP3 knob and 3D regions. The infections of HRV-A21 virus obtained in this study could not be neutralized by antiserum of HRV-A21 prototype strain (VR-1131), indicating remarkable antigenic variation. Metagenomic analysis showed the HRV-A21 reads were dominant in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the three HRV-A21-positive patients with severe CAP, in which two dead. Our results highlight an unexpected infection of genotype HRV-A21 in the clinic, indicating the necessity of precise genotyping and surveillance of HRVs to improve the clinical management of ARTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ren
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Donghong Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Xianwen Ren
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | | | - Xinlin Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, P. R. China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P. R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Chunliang Yan
- Department of Respiratory &Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, 100076, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Changping Hospital, Beijing, 102200, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100016, P. R. China
| | - Fucheng An
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mentougou District Hospital, Beijing, 102300, P. R. China
| | - Shuchang An
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100016, P. R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Avenue of Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100013, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xiao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Zichun Xiang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 16, Hepingli Middle Avenue of Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100013, P. R. China
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
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Song DH, Kim WK, Gu SH, Lee D, Kim JA, No JS, Lee SH, Wiley MR, Palacios G, Song JW, Jeong ST. Sequence-Independent, Single-Primer Amplification Next-Generation Sequencing of Hantaan Virus Cell Culture-Based Isolates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 96:389-394. [PMID: 27895275 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV), identified in the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), belongs to the genus Hantavirus of the family Bunyaviridae and contains tripartite RNA genomes, small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments. HTNV is a major causative for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with fatality rates ranging from 1% to 15% in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and China. Defining of HTNV whole-genome sequences and isolation of the infectious particle play a critical role in the characterization and preventive and therapeutic strategies of hantavirus outbreaks. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides an advanced tool for massive genomic sequencing of viruses. However, the isolation of viral infectious particles is a huge obstacle to investigate and develop anti-virals for hantaviruses. Here, we report 12 HTNV isolates from lung tissues of the striped field mouse in the highly HFRS-endemic areas. Sequence-independent, single-primer amplification (SISPA) NGS was attempted to recover the genomic sequences of HTNV isolates. The nucleotide sequence of HTNV S, M, and L segments were covered up to 99.4-100%, 97.5-100%, and 95.6-99.8%, respectively, based on the full length of the prototype HTNV 76-118. The whole-genome sequencing of HTNV isolates was accomplished by additional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. In conclusion, this study will lead to the attempt and usage of SISPA NGS technologies to delineate the whole-genome sequence of hantaviruses, providing a new era of viral genomics for the surveillance, trace, and disease risk management of HFRS incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Song
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Gu
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesang Lee
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael R Wiley
- The Center for Genome Science, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- The Center for Genome Science, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Tae Jeong
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Postel A, Schmeiser S, Zimmermann B, Becher P. The European Classical Swine Fever Virus Database: Blueprint for a Pathogen-Specific Sequence Database with Integrated Sequence Analysis Tools. Viruses 2016; 8:v8110302. [PMID: 27827988 PMCID: PMC5127016 DOI: 10.3390/v8110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular epidemiology has become an indispensable tool in the diagnosis of diseases and in tracing the infection routes of pathogens. Due to advances in conventional sequencing and the development of high throughput technologies, the field of sequence determination is in the process of being revolutionized. Platforms for sharing sequence information and providing standardized tools for phylogenetic analyses are becoming increasingly important. The database (DB) of the European Union (EU) and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Reference Laboratory for classical swine fever offers one of the world’s largest semi-public virus-specific sequence collections combined with a module for phylogenetic analysis. The classical swine fever (CSF) DB (CSF-DB) became a valuable tool for supporting diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of this highly contagious disease in pigs with high socio-economic impacts worldwide. The DB has been re-designed and now allows for the storage and analysis of traditionally used, well established genomic regions and of larger genomic regions including complete viral genomes. We present an application example for the analysis of highly similar viral sequences obtained in an endemic disease situation and introduce the new geographic “CSF Maps” tool. The concept of this standardized and easy-to-use DB with an integrated genetic typing module is suited to serve as a blueprint for similar platforms for other human or animal viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Postel
