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Rode MM, Boggust BA, Manggaard JM, Myers LA, Swanson KM, McCoy RG. Follow up care for adults with diabetes treated for severe hypoglycemia by emergency medical Services, 2013-2019. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 213:111741. [PMID: 38866184 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To capture the types and content of healthcare encounters following severe hypoglycemia requiring emergency medical services (EMS) and to correlate their features with subsequent risk of severe hypoglycemia. METHODS A retrospective cohort was obtained by linking data from a multi-state health system and an advanced life support ambulance service. This identified 1977 EMS calls by 1028 adults with diabetes experiencing hypoglycemia between 1/1/2013-12/31/2019. We evaluated the healthcare engagement over the following 7 days to identify rates of discussion of hypoglycemia, change of diabetes medications, glucagon prescribing, and referral for diabetes. RESULTS Rates of hypoglycemia discussion increased with escalating levels of care, from 11.5 % after EMS calls without emergency department (ED) transport or outpatient clinical encounters to 98 % among hospitalized patients with outpatient follow-up. EMS transport and outpatient follow-up were associated with significantly higher odds of discussion of hypoglycemia (OR 60 and OR 22.1, respectively). Interventions were not impacted by previous severe hypoglycemia within 30 days. Prescription of glucagon was rare among all patients. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to prevent recurrent hypoglycemia increase with escalating levels of care but remain inadequate and inconsistent with clinical guidelines. Greater attention is needed to ensure timely diabetes-related follow-up and treatment modification for patients experiencing severe hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Rode
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 United states
| | - Brett A Boggust
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha NE 68178 United states
| | - Jennifer M Manggaard
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN United states
| | - Lucas A Myers
- Mayo Clinic Ambulance Service, Rochester, MN 55905 United states
| | - Kristi M Swanson
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN United states
| | - Rozalina G McCoy
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN United states; Mayo Clinic Ambulance Service, Rochester, MN 55905 United states; Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN United states; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United states; University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing, Bethesda, MD United states.
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2
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Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, ElSayed NA, Fadini GP, Galindo RJ, Hirsch IB, Klonoff DC, McCoy RG, Misra S, Gabbay RA, Bannuru RR, Dhatariya KK. Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06183-8. [PMID: 38907161 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association (ADA), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS), American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) and Diabetes Technology Society (DTS) convened a panel of internists and diabetologists to update the ADA consensus statement on hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes, published in 2001 and last updated in 2009. The objective of this consensus report is to provide up-to-date knowledge about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) in adults. A systematic examination of publications since 2009 informed new recommendations. The target audience is the full spectrum of diabetes healthcare professionals and individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo E Umpierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Georgia M Davis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nuha A ElSayed
- American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Rodolfo J Galindo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irl B Hirsch
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David C Klonoff
- Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Rozalina G McCoy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shivani Misra
- Division of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert A Gabbay
- American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ketan K Dhatariya
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
- Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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3
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Serata EL, Noonan EJ, Petersen KH. Barriers to USMLE Step-1 accommodations: Students with Type 1 Diabetes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304784. [PMID: 38889174 PMCID: PMC11185460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Students who earn their medical doctorate (MD) in the U.S. must pass the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step-1. The application process for students with disabilities who seek Step-1 accommodations can be arduous, barrier-ridden, and can impose a significant burden that may have long-lasting effects. We sought to understand the experiences of medical students with Type-1 Diabetes (T1D) who applied for Step-1 accommodations. METHODS A Qualtrics survey was administered to students enrolled in Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME)-accredited MD programs who disclosed having a primary diagnosis of T1D. Basic counts and qualitative inductive analyses were conducted. RESULTS Of the 21 surveys sent, 16 (76.2%) participants responded. Of the 16 respondents, 11 (68.8%) applied for USMLE Step-1 accommodations, whereas 5 (31.2%) did not. Of the 11 who applied for accommodations, 7 (63.6%) received the accommodations requested, while 4 (36.4%) did not. Of those who received the accommodations requested, 5/7 (71.4%) experienced at least one diabetes-related barrier on exam day. Of those who did not apply for Step-1 accommodations, 4/5 (80%) participants reported experiencing at least one diabetes-related barrier on exam day. Overall, 11/16 (68.8%) students experienced barriers on exam day with or without accommodations. Qualitative analysis revealed themes among participants about their experience with the process: frustration, anger, stress, and some areas of general satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the perceptions of students with T1D about barriers and inequities in the Step-1 accommodations application process. Students with and without accommodations encountered T1D-related obstacles on test day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Serata
