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Cardenas Perez AS, Challis JK, Alcaraz AJ, Ji X, Ramirez AVV, Hecker M, Brinkmann M. Developing an Approach for Integrating Chemical Analysis and Transcriptional Changes to Assess Contaminants in Water, Sediment, and Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38801401 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments pose threats to aquatic organisms because of their continuous release and potential accumulation. Monitoring methods for these contaminants are inadequate, with targeted analyses falling short in assessing water quality's impact on biota. The present study advocates for integrated strategies combining suspect and targeted chemical analyses with molecular biomarker approaches to better understand the risks posed by complex chemical mixtures to nontarget organisms. The research aimed to integrate chemical analysis and transcriptome changes in fathead minnows to prioritize contaminants, assess their effects, and apply this strategy in Wascana Creek, Canada. Analysis revealed higher pharmaceutical concentrations downstream of a wastewater-treatment plant, with clozapine being the most abundant in fathead minnows, showing notable bioavailability from water and sediment sources. Considering the importance of bioaccumulation factor and biota-sediment accumulation factor in risk assessment, these coefficients were calculated based on field data collected during spring, summer, and fall seasons in 2021. Bioaccumulation was classified as very bioaccumulative with values >5000 L kg-1, suggesting the ability of pharmaceuticals to accumulate in aquatic organisms. The study highlighted the intricate relationship between nutrient availability, water quality, and key pathways affected by pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and rubber components. Prioritization of these chemicals was done through suspect analysis, supported by identifying perturbed pathways (specifically signaling and cellular processes) using transcriptomic analysis in exposed fish. This strategy not only aids in environmental risk assessment but also serves as a practical model for other watersheds, streamlining risk-assessment processes to identify environmental hazards and work toward reducing risks from contaminants of emerging concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-22. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sharelys Cardenas Perez
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Challis
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alper James Alcaraz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Ji
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexis Valerio Valery Ramirez
- Grupo de investigación Agrícola y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, San Cristóbal, Venezuela
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Dubowski Y, Alfiya Y, Gilboa Y, Sabach S, Friedler E. A combined approach of electrodialysis pretreatment and vacuum UV for removing micropollutants from natural waters. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121152. [PMID: 38277830 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) augment traditional water treatment methods, enhancing the removal of persistent contaminants. Efficiency of AOPs that utilize UV radiation for oxidants generation (e.g., ·OH) is reduced in water matrices that contain substants that may act as inner UV filters and/or scavengers for the generated radicals. Among such interfering compounds are major inorganic ions and dissolved organic matter that are naturally present in realistic waters. Thus, to improve AOPs efficiency it is desirable to separate the target pollutants from these natural species before treatment. Here the potential of electrodialysis as such pretreatment was investigated. The impact of this pretreatment on photo-oxidation of the pharmaceutical carbamazepine (CBZ) under VUV (λ<200 nm) irradiation, which yields ·OH generation via water homolysis, was tested in different water matrices. The obtained results indicate that in all tested solutions: Deionized water, groundwater, surface water, and treated wastewater, the addition of electrodialysis pretreatment successfully separated the target micropollutant CBZ from the major natural ions and to some extend the NOM, resulting faster degradation rates of CBZ and its transformation products in the following VUV-based AOP. Energy cost calculations indicated that addition of this pretreatment step reduces the overall energy demand of the system (i.e., energy consumption for the electrodialysis step was smaller than the energy gained by reducing the required VUV irradiation dose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Dubowski
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion 32000, Israel.