- EU and OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Schmeiser
- EU and OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bernd Zimmermann
- Bernd Zimmermann Software Development, IT Consulting and Support, 31542 Hannover, Germany. bernd@bernd--zimmermann.de
| | - Paul Becher
- EU and OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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45
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Kaminski H, Fishman JA. The Cell Biology of Cytomegalovirus: Implications for Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2254-69. [PMID: 26991039 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation of clinical data regarding the impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on allograft function is complicated by the diversity of viral strains and substantial variability of cellular receptors and viral gene expression in different tissues. Variation also exists in nonspecific (monocytes and dendritic cells) and specific (NK cells, antibodies) responses that augment T cell antiviral activities. Innate immune signaling pathways and expanded pools of memory NK cells and γδ T cells also serve to amplify host responses to infection. The clinical impact of specific memory T cell anti-CMV responses that cross-react with graft antigens and alloantigens is uncertain but appears to contribute to graft injury and to the abrogation of allograft tolerance. These responses are modified by diverse immunosuppressive regimens and by underlying host immune deficits. The impact of CMV infection on the transplant recipient reflects cellular changes and corresponding host responses, the convergence of which has been termed the "indirect effects" of CMV infection. Future studies will clarify interactions between CMV infection and allograft injury and will guide interventions that may enhance clinical outcomes in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kaminski
- Kidney Transplant Unit, CHU Bordeaux Pellegrin, Place Raba Léon, Bordeaux, France
| | - J A Fishman
- Transplant Infectious Disease and Immunocompromised Host Program and MGH Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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46
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Single-Molecule Sequencing Reveals Complex Genome Variation of Hepatitis B Virus during 15 Years of Chronic Infection following Liver Transplantation. J Virol 2016; 90:7171-7183. [PMID: 27252524 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00243-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is prevalent worldwide. The infectious agent, hepatitis B virus (HBV), replicates via an RNA intermediate and is error prone, leading to the rapid generation of closely related but not identical viral variants, including those that can escape host immune responses and antiviral treatments. The complexity of CHB can be further enhanced by the presence of HBV variants with large deletions in the genome generated via splicing (spHBV variants). Although spHBV variants are incapable of autonomous replication, their replication is rescued by wild-type HBV. spHBV variants have been shown to enhance wild-type virus replication, and their prevalence increases with liver disease progression. Single-molecule deep sequencing was performed on whole HBV genomes extracted from samples, including the liver explant, longitudinally collected from a subject with CHB over a 15-year period after liver transplantation. By employing novel bioinformatics methods, this analysis showed that the dynamics of the viral population across a period of changing treatment regimens was complex. The spHBV variants detected in the liver explant remained present posttransplantation, and a highly diverse novel spHBV population as well as variants with multiple deletions in the pre-S genes emerged. The identification of novel mutations outside the HBV reverse transcriptase gene that co-occurred with known drug resistance-associated mutations highlights the relevance of using full-genome deep sequencing and supports the hypothesis that drug resistance involves interactions across the full length of the HBV genome. IMPORTANCE Single-molecule sequencing allowed the characterization, in unprecedented detail, of the evolution of HBV populations and offered unique insights into the dynamics of defective and spHBV variants following liver transplantation and complex treatment regimens. This analysis also showed the rapid adaptation of HBV populations to treatment regimens with evolving drug resistance phenotypes and evidence of purifying selection across the whole genome. Finally, the new open-source bioinformatics tools with the capacity to easily identify potential spliced variants from deep sequencing data are freely available.
