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Huang WH, Huang CM, Lin CC, Yeh YL, Chen TC. ASSESSMENT OF DOSES FROM INGESTION OF RADIONUCLIDES 40 K, 137CS, 226RA AND 232TH IN EDIBLE COMMERCIAL MUSHROOMS FROM TAIWAN. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1557-1564. [PMID: 36259550 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed activity concentration and annual effective dose of radionuclides 40K, 137Cs, 226Ra and 232Th of 44 mushrooms collected from local markets in Taiwan. The 40K activity concentrations were 1570 ± 150 Bq/kg-dw (Agaricus bisporus) > 1084 ± 183 Bq/kg-dw (Flammulina velutipe) > 736 ± 150 Bq/kg-dw (Lentinula edodes). The activity concentrations of 226Ra were 5.04 ± 2.43, 4.00 ± 2.40 and 3.43 ± 2.69 Bq/kg-dw, and 232Th were 3.96 ± 2.18, 3.86 ± 1.43 and 2.90 ± 1.99 Bq/kg-dw for F. velutipe, L. edodes and A. bisporus, respectively. In seven of the 44 samples, 137Cs activity concentrations were detected, and the samples had an average of 1.55 ± 1.75 Bq/kg-dw. The total annual effective dose ranged from 0.90 to 3.50 μSv/y, with an average of 1.94 ± 0.62 μSv/y at an ingestion rate of 0.235 kg-dw/y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Yeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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Ong JX, Lee KM, Koh SP, Wu Y, Chan SH. A study on natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in farmed fish and shellfish in Singapore. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Huang WH, Lin CC, Liu YY, Huang CM, Yeh YL, Chen TC. Activity concentrations and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of natural radionuclides ( 40 K, 226Ra, and 232Th) from cultivated substrates to mushrooms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82512-82523. [PMID: 35752669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined 42 mushroom samples and corresponding cultivated substrates. The radionuclide activity concentrations and bioconcentration factor (BCF) from substrate-to-mushroom were determined. The substrate activity concentrations were 59.1-727.5, 4.5-37.6, and 4.0-53.0 Bq/kg dw (dry weight) for 40 K, 226Ra, and 232Th, respectively. The average 40 K concentrations were 1546.5, 1115.7, and 749.3 Bq/kg dw; the BCFs were 2.49, 3.56, and 5.58 for A. bisporus, F. velutipes, and L. edodes, respectively. The 40 K concentrations were insignificantly correlated with each species' corresponding substrate concentration. The 40 K BCFs had a significantly negative correlation with the substrate concentration for each species. Each mushroom species' 40 K concentration was almost stable, suggesting that 40 K has a regulated homeostasis for a given species. The average 226Ra concentrations were 5.5, 5.4, and 3.4 Bq/kg dw; the BCFs were 0.58, 0.17, and 0.50 for L. edodes, A. bisporus, and F. velutipes, respectively. The average 232Th concentrations were 4.7, 4.7, and 3.0 Bq/kg dw; the BCFs were 0.50, 0.11, and 0.53 for L. edodes, A. bisporus, and F. velutipes, respectively. The 226Ra and 232Th concentrations in mushrooms had a weak to moderate correlation with the cultivated substrate concentrations. The absorption of the 226Ra and 232Th from substrate-to-mushroom was similar to the hypothesis of the linear model that mushroom concentration yields a positive correlation with substrate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Yeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Huang WH, Huang CM, Chen TC, Liu YY, Lin CC, Yeh YL. Soil to tobacco component transfer factors for natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th and the risk assessment of tobacco leaf in smoking. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:737-745. [PMID: 35899392 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2105630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the activity concentrations and corresponding transfer factors (TF) of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th in three tobacco components (root, stem, and leaf). The radiation hazard index parameters were assessed for the tobacco leaf. The activity concentrations in the soil were 589-762, 32-43, and 49-59 Bq kg-dw-1 (dry weight) for 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th, respectively. The average activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th were 447, 5.41 and 5.69 Bq/kg-dw for the root, 670, 9.64 and 7.61 Bq kg-dw-1 for the stem, and 793, 6.79 and 6.15 Bq kg-dw-1 for the leaf, respectively. The TF values were 0.42-1.42, 0.10-0.49 and 0.06-0.23 for 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th, respectively. The stem and leaf 40K TF values were significantly higher than the root values. The stem 226Ra TF values were significantly higher than the root values. The 226Ra and 232Th activity concentrations and TFs of tobacco components had a significant positive correlation. Based on the activity