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Yağmuroğlu O. Development of UV-Vis spectroscopy-based analysis method for determination of tin(IV) in epilobium parviflorum (hoary willowherb) tea using deep eutectic solvent based preconcentration. Food Chem 2024; 447:139036. [PMID: 38518615 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a UV-Vis Spectroscopy-based method was developed for the determination of tin(IV) in epilobium parviflorum tea samples after preconcentration. The preconcentration process was carried out using the liquid-liquid microextraction technique. Before starting the analysis, optimization studies were carried out for the variables likely to affect the experimental results. As a result of the analyzes performed under optimum conditions, the detection limit of our method was calculated as 16.83 μg/L. The percent relative standard deviation value was calculated as 1.25% (n = 8) and linearity was found in the range of 10-1000 μg/L. Recovery experiments were performed on epilobium parviflorum tea samples using the matrix matching method. As a result of the analyzes made on teas belonging to three different brands, recovery results ranging from 92 to 117% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Yağmuroğlu
- National Defence University, Air Force Academy, Department of Chemistry, 34149 İstanbul, Türkiye.
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Rubegeta E, Makolo F, Kamatou G, Enslin G, Chaudhary S, Sandasi M, Cunningham AB, Viljoen A. The African cherry: A review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116004. [PMID: 36535336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae), commonly known as "Pygeum" or "African cherry", occurs in mainland montane forests scattered across sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and some surrounding islands. Traditionally, decoctions of the stem-bark are taken orally for the treatment of a wide variety of conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), stomach ache, chest pain, malaria, heart conditions, and gonorrhoea, as well as urinary and kidney diseases. The timber is used to make axe handles and for other household needs. The dense wood is also sawn for timber. AIM The fragmented information available on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activities of the medicinally important P. africana was collated, organised, and analysed in this review, to highlight knowledge voids that can be addressed through future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bibliometric analysis of research output on P. africana was conducted on literature retrieved, using the Scopus® database. The trend in the publications over time was assessed and a network analysis of collaborations between countries and authors was carried out. Furthermore, a detailed review of the literature over the period 1971 to 2021, acquired through Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Pubmed, Scirp, DOAJ and Google Scholar, was conducted. All relevant abstracts, full-text articles and various book chapters on the botanical and ethnopharmacological aspects of P. africana, written in English and German, were consulted. RESULTS A total of 455 documents published from 1971 to 2021, were retrieved using the Scopus search. Analysis of the data showed that the majority of these documents were original research articles, followed by reviews and lastly a miscellaneous group comprising conference papers, book chapters, short surveys, editorials and letters. Data were analysed for annual output and areas of intense research focus, and countries with high research output, productive institutions and authors, and collaborative networks were identified. Prunus africana is reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, antiviral, antimutagenic, anti-asthmatic, anti-androgenic, antiproliferative and apoptotic activities amongst others. Phytosterols and other secondary metabolites such as phenols, triterpenes, fatty acids, and linear alcohols have been the focus of phytochemical investigations. The biological activity has largely been ascribed to the phytosterols (mainly 3-β-sitosterol, 3-β-sitostenone, and 3-β-sitosterol-glucoside), which inhibit the production of prostaglandins in the prostate, thereby suppressing the inflammatory symptoms associated with BPH and chronic prostatitis. CONCLUSIONS Many of the ethnobotanical assertions for the biological activity of P. africana have been confirmed through in vitro and in vivo studies. However, a disparity exists between the biological activity of the whole extract and that of single compounds isolated from the extract, which were reported to be less effective. This finding suggests that a different approach to biological activity studies should be encouraged that takes all secondary metabolites present into consideration. A robust technique, such as multivariate biochemometric data analysis, which allows for a holistic intervention to study the biological activity of a species is suggested. Furthermore, there is a need to develop rapid and efficient quality control methods for both raw materials and products to replace the time-consuming and laborious methods currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Rubegeta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Felix Makolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Guy Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Gill Enslin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Sushil Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Maxleene Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Anthony B Cunningham
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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Plants of Commercial Importance in Lesotho: Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Insights. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several plants have been processed in Lesotho to manufacture various commercial prodcts, ranging from cosmetics and beverages (juice, tea) to traditional herbal mixtures and crafts. Even though plants of commercial importance have been documented in different regions and countries, this is not the case in Lesotho. Therefore, the aim of the study is to record plant species commonly used in the country for development of commercial products. A physical survey was undertaken in different places in the Maseru District of Lesotho between January 2019 and October 2021, taking a record of existing commercial products and identifying plants used in their development. A total of 15 plants of commercial importance in the country are recorded in the current study, namely Agave americana, Aloe ferox, Artemisia afra, Cannabis sativa, Helichrysum odoratissimum, Hemannia depressa, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Leudeboria cooperi, Mentha spp., Merxmuellera spp., Pelargonium sidoides, Opuntia ficus-indica, Rosa rubiginosa and Urtica urens. Most of the plants are used for production of commercial products in the country, whereas some are exported as raw materials, mainly to countries such as Germany, South Africa, Australia and America. The latter are C. sativa, Merxmuellera spp., P. sidoides and R. rubiginosa. Profiling of the plants provides important information about their commercial potential. However, conservation of the plants is encouraged to ensure their sustainable utilisation.
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Protective Effects of PollenAid Plus Soft Gel Capsules’ Hydroalcoholic Extract in Isolated Prostates and Ovaries Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196279. [PMID: 36234818 PMCID: PMC9570715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen extract represents an innovative approach for the management of the clinical symptoms related to prostatitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In this context, the aims of the present work were to analyze the phenolic composition of a hydroalcoholic extract of PollenAid Plus soft gel capsules, and to evaluate the extract’s cytotoxic effects, in human prostate cancer PC3 cells and human ovary cancer OVCAR-3 cells. Additionally, protective effects were investigated in isolated prostate and ovary specimens exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The phytochemical investigation identified catechin, chlorogenic acid, gentisic acid, and 3-hydroxytyrosol as the prominent phenolics. The extract did not exert a relevant cytotoxic effect on PC3 and OVCAR-3 cells. However, the extract showed a dose-dependent inhibition of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in prostate and ovary specimens, and the extract was effective in preventing the LPS-induced upregulation of CAT and SOD gene expression, which are deeply involved in tissue antioxidant defense systems. Finally, a docking approach suggested the capability of catechin and chlorogenic acid to interact with the TRPV1 receptor, playing a master role in prostate inflammation. Overall, the present findings demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of this formulation; thus, suggesting its capability in the management of the clinical symptoms related to prostatitis and PID.
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Zulfiqar F, Pandey P, Tripathi SK, Ali Z, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Benzoylcyclopropane Derivatives from Hypoxis hemerocallidea Corms. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:685-692. [PMID: 34331304 DOI: 10.1055/a-1540-4978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two monobenzoylcyclopropane (hypoxhemerol A (1: ) and hypoxhemeroloside G (2: )) and three dibenzoylcyclopropane (hypoxhemerol B (3: ), hypoxhemeroloside H (4: ), and hypoxhemeroloside I (5: )) derivatives were isolated from the hydro-alcoholic extract of Hypoxis hemerocallidea corms. This is the first instance where benzoylcyclopropane analogs were isolated from any natural source. Structure elucidation was mainly based on 1D- and 2D-NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configuration (2R, 4R) of 1: was determined via NOESY NMR and experimental and calculated ECD data analyses. Compounds 1: -5: and 11 recently reported metabolites (hypoxoside, obtuside A, interjectin, acuminoside, curcapicycloside, and hypoxhemerolosides A - F) were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains. Curcapicycloside and acuminoside exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with 78 and 79% inhibition at 20 µg/mL, respectively. Hypoxhemeroloside A showed mild antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans with 63% inhibition at 20 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila Zulfiqar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Siddharth K Tripathi
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Abbasi-Karin S, Karimzadeh G, Mohammadi-Bazargani M. Interspecific Chromosomal and Genome Size Variations in <i>In Vitro</i> Propagated Willow Herb (<i>Epilobium</i> spp.) Medicinal Plant. CYTOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.87.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Abbasi-Karin
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University
| | - Ghasem Karimzadeh
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University
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Characterization and Toxicity of Hypoxoside Capped Silver Nanoparticles. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081037. [PMID: 35448764 PMCID: PMC9033108 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The reducing potential of plant extracts in the green synthesis of nanoparticles has been associated with their phytochemicals. Although pharmacologically inactive, a norlignan diglucoside “hypoxoside” (HP) occurs in large quantities in the extract of Hypoxis hemerocallidea (HE). In this work, HP was isolated from HE where both were used in the biosynthesis of the corresponding silver nanoparticles (HP-AgNPs and HE-AgNPs). The AgNPs were fully characterized using various physicochemical techniques and their antimicrobial and anticancer properties were evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed sizes of 24.3 ± 4 nm for the HE-AgNPs and 3.9 ± 1.6 nm for the HP-AgNPs. The HE-AgNPs demonstrated enhanced anti-bactericidal effects on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.95 µg/mL, competing well with the standard drug. The cytotoxic activity showed that the HE-AgNPs reduced cell viability with an IC50 of 0.81 and 4.0 µg/mL, respectively, for the U87 and U251 cells, while the HP-AgNPs displayed 0.20 and 0.55 µg/mL for both cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, while the HE-AgNPs were selective to U87 alone, the HP-AgNPs were selective to both glioblastoma cells tested. The study demonstrated the ability of a single phytoconstituent (hypoxoside), not only as the chief bioreductant in the extract, but also as a standalone reducing and capping agent, producing ultra-small, spherical, and monodispersed AgNPs with enhanced biological properties.