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Emily J. Noonan
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Kristina H. Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology at New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
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4
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Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Barone Gibbs B, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Liu J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Tsao CW, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e347-e913. [PMID: 38264914 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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5
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García-Rivera EJ, Ruiz-Serrano K, Miranda EI, Mejía LC, Pinzón A, Marqués-Goyco C, Quijada JG, Monsanto H, Orengo JC. Prevalence and co-prevalence of comorbidities among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in Puerto Rico. JOURNAL OF MULTIMORBIDITY AND COMORBIDITY 2024; 14:26335565231224570. [PMID: 38186670 PMCID: PMC10768584 DOI: 10.1177/26335565231224570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This is a descriptive study using healthcare claims data from patients with T2DM from public and private healthcare insurance companies providing services in Puerto Rico in 2013, aimed to estimate the prevalence of comorbidities in this population. Descriptive analyses were performed by sociodemographic, and type of service variables using frequency and percent for categorical data or means (+/-SD) or median (IQR) for continuous variables. Chi-square, Fisher exact or two-sample t-tests were used for comparisons. A total of 3,100,636 claims were identified from 485,866 adult patients with T2DM. Patients older than 65 years represented 48% of the study population. Most patients were women (57%) and had private health insurance (77%). The regions of Metro Area (17%) and Caguas (16%) had the higher number of persons living with T2DM. The overall estimated prevalence of T2DM was 17.4%. The number of claims per patient ranged from 1 to 339. A mean of 6.3 claims (SD±9.99) and a median of 3 claims (Q1 1- Q3 8) per subject were identified. Of the 3,100,636 claims most (74%) were related to the diagnosis of diabetes (59%) and associated to outpatient services (88%). The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (48%), hyperlipidemia (41%), neuropathy (21%); renal disease (15%), and retinopathy (13%). A high prevalence and co-prevalence of comorbidities and use of healthcare services were identified in patients with T2DM, especially in older adults. Since most comorbidities were due to diabetes-related conditions, this analysis highlights the importance of early diagnosis and adequate management of T2DM patients to avoid preventable burden to the patient and to the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enid J García-Rivera
- Endowed Health Services Research Center, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Krystel Ruiz-Serrano
- Endowed Health Services Research Center, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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6
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Bordier L, Doucet J, Bauduceau B. Therapeutic choices in elderly diabetic patients. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2023; 84:773-778. [PMID: 37086949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The care of elderly diabetic patients has now become a real public health issue due to the increase in the number of patients. In this population, complications are more serious and are intertwined with more specifically gerontological issues. Treatment goals should be individualized based on the patient's clinical presentation. New therapeutic drug classes are particularly interesting because of their effectiveness in terms of cardiovascular and renal protection, but the risk/benefit ratio needs to be well assessed on an individual basis. Insulin therapy is often necessary, either in case of failure of oral antidiabetics or because of comorbidities, particularly in the event of renal failure. Educating the patient and family early in the course of the disease is one of the keys to effective and safe treatment. The management of elderly diabetic patients must avoid both too much laxity in those who have successfully aged and unreasonable activism in fragile subjects because of the risk of hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyse Bordier
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Bégin, avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France.
| | - Jean Doucet
- Service de Médecine Interne Polyvalente, Université de Normandie, CHU de Rouen, 76031 Rouen cedex, France
| | - Bernard Bauduceau
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Bégin, avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
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7
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Fugar S, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Ho JE, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Levine DA, Liu J, Ma J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 147:e93-e621. [PMID: 36695182 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1181] [Impact Index Per Article: 1181.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2023 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2022 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. The American Heart Association strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) publications, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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8
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Mader JK, Brix JM, Aberer F, Vonbank A, Resl M, Hochfellner DA, Ress C, Pieber TR, Stechemesser L, Sourij H. [Hospital diabetes management (Update 2023)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:242-255. [PMID: 37101046 PMCID: PMC10133359 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
This position statement presents the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association for diabetes management of adult patients during inpatient stay. It is based on the current evidence with respect to blood glucose targets, insulin therapy and treatment with oral/injectable antidiabetic drugs during inpatient hospitalization. Additionally, special circumstances such as intravenous insulin therapy, concomitant therapy with glucocorticoids and use of diabetes technology during hospitalization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Mader
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich.