| | - Yuval Alfiya
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion 32000, Israel
| | - Yael Gilboa
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion 32000, Israel
| | - Sara Sabach
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion 32000, Israel
| | - Eran Friedler
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion 32000, Israel
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Mališová E, Guštafík A, Tamáš M, Strečanský T, Imreová Z, Konečná B, Červenková A, Peciar P, Mackuľak T, Híveš J. Effective stabilization of electrochemically prepared ecological oxidizing agent-ferrate(VI)-by encapsulation in zeolite and its application to water containing SARS-CoV-2 virus. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10940. [PMID: 37815302 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Improper and insufficient treatment of infectious hospital wastewater could seriously endanger public health and the environment. Ferrate(VI), a strong oxidizing, disinfecting, and coagulating agent, has the potential as a green solution for decontamination of water and wastewater. In this paper, electrochemically prepared potassium ferrate (K2 FeO4 ) with high purity was successfully encapsulated and applied to the water contaminated by SARS-CoV-2. Natural zeolite was chosen as an appropriate ecological material for ferrate encapsulation. The stability of encapsulated ferrate (in tablet form) was monitored for an extended time period (290 days) and has significantly increased in contrast with free potassium ferrate by almost 30%. Subsequently, the K2 FeO4 encapsulated with zeolite in tablet form was applied to the water and municipal water samples containing the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The removal efficiency reached up to 98.5% and 86.7%, respectively, under natural conditions. Combination of environmentally friendly oxidizing agent and natural excellent adsorbent leads to the creation of very effective water treatment matter. These findings are essentially immediate and especially important for immediate water treatment in urgent situations such as natural disasters or military conflict. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Electrochemical preparation of oxidizing agent, K2 FeO4 , in high purity by own constructed electrolyzer. Encapsulation of ferrate(VI) to natural zeolite threefold improving the stability during 9 months. SARS-CoV-2 virus was successfully removed from various contaminated types of water. High degradation efficiency of virus fragments by Fe(VI) was achieved without additional water adjustment, in natural pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Mališová
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Adam Guštafík
- Institute of Process Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Tamáš
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Strečanský
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Imreová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Červenková
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Peciar
- Institute of Process Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Híveš
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Aslam MM, Tufail A, Kim KH, Apong RAAHM, Raza MT. A Comprehensive Study on Cyber Attacks in Communication Networks in Water Purification and Distribution Plants: Challenges, Vulnerabilities, and Future Prospects. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7999. [PMID: 37766053 PMCID: PMC10536937 DOI: 10.3390/s23187999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has had a big impact on both industry and academia. Its profound impact is particularly felt in the industrial sector, where the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), also known as Industry 4.0, is revolutionizing manufacturing and production through the fusion of cutting-edge technologies and network-embedded sensing devices. The IIoT revolutionizes several industries, including crucial ones such as oil and gas, water purification and distribution, energy, and chemicals, by integrating information technology (IT) with industrial control and automation systems. Water, a vital resource for life, is a symbol of the advancement of technology, yet knowledge of potential cyberattacks and their catastrophic effects on water treatment facilities is still insufficient. Even seemingly insignificant errors can have serious consequences, such as aberrant pH values or fluctuations in the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCI) in water, which can result in fatalities or serious diseases. The water purification and distribution industry has been the target of numerous hostile cyber security attacks, some of which have been identified, revealed, and documented in this paper. Our goal is to understand the range of security threats that are present in this industry. Through the lens of IIoT, the survey provides a technical investigation that covers attack models, actual cases of cyber intrusions in the water sector, a range of security difficulties encountered, and preventative security solutions. We also explore upcoming perspectives, illuminating the predicted advancements and orientations in this dynamic subject. For industrial practitioners and aspiring scholars alike, our work is a useful, enlightening, and current resource. We want to promote a thorough grasp of the cybersecurity landscape in the water industry by combining key insights and igniting group efforts toward a safe and dependable digital future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muzamil Aslam
- School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei; (M.M.A.); (A.T.); (R.A.A.H.M.A.)
| | - Ali Tufail
- School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei; (M.M.A.); (A.T.); (R.A.A.H.M.A.)