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Brendler T, Abdel-Tawab M. Buchu (Agathosma betulina and A. crenulata): Rightfully Forgotten or Underutilized? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:813142. [PMID: 35197854 PMCID: PMC8859318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.813142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, the term buchu refers to the two species in commerce, Agathosma betulina (P.J.Bergius) Pillans and Agathosma crenulata (L.) Pillans (Rutaceae). Its traditional use in urinary tract infections and related ailments made it a popular remedy, specifically in the US, in 19th century, but with the advent of antibiotics it became largely obsolete. Recent focus is on technological use and on the essential oil for use in the perfume and food-flavouring industry. A review of the scarce pharmacological research revealed moderate antimicrobial activity for a leaf extract but not the essential oil of both species in the MIC assay. In the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) assay the essential oil of both species revealed IC50 values of 50.37 ± 1.87 μg/ml and 59.15 ± 7.44 μg/ml, respectively. In another study 98% inhibitory activity was determined for 250 μg/ml of an ethanolic extract of A. betulina on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and a 25% inhibitory activity on COX-2. Analgesic activity of an ethanolic extract of A. betulina was shown in mice. Moderate antioxidant activity was determined for methanol:dichlormethane extracts of A. betulina and A. crenulata and an aqueous extract of A. betulina showed a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 11.8 µM Trolox. Recent in vitro studies with a commercial aqueous extract of buchu revealed increased uptake of glucose added to 3T3-L1 cell line, significant inhibition of the respiratory burst of neutrophils and monocytes, reduction in the expression of adhesion molecules and inhibition of the release of IL-6 and TNF-α. In diabetic rats the ingestion of aqueous buchu extract completely normalized the glucose level and in rats receiving a high fat diet the consumption of aqueous buchu extract resulted in less weight gain and less intraperitoneal fat gain as well as reduction of elevated blood pressure to normal associated with cardioprotective effects. Limitations in the hitherto conducted research lie in the undisclosed composition of the buchu extracts used and the difficulty in extrapolating data from animal studies to humans. Health claims for buchu products need to be substantiated by randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled studies. Only then can they be promoted for their true therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brendler
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Plantaphile, Collingswood, NJ, United States
- Traditional Medicinals Inc., Rohnert Park, CA, United States
| | - Mona Abdel-Tawab
- Central Laboratory of German Pharmacists, Eschborn, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mona Abdel-Tawab,
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Radioimaging in the Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of the Vegetable Extract Obtained from Epilobium Parviflorum Schreb. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12030998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
For years, apical microleakage has been considered the main factor in endodontic failure therapy. Sealing abilities and antibacterial properties of root canal sealers and intracanal medicaments between appointments have been recognized as important factors for the success of endodontic treatment. Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease around the apex of a tooth root. The microorganisms reach the pulp by dentinal tubules especially when there is an open cavity after a coronal fracture and the pulp is in contact with the septic oral environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of healing by recording periapical index (PAI), after two appointment endodontic procedure with commercial or experimental intracanal medicament. Methods: A total of 40 patients with primary chronic apical periodontitis requiring root canal treatment were assigned randomly into four groups according to the teeth medicated with dehydrated plant extract, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide mixed with chlorhexidine (CHX) gel 2%, Walkhoff paste and obturated on a second visit, 7 days later. Patients were recalled at intervals of 3, 6, and 12 months to evaluate the treated teeth both clinically and radiographically for periapical healing. A 5-score scale PAI was used to evaluate stages of the periapical healing on a periapical radiography using a Kodak Dental imaging software provided by the radio-imagistic center. Results: Radiological evaluation revealed that the experimental intracanal medicament had a cumulative positive healing capacity by reducing the PAI as well as all resorbable pastes used in endodontic conventional therapy. Conclusions: The results suggest that the vegetable dry extract obtained from Epilobium parviflorum Schreb can be used as an inter-appointment medication among with the root canal filling for the positive effect on apical healing quantified by reducing the PAI.
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Choi YJ, Fan M, Tang Y, Moon S, Lee SH, Lee B, Bae SM, Lee SM, Kim EK. Ameliorative effect of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai on benign prostatic hyperplasia in vitro and in vivo. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:419-434. [PMID: 35919286 PMCID: PMC9314191 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.4.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common prostate disease and one of the most common chronic diseases caused by aging in men. On the other hand, there has been no research on BPH using Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (A. distichum). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of A. distichum on BPH. MATERIALS/METHODS A. distichum leaves were extracted with distilled water, 70% ethanol, and 95% hexane as solvents. Subsequently, the inhibitory effects of each A. distichum extract on androgen receptor (AR) signaling were evaluated in vitro. The testosterone-induced BPH model was then used to confirm the efficacy of A. distichum leaves in 70% ethanol extract (ADLE). RESULTS ADLE had the strongest inhibitory effect on AR signaling. A comparison of the activity of ADLE by harvest time showed that the leaves of A. distichum harvested in autumn had a superior inhibitory effect on AR signaling to those harvested at other times. In the BPH rat model, the administration of ADLE reduced the prostate size and prostate epithelial cell thickness significantly and inhibited AR signaling. Subsequently, the administration of ADLE also reduced the expression of growth factors, thereby inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS An analysis of the efficacy of ADLE to relieve BPH showed that the ethanol extract grown in autumn exhibited the highest inhibitory ability of the androgen-signaling related factors in vitro. ADLE also inhibited the expression of growth factors by inhibiting the expression of the androgen-signaling related factors in vivo. Overall, ADLE is proposed as a functional food that is effective in preventing BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Center for Silver-targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Meiqi Fan
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Yujiao Tang
- School of Bio-Science and Food Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130600, China
| | - Sangho Moon
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Bokyung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Center for Silver-targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Sung Mun Bae
- Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jinju 52733, Korea
| | - Sang Moo Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Center for Silver-targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
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Shawky EM, Elgindi MR, Ibrahim HA, Baky MH. The potential and outgoing trends in traditional, phytochemical, economical, and ethnopharmacological importance of family Onagraceae: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114450. [PMID: 34314807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Onagraceae is a widely distributed family of flowering plants comprises about 17 genera and more than 650 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. Onagraceae also common as willowherb family or evening primrose family is divided into two subfamilies; Ludwigioideae (mainly genus; Ludwigia) and Onagroideae. Family Onagraceae is characterized by its numerous traditional uses as treatment of hormonal imbalances, urinary system ailments, prostate health maintenance, and antimicrobial effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to introduce a holistic overview on the phytochemical composition, economical importance and ethnopharmacological value of different species of family Onagraceae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review was performed using different data bases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Reaxys searching for articles focused on phytochemical composition, bioactivity and ethnopharmacological history of Onagraceae species. RESULTS Different species of Onagraceae were reported to have a great variety of phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, saponins, and volatile/fixed oils. Onagraceae exhibited several health benefits and pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic and analgesic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial. CONCLUSIONS Family Onagraceae is an extremely important family with diverse phytochemical composition which enriches their pharmacological importance and hence it's commercial and economical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas M Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University. Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elgindi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haitham A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Baky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University. Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
