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Ghasemi S, Bakhtiari F, Rahimi Asl P, Babaloo A, Ghasemi A. Evaluation of the effect of Echium amoenum on pain control after clinical crown lengthening surgery. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2023; 15:56-59. [PMID: 37645557 PMCID: PMC10460778 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2023.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Pain after periodontal surgeries is one of the most common complications. Echium amoenum is among the important therapeutic herbs in Iranian traditional medicine. Various studies have shown its pain control properties. This study aimed to evaluate this herb's efficacy in controlling pain after periodontal surgeries. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 50 patients referred to Tabriz Dental School for clinical crown lengthening surgery were divided into two equal groups: control and test. In the test group (using E. amoenum), 24 hours before surgery, E. amoenum was administered to the patient at home every 12 hours, and a dose of E. amoenum was administered one hour before the procedure. The postoperative pain was assessed using VAS 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 3 hours after the surgery and verbal rating scale (VRS) 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. A chi-square test was used to compare the pain severity between the two groups. Results The VAS index was significantly lower in the E. amoenum group compared to the control group (30 minutes, 1 hour, and 3 hours after the procedure) (P<0.05). In both groups, pain severity increased significantly up to 3 hours postoperatively (P<0.05). In the first 24 hours, the VRS index of the E. amoenum group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), with no significant differences between the two groups at 48 and 72 hours (P>0.05). Conclusion The E. amoenum herb reduced the pain severity after clinical crown lengthening surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Ghasemi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bakhtiari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pariya Rahimi Asl
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Babaloo
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atieh Ghasemi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Zarei MH, Farzan M, Dehkordi ES, Lorigooini Z, Moradi MT. The effect of infusion time on Echium amoenum extract -induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Toxicon 2023; 229:107133. [PMID: 37127122 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Echium amoenum is an annual herb native to the northern mountains of Iran which has medicinal application. Petals of Echium amoenum (Gole-Gavzaban) is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in Iranian folk medicine. The dry petals of E. amoenum have long been used as a sedative, tonic, anxiolytic and as a treatment for sore throat, cough and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that petals of E. amoenum contain four toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids but conflicting results have been acquired in experimental studies investigating the hepatotoxicy of E. amoenum. However, the direct effect of E. amoenum on liver cells and the complete mechanisms of its possible cytotoxic effects toward these cells remain to be defined. The main aim of this study was to assay the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of E. amoenum toward hepG2 cells. E. amoenum extract was obtained by infusion of dried petals in hot water (90 centigrade) for 15 or 30 min. Cell viability and mechanistic parameters were determined following 12 h incubation of hepG2 with E. amoenum extract that was obtained after 15 or 30 min infusion. The results indicated that E. amoenum extract exerts cytotoxic effects on hepG2 cells, probably through mitochondrial and lysosomal damage induced by glutathione depletion and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Zarei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mahour Farzan
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Soleiman Dehkordi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Moradi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Firoznezhad M, Abi-Rached R, Fulgheri F, Aroffu M, Leyva-Jiménez FJ, de la Luz Cádiz Gurrea M, Meloni MC, Corrias F, Escribano-Ferrer E, Peris JE, Manca ML, Manconi M. Design and in vitro effectiveness evaluation of Echium amoenum extract loaded in bioadhesive phospholipid vesicles tailored for mucosal delivery. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122650. [PMID: 36716832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Echium amoenum Fisch. and C.A. Mey. (E. amoenum) is an herb native from Iranian shrub, and its blue-violet flowers are traditionally used as medical plants. In the present study, an antioxidant phytocomplex was extracted from the flowers of E. amoenum by ultrasounds-assisted hydroalcoholic maceration. The main components, contained in the extract, have been detected using HPLC-DAD, and rosmarinic acid was found to be the most abundant. The antioxidant power of the extract along with the phenolic content were measured using colorimetric assays. The extract was loaded in liposomes, which were enriched adding different bioadhesive polymers (i.e., mucin, xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt) individually or in combination. The main physico-chemical properties (i.e. size, size distribution, surface charge) of the prepared vesicles were measured as well as their stability on storage. The viscosity of dispersion and the ability of vesicles to interact with mucus were evaluated measuring their stability in a mucin dispersion and mobility in a mucin film. The biocompatibility and the ability of the formulations to protect keratinocytes from damages caused by hydrogen peroxide and to promote the cell migration were measured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Firoznezhad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rita Abi-Rached
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Fulgheri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matteo Aroffu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; NanoBioCel Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), Area of Food Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo Jose Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Meloni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Corrias
- Food Toxicology Unit, Department of Life and Environmental Science, University Campus of Monserrato, University of Cagliari, SS 554, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josè Esteban Peris
