1
|
Girard IM, Ward P, Durey A, McLean C, Lund S, Calache H, Baker SR, Slack-Smith L. A qualitative meta-synthesis of carers' perceptions of factors influencing preschool children's oral hygiene practices-A social practices perspective. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2024; 52:677-689. [PMID: 38769714 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study comprises a synthesis of published qualitative studies from developed countries on the perspectives of carers regarding the oral hygiene toothbrushing practices of preschool children, through the lens of social practice theory. METHODS A search of the following electronic databases was conducted for all available years: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health using the Ovid platform; Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source (DOSS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus. Included qualitative studies reported primary caregivers' perceptions of oral hygiene practices (focusing on toothbrushing) in preschool children (0-5 years old) in developed countries. A thematic synthesis of the qualitative findings was undertaken for the results of each study. RESULTS Eleven articles were included in this meta-synthesis. The focus of this paper was toothbrushing practices. A conceptual map of toothbrushing as a social practice was developed. Key findings included practice elements (meanings, competences, and materials), spatial and temporal aspects, and barriers and facilitators to performance. CONCLUSIONS The application of a social practice lens to published qualitative research on the oral hygiene of preschool children provided insights into the meanings and competences related to toothbrushing, as perceived by primary caregivers. However, it also revealed limited information on material, spatial and temporal aspects of toothbrushing practices, indicating the importance of considering social practice theory as a framework in future research to address this gap. Furthermore, exploring toothbrushing in connection with related social practices has the potential to increase understanding of factors influencing oral health in preschool children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Matic Girard
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Ward
- Torrens University, Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angela Durey
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Caitlan McLean
- Torrens University, Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephan Lund
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hanny Calache
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah R Baker
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Linda Slack-Smith
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sabbagh HJ, Alzain IO. Oral health care among children in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:1118. [PMID: 39300481 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health is crucial for caries prevention. Research reported variations in oral health practices among countries and individuals. Therefore, this study aims to examine and compare oral hygiene practices among children aged 3 to 11 years old across five areas of Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study includes healthy children aged 3 to 11 from five areas/regions of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered, validated parental questionnaire was constructed according to the WHO Oral Health Questionnaire for children, which inquires about the child's socio-demographic factors, oral health evaluation, and oral hygiene practice. RESULTS Out of the 1516 parents who participated, 21.2% reported their children brushing twice a day. Regression analysis found that the first-born children and those who visited a dentist displayed a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for parents reporting that their child practices oral health care compared to only children (AOR: 2.837; P = 0.016) and to those who did not visit a dentist in the last 12 months (AOR: 2.989; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study highlights that only 21.2% of parents reported their children practicing excellent oral hygiene by brushing twice a day. This underscores the importance of early dental visits, customized interventions, and prevention programs that account for regional and demographic factors, such as birth order, to effectively promote oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibtesam Omar Alzain
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aguiar MIB, Gavião MBD, Santos RLD, Rocha RASDS, Barbosa TDS. Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised for Dental. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e029. [PMID: 39109761 PMCID: PMC11376666 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the "Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised for Dental" (IPQ-RD) in parents/guardians of children aged six to 14 years. The sample consisted of 63 parents/guardians of schoolchildren from the municipal school system of Teófilo Otoni, MG. Remote and virtual data collection consisted of self-completion of personal data, socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian short versions of the "Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire" (16-P-CPQ) and the "Family Impact Scale" (4-FIS). The IPQ-RD was applied by telephone interview. Almost half of the sample belonged to socioeconomic classes C1 and C2. Approximately 1/3 classified their child's oral health as "regular" or "poor", while 11.1% reported "strong" or "very strong" impact on their child's well-being. The items most frequently cited as having an impact on the four domains of the 16-P-CPQ were: "bad breath" (23.8%), "mouth breathing" (20.7%), "feeling anxious or afraid" (20.7%), and "paying attention at school" (10%). In the 4-FIS, 11.1% "had little time for themselves or the family". There were higher IPQ-RD scores in the "disease coherence" domain for women and lower values of "emotional dimensions" for parents/guardians with incomplete education. The mean IPQ-RD score was 126.4 (±15.1), and domain scores were positively correlated. The internal consistency was "almost perfect" for the IPQ-RD total score, ranging from "moderate" to "almost perfect" for the "child-control" and "child-consequences" domains. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.04 (poor) to 0.68 (substantial). The Brazilian Portuguese version of the IPQ-RD proved to be valid and reliable for assessing the cognitive and emotional perception of parents/guardians about childhood dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Rogério Lacerda Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Department of Dentistry, Governador Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Taís de Souza Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Department of Dentistry, Governador Governador Valadares, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weinstein SM, Lee HH, Dziak JJ, Berbaum ML, Zhang T, Avenetti D, Sandoval A, Martin MA. Examining Caregiver- and Family-Level Psychosocial Influences on Child Oral Health Behavioral Outcomes in Racially and Economically Minoritized Urban Families. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:882. [PMID: 39062331 PMCID: PMC11276087 DOI: 10.3390/children11070882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the pathways linking caregiver- and family-level psychosocial factors and child oral health behaviors is critical for addressing oral health disparities. The current study examined the associations between caregiver psychosocial functioning and family chaos and child toothbrushing behaviors in children at high risk for poor oral health outcomes. METHODS Data were drawn from the baseline wave of the CO-OP Chicago Cohort Study (U01DE030067), a longitudinal study on child/caregiver dyads exploring oral health behaviors and caries development in young children (N = 296 dyads; child mean age = 5.36, SD = 1.03; caregiver mean age = 33.8 years, SD = 6.70; caregiver race = 43% Black; caregiver ethnicity = 55% Latinx). The oral health behavioral outcomes included child toothbrushing frequency, child plaque levels, and caregiver assistance with child toothbrushing. The data included demographics; caregiver depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, social functioning, social support, and resilience; and family-level household chaos. RESULTS Multiple regression models indicated that greater household chaos was significantly related to lower caregiver assistance with child toothbrushing (p = 0.0075). Additionally, caregiver anxiety and PTSD symptoms as well as number of children in the home significantly predicted higher levels of household chaos (p < 0.01). Notably, 18% of caregivers reported clinically significant PTSD. The relationships between caregiver-level psychosocial factors and child oral health behaviors were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest household chaos may play an important role in child oral health behaviors and highlight the importance of investigating family-level factors for understanding and addressing child oral health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally M. Weinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA;
| | - Helen H. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1740 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; (J.J.D.); (M.L.B.); (T.Z.); (D.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - John J. Dziak
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; (J.J.D.); (M.L.B.); (T.Z.); (D.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Michael L. Berbaum
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; (J.J.D.); (M.L.B.); (T.Z.); (D.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; (J.J.D.); (M.L.B.); (T.Z.); (D.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - David Avenetti
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; (J.J.D.); (M.L.B.); (T.Z.); (D.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Anna Sandoval
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; (J.J.D.); (M.L.B.); (T.Z.); (D.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Molly A. Martin
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; (J.J.D.); (M.L.B.); (T.Z.); (D.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Altun D, Karahan S, Özgür FF, Tekçiçek MU, Turgut MD. Are parental sociodemographic factors, oral health knowledge and practices linked to the oral health habits of their children with cleft lip and palate? Acta Odontol Scand 2024; 83:404-411. [PMID: 38895899 PMCID: PMC11302492 DOI: 10.2340/aos.v83.40938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have a greater risk of dental caries. The parents' knowledge and attitudes may have an impact on their children's oral health and dietary habits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the socio-demographic characteristics, oral health knowledge, oral health behaviours, and habits of the parents in addition to the relationship with the oral health and dietary practices of their children with CLP. MATERIAL AND METHODS The parents of 343 patients with CLP participated in the study. An online questionnaire with 52 questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, oral health and oral hygiene practices was presented to them. RESULTS Parents with higher level of education had better oral health knowledge (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the child's tooth brushing habits were the mother's age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.071, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.062-1.153), the father's employment status (OR = 2.089, 95%CI: 1.065-4.097), and the mother's last dental visit (OR = 1.995, 95%CI: 1.119-3.557). The factors affecting the child's toothpaste usage were the mother's age (OR = 1.106, 95%CI: 1.030-1.114), the father's employment status (OR = 2.124, 95%CI: 1.036-4.354), and the mother's last dental visit (OR = 2.076, 95%CI: 1.137-3.79). CONCLUSIONS Parental factors have a significant influence on the oral health-related behaviours of children with CLP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Altun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sevilay Karahan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Figen Özgür
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meryem Uzamış Tekçiçek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melek Dilek Turgut
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maldupa I, Innes N, Viduskalne I, Brinkmane A, Senakola E, Krumina K, Uribe SE. Clinical effectiveness/child-patient and parent satisfaction of two topical fluoride treatments for caries: a randomised clinical trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8123. [PMID: 38582806 PMCID: PMC10998894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge gaps exist regarding optimal silver diammine fluoride (SDF) regimens and the efficacy of new products for arresting dental caries in young children. We evaluated the effectiveness of 38%-SDF (SDI-RivaStar), Tiefenfluorid (TF) comparing with Placebo (P), all in conjunction with behavioural modification (BM), in preventing major complications (endodontic/extractions/pain)-a patient-centred outcome-due to early childhood caries over 12 months in children under 71-months. A six-arm, patient/parent-blinded, superiority, placebo-controlled randomised control trial at the university clinic in Riga, Latvia, from 1/9/20-31/8/22 (Protocol registration ISRCTN17005348). The trial tested six protocols, using three compounds (P/SDF/TF) under two regimes: annual and biannual (P1/P2/TF1/TF2/SDF1/SDF2) for major complications. Secondary outcomes included minor complications and parental satisfaction. All groups received BM. 373/427 randomised children (87.3%) completed the study. SDF2 had a significantly lower rate and risk of major (21.5%, OR = 0.28, 95%CI [0.11, 0.72], p < 0.05) and minor complications (OR = 0.16 (95%CI [0.05, 0.50], p = 0.002). Overall satisfaction was 96% (p > 0.05). SDF biannual application with BM effectively prevented major complications of early childhood caries and was well accepted by children and their parents. Trial registration number: ISRCTN17005348, principal investigator: Ilze Maldupa, registration date: 30/06/2021.Clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN17005348, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN17005348 , registration date: 30/06/2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Maldupa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema str. 20, Riga, 1007, Latvia.