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Karakaya S, Süntar I, Yakinci OF, Sytar O, Ceribasi S, Dursunoglu B, Ozbek H, Guvenalp Z. In vivo bioactivity assessment on Epilobium species: A particular focus on Epilobium angustifolium and its components on enzymes connected with the healing process. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113207. [PMID: 32730870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epilobium species are generally known as "Yakı Otu" in Turkey, which mens "plaster herb" in English. Young shoots of Epilobium angustifolium L., Epilobium stevenii Boiss., and Epilobium hirsutum L. are consumed as salad or meal. These species have been used as a poultice for the treatment of mouth wounds in traditional medicine. An ointment prepared from leaves is used for skin disorders in children. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to evaluate the ethnopharmacological use of Epilobium angustifolium, E. stevenii, and E. hirsutum by using in vivo and in vitro experimental models, and to identify the active wound-healer compound(s) and to explain the probable mechanism of the wound-healing activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Evaluation of wound healing effects of plant extracts was performed in rats and mice by linear incision and circular excision wound models. Determination of total phenolic constituents and antioxidant capacities, which are known to promote the wound healing process, were carried out through Folin-Ciocalteau method and 2,2 Diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay as well as determination of total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) on the treated tissues. The active ethyl acetate (EtOAc) sub-extract of E. angustifolium was fractionated by different chromatographic separation techniques. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated via detailed analyzes (NMR and LC/MS). In addition, in vitro collagenase, hyaluronidase, and elastase enzymes inhibitory activity tests were performed on the isolated compounds to discover the activation pathways of the samples. RESULTS Among the methanol (MeOH) extracts, E. angustifolium had the highest wound healing activity. Among the sub-extracts, EtOAc showed the highest wound healing activity. Thus, EtOAc sub-extract was subjected to chromatography to isolate the active compounds. Five known flavonoids namely hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside) (1), kaempferol (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamno pyranoside (3), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamno pyranoside (4), and quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabino pyranoside (5) were isolated from the EtOAc sub-extract of E. angustifolium. In vitro tests showed that hyperoside could be the compound responsible for the wound-healing activity by its significant anti-hyaluronidase, anti-collagenase, and antioxidant activities. CONCLUSION The EtOAc sub-extract of the aerial part of Epilobium angustifolium displayed remarkable wound-healing activity with anti-hyaluronidase, anti-collagenase, and antioxidant activities. Hyperoside was detected as the primary active compound of the aerial parts. According to the results, we suggest that EtOAc sub-extract of E. angustifolium and hyperoside may be a potent nominee to be used for the improvement of a wound-healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songul Karakaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ipek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Omer Faruk Yakinci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; National Poison Information Service, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Kiev National University of Taras Shevchenko, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Songul Ceribasi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - Benan Dursunoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hilal Ozbek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Guvenalp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Angelini P, Venanzoni R, Angeles Flores G, Brunetti L, Petrucci M, Politi M, Menghini L, Leone S, Recinella L, Zengin G, Ak G, Di Mascio M, Bacchin F, Orlando G. Phenolic Content and Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Solidago virga-aurea, Phyllanthus niruri, Epilobium angustifolium, Peumus boldus, and Ononis spinosa Extracts. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110783. [PMID: 33172081 PMCID: PMC7694769 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostatitis is an inflammatory condition that is related to multiple infectious agents, including bacteria and fungi. Traditional herbal extracts proved efficacious in controlling clinical symptoms associated with prostatitis. In this context, the aim of the present study was to explore the efficacy of extracts from Solidago virga-aurea, Ononis spinosa, Peumus boldus, Epilobium angustifolium, and Phyllanthus niruri against bacterial (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and fungi strains (Candida albicans; C. tropicalis) involved in prostatitis. Additionally, anti-mycotic effects were tested against multiple species of dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, T. tonsurans, T. erinacei, Arthroderma crocatum, A. quadrifidum, A. gypseum, A. currey, and A. insingulare). Antioxidant effects were also evaluated in isolated rat prostates challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and phytochemical analyses were conducted to identify and quantify selected phenolic compounds, in the extracts. Finally, a bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict putative human and microbial enzymes targeted by extracts’ phytocompounds and underlying the observed bio-pharmacological effects. The phytochemical analysis highlighted that rutin levels could be crucial for explaining the highest antibacterial activity of P. boldus extract, especially against E. coli and B. cereus. On the other hand, in the E. angustifolium extract, catechin concentration could partially explain the highest efficacy of this extract in reducing lipid peroxidation, in isolated rat prostates stimulated with LPS. Concluding, the results of the present study showed moderate antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects induced by water extracts of S. virga-aurea, P. boldus, E. angustifolium, P. niruri, and O. spinosa that could be related, at least partially, to the phenolic composition of the phytocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (R.V.); (G.A.F.)
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (R.V.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Giancarlo Angeles Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (R.V.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | | | - Matteo Politi
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk Universtiy, Campus, Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk Universtiy, Campus, Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Massimo Di Mascio
- Veridia Italia Srl, via Raiale 285, 65100 Pescara, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesco Bacchin
- Veridia Italia Srl, via Raiale 285, 65100 Pescara, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
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Egil AC, Ozdemir B, Gok B, Kecel-Gunduz S, Budama-Kilinc Y. Synthesis, characterization, biological activities and molecular docking of Epilobium parviflorum aqueous extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:947-957. [PMID: 32544580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epilobium is a medicinal plant; its extracts are widely used traditional medicine due to their broad range of pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Its most prominent feature is its therapeutic effects on prostatic diseases. The aim of this study is preparation of controlled release system of Epilobium parviflorum, and determination of its potential of anticancer applications. For this purpose, Epilobium parviflorum extract (EPE) loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared with ionic gelation method to increase the bioavailability of the extract. The nanoparticles were investigated in terms of size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity and release profile. Besides, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the nanoparticles. Moreover, Ames/Salmonella test was used to determine the mutagenicity of EPE, and it was shown that it had no mutagenic effect. It was found that EPE loaded chitosan nanoparticles were with 64.47 nm in average size, 0.168 PdI and 15.2 mV zeta potential. Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were found as 92.46% and 8%, respectively. Finally, DNA binding assay and in silico molecular docking studies were performed between EPE and DNA in order to contribute to design of plant based controlled release system for use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahim Can Egil
- Sabancı University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, 34956 İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Burak Ozdemir
- Yıldız Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Department of Bioengineering, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Gok
- Yıldız Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Department of Bioengineering, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serda Kecel-Gunduz
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Physics Department, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Budama-Kilinc
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
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Kim NH, Jegal J, Kim YN, Heo JD, Rho JR, Yang MH, Jeong EJ. The Effects of Aronia melanocarpa Extract on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats, and Quantitative Analysis of Major Constituents Depending on Extract Conditions. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061575. [PMID: 32481550 PMCID: PMC7352698 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of A. melanocarpa on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Wistar rats. Moreover, the bioactive constituents in the extract were determined using LC/MS and HPLC analyses. The dried fruits of A. melanocarpa were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) under different extract conditions (temperature, 30 C or 100 C; extract solvent, 60% or 100% ethanol) to yield four extracts (T1~T4). Of the four A. melanocarpa extracts, T1 extracted under the condition of 100% ethanol/low temperature (30 C) exhibited the greatest inhibitory activity on TP-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. The administration of T1 (100 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) for six weeks attenuated TP-induced prostate enlargement and reduced the levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5α-reductase in both serum and prostate tissue. The suppression of PCNA mRNA expression in prostate tissue was remarkable in T1-treated rats. In LC/MS analysis, the levels of main anthocyanins and phenolics were significantly higher in T1 than in the other extracts. Furthermore, the quantitative study showed that the contents of cyanidin-3-glucose and cyanidin-3-xylose in T1 exhibited 1.27~1.67 and 1.10~1.26 folds higher compared to those in the other extracts. These findings demonstrated that A. melanocarpa extract containing anthocyanins as bioactive constituents attenuated the development of testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia, and suggested that this extract has therapeutic potential to treat prostate enlargement and BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hyun Kim
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52834, Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.-D.H.)
| | - Jonghwan Jegal
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Yun Na Kim
- Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52834, Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.-D.H.)
| | - Jung-Rae Rho
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Korea;
| | - Min Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.H.Y.); (E.J.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2811 (M.H.Y.); +82-55-751-3224 (E.J.J.); Fax: +82-51-513-6754 (M.H.Y.); +82-55-751-3229 (E.J.J.)
