1
|
Liu Q, Liu L, Xie L, Zheng L, Xu Q, Li W, Liu X. Screening and evaluation of quality markers of Radix Cudramiae for liver disease based on an integrated strategy of in vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro HPLC fingerprint. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116055. [PMID: 38412792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Radix Cudramiae, the dried root of Cudrania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kudo et Masam., is a valuable ethnomedicine with outstanding antihepatitis activity. However, the lack of reports on quality markers (Q-markers) hindered its quality evaluation and standardization, as a result restricted its clinical application. This paper aimed to discover the Q-markers of Radix Cudramiae with a comprehensive strategy based on in vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro HPLC fingerprint. A rapid and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analytical method was firstly developed and validated for simultaneous determination of six potential active ingredients (eriodictyol, dihydrokaempferol, dihydromorin, kaempferol, naringenin and morin) of Radix Cudramiae in rat plasma and tissues, which was successfully applied to the holistic comparison of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution between normal and acute liver injury rats. On the other hand, a representative HPLC fingerprint of Radix Cudramiae was also established to elucidate the chemical profile for overall quality evaluation. Dihydrokaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucoside (the naturally existed chemical formation of dihydrokaempferol) and kaempferol screened out with high exposure levels in vivo and high resolution in HPLC fingerprint were finally selected as Q-markers of Radix Cudramiae. To the best of our knowledge, it was the first time for people to discover in vivo properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of components in Radix Cudramiae, as well as the first report on its representative HPLC fingerprint. Also, the integrated strategy could offer an effective way for TCMs Q-markers screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Anyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Luyao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lintong Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Linyu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qianwei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang X, Li G, Yang B, Lin D. Protection of schisantherin A against dictamnine-induced hepatotoxicity: Pharmacokinetic insights. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:501-509. [PMID: 37873635 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Dictamnine (DIC), as the most abundant furoquinoline alkaloid ingredient of the herbal medicine Cortex Dictamni (CD), can induce severe liver injury. A previous study found that DIC-induced liver injury was initiated by cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A)-mediated metabolic activation and subsequent formation of adducts with cellular proteins. Schisantherin A (SchA) is the major lignan component of the herbal medicine Schisandra chinensis (SC). SC is frequently combined with CD used in numerous Chinese medicinal formulas for the treatment of eczema and urticaria. Furthermore, SC could protect against CD-induced hepatotoxicity. The objective of the study was to investigate the protective effect of SchA on DIC-induced hepatotoxicity based on pharmacokinetic interactions. The studies found that SchA exerted a protective effect on DIC-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that pretreatment with SchA enhanced the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximal concentration (Cmax ) values of DIC in the serum and liver tissue of mice, indicating that SchA could augment the accumulation of DIC in the circulation. In vitro metabolism assays with mouse liver microsomes (MLMs) showed that SchA reduced the production of DIC-glutathione (GSH) conjugate. In addition, SchA significantly reduced the excretion of DIC-GSH conjugate in the urine of mice and relieved hepatic GSH depletion induced by DIC. These results suggested that SchA could inhibit the metabolic activation of DIC in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our findings showed that the observed pharmacokinetic interactions might be attributable to the inhibition of the metabolism of DIC by SchA, which might be responsible for the protection of SchA against DIC-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the development of a standardized combination of DIC and SchA may protect patients from DIC-induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Bufan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongju Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Ren X, Liu Y, Huang L, Feng Y, Zhang X. Effects of Wuzhi Capsule on Whole-Blood Tacrolimus Concentration Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ther Drug Monit 2024; 46:33-41. [PMID: 38150711 PMCID: PMC10769163 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wuzhi Capsule (WZC) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb widely used to treat drug-induced hepatitis or liver dysfunction and is usually prescribed in China to increase tacrolimus concentration. Several studies with small sample sizes have shown that WZC can increase tacrolimus concentration levels in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of WZC on whole-blood tacrolimus concentration levels and safety. METHODS We searched 7 databases for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OSs) comparing whole-blood tacrolimus concentration levels between WZC and non-WZC treatments. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.3. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines. RESULTS Eleven studies involving 6 RCTs and 5 OSs were included. The meta-analysis indicated that whole-blood tacrolimus concentration levels in the WZC group was significantly higher than that of the non-WZC group [weighted mean difference = 1.38, 95% CI (confidence interval), 1.21-1.56, P < 0.001], and similar results were shown in all the subgroups of follow-up time, different primary disease, and different WZC doses. In the self-control OSs, the whole-blood tacrolimus concentration levels in the WZC group was significantly higher than the non-WZC group (weighted mean difference = 1.17, 95% CI, 0.71-1.64, P < 0.001). WZC was generally well tolerated and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS WZC can increase whole-blood tacrolimus concentration levels. This may be an economical and practical treatment choice for patients, especially those with poor oral tacrolimus absorption capabilities. Nevertheless, RCTs and OSs with large sample sizes and high quality are needed in the future to confirm these positive results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jafernik K, Motyka S, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J, Szopa A. Comprehensive review of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the Schisandra genus: anticancer potential, mechanistic insights and future prospects in oncology. Chin Med 2024; 19:17. [PMID: 38267965 PMCID: PMC10809469 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The search for novel and effective anticancer agents has been a significant area of research. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans (DBCLS), derived from the Schisandra genus plants like: S. chinensis, S. sphenanthera, S. henryi, S. rubriflora, S. grandiflora, S. propinqua, and S. glabra, have been traditionally used in various medicinal systems and are known for their myriad health benefits, including anticancer properties. This comprehensive review aimed to collate and critically analyse the recent literature on the anticancer properties of DBCLS, focusing on their mechanistic approaches against different cancer types. An exhaustive literature search was performed using databases like PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, TRIP database and Google Scholar from 1980 to 2023. Peer-reviewed articles that elucidated the mechanistic approach of these lignans on cancer cell lines, in vivo models and preliminary clinical studies were included. Studies were assessed for their experimental designs, cancer types studied, and the mechanistic insights provided. The studies demonstrate that the anticancer effects of DBCLS compounds are primarily driven by their ability to trigger apoptosis, arrest the cell cycle, induce oxidative stress, modulate autophagy, and disrupt essential signaling pathways, notably MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB. Additionally, these lignans have been shown to amplify the impact of traditional chemotherapy treatments, suggesting their potential role as supportive adjuncts in cancer therapy. Notably, several studies also emphasise their capacity to target cancer stem cells and mitigate multi-drug resistance specifically. DBCLS from the Schisandra genus have showcased significant potential as anticancer agents. Their multi-targeted mechanistic approach makes them promising candidates for further research, potentially leading to developing of new therapeutic strategies in cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jafernik
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sara Motyka
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Łazarza 16 St., 31-530, Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | | | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, Zhou Y, Huang X, Chen H, Gong Z, Zhang J, Zeng F, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Effects of WuZhi preparations on tacrolimus in pediatric and adult patients carrying the CYP3A5*1 allele of heart transplant during the early period after transplantation. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15237. [PMID: 38289887 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM Wuzhi preparations (WZP) are commonly administrated with tacrolimus (TAC) in China to improve the liver function and increase the exposure of TAC. This study aims to investigate the effects of WZP on TAC in pediatric heart transplantation (HTx) patients carrying the CYP3A5*1 allele during the early period after transplantation and also make a comparison with these effects in adult recipients. METHODS A total of 81 recipients with CYP3A5*1 allele were included and divided into the pediatric group (n = 29) and adult group (n = 52). The changes in TAC dose-corrected trough blood concentrations (C0 /D), dose requirement as well as intra-patient variability(IPV) of C0 /D after co-therapy with WZP were evaluated. RESULTS The TAC C0 /D was significantly increased 1.7 and 1.8 times after co-administration of WZP in the pediatric and adult groups, respectively. We further analyzed the pediatric patients, found that no statistical difference was observed in TAC C0 /D before and after co-therapy with WZP in children <6 years old. The changes of C0 /D increased with the dose of the active ingredient (Schisantherin A) in adult patients, but not in pediatric patients. TAC IPV was reduced by 10.5% in pediatric patients and 4.8% in adult patients when co-administrated with WZP. Furthermore, after taking WZP, the AST and TB were dramatically lowered in pediatric recipients. CONCLUSION Our study is the first attempt to demonstrate the effects of WZP on TAC in pediatric HTx recipients. By comparing these effects to those observed in adult recipients, valuable insights can be gained regarding the efficacy and potential benefits of WZP in the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Hefen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhujun Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Li J, Wang G, Ling F. The oral protective efficacy of magnolol against Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii infection via enhancing anti-inflammatory ability in goldfish (Carassius auratus). