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Li Y, Gao C, Zhao J, Zhao Z, Xie B, Zuo H, Zhang S, Dong J, Chen X, Li H, Bian Y. Screening of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 inhibitors in traditional herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106095. [PMID: 38942299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a promising target for the treatment of metabolic diseases associated with autoimmune and central nervous system disease. By now there are limited numbers of PAD4 inhibitors, and no one is ready for clinical use. This study aims to find efficient and specific PAD4 inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines and to investigate their inhibitory mechanisms. The inhibitory effects of forty-eight extracts from sixteen traditional herbal medicines which are widely used in traditional herbal medicines were investigated. Salvia miltiorrhiza was found to have the most potent PAD4 inhibitory activity. After that, a practical bioactivity-guided fractionation coupling with a chemical profiling strategy was used to identify the fractions from Salvia miltiorrhiza with strong PAD4 inhibition activity, and the major constituents in these bioactive fractions were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Seven compounds were found to have inhibition on PAD4 with IC50 values ranging from 33.52 μM to 667 μM, in which salvianolic acid A showed the most potent inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 33.52 μM. Inhibition kinetic analyses indicated that salvianolic acid A effectively inhibited PAD4 in a mixed inhibitory manner, and computer simulation analyses demonstrated that salvianolic acid A binds to PAD4 mainly using hydrogen bonding. Overall, our results suggest that salvianolic acid A from Salvia miltiorrhiza is a potent inhibitor of PAD4, and that salvianolic acid A can be used as a promising lead compound for the development of more potent PAD4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Chunli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Zeyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Binxi Xie
- Chongqing Cigarette Factory, China Tobacco Chongqing Industrial Co, Ltd, Chongqing 400060, PR China
| | - Haiyue Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street 2, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China.
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Naidu G, Tripathi DK, Nagar N, Mishra A, Poluri KM. Targeting chemokine-receptor mediated molecular signaling by ethnopharmacological approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117837. [PMID: 38310985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Infection and inflammation are critical to global human health status and the goal of current pharmacological interventions intends formulating medications/preventives as a measure to deal with this situation. Chemokines and their cognate receptors are major regulatory molecules in many of these ailments. Natural products have been a keen source to the drug development industry, every year contributing significantly to the growing list of FDA approved drugs. A multiverse of natural resource is employed as a part of curative regimen in folk/traditional/ethnomedicine which can be employed to discover, repurpose, and design potent medications for the diseases of clinical concern. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to systematically document the ethnopharmacologically active agents targeting the infectious-inflammatory diseases through the chemokine-receptor nexus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles related to chemokine/receptor modulating ethnopharmacological anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious natural sources, bioactive compounds, and formulations have been examined with special emphasis on women related diseases. The available literature has been thoroughly scrutinized for the application of traditional medicines in chemokine associated experimental methods, their regulatory outcomes, and pertinence to women's health wherever applicable. Moreover, the potential traditional regimens under clinical trials have been critically assessed. RESULTS A systematic and comprehensive review on the chemokine-receptor targeting ethnopharmaceutics from the available literature has been provided. The article discusses the implication of traditional medicine in the chemokine system dynamics in diverse infectious-inflammatory disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, allergic diseases, inflammatory diseases, neuroinflammation, and cancer. On this note, critical evaluation of the available data surfaced multiple