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.H.Y.); (E.J.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2811 (M.H.Y.); +82-55-751-3224 (E.J.J.); Fax: +82-51-513-6754 (M.H.Y.); +82-55-751-3229 (E.J.J.)
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16
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Elbagory AM, Hussein AA, Meyer M. The In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects Of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized From Hypoxis hemerocallidea Aqueous Extract And Hypoxoside On Macrophage And Natural Killer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9007-9018. [PMID: 31819415 PMCID: PMC6875510 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s216972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages and Natural Killer (NK) cells are an integral part of the innate immune system. These cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to bacterial infections. However, prolonged inflammation can be a contributing factor in the etiology of several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and eczema. Reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines is an effective treatment strategy for these conditions. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been shown to have immunosuppressive effects. Extracts of the Hypoxis hemerocallidea plant have also been shown to have immunomodulatory effects. It has been demonstrated previously that extracts of the H. hemerocallidea can be used to synthesize AuNPs. Purpose This study aimed to investigate whether AuNPs synthesized using H. hemerocallidea extract and its major secondary metabolite, hypoxoside, have any immunomodulatory effects in macrophages and NK cells. Methodology AuNPs derived from the H. hemerocallidea extract were synthesized as previously described. Using similar methodologies, this study shows for the first time the synthesis of AuNPs from hypoxoside. The AuNPs were characterized using several optical and spectroscopic techniques. The immunomodulatory effects of the aqueous extract of H. hemerocallidea, hypoxoside, as well as the AuNPs produced from the extract and hypoxoside, were investigated by measuring the cytokine levels in macrophages (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and NK cells (IFN-γ) using solid phase sandwich ELISA technique. Results The results show that spherical AuNPs (average size 26 ± 2 nm) were synthesized from hypoxoside. The results also show that the four treatments (H. hemerocallidea extract, hypoxoside and their respective AuNPs can lower the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the macrophages cells, while only AuNPs produced from hypoxoside can reduce cytokine responses in NK cells. Conclusion This study shows that all four treatments investigated here could be further explored for the development of anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman M Elbagory
- DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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17
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Mwinga JL, Asong JA, Amoo SO, Nkadimeng SM, McGaw LJ, Aremu AO, Otang-Mbeng W. In vitro antimicrobial effects of Hypoxis hemerocallidea against six pathogens with dermatological relevance and its phytochemical characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112048. [PMID: 31265885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypoxis hemerocallidea (commonly known as African Potato) is popular in African traditional medicine. It is used in the management of diverse ailments including burns, wounds and skin-related diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study investigated the antimicrobial effects of Hypoxis hemerocallidea against six microorganisms associated with skin diseases. In addition, the antioxidant activity, phytochemical profiles and cytotoxicity of the bulb extracts were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antimicrobial activity of 50% methanol (MeOH) and petroleum ether (PE) extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea bulbs was tested against two bacterial and four fungal strains implicated in causing opportunistic skin-related diseases. Antioxidant potential of the extract was investigated via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and β-carotene linoleic acid model. Phytochemical profiling of the 50% MeOH extract of Hypoxis hemerocallidea was done using spectrophotometric assay and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The extracts were also evaluated for cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero kidney cell lines based on the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. RESULTS Both 50% MeOH and PE extracts showed considerable inhibitory effects against all six microorganisms. The extracts were potent against Shigella flexneri and Trichophyton tonsurans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values less than 1 mg/ml. However, there was relatively poor antifungal activity against the other fungal strains. In the DPPH assay, the MeOH extract of the bulb had an EC50 of 29.8 μg/ml while 76.91% antioxidant activity was observed in the β-carotene-linoleic acid model. The extract contained total phenolics (41 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (10 mg CE/g). The GC-MS analysis of Hypoxis hemerocallidea bulb revealed 29 and 160 bioactive compounds for 50% MeOH and PE extracts, respectively. Based on the cytotoxicity, Hypoxis hemerocallidea had LC50 value of 210.9 ± 18.4 and 95.5 ± 13.3 μg/ml for PE and MeOH extracts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The bulb extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea exhibited good antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, which could be attributed to the presence of phenolics, flavonoids and the other bioactive compounds identified through GC-MS, making it a potentially effective cosmetic plant. These findings also account for the multi-pharmacological use of Hypoxis hemerocallidea in traditional medicine, especially related to skin diseases. The plant extracts can be considered as safe based on their LC50 values (< 20 μg/ml). However, other form of cytotoxicity studies need to be carried out on Hypoxis hemerocallidea, as well as in vivo tests, to confirm its safety and efficacy as a treatment for skin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Mwinga
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - John A Asong
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Stephen O Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council, Vegetables and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Sanah M Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, North West Province, South Africa.
| | - Wilfred Otang-Mbeng
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X11283, Mbombela, 1200, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
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18
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Li Y, Shi B, Dong F, Zhu X, Liu B, Liu Y. Effects of inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and STAT3/NF-κB- and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by a high-fat diet. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5570-5578. [PMID: 31412319 PMCID: PMC6710068 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study determined whether or not benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) is involved in inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)- and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated oxidative stress pathways. Forty rats were divided into four groups: control; HFD; testosterone; and HFD+testosterone. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to assess histologic changes. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis were used to detect levels of related proteins. Compared with the control group, the prostate levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly increased, while the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased. The TNF-κB, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 levels were increased, while the Bax level was markedly decreased. The cytoplasmic expression of STAT3 and NF-κB was increased, while the nuclear expression of Nrf2 was markedly decreased compared with the control group. In summary, our results demonstrated that a long-term HFD might cause changes in inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, thus contributing to prostatic hyperplasia. The underlying mechanisms might be related to the STAT3/NF-κB- and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Li
- Department of urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Benkang Shi
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong
| | - Fengming Dong
- Department of urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Xingwang Zhu
- Department of urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Yili Liu
- Department of urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
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Hexane fraction of Annona muricata (Sour sop) seed ameliorates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:403-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Gulumian M, Yahaya ES, Steenkamp V. African Herbal Remedies with Antioxidant Activity: A Potential Resource Base for Wound Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4089541. [PMID: 30595712 PMCID: PMC6282146 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4089541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of traditional herbal remedies as alternative medicine plays an important role in Africa since it forms part of primary health care for treatment of various medical conditions, including wounds. Although physiological levels of free radicals are essential to the healing process, they are known to partly contribute to wound chronicity when in excess. Consequently, antioxidant therapy has been shown to facilitate healing of such wounds. Also, a growing body of evidence suggests that, at least, part of the therapeutic value of herbals may be explained by their antioxidant activity. This paper reviews African herbal remedies with antioxidant activity with the aim of indicating potential resources for wound treatment. Firstly, herbals with identified antioxidant compounds and, secondly, herbals with proven antioxidant activity, but where the compound(s) responsible for the activity has not yet been identified, are listed. In the latter case it has been attempted to ascribe the activity to a compound known to be present in the plant family and/or species, where related activity has previously been documented for another genus of the species. Also, the tests employed to assess antioxidant activity and the potential caveats thereof during assessment are briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Paulis G. Inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress in prostatitis: the possible role of antioxidant therapy. Res Rep Urol 2018; 10:75-87. [PMID: 30271757 PMCID: PMC6149977 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s170400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on the role that oxidative stress plays in chronic prostatitis, not only with respect to the known impact on symptoms and fertility but also especially in relation to possible prostate cancer development. Prostatitis is the most common urologic disease in adult males younger than 50 years and the third most common urologic diagnosis in males older than 50 years. If the germ-causing acute prostatitis is not eliminated, the inflammatory process becomes chronic. Persistent inflammation causes ongoing production of large quantities of pro-inflammatory cytokines and both oxygen and nitrogen reactive species, with consequent activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and genes encoding for further production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemotactic factors, and growth factors. Confirming the role of oxidative stress in chronic prostatitis, several studies have demonstrated the presence of oxidative stress markers in the genital secretions of patients suffering from the disease. Antioxidants can therefore play an essential role in the treatment of chronic bacterial and non-bacterial prostatitis; in the case of bacterial inflammation, they can be associated with antibiotic therapy. Moreover, due to their anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidants hinder the progression of inflammation and the possible development of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Paulis