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1413-1423. [PMID: 37705318 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii are widespread and important critical pathogenic bacteria in the aquaculture industry and cause severe economic damage. At present, magnolol has been proved to be a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, such as A. hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. In order to explore the cause of in vivo disease resistance of magnolol and promote its safe application in aquaculture, the pathological detection and changes in immune indicators of fish after feeding with magnolol were conducted in this paper. Results showed that the diets supplemented with magnolol (3 g magnolol/kg commercial feed) significantly increase the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β and IL-4) in the liver of goldfish (p < .05). Additionally, the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8 and IFN-γ) did not increase significantly. Subsequently, this study investigated the resistance of goldfish to A. hydrophila and A. veronii infection after feeding with magnolol. The results showed that the survival rates of treatment groups fed 3 g magnolol/kg commercial feed daily increased by 23.1% and 38.5% after 10 days post A. hydrophila and A. veronii (p = .0351) infection, respectively. Meanwhile, growth performance (body weight and length), major internal organs (liver, spleen, kidney and intestine) and the serum biochemistry indicators (ATL and AST) all exhibited no significant adverse effects after the goldfish fed with magnolol for 30 days. TP showed an increasing concentration in the treatment group (p < .05). Results of the mRNA expression of stress response indicated that the expression level of cyp1a and hsp70 was significantly down-regulated after a 30-day treatment (p < .05), and the two genes recovered to the similar level as the control group after a commercial feed diet. In brief, the diets supplemented with magnolol protected the host from the excessive immune response caused by A. hydrophila and A. veronii via enhancing its anti-inflammatory capacity and had no adverse effects with feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hepatoprotective Effect of a New FFAR1 Agonist-N-Alkylated Isobornylamine. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010396. [PMID: 36615590 PMCID: PMC9823450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR1) is one of the possible therapeutic targets in the search for new hepatoprotective drugs. FFAR1 agonists were found to have hypolipidemic, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant effects in addition to hypoglycemic action. In this work, we conducted a study of the hepatoprotective effect of the compound QS-528 (previously discovered as an agonist of FFAR1) at doses of 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg/kg on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. At the end of the experiment, a biochemical blood assay demonstrated that the introduction of QS-528 dose-dependently reduces the levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALKP). Histological and morphometric studies of animals' livers treated with QS-528 at doses of 120 and 150 mg/kg showed a decrease in degenerative/necrotic changes in hepatocytes and an increase in the regenerative activity of the liver. In addition, no toxicity at a single oral dose of 1000 mg/kg and an increase in HepG2 cell viability in vitro were found. Thus, the compound QS-528 was found to exhibit a hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced toxic liver damage.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Eight Major Compounds of Lonicerae japonicae flos after Oral Administration in Normal Rats and Rats with Liver Injury. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238211. [PMID: 36500304 PMCID: PMC9739780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine considers Lonicerae japonicae flos to have antibacterial detoxification, liver protection, and gallbladder protection. At present, studies have proven that Lonicerae japonicae flos has a good therapeutic effect on liver injury. Therefore, to confirm the clinical applicability of Lonicerae japonicae flos in the treatment of liver injury, we were the first to compare the pharmacokinetics of an oral ethanol extract of Lonicerae japonicae flos in normal rats and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury model rats. A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, protocatechuic acid, Sweroside, and Secoxyloganin in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The results show that the method is reliable and reproducible and can be used for quantitative determination of biological samples. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the area under the concentration-time curve of eight compounds in the model group was significantly increased. The results showed that the total absorption of the active components of Lonicerae japonicae flos in the blood increased, the clearance rate slowed down, and the bioavailability of Lonicerae japonicae flos increased in liver injury diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheng X, Jie M, Xu X, Zhang L, Wang X, Wu R. Effect of Wuzhi capsules on cyclosporine A concentration in children with aplastic anemia immunotherapy: a single-center observational study. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:365-369. [PMID: 35212597 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2045193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to assess the effect of Wuzhi capsules (WZC) on the blood concentration of cyclosporine A (CsA) in renal aplastic anemia recipients. METHODS : This observational study was carried out at the Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital between November 2019 and February 2020. A total of 102 Chinese AA recipients receiving CsA (6mg/kg/d) with or without WZC were included in this study. Baseline data, such as age, therapeutic drug monitoring data, and follow-up information were collected. The promotion concentration of CsA was calculated, and the pharmaceutical economics evaluation with combination of two drugs was also carried out. RESULTS : Dose- and body weight-adjusted trough concentrations (C0/D/W) of CsA in the WZC group were found to be significantly higher than that in the non-WZC group (P<0.01). The average C0 of CsA increased by (63.27±45.81) ng/mL. The incidence of adverse events was also not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION :WZC can increase CsA concentration without increasing adverse drug reactions. Efficient and convenient immunosuppressive effects on AA recipients can be achieved via immunosuppressant therapy in combination with WZC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Ma Jie
- Department of Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Department of Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Runhui Wu
- Department of Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee A, Yang H, Kim T, Ha H, Hwang YH. Identification and pharmacokinetics of bioavailable anti-resorptive phytochemicals after oral administration of Psoralea corylifolia L. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112300. [PMID: 34653758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and resulting bone fractures are the major health issues associated with morbidity in the aging population; however, there is no effective treatment that does not cause severe side effects. In East Asia, dried seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L. (PC) have traditionally been used as an herbal medicine to manage urinary tract, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal disorders, as well as bone health. However, the mechanism of action and active biocomponents of PC are unclear. Here, we adopted a pharmacokinetic (PK) study aiming to identify the bioavailable phytochemicals in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of PC (APC) and (EPC), respectively. In addition, we aimed to determine anti-resorptive constituents of PC, which accounted for its beneficial effects on bone health. To this end, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A rapid, sensitive, and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and determined the 17 PC ingredients. In the PK study, nine components (two chalcones, two coumarins, one coumestan, two flavonoids, and two isoflavonoids) were observed between 36 and 48 h after oral administration of APC or EPC. Among the bioavailable ingredients, four PC constituents (psoralidin, isobavachin, corylifol A, and neobavaisoflavone) inhibited M-CSF-and RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. In addition, two chalcones and two isoflavonoids markedly inhibited cathepsin K activity, and their binding modes to cathepsin K were determined by molecular docking. In summary, our data suggest that bioavailable multicomponents of PC could contribute to the management of bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ami Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu W, Wang P, Wang D, Liu K, Zhang S, Zhao W, Liu G. S-ketamine alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1308-1315. [PMID: 34310894 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of S-ketamine (S-KET) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) - induced liver damage and oxidative stress, as well as to elucidate the related underlying mechanisms. Blood was collected to measure biochemical parameters (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT)) and the liver was harvested for histopathological analysis of enzymes related to the antioxidant response (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)). Liver cell apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. In addition, the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway were detected by Western blot analysis to explore potential mechanisms. S-KET protected the liver from CCl4-induced damage. The changes to the liver biochemical parameters (increased ALT, AST, ALP, TB, and γ-GT) and oxidative stress-related indicators (increased MDA; depleted SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX) induced by CCl4 were inhibited by S-KET. S-Ket also inhibited CCl4-induced cell apoptosis, the changes in expression of related proteins, and blocked CCl4-induced liver injury and oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. S-KET effectively protected the liver by inhibition of CCl4-induced damage via upregulation the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Dalong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang FL, Yin XJ, Yan YL, Wu QF. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Huanglian-Houpo Decoction Based on Berberine Hydrochloride and Magnolol Against H1N1 Influenza Virus. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 47:57-67. [PMID: 34635990 PMCID: PMC8505218 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Huanglian-Houpo decoction (HH), which is recorded in the famous traditional Chinese medicine monograph "Puji Fang," contains two individual herbs, Huanglian (Rhizoma coptidis) and Houpo (Magnoliae officinalis cortex). It was regularly used to treat seasonal epidemic colds and influenzas in ancient China. Our laboratory discovered that HH has a significant anti-H1N1 influenza virus effect. However, no pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data concerning the anti-H1N1 influenza virus activity of HH are available to date. In the current study, the concentration-time profiles of two major components of HH, berberine and magnolol, in rat plasma were investigated. METHODS An integrate pharmacokinetic approach was developed for evaluating the holistic pharmacokinetic characteristics of berberine and magnolol from HH. Additionally, the inhibition rate and levels of IFN-β in MDCK cells infected by influenza virus were analyzed. Data were calculated using 3p97 with pharmacokinetic analysis. RESULTS The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters were maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) 0.9086 μg/ml, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) 347.74 μg·min/ml, and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) 64.69 min for berberine and Cmax = 0.9843 μg/ml, AUC= 450.64 μg·min/ml, Tmax = 56.86 min for magnolol, respectively. Furthermore, integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis showed that the highest plasma concentration, inhibition rate and interferon-β (IFN-β) secretion of HH first increased and then weakened over time, reaching their peaks at 60 min. The plasma concentration of HH is directly related to the anti-influenza virus effect. CONCLUSION The results indicated that berberine and magnolol are the main active ingredients of HH related to its anti-influenza virus effect, which is related to the improvement of IFN-β secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Liang Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Feng Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fan S, Liu C, Jiang Y, Gao Y, Chen Y, Fu K, Yao X, Huang M, Bi H. Lignans from Schisandra sphenanthera protect against lithocholic acid-induced cholestasis by pregnane X receptor activation in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112103. [PMID: 31336134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cholestasis is a clinical syndrome caused by toxic bile acid retention that will lead to serious liver diseases. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA) are the only two FDA-approved drugs for its treatment. Thus, there is a clear need to develop new therapeutic approaches for cholestasis. Here, anti-cholestasis effects of the lignans from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Schisandra sphenanthera, were investigated as well as the involved mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 9 groups including the control group, LCA group, LCA with specific lignan treatment of Schisandrin A (SinA), Schisandrin B (SinB), Schisandrin C (SinC), Schisandrol A (SolA), Schisandrol B (SolB), Schisantherin A (StnA) and Schisantherin B (StnB), respectively. Mice were treated with each drug (qd) for 7 days, while the administration of lithocholic acid (LCA) (bid) was launched from the 4th day. Twelve hours after the last LCA injection, mice were sacrificed and samples were collected. Serum biochemical measurement and histological analysis were conducted. Metabolomics analysis of serum, liver, intestine and feces were performed to study the metabolic profile of bile acids. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were conducted to determine the hepatic expression of genes and proteins related to bile acid homeostasis. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to investigate the transactivation effect of lignans on human pregnane X receptor (hPXR). RT-qPCR analysis was used to detect induction effects of lignans on hPXR-targeted genes in HepG2 cells. RESULTS Lignans including SinA, SinB, SinC, SolA, SolB, StnA, StnB were found to significantly protect against LCA-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, as evidenced by significant decrease in liver necrosis, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. More importantly, serum total bile acids (TBA) and total bilirubin (Tbili) were also significantly reduced. Metabolomics analysis revealed these lignans accelerated the metabolism of bile acids and increased the bile acid efflux from liver into the intestine or feces. Gene analysis revealed these lignans induced the hepatic expressions of PXR-target genes such as Cyp3a11 and Ugt1a1. Luciferase reporter gene assays illustrated that these bioactive lignans can activate hPXR. Additionally, they can all upregulate hPXR-regulate genes such as CYP3A4, UGT1A1 and OATP2. CONCLUSION These results clearly demonstrated the lignans from Schisandra sphenanthera exert hepatoprotective effects against LCA-induced cholestasis by activation of PXR. These lignans may provide an effective approach for the prevention and treatment of cholestatic liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiming Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaili Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinpeng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yan L, Yang ZQ, Shi YY, Ren J, Yang CL, Wan ZL, Bai YJ, Luo LM, Wang LL, Li Y. Effects of Wuzhi Capsules on Blood Concentration of Tacrolimus in Renal Transplant Recipients. Ann Transplant 2019; 24:594-604. [PMID: 31712547 PMCID: PMC6873908 DOI: 10.12659/aot.918980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus is a widely used immunosuppressant in renal transplant recipients. It was demonstrated in rats and healthy volunteers that Wuzhi capsules could inhibit metabolism and maintain blood concentration of tacrolimus. However, there are no clinical studies of Wuzhi capsules in renal transplant recipients. This research aimed to assess the effect of Wuzhi capsules on the blood concentration of tacrolimus in renal transplant recipients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 158 Chinese renal transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus with or without Wuzhi capsules were included in this retrospective study. The cohort study included 126 recipients, with 86 recipients receiving Wuzhi capsules (WZCs) and the other 40 recipients not receiving WZCs. Another 32 recipients were involved in a self-control study. RESULTS Dose- and body weight-adjusted trough concentrations (C0/D/W) of tacrolimus in the WZC group were found to be significantly higher than that in the non-WZC group (P<0.05). The improvement of C0/D/W by administration of Wuzhi capsules was more significant in CYP3A5 expressers than in non-expressers following subgroup analysis. Furthermore, the WZC group had a remarkably higher proportion of subjects who reached target tacrolimus concentration than in the non-WZC group, both in CYP3A5 expressers (P=0.01) and non-expressers (P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis and self-control analysis confirmed the positive impact of Wuzhi capsules on tacrolimus concentration (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Wuzhi capsules can increase tacrolimus trough concentration without adverse effects on allograft function, especially in CYP3A5 expressers. Efficient and convenient immunosuppressive effects on renal transplant recipients can be achieved by treatment including administration of Wuzhi capsules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Yun-Ying Shi
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Cui-Li Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Zheng-Li Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Yang-Juan Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Li-Mei Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Lan-Lan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang K, Zhang Y, Li N, Xing F, Zhao J, Yang T, Liu C, Feng N. An herbal-compound-based combination therapy that relieves cirrhotic ascites by affecting the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway: A metabolomics-based systematic study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:112034. [PMID: 31226385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine boasts a 440-year-long history of treating refractory ascites via combinations of herbal medicines, called formulae. Xiaozhang Tie (XT) is a proprietary herbal-compound-based formula that has been proven to be very effective in the treatment of cirrhosis-associated ascites in clinical practice, but the mechanism of action of XT remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we used a metabolomics-based systematic method to elucidate the mechanism of XT in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites. METHODS Decompensated liver cirrhosis was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) combined with pattern recognition approaches were used to determine differentiating metabolites relevant to XT treatment. Biomarkers were further validated by a targeted quantitative method and by the results from serum and urine analyses. Pathway analysis and correlation network construction were used to reveal the therapeutic targets associated with XT treatment, and the potential mechanisms were verified by the results from biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical assays. RESULTS XT synergistically mediated the abnormalities of amino acid metabolic pathways in cirrhotic rats. XT significantly elevated the arginine levels, reduced the serum nitric oxide (NO) levels and alleviated the gastrointestinal motility disorder of cirrhotic rats. This effect of XT has been confirmed by the inhibition of the activities of inducible NO synthase and neuronal NO synthase in the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that XT promotes gastrointestinal motility by acting on multiple targets in multiple pathways, of which the L-arginine/NO pathway is most affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Xing
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jihui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu H, Chen M, Yin H, Hu P, Wang Y, Liu F, Tian X, Huang C. Exploration of the hepatoprotective chemical base of an orally administered herbal formulation (YCHT) in normal and CCl 4-intoxicated liver injury rats. Part 1: Metabolic profiles from the liver-centric perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:81-91. [PMID: 30904705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yin-Chen-Hao Tang (YCHT), derived from "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" in ancient China, has been a very popular hepatoprotective three-herb formula in China and Japan, although its chemical base remains unclear. AIM OF THIS STUDY As the first step in revealing the hepatoprotective chemical base of YCHT, we aimed to clarify the absorbed ingredients and associated metabolic pathways for orally dosed YCHT in both normal and liver injury rats from a liver-centric perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the aid of 10 reference compounds, the absorbed ingredients and generated metabolites were systematically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF) in the portal vein plasma (the plasma before hepatic disposition) - liver - systemic plasma (the plasma after hepatic disposition), following oral administration of YCHT in normal and CCl4-induced liver injury rats. RESULTS A total of 38 compounds with six chemical structures, consisting of 10 prototypes and 28 metabolites generated through 9 biotransformations, were absolutely or tentatively identified, and 25 compounds were first reported on YCHT treatments. Among them, 8 compounds were absolutely confirmed by comparing with standard substances, and some had published hepatoprotective activities. Compared with the 35, 15, and 29 compounds identified in the portal vein plasma, liver, and systemic plasma of normal rats, respectively, the corresponding numbers of characterized compounds were 37, 13 and 29 in the liver injury rats. CONCLUSIONS Sulfation and glucuronidation were the predominant biotransformations, and intestinal metabolism, prior to hepatic metabolism, occurred for most compounds. CCl4-induced liver injury caused only slight changes in the metabolic profiles of rats orally administered YCHT. These results provided the precondition for further quantitative analysis and pharmacodynamic screening of compounds in YCHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingcang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kang D, Shao Y, Zhu Z, Yin X, Shen B, Chen C, Xu Y, Shen J, Li H, Li X, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Systematically identifying the hepatoprotective ingredients of schisandra lignan extract from pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:182-192. [PMID: 30668398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal medicines (HMs) have been proven to be productive sources of leads for the development of drugs. To date approximately 150 lignans have been identified from Schisandra sphenanthera. Hepatoprotective activity is a well-known characteristic of schisandra lignans, yet the authentic types of active lignans are still not well known. PURPOSE The present study aimed to develop a reliable and efficient strategy for identifying the hepatoprotective ingredients of schisandra lignan extract (SLE). METHODS SLEs were prepared by extracting Schisandra sphenanthera powder using 10%, 50% and 90% ethanol (w/w 1:10) combining 5-fold volume of ethyl acetate. The schisandra lignans in SLEs were qualitatively analyzed based on liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF). Preparative liquid chromatography (PLC) was used to collect ingredient fractions. The hepatoprotective activity of schisandra lignans was systematically investigated on in vivo and in vitro models. RESULTS The SLE extracted by 50% ethanol and 5-fold volume of ethyl acetate (50%SLE) had the highest lignan content and exhibited significantly stronger hepatoprotective activity than other SLEs (P < 0.01). The hepatoprotective effect of 50%SLE mainly attributed to the SLE segment which collected from 12 to 22 min by PLC. Schisantherin A (Sth A) was confirmed as the most promising hepatoprotective drug in Schisandra sphenanthera due to high content in crude materials, high exposure level in vivo and high efficiency on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION The hepatoprotective ingredients of SLEs were systematically investigated based on the presently developed approach, and Sth A was identified as the optimum hepatoprotective candidate in Schisandra sphenanthera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Kang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhangpei Zhu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yin
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Boyu Shen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangfan Xu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haofeng Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinuo Li