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47
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Bukowska-Ośko I, Perlejewski K, Nakamura S, Motooka D, Stokowy T, Kosińska J, Popiel M, Płoski R, Horban A, Lipowski D, Caraballo Cortés K, Pawełczyk A, Demkow U, Stępień A, Radkowski M, Laskus T. Sensitivity of Next-Generation Sequencing Metagenomic Analysis for Detection of RNA and DNA Viruses in Cerebrospinal Fluid: The Confounding Effect of Background Contamination. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016:53-62. [PMID: 27405447 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) followed by metagenomic enables the detection and identification of known as well as novel pathogens. It could be potentially useful in the diagnosis of encephalitis, caused by a variety of microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of isothermal RNA amplification (Ribo-SPIA) followed by NGS metagenomic analysis in the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Moreover, we analyzed the contamination background. We detected 102 HIV copies and 103 HSV copies. The analysis of control samples (two water samples and one CSF sample from an uninfected patient) revealed the presence of human DNA in the CSF sample (91 % of all reads), while the dominating sequences in water were qualified as 'other', related to plants, plant viruses, and synthetic constructs, and constituted 31 % and 60 % of all reads. Bacterial sequences represented 5.9 % and 21.4 % of all reads in water samples and 2.3 % in the control CSF sample. The bacterial sequences corresponded mainly to Psychrobacter, Acinetobacter, and Corynebacterium genera. In conclusion, Ribo-SPIA amplification followed by NGS metagenomic analysis is sensitive for detection of RNA and DNA viruses. Contamination seems common and thus the results should be confirmed by other independent methods such as RT-PCR and PCR. Despite these reservations, NGS seems to be a promising method for the diagnosis of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bukowska-Ośko
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Warsaw Medical University, 3C Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Perlejewski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Warsaw Medical University, 3C Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Department of Clinical Science, Bergen University, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joanna Kosińska
- Department of the Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, 3C Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Popiel
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Warsaw Medical University, 3C Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of the Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, 3C Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Horban
- Municipal Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 37 Wolska St, 01-201, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lipowski
- Municipal Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 37 Wolska St, 01-201, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Caraballo Cortés
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Warsaw Medical University, 3C Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Warsaw Medical University, 3C Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Warsaw Medical University, 24 Marszałkowska St, 00-576, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Stępień
- Department of Neurology, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów St, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Radkowski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Warsaw Medical University, 3C Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Laskus
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Warsaw Medical University, 3C Pawińskiego St, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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48
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Zhou Y, Fernandez S, Yoon IK, Simasathien S, Watanaveeradej V, Yang Y, Marte-Salcedo OA, Shuck-Lee DJ, Thomas SJ, Hang J, Jarman RG. Metagenomics Study of Viral Pathogens in Undiagnosed Respiratory Specimens and Identification of Human Enteroviruses at a Thailand Hospital. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:663-669. [PMID: 27352877 PMCID: PMC5014275 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous pathogens cause respiratory infections with similar symptoms. Routine diagnostics detect only a limited number of pathogens, leaving a gap in respiratory illness etiology surveillance. This study evaluated next-generation sequencing for unbiased pathogen identification. Respiratory samples collected in Thailand, Philippines, Bhutan, and Nepal, that were negative by several molecular and immunofluorescence assays, underwent viral cultivation. Samples which demonstrated cytopathic effect in culture (N = 121) were extracted and tested by Luminex xTAG respiratory viral panel (RVP) assay and deep sequencing by Roche 454 FLX Titanium system. Using RVP assay, 52 (43%) samples were positive for enterovirus or rhinovirus and another three were positive for respiratory syncytial virus B, parainfluenza 4, and adenovirus. Deep sequencing confirmed the Luminex assay results and identified additional viral pathogens. Human enteroviruses, including Enterovirus A type 71 and 12 types of Enterovirus B (EV-B) were identified from a hospital in Bangkok. Phylogenetic and recombination analysis showed high correlation of VP1 gene-based phylogeny with genome-wide phylogeny and the frequent genetic exchange among EV-B viruses. The high number and diversity of enteroviruses in the hospital in Bangkok suggests prevalent existence. The metagenomic approach used in our study enabled comprehensive diagnoses of respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Zhou