- Andrology Center, Villa Benedetta Clinic, Rome, Italy,
- Department of Uro-Andrology, Castelfidardo Medical Team, Rome, Italy,
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22
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Guldiken B, Ozkan G, Catalkaya G, Ceylan FD, Ekin Yalcinkaya I, Capanoglu E. Phytochemicals of herbs and spices: Health versus toxicological effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:37-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Park MB, Hyun DS, Song JM, Chung HC, Kwon SW, Kim SC, Ranabhat CL, Lee TS, Koh SB. Association between the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia and social disparities: Does social capital promote prostate health? Andrologia 2018; 50:e13125. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Bae Park
- Department of Gerontal Health and Welfare; Pai Chai University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Dae Sung Hyun
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Wonju Korea
- Department of Biostatistics and Computing; The Graduate School of Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | | | - Hyun Chul Chung
- Department of Urology; Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Wonju Korea
| | | | | | - Chhabi Lal Ranabhat
- Department of Gerontal Health and Welfare; Pai Chai University; Daejeon Korea
- Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Science; Solteemode, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Tae Sic Lee
- Department of Family Medicine; Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Wonju Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Wonju Korea
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Locatelli M, Macchione N, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Recinella L, Carradori S, Zengin G, Cesa S, Leporini L, Leone S, Brunetti L, Menghini L, Orlando G. Graminex Pollen: Phenolic Pattern, Colorimetric Analysis and Protective Effects in Immortalized Prostate Cells (PC3) and Rat Prostate Challenged with LPS. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051145. [PMID: 29751604 PMCID: PMC6100541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostatitis, a general term describing prostate inflammation, is a common disease that could be sustained by bacterial or non-bacterial infectious agents. The efficacy of herbal extracts with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects for blunting the burden of inflammation and oxidative stress, with possible improvements in clinical symptoms, is under investigation. Pollen extracts have been previously reported as promising agents in managing clinical symptoms related to prostatitis. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the protective effects of Graminex pollen (GraminexTM, Deshler, OH, USA), a commercially available product based on standardized pollen extracts, in rat prostate specimens, ex vivo. In this context, we studied the putative mechanism of action of pollen on multiple inflammatory pathways, including the reduction of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), and malondialdehyde (MDA), whose activities were significantly increased by inflammatory stimuli. We characterized by means of chromatographic and colorimetric studies the composition of Graminex pollen to better correlate the activity of pollen on immortalized prostate cells (PC3), and in rat prostate specimens challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that Graminex pollen was able to reduce radical oxygen species (ROS) production by PC3 cells and MDA, NFκB mRNA, and PGE₂ levels, in rat prostate specimens. According to our experimental evidence, Graminex pollen appears to be a promising natural product for the management of the inflammatory components in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Nicola Macchione
- Department of Urology, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42075, Turkey.
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lidia Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Vitalone A, Allkanjari O. Epilobium spp: Pharmacology and Phytochemistry. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1229-1240. [PMID: 29575111 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Epilobium species and their extracts are very popular in folk medicine, for a wide range of applications. The purpose of this review is the analysis of the pharmacological properties of Epilobium spp, considering whether their effects (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, analgesic, and antiandrogenic) could rationally justify the use of Epilobium as a treatment of numerous diseases. Even if numerous preclinical studies have been reported, randomized controlled clinical trials (for the evaluation of safety and efficacy), and eventually cost-effectiveness studies (to estimate the long-term cumulative costs), are still needed to confirm the usefulness of these medicinal plants in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabella Vitalone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Olta Allkanjari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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26
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Zunino V, Meineri G, Bellone G, Vizio B, Prati A, Grandi M, Radice E, Dal Bello F, Medana C. Alcoholic extracts of Epilobium, Urtica dioica and Evernia prunastri with 5-fluorouracil in controlling murine colon carcinoma cell growth in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-017-0282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Famewo EB, Clarke AM, Wiid I, Ngwane A, van Helden P, Afolayan AJ. Anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:780-789. [PMID: 29085406 PMCID: PMC5656206 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has become a global public health problem. Polyherbal medicines offer great hope for developing alternative drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-tubercular activity of polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis. METHODS The remedies were screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using Middlebrook 7H9 media and MGIT BACTEC 960 system. They were liquid preparations from King Williams Town site A (KWTa), King Williams Town site B (KWTb), King Williams Town site C (KWTc), Hogsback first site (HBfs), Hogsback second site (HBss), Hogsback third site (HBts), East London (EL), Alice (AL) and Fort Beaufort (FB). RESULTS The susceptibility testing revealed that all the remedies contain anti-tubercular activity with KWTa, KWTb, KWTc, HBfs, HBts, AL and FB exhibiting more activity at a concentration below 25 µl/ml. Furthermore, MIC values exhibited inhibitory activity with the most active remedies from KWTa, HBfs and HBts at 1.562 µg/ml. However, isoniazid showed more inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis at 0.05 µg/ml when compare to the polyherbal remedies. CONCLUSION This study has indicated that these remedies could be potential sources of new anti-mycobacterial agents against M. tuberculosis. However, the activity of these preparations and their active principles still require in vivo study in order to assess their future as new anti-tuberculosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Famewo
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anna M Clarke
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Ian Wiid
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Andile Ngwane
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Paul van Helden
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Anthony J Afolayan
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Antibacterial activity of crude extracts of some South African medicinal plants against multidrug resistant etiological agents of diarrhoea. Altern Ther Health Med 2017. [PMID: 28629407 PMCID: PMC5474864 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of some plants used in folklore medicine to treat diarrhoea in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. METHODS The acetone extracts of Acacia mearnsii De Wild., Aloe arborescens Mill., A. striata Haw., Cyathula uncinulata (Schrad.) Schinz, Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt., E. comosa (Houtt.) Wehrh., Hermbstaedtia odorata (Burch. ex Moq.) T.Cooke, Hydnora africana Thunb, Hypoxis latifolia Wight, Pelargonium sidoides DC, Psidium guajava L and Schizocarphus nervosus (Burch.) van der Merwe were screened against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, multi-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Isangi, S. typhi, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Shigella flexneri type 1b and Sh. sonnei phase II. A qualitative phytochemical screening of the plants extracts was by thin layer chromatography. Plants extracts were screened for antibacterial activity using serial dilution microplate technique and bioautography. RESULTS The TLC fingerprint indicated the presence of terpenoids and flavonoids in the herbs. Most of the tested organisms were sensitive to the crude acetone extracts with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.018-2.5 mg/mℓ. Extracts of A. striata, C. uncinulata, E. autumnalis and P. guajava were more active against enteropathogens. S. aureus and Sh. flexneri were the most sensitive isolates to the crude extracts but of significance is the antibacterial activity of A. arborescens and P. guajava against a confirmed extended spectrum betalactamase positive S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. CONCLUSION The presence of bioactive compounds and the antibacterial activity of some of the selected herbs against multidrug resistant enteric agents corroborate assertions by traditional healers on their efficacies.