| | - Nicola Innes
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ilona Viduskalne
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema str. 20, Riga, 1007, Latvia
| | - Anda Brinkmane
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema str. 20, Riga, 1007, Latvia
| | - Egita Senakola
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema str. 20, Riga, 1007, Latvia
| | - Karina Krumina
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema str. 20, Riga, 1007, Latvia
| | - Sergio E Uribe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema str. 20, Riga, 1007, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gamal-AbdelNaser A, A Elsabour MAA, Khattab NMA. Caries in orphan children: prevalence and determinants-a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:381. [PMID: 38528487 PMCID: PMC10964678 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orphan children represent a category of children who lost their family support. Their health status is poorer when compared to their parented counterparts. As the most prevalent disease in the world, dental caries is expected to affect orphans greatly. Being vulnerable, health status of orphan children must be monitored and studied; so that health improvement plans would be formulated. Therefore, this systematic review focuses on the extent of the dental caries problem among institutionalized orphan children and its determinants. METHODS The review has two outcomes: comparing caries experience of institutionalized children to their parented counterparts, and reviewing the determinants of caries in the exposure group. Two systematic searches (one for each outcome) were run on MedLine via PubMed, Cochrane library, LILACS, Egyptian knowledge bank (EKB) and Google Scholar; beside hand search and searching grey literature. RESULTS The searches yielded 17,760, followed by 16,242 records for the first and second outcomes respectively. The full text was screened for 33 and 103 records for the two outcomes respectively; after translating non-English reports. Finally, the review included 9 records to address the first outcome and 21 records for the second. The pooled results showed that the exposure group may show slightly poorer caries experience regarding permanent teeth (pooled mean difference of DMF = 0.09 (-0.36, 0.55)); but they have a much poorer caries experience regarding primary teeth health (pooled mean difference of dmf = (0.64 (-0.74, 2.01)). Meta-analysis of the caries determinants showed that institutionalization increases the risk of caries by 19%. Gender showed slight effect on caries risk with males being more affected; while primary teeth revealed higher risk of caries when compared to permanent teeth. CONCLUSION Limited by the heterogeneity and risk of bias of the included studies, meta-analyses concluded that institutionalized orphan children have higher risk of caries. Yet, the institutionalization circumstances were not well-documented in all the included studies. So, the complete picture of the children's condition was not possibly sketched. TRIAL REGISTRATION Protocol has been registered online on the PROSPERO database with an ID CRD42023443582 on 24/07/2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Gamal-AbdelNaser
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, 4th Industrial Zone, Banks Complex, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gultangvattana P, Chutabhakdikul N, Leelataweewud P, Smutkeeree A, Jirarattanasopha V. Association of temperament with oral health behaviour and caries status in Thai preschool children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:135-144. [PMID: 37440363 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperament associated with oral health behaviour and early childhood caries (ECC) in preschoolers remains inconclusive. AIM This cross-sectional study investigated the association of temperament with oral health behaviour and ECC status. DESIGN A total of 421 Thai preschoolers were recruited from elementary schools in Chonburi Province, Thailand. Their caregivers assessed three temperament dimensions (surgency, negative affectivity and effortful control) using the Thai version of the Children's Behaviour Questionnaire Very Short Form and reported oral health behaviours (brushing cooperation and cariogenic snack frequency). Three calibrated dentists assessed ECC status using the modified WHO dmft/dmfs (decayed, missing and filled teeth/surface) index that included noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for child's and caregiver's characteristics, revealed that children with high negative affectivity or low effortful control were more likely to have uncooperative brushing behaviour. The temperament scores of children who consumed cariogenic snacks daily and those who did not were comparable. Children with low surgency, high negative affectivity or low effortful control were more likely to have high dmfs scores. CONCLUSION Negative affectivity and effortful control were associated with brushing behaviour. Temperament was not associated with the frequency of cariogenic snack consumption. All temperamental dimensions, however, were associated with ECC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Maciel IP, Basso MB, Piovesan ÉTDA, Ribeiro CDPV, Queiroz IQDD, Alves JB, Kominami PAA, Leal SC. Is there an association between family structure and the oral health of socially vulnerable children? Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e133. [PMID: 38126476 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the family structure on the oral health status of socially vulnerable children in the Federal District of Brazil. A total of 471 schoolchildren with a mean age of 8.12 (± 0.90) years were examined for dental caries using the CAST instrument. Dental biofilm and oral pain were also registered. Children's guardians were interviewed about socioeconomic variables and oral hygiene habits. The association between oral pain in the previous 30 days and the child's maximum CAST score were analyzed using the Pearson chi-squared test. Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to determine the predictors of presence of biofilm, oral pain, and caries severity. The prevalence of cavitated dentin lesions was 43.74% and, both dentin and enamel lesions, 52.87%; for both dentitions. An association between pain and severe nontreated carious lesions was found (p < 0.0001). The family structure was not related to the presence of dental caries, but a significant association was found between low maternal education and severe carious lesions (PR = 1.41; p = 0.0077) and oral pain (PR = 1.47; p = 0. 0335); not owning a residence and frequency of toothbrushing were also associated with the substantial presence of biofilm (PR = 1.13, p = 0.0493 and PR = 1.18, p = 0.0470; respectively). For socially vulnerable children, variables related to the socioeconomic status of the families were more relevant than the family structure in relation to their oral health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Passos Maciel
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde , Departamento de Odontologia , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Júlia Barros Alves
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde , Departamento de Odontologia , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | | | - Soraya Coelho Leal
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde , Departamento de Odontologia , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang L, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Lai G, Wang J. Oral health-related quality of life and associated factors among a sample from East China with severe early childhood caries: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:837. [PMID: 37936111 PMCID: PMC10629075 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and associated factors among a sample from East China with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). METHODS A total of 316 children with S-ECC and their parents were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Children were examined for caries status using criteria proposed by World Health Organization (WHO). The accompanying parent was required to provide demographic information and complete two validated questionnaires in Chinese: the early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS) and the 5-item oral health impact profile (OHIP). RESULTS The study had a 98.1% response rate. Finally, the data of 300 children and their parents were analyzed. Mothers cared for their children far more than fathers in the included family (78.7% mother, 21.3% father). The mean age of children was 4.1 ± 0.7 years, ranging from 3 to 5. The mean dmft score was 13.8 ± 3.8. Few (13.7%) children never had a toothache. ECOHIS scores ranged from 0 to 38, with a mean score of 16.2 ± 7.2. The mean OHIP score was 2.9 ± 2.7. The parental age, family income, residence, history of pain, the dmft scores and parents' OHIP showed associations with ECOHIS scores or domain scores (P < 0.05). The multiple regression analysis showed that the history of pain, accompanying parents' OHIP, and the dmft scores were mainly associated with ECOHIS and child impact (P < 0.05); parental age was associated with family impact (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS The parent's OHRQoL was associated with the children's OHRQoL, indicating that policymakers and clinical practitioners should improve both children's and their parents' oral health. Furthermore, the caries severity and the history of dental pain impacted children's OHRQoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianyi Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 500 Quxi Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimin Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 500 Quxi Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 500 Quxi Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyun Lai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 500 Quxi Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 500 Quxi Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yassin R, Amer H, Tantawi ME. Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride versus sodium fluoride varnish combined with mother's motivational interviewing for arresting early childhood caries: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:710. [PMID: 37789300 PMCID: PMC10548636 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) has gained attention as one of the minimally invasive modalities to manage ECC although it causes black staining of treated carious lesions. A possible affordable alternative may be Sodium Fluoride (NaF) varnish combined with good oral hygiene promoted by parental Motivational Interviewing (MI). The study compared the effectiveness of 38% SDF solution and 5% NaF varnish supported by parental MI in arresting ECC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children aged ≤ 4 years old with at least one active carious lesion (ICDAS score ≥ 3) were randomly assigned to treatment by a single application of 38% SDF solution or a single application of 5% NaF varnish supported by two MI sessions for mothers at baseline and after three months. Chi-Squared test was used to compare groups and multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of the interventions on ECC arrest adjusting for confounders. The interaction between the type of intervention and baseline lesion severity, moderate (ICDAS 3/4) or advanced (ICDAS 5/6), was also assessed. RESULTS The study included 165 children with 949 active lesions. After 6 months, there were no significant differences between SDF and NaF/MI groups in overall caries arrest (63.7% and 58.1%, p = 0.08), and in moderate lesions (72.9% and 69.6%, p = 0.52). However, in advanced lesions, the arrest rate was significantly higher in the SDF than the NaF/ MI group (60.3% and 50.0%, P = 0.01). Multilevel multiple logistic regression showed no significant differences between the interventions (AOR = 1.56, P = 0.27) with significant interaction between the intervention and baseline lesion severity (p < 0.001). Moderate lesions treated with SDF (AOR = 3.69, P = 0.008) or NaF/MI (AOR = 3.32, P < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of arrest than advanced lesions treated with NaF/ MI with no difference between advanced lesions treated with SDF or NaF/ MI (AOR = 1.85, P = 0.155) in arrest rate. CONCLUSION NaF/ MI can be an alternative to SDF in arresting advanced and moderate ECC lesions without staining with stronger effect on moderate lesions (ICDAS 3/4). TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrial.gov registry (#NCT05761041) on 9/3/2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randa Yassin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hala Amer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Foxman B, Davis E, Neiswanger K, McNeil D, Shaffer J, Marazita ML. Maternal factors and risk of early childhood caries: A prospective cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:953-965. [PMID: 36168961 PMCID: PMC10043047 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between time-varying factors (mother's oral health, oral hygiene, smoking habits, diet, food insecurity and stress) socioeconomic factors (mother's employment, marital status, household income, insurance status, household size) and medical history on children's risk of developing a carious lesion in the first 3 years of life. METHODS Longitudinal data from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia Cohort Two (COHRA2) were analysed. Pregnant women ≥18 years in the USA were recruited during pregnancy; all consenting women delivering at term and their babies had regular dental assessments and complete in-person surveys and telephone interviews regarding sociodemographic factors, medical and dental history, and oral health behaviours. RESULTS In a logistic regression model adjusting for covariates, children whose mother had two or more prior pregnancies, smoked cigarettes post-partum, or had a recent unfilled carious lesion were at least twice as likely to experience a dental lesion by the three-year visit. The magnitude of these associations varied by maternal education and state of residence. CONCLUSIONS Untreated maternal decay but not maternal oral hygiene or diet were associated with cumulative risk of childhood caries by age three but were modified by maternal education and state of residence. Addressing structural and behavioural issues that reduce use of restorative dental care are needed to prevent the adverse impacts associated with early childhood caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Foxman
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elyse Davis
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katherine Neiswanger
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel McNeil
- Departments of Psychology and Dental Practice & Rural Health, and Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - John Shaffer