concentrations of the tobacco leaves, the annual inhalation effective dose to the lungs for an adult smoker was 0.32-0.81 mSv y-1 (average 0.60 mSv y-1). The Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) caused by smoking was an average of 2.39 × 10-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Yeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Melgar MJ, García MÁ. Natural radioactivity and total K content in wild-growing or cultivated edible mushrooms and soils from Galicia (NW, Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52925-52935. [PMID: 34018117 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The radioactive isotope, 40K, of naturally occurring potassium (0.012%) is present in the Earth's crust in a low percentage of all potassium, leading to its presence in almost all foodstuffs. The impact of 40K activity concentrations was assessed in wild and cultivated edible mushrooms and in growing substrates. Samples were analysed by gamma spectroscopy. In the wild mushroom species, the average activity concentration of 40K was 1291 Bq kg-1 dry weight (dw), approximately 140 Bq kg-1 fresh weight (fw), with a range of average values per species from 748 in Lactarius deliciosus to 1848 Bq kg-1 dw in Tricholoma portentosum. The cultivated species presented an average value of 1086 Bq kg-1 dw; and the soils, compost of cultivation and wood of substrate are 876, 510 and 59.4 Bq kg-1 dw, respectively. The total K content reached a maximum of 59,935 mg kg-1 dw in T. portentosum. The transfer factors (TF > 1) suggested that mushrooms preferentially bioconcentrated 40K. Cantharellus cibarius, Craterellus tubaeformis, Hydnum repandum and T. portentosum by most TF could be considered as bioindicators of 40K. Taking into account that the annual radiation dose of 40K due to the average consumption of mushrooms analysed (0.15 μSv/year) is very low, it can be concluded that the consumption of these mushrooms does not represent a toxicological risk for human health. Finally, according to the total K content, from the nutritional point of view, these mushrooms could be considered as a potential source of potassium for the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Melgar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles García
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Gwenzi W, Tagwireyi C, Musiyiwa K, Chipurura B, Nyamangara J, Sanganyado E, Chaukura N. Occurrence, behavior, and human exposure and health risks of potentially toxic elements in edible mushrooms with focus on Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:302. [PMID: 33900454 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the occurrence, behavior, and fate of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the substrate-mushroom-human nexus is critical for assessing and mitigating their human health risks. In this review, we (1) summarized the nature, sources, and biogeochemical behavior of PTEs in the substrate-mushroom systems; (2) discussed the occurrence, exposure, and human health risks of PTEs in mushrooms with emphasis on African geological hotspots such as metalliferous and highly mineralized substrates; (3) developed a 10-step conceptual framework for identifying, assessing, and mitigating the human health risks of PTEs in mushrooms, and highlight future directions. High human exposure risks potentially exist in Africa due to the following: (1) widespread consumption of mushrooms from various metalliferrous and highly mineralized substrates such as serpentines and mine waste dumps, (2) inadequate and poorly enforced environmental health and food safety regulations and policies, (3) limited environmental and human health monitoring data, and (4) potential synergistic interactions among PTEs in mushrooms and human health stressors such as a high burden of human diseases and infections. Although the human health effects of individual PTEs are well known, scientific evidence linking human health risk to PTEs in mushrooms remains weak. A framework for risk assessment and mitigation, and future research directions are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Caroline Tagwireyi
- Formerly with Environmental Sciences Institute, Scientific & Industrial Research & Development Centre, Alpes Road/Technology Drive, Hatcliffe, P. O. Box 6640, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kumbirai Musiyiwa
- Department of Crop Science and Post-Harvest Technology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Private Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Batsirai Chipurura
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Family Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Justice Nyamangara
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Marondera University of Agricultural Science and Technology, P. O. Box 35,, Marondera, Zimbabwe
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa.