| | - Johanna M Brix
- Medizinische Abteilung mit Diabetologie, Endokrinologie und Nephrologie, Klinik Landstraße, Wien, Österreich
| | - Felix Aberer
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Alexander Vonbank
- Innere Medizin I mit Kardiologie, Angiologie, Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Intensivmedizin, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Österreich
| | - Michael Resl
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz, Linz, Österreich
| | - Daniel A Hochfellner
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Claudia Ress
- Innere Medizin, Department I, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Lars Stechemesser
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität - Landeskrankenhaus, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Harald Sourij
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich
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9
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Liao WT, Lee CC, Kuo CL, Lin KC. Predicting readmission due to severe hyperglycemia after a hyperglycemic crisis episode. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 192:110115. [PMID: 36220515 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the readmission pattern and risk factors for patients who experienced a hyperglycemic crisis. METHODS Patients admitted to MacKay Memorial Hospital for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) between January 2016 and April 2019 were studied. The timing of the first readmission for hyperglycemia and other causes was recorded. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare patients with hyperglycemia and all-cause readmissions. Cox regression was used to identify independent predictors for hyperglycemia and all-cause readmission post-discharge. RESULTS The study cohort included 410 patients, and 15.3 % and 46.3 % of them had hyperglycemia and all-cause readmissions, respectively. The DKA and HHS group showed a similar incidence for hyperglycemia, with the latter group showing a higher incidence of all-cause readmissions. The significant predictors of hyperglycemia readmissions included young age, smoking, hypoglycemia, higher effective osmolality, and hyperthyroidism in the DKA group and higher glycated hemoglobin level in the HHS group. CONCLUSIONS Patients who experienced DKA and HHS had similar hyperglycemia readmission rates; however, predictors in the DKA group were not applicable to the HHS group. Designing different strategies for different types of hyperglycemic crisis is necessary for preventing readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tsen Liao
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd, Zhongshan Dist., Taipei City 10449, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd, Sanzhi Dist, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan, ROC; Community Medicine Research Center, Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Chuan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd, Zhongshan Dist., Taipei City 10449, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd, Sanzhi Dist, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Lin Kuo
- Community Medicine Research Center, Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Yong Cheng Rehabilitation Clinic, Taipei City 10663, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Chia Lin
- Community Medicine Research Center, Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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10
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Jiang DH, O'Connor PJ, Huguet N, Golden SH, McCoy RG. Modernizing Diabetes Care Quality Measures. Health Aff (Millwood) 2022; 41:955-962. [PMID: 35759700 PMCID: PMC9288231 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of diabetes quality measures in the US since the mid-1990s has increased the burden of measurement without commensurate improvements in the quality of care or health outcomes. Measures in use today do not represent or incentivize achievement of care goals in all domains of quality that are necessary to achieve optimal diabetes health. We recommend reimagining and improving diabetes quality measurement through the following propositions: widespread adoption of new measures and modernization of existing measures across six domains of quality; use of a subset of new and modernized metrics as top-line measures for reporting and reimbursement; and optional use of the remaining new and modernized measures for evaluative purposes at all levels of the care delivery system to identify and address gaps in care quality and outcomes. These propositions would support practices and policies at all levels of the health care system to improve the health of people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalie Huguet
- Nathalie Huguet, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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11
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Shi Min Ko M, Kit Lee W, Chang Ang L, Goh SY, Mong Bee Y, Ming Teh M. A Cross-Sectional study on risk factors for severe hypoglycemia among Insulin-Treated elderly type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in Singapore. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109236. [PMID: 35131380 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the risk factors for severe hypoglycemia among Southeast Asian T2DM patients. METHODS Insulin-treated T2DM patients greater than 65 years old with HbA1c < 8% were recruited. They completed questionnaires detailing their experience of hypoglycemia and presence of impaired hypoglycemia awareness (IAH). Data on insulin treatment regimens, glycated haemoglobin (Hba1c) and comorbidities were also collected. RESULTS Of the 92 participants, 15.2% had at least one episode of severe hypoglycemia over the past year. Comparison between both groups showed that patients with severe hypoglycemia had lower Hba1c, higher Gold score (3.9 ± 1.9 vs. 2.5 ± 1.4; p < .05) and higher Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS) worry score (39.1 ± 14.3 vs. 31.8 ± 11.8; p < .05). There were no significant differences in duration of diabetes and insulin treatment, treatment regimens and diabetes associated comorbidities except peripheral vascular disease. Furthermore, no significant differences were noted in HFS behavior score, hypoglycemia risk modifying behavior and social economic status. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe hypoglycemia had tighter glycemic control, greater IAH and higher worry scores regardless of treatment regimens. Clinicians may play a significant role in tightening glycemic control and influencing the risk of severe hypoglycemia. Standard structured diabetes education may help reduce the risk of severe hypoglycemia among this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wai Kit Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li Chang Ang
- Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Su-Yen Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yong Mong Bee
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ming Ming Teh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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12
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Lopes ROP, Santos JDC, Oliveira HCD, Campos JF, Primo CC, Lopes CT, Brandão MAG. Risk for Imbalanced Blood Glucose Pattern: Construct Analysis and Nursing Diagnosis Proposal. Clin Nurs Res 2022; 31:1241-1249. [PMID: 35100892 DOI: 10.1177/10547738211073395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To identify a clinical judgment of susceptibility referring to the development of glycemic fluctuations in adults with Diabetes Mellitus undergoing treatment. Theoretical study with construct analysis. The exploration of the phenomena of glycemic variations provided clues for the description of the blood glucose pattern construct and the proposal of a new risk Nursing diagnosis as a judgment of susceptibility to the balance of this pattern. The risk factors for "Risk for Imbalanced Blood Glucose Pattern" are cognitive dysfunction; excessive alcohol consumption; excessive daily exercise; inadequate follow through with treatment regimen; increased frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose; inadequate knowledge of disease process; inadequate management of amount of food; inadequate regularity of meal consumption; obesity; overweight; smoking; underweight. The elaboration of "Risk for Imbalanced Blood Glucose Pattern" Nursing diagnosis contributes to the advancement in the Nursing classifications and to the elaboration of planning actions and specific interventions.
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Carson AP, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Ferguson JF, Generoso G, Ho JE, Kalani R, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Levine DA, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Ma J, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Thacker EL, VanWagner LB, Virani SS, Voecks JH, Wang NY, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022; 145:e153-e639. [PMID: 35078371 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2412] [Impact Index Per Article: 1206.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2022 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population and an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, and the global burden of cardiovascular disease and healthy life expectancy. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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14
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Kurani SS, Lampman MA, Funni SA, Giblon RE, Inselman JW, Shah ND, Allen S, Rushlow D, McCoy RG. Association Between Area-Level Socioeconomic Deprivation and Diabetes Care Quality in US Primary Care Practices. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2138438. [PMID: 34964856 PMCID: PMC8717098 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.38438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Diabetes management operates under a complex interrelationship between behavioral, social, and economic factors that affect a patient's ability to self-manage and access care. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between 2 complementary area-based metrics, area deprivation index (ADI) score and rurality, and optimal diabetes care. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study analyzed the electronic health records of patients who were receiving care at any of the 75 Mayo Clinic or Mayo Clinic Health System primary care practices in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin in 2019. Participants were adults with diabetes aged 18 to 75 years. All data were abstracted and analyzed between June 1 and November 30, 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the attainment of all 5 components of the D5 metric of optimal diabetes care: glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c <8.0%), blood pressure (BP) control (systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg), lipid control (use of statin therapy according to recommended guidelines), aspirin use (for patients with ischemic vascular disease), and no tobacco use. The proportion of patients receiving optimal diabetes care was calculated as a function of block group-level ADI score (a composite measure of 17 US Census indicators) and zip code-level rurality (calculated using Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes). Odds of achieving the D5 metric and its components were assessed using logistic regression that was adjusted for demographic characteristics, coronary artery disease history, and primary care team specialty. RESULTS Among the 31 934 patients included in the study (mean [SD] age, 59 [11.7] years; 17 645 men [55.3%]), 13 138 (41.1%) achieved the D5 metric of optimal diabetes care. Overall, 4090 patients (12.8%) resided in the least deprived quintile (quintile 1) of block groups and 1614 (5.1%) lived in the most deprived quintile (quintile 5), while 9193 patients (28.8%) lived in rural areas and 2299 (7.2%) in highly rural areas. The odds of meeting the D5 metric were lower for individuals residing in quintile 5 vs quintile 1 block groups (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.67-0.78). Patients residing in rural (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.97) and highly rural (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72-0.91) zip codes were also less likely to attain the D5 metric compared with those in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cross-sectional study found that patients living in more deprived and rural areas were significantly less likely to attain high-quality diabetes care compared with those living in less deprived and urban areas. The results call for geographically targeted population health management efforts by health systems, public health agencies, and payers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Shiraz Kurani
- Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michelle A. Lampman
- Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shealeigh A. Funni
- Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rachel E. Giblon
- Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jonathan W. Inselman
- Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nilay D. Shah
- Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Summer Allen
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David Rushlow
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rozalina G. McCoy
- Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Sheen Y, Huang C, Huang S, Lin C, Lee I, H‐H Sheu W. Electronic dashboard-based remote glycemic management program reduces length of stay and readmission rate among hospitalized adults. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1697-1707. [PMID: 33421275 PMCID: PMC8409866 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Currently, the impact of hospital-wide glycemic control interventions on length of hospital stay (LOS) and readmission rates are largely unknown. We investigated the impact of a 4-year hospital-wide remote glycemic management program on LOS and 30-day readmission rates among hospitalized adults who received glucose monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, hospitalized patients who received glucose monitoring were classified into groups 1 (high glucose variability), 2 (hypoglycemia), 3 (hyperglycemia) and 4 (relatively stable). The monthly percentage changes, and average monthly percentage changes of hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and treat to target were determined using joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 106,528 hospitalized patients (mean age 60.9 ± 18.5 years, 57% men) were enrolled. We observed a significant reduction in the percentage of inpatients in poor glycemic control groups (groups 1, 2 and 3, all P < 0.001), and a reciprocal increase in the relatively stable group (group 4) from 2016 to 2019. We found a significant reduction in LOS by 11.4% (10.5-9.3 days, P = 0.002, after adjustment for age, sex, and admission department). The 30-day readmission rate decreased from 29.9% to 29.3%, mainly among those in group 4 in 2019 (P < 0.001 after adjustment of sex, age, admission department and LOS). CONCLUSIONS Improved glycemic control through a hospital-wide electronic remote glycemic management system reduced LOS and 30-day readmission rates. Findings observed in this study might be associated with the reduction in cost of avoidable hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Jing Sheen
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Chung Huang
- Department of Computer & Communications CenterTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Che Huang
- Division of Clinical InformationCenter of Quality ManagementTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Heng Lin
- Department of Medical ResearchTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - I‐Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
- College of ScienceTunghai UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Wayne H‐H Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Medical TechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNational Chung‐Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
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Carlson AL, Kanapka LG, Miller KM, Ahmann AJ, Chaytor NS, Fox S, Kiblinger L, Kruger D, Levy CJ, Peters AL, Rickels MR, Salam M, Shah VN, Young LA, Kudva YC, Pratley R. Hypoglycemia and Glycemic Control in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Baseline Results From the WISDM Study. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2021; 15:582-592. [PMID: 31867988 PMCID: PMC8120041 DOI: 10.1177/1932296819894974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge regarding the burden and predictors of hypoglycemia among older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is limited. METHODS We analyzed baseline data from the Wireless Innovations for Seniors with Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) study, which enrolled participants at 22 sites in the United States. Eligibility included clinical diagnosis of T1D, age ≥60 years, no real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use in prior three months, and HbA1c <10.0%. Blinded CGM data from 203 participants with at least 240 hours were included in the analyses. RESULTS Median age of the cohort was 68 years (52% female, 93% non-Hispanic white, and 53% used insulin pumps). Mean HbA1c was 7.5%. Median time spent in the glucose range <70 mg/dL was 5.0% (72 min/day) and <54 mg/dL was 1.6% (24 min/day). Among all factors analyzed, only reduced hypoglycemia awareness was associated with greater time spent <54 mg/dL (median time of 2.7% vs 1.3% [39 vs 19 minutes per day] for reduced awareness vs aware/uncertain, respectively, P = .03). Participants spent a mean 56% of total time in target glucose range of 70-180 mg/dL and 37% of time above 180 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS Over half of older T1D participants spent at least an hour a day with glucose levels <70 mg/dL. Those with reduced hypoglycemia awareness spent over twice as much time than those without in a serious hypoglycemia range (glucose levels <54 mg/dL). Interventions to reduce exposure to clinically significant hypoglycemia and increase time in range are urgently needed in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kellee M. Miller
- Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa,
FL, USA
- Kellee M. Miller, PhD, Jaeb Center for
Health Research, 15310 Amberly Drive, Suite 350, Tampa, FL 33647, USA.
| | - Andrew J. Ahmann
- Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center
at Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Naomi S. Chaytor
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine,
Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Steven Fox
- Keck School of Medicine of the
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Carol J. Levy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne L. Peters
- Keck School of Medicine of the
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R. Rickels
- Rodebaugh Diabetes Center, University of
Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maamoun Salam
- Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Cheng S, Delling FN, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Ferguson JF, Gupta DK, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Lee CD, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Ma J, Mackey J, Martin SS, Matchar DB, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Roth GA, Samad Z, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Stokes A, VanWagner LB, Wang NY, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 143:e254-e743. [PMID: 33501848 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3047] [Impact Index Per Article: 1015.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2021 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors related to cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Each of the 27 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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18
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Soh JGS, Wong WP, Mukhopadhyay A, Quek SC, Tai BC. Predictors of 30-day unplanned hospital readmission among adult patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001227. [PMID: 32784248 PMCID: PMC7418689 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) represent one-fifth of all 30-day unplanned hospital readmissions but some may be preventable through continuity of care with better DM self-management. We aim to synthesize evidence concerning the association between 30-day unplanned hospital readmission and patient-related factors, insurance status, treatment and comorbidities in adult patients with DM. We searched full-text English language articles in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL) without confining to a particular publication period or geographical area. Prospective and retrospective cohort and case-control studies which identified significant risk factors of 30-day unplanned hospital readmission were included, while interventional studies were excluded. The study participants were aged ≥18 years with either type 1 or 2 DM. The random effects model was used to quantify the overall effect of each factor. Twenty-three studies published between 1998 and 2018 met the selection criteria and 18 provided information for the meta-analysis. The data were collected within a period ranging from 1 to 15 years. Although patient-related factors such as age, gender and race were identified, comorbidities such as heart failure (OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.67 to 1.96) and renal disease (OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.12), as well as insulin therapy (OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.71) and insurance status (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.63) were stronger predictors of 30-day unplanned hospital readmission. The findings may be used to target DM self-management education at vulnerable groups based on comorbidities, insurance type, and insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Gek Sang Soh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | - Wai Pong Wong
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | - Amartya Mukhopadhyay
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
- National University Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Swee Chye Quek
- Department of Paediatrics, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bee Choo Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Zaccardi F, Davies MJ, Khunti K. The present and future scope of real-world evidence research in diabetes: What questions can and cannot be answered and what might be possible in the future? Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22 Suppl 3:21-34. [PMID: 32250528 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an exponential growth in the opportunities to collect and link health-related data from multiple resources, including primary care, administrative, and device data. The availability of these "real-world," "big data" has fuelled also an intense methodological research into methods to handle them and extract actionable information. In medicine, the evidence generated from "real-world data" (RWD), which are not purposely collected to answer biomedical questions, is commonly termed "real-world evidence" (RWE). In this review, we focus on RWD and RWE in the area of diabetes research, highlighting their contributions in the last decade; and give some suggestions for future RWE diabetes research, by applying well-established and less-known tools to direct RWE diabetes research towards better personalized approaches to diabetes care. We underline the essential aspects to consider when using RWD and the key features limiting the translational potential of RWD in generating high-quality and applicable RWE. Only if viewed in the context of other study designs and statistical methods, with its pros and cons carefully considered, RWE will exploit its full potential as a complementary or even, in some cases, substitutive source of evidence compared to the expensive evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester, UK