| | - Ki-Hyung Kim
- Department of Cyber Security, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Muhammad Taqi Raza
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
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Munné A, Solà C, Ejarque E, Sanchís J, Serra P, Corbella I, Aceves M, Galofré B, Boleda MR, Paraira M, Molist J. Indirect potable water reuse to face drought events in Barcelona city. Setting a monitoring procedure to protect aquatic ecosystems and to ensure a safe drinking water supply. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161339. [PMID: 36603611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures are expected to limit the availability of water resources. Hence, active measures must be planned in vulnerable regions to ensure a sustainable water supply and minimize environmental impacts. A pilot test was carried out in the Llobregat River (NE Spain) aiming to provide a useful procedure to cope with severe droughts through indirect water reuse. Reclaimed water was used to restore the minimum flow of the lower Llobregat River, ensuring a suitable water supply downstream for Barcelona. A monitoring was performed to assess chemical and microbiological threats throughout the water treatment train, the river and the final drinking water, including 376 micropollutants and common microbiological indicators. The effects of water disinfection were studied by chlorinating reclaimed water prior to its discharge into the river. Data showed that 10 micropollutants (bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, chloroform, EDDP, diclofenac, iopamidol, ioprimid, lamotrigine, ofloxacin and valsartan) posed a potential risk to aquatic life, whereas one solvent (1,4-dioxane) could affect human health. The chlorination of reclaimed water mitigated the occurrence of pharmaceuticals but, conversely, the concentration of halogenated disinfection by-products increased. From a microbiological perspective, the microbial load decreased along wastewater treatments and, later, along drinking water treatment, ultimately reaching undetectable values in final potable water. Non-chlorinated reclaimed water showed a lower log reduction of E. coli and coliphages than chlorinated water. However, the effect of disinfection vanished once reclaimed water was discharged into the river, as the basal concentration of microorganisms in the Llobregat River was comparable to that of non-chlorinated reclaimed water. Overall, our study indicates that indirect water reuse can be a valid alternative source of drinking water in densely populated areas such as Barcelona (Catalonia - NE Spain). A suitable monitoring procedure is presented to assess the related risks to human health and the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Munné
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carolina Solà
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Sanchís
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Serra
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Roc Boronat 81, 08182 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Corbella
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Roc Boronat 81, 08182 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Aceves
- Barcelona Metropolitan Area, C/62, 18, Zona Franca, 08040 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belen Galofré
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Boleda
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Paraira
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Molist
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Blanco G, Gómez-Ramírez P, Espín S, Sánchez-Virosta P, Frías Ó, García-Fernández AJ. Domestic Waste and Wastewaters as Potential Sources of Pharmaceuticals in Nestling White Storks (Ciconia ciconia). Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030520. [PMID: 36978387 PMCID: PMC10044248 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on the exposure of wild birds to pharmaceuticals from wastewater and urban refuse is scarce despite the enormous amount of drugs consumed and discarded by human populations. We tested for the presence of a battery of antibiotics, NSAIDs, and analgesics in the blood of white stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings in the vicinity of urban waste dumps and contaminated rivers in Madrid, central Spain. We also carried out a literature review on the occurrence and concentration of the tested compounds in other wild bird species to further evaluate possible shared exposure routes with white storks. The presence of two pharmaceutical drugs (the analgesic acetaminophen and the antibiotic marbofloxacin) out of fourteen analysed in the blood of nestlings was confirmed in 15% of individuals (n = 20) and in 30% of the nests (n = 10). The apparently low occurrence and concentration (acetaminophen: 9.45 ng mL−1; marbofloxacin: 7.21 ng mL−1) in nestlings from different nests suggests the uptake through food acquired in rubbish dumps rather than through contaminated flowing water provided by parents to offspring. As with other synthetic materials, different administration forms (tablets, capsules, and gels) of acetaminophen discarded in household waste could be accidentally ingested when parent storks forage on rubbish to provide meat scraps to their nestlings. The presence of the fluoroquinolone marbofloxacin, exclusively used in veterinary medicine, suggests exposure via consumption of meat residues of treated animals for human consumption found in rubbish dumps, as documented previously at higher concentrations in vultures consuming entire carcasses of large livestock. Control measures and ecopharmacovigilance frameworks are needed to minimize the release of pharmaceutical compounds from the human population into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Pilar Gómez-Ramírez
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Espín
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Sánchez-Virosta
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Óscar Frías
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J. García-Fernández