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Noras MR, Soltanifar A, Salari R, Jarahi L, Abrishami MH. Comparing the effects of a herbal drug based on Echium Amoenum with fluvoxamine in the treatment of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e240622206368. [PMID: 35748547 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220624093416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe and debilitating neuropsychiatric condition. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and cognitive-behavioral therapy are the first-line medication and treatment for OCD, an estimated 30% of patients are treatment-resistant, and complete functional recovery is rare. Natural products as adjuvant or alternative therapies should be examined to find safer and more effective ways to manage OCD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential benefits of a combined herbal drug based on Echium amoenum in the treatment of OCD. METHODS Design and Setting: In the psychiatric clinics of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 40 patients who met the criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder based on DSM-5 were studied in a parallel double-blind randomized clinical trial. INTERVENTION Subjects were randomly assigned to receive Echium amoenum-Melissa officinalis syrup and fluvoxamine or placebo syrup and fluvoxamine for 8 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES The efficacy of treatment and recurrence of disease were surveyed and compared according to Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale at weeks 0, 4, and 8. RESULTS Evaluation at the 4th and 8th week showed no significant differences between the two groups (p-value = 0.11, p-value = 0.445, respectively). At the 8th week of treatment, patients in the intervention group showed a remarkable reduction in scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale questionnaire (p- value= 0.003), and patients in the control group didn't ((p- value= 0.180).This study showed that the E.amoneum-M.officinalis syrup was not significantly more efficacious than fluvoxamine tablet, but the intervention group showed a significant improving trend (p-value= 0.001). CONCLUSION While monotherapy is usually the gold standard methodology, combination or augmentation therapy may also be of merit. Consequently, studies with larger sample sizes and the inclusion of para-clinical assessments such as serologic tests can further shed light on the mechanism of action of the E.amoneum- M.officinalis syrup and deepen our understanding of its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Reza Noras
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Soltanifar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roshanak Salari
- Department of Clinical Persian Pharmacy, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseini Abrishami
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Conceição de Souza M, Hubner JT, Gonçalves GM, Ferreira da Costa Fernandes T, Laureano-Melo R, da Silva Côrtes W, Gonçalves L, de Assis da Silva F, Marinho BG. Topical and systemic use of Joannesia princeps vell. LC seed oil in acute pain and inflammation induced by different agents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113554. [PMID: 33152426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Joannesia princeps (SOJP) has been used in folk medicine as anthelmintic treatment and cutaneous wound healing. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pharmacological activity of seed oil of Joannesia princeps, administered systemically and topically, on acute pain and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male swiss mice were treated orally and topically with seed oil of Joannesia princeps in models of acute pain (acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin-induced licking behaviour and tail flick tests) and acute inflammation (carrageenan- and histamine-induced paw oedema; arachidonic acid-, capsaicin- and croton oil-induced ear oedema and air pouch tests), besides the open field model in the motor performance evaluation. RESULTS Seed oil of Joannesia princeps showed systemic action against acute pain in abdominal writhing test (37% and 56% inhibition in the number of writhes at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) and in the second phase of formalin-induced licking behaviour test (29%, 47 and 52% inhibition in the licking time at doses of 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, respectively), as well as reducing croton oil-induced ear oedema by 72%, leukocyte recruitment and production of TNF-α and IL-6 in the air pouch tests. In addition, topical administration of SOJP inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema by 39% at dose of 500 μg/paw and inhibited histamine-induced oedema by 43 and 52% at doses of 300 and 500 μg/paw, respectively. SOJP also decreased croton oil-induced ear oedema by 67% at dose of 500 μg/paw and arachidonic acid-induced ear oedema by 63% at dose of 500 μg/paw, reducing the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and MIP2 in both. In addition, no adverse effects were observed at doses up to 2000 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS Seed oil of Joannesia princeps presents antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions through its topical and systemic administration, promoted by inhibition of leukocyte recruitment and cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MIP-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Conceição de Souza
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Jhones Trindade Hubner
- Department of Chemistry, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Mastrangelo Gonçalves
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Roberto Laureano-Melo
- Behavioral Physiopharmacology Laboratory, Barra Mansa Center University, Barra Mansa, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Wellington da Silva Côrtes
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lenicio Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Biology, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruno Guimarães Marinho
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Hasheminasab FS, Sharififar F, Hashemi SM, Setayesh M. An Evidence-Based Research on Botanical Sources for Oral Mucositis Treatment in Traditional Persian Medicine. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:225-234. [PMID: 32013832 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200203110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases associated with heavy complications in treatment. Mucotoxic cancer therapies such as head and neck radiotherapy and some of the chemotherapy agents may lead to oral mucositis. In addition to its economic consequences, mucositis also affects patients' quality of life. In Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) manuscripts, several medicaments have been suggested for the treatment of mucositis. OBJECTIVE Considering the public welcome for herbal medicine, the current evidence-based review study is conducted to investigate the herbal remedies which have been proposed for oral mucositis in TPM. METHODS At first, a comprehensive survey was done on Qanon fi al-Teb, which is the most important textbook of TPM; then the scientific name of the herbs was authenticated according to the botanical textbooks. At last, data banks including Scopus, Pubmed, Web of science and Science direct were investigated for possible relevant properties of each medicinal plant in the literature. RESULTS In total, 30 herbs are introduced in this study. According to the registered documents, 18 herbs are reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-nociceptive and wound healing properties of which the therapeutic effect of only a few herbs including Glycyrrhiza glabra, Malva sylvestris, Morus nigra, Punica granatum, and Solanum nigrum were directly evaluated against oral mucositis on the literature. CONCLUSION Despite the lack of human studies on mucositis for the other discussed herbs, their related pharmacological properties can be considered for new natural drug discovery supported by medieval and traditional experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Hashemi
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Ali-ebne Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Setayesh