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Pyo KH, Lee YW, Lee SH, Xin CF, Shin JH, Shin EH. Preventive Effects of Resveratrol-enriched Extract of Peanut Sprout on Bacteria- and Estradiol-induced Prostatitis in Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of peanut sprout extract (PSE) as a natural resveratrol supplement on chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) and estradiol-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PSE contained a high level of resveratrol (148.51 ± 3.05 μg/g), and was tested on the mouse models of CBP (induced by Escherichia coli 292 infection) and BPH (induced by treatment with β-estradiol and dihydrotestosterone). PSE toxicity was assessed on the basis of changes in body weight, alanine aminotransferase activity (an indicator of hepatotoxicity), and expression of the kidney injury marker KIM-1. The effects of PSE on the histopathology of prostate tissue, the proportion of neutrophils, and immune cell profiles in the blood and spleen were examined. PSE administration did not result in any toxicity but reduced the bacterial burden and histopathological changes in the prostate. In addition, lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+) in the spleen were significantly increased after PSE administration in CBP mice, suggesting immune enhancement. PSE treatment of bone marrow–derived macrophages increased the expression of CD40, which is related to the pro-inflammatory function and host defense against pathogens. It is concluded that PSE would be a good supplement for the mitigation of prostate hyperplasia and prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Won Lee
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Baekhyun-dong, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463–746, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305–350, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Feng Xin
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Shin
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Shin
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110–799, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 463–707, Republic of Korea
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30
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Eom JH, Cheon SY, Chung KS, Kim MD, An HJ. Bawu decoction () ameliorates benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 23:611-616. [PMID: 27838873 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of Bawu Decoction (, BWD, Palmul-tang in Korean) against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, with 6 rats in each group. The 4 study groups included sham-operated group (CON), BPH model group, fifinasteride-treated group, and BWD-treated group. All the groups except CON group received a subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg of testosterone, while CON group received saline. Finasteride at a dose of 5 mg/kg was administered to the finasteride-treated group for a period of 4 weeks. BWD group received BWD at a dose of 200 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The prostatic weight, prostate weight to body weight ratio, relative prostate weight ratio, serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level, and histological analysis of prostatic tissue were analyzed. RESULTS Compared to BPH model group, BWD administration was associated with reductions in prostatic weight, prostate and relative prostate weight ratio weight to body weight ratio (P<0.05). The concentration of serum testosterone and DHT were higher in BPH group compared with CON group (P<0.05). Administration of finasteride and BWD suppressed the elevation of serum testosterone and DHT levels signifificantly (both P<0.05). In addition, BWD suppressed the growth of prostatic tissue (P<0.05). CONCLUSION BWD has suppressant effects on development of BPH through inhibition of serum testosterone and DHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hwan Eom
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si Gangwon-do, 220-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yun Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si Gangwon-do, 220-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si Gangwon-do, 220-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Dong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si Gangwon-do, 220-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si Gangwon-do, 220-702, Republic of Korea.
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Chen J, Song H. Protective potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against benign prostatic hyperplasia in metabolic syndrome rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:315-320. [PMID: 27348728 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major catechin in green tea with functions of antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and attenuating metabolic syndrome. In this study, rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) accompanied with metabolic syndrome was induced by fed on high-fat diet for 12 weeks combined with testosterone injection (10mg/kg/d) from 9th to 12th weeks. EGCG was orally given from 9th to 12th weeks. Finally, the levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, prostate weight, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant enzymes, and prostatic expression of IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) were evaluated. It was found that EGCG significantly decreased the levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, IGFs, and inflammatory cytokines, normalized the activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as increased the prostatic expression of IGFBP-3 and PPARs. These results indicated that EGCG was able to exert anti-BPH activities in metabolic syndrome rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglou Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongping Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Balogun FO, Tshabalala NT, Ashafa AOT. Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants Used by the Basotho Tribe of Eastern Free State: A Review. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4602820. [PMID: 27437404 PMCID: PMC4942634 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4602820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) belongs to the group of five leading important diseases causing death globally and remains a major health problem in Africa. A number of factors such as poverty, poor eating habit, and hormonal imbalance are responsible for the occurrence of the disease. It poses a major health challenge in Africa continent today and the prevalence continues to increase at an alarming rate. Various treatment options particularly the usage of herbs have been effective against diabetes because they have no adverse effects. Interestingly, South Africa, especially the Basotho tribe, is blessed with numerous medicinal plants whose usage in the treatment of DM has been effective since the conventional drugs are expensive and often unaffordable. The present study attempted to update the various scientific evidence on the twenty-three (23) plants originating from different parts of the world but widely used by the Sotho people in the management of DM. Asteraceae topped the list of sixteen (16) plant families and remained the most investigated according to this review. Although limited information was obtained on the antidiabetic activities of these plants, it is however anticipated that government parastatals and scientific communities will pay more attention to these plants in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatai Oladunni Balogun
- Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Private Bag X 13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
| | - Natu Thomas Tshabalala
- Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Private Bag X 13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
| | - Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa
- Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Private Bag X 13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
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Azu OO, Jegede AI, Ugochukwu O, Onanuga IO, Kharwa S, Naidu EC. Hepatic histomorphological and biochemical changes following highly active antiretroviral therapy in an experimental animal model: Does Hypoxis hemerocallidea exacerbate hepatic injury? Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:114-122. [PMID: 28959529 PMCID: PMC5615786 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the roll-out of antiretroviral therapy continues to drive downwards morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs), organ toxicities (especially the liver) are frequently becoming a major concern for researchers, scientists and healthcare planners. This study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effect of Hypoxis hemerocallidea (AP) against highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-induced hepatotoxicity. A total of 63 pathogen-free adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 9 groups and treated according to protocols. While no mortality was reported, animals treated with adjuvant HAART and AP recorded least% body weight gain. Significant derangements in serum lipid profiles were exacerbated by treatment of with AP as LDL (increased p < 0.03), triglycerides (increased p < 0.03) with no change in total cholesterol levels. Adjuvant AP with HAART caused reduction in LDL (p < 0.05 and 0.03), increased HDL (p < 0.05) and TG (p < 0.05 and 0.001 for AP100 and AP200 doses respectively). Markers of liver injury assayed showed significant increase (p < 0.003, 0.001) in AST in AP alone as well as HAART+ vitamins C and E groups respectively. Adjuvant HAART and AP and vitamins C and E also caused significant declines in ALT and ALP levels. Serum GGT was not markedly altered. Disturbances in histopathology ranged from severe hepatocellular distortions, necrosis and massive fibrosis following co-treatment of HAART with vitamins C and E as well as HAART alone. These results warrant caution on the adjuvant use of AP with HAART by PLWHAs as implications for hepatocellular injuries are suspect with untoward cardiometabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences. Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Ayoola Isaac Jegede
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences. Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.,Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Offor Ugochukwu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences. Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Ismail Olasile Onanuga
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences. Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kampala International University, Kansaga, Ggaba Road, Uganda
| | - Salem Kharwa
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences. Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Edwin Coleridge Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences. Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Okem A, Stirk WA, Street RA, Southway C, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Effects of Cd and Al stress on secondary metabolites, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. & C.A. Mey. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:147-155. [PMID: 26473664 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cadmium (Cd) and aluminium (Al) on the accumulation of phenolics, flavonoids and the bioactive compound hypoxoside in Hypoxis hemerocallidea. In addition, antioxidant scavenging and antibacterial activity were assessed to evaluate if Cd and Al stress affect the accumulation of bioactive compounds in H. hemerocallidea. In vitro grown plantlets of H. hemerocallidea were acclimatized for seven months in a greenhouse. Thereafter plants were exposed to various concentrations of Cd and Al both singularly and in combination in the form of Cd(NO3)2 (2, 5, 10 mg Cd/L); Al3(NO3)3 (500, 1000, 1500 mg Al/L) and combinations of Cd and Al (Cd 2:Al 500, Cd 5:Al 1000 and Cd 10:Al 1500 mg/L) for a further six weeks. The highest amounts of Cd and Al translocated to the shoot were 34 and 1608 mg/L respectively. Phytochemical screening showed significantly high amounts of total phenolics and flavonoids at the moderate Cd treatment (5 mg/L) compared to the controls. Exposure to Cd and Al significantly decreased the accumulation of hypoxoside. There was a significant increase in diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant scavenging activity in most of the metal-treated plants compared to the positive control ascorbic acid. Extracts from Cd 2 mg/L treatment exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus compared to the control. The results of the present study revealed that cultivating H. hemerocallidea on metal contaminated soils affects the accumulation of the bioactive compound, hypoxoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrose Okem