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saraf T, Hegde R, Shah P. A comparative evaluation of the learning outcome of toothbrushing in preschoolers by a novel cartoon-based education aid with conventional toothbrushing model education technique: A randomized controlled trial. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:302-308. [PMID: 38235816 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_496_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recommendation of toothbrushing which is twice daily for 2 min is well known, but for most parents, getting their children to brush is a stressful task. The barriers are numerous. In this study, we focused on imparting knowledge and motivation to toothbrushing while making it into a playful activity for the child as well as their parents. AIM The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the learning outcome of toothbrushing by a novel cartoon-based education aid with conventional toothbrushing model education technique in preschoolers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 43 children aged between 3 and 5 years randomly allocated into two groups: Group A received toothbrushing instruction through play with a novel cartoon-based education aid and Group B received instructions through an acrylic brushing model. Both the groups were recalled on the 8th day, and the glass index was used to assess for plaque estimation. The intergroup comparison was done by unpaired t-test and the intragroup analysis by paired t-test. RESULTS The comparison of the mean plaque scores in both the groups at the 8th day was not significant statistically (P = 0.965). The intragroup analysis, from baseline to the 8th day, in Group A, with mean difference (0.277 ± 0.751), was not statistically significant (P = 0.135), whereas in Group B, the mean difference (0.400 ± 0.598) was statistically significant (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS The reduced mean of plaque scores proves that both the techniques had a positive impact on reducing the plaque scores; however, the comparison between the two groups was not statistically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Saraf
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Hegde
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preetam Shah
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D.Y. Patil Dental College, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manchanda S, Liu P, Lee GHM, Lo ECM, Yiu CKY. Risk Indicators for Noncavitated and Cavitated Carious Lesions in Preschool Children. Int Dent J 2023; 73:738-745. [PMID: 37085388 PMCID: PMC10509421 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk indicators associated with noncavitated and cavitated lesions in preschool children. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 3- to 4-year-old healthy children (N = 741) recruited in a randomised controlled clinical trial. After obtaining written informed consent, parents completed a questionnaire about their child's sociodemographic background and oral health-related behaviours and parents' oral health-related knowledge and attitude. Caries and plaque were evaluated using International Caries Detection and Assessment System-II and Visible Plaque Index (VPI), respectively. Children were grouped according to their oral health status as being caries-free (CF), having only noncavitated lesions (NC), or having cavitated lesions (CL). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) sparse multinomial regression was used to study the variables using 1 standard error above the minimum criterion set at P < .05. RESULTS The prevalence of children with NC and CL was 29.1% and 49.4%, respectively, with a prevalence of early childhood caries being 78.5%. The proportion of children who brushed twice or more than twice a day was highest in CF (71.7%), followed by NC (58.3%), and was least in CL (57.7%). A higher percentage of CL children (56.2%) had twice or more than twice the frequency of between-meal snacking than CF (41.7%) and NC (41.1%) (P < .001) children. The variables included with non-zero coefficients in the model were mean parental oral health knowledge, attitude score, and children's mean VPI score, and all were significant for CL; however, in NC, only VPI score was found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS Poor oral hygiene is the risk indicator associated with the presence of NC in preschool children, whilst poor oral hygiene and poor parental oral health knowledge and attitude are associated with the presence of cavitated lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Manchanda
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pei Liu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gillian Hiu Man Lee
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ruhe T, Broadbent JM, Schluter PJ, Bowden N, Theodore R, Richards R, Kokaua J. Parents' education and Pasifika children's oral health in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A national linked data study using Aotearoa/New Zealand's integrated data infrastructure. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:936-944. [PMID: 36121051 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A wide inequality in incidence and severity of childhood oral health conditions between Pasifika and non-Pasifika in Aotearoa/New Zealand (Aotearoa/NZ) persists with some evidence that the gap is widening. To develop an evidence base for strengths-based solutions, this study seeks to investigate the association between parental education and detected oral health conditions in Pasifika children. METHOD A secondary cross-sectional analysis of linked routinely collected national databases of children (Pasifika and Non-Māori non-Pasifika [NMNP]) aged 0-9 years in 2013 who completed a Before School Check (B4SC) and had their birth parents file a 2013 New Zealand census return. Parental education is represented by their self-reported highest qualification level gained. Logistic regression models were employed to investigate childhood caries and hospitalisations related to oral health conditions after adjusting for social and economic factors. RESULTS During the five-year period of 2013-2017, 21 744 (10.2%) children (Pasifika and NMNP) completed the B4SC and experienced caries. Pasifika children experienced caries three times more than NMNP children (23.6% and 7.9%, respectively) and 1.8 times more dental hospitalisations (6.0% and 3.4%, respectively). Each additional level of parental education reduced their Pasifika child's odds of experiencing caries (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.82-0.85) and dental hospitalization (unadjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.87-0.91). Less than half of the reduced odds for parental education could be attributed to other covariate factors, by 43% and 25%; respectively, for caries and hospitalisations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show good educational achievement is associated with better oral health for offspring beyond other benefits that can be attributed to non-education influences. Increased education for Pasifika parents is likely to directly confer better oral health for their children. The findings from this study may provide meaningful evidence for future developments in Pasifika education policy as an investment into the health of subsequent generations of Pasifika children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troy Ruhe
- Va'a O Tautai-Centre for Pacific Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M Broadbent
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philip J Schluter
- University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, School of Health Sciences and Child Well-being Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Clinical Medicine, Primary Care Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas Bowden
- Big Data Theme, A Better Start National Science Challenge, Women and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Reremoana Theodore
- National Centre for Lifecourse Research (NCLR), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rosalina Richards
- Va'a O Tautai-Centre for Pacific Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Kokaua
- Va'a O Tautai-Centre for Pacific Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moya-López M, Gómez-De Diego R, Carrillo-Díaz M, Romero-Maroto M, Ruiz-Guillén A. Eating Behaviours, Oral Hygiene, and Caries in a Population of Spanish Children with Divorced Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6189. [PMID: 37834833 PMCID: PMC10573771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries are a public health problem that is influenced by dietary habits. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the feeding and hygiene habits that divorced parents exercise over their children compared to non-divorced parents, and how this may influence the rate of caries in their children. The data of participants (n = 174) with an average age of 12.17 ± 2.04 years were examined to assess the mean decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, and they were asked questions about their oral hygiene habits. At the same time, their parents answered the parental feeding style questionnaire. A moderation analysis was conducted with family control of oral hygiene habit levels as an independent variable, decayed teeth as a dependent variable, and feeding control as a moderating variable. Results showed that divorced parents were found to have more problems in controlling their children's hygiene and dietary habits, have less control over their children's feeding, and make more use of instrumental feeding, which led to children of divorced parents having more caries. Despite the limitations linked to the cross-sectional design of the study and considering both the convenience sample and the impossibility of controlling for all aetiological factors linked to the development of caries, it can be concluded that children of divorced parents have an increased risk of tooth decay. However, parental controlled feeding interferes with the effect of family controlled oral hygiene habits on the decayed tooth, decreasing the rate of caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Moya-López
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (M.C.-D.); (M.R.-M.); (A.R.-G.)
| | | | - María Carrillo-Díaz
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (M.C.-D.); (M.R.-M.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Martín Romero-Maroto
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (M.C.-D.); (M.R.-M.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Ana Ruiz-Guillén
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (M.C.-D.); (M.R.-M.); (A.R.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
van Nes KA, van der Ark LA, van Loveren C, Aartman IHA. Construction of a questionnaire based on the Health Action Process Approach for psycho-social cognitive determinants of parents in brushing children's teeth in the Netherlands. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289337. [PMID: 37535634 PMCID: PMC10399854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health action process approach (HAPA) model is promising to increase the frequency of brushing children's teeth by parents to improve their children's oral health. A validated HAPA questionnaire is needed as one of the measures of the effects of such an intervention. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate whether our data, based on a translated and adopted version of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)-based questionnaire on dental flossing, supported the constructs of the HAPA model. If so, a next aim was to assess whether these constructs could be measured reliably. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 269 questionnaires filled out in dental offices by parents of children 1-10 years old were analysed. Scale validation was performed according to the 6-step protocol of Dima, including Mokken scale analyses (MSA), graded response model (GRM), factor analyses and reliability measures. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to identify divergent validity and test-retest reliability. RESULTS MSA showed a unidimensional, medium total scale. Three items were removed based on this analysis. The total scale with the remaining 26 items did not fit the GRM. Factor analysis extracted five factors and two components for the total scale. The separate subscales, except the 'intention' construct, fitted the MSA and did not fit the GRM. The data fitted a seven-factor model better than a one-factor model. Reliability measures varied from acceptable to excellent, but were poor for 'action control'. Test-retest reliability (r's 0.60-0.83) was questionable to good. CONCLUSION Our results did not fully support the constructs of the HAPA model. To support the HAPA constructs, modification to the subscales risk perceptions, intention, action planning, action control and self-reported behaviour are suggested. With these adjustments, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire could be significantly improved".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Alexandra van Nes
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Andries van der Ark
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor van Loveren
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arheiam A, Alhashani A, Kwidir T, Bosif Y, Ballo L, Tantawi ME. Untreated dental caries among Libyan children during and after the war and in internally displaced person camps. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:636-643. [PMID: 37282713 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study assessed whether living in a conflict zone and in internally displaced person (IDP) camps were associated with the number of untreated caries in primary, permanent and all teeth in Libyan children and whether these associations differed by parents' educational attainment. METHODS Cross-sectional studies were conducted in Benghazi, Libya, in 2016/2017 during the war and in 2022 after the war including children in schools and in IDP camps in the same setting. Self-administered questionnaires and clinical examinations were used for data collection from primary schoolchildren. The questionnaire collected information on children's date of birth, sex, level of parental education and school type. The children were also asked to report on how often they consumed sugary drinks and whether they brushed their teeth regularly. In addition, untreated caries in primary, permanent and all teeth were assessed according to World Health Organization criteria at the dentine level. Multilevel negative binomial regression models were used to assess the relation between dependent variables (untreated caries in primary, permanent and all teeth) and living environment (during and after the war and living in IDP camps) and parental educational attainment adjusted for oral health behaviours and demographic factors. The modifying effect of parental educational attainment (no, one and both parents university educated) on the association between living environment and the number of decayed teeth was also assessed. RESULTS Data were available from 2406 Libyan children, 8-12 years old (mean = 10.8, SD = 1.8). The mean (SD) number of untreated decayed primary teeth was 1.20 (2.34), permanent teeth = 0.68 (1.32) and all teeth = 1.88 (2.50). Compared to children living in Benghazi during the war, children living in the city after the war had significantly greater number of decayed primary (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 4.25, p = .01) and permanent teeth (APR = 3.77, p = .03) and children in IDP camps had significantly greater number of primary teeth (APR = 16.23, p = .03). Compared to children whose both parents were university-educated, those with no university-educated parents had a significantly greater number of decayed primary teeth (APR = 1.65, p = .02) and significantly less number of decayed permanent (APR = 0.40, p < .001) and all teeth (APR = 0.47, p < .001). There was a significant interaction between parental education and living environment in the number of all decayed teeth in children who lived in Benghazi during the war: children whose both parents were non-university-educated had significantly less number of all decayed teeth (p = .03) with no interaction effect in those living in Benghazi after the war or in IDP camps (p > .05). CONCLUSION Children living in Benghazi after the war had more untreated decay in primary and permanent teeth than children during the war. Having parents with no university education was associated with greater or less untreated decay depending on the dentition. These variations were most pronounced among children during the war in all teeth with no significant differences in after-war and IDP camps groups. Further research is required to understand how living in war environment influenced oral health. In addition, children affected by wars and children living in IDP camps should be identified as target groups for oral health promotion programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Abdelgader Alhashani