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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A Novel Optimization Algorithm for Echium amoenum Petals Drying. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel multi-objective optimization algorithm was developed, which was successfully applied in the drying process. The effect of drying parameters (air velocity (vd), drying temperature (Td)) on the energy consumption (EC) and the quality parameters of Echium amoenum petals in fluidized drying were experimentally studied. The following quality parameters were examined: the color difference, the bioactive compounds as losses of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and losses of phenolic (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and anthocyanin (A). The six optimization objectives included simultaneous minimization of the quality parameters and energy consumption. The objective functions represent relationships between process variables and optimization objectives. The relations were approximated using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The Pareto optimal set with a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm was developed. No unequivocal solution to the optimization problem was found. Cannot be obtained E. amoenum petals characterized a low color change at low energy consumption due to its fluidized drying. Unique Pareto optimal solutions were found: Td = 54 °C and vd = 1.0 m/s–for the strategy in which the lower losses of TAC, TFC and A are most important, and Td = 59.8 °C and vd = 0.52 m/s–for the strategy in which the lower losses of TPC and TFC are important with accepted EC values. The results of this research are essential for the improvement of industrial dehydration of E. amoenum petals in order to maintain their high content of bioactive compounds with low energy consumption and low colour change
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Ramezani M, Amiri MS, Zibaee E, Boghrati Z, Ayati Z, Sahebkar A, Emami SA. A Review on the Phytochemistry, Ethnobotanical Uses and Pharmacology of Borago Species. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:110-128. [PMID: 31840597 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191216152733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Borago L., (family Boraginaceae) is a small genus of annual or perennial herbs with branched flowers, which is commonly found in the Mediterranean region. Some species known as Gavzabȃn in Asian and some African countries are traditionally used instead of Borago. Aims of the review: The purpose of this study was to provide comprehensive scientific information on phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacological activities of Borago species to provide an insight into further research on the therapeutic potential of these plants. In many studies, it has been shown that different parts of Borago species, including leaves, flowers, seeds, roots and aerial parts possess numerous ethnobotanical values. MATERIALS AND METHODS All ethnobotanical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and clinical data were collected from online journals, magazines and books (all of which were published in English, Arabic, and Persian) from 1968 to 2018. Electronic databases such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Researchgate, and other online collections were used. RESULTS The phytochemical studies on five species showed a wide range of phytochemicals belonging to different classes of secondary metabolites. From a pharmacological point of view, different extracts and fractions, essential oils, and pure compounds isolated from various Borago species have shown diverse activities in in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies confirming various traditional uses of Borago genus. CONCLUSION Considering the reported activities of the Borago genus both in traditional and modern medicine, further studies on biological aspects and identification of the mechanism of action for drug discovery are highly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Elaheh Zibaee
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Boghrati
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Ayati
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed A Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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The role of hippocampal GABA A receptors on anxiolytic effects of Echium amoenum extract in a mice model of restraint stress. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6487-6496. [PMID: 32778988 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Echium amoenum (EA), a popular medicinal plant in Persian medicine, has anxiolytic, antioxidant, sedative, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study examined whether GABA-ergic signaling is involved in the anxiolytic effects of EA in mice. Sixty BALB/c mice (25-30 g) were divided into six groups (n = 10) as follows: the (I) control group received 10 ml/kg normal saline (NS). In the stress groups, the animals underwent 14 consecutive days of restraint stress (RS), and received following treatments simultaneously; (II) RS + NS; (III) RS + Diaz (Diazepam); (IV) RS + EA; (V) RS + Flu (Flumazenil) + EA; (VI) RS + Flu + Diaz. Behavioral tests including the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were performed to evaluate anxiety-like behaviors and the effects of the regimens. The plasma level of corticosterone and the hippocampal protein expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, CREB, and BDNF, as well as p-GABAA/GABAA ratio, were also assessed. The findings revealed that chronic administration of EA alone produced anxiolytic effects in both behavioral tests, while diazepam alone or in combination with Flu failed to decrease the anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, the p-GABAA/GABAA and p-CREB/CREB ratios, and protein levels of BDNF were significantly increased in the EA-received group. On the other hand, plasma corticosterone levels and the hippocampal IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased by EA. However, pre-treatment with GABAA receptors (GABAA Rs) antagonist, Flu, reversed the anxiolytic and molecular effects of EA in the RS-subjected animals. Our findings confirmed that alternation of GABAAR is involved in the effects of EA against RS-induced anxiety-like behaviors, HPA axis activation, and neuroinflammation.
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Jin J, Boersch M, Nagarajan A, Davey AK, Zunk M. Antioxidant Properties and Reported Ethnomedicinal Use of the Genus Echium (Boraginaceae). Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E722. [PMID: 32784832 PMCID: PMC7466025 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Echium L. from the Boraginaceae family consists of 67 recognised species. The genus is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, having been documented in the traditional medicine of the area since 300 B.C. Current pharmacological studies have validated early ethnomedicinal properties showing that Echium spp. possesses antioxidant, analgesic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. Nevertheless, only limited papers report specifically on the phytochemistry of this genus. Furthermore, the potential of utilising extracts from Echium species as natural antioxidant preparations has been significantly neglected. For the first time, this review comprehensively describes and discusses the presence of recorded Echium species with ethnomedicinal uses, their antioxidative properties in vitro and in vivo when available, and major phytochemical components recognised as potent antioxidants, as well as the possibilities and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222 Queensland, Australia; (J.J.); (A.N.); (M.B.); (A.K.D.)