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Stirk
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Renée A Street
- South African Medical Research Council, HIV Prevention Research Unit, 123 Jan Hofmeyer Road, Westville, 3630, South Africa
| | - Colin Southway
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey F Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
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What do we know about phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia? Life Sci 2015; 126:42-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Afolayan AJ, Otunola GA. Ultrastructure and elemental analysis of Hypoxis hemerocallidea: a multipurpose medicinal plant. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2014; 11:39-43. [PMID: 25392578 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal medicine is a popular means of medical management in some parts of the world especially in Africa. Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch.C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall, also known as African potato of the Hypoxidaecae family, is one of the medicinal plants that have enjoyed long usage as an herbal medicine in South Africa. In this study, the morphology and elemental constituents of H. hemerocallidea leaf was investigated to correlate the functional role of the ultrastructure in the production of therapeutic compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh leaves of H. hemerocallidea were prepared for analysis using standard methods. The ultrastructure and crystal deposits of the plant were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX). RESULTS It was observed that the leaves were characterised by multicelullar glandular and non glandular trichomes which are sparsely distributed over the entire surfaces. The glandular trichomes (GTs) in H. hemerocallidea leaf have boulbous heads which are probably filled with secretions, while the non glandular trichomes were long, fibrous and sparse. EDX-SEM of Hypoxis hemerocallidea leaf revealed that carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and silicon are the major components of the deposits, while other elements such as iron, sulphur, sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, manganese, iodine, chromium and iodine were present in small but variable amounts. CONCLUSION The presence of these elements which are crucial to maintaining good health, in addition to other bioactive constituents might be accountable for the multipurpose therapeutic uses of Hypoxis hemerocallidea in the treatment of cancers, HIV/AIDS related diseases, urinary tract infections, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and other chronic ailments of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Afolayan
- Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Gloria A Otunola
- Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa ; Department of Home Economics and Food Science, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
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Lei Y, Liu D, Ren X, Chen J. Potential of grape seed-derived polyphenols extract for protection against testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in castrated rats. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10968f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Granica S, Piwowarski JP, Czerwińska ME, Kiss AK. Phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional uses of different Epilobium species (Onagraceae): a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 156:316-346. [PMID: 25196824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Epilobium genus (willowherb) comprises of ca. 200 species of herbaceous plants distributed around the world. Infusions prepared form willowherbs have been traditionally used externally in skin and mucosa infections and in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia. Nowadays extracts from different Epilobium species are widely used by patients, however the lack of clinical studies does not allow to fully establish their efficacy. The present review summarizes published data on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacological use and pharmacological studies concerning willowherb species investigated throughout past few decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature survey was performed using Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Reaxys databases looking for papers and patents focused on chemical composition and bioactivity of Epilobium species. Systematic research in ethnopharmacological literature in digitalized sources of academic libraries was also carried out. RESULT The chemical composition of different Epilobium species and their bioactivities are described. The detailed information on constituents isolated and detected by chromatographic methods is given. The studies show that polyphenols are main compounds occurring in Epilobium herb among which flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins (oenothein B and oenothein A) are dominating constituents. The extracts and some isolated compounds from Epilobium sp. were shown to possess antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidative activities. Because many studies suggest that oenothein B as dominating constituent may be responsible for Epilobium sp. pharmacological effects, its documented bioactivities were also described. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological studies performed on Epilobium justify the traditional use of this species in external and in gastrointestinal inflammations. As far as the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is considered, in the literature, there are some reports indicating that Epilobium extracts have a beneficial effect for this disorder, but the number of in vitro studies is not sufficient and the in vivo studies are not conclusive or too preliminary to draw a final conclusion about the efficacy of Epilobium preparations. More in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies to confirm this mode of action are strongly needed. Epilobium's extracts have also documented antioxidative and potential anti-inflammatory properties. Oenothein B can be considered as responsible for some of Epilobium pharmacological properties. Because of the lack of clinical data further studies are needed to provide an evidence base for traditional uses of plant materials belonging to the Epilobium genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika E Czerwińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Protective effects of grape seed-derived procyanidin extract against carrageenan-induced abacterial prostatitis in rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ncube B, Ndhlala AR, Okem A, Van Staden J. Hypoxis (Hypoxidaceae) in African traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:818-827. [PMID: 24184189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypoxis species (Hypoxidaceae) are popular medicinal plants used in the African traditional medicine to treat numerous ailments and are reported to have a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. In this paper we reviewed and evaluated the traditional uses, pharmacological, phytochemistry and toxicity aspects of the genus Hypoxis. Potential medicinal prospects and possible knowledge gaps and pitfalls are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive and systematic review of literature on Hypoxis species was done using numerous resources such as books and scientific databases that include Pubmed, Scopus, Scirus, Google scholar, Web of Science and others. Information on the various pharmacological and chemical properties of Hypoxis extracts was critically analysed and discussed under the various topics. RESULTS The literature indicated a broad range of uses, pharmacological and toxicological properties of different Hypoxis species extracts and their relevance to African healthcare systems. Several compounds, mostly glucosides, sterols and sterolins, have been isolated, identified and tested in various in vitro and in vivo models as well as in a couple of clinical trials with a lot of promising prospects reported in some studies. CONCLUSION A critical analysis of the available literature and studies identifies positive potential for the future use of Hypoxis species in both traditional and modern medicine and concurrently so with possible pitfalls and research gaps in current knowledge. An integrated and holistic approach to addressing research issues, particularly toxicology aspects could be more effectively applied and incorporate conservation strategies for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhekumthetho Ncube
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, Fakhrudin N, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Wawrosch C, Reznicek G, Dirsch VM, Saukel J, Kopp B. Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine--an unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:750-71. [PMID: 23770053 PMCID: PMC3791396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Austria, like in most Western countries, knowledge about traditional medicinal plants is becoming scarce. Searching the literature concerning Austria's ethnomedicine reveals its scant scientific exploration. Aiming to substantiate the potential of medicinal plants traditionally used in Austria, 63 plant species or genera with claimed anti-inflammatory properties listed in the VOLKSMED database were assessed for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS 71 herbal drugs from 63 plant species or genera were extracted using solvents of varying polarities and subsequently depleted from the bulk constituents, chlorophylls and tannins to avoid possible interferences with the assays. The obtained 257 extracts were assessed for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The expression of the inflammatory mediators E-selectin and interleukin-8 (IL-8), induced by the inflammatory stimuli tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was measured in endothelial cells. The potential of the extracts to activate the nuclear factors PPARα and PPARγ and to inhibit TNF-α-induced activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in HEK293 cells was determined by luciferase reporter gene assays. RESULTS In total, extracts from 67 of the 71 assessed herbal drugs revealed anti-inflammatory activity in the applied in vitro test systems. Thereby, 30 could downregulate E-selectin or IL-8 gene expression, 28 were strong activators of PPARα or PPARγ (inducing activation of more than 2-fold at a concentration of 10µg/mL) and 21 evoked a strong inhibition of NF-κB (inhibition of more than 80% at 10µg/mL). CONCLUSION Our research supports the efficacy of herbal drugs reported in Austrian folk medicine used for ailments associated with inflammatory processes. Hence, an ethnopharmacological screening approach is a useful tool for the discovery of new drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Vogl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Picker
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Mihaly-Bison
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wawrosch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Reznicek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Saukel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 1 4277 55273; fax: +43 1 4277 9552.