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Tasnem Kwidir
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Yasmin Bosif
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Lamis Ballo
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Dental Public Health and Peadodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu N, Deng S, Liang Y, Chen A, Zou D, Li L, Qiu R. Impact of migration on oral health outcomes of children in multi-beneficial kindergartens in Nanning, Southern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:507. [PMID: 37480059 PMCID: PMC10362724 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of children's migration on their oral health outcomes in multi-beneficial kindergartens in Jiangnan District, Nanning, China, and to provide a basis for improving the oral health of migrant children. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 470 children aged 5 years in Jiangnan District, Nanning, Guangxi. A questionnaire was used to collect information on their demographic and socioeconomic background, migration experience, eating habits, oral hygiene behaviours and utilization of dental care services. Dental caries of primary teeth was examined using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index recommended by the World Health Organization. Dental caries experience and oral health-related behaviours were compared between migrant and resident children. The impact of children's migration attributes on their oral health outcomes was examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Among the examined children, 52.3% were migrant children. The prevalence of caries among the children in multi-beneficial kindergartens was 78.3%, and the mean number of dmft was 5.73 ± 5.00. The prevalence of caries was 81.7% for migrant children and 74.6% for resident children (p = 0.060). No significant difference was found in the mean numbers of DMFT between migrant children and resident children (5.96 ± 4.81 vs. 5.47 ± 5.20, p = 0.139). There were significant differences in the frequency of tooth brushing (p = 0.023) and parental help with tooth brushing (p = 0.008), typical use of fluoride (p = 0.012), regular dental check-ups (p = 0.003) and experience of dental fillings for caries (p < 0.001) between migrant and resident children. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that among the children with caries, the proportion of resident children who had regular dental check-ups was 1.720 times higher than that of migrant children (95% CI = 1.155 ~ 2.560), and resident children were more likely to have caries filled than migrant children (OR = 3.313, 95% CI = 1.585 ~ 6.927). CONCLUSION Oral health status and oral health behaviours were poor among children in multi-beneficial kindergartens in Nanning, China, and migration might be a significant predictive indicator for the poor utilization of dental care services by children. The government departments should make special policy to promote the children's oral health in multi-beneficial kindergartens, and invest more to cover the migrant children's utilization of oral health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nini Xu
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology Guangxi Medical University , Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center forCraniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Stomatological Equipment, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi China
| | - Sicheng Deng
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology Guangxi Medical University , Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center forCraniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Stomatological Equipment, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology Guangxi Medical University , Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center forCraniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Stomatological Equipment, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Aihua Chen
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology Guangxi Medical University , Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center forCraniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Stomatological Equipment, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Dan Zou
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology Guangxi Medical University , Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center forCraniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Stomatological Equipment, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology Guangxi Medical University , Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center forCraniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Stomatological Equipment, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Rongmin Qiu
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology Guangxi Medical University , Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Clinical Research Center forCraniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Stomatological Equipment, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Verma A, Priyank H, P R, Kumari M, Sayed Abdul N, Shivakumar S. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Oral Health Disparities Among the Indigenous Paediatric Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e41673. [PMID: 37575701 PMCID: PMC10412898 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a knowledge gap in the literature regarding oral health disparities (OHD) in minority and indigenous (IG) paediatric cohorts that needs to be addressed. Disparities in oral health among children are a pressing concern, highlighting inequities in access to dental care and meeting needs. The current systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the prevailing understanding of OHD in the minority and IG strata. A meticulous search strategy was formulated by a team of reviewers to identify pertinent studies from databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and EMBASE. Data extraction and article selection strictly adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies included. Review Manager version 5.4 was used to synthesise quantitative data. A total of five cross-sectional studies were included in the final analysis. The findings consistently demonstrated the existence of racial and socioeconomic disparities in oral health across varying age groups and geographical locations in the defined population. Significant disparities in oral health outcomes were observed between IG and non-IG populations, with IG and minority groups exhibiting a heightened vulnerability to oral health challenges. Through a meta-analysis of the compiled data, a statistically significant association was established between children (being a member of a minority group) and unmet oral health needs. Socioeconomic status (SES) and maternal education were factors that showed a significant impact on oral health disparity. All studies were graded to be of the low-risk category based on the NOS risk of bias tool. This review successfully identified several influential factors contributing to oral health disparities, such as cultural practices, dietary patterns and access to oral healthcare services. Additionally, discernible differences in oral health status were evident between IG and non-IG children, with IG children enduring a greater burden of oral health difficulties. These findings underscore the imperative for targeted interventions and policy measures aimed at addressing the specific oral health needs of minority and IG paediatric populations, with the overarching goal of mitigating the existing disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Verma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Ranchi, IND
| | - Harsh Priyank
- Department of Conservative, Endodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry, Dental Institute Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Renuka P
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College, Dibrugarh, IND
| | - Minti Kumari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, IND
| | - Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sahana Shivakumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's College of Dental Science and Research Center, Bhopal, IND
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Matic Girard I, Ward P, Durey A, Lund S, Calache H, Baker SR, Slack-Smith L. Primary caregivers' perceptions of factors influencing preschool children's oral health: social practices perspective-a protocol for qualitative metasynthesis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068444. [PMID: 37041059 PMCID: PMC10106023 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of primary caregivers in setting the foundation for a child's oral health throughout life is well recognised. Due to the dominant behaviour-based approach, research to date has mainly focused on exploring individual primary caregivers' oral health knowledge and behaviours. A social science approach involving social practice theories moves beyond individual attitudes, behaviour and choices to offer a better understanding of the ways in which collective activity relates to health. This qualitative metasynthesis will involve an interpretive synthesis of data found in published qualitative literature from developed countries. The aim of the metasynthesis is to identify social practices in families from published qualitative research with caregivers on preschool children's oral health. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a protocol for qualitative metasynthesis. The following databases will be used: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source (DOSS) using the web-based database search platform Ovid, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus. The research team has determined search strategies by using relevant key terms. Qualitative studies published in English language on family factors related to preschool children (aged 0-5 years) from developed countries (2022 United Nations classification) will be included. Qualitative data analysis will involve thematic analysis of the reported factors influencing oral health of preschool children, from the perspective of social practice theory. Researchers will use NVivo software for organising and managing the data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethics approval is required, as this study does not involve human subjects. Findings will be disseminated through professional networks, conference presentations and submission to a peer-reviewed journal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Matic Girard
- The School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Ward
- Public Health, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Angela Durey
- The School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephan Lund
- The School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hanny Calache
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Throbe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah R Baker
- Unit of Oral Health: Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Linda Slack-Smith
- The School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khattab NMA, Abd-Elsabour MAA. Assessment of dental caries among a group of institutionalized orphan children compared to parented school children: case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:202. [PMID: 37020200 PMCID: PMC10074812 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been well documented that the absence of family support influences the general and oral health of children. Literature regarding the oral health status of institutionalized orphan children, who lost their families' support, especially in Egypt, remains vague. Therefore, the current study was carried out to assess dental caries among two groups of institutionalized orphan children, and compare their results with a group of parented school children in Giza, Egypt. METHODS A total of 156 children were included in this study, residing in a non-governmental orphanage, a governmental orphanage, and parented children attending private primary school. Written informed consent was obtained before the start of the study from the legal guardians or the child's parent. The dental examination was carried out as recommended by the WHO. DMF and def indices were used to assess dental caries for primary and permanent teeth. Also, the unmet treatment needs index, care index, and significant caries index were calculated. RESULTS The results revealed that mean values for DMF total score were 1.86 ± 2.96, 1.80 ± 2.54, and 0.7 5 ± 1.29 for, non-governmental, governmental orphanages, and school children respectively. While the mean def total scores were 1.69 ± 2.58, 0.41 ± 0.89, and 0.85 ± 1.79 for non-governmental, governmental orphanages, and school children, respectively. There was a high level of unmet treatment needs, especially among orphans. The significant caries index was 2.5, 4.29, and 2.17 for, non-governmental, governmental orphanages, and school children, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitation of this case-control study, the institutionalized orphanage children had a high prevalence of dental caries and worse caries experience compared to parented school children. Effective oral health preventive strategies are required to improve the oral health status and oral health practices of those children. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on ClinicalTrial.gov (ID: NCT05652231).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa Mohamed Ali Khattab