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Silori R, Shrivastava V, Singh A, Sharma P, Aouad M, Mahlknecht J, Kumar M. Global groundwater vulnerability for Pharmaceutical and Personal care products (PPCPs): The scenario of second decade of 21st century. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115703. [PMID: 35932733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global production of PPCPs have increased by multiple folds promoting excessive exposure of its metabolites to humans via different aquatic systems. The higher residence time of toxic precursors of these metabolites pose direct human health risk. Among the different aquatic systems, the contamination of groundwater by PPCPs is the most concerning threat. This threat is especially critical considering the lesser oxidizing potential of the groundwater as compared to freshwater/river water. A major challenge also arises due to excessive dependency of the world's population on groundwater, which is exponentially increasing with time. This makes the identification and characterization of spatial contamination hotspots highly probabilistic as compared to other freshwater systems. The situation is more vulnerable in developing countries where there is a reported inadequacy of wastewater treatment facilities, thereby forcing the groundwater to behave as the only available sequestrating sink for all these contaminants. With increased consumption of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals compounds, these wastes have proven capability in terms of enhancing the resistance among the biotic community of the soil systems, which ultimately can become catastrophic and carcinogenic in near future. Recent studies are supporting the aforementioned concern where compounds like diclofenac (analgesic) have attained a concentration of 1.3 mgL-1 in the aquifer systems of Delhi, India. The situation is far worse for developed nations where prolonged and indiscriminate usage of antidepressants and antibiotics have life threating consequences. It has been confirmed that certain compounds like ofloxacin (antibiotics) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate are present in some of the most sensitive wells/springs of the United States and Mexico. The current trend of the situation has been demonstrated by integrating a comparative approach of the published literatures in last three years. This review provides first-hand information report for formulating a directive policy framework for tackling PPCPs issues in the groundwater system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Silori
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Vikalp Shrivastava
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ashwin Singh
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Environmental Science, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Marwan Aouad
- College of Engineering, Applied Science University (ASU), Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Manish Kumar
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
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8
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Drzymała J, Kalka J, Sochacki A, Felis E. Towards Sustainable Wastewater Treatment: Bioindication as a Technique for Supporting Treatment Efficiency Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11859. [PMID: 36231168 PMCID: PMC9565086 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a promising alternative for conventional methods of wastewater treatment. However, the biggest challenge in wastewater treatment is the improvement of the technology used so that it is possible to remove micropollutants without additional costs. The impact of wastewater treatment in CWs on toxicity towards Aliivibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Lemna minor was investigated. The effects of feeding regime (wastewater fed in five batches per week at a batch volume of 1 L, or twice per week at a batch volume of 2.5 L) and the presence of pharmaceuticals (diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole), as well as the presence of Miscantus giganteus plants in CW columns (twelve of the 24 columns that were planted) were analyzed. A reduction in toxicity was observed in all experimental setups. The effluents from constructed wetlands were classified as moderately toxic (average TU for A. fischeri, D. magna and L. minor was 0.9, 2.5 and 5.5, respectively). The feeding regime of 5 days of feeding/2 days of resting resulted in a positive impact on the ecotoxicological and chemical parameters of wastewater (removal of TOC, N-NH4 and pharmaceuticals). Extended exposure of Miscantus giganteus to the wastewater containing pharmaceuticals resulted in elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in leaf material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Drzymała
- The Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Kalka
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka str 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adam Sochacki
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka str 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Felis
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka str 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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9
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Aviezer Y, Lahav O. Removal of contaminants of emerging concern from secondary-effluent reverse osmosis retentates by continuous supercritical water oxidation- parametric study and conceptual design. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129379. [PMID: 35752047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continuous removal of TOC and the degradation efficiency of carbamazepine and 17β-estradiol were investigated using actual secondary municipal-effluent RO-retentate solutions. A specific set of operating parameters were applied within the supercritical water oxidizing conditions: temperature range 420-480 °C, 25.1 MPa, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1-2 min, excess oxidant molar-ratio of 3-10 and presence of a homogenous catalyst (IPA) at 50-100 mg/L. > 99% organic carbon mineralization, along with complete degradation of model pollutants, was observed at 450 °C/1 min/OC= 5-10 and 100 mgIPA/L. The outlet estrone concentration, 1.03 ± 1.14 ng/L, representing estrogenic pollutants, dropped to the "no effect" range. A model for a SCWO plant treating secondary-municipal-effluent-RO-retentate for a city of 100,000 capita-equivalent was developed, based on a shell & tube SCWO flow reactor, showing > 75% energy-efficiency. The model yielded that for the extreme case of a zero caloric-value feed-solution, the total OPEX and CAPEX would be < $6.0 ± 2.5 per m3 of secondary effluents, i.e., two orders of magnitude lower than the reported environmental shadow-price associated with CECs (contaminants of emerging concern). Further work is required on the continuous and efficient separation of the salt-matrix, which can lead to higher overall heat transfer coefficients and enable further reduction in capital costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Aviezer