| | - Brigitte Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Naidoo D, van Vuuren SF, van Zyl RL, de Wet H. Plants traditionally used individually and in combination to treat sexually transmitted infections in northern Maputaland, South Africa: antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:656-667. [PMID: 23880127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although medicinal plants are used extensively to treat sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in rural northern Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, the efficacy and safety of these plants have not previously been evaluated. AIM OF STUDY A study was designed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity profiles of a selection (individual plants and selected combinations) of traditionally used plants in this study area. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous and organic (dichloromethane: methanol, 1:1) extracts were prepared. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay against the STI associated pathogens; Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Ureaplasma urealyticum clinical strain, Oligella ureolytica ATCC 43534, Trichomonas vaginalis clinical strain, Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC 14018 and Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC 19424. For the combination study, interactions were assessed using the fractional inhibitory concentration (ΣFIC). The plant species were assessed for safety using the 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cellular viability assay on the human embryonic kidney epithelial (Graham, HEK-293) cell line. RESULTS For the antimicrobial studies, U. urealyticum was the most sensitive of the six test organisms, with the aqueous extract of Ranunculus multifidus (0.02mg/ml) and the organic extract of Peltophorum africanum (0.04mg/ml) being the most antimicrobially active plant species studied. Sclerocarya birrea was found to have the broadest spectrum of activity (mean MIC of 0.89mg/ml). The only plant species to exhibit some degree of cytotoxicity against the kidney epithelial cell line was Kigelia africana (100µg/ml), with 22% and 16% cell death for the aqueous and organic extracts, respectively. Of the 13 combinations studied, several synergistic combinations were evident, the most prominent being the combination of Albizia adianthifolia and Trichilia dregeana (aqueous extract) with an ΣFIC value of 0.15 against O. ureolytica. Synergistic interactions were observed regardless of the ratio of the aqueous mixtures of the two plants. Syzygium cordatum and S. birrea (aqueous extract) was also a combination of interest, demonstrating synergistic (ΣFIC=0.42) interactions against O. ureolytica. This combination, however, also displayed some cytotoxicity towards the human epithelial cell line. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that anecdotal evidence of plant use does not always correlate with in vitro activity. Furthermore, the toxicological profiling is of utmost importance as if not combined in its correct ratio can lead to potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Naidoo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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Honegr J, Pospíšilová M. Determination of phenolic acids in plant extracts using CZE with on-line transient isotachophoretic preconcentration. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:729-35. [PMID: 23401390 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel transient ITP-CZE for preconcentration and determination of seven phenolic acids (caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, and vanilic acid) was developed and validated. Effects of several factors such as control of EOF, pH and buffer concentration, addition of organic solvents and CDs, and conditions for sample injection were investigated. Sample self-stacking was applied by means of induction of transient ITP, which was realized by adding sodium chloride into the sample. The CZE was realized in 200 mM borate buffer ((w)(s)pH 9.2) containing 37.5% methanol, 0.001% hexadimethrine bromide, and 15 mM 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD. Under the optimal conditions for analysis, analytes were separated within 20 min. Linearity was tested for each compound in the concentration range of 0.1-10 μg/mL (R = 0.9906-0.9968) and the detection limits (S/N = 3) ranged from 11 ng/mL (protocatechuic acid) to 31 μg/mL (syringic acid). The validated method was applied to the ethanolic extract of Epilobium parviflorum, Onagraceae. The method of SPE was used for the precleaning of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Honegr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Stolarczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Granica S, Stefańska J, Naruszewicz M, Kiss AK. Extracts fromEpilobiumsp. Herbs, Their Components and Gut Microbiota Metabolites ofEpilobiumEllagitannins, Urolithins, Inhibit Hormone-Dependent Prostate Cancer Cells-(LNCaP) Proliferation and PSA Secretion. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1842-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stolarczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Stefańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marek Naruszewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna K. Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
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Abstract
There is a growing interest in natural plant-based remedies as a source for commercial products. Around 80% of the South African population use traditional medicines to meet their primary health care needs; however, only a few South African medicinal plants have been exploited to their full potential in terms of commercialization. The opportunity for bioprospecting of plant compounds for novel pharmaceuticals remains largely untapped. Certain renowned medicinal plants of international acclaim including buchu and rooibos are currently contributing to local enterprise; however, other exciting opportunities exist for commonly used plants which have not yet reached the international arena. This paper focuses on the key research and development contributions of 10 commercially important medicinal plants of South Africa. Traditional uses, scientific validation, commercialisation developments, as well as both potential opportunities and setbacks are discussed.
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Abstract
Herbal usage remains popular as an alternative or complementary form of treatment, especially in Africa. However, the misconception that herbal remedies are safe due to their "natural" origins jeopardizes human safety, as many different interactions can occur with concomitant use with other pharmaceuticals on top of potential inherent toxicity. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are highly polymorphic, and pose a problem for pharmaceutical drug tailoring to meet an individual's specific metabolic activity. The influence of herbal remedies further complicates this. The plants included in this review have been mainly researched for determining their effect on cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein drug transporters. Usage of herbal remedies, such as Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Sutherlandia frutescens and Harpagophytum procumbensis popular in Africa. The literature suggests that there is a potential for drug-herb interactions, which could occur through alterations in metabolism and transportation of drugs. Research has primarily been conducted in vitro, whereas in vivo data are lacking. Research concerning the effect of African herbals on drug metabolism should also be approached, as specific plants are especially popular in conjunction with certain treatments. Although these interactions can be beneficial, the harm they pose is just as great.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Cordier
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Kiss AK, Bazylko A, Filipek A, Granica S, Jaszewska E, Kiarszys U, Kośmider A, Piwowarski J. Oenothein B's contribution to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Epilobium sp. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:557-560. [PMID: 21112753 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Willow herb tea or preparation are available and relatively popular in the European market, and claimed to be effective inter alia because of their anti-inflammatory activity. The present study is therefore aimed at comparing the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of extracts of the three most popular Epilobium species (E. angustifolium, E. hirsutum and E. parviflorum) and at juxtaposing this activity against the dominating compounds from the following extracts: oenothein B (OeB), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts has shown that OeB quantities vary between 20% and 35%, while flavonoids content does not exceed 2%. All extracts have inhibited the activity of hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase with IC₅₀ around 5 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml. The inhibition of hyaluronidase is related with the presence of OeB, a strong inhibitor of this enzyme (IC₅₀) 1.1 μM). Additionally, the extracts inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) release from stimulated neutrophils. OeB inhibited MPO release similarly to the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin with IC₅₀ 7.7 μM and 15.4 μM, respectively. Tested extracts significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from f-MLP and PMA induced neutrophils with IC₅₀ 5 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml, respectively. The flavonoids content seems to exert little influence on extracts' activity, contrary to OeB, whose high concentration explains the activity of extract obtained from Epilobium. Tested currently marketed Epilobium preparations are often wrongly assigned, but we should stress that the level of OeB in all tested herbs was high and always exceeded 2% in raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Bartfay WJ, Bartfay E, Johnson JG. Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Antibacterial Properties of the Whole Plant Extract of Willow Herb (Epilobium angustifolium). Biol Res Nurs 2011; 14:85-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800410393947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new pathogens and the increase in the number of multidrug-resistant strains in well-established pathogens during the past decade represent a growing public health concern globally. With the current lack of research and development of new antibiotics by large pharmaceutical companies due to poor financial returns, new alternatives need to be explored including natural herbal or plant-based extracts with reported antibacterial properties. Willow herb ( Epilobium angustifolium) preparations have been used in traditional aboriginal and folk medicine preparations externally as an antiphlogistic to treat prostate and gastrointestinal disorders and as an antiseptic to treat infected wounds. The authors hypothesized that a whole plant extract of willow herb would exhibit antimicrobial properties on a variety of both Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in culture. The authors found that, in comparison to growth controls, willow herb extract significantly inhibited the growth of Micrococcus luteus ( p < .01), Staphylococcus aureus ( p < .05), Escherichia coli ( p < .001), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( p < .001). They also found that willow herb extract inhibited the growth of bacteria in culture more effectively than vancomycin ( p < .05) or tetracycline ( p < .004). These results provide preliminary support for the traditional folkloric claim that the plant willow herb possesses antibacterial properties against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Given that whole plant extract was utilized for this study, further investigations are warranted to determine which specific part of the plant (i.e., leaves, stem, roots, and flowers) possess the antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wally J. Bartfay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Bartfay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Green Johnson
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
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EL-Sooud KA, Hashem M, Ramadan A, EL-Aty AA, Awadallaha KY, Gab-Allaha A. Research Strategies for Treatment of Nanobacteria. INSIGHT NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 1:1-8. [DOI: 10.5567/inano-ik.2011.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Liu Z, Wilson-Welder JH, Hostetter JM, Jergens AE, Wannemuehler MJ. Prophylactic treatment with Hypoxis hemerocallidea corm (African potato) methanolic extract ameliorates Brachyspira hyodysenteriae-induced murine typhlocolitis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:222-30. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2009.009269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the causative agent of swine dysentery and induces a characteristic mucosal inflammation resulting in pronounced typhlocolitis in swine and mice. Hypoxis hemerocallidea corm (African potato) is a traditional medicine in southern Africa. An African potato methanolic extract (APME) and one of its major constituents, hypoxoside, have been shown in vitro to possess an anti-inflammatory property. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of APME to prevent or ameliorate B. hyodysenteriae-induced typhlocolitis. Mice were orally treated with APME for seven days prior to B. hyodysenteriae infection and the treatments continued daily for seven days postinfection (DPI). At the termination of the experiment, weight loss, gross and histological lesions, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and intestinal epithelial proliferation were evaluated. In addition, the protein level of activated p65 subunit of nuclear factor- κB (NF- κB) and mRNA expression of NF- κB-associated genes were also measured. APME treatment significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced weight loss, the severity of typhlocolitis, mucosal MPO activity and intestinal epithelial proliferation subsequent to B. hyodysenteriae infection. Mucosal protein levels of active p65 and expression levels of NF- κB-associated genes following B. hyodysenteriae infection were also decreased by the oral treatment with APME. In conclusion, prophylactic treatment with APME ameliorated B. hyodysenteriae-induced typhlocolitis, suggesting H. hemerocallidea corm methanolic extract may have potential for ameliorating enteropathies that are mediated by overactive host inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine
| | | | | | - Albert E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010-3020, USA
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