diseases prevalent in women such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, breast cancer, cervical cancer and urinary tract infection. Currently there is no available literature highlighting chemokine-receptor targeting using traditional medicinal approach from women's health perspective. Moreover, despite being potent in vitro and in vivo setups there remains a gap in clinical translation of these formulations, which needs to be strategically and scientifically addressed to pave the way for their successful industrial translation. CONCLUSIONS The review provides an optimistic global perspective towards the applicability of ethnopharmacology in chemokine-receptor regulated infectious and inflammatory diseases with special emphasis on ailments prevalent in women, consecutively addressing their current status of clinical translation and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Yu J, Wang S, Chen SJ, Zheng MJ, Yuan CR, Lai WD, Wen JJ, You WT, Liu PQ, Khanna R, Jin Y. Sinomenine ameliorates fibroblast-like synoviocytes dysfunction by promoting phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of CRMP2. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117704. [PMID: 38176664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and arthritic pain. Sinomenine (SIN), derived from the rhizome of Chinese medical herb Qing Teng (scientific name: Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. Et Wils), has a longstanding use in Chinese traditional medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis. It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunosuppressive effects with minimal side-effects clinically. However, the mechanisms governing its effects in treatment of joint pathology, especially on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) dysfunction, and arthritic pain remains unclear. AIM This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of SIN on arthritic joint inflammation and joint FLSs dysfunctions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in rats and the therapeutic effects of SIN on joint pathology were evaluated histopathologically. Next, we conducted a series of experiments using LPS-induced FLSs, which were divided into five groups (Naïve, LPS, SIN 10, 20, 50 μg/ml). The expression of inflammatory factors was measured by qPCR and ELISA. The invasive ability of cells was detected by modified Transwell assay and qPCR. Transwell migration and cell scratch assays were used to assess the migration ability of cells. The distribution and content of relevant proteins were observed by immunofluorescence and laser confocal microscopy, as well as Western Blot and qPCR. FLSs were transfected with plasmids (CRMP2 T514A/D) to directly modulate the post-translational modification of CRMP2 protein and downstream effects on FLSs function was monitored. RESULTS SIN alleviated joint inflammation in rats with CIA, as evidenced by improvement of synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration and cartilage damage, as well as inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines release from FLSs induced by LPS. In vitro studies revealed a concentration-dependent suppression of SIN on the invasion and migration of FLSs induced by LPS. In addition, SIN downregulated the expression of cellular CRMP2 that was induced by LPS in FLSs, but increased its phosphorylation at residue T514. Moreover, regulation of pCRMP2 T514 by plasmids transfection (CRMP2 T514A/D) significantly influenced the migration and invasion of FLSs. Finally, SIN promoted nuclear translocation of pCRMP2 T514 in FLSs. CONCLUSIONS SIN may exert its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by modulating CRMP2 T514 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation of FLSs, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and suppressing abnormal invasion and migration. Phosphorylation of CRMP2 at the T514 site in FLSs may present a new therapeutic target for treating inflammatory joint's destruction and arthritic pain in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Song Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Si-Jia Chen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meng-Jia Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cun-Rui Yuan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Dong Lai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun-Jun Wen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen-Ting You
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, 317500, China
| | - Pu-Qing Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, College of Dentistry, and NYU Pain Research Center, New York, 10010, USA.