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Ori Lahav
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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10
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Mumtaz N, Javaid A, Imran M, Latif S, Hussain N, Nawaz S, Bilal M. Nanoengineered metal-organic framework for adsorptive and photocatalytic mitigation of pharmaceuticals and pesticide from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119690. [PMID: 35772620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly expanding water pollution has transformed into significant dangers around the world. In recent years, the pharmaceutical and agriculture field attained enormous progress to meet the necessities of health and life; however, discharge of trace amounts of pharmaceuticals and pesticides into water significantly have a negative influence on human health and the environment. Contamination with these pollutants also constitutes a great threat to the aquatic ecosystem. To deal with the harmful impacts of such pollutants, their expulsion has attracted researchers' interest a lot, and it became essential to figure out techniques suitable for the removal of these pollutants. Thus, many researchers have devoted their efforts to improving the existing technology or providing an alternative strategy to solve this environmental problem. One of the attractive materials for this purpose is metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to their superior high surface area, high porosity, and the tunable features of their structures and function. Among various techniques of wastewater treatment, such as biological treatment, advanced oxidation process and membrane technologies, etc., metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials are tailorable porous architectures and are viably used as adsorbents or photocatalysts for wastewater treatment due to their porosity, tunable internal structure, and large surface area. MOFs are synthesized by various methods such as solvo/hydrothermal, sonochemical, microwave and mechanochemical methods. Most common method used for the synthesis of MOFs is solvothermal/hydrothermal methods. Herein, this review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in MOFs and their derivatives, focusing on the following aspects: synthesis and applications. This review comprehensively highlights the application of MOFs and nano-MOFs to remove pharmaceuticals and pesticides from wastewater. For the past years, transition metal-based MOFs have been concentrated as photocatalyst/adsorbents in treating contaminated water. However, work on main group metal-based MOFs is not so abundant. Hence, the foremost objective of this review is to present the latest material and references concerning main group element-based MOFs and nanoscale materials derived from them towards wastewater treatment. It summarizes the possible research challenges and directions for MOFs and their derivatives as catalysts applied to wastewater treatment in the future. With the context of recent pioneering studies on main group elements-based MOFs and their derivatives; we hope to stimulate some possibilities for further development, challenges and future perspectives in this field have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Mumtaz
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Javaid
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shoomaila Latif
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
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11
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Ben Mordechay E, Sinai T, Berman T, Dichtiar R, Keinan-Boker L, Tarchitzky J, Maor Y, Mordehay V, Manor O, Chefetz B. Wastewater-derived organic contaminants in fresh produce: Dietary exposure and human health concerns. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118986. [PMID: 35988339 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation with reclaimed wastewater is a growing practice aimed at conserving freshwater sources, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Despite the apparent advantages to water management, the practice of irrigation with reclaimed wastewater exposes the agroenvironment to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). In this report, we estimated the unintentional dietary exposure of the Israeli population (2808 participants) to CECs from consumption of produce irrigated with reclaimed wastewater using detailed dietary data obtained from a National Health and Nutrition Survey (Rav Mabat adults; 2014-2016). Human health risk analyses were conducted based on acceptable daily intake (ADI) and threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approaches. The highest unintentional exposure to wastewater-borne CECs was found to occur through the consumption of leafy vegetables. All analyzed CECs exhibited hazard quotients <1 for the mean- and high-exposure scenarios, indicating no human health concerns. However, for the extreme exposure scenario, the anticonvulsant agents lamotrigine and carbamazepine, and the carbamazepine metabolite epoxide-carbamazepine exhibited the highest exposure levels of 29,100, 27,200, and 19,500 ng/person (70 kg) per day, respectively. These exposure levels exceeded the TTC of lamotrigine and the metabolite epoxide-carbamazepine, and the ADI of carbamazepine, resulting in hazard quotients of 2.8, 1.1, and 1.9, respectively. According to the extreme estimated scenario, consumption of produce irrigated with reclaimed wastewater (leafy vegetables in particular) may pose a threat to human health. Minimizing irrigation of leafy vegetables using reclaimed wastewater and/or improving the quality of the reclaimed wastewater using an advanced treatment would significantly reduce human dietary exposure to CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyatar Ben Mordechay
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Phytor Lab for Drug Development, Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University Biotechnology Park (JBP), Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Tali Sinai
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tamar Berman
- Department of Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rita Dichtiar
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jorge Tarchitzky
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Maor
- Phytor Lab for Drug Development, Hadassah Medical Center Hebrew University Biotechnology Park (JBP), Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Vered Mordehay