- Professor of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bittencourt JM, Martins LP, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA, Bendo CB. Psychosocial associated factors of early childhood caries and oral health-related quality of life: structural equation model approach. J Dent 2023; 133:104506. [PMID: 37028544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a structural model for the identification of psychosocial associated factors of early childhood caries (ECC) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in preschool children and their families. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 533 preschool children from 4 to 6 years-old public and private preschools, from XXX, XXX. Parents/caregivers self-completed the Brazilian versions of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) and Resilience Scale as well as a structured questionnaire addressing socioeconomic status and child's oral health behavior. Two dentists who had undergone training and calibration exercises for ICDAS-epi and pufa index (Kappa≥0.95) performed the examinations for ECC. Stages of ECC were classified as free of visible carious lesion, initial caries, moderate caries, extensive caries without pulp consequences and extensive caries with pulp consequences. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, using Mplus version 8.6. RESULTS Lower socioeconomic status (b=-0.250; p<0.001) and higher frequency of free sugar consumption (b=0.122; p=0.033) were directly associated with a more severe stage of ECC. Lower parental resilience had an indirect impact on more severe stage of ECC which was mediated by the variable 'frequency of free sugar consumption' (b=-0.089; p=0.048). ECC was associated with lower child's OHRQoL (b=0.587; p<0.001) and lower family's OHRQoL (b=0.506; p<0.001). CONCLUSION Structural modeling revealed that the severity of ECC negatively impacted the OHRQoL of preschoolers and their families. The main associated factors of the severity of ECC were lower socioeconomic status, higher frequency of free sugar consumption and lower parental resilience. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE T The findings indicate that psychosocial and behavior variables can be associated with the severity of ECC, and ECC can be associated with negative impact on wellbeing and ability to perform daily activities of preschoolers and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Madeira Bittencourt
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Pereira Martins
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Baccin Bendo
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Manchanda S, Cheung BPK, Lee GHM, Lo ECM, Yiu CKY. Quantitative analysis of salivary and biofilm bacteria associated with cavitated and non-cavitated carious lesions in pre-school children. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105607. [PMID: 36543040 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify and compare Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) in saliva and biofilm of caries-free children to those with cavitated and non-cavitated lesions. DESIGN One hundred and thirty-five 3-4 years old children were grouped (n = 45 in each group) according to their caries status: Clinical examination was done by a calibrated examiner. Biofilm and saliva were collected to quantify the microorganisms using qRT-PCR. The decayed-missing-filled surfaces (dmfs) was calculated by adding the number of decayed (ICDAS-II score 3-6), filled (ICDAS-II score 7 and 8) and missing (ICDAS-II score 9) surfaces due to caries. The correlation between the bacterial amounts and the number of carious surfaces was evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient. The levels and proportions of the microorganisms were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test at an α-level of 0.05. RESULTS The quantity of S. mutans and L. fermentum was significantly higher in saliva and biofilm of children with cavitated lesions, followed by those with non-cavitated lesions and the lowest in caries-free children. Also, salivary and biofilm S. mutans, along with biofilm L. fermentum levels, significantly correlated with the number of non-cavitated surfaces; while salivary and biofilm S. mutans and L. fermentum levels significantly correlated with the number of cavitated surfaces. Additionally, dmfs scores significantly correlated with the salivary and biofilm S. mutans and L. fermentum levels. CONCLUSIONS S. mutans and L. fermentum in saliva and biofilm samples are associated with caries lesion severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Manchanda
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - B P K Cheung
- Centralized Research Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gillian H M Lee
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edward C M Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cynthia K Y Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Park AH, Kulchar RJ, Susarla SM, Turton B, Sokal-Gutierrez K. Fewer Children in Families Associated with Lower Odds of Early Childhood Caries: A Sample from Three Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2195. [PMID: 36767562 PMCID: PMC9916343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Childhood caries experience is influenced by family characteristics and oral health practices in the context of many social-commercial determinants. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between families' number of children, oral health practices and child caries experience in a convenience sample of 1374 children aged 6 months through 6 years and their families from Ecuador, Nepal, and Vietnam. Data were collected by mother interviews and child dental exams. Multivariate logistic and Zero-Inflated-Poisson regression analyses assessed associations between number of children, oral health practices and decayed, missing or filled teeth (dmft). Families had a mean of 2.2 children (range 1-12); 72% of children had tooth decay, with mean dmft of 5.4. Adjusting for child age, sex, and urban/rural location, a greater number of children in the family was associated with significantly less likelihood of unhealthy bottle feeding practices, having a toothbrush/toothpaste and parent helping child brush, and being cavity-free; higher number of dmft, and greater likelihood of having a dental visit. Early childhood oral health promotion should include focus on oral hygiene and healthy feeding-particularly breastfeeding and healthy bottle feeding practices-as well as access to family planning services and support for childcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Park
- Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Rachel J. Kulchar
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Bathsheba Turton
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tabakcilar D, Peker K, Yilmaz DO, Kasimoglu Y, Tuna-Ince EB, Gencay K, Seymen F. Evaluation of the predictors of oral health-related quality of life among 3-5-year-old children with dental trauma. Braz Oral Res 2023; 36:e140. [PMID: 36651387 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of socio-demographic, clinical, and parental psychological factors on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and determined their predictors in preschool-aged children with traumatic dental injury (TDI). The study sample consisted of 324 dyads of children and their parents attending the Clinics of Pediatric Dentistry at Istanbul University. After clinical examination, the Sense of Coherence (SOC), Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale, and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale-MHLC questionnaires were administered to the parents. The statistical analyses included Spearman correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, multiple linear regression, and confirmatory factor analysis. Having mixed TDI, a non-nuclear family, fewer children, and weak parental SOC were important predictors of worse overall OHRQoL and its sections of child and family. Lower internal health locus of control and dental pain due to TDI were predictors of worse overall OHRQoL and child impact, respectively. Consideration of these predictors may help oral health professionals to develop prevention and treatment programs for TDI and oral health literacy programs for families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Tabakcilar
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Peker
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Science, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ozge Yilmaz
- Beykent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yelda Kasimoglu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Bahar Tuna-Ince
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Gencay
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Seymen
- Altinbas University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Baghlaf K. Necessity and relevance of qualitative research in pediatric dentistry. A literature review. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:31-38. [PMID: 36817030 PMCID: PMC9931522 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This review aims to understand the essence and relevance of qualitative research in pediatric dentistry and summarizes the most important information needed for a pediatric dentist before conducting a qualitative study. Methods An electronic search was conducted on studies published from December 2019 until December 2021 using PubMed, Scopus, and King Abdulaziz University Digital library. Several keywords were used to identify the studies for this review. Results Thirty-three studies involving qualitative methods in pediatric dentistry have been conducted on parents and dentists. Qualitative studies in pediatric dentistry are used to explore the perceptions of mothers and their children and to understand their behavior in different areas related to pediatric dentistry. Barriers to conducting qualitative studies with children include credibility, the influence of others on children's opinions, and differences that influence children's behavior while conducting the study. Conclusion Qualitative methods in pediatric dentistry have been conducted on parents and dentists; however, little is known about the credibility and trustworthiness of conducting qualitative research with children. Future studies are needed to investigate effective interview techniques with children and more research should be conducted to evaluate the credibility and trustfulness of using children as a source to collect data in qualitative research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khlood Baghlaf
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jones KE, Simancas-Pallares MA, Ginnis J, Shrestha P, Divaris K. Guardians' Self-Reported Fair/Poor Oral Health Is Associated with Their Young Children's Fair/Poor Oral Health and Clinically Determined Dental Caries Experience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:632. [PMID: 36612952 PMCID: PMC9819637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional, community-based study among a multi-ethnic sample of preschool-age children in North Carolina, United States, we sought to quantify the association between guardians' self-reported oral health and their children's oral health and determine whether race/ethnicity and education level modify these associations. We used questionnaire (n = 7852) responses about caregivers' and their children's oral health and clinical examination-derived (n = 6243) early childhood caries (ECC) status defined at the ICDAS ≥ 3 caries lesion detection threshold. We used multi-level mixed-effects generalized linear models to examine the associations between the guardians' reported oral health and their children's reported and clinically determined oral health among the entire sample and within strata of race/ethnicity, guardians' education, and children's dental home. The guardians' and their children's reported fair/poor oral health (FPOH) were 32% and 15%, respectively, whereas 54% of the children had ECC and 36% had unrestored disease. The guardians' FPOH was strongly associated with their children's FPOH (average marginal effect (AME) = +19 percentage points (p.p.); 95% CI = 17-21), and this association was most pronounced among Hispanics, lower-educated guardians, and children without a dental home. Similar patterns, but smaller-in-magnitude associations, were found for the guardians' FPOH and their children's clinically determined ECC (AME = +9 p.p.; 95% CI = 6-12) and unrestored disease (AME = +7 p.p.; 95% CI = 4-9). The study's findings support a strong association between guardians' and their children's reported and clinically determined oral health and implicate ethnicity, education, and having a dental home as factors possibly modifying the magnitude of these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E. Jones
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Miguel A. Simancas-Pallares
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeannie Ginnis
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Poojan Shrestha
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ramphoma K, Rampersad N, Singh N, Mukhari-Baloyi N, Naidoo S. The proposed need for integrated maternal and child oral health policy: A case of South Africa. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:1023268. [PMID: 36532092 PMCID: PMC9755190 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.1023268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The high oral disease burden among children in South Africa, specifically early childhood caries, has received scant attention despite the fact that it is a public health concern that negatively impacts the overall well-being and quality of life of the child. While South Africa has a number of well documented policies that focus on oral health in general and maternal and prenatal health, none specifically addresses the oral health of children under the age of six years. The integration of oral health in maternal and child health care in South Africa could lead to an improved oral health quality of life and better oral health outcomes for mothers and children to address the high prevalence of childhood caries and unmet treatment needs for this population. While the integration of oral health care into primary healthcare is recognised as crucial and affordable, it however continues to be neglected. In South Africa, oral health disparities are attributed to the unequal distribution of oral health services, and policies that govern oral, maternal and child health seem to work in parallel with one another. Integrating oral health into interventions for primary health care delivery is a cost-effective way to improve the health of disadvantaged groups. Considering that maternal oral health predicts children's oral health and primary health care teams regularly see under-6-year-olds, this primary care setting is ideal for integration of these services. Despite growing interest in an integrated oral health and primary care system, there is little literature on oral health integration models. Improving the oral health of vulnerable populations requires integrating oral health into primary care and implementing interdisciplinary public health programs. The development of an Integrated Maternal and Child Oral Health policy would play a critical role in advancing integration; however, such a policy should be designed with both implementation and translation in mind for it to be successfully followed through. Such a policy should be comprehensive and contextual, aimed at increasing access to oral health services for women and children and reduce the oral disease burden. This paper proposes and describes the possible content and objectives of such a policy that will enhance effective leadership and accountability and strengthen health system delivery platforms for quality maternal and child oral health services along the continuum of healthcare. Furthermore, it will illustrate the importance of a policy that aims to promote coordinated, relevant, trans-multi-disciplinary and inter-sectoral community engagement to improve pregnancy and oral health outcomes, and importantly, establish a sustainable and contextual surveillance system for maternal and child oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khabiso Ramphoma
- Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nashna Rampersad
- Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nuerisha Singh
- Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntsakisi Mukhari-Baloyi
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Oral Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sudeshni Naidoo
- Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Toh JR, Wooi N, Tan SN, Wong K, Lopez-Silva C, Zafar S. Association between lack of dental service utilisation and caregiver-reported caries in Australian Indigenous children: A national survey. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:2218-2224. [PMID: 36082587 PMCID: PMC10087467 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between the lack of dental service utilisation and dental caries in Australian Indigenous children. METHODS Data from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children, which is a longitudinal population-based cross-sectional study in Australia were analysed. A total of 1258 children were included, consisting of the baby cohort and the child cohort at Wave 7. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between caregiver-reported child dental caries and dental service utilisation. Multiple imputation using the fully conditional specifications approach was used to account for missing data. RESULTS Around one tenth (12.3%) of Indigenous children did not see a dentist when required. Lack of dental service utilisation was associated with an increased likelihood of caregiver-reported dental caries (odds ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-3.8) and teeth removed due to dental caries (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-4.7). These associations remained after adjusting for confounders (caregiver-reported dental caries OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-3.8; teeth removed due to dental caries OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0-4.4). The reasons reported for not utilising dental services when required were the lack of an available dentist (31.4%), difficulties with physical access (19.8%), long waiting times (13.9%), financial issues with cost (5.8%) and feeling that 'they could cope' (4.6%). CONCLUSIONS Lack of dental service utilisation was associated with dental caries and extraction due to caries in Australian Indigenous children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia R Toh
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadine Wooi
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Si N Tan
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kingsley Wong
- Child Disability, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Claudia Lopez-Silva
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sobia Zafar
- School of Dentistry, UQ Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Anwar DS, Mohd Yusof MYP, Ahmad MS, Md Sabri BA. Family Influences on the Dental Caries Status of Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121855. [PMID: 36553300 PMCID: PMC9777056 DOI: 10.3390/children9121855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Oral health is a likely source of health inequalities in children with special health care needs (CSHCN), according to multiple studies. This systematic review aimed to explore the evidence of family influence—as well as family features, such as societal variables and parents’ perspectives—on these children’s dental caries status. Embase, Ebsco, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were all searched. All cross-sectional research published on the variables of family impact ranging from 2010 to 2021 were considered. The DMFT and dmft index was utilised for the report data of dental caries, whereas the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) was used for the purposes of assessing quality. Of the 3861 records identified, 14 were eligible. Further, most of the studies had a caries prevalence of over 50%, (p-value < 0.005). Family influences imparted a significant relationship and association towards the dental caries status of the demographic being studied. The influences on the children included tooth brushing behaviour, parents’ education level, parents’ occupation level, diet pattern, dental visit, snacking frequency, parents’ psychological status, family size, and parents’ knowledge towards oral health. Future research should further explore the family functioning domains, specifically among the CSHCN population. This study was registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42021274923.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diyana Shereen Anwar
- Centre of Population Oral Health and Clinical Prevention Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mas Suryalis Ahmad
- Centre of Special Care Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Budi Aslinie Md Sabri
- Centre of Population Oral Health and Clinical Prevention Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Examination of dietary intake of UK preschool children by varying carers: evidence from the 2008-2016 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2063-2074. [PMID: 34842127 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Early years caregivers can play a key role in young children's eating and the prevention of childhood obesity. The UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) is a large representative survey collecting detailed food and nutrition consumption data. Using these data, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of preschool children in the UK aged 2 to 4 years and accompanying adult/s. Nutrition consumption data from 1218 preschool children from years 1 to 8 of the 2008-2016 NDNS were accessed. Dietary data were captured using 3 or 4 day estimated food diaries. Regression analyses revealed significant differences in consumption when children were not accompanied by their parents. Compared with when children were with parents, children consumed significantly more energy dense meals (0·32 kJ/g, 95% CI 0·1-0·6 kJ/g), energy (62 kJ/g, (95% CI 27-97 kJ)) Na (19 mg, (95 % CI 6, 32)), added sugars (0·6 g, (95 % CI 0·1, 1·1)), vegetables (3 g, (95 % CI 1, 4)), total grams (12 g, (95 % CI 3, 21)) and saturated fat (0·2 g, (95 % CI 0·1, 0·4)) per eating occasion when accompanied by wider family. When children were accompanied by a formal childcare provider, they consumed significantly lower energy dense meals (-0·9 kJ/g, (95% CI -1·4 - -0·3 kJ/g)), less added sugars (-1·6 g, (95 % CI -2·4, -0·8)) and more fruit (12 g, (95 % CI 3, 21)) per eating occasion than when they were with their parents. The results demonstrate that non-parental caregivers might be an important target to promote healthy eating in young children. Further research is needed to establish which caregivers would benefit most.
Collapse
|
33
|
Saikia A, Aarthi J, Muthu MS, Patil SS, Anthonappa RP, Walia T, Shahwan M, Mossey P, Dominguez M. Sustainable development goals and ending ECC as a public health crisis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:931243. [PMID: 36330110 PMCID: PMC9624450 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.931243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) remains a global issue despite numerous advancements in research and interventional approaches. Nearly, 530 million children suffer from untreated dental caries of primary teeth. The consequences of such untreated dental caries not only limit the child's chewing and eating abilities but also, significantly impact the child's overall growth. Research has demonstrated that ECC is associated with nearly 123 risk factors. ECC has also been associated with local pain, infections, abscesses, and sleep pattern. Furthermore, it can affect the child's emotional status and decrease their ability to learn or perform their usual activities. In high-income countries, dental care continues to endorse a "current treatment-based approach" that involves high-technology, interventionist, and specialized approaches. While such approaches provide immediate benefit at an individual level, it fails to intercept the underlying causes of the disease at large. In low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), the "current treatment approach" often remains limited, unaffordable, and unsuitable for the majority of the population. Rather, dentistry needs to focus on "sustainable goals" and integrate dental care with the mainstream healthcare system and primary care services. Dental care systems should promote "early first dental visits," when the child is 1 year of age or when the first tooth arrives. The serious shortages of appropriately trained oral healthcare personnel in certain regions of the world, lack of appropriate technologies and isolation of oral health services from the health system, and limited adoption of prevention and oral health promotion can pose as critical barriers. The oral health care systems must focus on three major keystones to combat the burden of ECC-1. Essential oral health services are integrated into healthcare in every country ensuring the availability of appropriate healthcare accessible and available globally, 2. Integrating oral and general healthcare to effectively prevent and manage oral disease and improve oral health, 3. Collaborating with a wide range of health workers to deliver sustainable oral health care tailored to cater to the oral health care needs of local communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saikia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jagadeesan Aarthi
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - MS Muthu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha S. Patil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Robert Prashanth Anthonappa
- Dental School, Oral Developmental and Behavioural Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tarun Walia
- Centre of Medical and Bio allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moayad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter Mossey
- Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Dominguez
- Global Oral Health Programs, Smile Train Head Office, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mendes S, Ferreira D, Bernardo M. Parent-reported toothbrushing behaviour in the Portuguese preschool population. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:961-968. [PMID: 36083464 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Study toothbrushing behaviours and associated factors in a Portuguese preschool population. METHODS The study population was the parents of children attending Portuguese kindergartens. The data on sociodemographic and toothbrushing behaviours, at home and at school, were collected by an online questionnaire. The data analysis was performed using Chi-square, Fisher, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The sample included 711 parents. Most of the children brushed their teeth at home at least twice-a-day (65.3%), with the help of an adult (62.9%). The majority of the children did not brush their teeth at school (71.2%); however, only 9.9% of the parents reported that they don't/wouldn't authorise it. Considering both toothbrushing, at home and at school, 75% of the children brushed their teeth twice-a-day. However, only 7.8% of the children performed all the correct toothbrushing related procedures. Toothbrushing at school was more frequent in private kindergartens (p < 0.001). A higher level of education was associated with non-authorisation of toothbrushing at school (p = 0.019) and with performing the correct toothbrushing related procedures (p = 0.007). Attending an oral health professional appointment was also associated with performing the correct toothbrushing related procedures (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Toothbrushing twice-a-day was frequent in the studied population, however, the percentage of children who brushed at school was low, as well as the percentage of children who performed all the correct toothbrushing related procedures. Toothbrushing at school was more likely in private kindergartens. Performing correct toothbrushing related procedures was more frequent in children who had a previous oral health appointment and whose parents had a higher education level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mendes
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Prof. Teresa Ambrósio, Cidade Universitária, 1600-277, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - D Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Prof. Teresa Ambrósio, Cidade Universitária, 1600-277, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Bernardo
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Rua Prof. Teresa Ambrósio, Cidade Universitária, 1600-277, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Socioeconomic inequalities in toothbrushing behaviours in young children: a children's lifestyle survey in a representative population of A city, Okinawa prefecture, Japan. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:969-977. [PMID: 36063356 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have less understanding of which socioeconomic status (SES) indicators may be reflective of latent socioeconomic inequalities in toothbrushing behaviours, especially finishing-toothbrushing by parents in young children. The aim of this study was to reveal the socioeconomic inequalities in children's toothbrushing and finishing-toothbrushing by parents and if it varies by SES indicators. METHODS We used data from 'Survey on Children's Life' conducted by A city of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The multiple imputed data of 902 (boys, 453) included self-reported children's toothbrushing behaviour and finishing-toothbrushing by parents in three-to six-year-old children. SES was assessed using self-reported household income and parental educational attainment. Absolute and relative inequalities in toothbrushing behaviours were quantified using the slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII), respectively. RESULTS There were significant absolute and relative inequalities of children's toothbrushing for household income (SII and RII were 0.241 and 2.73, respectively), of finishing-toothbrushing by parents for household income (SII and RII were 0.133 and 3.28, respectively), and educational attainment (SII and RII were 0.166 and 5.55, respectively). The same inequality trends were observed after adjusting for covariates (child's age and sex, family structure, breakfast and dinner frequency, and sleep duration). CONCLUSION Socioeconomic inequalities in children's toothbrushing and finishing-toothbrushing by parents varied according to SES indicators.