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, U.S. Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Virology, U.S. Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Yu Yang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Omely A Marte-Salcedo
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Deidra J Shuck-Lee
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jun Hang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
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49
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Paraskevis D, Nikolopoulos GK, Magiorkinis G, Hodges-Mameletzis I, Hatzakis A. The application of HIV molecular epidemiology to public health. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 46:159-168. [PMID: 27312102 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
HIV is responsible for one of the largest viral pandemics in human history. Despite a concerted global response for prevention and treatment, the virus persists. Thus, urgent public health action, utilizing novel interventions, is needed to prevent future transmission events, critical to eliminating HIV. For public health planning to prove effective and successful, we need to understand the dynamics of regional epidemics and to intervene appropriately. HIV molecular epidemiology tools as implemented in phylogenetic, phylodynamic and phylogeographic analyses have proven to be powerful tools in public health planning across many studies. Numerous applications with HIV suggest that molecular methods alone or in combination with mathematical modelling can provide inferences about the transmission dynamics, critical epidemiological parameters (prevalence, incidence, effective number of infections, Re, generation times, time between infection and diagnosis), or the spatiotemporal characteristics of epidemics. Molecular tools have been used to assess the impact of an intervention and outbreak investigation which are of great public health relevance. In some settings, molecular sequence data may be more readily available than HIV surveillance data, and can therefore allow for molecular analyses to be conducted more easily. Nonetheless, classic methods have an integral role in monitoring and evaluation of public health programmes, and should supplement emerging techniques from the field of molecular epidemiology. Importantly, molecular epidemiology remains a promising approach in responding to viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Paraskevis
- Department of Hygiene Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - G K Nikolopoulos
- Hellenic Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Maroussi, Greece
| | - G Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3PS, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Hatzakis
- Hellenic Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Maroussi, Greece
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50
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Kim WK, Kim JA, Song DH, Lee D, Kim YC, Lee SY, Lee SH, No JS, Kim JH, Kho JH, Gu SH, Jeong ST, Wiley M, Kim HC, Klein TA, Palacios G, Song JW. Phylogeographic analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients using multiplex PCR-based next generation sequencing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26017. [PMID: 27221218 PMCID: PMC4879520 DOI: 10.1038/srep26017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases caused by RNA viruses pose a critical public health threat. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful technology to define genomic sequences of the viruses. Of particular interest is the use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) to perform phylogeographic analysis, that allows the detection and tracking of the emergence of viral infections. Hantaviruses, Bunyaviridae, cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in humans. We propose to use WGS for the phylogeographic analysis of human hantavirus infections. A novel multiplex PCR-based NGS was developed to gather whole genome sequences of Hantaan virus (HTNV) from HFRS patients and rodent hosts in endemic areas. The obtained genomes were described for the spatial and temporal links between cases and their sources. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated geographic clustering of HTNV strains from clinical specimens with the HTNV strains circulating in rodents, suggesting the most likely site and time of infection. Recombination analysis demonstrated a genome organization compatible with recombination of the HTNV S segment. The multiplex PCR-based NGS is useful and robust to acquire viral genomic sequences and may provide important ways to define the phylogeographical association and molecular evolution of hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Song
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong P.O. Box 35, Daejeon, 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesang Lee
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong P.O. Box 35, Daejeon, 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- The Armed Forces Medical Center, Saemaeul-ro, 177 beon-gil, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13574, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Gu
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong P.O. Box 35, Daejeon, 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Tae Jeong
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong P.O. Box 35, Daejeon, 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Wiley
- The Center for Genome Science, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease at Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247, United States of America
| | - Terry A Klein
- Public Health Command District-Korea (Provisional), 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96205-5281, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- The Center for Genome Science, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease at Fort Detrick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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