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Orly Manor
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Benny Chefetz
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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12
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Tóth AJ, Fózer D, Mizsey P, Varbanov PS, Klemeš JJ. Physicochemical methods for process wastewater treatment: powerful tools for circular economy in the chemical industry. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the chemical industry, a typical problem is the appropriate treatment of the process wastewaters. The biological treatment cannot be usually applied because of the high content of organochemical compounds. However, phsycicochemical methods can significantly contribute to the proper treatment of the process wastewater and usually also allows the recovery of the polluting materials. This phenomenon opens the application area of physicochemical methods for the treatment of process wastewater and can contribute not only to the aims of the circular economy but also to the zero liquid discharge. Besides literature studies, authors’ own results and innovations have been also presented. The treatment strategy for pharmaceutical process wastewater is reviewed in detail, which also serves to point out that hybrid methods can be usually efficient to solve the primary goal–maximum recovery and reuse of polluting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- András József Tóth
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , HU 1111, Műegyetem rkp. 3 , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dániel Fózer
- Division for Sustainability, Department of Technology, Management and Economics , Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet, Building, 424, DK-2800 Kgs , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Péter Mizsey
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Miskolc , HU 3515, Egyetemváros C/1 108 , Miskolc , Hungary
| | - Petar Sabev Varbanov
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Brno University of Technology VUT Brno , Technická 2896/2, 616 69 , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Brno University of Technology VUT Brno , Technická 2896/2, 616 69 , Brno , Czech Republic
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Neth M, Mattsson A, I'Ons D, Tumlin S, Arnell M, Blom L, Wilén BM, Modin O. A collaborative planning process to develop future scenarios for wastewater systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115202. [PMID: 35550956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater infrastructure has a long lifetime and is subject to changing conditions and demands. When plans are made to upgrade or build new infrastructure, transdisciplinary planning processes and a robust analysis of future conditions are needed to make sustainable choices. Here, we provide a stepwise collaborative planning process in which future scenarios are developed together with local stakeholders and expert groups. The process was implemented at one of the largest wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Scandinavia. With a combination of workshops and the use of a web-based digital tool, future scenarios including flows, pollutant loads, and treatment requirements could be created. Furthermore, sustainability prioritizations affecting the WWTP, were identified. The future scenarios developed for the WWTP in the case study, predict stricter and new regulations, constant or lower future loads and ambiguous future flows. The highest ranked sustainability priority was low resource and energy consumption together with low CO2 footprint. The quantified future scenarios developed in the planning process were used as input to a process model to show the consequences they would have on the WWTP in the case study. Applying this collaborative process revealed future scenarios with many, sometimes conflicting, expectations on future WWTPs. It also highlighted needs for improvements of both the collection system and the WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Neth
- Gryaab AB, Box 8984, 402 74, Göteborg, Sweden; Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Ann Mattsson
- Gryaab AB, Box 8984, 402 74, Göteborg, Sweden; Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - David I'Ons
- Gryaab AB, Box 8984, 402 74, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Arnell
- Unit of Urban Water Management, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Gjuterigatan 1D, SE-58273, Linköping, Sweden; Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Blom
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Göteborg, Sweden; City of Gothenburg, Department of Sustainable Waste and Water, Box 123, SE-424 23, Angered, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Göteborg, Sweden
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14
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Blending Irrigation Water Sources with Different Salinities and the Economic Damage of Salinity: The Case of Israel. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Israel’s water and vegetative agriculture sectors are interdependent, as the latter constitutes the solution for wastewater disposal. We employ a dynamic mathematical programming model that captures this interdependence for evaluating the economic damage of irrigation water salinity under two strategies of blending water sources with different salinities: field blending, which enables farmers to assign water with a specific salinity to each crop, and regional blending, under which all crops experience similar water salinity. Relative to field blending, the buildup rate of desalination under regional blending is slightly expedited; nevertheless, reallocations of water sources across sectors and crops increase the average irrigation water salinity, and the overall welfare decreases by USD 0.08 per cubic meter of irrigation water—about 20% of the water’s average value of marginal product. Salinity-sensitive crops will face the largest per hectare production reduction if regional blending replaces field blending; however, the combined variations in the prices of irrigation water and agricultural outputs may motivate farmers to move irrigation water to these crops. Under equilibrium conditions in the two sectors, a 1% increase in the average salinity of the irrigation water supplied to a region reduces the value of the marginal product of that water by 2.4% and 1.6% under field and regional blending, respectively.