Collapse
|
36
|
Mathew MG, Jeevanandan G, Maganur PC, Medabesh AA, Juraybi AKM, Abuzawah LHA, Vishwanathaiah S. Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Oral Health-related Quality of Life among Children with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:936-943. [PMID: 37283002 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the factors that affect the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among children with early childhood caries (ECC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 340 children aged between 3 and 6 who were diagnosed with ECC were enrolled in the study. Parents accompanying the children completed a questionnaire on the sociodemographic status and filled out the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) for the evaluation of OHRQoL. Data were recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. RESULTS The study population consisted of 189 (55.6%) boys and 151 girls (44.4%). A total of 96.4% had cavitated lesions; 31.2% of the children had pain at the time of evaluation. A significant association was seen between the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) score of the child (p < 0.001). Pain at the time of evaluation and DMFT status had a significant association with the ECOHIS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Early childhood caries was found to impact the OHRQoL. Pain, visible dental plaque, family income, and parental education were found to be determinants that affect the OHRQoL. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Early childhood caries significantly reduces the OHRQoL of children and their families. Pain, visible dental plaque, family income, and parental education were found to influence the OHRQoL. Teaching parents the importance of oral health and preventive treatment will help prevent the occurrence of ECC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mebin George Mathew
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Jeevanandan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9884293869, e-mail:
| | - Prabhadevi C Maganur
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali Medabesh
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Khalid Mohammed Juraybi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamees Hussain Ahmed Abuzawah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satish Vishwanathaiah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966542635434, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tadakamadla SK, Rathore V, Mitchell AE, Kaul A, Morawska A. Child- and family-level factors associated with toothbrushing frequency in a sample of Australian children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:639-648. [PMID: 34811821 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the factors that are conducive to good toothbrushing practices is fundamental for planning oral health promotion interventions. AIM This study evaluated the relationships between child and family socio-demographic characteristics; children's behaviour during toothbrushing; family support for toothbrushing; parents' practices, attitudes and knowledge related to toothbrushing; general parenting practices; and children's behavioural problems, and children's toothbrushing frequency. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and May 2020 with parents of children aged 2-8 years, recruited through childcare centres throughout Australia. Parents completed self-administered surveys on child and family characteristics. RESULTS A total of 606 parents completed the survey. Only half (52.5%) of the children of surveyed parents brushed their teeth twice or more/day. Children of university-educated parents [odds ratio (OR): 6.48; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.21-34.71] and those concerned about their child's toothbrushing (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.21-1.72) were more likely to brush twice or more/day. Where children were non-compliant during toothbrushing or parents reported using ineffective parenting strategies during toothbrushing, children were less likely to brush their teeth twice or more/day. Lack of concern of parent about toothbrushing was associated with brushing less than twice/day in children CONCLUSIONS: Measures of parenting and child behaviour that were specific to the toothbrushing context were associated with twice daily brushing while general measures of parenting and child behaviour were not correlated with twice daily brushing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vatsna Rathore
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anshul Kaul
- Health Improvement, Strategy Policy and Planning, Department of Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
An updated multifaceted overview of sweet proteins and dipeptides as sugar substitutes; the chemistry, health benefits, gut interactions, and safety. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
39
|
Risk prediction models for erosive wear in preschool-aged children: a prospective study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:312. [PMID: 35902948 PMCID: PMC9331039 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite increasing prevalence, age-specific risk predictive models for erosive tooth wear in preschool-age children have not been developed. Identification of at-risk groups and the timely introduction of behavioural change or treatment will stop the progression of erosive wear in the permanent dentition. This study aimed to identify age-specific risk factors for erosive wear. Distinct risk prediction models for 3-year-old and 5-year-old children were developed. Methods A prospective cohort study included school-based clinical examinations and parent administered questionnaires for consented 3 and 5-year-old healthy children. Calibrated examiners measured the following health parameters under standardised conditions: erosion, using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index (BEWE), caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), plaque and calculus according to the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry (BASCD) scores, dental traumatic injuries and soft tissue lesions, salivary testing and BMI. Other health conditions were collected via a parent-administered questionnaire that explored oral- and general-health. Non parametric tests were utilised to explore the temporal relation of erosion with, demographic factors, oral hygiene habits, general health and dietary habits. Variables showing significance with a difference in BEWE cumulative score over time were utilised to develop two risk prediction models. The models were evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis. Results Risk factors for the 3-year-old cohort (N = 336) included erosive wear (χ2(1, 92) = 12.829, p < 0.001), district (χ2(5, 92) = 17.032, p = 0.004) and family size (χ2(1, 92) = 4.547, p = 0.033). Risk factors for the 5-year-old cohort (N = 441) also included erosive wear (χ2(1, 144) = 4.768, p = 0.029), gender (χ2(1, 144) = 19.399, p < 0.001), consumption of iced tea (χ2(1, 144) = 8.872, p = 0.003) and dry mouth (χ2(1, 144) = 9.598, p = 0.002). Conclusions Predictive risk factors for 3-year-old children are based on demographic factors and are distinct from those for 5-year-old children based on biological and behavioural factors. Erosive wear is a risk factor for further wear in both age cohorts.
Collapse
|
40
|
Brattabø IV, Lie SA, Åstrøm AN. Dental health personnel's experience with receiving inquiries from child welfare services: a national cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:281-288. [PMID: 34788170 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.2003428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess if and to what extent public dental health personnel (PDHP) receive inquiries from child welfare services (CWS), and to assess whether PDHP's experience of receiving inquiries is associated with PDHP's characteristics and whether the associations are influenced by PDHP's experience of reporting to CWS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to 1542 PDHP in Norway. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Negative-binominal-regression analyses with incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association between received inquiries from CWS and PDHP characteristics. RESULTS From a total of 1074 respondents, 52.4% had received inquiries from CWS (2012-2014) with a mean number of 3.9 (SD = 4.5). PDHP's likelihood of receiving inquiries was significantly associated with having many patients, working in small municipalities, working in eastern Norway, having good knowledge of the Health Personnel Act, and having experience reporting to CWS. Regional differences were the only association that varied according to PDHP reporting activity. CONCLUSIONS PDHP receive inquiries from the CWS. The likelihood of receiving inquiries is associated with several characteristics of PDHP. To increase PDHP's likelihood of receiving inquiries, it is important to establish contact between the CWS and PDHS and ensure that the PDHP has good knowledge of the Health Personnel Act.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stein Atle Lie
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Aldhuwayhi S, Bhardwaj A, Deeban YAM, Bhardwaj SS, Alammari RB, Alzunaydi A. A Narrative Review on Current Diagnostic Imaging Tools for Dentomaxillofacial Abnormalities in Children. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9050621. [PMID: 35626798 PMCID: PMC9139436 DOI: 10.3390/children9050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current review narrates the findings and discusses the available diagnostic tools for detecting structural abnormalities. The review discusses several diagnostic tools, such as magnetic resonance imaging, cone beam computed tomography, multi detector row CT and positron emission tomography. The vital findings and comparative analysis of different diagnostic tools are presented in this review. The present review also discusses the advent of newer technologies, such as the HyperionX9 scanner with less field of view and 18F-FDG PET/CT (positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose, integrated with computed tomography), which can give more efficient imaging of dentomaxillofacial structures. The discussion of effective comparative points enables this review to reveal the available diagnostic tools that can be used in the detection of dentomaxillofacial abnormalities in the pediatric population. The advantages and disadvantages of each tool are discussed, and the findings of past publications are also presented. Overall, this review discusses the technical details and provides a comparative analysis of updated diagnostic techniques for dentomaxillofacial diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Aldhuwayhi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (Y.A.M.D.); (R.B.A.)
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (Y.A.M.D.); (R.B.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yahya Ahmed M. Deeban
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (Y.A.M.D.); (R.B.A.)
| | - Smita Singh Bhardwaj
- Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rawan Bakr Alammari
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (Y.A.M.D.); (R.B.A.)
| | - Ayoub Alzunaydi
- General Dentist, Ministry of Health, Al Artawiyah General Hospital, Al Artawiyah 15719, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cunha-Cruz J, Ko LK, Mancl L, Rothen ML, Harter C, Davis S, Koday M. Home Delivery of Water for Caries Prevention in Latinx Children (“Sediento por una Sonrisa,” Thirsty for a Smile): Protocol for a Single-Arm Feasibility Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e37200. [PMID: 35436235 PMCID: PMC9055491 DOI: 10.2196/37200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries has significant public health implications afflicting young children. In addition to low social economic status, the most prominent risk factor for early childhood caries is sugar in the diet, particularly sugar-sweetened beverages. Dental treatment for caries in young children is commonly performed under general anesthesia and a significant proportion of children require repeated treatment. Interventions to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption could lead to reduced rates of retreatment for dental caries in young children. Objective This protocol describes the rationale, design, and methods of the “Thirsty for a Smile” feasibility study. The aim of the study is to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of a dietary intervention promoting water consumption in lieu of sugar-sweetened beverages among young patients, mostly from Latino heritage. Methods This protocol describes a single-arm feasibility study. Twenty-one dyads of children and their caregivers will be recruited. Children between 2 and 9 years old who recently had treatment under general anesthesia for early childhood dental caries will be eligible to participate. The intervention has two components: (1) environmental, in which bottled water is delivered to participants’ homes; and (2) behavioral, in which caregivers will receive patient-centered counseling to increase children’s water intake and reduce sugar-sweetened beverages consumption. Dental caries and anthropometric data will be collected at examination during baseline and final visits. The primary outcome is feasibility and secondary outcomes are acceptability and appropriateness of the intervention. Results Funding has been obtained from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and the University of Washington approved the study. The feasibility study was conducted from March to November 2019. Conclusions This feasibility study will test the study processes prior to a two-arm randomized controlled trial to determine feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study procedures. This study may provide useful information for other researchers attempting to test similar interventions. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/37200
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Cunha-Cruz
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Linda K Ko
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lloyd Mancl
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marilynn L Rothen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Catherine Harter
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Assessment, Planning and Development, Tacoma Pierce County Health Department, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Stephen Davis
- Dental Department, Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic, Yakima, WA, United States
| | - Mark Koday
- Dental Department, Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic, Yakima, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hashem D, Abu Hammad O, Farran J, Faran A, Odeh ND. Perspectives on Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study among Parents of Primary School Children in Saudi Arabia. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2201060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many people worldwide. Many people do not recognize the early signs of dental caries or its causes, which is crucial for the prevention and early intervention of the disease and consequently less-invasive and cheaper treatment options.
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the perspectives of parents about the meaning, causes, and early signs of dental caries, the association of tooth discoloration with decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables on the knowledge of patients regarding caries.
Methods:
Questionnaires were distributed to parents of primary school children in the region of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Meaning of dental caries, early signs, causes of tooth discoloration related to decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify significant predictor variables associated with caries knowledge scores.
Results:
There was a total of 2690 respondents. The majority had average caries knowledge scores. Lighter shades of tooth discoloration were reported to be associated with stains and warranted home care only, while darker shades were associated with caries and yielded a necessity for a visit to the dentist. Different socio-demographic variables had an effect on the caries knowledge of the parents.
Conclusion:
There is a need for increased knowledge about the early signs of dental caries among parents. Delayed recognition of signs of dental caries has a detrimental effect on the teeth of children and leads to seeking dental care at the later stages of the disease process. Community-oriented programs are fundamental for improving caries knowledge, its clinical presentations starting from its early signs, causes, and prevention.
Collapse
|
44
|
Hashem D, Abu Hammad O, Farran J, Faran A, Odeh ND. Perspectives on Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study among Parents of Primary School Children in Saudi Arabia. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-2201060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many people worldwide. Many people do not recognize the early signs of dental caries or its causes, which is crucial for the prevention and early intervention of the disease and consequently less-invasive and cheaper treatment options.
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the perspectives of parents about the meaning, causes, and early signs of dental caries, the association of tooth discoloration with decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables on the knowledge of patients regarding caries.
Methods:
Questionnaires were distributed to parents of primary school children in the region of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Meaning of dental caries, early signs, causes of tooth discoloration related to decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify significant predictor variables associated with caries knowledge scores.
Results:
There was a total of 2690 respondents. The majority had average caries knowledge scores. Lighter shades of tooth discoloration were reported to be associated with stains and warranted home care only, while darker shades were associated with caries and yielded a necessity for a visit to the dentist. Different socio-demographic variables had an effect on the caries knowledge of the parents.