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Strumińska-Parulska D, Falandysz J. A Review of the Occurrence of Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides in Wild Mushrooms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8220. [PMID: 33172165 PMCID: PMC7664405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-emitting radioisotopes are the most toxic among all radionuclides. In particular, medium to long-lived isotopes of the heavier metals are of the greatest concern to human health and radiological safety. This review focuses on the most common alpha-emitting radionuclides of natural and anthropogenic origin in wild mushrooms from around the world. Mushrooms bio-accumulate a range of mineral ionic constituents and radioactive elements to different extents, and are therefore considered as suitable bio-indicators of environmental pollution. The available literature indicates that the natural radionuclide 210Po is accumulated at the highest levels (up to 22 kBq/kg dry weight (dw) in wild mushrooms from Finland), while among synthetic nuclides, the highest levels of up to 53.8 Bq/kg dw of 239+240Pu were reported in Ukrainian mushrooms. The capacity to retain the activity of individual nuclides varies between mushrooms, which is of particular interest for edible species that are consumed either locally or, in some cases, also traded on an international scale. The effective radiation dose from the ingestion of this food can reportedly range from 0.033 µSv/kg dw to 26.8 mSv/kg and varies depending on the country. Following pollution events, such consumption may expose consumers to highly radiotoxic decay particles produced by alpha emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Strumińska-Parulska
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
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8
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The presence of radioactive and metal contaminants in wild mushrooms grown in Chattogram hill tracts, Bangladesh. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Türkekul İ, Yeşilkanat CM, Ciriş A, Kölemen U, Çevik U. Interpolated mapping and investigation of environmental radioactivity levels in soils and mushrooms in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2018; 54:262-273. [PMID: 29169290 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1402768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of natural (238U, 232Th, and 40K) and artificial (137Cs) radionuclides was determined in 50 samples (obtained from the same station) from various species of mushrooms and soil collected from the Middle Black Sea Region (Turkey). The activities of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs were found as 84 ± 16, 45 ± 14, 570 ± 28, and 64 ± 6 Bq kg-1 (dry weight), respectively, in the mushroom samples and as 51 ± 6, 41 ± 6, 201 ± 11, and 44 ± 4 Bq kg-1, respectively, in the soil samples for the entire area of study. The results of all radionuclide activity measurements, except those of 238U and 232Th in the mushroom samples, are consistent with previous studies. In the soil samples, the mean values of 238U and 232Th are above the world mean, and the activity mean of 40K is below the world mean. Finally, the activity estimation was made with both the soil and mushroom samples for unmeasured points within the study area by using the ordinary kriging method. Radiological distribution maps were generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Türkekul
- a Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | | | - Ali Ciriş
- c Faculty of Science, Department of Physics , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Uğur Kölemen
- d Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
- e Faculty of Arts and Sciences , Giresun University , Giresun , Turkey
| | - Uğur Çevik
- c Faculty of Science, Department of Physics , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
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Tuo F, Zhang J, Li W, Yao S, Zhou Q, Li Z. Radionuclides in mushrooms and soil-to-mushroom transfer factors in certain areas of China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 180:59-64. [PMID: 29031101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra, 137Cs and 40K in 64 mushroom samples collected in China from Yunnan, Fujian and Heilongjiang Provinces, were measured. Gamma-ray emissions were determined by using high-purity germanium (HPGe) γ spectrometry. The range of concentrations (Bq kg-1 dry weight) for 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra, 137Cs and 40K in all investigated mushroom samples were from 0.12 to 12, 0.05 to 7.5, 0.14 to 14, MDC(<0.01) to 339, and 396 to 1880, respectively. Activity concentrations of 137Cs in mushrooms showed some variation between species sampled at the same site. To calculate soil to mushroom transfer factors, levels of radionuclide in 15 paired soil samples and mushrooms were also investigated. The median transfer factors for 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra, 137Cs and 40K were 8.32 × 10-2, 3.03 × 10-2, 6.69 × 10-2, 0.40 and 1.19, respectively. The results were compared with values of other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Shuaimo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Zeshu Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
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Chatterjee S, Sarma MK, Deb U, Steinhauser G, Walther C, Gupta DK. Mushrooms: from nutrition to mycoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19480-19493. [PMID: 28770504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are well known as important food items. The uses of mushrooms in the cuisine are manifolds and are being utilized for thousands of years in both Oriental and Occidental cultures. Medicinal properties of mushrooms show an immense potential as drugs for the treatment of various diseases as they are rich in a great variety of phytochemicals. In this review, we attempted to encompass the recent knowledge and scientific advancement about mushrooms and their utilization as food or curative properties, along with their natural ability to accumulate (heavy) metals/radionuclides, which leads to an important aspect of bioremediation. However, accumulation of heavy metals and radionuclides from natural or anthropogenic sources also involves potential nutritional hazards upon consumption. These hazards have been pointed out in this review incorporating a selection of the most recently published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Chatterjee
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag No. 02, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Mukul K Sarma
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag No. 02, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Utsab Deb
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag No. 02, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Georg Steinhauser