| | - Yan Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Hou W, Huang L, Huang H, Liu S, Dai W, Tang J, Chen X, Lu X, Zheng Q, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Lan J. Bioactivities and Mechanisms of Action of Sinomenine and Its Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:540. [PMID: 38276618 PMCID: PMC10818773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the roots and stems of Sinomenium acutum, has been extensively studied for its derivatives as bioactive agents. This review concentrates on the research advancements in the biological activities and action mechanisms of sinomenine-related compounds until November 2023. The findings indicate a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection, and immunosuppressive properties. These compounds are notably effective against breast, lung, liver, and prostate cancers, exhibiting IC50 values of approximately 121.4 nM against PC-3 and DU-145 cells, primarily through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Additionally, they manifest anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects predominantly via the NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Utilized in treating rheumatic arthritis, these alkaloids also play a significant role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, as well as organ protection through the NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. This review concludes with perspectives and insights on this topic, highlighting the potential of sinomenine-related compounds in clinical applications and the development of medications derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lejun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shenglan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jianhong Tang
- Laboratory Animal Engineering Research Center of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Xiangzhao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaolu Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qisheng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhinuo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (W.H.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (W.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jinxia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Wei Z, Li H, Lv S, Yang J. Current situation and trend of non-coding RNA in rheumatoid arthritis: a review and bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1301545. [PMID: 38292492 PMCID: PMC10824985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease that affects multiple joints and has adverse effects on various organs throughout the body, often leading to a poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown significant progress in the research of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in RA. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively assess the current status and research trends of ncRNAs in RA through a bibliometric analysis. Methods This study retrieved articles relevant to ncRNAs and RA from the Science Citation Index Expanded Database of the Web of Science Core Collection between January 1st, 2003, and July 31st, 2023. The relevant articles were screened based on the inclusion criteria. VOSviewer and CiteSpace are utilized for bibliometric and visual analysis. Results A total of 1697 publications were included in this study, and there was a noticeable increase in annual publications from January 1st, 2003, to July 31st, 2023. China, the United States, and the United Kingdom were the most productive countries in this field, contributing to 43.81%, 13.09%, and 3.87% of the publications. Anhui Medical University and Lu Qianjin were identified as the most influential institution and author. Frontiers In Immunology stood out as the most prolific journal, while Arthritis & Rheumatology was the most co-cited journal. Additionally, the research related to "circular RNA", "oxidative stress", "proliferation", and "migration" have emerged as new hotspots in the field. Conclusion In this study, we have summarized the publication characteristics related to ncRNA and RA and identified the most productive countries, institutions, authors, journals, hot topics, and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Wei
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huaiyu Li
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Senhao Lv
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junping Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Li JM, Yao YD, Luo JF, Liu JX, Lu LL, Liu ZQ, Dong Y, Xie Y, Zhou H. Pharmacological mechanisms of sinomenine in anti-inflammatory immunity and osteoprotection in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155114. [PMID: 37816287 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinomenine (SIN) is the main pharmacologically active component of Sinomenii Caulis and protects against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of SIN in the treatment of RA. However, the molecular mechanism of SIN in RA has not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE To summarize the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of SIN in RA and clarify the most valuable regulatory mechanisms of SIN to provide clues and a basis for basic research and clinical applications. METHODS We systematically searched SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), the Wanfang Databases, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP). We organized our work based on the PRISMA statement and selected studies for review based on predefined selection criteria. OUTCOME After screening, we identified 201 relevant studies, including 88 clinical trials and 113 in vivo and in vitro studies on molecular mechanisms. Among these studies, we selected key results for reporting and analysis. CONCLUSIONS We found that most of the known pharmacological mechanisms of SIN are indirect effects on certain signaling pathways or proteins. SIN was manifested to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β, thereby reducing the inflammatory response, and apparently blocking the destruction of bone and cartilage. The regulatory effects on inflammation and bone destruction make SIN a promising drug to treat RA. More notably, we believe that the modulation of α7nAChR and the regulation of methylation levels at specific GCG sites in the mPGES-1 promoter by SIN, and its mechanism of directly targeting GBP5, certainly enriches the possibilities and the underlying rationale for SIN in the treatment of inflammatory immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yun-Da Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jin-Fang Luo
- Basic Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guian District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510405, China.