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222 Queensland, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222 Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Boersch
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222 Queensland, Australia; (J.J.); (A.N.); (M.B.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Akshaya Nagarajan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222 Queensland, Australia; (J.J.); (A.N.); (M.B.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Andrew K. Davey
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222 Queensland, Australia; (J.J.); (A.N.); (M.B.); (A.K.D.)
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222 Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Zunk
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222 Queensland, Australia; (J.J.); (A.N.); (M.B.); (A.K.D.)
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222 Queensland, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222 Queensland, Australia
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Abbasi Larki R, Zayerzadeh E, Harzandi N, Anissian A. Protective Effects of Echium amoenum on Oxidative Stress and Gene Expression Induced by Permethrin in Wistar Rats. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2020; 20. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: Echium amoenum (E. amoenum), as one of the most popular plants in Iran, is traditionally used to treat different types of disorders. Objectives: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of E. amoenum on permethrin (PMN)-induced oxidative stress in rats and to determine the cytoprotective effect of E. amoenum on PMN in SK-Hep-1 cells. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups, including the control (normal saline), orally treated PMN (125 mg/kg of PMN), E. amoenum (100 mg/kg), and E. amoenum + PMN groups for 28 days. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as the expression of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were measured in the liver of all rats. Also, the cytoprotective effect of E. amoenum against PMN was evaluated in the treated SK-Hep-1 cells. Results: The results indicated that LPO increased significantly in the PMN-treated group, as evidenced by the high concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Alterations of the antioxidant system were also confirmed by the significant decline in CAT and GPx activities (2.9 ± 0.14 and 0.5 ± 0.03, respectively; P < 0.05) and the significant downregulation of CAT (0.4 ± 0.02 folds) and GPx (0.3 ± 0.01 folds) mRNA expression in the liver (P < 0.05). PMN also stimulated significant changes in hepatic biomarkers and induced pathological changes in the liver. On the other hand, administration of E. amoenum significantly reduced abnormalities in biochemical markers, LPO, antioxidant enzymes, gene expression, and pathological complications induced by PMN (P < 0.05). E. amoenum also exhibited cytoprotective effects against cytotoxicity induced by PMN in SK-Hep-1 cells. Conclusions: The present results demonstrated that E. amoenum has significant antioxidant, gene-regulating, and cytoprotective effects.
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Evaluation of Antidepressant, Antianxiolytic, and Antioxidant Effects of Echium amoenum L. Extract on Social Isolation Stress of Male Mice. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.97593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nguyen T, Chen X, Chai J, Li R, Han X, Chen X, Liu S, Chen M, Xu X. Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Periplaneta americana extract and underlying mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109753. [PMID: 31865148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periplaneta americana is a common traditional Chinese medicinal material which has been used to treat arthritis, fever, aches, pains, and inflammation of the extremities for several hundred years. However, little scientific data exists in literature to support its use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Periplaneta americana extract (PAE) and explore its underlying mechanism. The antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated by LPS-induced fever, carrageenan-induced paw edema, abdominal writhing, hot plate and formalin tests, respectively. The mechanism of action was explored by antioxidant activity analysis, inflammatory cytokines expression and febrile mediator measurement, and pathway activation analysis. The results from UHPLC-HRMS indicated that the extract was found to contain dopamine, coumarin, dipeptide, vitamin, organic acid, amino acid and its metabolites, and other organic compounds. PAE showed in a dose-dependent manner antioxidant activity and reduced the protein production and mRNA expression of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Moreover, PAE significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the writhing responses and licking time in formalin tests, increased response latency in the hot plate test, reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema and inflammation in mice, decreased LPS-induced rT increase in rats. Furthermore, PAE treatment markedly inhibited the increase in the levels of NO, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE2 and cAMP in plasma of fevered rat, greatly suppressed the activation of inflammatory response pathway and the change of MDA and GSH concentration, MPO and SOD activity as well as FRAP capacity in paw induced by carrageenan injection. In conclusion, the findings suggested that PAE produced potential antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects by reducing production of endogenous inflammatory mediators and blocking the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway which support the claim for its traditional use in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienthanh Nguyen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Nouri M, Farajdokht F, Torbati M, Ranjbar F, Hamedyazdan S, Araj-khodaei M, Sadigh-Eteghad S. A Close Look at Echium amoenum Processing, Neuroactive Components, and Effects on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1559. [PMID: 34466529 PMCID: PMC8343809 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological researches in the area of herbal medicine have considerably increased over the last two centuries. Echium amoenum (known as Gol-e-Gavzaban in Persian) is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in Iranian folk medicine. In this review, databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up. Data collecting was completed by January 2019 and available scientific reports regarding the processing methods, main chemical constituents, and effects of E. amoenum on different neuropsychiatric disorders are summarized. Thirteen five studies met the inclusion criteria. According to results, the important phytochemicals of the plant was phenolic compounds, fatty acids, rosmarinic acid, anthocyanidins, and flavonoids. Also, experimental and clinical studies demonstrated the effectiveness of E. amoenum in the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, ischemic stroke, seizure, Alzheimer's disease, and pain. Many of these effects are, at least in part, due to its rosmarinic acid or polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids and natural pigments such as anthocyanins. Also, fatty acids such as gamma-linolenic acid play critical role in neuroactive properties of this herb. Among these effects, only the antidepressant and anxiolytic properties of the plant extract have been examined both experimentally and clinically. There was some controversy over its toxicity effects. It seems that E. amoenum protects neurons via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as blocking of apoptosis in the nervous system. However, more studies are necessary for assessing exact mechanisms of action in neuropsychiatric disorders, finding of bioactive ingredients, and processing methods of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nouri