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Clemens Walther
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dharmendra K Gupta
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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Čadová M, Havránková R, Havránek J, Zölzer F. Radioactivity in mushrooms from selected locations in the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2017; 56:167-175. [PMID: 28258385 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
137Cs is one of the most important radionuclides released in the course of atmospheric nuclear weapon tests and during accidents in nuclear power plants such as that in Chernobyl, Ukraine, or Fukushima, Japan. The aim of this study was to compare 137Cs and 40K concentrations in particular species of mushrooms from selected locations in the Bohemian Forest (Czech: Šumava), Czech Republic, where a considerable contamination from the Chernobyl accident had been measured in 1986. Samples were collected between June and October 2014. Activities of 137Cs and 40K per dry mass were measured by means of a semiconductor gamma spectrometer. The 137Cs values measured range from below detection limit to 4300 ± 20 Bq kg-1, in the case of 40K from 910 ± 80 to 4300 ± 230 Bq kg-1. Differences were found between individual locations, due to uneven precipitation in the course of the movement of the radioactive cloud after the Chernobyl accident. There are, however, also differences between individual species of mushrooms from identical locations, which inter alia result from different characteristics of the soil and depths of mycelia. The values measured are compared with established limits and exposures from other radiation sources present in the environment. In general, it can be stated that the values measured are relatively low and the effects on the health of the population are negligible compared to other sources of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Čadová
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, J. Boreckého 1167/27, 370 11, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Havránková
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, J. Boreckého 1167/27, 370 11, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Havránek
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, J. Boreckého 1167/27, 370 11, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Friedo Zölzer
- Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, J. Boreckého 1167/27, 370 11, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Walencik-Łata A, Kozłowska B, Mietelski JW, Szufa K, Freire FD, Souza SO. The study of natural and artificial radionuclides incorporation in teeth and head bones of animals lived nearby Caetité uranium mine, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 162-163:39-44. [PMID: 27214286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at assessing the incorporation of radionuclides in animals in the proximity of the uranium mine in Caetité, Brazil. In 2014, samples of bovine and equine teeth and skull bones were collected and their contents of natural and artificial isotopes were assessed using nuclear spectrometry techniques. Gamma ray emission from 226,228Ra and 40K isotopes was determined using high-purity germanium (HPGe) spectrometry, 90Sr radioactivity was measured with liquid scintillation, and 234,238U, 232,230,228Th, 210Po and 239+240Pu radioactivity was assessed with alpha-spectrometry. Prior to the measurements, sample dissolutions and isotope separations were performed. Our results indicate a high 228Th isotope content in the skull bones and the teeth of animals, up to 179 Bq per kg of ash. The 226Ra and 228Ra concentrations were slightly lower. Activity concentrations of other isotopes were significantly lower or below the detection limit. We could not identify sources of technologically enhanced levels of 228Ra in the area we investigated; therefore we suggest that their origin is natural.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Walencik-Łata
- University of Silesia, Institute of Physics, Department of Nuclear Physics and Its Applications, Uniwersytecka 4 St., 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - B Kozłowska
- University of Silesia, Institute of Physics, Department of Nuclear Physics and Its Applications, Uniwersytecka 4 St., 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - J W Mietelski
- The H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - K Szufa
- The H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - F D Freire
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - S O Souza
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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14
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Kioupi V, Florou H, Kapsanaki-Gotsi E, Gonou-Zagou Z. Bioaccumulation of the artificial Cs-137 and the natural radionuclides Th-234, Ra-226, and K-40 in the fruit bodies of Basidiomycetes in Greece. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:613-24. [PMID: 26330322 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of artificial Cs-137 and natural radionuclides Th-234, Ra-226, and K-40 by Basidiomycetes of several species is studied and evaluated in relation to their substratum soils. For this reason, 32 fungal samples, representing 30 species of Basidiomycetes, were collected along with their substratum soil samples, from six selected sampling areas in Greece. The fungal fruit bodies and the soil samples were properly treated and the activity concentrations of the studied radionuclides were measured by gamma spectroscopy. The measured radioactivity levels ranged as follows: Cs-137 from <0.1 to 87.2 ± 0.4 Bq kg(-1) fresh weight (F.W.), Th-234 from <0.5 ± 0.9 to 28.3 ± 25.5 Bq kg(-1) F.W., Ra-226 from <0.3 to 1.0 ± 0.5 Bq kg(-1) F.W., and K-40 from 56.4 ± 3.0 to 759.0 ± 28.3 Bq kg(-1) F.W. The analysis of the results supported that the bioaccumulation of the studied natural radionuclides and Cs-137 is dependent on the species and the functional group of the fungi. Fungi were found to accumulate Th-234 and not U-238. What is more, potential bioindicators for each radionuclide among the 32 species studied could be suggested for each habitat, based on their estimated concentration ratios (CRs). The calculation of the CRs' mean values for each radionuclide revealed a rank in decreasing order for all the species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Kioupi
- Department of Ecology & Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, 15784, Athens, Greece.
| | - Heleny Florou
- Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, 15310, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelia Kapsanaki-Gotsi
- Department of Ecology & Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, 15784, Athens, Greece.
| | - Zacharoula Gonou-Zagou
- Department of Ecology & Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli, 15784, Athens, Greece.