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li YZ, Ma ZN, Sun YS, Ren S, Jiang S, Zhang WZ, Wang Z, Li W. Protective effects of extracts of Schisandra chinensis stems against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via regulation of MAPK and caspase-3 signaling pathways. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:700-713. [PMID: 30269847 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate protective activity of an ethanol extract of the stems of Schisandra chinensis (SCE) and explore its possible molecular mechanisms on acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity in a mouse model. The results of HPLC analysis showed that the main components of SCE included schisandrol A, schisandrol B, deoxyschisandrin, schisandrin B, and schisandrin C and their contents were 5.83, 7.11, 2.13, 4.86, 0.42 mg·g-1, respectively. SCE extract was given for 7 consecutive days before a single hepatotoxic dose of APAP (250 mg·kg-1) was injected to mice. Our results showed that SCE pretreatment ameliorated liver dysfunction and oxidative stress, which was evidenced by significant decreases in aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and elevations in reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. These findings were associated with the result that the SCE pretreatment significantly decreased expression levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). SCE also significantly decreased the expression levels of Bax, mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK), and cleaved caspase-3 by APAP exposure. Furthermore, supplementation with SCE suppressed the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), suggesting alleviation of inflammatory response. In summary, these findings from the present study clearly demonstrated that SCE exerted significant alleviation in APAP-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis mainly via regulating MAPK and caspase-3 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zi Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhi-Na Ma
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yin-Shi Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plant, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changchun 132109, China
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei-Zhe Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Development and Application of an UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Eight Major Bioactive Components from Yin Chen Hao Tang in Normal and Acute Liver Injured Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3239785. [PMID: 30519262 PMCID: PMC6241247 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3239785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Yin Chen Hao Tang (YCHT) is one of the most famous hepatoprotective herbal formulas in China, but its pharmacokinetic investigation in model rats has been rarely conducted. In this study, the hepatic injury model was caused by intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and YCHT was orally administered to the model and normal rats. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established to analyze the plasma pharmacokinetics of eight major bioactive ingredients from YCHT in both the normal and liver injured rats. The calibration curves presented good linearity (r > 0.9981) in the concentration range. The relative standard deviation (RSD%) of inter- and intraday precision was within 9.55%, and the accuracy (RE%) ranged from -10.72% to 2.46%. The extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were demonstrated to be within acceptable ranges. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) were around 0.1 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively, which were much lower than those in other related researches. Results reveal that there are significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of scoparone, geniposide, rhein, aloe-emodin, physcion, and chrysophanol in hepatic injured rats as compared to those in control except for scopoletin and emodin. Our experimental results provide a meaningful reference for the clinical dosage of YCHT in treating liver disorders, and the improvement of LLOD and LLOQ can also broaden the range of our method's application, which is very suitable for quantitating these eight compounds with low levels.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen Z, Liu F, Zheng N, Guo M, Bao L, Zhan Y, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Guo W, Ding G. Wuzhi capsule (Schisandra Sphenanthera extract) attenuates liver steatosis and inflammation during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:285-293. [PMID: 30522014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wuzhi (WZ) capsule contains an ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera. The efficacy of WZ in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not yet been elucidated. The present study assessed the effects of WZ on NAFLD. MATERIAL AND METHODS A C57BL/6 male mouse model of NAFLD was established by feeding the animals a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Mice fed the basal diet were used as controls. Both groups were randomly administered WZ or vehicle by gavage for 5 weeks. Body weight change, liver/body weight ratio, metabolic parameters, and histological changes were assessed. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were analysed by ELISA; mRNA expression of these genes in the liver was studied by real-time PCR. Western blotting was used to analyse the protein levels of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, MCAD, LCAD, and p65 in the liver. RESULTS After 5 weeks of the MCD diet, the liver/body weight ratio of WZ mice was higher than that of control mice. Liver histology revealed significantly less steatosis, inflammation, and necrosis, which was confirmed by decreased intrahepatic triglycerides and serum ALT in WZ-treated mice. WZ also reduced the liver mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6. Sensitivity to steatohepatitis due to WZ administration correlated significantly with alterations in the expression of PPAR-α/γ, as well as the NF-κB signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS WZ plays a protective role against MCD-induced steatohepatitis. The underlying mechanism likely involves the upregulation of PPAR-α/γ and downregulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. Based on its beneficial effects on the liver, WZ is a promising therapeutic for NAFLD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Nanxin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Leilei Bao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingjian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuanyu Zhao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Guoshan Ding
- Department of Organ Transplantation, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A strategy to improve the oral availability of baicalein: The baicalein-theophylline cocrystal. Fitoterapia 2018; 129:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
22
|
Pi J, Wang S, Li W, Kebebe D, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Qi D, Guo P, Li N, Liu Z. A nano-cocrystal strategy to improve the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of baicalein. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:154-164. [PMID: 32104447 PMCID: PMC7032205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalein (BE) is one of the main active flavonoids representing the variety of pharmacological effects including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protective activities, but it's very low solubility, dissolution rate and poor oral absorption limit the therapeutic applications. In this work, a nano-cocrystal strategy was successfully applied to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of BE. Baicalein-nicotinamide (BE-NCT) nano-cocrystals were prepared by high pressure homogenization and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Physical characterization results including scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that BE-NCT nano-cocrystals were changed into amorphous state with mean particle size of 251.53 nm. In the dissolution test, the BE-NCT nano-cocrystals performed 2.17-fold and 2.54-fold enhancement than BE coarse powder in FaSSIF-V2 and FaSSGF. Upon oral administration, the integrated AUC0 − t of BE-NCT nano-cocrystals (6.02-fold) was significantly higher than BE coarse powder (1-fold), BE-NCT cocrystals (2.87-fold) and BE nanocrystals (3.32-fold). Compared with BE coarse powder, BE-NCT cocrystals and BE nanocrystals, BE-NCT nano-cocrystals possessed excellent performance both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Thus, it can be seen that nano-cocrystal is an appropriate novel strategy for improving dissolution rate and bioavailability of poor soluble natural products such as BE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Pi
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Wen Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,Institute of health sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Dongli Qi
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Pan Guo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yan R, Yang Y, Chen Y. Pharmacokinetics of Chinese medicines: strategies and perspectives. Chin Med 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 29743935 PMCID: PMC5930430 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The modernization and internationalization of Chinese medicines (CMs) are hampered by increasing concerns on the safety and the efficacy. Pharmacokinetic (PK) study is indispensable to establish concentration-activity/toxicity relationship and facilitate target identification and new drug discovery from CMs. To cope with tremendous challenges rooted from chemical complexity of CMs, the classic PK strategies have evolved rapidly from PK study focusing on marker/main drug components to PK-PD correlation study adopting metabolomics approaches to characterize associations between disposition of global drug-related components and host metabolic network shifts. However, the majority of PK studies of CMs have adopted the approaches tailored for western medicines and focused on the systemic exposures of drug-related components, most of which were found to be too low to account for the holistic benefits of CMs. With an area under concentration-time curve- or activity-weighted approach, integral PK attempts to understand the PK-PD relevance with the integrated PK profile of multiple co-existing structural analogs (prototyes/metabolites). Cellular PK-PD complements traditional PK-PD when drug targets localize inside the cells, instead of at the surface of cell membrane or extracellular space. Considering the validated clinical benefits of CMs, reverse pharmacology-based reverse PK strategy was proposed to facilitate target identification and new drug discovery. Recently, gut microbiota have demonstrated multifaceted roles in drug efficacy/toxicity. In traditional oral intake, the presystemic interactions of CMs with gut microbiota seem inevitable, which can contribute to the holistic benefits of CMs through biotransforming CMs components, acting as the peripheral target, and regulating host drug disposition. Hence, we propose a global PK-PD approach which includes the presystemic interaction of CMs with gut microbiota and combines omics with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to offer a comprehensive understanding of the PK-PD relationship of CMs. Moreover, validated clinical benefits of CMs and poor translational potential of animal PK data urge more research efforts in human PK study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.,Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu R, Xiao Z, Zhang X, Liu F, Zhou W, Zhang Y. The Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism Alternation of Four Effective Lignans From Schisandra chinensis in Carbon Tetrachloride-Intoxicated Rats and Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:229. [PMID: 29593545 PMCID: PMC5861220 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is highly valuable to study the pharmacokinetics of herbal components under the pathological condition of liver dysfunction for safe and rational use of herbal medicines. In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles of four effective lignans from Schisandra chinensis (SC), schisandrin, schisantherin A, deoxyshisandrin and γ-schisandrin, were investigated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated rats. The metabolism of the four lignans was also studied using microsomes from patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. In situ intestinal and hepatic perfusions were conducted to clarify the contributions from impairments of gut and liver on the pharmacokinetics of the four schisandra lignans in CCl4-intoxicated rats. The metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes and transport in Caco-2 monolayer cell model were studied to reveal the key factors for the in vivo disposition of the four lignans. When SC alcoholic extract was orally administrated to CCl4-intoxicated rat for a short term (4 days), the pharmacokinetics of four active SC lignans was significantly changed while its hepatotherapeutic effect was not obviously observed. The plasma concentrations of the four schisandra lignans were dramatically elevated compared with the control. The Cmax, AUC and MRT were all increased or prolonged significantly while parameter CLz/F was obviously reduced in rat pretreated with CCl4. In hepatic perfusion study and liver microsomes incubation, it was found that the hepatic metabolism of the four lignans was markedly decreased mainly due to the activity reduction of multiple CYP450 isoenzymes involved the metabolism, which, eventually, might lead to the alternation of their pharmacokinetic profiles in CCl4-intoxicated rats or patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The pharmacokinetic studies of SC components in pathological situation of liver dysfunction are expected to provide useful data for rational and safe application of SC preparations in clinic or further pharmacological and toxicological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hepatoprotective evaluation and isolation of the major secondary metabolites from the ethyl acetate extract of liquid culture filtrate of Chaetomium globosum. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:174-180. [PMID: 29091863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethyl acetate extract of the liquid culture filtrate of Chaetomium globosum fungus (family Chaetomiaceae). Rats were intraperitoneally injected by CCl4 (0.5ml/kg) twice a week for six consecutive weeks. Treatment tacks (250mg/kg) place at the same time of CCl4 induction and with the same duration. The evaluation was done through determination of liver function indices; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum protein content. In addition, the oxidative stress markers; hepatic glutathione content (GSH), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), and hepatic total protein were estimated. Moreover, the liver architectures were also examined. Isolation and identification of the main secondary metabolites were identified. Seven volatile compounds were identified from the plain chloroform fraction where, 1-Cyclopentyl-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol (54.63%) was presented as the major compound. Eleven compounds were also identified from the fraction eluted by chloroform: methanol (85:15). 1,5,5-Trimethyl-6-methylene-1-cyclohexene (25.79%) and Norbornan-2-one (26.84%) are presented as the major compounds of this fraction. In conclusion, the extract recorded hepatoprotective effect by ameliorating the biochemical parameters under investigation. The liver histopathological pictures confirmed our results.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang LL, Zhao DS, Shi W, Li ZQ, Wu ZT, Li P, Li HJ. Describing the holistic toxicokinetics of hepatotoxic Chinese herbal medicines by a novel integrated strategy: Dioscorea bulbifera rhizome as a case study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1064:40-48. [PMID: 28910661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is vital to monitor the holistic toxicokinetics of toxic Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for safety. Although an integrated strategy based on the area under the curve (AUC) has been proposed to characterize the pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic properties of CHMs, improvement is still needed. This study attempted to use 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) as weighting coefficient to investigate holistic toxicokinetics of the major diosbulbins i.e. diosbulbin A (DA), diosbulbin B (DB), and diosbulbin C (DC) after oral administration of Dioscorea bulbifera rhizome (DBR) extract. Firstly, the cytotoxicities of the three diosbulbins on human hepatic L02 cells were evaluated and the IC50 values were calculated. Then, integrated toxicokinetics of multiple diosbulbins based on AUC and IC50 were determined. Finally, correlations between integrated plasma concentrations and hepatic injury biomarkers including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bile acid (TBA) were analyzed. As a result, integrated plasma concentrations were correlated well with TBA and the correlation between TBA and IC50-weighting integrated plasma concentrations was better than that of AUC-weighting integrated plasma concentrations. In conclusion, the newly developed IC50-weighting method is expected to generate more reasonable integrated toxicokinetic parameters, which will help to guide the safe usage of DBR in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuo-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Tian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
An integrated strategy using UPLC–QTOF-MSE and UPLC–QTOF-MRM (enhanced target) for pharmacokinetics study of wine processed Schisandra Chinensis fructus in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 139:165-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
28
|
Zhou W, Yin A, Shan J, Wang S, Cai B, Di L. Study on the Rationality for Antiviral Activity of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae-Fructus Forsythiae Herb Chito-Oligosaccharide via Integral Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2017; 22:E654. [PMID: 28425933 PMCID: PMC6154603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the rationality for the antiviral effect (H1N1 virus) of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae (FLJ, named JinYinHua)-Fructus forsythiae (FF, named LianQiao) herb couple preparations improved by chito-oligosaccharide (COS) was investigated. We found that the improvement of antiviral activity for four preparations attributed to the enhancement of bioavailability for the FLJ-FF herb couple in vivo, and that caffeic acid derivatives are the most important type of components for antiviral activity. The anti-Influenza virus activity-half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), not area under concentration (AUC) was considered as the weighting factor for integrating the pharmacokinetics of caffeic acid derivatives. It was found that the integral absorption, both in vitro and in vivo, especially that in Shuang-Huang-Lian, can be improved significantly by COS, an absorption enhancer based on tight junction. The results indicated that the antiviral activity in four preparations improved by COS was mainly attributed to the integral absorption enhancement of caffeic acid derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Ailing Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Paediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210021, China.
| | - Shouchuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Paediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210021, China.
| | - Baochang Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liuqing Di
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pharmacokinetics Studies of 12 Alkaloids in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Zuojin and Fan-Zuojin Formulas. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020214. [PMID: 28146096 PMCID: PMC6155683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zuojin formula (ZJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription consisted of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Euodiae Fructus (EF), and has been used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) disease for more than 700 years. Fan-Zuojin formula (FZJ) is a related TCM prescription also consisted of CR and EF with the opposite proportion. In recent years, ZJ was getting more attention for its antitumor potential, but the indeterminate pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior restricted its clinical applications, and the PK differences between ZJ and FZJ were also largely unknown. Consequently it is necessary to carry out a full-scale PK study to demonstrate the physiological disposition of ZJ, as well as the comparative PK study between ZJ and FZJ to illustrate the compatibility dose effects. Therefore a liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was established and validated for the determinations of coptisine, epiberberine, palmatine, berberine, 8-oxocoptisine, 8-oxoepiberberine, noroxyhydrastinine, corydaldine, dehydroevodiamine, evodiamine, wuchuyuamide-I, and evocarpine in rat plasma. PK characteristics of 12 alkaloids after oral administration of ZJ and FZJ were compared, and the result was analyzed and discussed with the help of an in silico study. Then an integrated PK study was carried out with the AUC-based weighting method and the total drug concentration method. The established method has been successfully applied to reveal the PK profiles of the 12 alkaloids in rat plasma after oral administration of ZJ and FZJ. The results showed that: (1) double peaks were observed in the plasma concentration-time (C–T) curves of the alkaloids after ZJ administration; but the C–T curves approximately matched the two-compartment model after FZJ administration; (2) There were wide variations in the absorption levels of these alkaloids; and even for a certain alkaloid, the dose modified systemic exposure levels and elimination rate also varied significantly after administration of ZJ and FZJ extracts. The results could be interpreted as follows: firstly, inhibition effect on GI motility caused by the high content CR alkaloids (especially berberine) in ZJ could delay the Tmax, and increase the absorption and systemic exposure levels of the other alkaloids, and also lead to the double peak phenomenon of these alkaloids. However, for quaternary protoberberine alkaloids (QPA), double peaks were primarily caused by the different Ka value in two intestinal absorption sites; Secondly, absorption was the major obstacle to the systemic exposure level of the alkaloids from CR and EF. In silico and PK studies suggested that the absorption of these alkaloids, except QPAs, mainly depended on their solubility rather than permeability; Thirdly, EF could promote the absorption and accelerate the elimination of QPAs, and had a greater influence on the former than the latter. At last the integrated PK analysis suggested that berberine and dehydroevodiamine could be regarded as the representative components to reflect the PK behaviors of CR and EF alkaloids after administration of ZJ and FZJ. In conclusion, the absorption, elimination and systemic exposure level of these alkaloids were mainly influenced by the proportion of EF and CR, the pharmacological effect on GI motility, and the physicochemical property of these alkaloids. These findings would be helpful for a better understanding of the activities and clinical applications of ZJ, FZJ and other related TCM prescriptions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kang D, Shao Y, Yin X, Xiao J, Rao T, Shen B, Chen H, Zhu Z, Wang G, Liang Y. Bioanalytical assay development and validation for simultaneous quantification of five schisandra lignans in rat primary hepatocytes based on LC-MS/MS: application to a real-time uptake study for Schisandra Lignan Extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Kang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Tongjiaxiang 24 Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Tongjiaxiang 24 Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xiaoxi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Tongjiaxiang 24 Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jingcheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Tongjiaxiang 24 Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Tai Rao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Tongjiaxiang 24 Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Boyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Tongjiaxiang 24 Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Tongjiaxiang 24 Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zhangpei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Tongjiaxiang 24 Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Tongjiaxiang 24 Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Tongjiaxiang 24 Nanjing 210009 China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hamed SS, Al-Yhya NA, El-Khadragy MF, Al-Olayan EM, Alajmi RA, Hassan ZK, Hassan SB, Abdel Moneim AE. The Protective Properties of the Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Mediated by Anti-Apoptotic and Upregulation of Antioxidant Genes Expression Effects. Front Physiol 2016; 7:325. [PMID: 27547187 PMCID: PMC4974471 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) has been extensively used to treat a wide range of ailments in many cultures. The present study was aimed at evaluating the hepatoprotective effect of strawberry juice on experimentally induced liver injury in rats. To this end, rats were introperitoneally injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) with or without strawberry juice supplementation for 12 weeks and the hepatoprotective effect of strawberry was assessed by measuring serum liver enzyme markers, hepatic tissue redox status and apoptotic markers with various techniques including biochemistry, ELISA, quantitative PCR assays and histochemistry. The hepatoprotective effect of the strawberry was evident by preventing CCl4-induced increase in liver enzymes levels. Determination of oxidative balance showed that strawberry treatment significantly blunted CCl4-induced increase in oxidative stress markers and decrease in enzymatic and non-enzymatic molecules in hepatic tissue. Furthermore, strawberry supplementation enhanced the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, and restrained the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 with a marked reduction in collagen areas in hepatic tissue. These findings demonstrated that strawberry (F. ananassa) juice possessed antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic properties, probably mediated by the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa S Hamed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria, Egypt
