1
|
Portillo S, Oshinsky J, Williams M, Yoder S, Liang Y, Campbell JD, Laufer MK, Neuzil KM, Edwards KM, Pasetti MF. Quantitative analysis of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria antibodies in sera and breast milk from Tdap vaccinated women using a qualified multiplex assay. mSphere 2024; 9:e0052723. [PMID: 38497618 PMCID: PMC11036809 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00527-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pertussis (whooping cough) is a reemergent, highly contagious respiratory infection of public health concern. Infants prior to initiation of their primary vaccination series are the most vulnerable to severe infection, and even death. Vaccination during pregnancy is an efficacious means of reducing infection in infants. This approach relies on boosting maternal immunity and passive transfer of antibodies to the infant via placenta and breast milk. Similarly, maternal vaccination post-partum can enhance maternal-infant immunity. To support the analysis of pertussis immunity in the context of maternal-infant immunization, we developed a high throughput multiplex assay for simultaneous quantification of serum IgG antibodies against pertussis vaccine antigens: pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN), and fimbriae (FIM2/3), and against tetanus (TT) and diphtheria toxoids (DT), using the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) platform. The assay was qualified, and specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, linearity, and robustness were demonstrated. The assay was subsequently adapted for quantification of IgG and IgA in breast milk. Applied to a serological survey of pregnant women living in the United States and sub-Saharan Africa, this method revealed differences in magnitude and breadth of antibody profile, consistent with history of vaccination. A longitudinal analysis of Tdap responses in women vaccinated post-partum demonstrated a rapid increase in serum IgG that remained elevated for up to 24 months. Likewise, high levels of vaccine-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were present in breast milk, although they exhibited faster decay. This multiplex MSD assay is a reliable and practical tool for quantification of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria antibodies in serum and breast milk in serosurveys or vaccine studies. IMPORTANCE Pertussis (whooping cough) has reemerged in recent years. Vaccination during pregnancy is an effective approach to prevent illness during the first months of life. We developed a multiplex assay for quantification of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria serum antibodies using the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) platform; the method was qualified, and specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity, and limits of quantification were defined. It was also adapted for quantification of antibodies in breast milk. We successfully determined serostatus in women from different regions and with different vaccination histories, as well as responses to Tdap in blood and breast milk post-partum. This is the first description of a multiplex assay for the quantification of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria antibodies in breast milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Portillo
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Oshinsky
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret Williams
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandra Yoder
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James D. Campbell
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Miriam K. Laufer
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Neuzil
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Edwards
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moreno A, Manning K, Azeem MI, Nooka AK, Ellis M, Manalo RJ, Switchenko JM, Wali B, Kaufman JL, Hofmeister CC, Joseph NS, Lonial S, Dhodapkar KM, Dhodapkar MV, Suthar MS. Divergence of variant binding/neutralizing antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccines in myeloma: Impact of hybrid immunity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3293339. [PMID: 37790523 PMCID: PMC10543400 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3293339/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
We characterized virus-neutralization and spike-binding antibody profiles in myeloma patients following monovalent or bivalent-SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination. Vaccination improves the breadth of binding antibodies but not neutralization activity against current variants. Hybrid immunity and immune imprinting impact vaccine-elicited immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Moreno
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kelly Manning
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Maryam I. Azeem
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ajay K. Nooka
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Madison Ellis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Renee Julia Manalo
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Bushra Wali
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jonathan L. Kaufman
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Craig C. Hofmeister
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nisha S. Joseph