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15
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Dos Santos CR, Lebron YAR, Moreira VR, Koch K, Amaral MCS. Biodegradability, environmental risk assessment and ecological footprint in wastewater technologies for pharmaceutically active compounds removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126150. [PMID: 34678454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) by wastewater treatment technologies due to the risk that these compounds pose to the environment. In this sense, advanced biological processes have been developed for micropollutants removal, such as membrane bioreactors and moving bed biofilm reactors. Thus, this review holistically evaluated the biodegradation of 18 environmentally hazardous PhACs. Biological processes were assessed including removal efficiencies, environmental risk, and ecological footprint (consumption of resources and energy, atmospheric emissions, and waste generation). The maximum concentration of PhACs for a low or negligible risk scenario in treated wastewater and the potential of biological processes to meet this goal were assessed. Among the evaluated PhACs, the most biodegradable was paracetamol, while the most recalcitrant was diclofenac. Combination of conventional processes and advanced biological processes proved to be the most efficient way to remove several PhACs, mainly the osmotic membrane bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Yuri Abner Rocha Lebron
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Rezende Moreira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 385748 Garching, Germany
| | - Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Nazarzadeh Zare E, Mudhoo A, Ali Khan M, Otero M, Bundhoo ZMA, Patel M, Srivastava A, Navarathna C, Mlsna T, Mohan D, Pittman CU, Makvandi P, Sillanpää M. Smart Adsorbents for Aquatic Environmental Remediation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007840. [PMID: 33899324 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A noticeable interest and steady rise in research studies reporting the design and assessment of smart adsorbents for sequestering aqueous metal ions and xenobiotics has occurred in the last decade. This motivates compiling and reviewing the characteristics, potentials, and performances of this new adsorbent generation's metal ion and xenobiotics sequestration. Herein, stimuli-responsive adsorbents that respond to its media (as internal triggers; e.g., pH and temperature) or external triggers (e.g., magnetic field and light) are highlighted. Readers are then introduced to selective adsorbents that selectively capture materials of interest. This is followed by a discussion of self-healing and self-cleaning adsorbents. Finally, the review ends with research gaps in material designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ackmez Mudhoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Moka, 80837, Mauritius
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marta Otero
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | | | - Manvendra Patel
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anju Srivastava
- Chemistry Department, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Chanaka Navarathna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Todd Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Charles U Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interface, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), NO. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., West High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, P.R. China
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied Physics, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
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17
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Ouda M, Kadadou D, Swaidan B, Al-Othman A, Al-Asheh S, Banat F, Hasan SW. Emerging contaminants in the water bodies of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142177. [PMID: 33254914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging contaminants (ECs) are not currently removed by conventional water treatment methods and consequently, often reach the aquatic environment. In the absence of proper management strategies, ECs can accumulate in water bodies, which poses potential environmental and health risks. This paper critically reviews, for the first time, the reported occurrence and treatment of ECs in the Middle Eastern and North Africa (MENA) region. The paper also provides recommendations to properly manage EC risks. In the MENA region, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been detected in surface water, seawater, groundwater, and wastewater treatment plants. A focus on surface water in the published literature suggests that studies are skewed towards worldwide trends, whereas studies on ECs in seawater are of great importance in the study region. The types of PPCPs detected in the MENA region vary, but anti-inflammatories and antibiotics dominate. In comparison, microplastics have mainly been studied in surface waters and seawater with much less focus on drinking water. The majority of microplastics in the region are secondary types resulting from the degradation of larger plastic debris; polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) fibers are the most frequently detected polymers, which are indicative of local anthropogenic sources. Research progress on ECs varies between countries, having received more attention in Iran and Tunisia. Most MENA countries have now begun monitoring water bodies for ECs; however, studies are still lacking in some countries including Sudan, Djibouti, Syria, Ethiopia, and Bahrain. Based on this review, critical knowledge gaps and research needs are identified. Countries in the MENA region require further research on a broader range of EC types. Overall, water pollution due to the use and release of ECs can be tackled by improving public awareness, public campaigns, government intervention, and advanced monitoring and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ouda