| | - Nouf A Al-Yhya
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F El-Khadragy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Chair Vaccines Research of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam M Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Chair Vaccines Research of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem A Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab K Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Cancer, National Cancer Institute, Cairo UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa B Hassan
- College of Medicine, Princess Nora Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, Fayoum UniversityFayoum, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zou J, Qi F, Ye L, Yao S. Protective Role of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Against Ccl4 Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:880-9. [PMID: 26986029 PMCID: PMC4801141 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. Material/Methods Sixty SPF KM mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: the control group, CCl4-model group, bifendate group (DDB group), and low-, moderate-, and high-dose GSP groups. The following parameters were measured: serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT); aspartate aminotransferase (AST); tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; interleukin-6 (IL-6); high-mobility group box (HMGB)-1; body weight; liver, spleen, and thymus indexes; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity; HMGB1 mRNA; malondialdehyde (MDA) content; hepatocyte proliferation; and changes in liver histology. Results Compared to the CCl4-model group, decreases in liver index and increases in thymus index significantly increased SOD and GSH-Px activities and reduced MDA content, and higher hepatocyte proliferative activity was found in all GSP dose groups and the DDB group (all P<0.001). Compared with the CCl4-model group, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels and HMGB 1 mRNA and protein expressions decreased significantly in the high GSP dose group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Our results provide strong evidence that administration of GSPs might confer significant protection against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfa Zou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Fengjie Qi
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Liping Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Suyan Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zeng H, Li D, Qin X, Chen P, Tan H, Zeng X, Li X, Fan X, Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Huang M, Bi H. Hepatoprotective Effects of Schisandra sphenanthera Extract against Lithocholic Acid-Induced Cholestasis in Male Mice Are Associated with Activation of the Pregnane X Receptor Pathway and Promotion of Liver Regeneration. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 44:337-42. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.066969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
34
|
Zhou W, Cai B, Shan J, Wang S, Di L. Discovery and Current Status of Evaluation System of Bioavailability and Related Pharmaceutical Technologies for Traditional Chinese Medicines--Flos Lonicerae Japonicae--Fructus Forsythiae Herb Couples as an Example. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28812-40. [PMID: 26690115 PMCID: PMC4691079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have attracted extensive interest throughout the world due to their long history of health protection and disease control, and the internalization of TCM preparations or patented drugs has been considered a wind vane in the process of TCM modernization. However, multi-target effects, caused by multiple components in TCMs, hinder not only the construction of the quality evaluation system (bioavailability), but also the application of pharmaceutical technologies, which results in the poor efficacy in clinical practice. This review describes the methods in the literature as well as in our thoughts about how to identify the marker components, establish the evaluation system of bioavailability, and improve the bioavailability in TCM preparations. We expect that the current study will be positive and informative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Baochang Cai
- College of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shouchuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liuqing Di
- College of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Industrialization of Chinese Medicine Pellets, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Protective action of the phyllanthin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in Cyprinus carpio. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
36
|
Yang T, Liu S, Zheng TH, Tao YY, Liu CH. Comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution profiles of lignan components in normal and hepatic fibrosis rats after oral administration of Fuzheng Huayu recipe. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:305-312. [PMID: 25794805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzheng Huayu recipe (FZHY) is formulated on the basis of Chinese medicine theory in treating liver fibrosis. AIM OF THE STUDY To illuminate the influence of the pathological state of liver fibrosis on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution profiles of lignan components from FZHY. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group and Hepatic fibrosis group (induced by dimethylnitrosamine). Six lignan components were detected and quantified by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)in the plasma and tissue of normal and hepatic fibrosis rats. RESULTS A rapid, sensitive and convenient UHPLC-MS/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of six lignan components in different rat biological samples successfully. After oral administration of FZHY at a dose of 15g/kg, the pharmacokinetic behaviors of schizandrin A (SIA), schizandrin B (SIB), schizandrin C (SIC), schisandrol A (SOA), Schisandrol B (SOB) and schisantherin A (STA) have been significantly changed in hepatic fibrosis rats compared with the normal rats, and their AUC(0-t) values were increased by 235.09%, 388.44%, 223.30%, 669.30%, 295.08% and 267.63% orderly (P<0.05). Tissue distribution results showed the amount of SIA, SIB, SOA and SOB were significant increased in heart, lung, spleen and kidney of hepatic fibrosis rats compared with normal rats at most of the time point (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the result also reveals that the hepatic fibrosis could delay the peak time of lignans in liver. CONCLUSION The results proved that the established UHPLC-MS/MS method could be applied to the comparative study on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of lignan components in normal and hepatic fibrosis rats. The hepatic fibrosis could alter the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution properties of lignan components in rats after administration of FZHY. The results might be helpful for guide the clinical application of this medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tian-Hui Zheng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan-Yan Tao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; E-Institute of TCM Internal Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng-Hai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; E-Institute of TCM Internal Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jiang Y, Fan X, Wang Y, Tan H, Chen P, Zeng H, Huang M, Bi H. Hepato-protective effects of six schisandra lignans on acetaminophen-induced liver injury are partially associated with the inhibition of CYP-mediated bioactivation. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 231:83-9. [PMID: 25753323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most frequent cause of drug-induced acute liver failure. Schisandra fructus is widely-used traditional Chinese medicine which possesses hepato-protective potential. Schisandrin A (SinA), Schisandrin B (SinB), Schisandrin C (SinC), Schisandrol A (SolA), Schisandrol B (SolB), and Schisantherin A (SthA) are the major bioactive lignans. Most recently, we found SolB exerts significant hepato-protection against APAP-induced liver injury. In this study, the protective effects of the other five schisandra lignans against APAP-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice were investigated and compared with that of SolB. The results of morphological and biochemical assessment clearly demonstrated significant protective effects of SinA, SinB, SinC, SolA, SolB, and SthA against APAP-induced liver injury. Among these schisandra lignans, SinC and SolB exerted the strongest hepato-protective effects against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Six lignans pretreatment before APAP dosing could prevent the depletions of total liver glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial GSH caused by APAP. Additionally, the lignans treatment inhibited the enzymatic activities of three CYP450 isoforms (CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A11) related to APAP bioactivation, and further decreased the formation of APAP toxic intermediate N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) in mouse microsomal incubation system. This study demonstrated that SinA, SinB, SinC, SolA, SolB and SthA exhibited significant protective actions toward APAP-induced liver injury, which was partially associated with the inhibition of CYP-mediated APAP bioactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huasen Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fan X, Chen P, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Tan H, Zeng H, Wang Y, Qu A, Gonzalez FJ, Huang M, Bi H. Therapeutic efficacy of Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera Extract) on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through a mechanism distinct from N-acetylcysteine. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 43:317-24. [PMID: 25534769 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.062067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is the most common cause of drug-induced liver injury and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the primary antidote of APAP poisoning. Wuzhi tablet (WZ), the active constituents well identified and quantified, is a preparation of an ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera and exerts a protective effect toward APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. However, the clinical use of WZ to rescue APAP-induced acute liver injury and the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effect of WZ remain unclear. Therefore, the effect of WZ on APAP hepatotoxicity was compared with NAC in mice, and molecular pathways contributing to its therapeutic action were investigated. Administration of WZ 4 hours after APAP treatment significantly attenuated APAP hepatotoxicity and exerted much better therapeutic effect than NAC, as revealed by morphologic, histologic, and biochemical assessments. Both WZ and NAC prevented APAP-induced c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase activation and mitochondrial glutathione depletion in livers. The protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 target genes including Gclc, Gclm, Ho-1, and Nqo1 was increased by WZ administration. Furthermore, p53 and p21 levels were upregulated upon APAP exposure, which were completely reversed by postdosing of WZ 4 hours after APAP treatment over 48 hours. In comparison with NAC, WZ significantly increased the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D-dependent kinase 4, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and augmenter of liver regeneration in APAP-injured livers. This study demonstrated that WZ possessed a therapeutic efficacy against APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and stimulating a regenerative response after liver injury. Thus WZ may represent a new therapy for APAP-induced acute liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yi.W., H.T., H.Z., Yo.W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Pan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yi.W., H.T., H.Z., Yo.W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Yiming Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yi.W., H.T., H.Z., Yo.W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yi.W., H.T., H.Z., Yo.W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Huasen Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yi.W., H.T., H.Z., Yo.W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Hang Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yi.W., H.T., H.Z., Yo.W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Yongtao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yi.W., H.T., H.Z., Yo.W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Aijuan Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yi.W., H.T., H.Z., Yo.W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yi.W., H.T., H.Z., Yo.W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yi.W., H.T., H.Z., Yo.W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yi.W., H.T., H.Z., Yo.W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.Q., F.J.G)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang SY, Fu LL, Zhang SY, Tian M, Zhang L, Zheng YX, Wang JH, Huang J, Ouyang L. In silico analysis and experimental validation of active compounds from fructus Schisandrae chinensis in protection from hepatic injury. Cell Prolif 2014; 48:86-94. [PMID: 25521411 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore mechanisms by which fructus Schisandrae chinensis (Wuweizi) is able to reveal its protective capacity against hepatocyte injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Identification of candidate small molecular compounds was performed by text-mining, extraction and isolation, reverse-docking, network construction, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In vitro cytological examination and western blotting were used to validate efficacy of selected compounds. RESULTS We analyzed chemical composition of fructus Schisandrae chinensis and constructed protein-protein networks of key targets. Networks of miRNA-protein were constructed. Molecular docking and MD simulation results supported good interaction between selected compound 11/12 and GBA3/SHBG. Further in vitro examination divulged molecular mechanisms involved. CONCLUSIONS In silico analysis and experimental validation together demonstrated that compound 11/12 of fructus Schisandrae chinensis targetted GBA3/SHBG in hepatocytes. Hopefully this will shed light on exploration of its complex molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dong LC, Zhang XH, Ma J, Luo N, Song W, Li P, Li HJ. The integrated pharmacokinetics of major rhodojaponins correlates with the cardiotoxicity after oral administration of Rhododendri Mollis Flos extract in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 157:69-78. [PMID: 25256689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhododendri Mollis Flos (RMF), termed as Naoyanghua in Chinese, is a traditional anti-rheumatoid arthritis and bruises herb with associated cardiotoxicity. The predominant rhodojaponins occurring in RMF are responsible for its efficacy and toxicity. The narrow therapeutic window of rhodojaponins necessitates monitoring the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics so as to ensure the safety in practical applications of RMF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group, a low-dose group and a high-dose group. After oral administration of RMF extract, the cardiotoxicity of RMF was evaluated by assessing ventricular function and by measuring the plasma levels of LDH, CK-MB and AST. Then, an LC-MS method was established to determine the rat plasma concentrations of three major rhodojaponins including rhodojaponin I, II and III (R-I, II and III) and was applied to pharmacokinetic study. Finally, based on an AUC-weighting approach, the integrated pharmacokinetics of three rhodojaponins was determined. RESULTS Compared with control group, cardiotoxicity was observed in RMF-treated rats with left ventricular dysfunction and with the continuously increased levels of LDH and CK-MB in a dose-dependent manner. The pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, t1/2, Tmax and Cmax) for R-I, II and III were markedly different, and the integrated pharmacokinetics was therefore converted to describe the holistic pharmacokinetic profiles of R-I, II and III, which correlated pretty well with cardiotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS It was found that myocardial damage was elicited by RMF extract in a dose-dependent manner and the plasma levels of LDH and CK-MB could reveal the severity of myocardial injury as potential markers. This study also highlighted the potential of integrated pharmacokinetics to provid a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the pharmacokinetic behaviors of traditional Chinese herbal medicine and its efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Chi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Na Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lu Y, Wang WJ, Song YZ, Liang ZQ. The protective mechanism of schisandrin A in d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury through activation of autophagy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1302-1307. [PMID: 24992201 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.890232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The principal bioactive lignan of Schisandra chinensis fructus, commonly used for traditional Chinese medicine, is schisandrin A. Schisandrin A has been widely reported as being very effective for the treatment of liver disease. However, the mechanisms of its protective effects in liver remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the hepatoprotective mechanisms of schisandrin A. MATERIALS AND METHODS d-Galactosamine (d-GalN)-induced liver injury in mice was used as a model. Schisandrin A was examined for its protective mechanisms using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS Aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in the schisandrin A group were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) compared with those in the d-GalN-treated group. HE results showed that the pathological changes in hepatic tissue seen in the d-GalN-treated were reduced in the schisandrin A/d-GalN-treated group, with the morphological characteristics being close to those of the control (untreated) group. Western blotting results showed that schisandrin A can activate autophagy flux and inhibit progression of apoptosis. The immune function of the schisandrin A-pretreated group was assayed by flow cytometry. It was found that the mechanism may involve activated autophagy flux, inhibited apoptosis, and improved immunity in response to liver damage. CONCLUSION Our results show that the hepatoprotective mechanisms of schisandrin A may include activation of autophagy flux and inhibition of apoptosis. These results provide pharmacological evidence supporting its future clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fan X, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Tan H, Zeng H, Wang Y, Chen P, Qu A, Gonzalez FJ, Huang M, Bi H. Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra Sphenanthera extract) protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibition of CYP-mediated bioactivation and regulation of NRF2-ARE and p53/p21 pathways. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1982-90. [PMID: 25217484 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.059535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra sphenanthera is widely used as a tonic and restorative in many countries to enhance the function of liver and other organs. Wuzhi tablet (WZ) is a preparation of an ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera. Our previous study demonstrated that WZ exerted a protective effect toward acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms of this protection remain unclear. This study aimed to determine what molecular pathways contributed to the hepatoprotective effects of WZ against APAP toxicity. Administration of WZ 3 days before APAP treatment significantly attenuated APAP hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner and reduced APAP-induced JNK activation. Treatment with WZ resulted in potent inhibition of CYP2E1, CYP3A11, and CYP1A2 activities and then caused significant inhibition of the formation of the oxidized APAP metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine-reduced glutathione. The expression of NRF2 was increased after APAP and/or WZ treatment, whereas KEAP1 levels were decreased. The protein expression of NRF2 target genes including Gclc, Gclm, Ho-1, and Nqo1 was significantly increased by WZ treatment. Furthermore, APAP increased the levels of p53 and its downstream gene p21 to trigger cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, whereas WZ pretreatment could inhibit p53/p21 signaling to induce cell proliferation-associated proteins including cyclin D1, CDK4, PCNA, and ALR to promote hepatocyte proliferation. This study demonstrated that WZ prevented APAP-induced liver injury by inhibition of cytochrome P450-mediated APAP bioactivation, activation of the NRF2-antioxidant response element pathway to induce detoxification and antioxidation, and regulation of the p53, p21, cyclin D1, CDK4, PCNA, and ALR to facilitate liver regeneration after APAP-induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yo.W., H.T., H.Z., Yi. W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Yiming Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yo.W., H.T., H.Z., Yi. W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yo.W., H.T., H.Z., Yi. W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Huasen Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yo.W., H.T., H.Z., Yi. W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Hang Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yo.W., H.T., H.Z., Yi. W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Yongtao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yo.W., H.T., H.Z., Yi. W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Pan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yo.W., H.T., H.Z., Yi. W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Aijuan Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yo.W., H.T., H.Z., Yi. W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yo.W., H.T., H.Z., Yi. W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yo.W., H.T., H.Z., Yi. W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Q., F.J.G)
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (X.F., Y.J., Yo.W., H.T., H.Z., Yi. W., M.H., H.B.); The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (P.C.); and Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Q., F.J.G)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang O, Cheng Q, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhao L, Zhou F, Ji B. Hepatoprotective effect of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. lignans and its formula with Rubus idaeus on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Food Funct 2014; 5:3018-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00550c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
44
|
Guo Q, Li P, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Wu H, Yang B, Du S, Lu Y. Brain distribution pharmacokinetics and integrated pharmacokinetics of Panax Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, Re and Rd in rats after intranasal administration of Panax Notoginseng Saponins assessed by UPLC/MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 969:264-71. [PMID: 25203723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) constitute the main active components of a traditional Chinese medicine, Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (Sanqi). To investigate brain distribution of Panax Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, Re, and Rd, and the integrated PNS in rats, their contents in cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, hippocampus and olfactory bulb were simultaneously measured by UPLC-MS/MS. Sample preparation was carried out by the protein precipitation technique with an internal Digoxin standard. The method described here was highly efficient, with short run time, excellent specificity and sensitivity, and successfully applied for pharmacokinetics studies. NGR1, GRg1, GRb1, GRe and GRd from PNS have been detected in all six brain regions studied and quantified accurately. These findings provide more insight for further understanding of the main ways from the nasal cavity to brain as well as the migration of nasally applied drugs into the CNS parenchyma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Guo
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Pengyue Li
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Yanke Cheng
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Huichao Wu
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Shouying Du
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China.