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kavita M. Dhodapkar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Madhav V. Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moreno A, Manning K, Azeem MI, Nooka AK, Ellis M, Manalo RJ, Switchenko JM, Wali B, Kaufman JL, Hofmeister CC, Joseph NS, Lonial S, Dhodapkar KM, Dhodapkar MV, Suthar MS. Divergence of variant binding/neutralizing antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccines in myeloma: Impact of hybrid immunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.553767. [PMID: 37662390 PMCID: PMC10473610 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
We characterized virus-neutralization and spike-binding antibody profiles in myeloma patients following monovalent or bivalent-SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination. Vaccination improves the breadth of binding antibodies but not neutralization activity against current variants. Hybrid immunity and immune imprinting impact vaccine-elicited immunity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tamiya E, Osaki S, Tsuchihashi T, Ushijima H, Tsukinoki K. Point-of-Care Diagnostic Biosensors to Monitor Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing IgG/sIgA Antibodies and Antioxidant Activity in Saliva. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:167. [PMID: 36831933 PMCID: PMC9953869 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring biomarkers is a great way to assess daily physical condition, and using saliva instead of blood samples is more advantageous as the process is simple and allows individuals to test themselves. In the present study, we analyzed the titers of neutralizing antibodies, IgG and secretory IgA (sIgA), in response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, in saliva. A total of 19 saliva and serum samples were collected over a 10-month period 3 weeks after the first vaccine, 8 months after the second vaccine, and 1 month after the third vaccine. The ranges of antibody concentrations post-vaccination were: serum IgG: 81-15,000 U/mL, salivary IgG: 3.4-330 U/mL, and salivary IgA: 58-870 ng/mL. A sharp increase in salivary IgG levels was observed after the second vaccination. sIgA levels also showed an increasing trend. A correlation with trends in serum IgG levels was observed, indicating the possibility of using saliva to routinely assess vaccine efficacy. The electrochemical immunosensor assay developed in this study based on the gold-linked electrochemical immunoassay, and the antioxidant activity measurement based on luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL), can be performed using portable devices, which would prove useful for individual-based diagnosis using saliva samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Tamiya
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuto Osaki
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Ushijima
- BioDevice Technology Ltd., 2-3 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1211, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Department of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-0003, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Immunological Studies to Understand Hybrid/Recombinant Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010045. [PMID: 36679891 PMCID: PMC9867374 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 virus was present before the onset of the pandemic. It undergoes evolution, adaptation, and selection to develop variants that gain high transmission rates and virulence, resulting in the pandemic. Structurally, the spike protein of the virus is required for binding to ACE2 receptors of the host cells. The gene coding for the spike is known to have a high propensity of mutations, as a result generating numerous variants. The variants can be generated by random point mutations or recombination during replication. However, SARS-CoV-2 can also produce hybrid variants on co-infection of the host by two distinct lineages of the virus. The genomic sequences of the two variants undergo recombination to produce the hybrid variants. Additionally, these sub-variants also contain numerous mutations from both the parent variants, as well as some novel mutations unique to the hybrids. The hybrid variants (XD, XE, and XF) can be identified through numerous techniques, such as peak PCR, NAAT, and hybrid capture SARS-CoV-2 NGS (next generation sequencing) assay, etc., but the most accurate approach is genome sequencing. There are numerous immunological diagnostic assays, such as ELISA, chemiluminescence immunoassay, flow-cytometry-based approaches, electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, neutralization assays, etc., that are also designed and developed to provide an understanding of the hybrid variants, their pathogenesis, and other reactions. The objective of our study is to comprehensively analyze the variants of SARS-CoV-2, especially the hybrid variants. We have also discussed the techniques available for the identification of hybrids, as well as the immunological assays and studies for analyzing the hybrid variants.