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana Kadadou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Balsam Swaidan
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amani Al-Othman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer Al-Asheh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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18
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Kózka B, Nałęcz-Jawecki G, Turło J, Giebułtowicz J. Application of Pleurotus ostreatus to efficient removal of selected antidepressants and immunosuppressant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 273:111131. [PMID: 32777642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disposed pharmaceuticals constitute a significant threat to the environment due to the high consumption of drugs and inefficient treatment of wastewater. In this paper, we first described the efficient removal of a series of antidepressants and immunosuppressant from a cultivation medium carried out by white-rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus. We determined the removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals and the activity of fungal ligninolytic enzymes over time, as well as the toxicity of pre- and post-cultivation medium to Spirostomum ambiguum. We showed that P. ostreatus can remove from the model medium most of the pharmaceuticals studied, including clomipramine, mianserin, paroxetine, sertraline, and mycophenolic acid. Pharmaceuticals containing phenolic or benzene moieties, likewise in the natural monolignols, were removed in a high efficiency within a short time. The activity of the fungal ligninolytic enzymes, laccase, and lignin peroxidase, in the cultivation medium, was three times higher in the presence of the pharmaceuticals, which justifies their contribution to the degradation. The post-cultivation medium showed lower toxicity than pre-cultivation medium and toxic units were 7- and 2-fold lower for the sublethal and lethal response, respectively. Over twenty metabolites we detected resulted mostly from oxygenation or demethylation of parent pharmaceuticals. The biological treatment we developed using P. ostreatus-based system should be convenient and effective in mycoremediation of environmental wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants including monolignol-like antidepressants and immunosuppressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kózka
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Turło
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland.
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland.
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19
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Advanced Wastewater Treatment to Eliminate Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Combination with Energy-Efficient Electrolysis at WWTP Mainz. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13143599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the Paris climate protection goals there is an urgent need for action in the energy sector. Innovative concepts in the fields of short-term flexibility, long-term energy storage and energy conversion are required to defossilize all sectors by 2040. Water management is already involved in this field with biogas production and power generation and partly with using flexibility options. However, further steps are possible. Additionally, from a water management perspective, the elimination of organic micropollutants (OMP) is increasingly important. In this feasibility study a concept is presented, reacting to energy surplus and deficits from the energy grid and thus providing the needed long-term storage in combination with the elimination of OMP in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The concept is based on the operation of an electrolyzer, driven by local power production on the plant (photovoltaic (PV), combined heat and power plant (CHP)-units) as well as renewable energy from the grid (to offer system service: automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR)), to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen is fed into the local gas grid and oxygen used for micropollutant removal via upgrading it to ozone. The feasibility of such a concept was examined for the WWTP in Mainz (Germany). It has been shown that despite partially unfavorable boundary conditions concerning renewable surplus energy in the grid, implementing electrolysis operated with regenerative energy in combination with micropollutant removal using ozonation and activated carbon filter is a reasonable and sustainable option for both, the climate and water protection.
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