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ranjbar
- Psychiatry Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Hamedyazdan
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Araj-khodaei
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Rabiei Z, Setorki M. Effect of hydroalcoholic Echium amoenum extract on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:672-677. [PMID: 31070534 PMCID: PMC6292346 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1543330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, causes memory loss that resembles Alzheimer's disease (AD). Echium amoenum L. (Boraginaceae) is a famous medicinal plant of Iran that is traditionally used as a sedative and mood enhancer. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of E. amoenum flowers on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Control group received normal saline, model group received scopolamine (0.7 mg/kg, IP, daily for 21 days), and test groups received E. amoenum extract (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg, IP, daily for 21 days) 30 min before each scopolamine injection. The elevated plus maze (EPM), shuttle box, novel object and rotarod tests were performed after treatment. Brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TCA) were also determined. RESULTS Scopolamine-treated rats spent more time exploring the novel object compared to the control, and E. amoenum extract at all three doses significantly decreased the time spent exploring the novel object (p < 0.05). E. amoenum extract (75 and 100 mg/kg) significantly elongated the secondary latency in rats receiving scopolamine in the shuttle box test (p < 0.05). In addition, treatment with 75 and 100 mg/kg doses of E. amoenum extract significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced motor in coordination in rotarod test (p < 0.05). It also significantly increased the time spent in the open arms and reduced the time spent in the closed arms of EPM (p < 0.05). Treatment of scopolamine-exposed rats with E. amoenum extract significantly increased TCA and reduced MDA level of brain (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS E. amoenum extract shows protective effect against scopolamine-induced impairment and is suggested to be tested in clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rabiei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahbubeh Setorki
- Department of Biology, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran
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Eruygur N. A Simple Isocratic High-perfomance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Shikonin Derivatives in Some Echium Species Growing Wild in Turkey. Turk J Pharm Sci 2018; 15:38-43. [PMID: 32454638 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.40316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Dried roots of Echium species are used in Turkey for the treatment of wounds, inflammation, and depression. In this study, an reversed-phase-liquid chromatographic method with isocratic elution was developed to determine shikonin derivatives in Echium species. Materials and Methods The chromatographic separation and quantification was performed on a C18 column (ACE, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1 M acetic acid (70: 30, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and ultraviolet detection at 520 nm. Results Linear behavior was observed over the investigated concentration range (2-500 ppm) for all analytes, with a correlation coefficient of >0.998. The proposed method was found to be specific and precise for the quantification of shikonin derivatives in Echium species. Conclusion The highest content of shikonin derivatives was observed in E. italicum L. compared with the other species studied herein, advocating the use of E. italicum L. roots as an alternate source for shikonin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuraniye Eruygur
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas; Selcuk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Konya, Turkey
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Shojaii A, Azizi H, Ghafari S, Ghods R, Salmanian M, Ghafarzadeh J. A review study on pharmacological activities, chemical constituents, and traditional uses of Echium amoenum. Pharmacogn Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_13_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Oliveira RP, Demuner AJ, Alvarenga ES, Barbosa LCA, de Melo Silva T. A novel alkaloid isolated from Crotalaria paulina and identified by NMR and DFT calculations. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Naseri N, Kalantar K, Amirghofran Z. Anti-inflammatory activity of Echium amoenum extract on macrophages mediated by inhibition of inflammatory mediators and cytokines expression. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:73-81. [PMID: 29387114 PMCID: PMC5772084 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.220970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Echium amoenum (Boraginaceae) is an important remedy used for various illnesses. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of E. amoenum in the J774.1A macrophage cell line. We prepared ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and hexane extracts from E. amoenum flowers and examined their possible cytotoxic effects using MTT assay. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages were treated with the extracts after which we measured nitric oxide (NO) production by Griess method. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 gene expressions were examined by real time-PCR. IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The hexane extract with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 39.8 μg/mL most effectively reduced NO production. Real time-PCR analysis indicated reduced levels of iNOS ((0.05 ± 0.006 relative fold change (RFC)) and COX2 (0.06 ± 0.002 RFC) gene expressions with the 100 μg/mL hexane extract (P < 0.001). IL1-β, TNF-α, and IL-6 gene expression levels decreased at all concentrations of the extract (less than ≈ 0.28 RFC). Treatment of LPS-stimulated cells with 100 μg/mL of the extract reduced IL-1β secretion to 27.9 ± 0.21 pg/mL and IL-6 to 555 ± 166 pg/mL. In conclusion, E. amoenum hexane extract showed the greatest reduction in macrophage NO secretion compared to other extracts. This extract could modulate the inflammatory mode of the macrophages by causing reductions in iNOS and COX2 enzymes as well as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokine levels. The results of this study have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of this plant. Further studies regarding its therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Naseri
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.,Autoimmune Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
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Benamar H, Tomassini L, Venditti A, Marouf A, Bennaceur M, Serafini M, Nicoletti M. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Echium confusum Coincy. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1277-1285. [PMID: 27748125 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1242000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Four pyrrolizidine alkaloids, namely 7-O-angeloyllycopsamine N-oxide 1, echimidine N-oxide 2, echimidine 3 and 7-O-angeloylretronecine 4, were isolated for the first time from the whole plant ethanolic extract of Echium confusum Coincy, through bioassay-guided approach. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means. All the isolates compounds showed moderate activities in inhibiting AChE, with IC50 0.276-0.769.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houari Benamar