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20
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McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Van Houten HK, Shah ND. Paradox of glycemic management: multimorbidity, glycemic control, and high-risk medication use among adults with diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001007. [PMID: 32075810 PMCID: PMC7039576 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycemic targets and glucose-lowering regimens should be individualized based on multiple factors, including the presence of comorbidities. We examined contemporary patterns of glycemic control and use of medications known to cause hypoglycemia among adults with diabetes across age and multimorbidity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We retrospectively examined glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and rates of insulin/sulfonylurea use as a function of age and multimorbidity using administrative claims and laboratory data for adults with type 2 diabetes included in OptumLabs Data Warehouse, 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016. Comorbidity burden was assessed by counts of any of 16 comorbidities specified by guidelines as warranting relaxation of HbA1c targets, classified as being diabetes concordant (diabetes complications or risk factors), discordant (unrelated to diabetes), or advanced (life limiting). RESULTS Among 194 157 patients with type 2 diabetes included in the study, 45.2% had only concordant comorbidities, 30.6% concordant and discordant, 2.7% only discordant, and 13.0% had ≥1 advanced comorbidity. Mean HbA1c was 7.7% among 18-44 year-olds versus 6.9% among ≥75 year-olds, and was higher among patients with comorbidities: 7.3% with concordant only, 7.1% with discordant only, 7.1% with concordant and discordant, and 7.0% with advanced comorbidities compared with 7.4% among patients without comorbidities. The odds of insulin use decreased with age (OR 0.51 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.54) for age ≥75 vs 18-44 years) but increased with accumulation of concordant (OR 5.50 (95% CI 5.22 to 5.79) for ≥3 vs none), discordant (OR 1.72 (95% CI 1.60 to 1.86) for ≥3 vs none), and advanced (OR 1.45 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.68) for ≥2 vs none) comorbidities. Conversely, sulfonylurea use increased with age (OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.44) for age ≥75 vs 18-44 years) but decreased with accumulation of concordant (OR 0.76 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.79) for ≥3 vs none), discordant (OR 0.70 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.76) for ≥3 vs none), but not advanced (OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.01) for ≥2 vs none) comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of patients achieving low HbA1c levels was highest among older and multimorbid patients. Older patients and patients with higher comorbidity burden were more likely to be treated with insulin to achieve these HbA1c levels despite potential for hypoglycemia and uncertain long-term benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozalina G McCoy
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Health Care Policy & Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kasia J Lipska
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Holly K Van Houten
- Division of Health Care Policy & Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nilay D Shah
- Division of Health Care Policy & Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- OptumLabs, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, VanWagner LB, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e139-e596. [PMID: 31992061 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4785] [Impact Index Per Article: 1196.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2020 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, metrics to assess and monitor healthy diets, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, a focus on the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the American Heart Association's 2020 Impact Goals. RESULTS Each of the 26 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Wu JZ, Yang Y, Li S, Shi A, Song B, Niu S, Chen W, Yao Z. Glucose-Sensitive Nanoparticles Based On Poly(3-Acrylamidophenylboronic Acid-Block-N-Vinylcaprolactam) For Insulin Delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8059-8072. [PMID: 31632018 PMCID: PMC6781948 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s220936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with random copolymers, block copolymerization is easier to prepare for nanoparticles with core-shell structure, and they will have better glucose sensitivity and higher insulin loading. PURPOSE In our study, insulin-loaded poly (3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid-block-N-vinyl caprolactam) p(AAPBA-b-NVCL) nanoparticles were successfully prepared and were glucose-sensitive, which could effectively lower the blood sugar levels within 72 hrs. METHODS The polymer of p(AAPBA-b-NVCL) was produced by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization based on different ratios of 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA) and N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL), and its structure was discussed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance . Next, the polymer was manufactured into the nanoparticles, and the characteristics of nanoparticles were detected by dynamic light scattering, lower critical solution temperature, and transmission electron microscopy. After that, the cell and