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15
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García MA, Alonso J, Melgar MJ. Radiocaesium activity concentrations in macrofungi from Galicia (NW Spain): Influence of environmental and genetic factors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:152-158. [PMID: 25700093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiocaesium ((137)Cs) is an artificial radionuclide that can be captured from the soil through the mycelium of fungi. However, in Spain there are few data on its presence in edible mushrooms. (137)Cs activity concentrations were determined using 54 samples of wild and cultivated mushrooms and 18 samples of soil, all of them collected in Galicia (NW Spain) during 2010. Samples were analyzed by gamma spectroscopy with a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentration of (137)Cs in wild mushrooms was 249.2Bqkg(-1) dry weight (dw) and about 24.9Bqkg(-1) fresh weight (fw). Genetic factors (species) influenced the uptake of (137)Cs, highlighting Hydnum repandum as the greatest accumulator of all wild species (1016.4Bqkg(-1) dw), while cultivated species showed much lower levels (1.6Bqkg(-1) fw). Accumulation was also favored by fungal mycorrhizal ecology, whose mycelium was distributed in contaminated soil horizons. The mean levels detected in soils were 14Bqkg(-1) fw. Although some species behaved as bioexclusors of radiocaesium, the transfer factors (TF) suggest that mushrooms preferentially bioaccumulate (137)Cs. No sample reached the limit of 600Bqkg(-1) fw (about 6000Bqkg(-1) dw) indicated in the European legislation. In conclusion, the consumption of mushrooms harvested from the investigated areas poses no toxicological risk to human health due to radiocaesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science. University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science. University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Centro Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Lugo (CETAL), 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M J Melgar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science. University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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16
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Radioactivity in mushrooms: A health hazard? Food Chem 2014; 154:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Falandysz J, Borovička J. Macro and trace mineral constituents and radionuclides in mushrooms: health benefits and risks. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:477-501. [PMID: 23179616 PMCID: PMC3546300 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews and updates data on macro and trace elements and radionuclides in edible wild-grown and cultivated mushrooms. A huge biodiversity of mushrooms and spread of certain species over different continents makes the study on their multi-element constituents highly challenging. A few edible mushrooms are widely cultivated and efforts are on to employ them (largely Agaricus spp., Pleurotus spp., and Lentinula edodes) in the production of selenium-enriched food (mushrooms) or nutraceuticals (by using mycelia) and less on species used by traditional medicine, e.g., Ganoderma lucidum. There are also attempts to enrich mushrooms with other elements than Se and a good example is enrichment with lithium. Since minerals of nutritional value are common constituents of mushrooms collected from natural habitats, the problem is however their co-occurrence with some hazardous elements including Cd, Pb, Hg, Ag, As, and radionuclides. Discussed is also the problem of erroneous data on mineral compounds determined in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences & Public Health, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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18
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Falandysz J, Borovička J. Macro and trace mineral constituents and radionuclides in mushrooms: health benefits and risks. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013. [PMID: 23179616 DOI: 10.1007/s00253012-4552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews and updates data on macro and trace elements and radionuclides in edible wild-grown and cultivated mushrooms. A huge biodiversity of mushrooms and spread of certain species over different continents makes the study on their multi-element constituents highly challenging. A few edible mushrooms are widely cultivated and efforts are on to employ them (largely Agaricus spp., Pleurotus spp., and Lentinula edodes) in the production of selenium-enriched food (mushrooms) or nutraceuticals (by using mycelia) and less on species used by traditional medicine, e.g., Ganoderma lucidum. There are also attempts to enrich mushrooms with other elements than Se and a good example is enrichment with lithium. Since minerals of nutritional value are common constituents of mushrooms collected from natural habitats, the problem is however their co-occurrence with some hazardous elements including Cd, Pb, Hg, Ag, As, and radionuclides. Discussed is also the problem of erroneous data on mineral compounds determined in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences & Public Health, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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