- a Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Natural Products, Department of Biology , University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella , Oran , Algeria.,b Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Department of Biology , University of Mostaganem Abdelhamid Ibn Badis , Mostaganem , Algeria
| | - Lamberto Tomassini
- c Department of Environmental Biology , University "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Venditti
- c Department of Environmental Biology , University "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Abderrazak Marouf
- a Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Natural Products, Department of Biology , University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella , Oran , Algeria.,d Department of Natural Sciences and Life , Institute of Science and Technology, Ctr Univ Naama , Naama , Algeria
| | - Malika Bennaceur
- a Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Natural Products, Department of Biology , University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella , Oran , Algeria.,e Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Arid Areas , University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Mauro Serafini
- c Department of Environmental Biology , University "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- c Department of Environmental Biology , University "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
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Eruygur N, Yılmaz G, Kutsal O, Yücel G, Üstün O. Bioassay-guided isolation of wound healing active compounds from Echium species growing in Turkey. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:370-6. [PMID: 26947902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots and root barks of Echium sp. have been used to treat ulcers, burns and wounds in traditional Turkish medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY On the basis of them traditional use and literature references, four Echium species were selected for evaluation of them wound healing potential. Isolation of active component(s) from the active extracts through the bioassay guided fractionation procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vivo the wound healing activity of the plants was evaluated by linear incision experimental models. The chloroform extract of Echium italicum L. was fractionated by successive chromatographic techniques. Wound healing activity of each fraction was investigated following the bioassay-guided fractionation procedures. Moreover, the tissue samples of isolated compounds were examined histopathologically. The healing potential was comparatively assessed with a reference ointment Madecassol®, which contains 1% extract of Centella asiatica. RESULTS Significant wound healing activity was observed from the ointment prepared with ethanol extract at 1% concentration. The ethanol root extract treated in groups of animals showed a significant increase (37.38%, 40.97% and 35.29% separately for E. italicum L, Echium vulgare L. and Echium angustifolium Miller) wound tensile strength in the incision wound model. Subfractions showed significant but reduced wound healing activity on in vivo wound models. Shikonin derivatives "Acetylshikonin", "Deoxyshikonin" and "2-methyl-n-butyrylshikonin+Isovalerylshikonin", were isolated and determined as active components of active final subfraction from E. italicum L. roots. The results of histopathological examination supported the outcome of linear incision wound models. CONCLUSION The experimental study revealed that Echium species display remarkable wound healing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuraniye Eruygur
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas Center, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Gülderen Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandoğan, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Osman Kutsal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ankara University, Dışkapı, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Gözde Yücel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ankara University, Dışkapı, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Osman Üstün
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara 06330, Turkey.
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Hamedi S, Sadeghpour O, Shamsardekani MR, Amin G, Hajighasemali D, Feyzabadi Z. The Most Common Herbs to Cure the Most Common Oral Disease: Stomatitis Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer (RAU). IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e21694. [PMID: 27186385 PMCID: PMC4867162 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.21694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is an oral disease and the most common oral lesion, with 2% to 66% of the world's population infected annually. Its prevalence is about 25% in Tehran and 27.6% in Mashhad. The etiology of RAU is multifactorial. Aphthous risk factors include: immunological factors, psychological factors, stress, trauma, sensitivity, family history, blood disorders, malnutrition, and use of certain medications, It should be noted that the best treatment for RAU is the topical application of drugs. The use of topical treatments is recommended not only because the drug can directly impact the source of the disease, but also systemic side effects of the drug are reduced. Treatment of RAU has been considered in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), and is covered in therapeutic books. The use of herbs in RAU has a centuries-old history; accordingly, extensive research should be conducted for this treatment of the disease. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Iranian medical sources were reviewed and effective plants used in the traditional treatment of RAU were found and compared with new findings. Finally, we have created a table listing the plants that are part of the therapeutic protocol for RAU. RESULTS Based on this article we can explain some of traditional pharmacological effects of plants and how these plants can be a source for a cure. CONCLUSIONS The plants listed can be used as a prediction of RAU management. Of course, there are is no evidence for curing RAU by some of these plants in allopathic medicine, and the further investigations in this area could lead to the discovery of a new drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouhsadat Hamedi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghpour
- Herbal Medicine Department, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Omid Sadeghpour, Herbal Medicine Department, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2133950154, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Reza Shamsardekani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Gholamreza Amin
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Dawood Hajighasemali
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Feyzabadi
- School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