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee J, Lee DG, Jung J, Ryu JH, Shin S, Cho SY, Lee R, Oh EJ. Comprehensive assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against various antigenic epitopes after naive COVID-19 infection and vaccination (BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038712. [PMID: 36578491 PMCID: PMC9791030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against antigenic epitopes and cross-neutralization on variants is essential to monitor after infection or vaccination. From 32 COVID-19 patients and 40 vaccinated individuals [20 Oxford-AstraZeneca (AZ) and 20 Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT)], 348 serial sera are collected until 40 days after infection and 3 months after homologous booster vaccination. Antibody levels were monitored using a multiplex-bead assay including variant spike antigens, Roche (S1/RBD total) and a surrogate virus neutralization test (GenScript). Anti-S/S1/RBD levels were higher than anti-S2/N levels from 2 weeks after infection and were higher in severe infection (P < 0.05). Vaccination showed highest antibody levels after 1-month booster and had consistently high levels in the order of anti-full S, anti-RBD, anti-S1 and anti-S2. Infection induced higher anti-S2/N levels than prime vaccination (P < 0.05). Three months after BNT/BNT vaccination, antibody levels against S1/RBD and 23 variant antigens were higher than post-infection or AZ groups (P < 0.05). Regarding intraindividual changes from post-prime to post-boost vaccination, boost induced a 1.1- to 3.9-fold increase on multiplex-bead assay, 22.8- to 24.2-fold on Roche assay and 22.8- to 24.2-fold on GenScript assay. Post-prime levels by multiplex-bead assay predicted post-boost levels, but Roche and GenScript results were not predictive in the AZ group. The kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels vary depending on the antigenic epitopes, assay kit, disease severity or vaccine type. Assessing seroconversion using multiplex-bead assays may contribute to monitoring the disease course, adjusting vaccination strategies, and accelerating vaccination efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Lee
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Raeseok Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Eun-Jee Oh,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Olmstead AD, Nikiforuk AM, Schwartz S, Márquez AC, Valadbeigy T, Flores E, Saran M, Goldfarb DM, Hayden A, Masud S, Russell SL, Prystajecky N, Jassem AN, Morshed M, Sekirov I. Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112416. [PMID: 36366515 PMCID: PMC9694471 DOI: 10.3390/v14112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating antibody titers in individuals who have been both naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated can provide insight into antibody dynamics and correlates of protection over time. METHODS Human coronavirus (HCoV) IgG antibodies were measured longitudinally in a prospective cohort of qPCR-confirmed, COVID-19 recovered individuals (k = 57) in British Columbia pre- and post-vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 and endemic HCoV antibodies were measured in serum collected between Nov. 2020 and Sept. 2021 (n = 341). Primary analysis used a linear mixed-effects model to understand the effect of single dose vaccination on antibody concentrations adjusting for biological sex, age, time from infection and vaccination. Secondary analysis investigated the cumulative incidence of high SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG seroreactivity equal to or greater than 5.5 log10 AU/mL up to 105 days post-vaccination. No re-infections were detected in vaccinated participants, post-vaccination by qPCR performed on self-collected nasopharyngeal specimens. RESULTS Bivariate analysis (complete data for 42 participants, 270 samples over 472 days) found SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD antibodies increased 14-56 days post-vaccination (p < 0.001) and vaccination prevented waning (regression coefficient, B = 1.66 [95%CI: 1.45-3.46]); while decline of nucleocapsid antibodies over time was observed (regression coefficient, B = -0.24 [95%CI: -1.2-(-0.12)]). A positive association was found between COVID-19 vaccination and endemic human β-coronavirus IgG titer 14-56 days post vaccination (OC43, p = 0.02 & HKU1, p = 0.02). On average, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG concentration increased in participants who received one vaccine dose by 2.06 log10 AU/mL (95%CI: 1.45-3.46) adjusting for age, biological sex, and time since infection. Cumulative incidence of high SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (>5.5 log10 AU/mL) was 83% greater in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that vaccination post-SARS-CoV-2 infection provides multiple benefits, such as increasing anti-spike IgG titers and preventing decay up to 85 days post-vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D. Olmstead
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Aidan M. Nikiforuk
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sydney Schwartz
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Ana Citlali Márquez
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Tahereh Valadbeigy
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Eri Flores
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Monika Saran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - David M. Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Children’s and Women’s Hospital, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Althea Hayden
- Office of the Chief Medical Health Officer, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4C2, Canada
| | - Shazia Masud
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC V3V 1Z2, Canada