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xie Y, Hao H, Wang H, Guo C, Kang A, Wang G. Reversing effects of lignans on CCl4-induced hepatic CYP450 down regulation by attenuating oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:213-221. [PMID: 24910408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been proved to be a critical reason of regulating CYP450s under hepatic injury status. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of pretreatment of schisandra lignan extracts (SLE) and dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB) on expressions and activities of the main liver P450 isoenzymes in CCl4 induced liver injury rats and their anti-oxidative effects on both CCl4 induced liver injury rats and a CCl4 induced HepG2 cell injury model. Acute experimental liver injury induced by CCl4 caused drastically decreasing activities of the main liver P450 isoenzymes such as CYP1A2, CYP2C6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2, as well as their protein expressions. Pretreatment of SLE (500 mg/kg) and DDB (200 mg/kg) twice a day for three days significantly decreased the losses of activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2. Similar results were observed in protein expressions. In addition, in the CCl4 induced HepG2 cells injury model and the CYP3A activity level correlated well with ROS level in several ingredients of SLE treated groups, especially in γ-schisandrin group. These results indicated that the reversion of P450 after SLE/DDB treatment were, on one hand, due to hepatoprotective effects of these lignans on livers; on the other hand, due to their regulation of P450 through anti-oxidative effect and γ-schisandrin might be the most powerful ingredient of SLE. Also, there might be potential interactions between SLE or DDB and co-administered medicines and it is necessary to adjust the dosage of co-administrated medicines in clinical medication of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - An Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Qin XL, Chen X, Zhong GP, Fan XM, Wang Y, Xue XP, Wang Y, Huang M, Bi HC. Effect of Tacrolimus on the pharmacokinetics of bioactive lignans of Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract) and the potential roles of CYP3A and P-gp. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:766-772. [PMID: 24462213 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that Wuzhi tablet (WZ), a preparation of the ethanol extract of Wuweizi (Schisandra sphenanthera), had significant effects on blood concentrations of Tacrolimus (FK506) in renal transplant recipients and rats. The active lignans in WZ are schisandrin A, schisandrin B, schisandrin C, schisandrol A, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, and schisantherin B. Until now, whether the pharmacokinetics of these lignans in WZ would be affected by FK506 remained unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether and how FK506 affected pharmacokinetics of lignans in WZ in rats and the potential roles of CYP3A and P-gp. After a single oral co-administration of FK506 and WZ, the blood concentration of lignans in WZ was decreased by FK506; furthermore, the AUC of schisantherin A, schisandrin A, schisandrol A and schisandrol B was only 64.5%, 47.2%, 55.1% and 57.4% of that of WZ alone group, respectively. Transport study in Caco-2 cells showed that these lignans were not substrates of P-gp, suggesting decreased blood concentration of lignans by FK506 was not via P-gp pathway. Metabolism study in the human recombinant CYP 3A showed that these lignans had higher affinity to CYP3A than that of FK506, and thus had a stronger CYP3A-mediated metabolism. It was concluded that the blood concentrations of these lignans were decreased and their CYP3A-mediated metabolisms were increased in the presence of FK506 since these lignans had higher affinity to CYP3A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ling Qin
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guo-ping Zhong
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-mei Fan
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-ping Xue
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-chang Bi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chyau CC, Ker YB, Chang CH, Huang SH, Wang HE, Peng CC, Peng RY. Schisandra chinensis peptidoglycan-assisted transmembrane transport of lignans uniquely altered the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms in human HepG2 cell model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85165. [PMID: 24475039 PMCID: PMC3903492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turz Baill) (S. chinensis) (SC) fruit is a hepatoprotective herb containing many lignans and a large amount of polysaccharides. A novel polysaccharide (called SC-2) was isolated from SC of MW 841 kDa, which exhibited a protein-to-polysaccharide ratio of 0.4089, and showed a characteristic FTIR spectrum of a peptidoglycan. Powder X-ray diffraction revealed microcrystalline structures within SC-2. SC-2 contained 10 monosaccharides and 15 amino acids (essential amino acids of 78.12%w/w). In a HepG2 cell model, SC-2 was shown by MTT and TUNEL assay to be completely non-cytotoxic. A kinetic analysis and fluorescence-labeling technique revealed no intracellular disposition of SC-2. Combined treatment of lignans with SC-2 enhanced the intracellular transport of schisandrin B and deoxyschisandrin but decreased that of gomisin C, resulting in alteration of cell-killing bioactivity. The Second Law of Thermodynamics allows this type of unidirectional transport. Conclusively, SC-2 alters the transport and cell killing capability by a "Catcher-Pitcher Unidirectional Transport Mechanism".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu County, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Bee Ker
- Department of Food And Applied Technology, Hungkuang University, Shalu County, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huang Chang
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu County, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shiau-Huei Huang
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu County, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Er Wang
- Department of Food And Applied Technology, Hungkuang University, Shalu County, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chi Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Robert Y. Peng
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu County, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Morsy MA, Ibrahim MA, Abd-Elghany MI. Dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl dicarboxylate attenuates hepatic and metabolic alterations in high fructose-fed rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:59-67. [PMID: 24021431 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713498445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High fructose consumption is currently linked to metabolic disorders including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia as well as hepatic steatosis. Dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl dicarboxylate (DDB) is a hepatoprotectant with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study therefore is to evaluate the effect of DDB on high fructose-induced metabolic disturbances and hepatic steatosis in a rat model. Male Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: control, fructose-fed (10% in drinking water and 10% in diet), and fructose-fed DDB (300 mg/kg, orally)-treated groups. Rats were fed a high-fructose diet for 6 weeks, while DDB was administered for an additional 2 weeks. High-fructose consumption elevated serum glucose and insulin levels and impaired oral glucose tolerance test, revealing insulin resistance. It also increased serum triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase as well as visceral fat content and decreased serum high-density lipoprotein. Additionally, histopathological examination revealed that high fructose intake induced hepatic steatosis. These alterations were associated with increased serum uric acid as well as hepatic content of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO) in addition to overexpression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). DDB administration significantly ameliorated the high fructose-induced hepatic and metabolic alterations. In conclusion, DDB ameliorates high fructose-induced metabolic disorders and hepatic steatosis in rats. Such protection is, at least in part, due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, decrease in iNOS overexpression, and reduction of elevated uric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Morsy
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Manal I Abd-Elghany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xu H, Gan J, Liu X, Wu R, Jin Y, Li M, Yuan B. Gender-dependent pharmacokinetics of lignans in rats after single and multiple oral administration of Schisandra chinensis extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:224-231. [PMID: 23501155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as sedatives and tonics in clinic. Schisandra lignans are believed to be the major bioactive components in S. chinensis. However, there is a lack of information about the effects of gender and repeated-dose on the pharmacokinetic properties of the schisandra lignans. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was performed to investigate the influence of gender on the pharmacokinetics of schisandra lignans after administration of S. chinensis extract and to compare their pharmacokinetic behaviors between single and multiple administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of rats (half male and half female) were received a single dose or multiple doses of S. chinensis extract, respectively. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to determine the plasma concentrations of schisandra lignans. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters of schisandrin, schisandrol B, deoxyschisandrin, γ-schisandrin and schisantherin A were significantly different by gender difference. The t1/2 of all the tested schisandra lignans in female rats were 2-9 times longer than the corresponding values in male rats. The Cmax and AUC0-t of these schisandra lignans except schisantherin A in female rats were 5-50 times higher than those in male rats. The pharmacokinetic profiles of schisandrin, schisandrol B, deoxyschisandrin and schisantherin A in both gender rats after multiple doses were similar to the corresponding profile after single dose. CONCLUSION All the tested schisandra lignans showed slower elimination and higher bioavailability in female rats after single or multiple administration of S. chinensis extract compared with male rats. Their pharmacokinetic profiles were not affected by repeated-dose except γ-schisandrin, which was eliminated more slowly in female rats after multiple administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chang R, Li Y, Yang X, Yue Y, Dou L, Wang Y, Zhang W, Li X. Protective role of deoxyschizandrin and schisantherin A against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61590. [PMID: 23620773 PMCID: PMC3631228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies suggested that deoxyschizandrin (DSD) and schisantherin A (STA) may have cardioprotective effects, but information in this regard is lacking. Therefore, we explored the protective role of DSD and STA in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methodology/Principal Findings Anesthetized male rats were treated once with DSD and STA (each 40 µmol/kg) through the tail vein after 45 min of ischemia, followed by 2-h reperfusion. Cardiac function, infarct size, biochemical markers, histopathology and apoptosis were measured and mRNA expression of gp91phox in myocardial tissue assessed by RT-PCR. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were pretreated with DSD and STA and then damaged by H2O2. Cell apoptosis was tested by a flow cytometric assay. Compared with the I/R group: (i) DSD and STA could significantly reduce the abnormalities of LVSP, LVEDP, ±dp/dtmax and arrhythmias, thereby showing their protective roles in cardiac function; (ii) DSD and STA could significantly attenuate the infarct size and MDA release while increasing SOD activity, suggesting a role in reducing myocardial injury; (iii) tissue morphology and myocardial textual analysis revealed that DSD and STA mitigated changes in myocardial histopathology; (iv) DSD and STA decreased apoptosis (33.56±2.58% to 10.28±2.80% and 10.98±1.99%, respectively) and caspase-3 activity in the myocardium (0.62±0.02 OD/mg to 0.38±0.02 OD/mg and 0.32±0.02 OD/mg, respectively), showing their protective effects upon cardiomyocytes; and (v) DSD and STA had similar protective effects on I/R injury as those seen with the positive control metoprolol. In vitro, DSD and STA could significantly decrease the apoptosis of neonatal cardiomyocytes. Conclusions/Significance These data suggest that DSD and STA can protect against myocardial I/R injury. The underlining mechanism may be related to their role in inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/blood
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/drug therapy
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cyclooctanes/administration & dosage
- Cyclooctanes/chemistry
- Cyclooctanes/pharmacology
- Cyclooctanes/therapeutic use
- Cytoprotection/drug effects
- Dioxoles/administration & dosage
- Dioxoles/chemistry
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Dioxoles/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Lignans/administration & dosage
- Lignans/chemistry
- Lignans/pharmacology
- Lignans/therapeutic use
- Male
- Malondialdehyde/blood
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/complications
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/blood
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/complications
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 2
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Polycyclic Compounds/administration & dosage
- Polycyclic Compounds/chemistry
- Polycyclic Compounds/pharmacology
- Polycyclic Compounds/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruimiao Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xingxin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lili Dou
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|