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Asadollahi F, Mehrzad J, Chaichi MJ, Taghavi Razavizadeh A. Photoimmunological properties of borage in bovine neutrophil in vitro model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 151:270-5. [PMID: 26334939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Borage (Echium amoenum fisch) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants, and has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine for many (non)infectious diseases in Iran. Study on photoredox and photoimmunology of borage is little. Natural immunomodulatory plants with minimal adverse/toxic effects could help boost animal health and, ultimately, public health. To determine the effect of borage on the functions of key circulating innate immune cells, effects of borage extract (BE) on bovine neutrophils (PMN) photoredox and phagocytosis events were evaluated using an in vitro model system. Blood PMN isolated from healthy high yielding dairy cows (n = 8/treatment) were pre-incubated with BE and the impact on phagocytosis-dependent-and-independent cellular chemiluminescence (CL), phagocytosis, killing of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), fluorescence-based PMN H2O2 production and necrosis were assessed. Relative to control (no BE) PMN, treatment with BE significantly increased phagocytosis-dependent-and-independent PMN CL (>10-15% increase). While BE also led to increased PMN H2O2 production, necrosis was also surprisingly higher in these cells. Phagocytosis and killing of both E. coli and S. aureus by PMN treated with BE was substantially higher than that by control PMN. The increased photoimmunobiological events especially intracellular CL, intracellular H2O2 formation, and phagocytic capacity of BE-treated PMN support the potential immunotherapeutic implications of borage and its components for particularly immunocompromised animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Asadollahi
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Alireza Taghavi Razavizadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Safaeian L, Tameh AA, Ghannadi A, Naghani EA, Tavazoei H, Alavi SS. Protective effects of Echium amoenum Fisch. and C.A. Mey. against cerebral ischemia in the rats. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:107. [PMID: 26261809 PMCID: PMC4513330 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.157809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Echium amoenum total anthocyanin extract (ETAE) on partial/transient cerebral ischemia in the rats. Materials and Methods: Rats received ETAE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before the induction of cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) for 30 min, followed by 72 h reperfusion. The neurological deficit, brain performance, and sensory motor function were assessed 48 h and 72 h after surgery. After sacrification, the brains were evaluated for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and histopathological changes. Results: Our results showed that motor function significantly decreased in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group as compared to the sham group. Histopathological analysis exhibited the shrinkage and atrophy of the neurons in I/R group. ETAE at the dose of 200 mg/kg improved spontaneous activity and memory induced by cerebral ischemia compared to the control group and also decreased brain MPO activity following cerebral ischemia. However, it could not affect the ability to climbing, body proprioception, vibrissae touch and brain water content. In addition, pretreatment with ETAE at higher doses significantly reduced ischemia-induced neuronal loss of the brain. Conclusion: The anthocyanin rich fraction from E. amoenum was found to have protective effects against some brain damages postischemic reperfusion. However, further researches are required for investigating the exact mechanisms of the effect of this plant in the prevention of cerebral ischemia in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Azami Tameh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomical Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghannadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elmira Akbari Naghani
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Tavazoei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
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Saeidnia S, Abdollahi M. Toxicological and pharmacological concerns on oxidative stress and related diseases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:442-55. [PMID: 24121054 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical are generated as the natural byproduct of normal oxygen metabolism, they can create oxidative damage via interaction with bio-molecules. The role of oxidative stress as a remarkable upstream part is frequently reported in the signaling cascade of inflammation as well as chemo attractant production. Even though hydrogen peroxide can control cell signaling and stimulate cell proliferation at low levels, in higher concentrations it can initiate apoptosis and in very high levels may create necrosis. So far, the role of ROS in cellular damage and death is well documented with implicating in a broad range of degenerative alterations e.g. carcinogenesis, aging and other oxidative stress related diseases (OSRDs). Reversely, it is cleared that antioxidants are potentially able to suppress (at least in part) the immune system and to enhance the normal cellular protective responses to tissue damage. In this review, we aimed to provide insights on diverse OSRDs, which are correlated with the concept of oxidative stress as well as its cellular effects that can be inhibited by antioxidants. Resveratrol, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, statins, nebivolol and carvedilol, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, and plant-derived drugs (alone or combined) are the potential medicines that can be used to control OSRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Saeidnia
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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The use of endemic Iranian plant, Echium amoenum, against the ethyl methanesulfonate and the recovery of mutagenic effects. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 31:44-51. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712468019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, potential genotoxic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) that caused mutagenicity in a variety of organisms were tried to resolve by the methanol and chloroform extract of Echium amoenum (EAmet and EAchl) Fisch. & C.A. Mey. from the family of Boraginaceae, which is an endemic plant, and is used as an alternative treatment among public in Iran. Somatic mutation and recombination test with Drosophila wing was used to determine the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects in our investigations. For this purpose, 3-day-old transheterozygous larvae of mwh/flr3 genotype of Drosophila melanogaster were used in all our experiments. The larvae were fed chronically on the Drosophila instant medium (DIM) including 1 ppm EMS. However, in another application group, different concentrations (1, 2 and 4 ppm) of EAmet and EAchl were added to DIM including 1 ppm EMS (EMS + EAmet and EMS + EAchl). Then, for the matured individuals, wing preparates were prepared within the mediums that include control group that has only DIM, negative control group that contains dimethyl sulfoxide and application groups in different concentrations that contain EMS, EMS + EAmet and EMS + EAchl. Clone induction frequency for the normal wing phenotype of EMS application group was observed to be 2.00. In the EMS + EAmet application group, the value of 1 ppm EAmet is 1.49, value of 2 ppm EAmet is 1.08 and value of 4 ppm EAmet is 0.72; in the EMS + EAchl application group, the value of 1 ppm is EAchl 1.33, value of 2 ppm EAchl is 0.67 and value of 4 ppm EAchl is 0.56 were determined. This decrease observed between EMS and all application groups in terms of total induction frequency is statistically significant ( p < 0.05). These results concluded that chloroform extracts were more effective than the methanol extracts of E. amoenum.