| | - Shannon L. Russell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Natalie Prystajecky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Agatha N. Jassem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Morshed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Provincial Health Services Authority, 655 West 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Non-SARS Coronaviruses in Individuals with Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 61:265-278. [PMID: 35947355 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted the importance of coronaviruses in human health. Several seasonal, non-SARS Coronaviruses are endemic in most areas of the world. In a previous study, we found that the level of antibodies to these seasonal Coronaviruses was elevated in persons with a recent onset of psychosis. In the current study, the level of antibodies to seasonal Coronaviruses was compared between individuals with psychiatric disorders and a non-psychiatric comparison group. METHODS Participants (N = 195) were persons with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, or without a psychiatric disorder. Each participant had a blood sample drawn from which were measured IgG antibodies to the spike proteins in four non-SARS Coronaviruses, 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43, using a multiplex electrochemiluminescence assay. Linear regression models were employed to compare the levels of antibodies between each psychiatric group and the comparison group adjusting for demographic variables. Logistic regression models were employed to calculate the odds ratios associated with increased levels of antibodies to each seasonal Coronavirus based on the 50th percentile level of the comparison group. RESULTS The schizophrenia group had significantly increased levels of antibodies to the seasonal Coronaviruses OC43 and NL63. This group also had increased odds of having elevated antibody levels to OC43. The major depression group showed a significantly lower level of antibodies to Coronavirus 229E. There were no significant differences between any of the psychiatric groups and the comparison group in the levels of antibodies to seasonal Coronaviruses 229E or HKU1. CONCLUSIONS The elevated level of antibodies to OC43 and NL63 in the schizophrenia group indicates increased exposure to these agents and raises the possibility that Coronaviruses may contribute to the etiopathology of this disorder. The cause-and-effect relationship between seasonal Coronaviruses and psychiatric disorders should be the subject of additional investigations focusing on longitudinal cohort studies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Garcia L, Woudenberg T, Rosado J, Dyer AH, Donnadieu F, Planas D, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Prazuck T, Velay A, Fafi-Kremer S, Batten I, Reddy C, Connolly E, McElheron M, Kennelly SP, Bourke NM, White MT, Pelleau S. Kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Avidity Response Following Infection and Vaccination. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071491. [PMID: 35891471 PMCID: PMC9321390 DOI: 10.3390/v14071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological assays capable of measuring antibody responses induced by previous infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been critical tools in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we use bead-based multiplex assays to measure IgG and IgA antibodies and IgG avidity to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens (Spike (S), receptor-binding domain (RBD), Nucleocapsid (N), S subunit 2, and Membrane-Envelope fusion (ME)). These assays were performed in several cohorts of healthcare workers and nursing home residents, who were followed for up to eleven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection or up to six months after vaccination. Our results show distinct kinetic patterns of antibody quantity (IgG and IgA) and avidity. While IgG and IgA antibody levels waned over time, with IgA antibody levels waning more rapidly, avidity increased with time after infection or vaccination. These contrasting kinetic patterns allow for the estimation of time since previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Including avidity measurements in addition to antibody levels in a classification algorithm for estimating time since infection led to a substantial improvement in accuracy, from 62% to 78%. The inclusion of antibody avidity in panels of serological assays can yield valuable information for improving serosurveillance during SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Tom Woudenberg
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Jason Rosado
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Adam H. Dyer
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland; (A.H.D.); (S.P.K.)
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Françoise Donnadieu
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (D.P.); (T.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (D.P.); (T.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (D.P.); (T.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- CHR d’Orléans, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, 45100 Orléans, France;
| | - Aurélie Velay
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, CEDEX, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (S.F.-K.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique Immuno-Rhumathologie Moléculaire (IRM UMR-S) 1109, Strasbourg University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CEDEX, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, CEDEX, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (S.F.-K.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique Immuno-Rhumathologie Moléculaire (IRM UMR-S) 1109, Strasbourg University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CEDEX, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabella Batten
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Conor Reddy
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Emma Connolly
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Matt McElheron
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Sean P. Kennelly
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland; (A.H.D.); (S.P.K.)