Conclusion:
There is a need for increased knowledge about the early signs of dental caries among parents. Delayed recognition of signs of dental caries has a detrimental effect on the teeth of children and leads to seeking dental care at the later stages of the disease process. Community-oriented programs are fundamental for improving caries knowledge, its clinical presentations starting from its early signs, causes, and prevention.
Collapse
|
45
|
Park JW, Hamoda MM, Almeida FR, Wang Z, Wensley D, Alalola B, Alsaloum M, Tanaka Y, Huynh NT, Conklin AI. Socioeconomic inequalities in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:637-645. [PMID: 34170224 PMCID: PMC8805007 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine the association between multiple measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and objectively measured obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a Canadian pediatric population. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 188 children (4-17 years, mean age 9.3 ± 3.5 years) prospectively recruited from two hospital sleep clinics in Canada, using multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression of five measures of SES including parental education, income, social class, geographic location, and perceived SES based on the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status, assessed in relation to four polysomnographic OSA variables including apnea-hypopnea index, apnea index, mean oxygen saturation level, and oxygen desaturation index. RESULTS Overall, low household-level SES appeared to be associated with both frequency (apnea index ≥ 1 events/h) and severity (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5 events/h) of OSA in children, with maternal education showing the most consistent and significant associations. Specifically, children with mothers reporting less than high school education had nearly three times the odds of having OSA after controlling factors including body mass index (odds ratio 2.96 [95% confidence interval, 1.05-8.37]), compared to university-educated participants. Consistent associations were also observed for geographic location with less frequency and severity of OSA among nonurban children. Perceived SES was minimally inversely associated with our outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional, multicenter study demonstrated that SES factors are linked to the occurrence and severity of OSA in children. Results indicated the need to incorporate the screening of SES in the diagnostic process of pediatric OSA to provide more targeted intervention and patient-centered care. CITATION Park JW, Hamoda MM, Almeida FR, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(2):637-645.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woon Park
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mona M. Hamoda
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fernanda R. Almeida
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Address correspondence to: Fernanda R. Almeida, DDS, PhD, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Tel: +1-604-822-3623;
| | - Zitong Wang
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Biostatistics, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York
| | - David Wensley
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bassam Alalola
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsaloum
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasue Tanaka
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Division of Aging and Geriatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nelly T. Huynh
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Centre de Recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annalijn I. Conklin
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Alkilzy M, Schmoeckel J, Schwahn C, Basner R, Al-Ani A, Takriti M, Splieth C. Multicenter RCT on Intensive Caries Prevention for Children Undergoing Dental General Anaesthesia: Intensive caries prevention for children undergoing dental general anaesthesia. J Dent 2022; 118:104057. [PMID: 35121137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early childhood caries is a persistent problem often leading to dental treatment under general anaesthesia (GA). Thus, this study investigated the effect of two additional individual caries prevention appointments before and after GA. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multi-center, 2-arm randomized, controlled clinical trial, 408 children (age 2-5 years, mean 4.2±1.04) intended for GA were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups with or without two additional intensive oral hygiene appointments before and after the GA. At baseline and at 6-/12-months follow-ups, approximal plaque index (API), gingival sulcus bleeding index (SBI), caries experience (dmft/s) and initial caries were recorded. RESULTS Participants in test group and control group (ITT; n=161 vs. n=147) as well as drop-outs in test and control groups (n=40 vs. n=58) showed no statistical significant difference in baseline characteristics. Test and control groups showed equivalent baseline oral health parameters (API: 78 and 77%, SBI: 22.6 and 23.5%, dmft: 8.5 and 8.2, respectively), which continuously improved during the study. The test group exhibited statistically significant greater improvement (API: 42%, SBI: 7%) than the control (API: 54%, OR: 0.48; P=0.003; SBI: 12%, OR=0.44; P=0.005). Due to the robust rehabilitation with predominantly stainless steel crowns and extractions, caries incidence was minimal and, therefore, without statistical significance (mean increase dt, test: 0.5, control: 0.6; P=0.68), which was also true for new initial carious lesions (mean increase test: 0.8 vs. control: 0.9; P=0.55). CONCLUSIONS Additional preventive sessions for children undergoing treatment under GA improved their oral hygiene parameters signifiqantly. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Intensive caries prevention appointments for children receiving dental treatment under GA improved their oral hygiene and might reduce their caries risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alkilzy
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Julian Schmoeckel
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Schwahn
- Department of Prosthetics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Roger Basner
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ani
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Moutaz Takriti
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Splieth
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
El Tantawi M, Aly NM, Atteya S, Abdellatif E, Yassin R. Parenting practices and oral health behaviors of children in rural Egypt: gender differences in a household survey. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 35081943 PMCID: PMC8793182 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parenting practices influence children’s health and development. The current study aimed at assessing gender differences in children’s perception of the parenting practices of both parents, and in the association between children’s oral health behaviors and parenting practices. Methods A cross-sectional household survey of 6–12 year old children was conducted in a rural area in Northwestern Egypt in 2019. Clinical examination assessed caries and gingivitis. The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire assessed parenting practices in five domains (positive parenting, involvement, inconsistent disciplining, poor monitoring and corporal punishment) and the World Health Organization questionnaire assessed oral health behaviors including sugar consumption and daily toothbrushing. Sugar consumption was the dependent variable in linear regression and daily toothbrushing was the dependent variable in logistic regression. Parenting practices were the explanatory variables adjusting for confounders. Effect modification by child gender was assessed. Results The response rate was 94.1% (n = 433), mean age = 9.9 years, 44.1% boys, 17.8% with daily toothbrushing and mean sugar consumption score = 3.4/8. Girls perceived more mothers’ positive parenting than boys (mean = 14.15 and 13.46) and boys perceived more poor monitoring and corporal punishment. Boys and girls differed in the association between sugar consumption and fathers’ inconsistent disciplining, poor monitoring (P = 0.004 and 0.02) and mothers’ corporal punishment (P = 0.02), and also daily toothbrushing and mothers’ involvement, positive parenting (P = 0.05 and 0.02), fathers’ positive parenting (P = 0.02), mothers’ inconsistent discipling and poor monitoring (P = 0.01 and 0.04). Conclusions There were differences between boys and girls in perceiving mothers’ and fathers’ parenting practices and in the association between these parenting practices and toothbrushing and sugar consumption. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02054-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha El Tantawi
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St., Azarita, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St., Azarita, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt.
| | - Sara Atteya
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St., Azarita, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt
| | - Enas Abdellatif
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St., Azarita, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt
| | - Randa Yassin
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St., Azarita, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Faisal MR, Mishu MP, Jahangir F, Younes S, Dogar O, Siddiqi K, Torgerson DJ. The effectiveness of behaviour change interventions delivered by non-dental health workers in promoting children’s oral health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262118. [PMID: 35015771 PMCID: PMC8751985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Dental caries is the most common preventable childhood condition. Non-dental professionals and health workers are often well placed to support parents in adopting positive oral health behaviours for their children. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions and their individual component behaviour change techniques (BCTs), that were delivered by non-dental professionals and health workers.
Methods
A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, TRoPHI and PROQUEST from inception until March 2021 was conducted. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies for improving oral health outcomes in children were included. Quality assessment was carried out using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and ROBINS-I tool. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s regression intercept. Effect sizes were estimated as standardised mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio/risk ratio for proportions. Meta-analyses were performed for studies reporting mean decayed, missing, filled surfaces (dmfs) and mean decayed, missing, filled, teeth (dmft) indices. Behaviour change technique coding was performed using behaviour change technique taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1).
Results
Out of the 9,101 records retrieved, 36 studies were included with 28 showing a significant effect either in clinical and/or behavioural/knowledge outcomes. Most studies (n = 21) were of poor methodological quality. The pooled SMD for caries experience showed statistically significant result for caries prevention at surface level -0.15 (95% CI -0.25, -0.04) and at the tooth level -0.24 (95% CI -0.42, -0.07). In 28 effective interventions, 27 individual BCTs were identified and the most frequently used were: “Instructions on how to perform the behaviour” and “Information about health consequences”.
Conclusion
There is low quality of evidence suggesting non-dental professionals and health workers may help improve oral health outcomes for children. To confirm these findings, further high-quality studies incorporating a variety of BCTs in their interventions for adoption of good oral health behaviours are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Riaz Faisal
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Faisal Jahangir
- Department of Oral Medicine, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Younes
- Department of Community Health & Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Omara Dogar
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
COSTA MD, CHAPANSKI VDR, CREMA AFDA, MENONCIN BLV, HÖFELMANN DA, FRAIZ FC. Untreated early childhood caries: the role of parental eating behavior. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e010. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
50
|
Al-Jaber AS, Al-Qatami HM, Abed Al Jawad FH. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Parents on Early Childhood Caries in Qatar-A Questionnaire Study. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:669-679. [PMID: 34937104 PMCID: PMC9507593 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the present study were to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward early childhood caries (ECC) in a group of Qatari parents and to assess the association of sociodemographic factors on their KAP. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study which was based on a piloted self-administered questionnaire was conveniently distributed to parents who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Section, Hamad Dental Center (HDC), Doha, Qatar. The questionnaire comprised four parts which asked about sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A score for each domain was given based on the percentage of correct answers. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Descriptive and analytical statistics were employed. For descriptive statistics, frequency of distribution in relation to sociodemographic characteristics and responses to items of the questionnaire were presented. For analytical statistics, associations between independent variables and KAP were employed using Chi-squared tests. RESULTS The overall mean scores of KAP were 60.8%, 65.6% and 72.7%, respectively. Females had significantly higher percentages of correct answers than males (p = 0.001). Only 20% of females had poor knowledge, while it was 40% in males. Parents with university or higher degrees had significantly higher percentage of good attitudes than parents with preparatory or less education (p = 0.05). Areas that necessitated improvement by parents included the following: the amount of toothpaste needed for brushing, signs of tooth demineralization, bacteria that causes tooth decay can be transmitted from mother to her child, and tooth decay can be transmitted by sharing utensils (i.e., spoons, forks). CONCLUSIONS The overall KAP of parents toward ECC was relatively fair. However, certain socioeconomic factors (SEF) seemed to influence each domain, and areas of improvement are needed. Areas of improvement are needed in each domain. Mothers were significantly more knowledgeable than fathers regarding oral health issues of their children. Highly educated parents demonstrated better attitudes than the less educated. Continuous educational programs coordinated by health regulatory bodies should be introduced to improve parents' KAP regarding ECC risk factors and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Saleh Al-Jaber
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hamad Dental Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | |
Collapse
|