animal toxicity of nanoparticles were also investigated. RESULTS The results demonstrated that p(AAPBA-b-NVCL) was successfully synthesized, and can be easily self-assembled to form nanoparticles. The new nanoparticles included monodisperse submicron particles, with the size of the nanoparticle ranged between 150 and 300nm and are glucose- and temperature-sensitive. Meanwhile, insulin can be easily loaded by p(AAPBA-b-NVCL) nanoparticles and an effective sustained release of insulin was observed when the nanoparticles were placed in physiological saline. Besides, MTT assay revealed that cell viability was more than 80%, and mice demonstrated no negative impact on blood biochemistry and heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney after intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg/d of nanoparticles. This suggested that the nanoparticles were low-toxic to both cells and animals. Moreover, they could lower the blood sugar level within 72h. CONCLUSION Our research suggested that these p(AAPBA-b-NVCL) nanoparticles might have the potential to be applied in a delivery system for insulin or other hypoglycemic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-zi Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shude Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anhua Shi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Song
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Niu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - WenHui Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan650500, People’s Republic of China
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Karslioglu French E, Donihi AC, Korytkowski MT. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome: review of acute decompensated diabetes in adult patients. BMJ 2019; 365:l1114. [PMID: 31142480 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) are life threatening complications that occur in patients with diabetes. In addition to timely identification of the precipitating cause, the first step in acute management of these disorders includes aggressive administration of intravenous fluids with appropriate replacement of electrolytes (primarily potassium). In patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, this is always followed by administration of insulin, usually via an intravenous insulin infusion that is continued until resolution of ketonemia, but potentially via the subcutaneous route in mild cases. Careful monitoring by experienced physicians is needed during treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis and HHS. Common pitfalls in management include premature termination of intravenous insulin therapy and insufficient timing or dosing of subcutaneous insulin before discontinuation of intravenous insulin. This review covers recommendations for acute management of diabetic ketoacidosis and HHS, the complications associated with these disorders, and methods for preventing recurrence. It also discusses why many patients who present with these disorders are at high risk for hospital readmissions, early morbidity, and mortality well beyond the acute presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Karslioglu French
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy C Donihi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary T Korytkowski
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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24
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Mader JK, Brix J, Aberer F, Vonbank A, Resl M, Pieber TR, Stechemesser L, Sourij H. [Hospital diabetes management (Update 2019)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2019; 131:200-211. [PMID: 30980162 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-1447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This position statement presents the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association for diabetes management of adult patients during inpatient stay. It is based on the current evidence with respect to blood glucose targets, insulin therapy and treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs during inpatient hospitalization. Additionally, special circumstances such as intravenous insulin therapy, concomitant therapy with glucocorticoids and use of diabetes technology during hospitalization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Mader
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich.
| | - Johanna Brix
- 1. Medizinische Abteilung mit Diabetologie, Endokrinologie und Nephrologie, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Wien, Österreich
| | - Felix Aberer
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Alexander Vonbank
- Innere Medizin I mit Kardiologie, Angiologie, Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Intensivmedizin, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Österreich
| | - Michael Resl
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz, Linz, Österreich
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Lars Stechemesser
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität - Landeskrankenhaus, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Harald Sourij
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Österreich
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25
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McCoy RG, Kidney RSM, Holznagel D, Peters T, Madzura V. Challenges for younger adults with diabetes. MINNESOTA MEDICINE 2019; 102:34-36. [PMID: 31889734 PMCID: PMC6936754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rozalina G McCoy
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic
| | - Renée S M Kidney
- Diabetes Unit in the Minnesota Department of Health's Division of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease
| | | | - Tina Peters
- Minnesota Department of Health, Health Care Homes Program
| | - Vimbai Madzura
- Community and Care Integration Division, Minnesota Department of Human Services
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