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Nollaig M. Bourke
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Michael T. White
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Stéphane Pelleau
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.W.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng HT, Rhind SG, Moes K, Devine D, Jenkins C, Beckett A. Freeze‐dried plasma: From damage control resuscitation to coronavirus disease 2019 therapy. Transfusion 2022; 62:1408-1416. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.16947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry T. Peng
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Shawn G. Rhind
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Katy Moes
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dana Devine
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Hamilton, Ottawa, and Vancouver Canada
| | - Craig Jenkins
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Hamilton, Ottawa, and Vancouver Canada
| | - Andrew Beckett
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario and Royal Canadian Medical Services Ottawa Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tanunliong G, Liu AC, Kaweski S, Irvine M, Reyes RC, Purych D, Krajden M, Morshed M, Sekirov I, Gantt S, Skowronski DM, Jassem AN. Age-Associated Seroprevalence of Coronavirus Antibodies: Population-Based Serosurveys in 2013 and 2020, British Columbia, Canada. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836449. [PMID: 35401521 PMCID: PMC8984254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOlder adults have been disproportionately affected during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, including higher risk of severe disease and long-COVID. Prior exposure to endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV) may modulate the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and contribute to age-related observations. We hypothesized that cross-reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 are associated with antibodies to HCoV and that both increase with age.MethodsTo assess SARS-CoV-2 unexposed individuals, we drew upon archived anonymized residual sero-surveys conducted in British Columbia (BC), Canada, including before SARS-CoV-2 emergence (May, 2013) and before widespread community circulation in BC (May, 2020). Fifty sera, sex-balanced per ten-year age band, were sought among individuals ≤10 to ≥80 years old, supplemented as indicated by sera from March and September 2020. Sera were tested on the Meso Scale Diagnostics (MSD) electrochemiluminescent multiplex immunoassay to quantify IgG antibody against the Spike proteins of HCoV, including alpha (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63) and beta (HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43) viruses, and the 2003 epidemic beta coronavirus, SARS-CoV-1. Cross-reactive antibodies to Spike, Nucleocapsid, and the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 were similarly measured, with SARS-CoV-2 sero-positivity overall defined by positivity on ≥2 targets.ResultsSamples included 407 sera from 2013, of which 17 were children ≤10 years. The 2020 samples included 488 sera, of which 88 were children ≤10 years. Anti-Spike antibodies to all four endemic HCoV were acquired by 10 years of age. There were 20/407 (5%) sera in 2013 and 8/488 (2%) in 2020 that were considered sero-positive for SARS-CoV-2 based on MSD testing. Of note, antibody to the single SARS-CoV-2 RBD target was detected in 329/407 (81%) of 2013 sera and 91/488 (19%) of 2020 sera. Among the SARS-CoV-2 overall sero-negative population, age was correlated with anti-HCoV antibody levels and these, notably 229E and HKU1, were correlated with cross-reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD titres. SARS-CoV-2 overall sero-positive individuals showed higher titres to HCoV more generally.ConclusionMost people have an HCoV priming exposure by 10 years of age and IgG levels are stable thereafter. Anti-HCoV antibodies can cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 epitopes. These immunological interactions warrant further investigation with respect to their implications for COVID-19 clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalein Tanunliong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aaron C. Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samantha Kaweski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mike Irvine
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Romina C. Reyes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- LifeLabs, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Dale Purych
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Muhammad Morshed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Soren Gantt
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Danuta M. Skowronski
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Communicable Diseases and Immunization Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agatha N. Jassem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Agatha N. Jassem,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Performance of Immunoglobulin G Serology on Finger Prick Capillary Dried Blood Spot Samples to Detect a SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0140521. [PMID: 35266818 PMCID: PMC9045222 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01405-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the diagnostic accuracy and predictive value of finger prick capillary dried blood spot (DBS) samples tested by a quantitative multiplex anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) assay to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies after infection or vaccination. This cross-sectional study involved participants (n = 6,841) from several serological surveys conducted in nonhospitalized children and adults throughout 2020 and 2021 in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Analysis used paired DBS and serum samples from a subset of participants (n = 642) prior to vaccination to establish signal thresholds and calculate diagnostic accuracy by logistic regression. Discrimination of the logistic regression model was assessed by receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis in an n = 2,000 bootstrap of the paired sample (n = 642). The model was cross-validated in a subset of vaccinated persons (n = 90). Unpaired DBS samples (n = 6,723) were used to evaluate anti-IgG signal distributions. In comparison to paired serum, DBS samples from an unvaccinated population possessed a sensitivity of 79% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 58 to 91%) and specificity of 97% (95% CI: 95 to 98%). ROC analysis found that DBS samples accurately classify SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion at an 88% percent rate (area under the curve [AUC] = 88% [95% CI: 80 to 95%]). In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine dose one or two recipients, the sensitivity of DBS testing increased to 97% (95% CI: 83 to 99%) and 100% (95% CI: 88 to 100%). Modeling found that DBS testing possesses a high positive predictive value (98% [95% CI: 97 to 98%]) in a population with 75% seroprevalence. We demonstrate that DBS testing should be considered to reliably detect SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity from natural infection or vaccination. IMPORTANCE Dried blood spot samples have comparable diagnostic accuracy to serum collected by venipuncture when tested by an electrochemiluminescent assay for antibodies and should be considered to reliably detect seropositivity following SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination.
Collapse
|