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Abed A, Minaiyan M, Ghannadi A, Mahzouni P, Babavalian MR. Effect of Echium amoenum Fisch. et Mey a Traditional Iranian Herbal Remedy in an Experimental Model of Acute Pancreatitis. ISRN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2012; 2012:141548. [PMID: 23008778 PMCID: PMC3449129 DOI: 10.5402/2012/141548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a morbid inflammatory condition of pancreas with limited specific therapy. Enhanced oxidative stress plays an important role in induction and progression of acute pancreatitis. So reducing oxidative stress may relieve this pathogenic process. Echium amoenum Fisch. and Mey has been implemented in Iranian folk medicine for several centuries. Antioxidant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, and anxiolytic properties of E. amoenum suggest that this plant may have beneficial effects in the management of acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of petals of E. amoenum extract (EAE) on a murine model of pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced by five intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cerulein (50 μg/kg) with 1h intervals which was characterized by pancreatic inflammation and increase in the serum level of digestive enzymes, in comparison to normal mice. EAE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) was administered i.p., 30 minutes before induction of pancreatitis. Pretreatment with EAE (400 mg/kg) reduced significantly the inflammatory response of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis by ameliorating pancreatic edema, amylase and lipase serum levels, proinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation and pathological alteration. These results show that EAE attenuates the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis with an anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8146-73461, Iran
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28
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Farag AA, Abd-Alrahman SN, Ahmed GF, Ammar RM, Ammar YA, Abbas SY. Synthesis of Some Azoles Incorporating a Sulfonamide Moiety as Anticonvulsant Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2012; 345:703-12. [PMID: 22696252 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Awatef A Farag
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Hosseini N, Abolhassani M. Immunomodulatory properties of borage (Echium amoenum) on BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. J Clin Immunol 2011; 31:465-71. [PMID: 21225450 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-010-9502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is caused by parasitic protozoa transmitted by the bite of a female sand fly and is currently endemic in 88 countries. BALB/c mice are highly susceptible to the infection with the parasite Leishmania major, and this susceptibility has been attributed, in part, to the expansion of Th2 cells, production of their cytokines, and downregulation of Th1 cytokine, interferon gamma (IFN-γ). In this report, we used both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Iranian borage (Echium amoenum Fisch & C.A. Mey) for treatment of L. major infection in BALB/c mice. We found that both extracts had immunomodulatory properties and increased the level of IFN-γ and lowered the parasite burden in the proximal lymph nodes and prevented the necrosis of the footpad as compared with the untreated infected mice. These results may provide a basis for further studies directed toward the use of the Iranian borage against L. major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Hosseini
- Hybridoma Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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Heidari MR, Foroumadi A, Amirabadi A, Samzadeh-Kermani A, Azimzadeh BS, Eskandarizadeh A. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of a novel rigid 3, 4-dihydroxy chalcone in mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1171:399-406. [PMID: 19723082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There have been many reports indicating the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 3,4-dihydroxychalcones. We have designed and synthesized a rigid 3,4-dihydroxychalcone (RDHC) as a possible drug effecting inflammation and nociception. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by formalin and hot-plate tests, respectively. The results showed that RDHC induced significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects (P < 0.01). Maximum analgesia (63.7%) was observed at 37.5 mg/kg in the first phase of the formalin test. The effect of RDHC was higher in the chronic phase (inflammation phase) of the formalin test (86.4%, P < 0.01). In addition, a significant analgesia (maximum possible effect; MPE = 30.1%) was observed in the hot plate test 45 min after injection of 37.5 mg/kg RDHC (P < 0.01). As a result of our findings, this new RDHC could be suggested for further pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Heidari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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31
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Antinociceptive properties of extracts and two flavonoids isolated from leaves ofDanae racemosa. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:1536-42. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02977322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
This paper is the 29th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning 30 years of research. It summarizes papers published during 2006 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurological disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Heidari MR, Mehrabani M, Pardakhty A, Khazaeli P, Zahedi MJ, Yakhchali M, Vahedian M. The Analgesic Effect of Tribulus terrestris Extract and Comparison of Gastric Ulcerogenicity of the Extract with Indomethacine in Animal Experiments. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1095:418-27. [PMID: 17404054 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1397.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris has been used in traditional medicine for relieving rheumatic pain and as an analgesic plant for a long time. In this investigation the analgesic effect of methanolic extract of this plant on male albino mice was evaluated by formalin and tail flick test. Extraction of the fruits of the plant was done by two different methods (suxheletion and percolation) with methanol 80%. The percolated extract was injected intraperitoneally in mice at 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg. The results showed that a dose of 100 mg/kg of percolated extract had the highest significant analgesic effect compared to the control group (P < 0.01) in formalin and tail flick test. There is no significant difference in the analgesic effect of suxheleted and percolated extract. The analgesic effect of the extract was lower than morphine, 2.5 mg/kg in both tests, and higher than ASA 300 mg/kg in chronic phase of pain in formalin test (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of animal with naloxone did not change the analgesia induced by the plant extract in both tests, therefore the involvement of opioid receptor in the analgesic effect of this plant was excluded. The results of ulcerogenic studies indicate that the gastric ulcerogenecity of plant extract is lower than the indomethacin in the rat's stomach. It can therefore be concluded that T. terrestris extract has a suitable analgesic effect and further studies are required to produce a more effective product of this plant to substitute for conventional analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Heidari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman, P.O. Box 76175-493. Iran.
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