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Alex BK, Anand U, Koshy EP, Dey A, Thomas G. Analysis of non-volatile metabolites and quantitation of the anti-arthritic alkaloid sinomenine from blood fruit (Haematocarpus validus (Miers) Bakh.f. ex Forman). NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2943-2955. [PMID: 37133789 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Haematocarpus validus (Miers) Bakh. f. ex Forman, a lesser-known fruit and medicinal plant of high nutraceutical and medicinal value, is used as anti-arthritic, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory agents in ethnomedicine. Metabolome studies in H. validus are a virgin area of research and here we report the spectra of non-volatiles present in the methanolic leaf and fruit extract, using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the alkaloid sinomenine was quantified using high-performance thin layer chromatography spectrodensitometric analysis owing to its pharmacological importance as anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory drug. Electrospray ionization with protonation in positive mode was selected for the analysis and the spectral data was interrogated using MassHunter software. A total of 40 compounds were identified from leaf and fruit samples and the major classes of compounds identified were alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tripeptides, vitamins, and related compounds. For separation and quantitation of sinomenine, chloroform:methanol:water (60:30:6.5, v/v) was used as the mobile phase and sinomenine hydrochloride as reference compound. The analysis confirmed the presence of sinomenine in both non-defatted and defatted methanolic leaf extract with quantities 45.73 and 26.02 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. H. validus is a non-conventional source of sinomenine, the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory alkaloid. Sinomenine detected in this study supports the ethnomedicinal uses of H. validus as an anti-arthritic agent. Further study is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of its anti-arthritic attributes as well as the corresponding structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessymole K Alex
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211007, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211007, India
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
| | - Eapen P Koshy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211007, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata-700073, West Bengal, India
| | - George Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211007, India.
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Tong Y, Li X, Deng Q, Shi J, Feng Y, Bai L. Advances of the small molecule drugs regulating fibroblast-like synovial proliferation for rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1230293. [PMID: 37547337 PMCID: PMC10400780 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1230293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a type of chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease. In the pathological process of RA, the alteration of fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) and its related factors is the main influence in the clinic and fundamental research. In RA, FLS exhibits a uniquely aggressive phenotype, leading to synovial hyperplasia, destruction of the cartilage and bone, and a pro-inflammatory environment in the synovial tissue for perpetuation and progression. Evidently, it is a highly promising way to target the pathological function of FLS for new anti-RA drugs. Based on this, we summed up the pathological mechanism of RA-FLS and reviewed the recent progress of small molecule drugs, including the synthetic small molecule compounds and natural products targeting RA-FLS. In the end, there were some views for further action. Compared with MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway has great potential for research as targets. A small number of synthetic small molecule compounds have entered the clinic to treat RA and are often used in combination with other drugs. Meanwhile, most natural products are currently in the experimental stage, not the clinical trial stage, such as triptolide. There is an urgent need to unremittingly develop new agents for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Tong
- Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qichuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Huang J, Zhou Z, Liu Z. A review on pharmacokinetics of sinomenine and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110227. [PMID: 37119677 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs), with significant effects on morbidity and mortality, are a broad spectrum of disorders featured by body's immune responses being directed against its own tissues, resulting in chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Sinomenine (SIN) is an alkaloid isolated from the root and stem of Sinomenium acutum which is mainly used to treat pain, inflammation and immune disorders for centuries in China. Its potential anti-inflammatory role for treating immune-related disorders in experimental animal models and in some clinical applications have been reported widely, suggesting an inspiring application prospect of SIN. In this review, the pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems, pharmacological mechanisms of action underlying the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of SIN, and the possibility of SIN as adjuvant to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy were summarized and evaluated. This paper aims to reveal the potential prospects and limitations of SIN in the treatment of inflammatory and immune diseases, and to provide ideas for compensating its limitations and reducing the side effects, and thus to make SIN better translate to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China; Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433299, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lvzhuo Zhang
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433299, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiangrong Huang
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China; Jingzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Zushan Zhou
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China; Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433299, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Medical Department, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China.
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Wang M, Zhang XM, Fu X, Zhang P, Hu WJ, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Alkaloids in genus stephania (Menispermaceae): A comprehensive review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115248. [PMID: 35430287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Approximately 60 species of the genus Stephania (Menispermaceae) are distributed worldwide. Among these, 39 species are located in South and Southwest China; in particular, these plants are rich in alkaloids and were used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against numerous ailments. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The purpose of this study was to provide organized information on the ethnopharmacological uses as well as the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluation of the alkaloids derived from plant species included in the genus Stephania. In addition, we aimed to provide comprehensive basic knowledge on the medicinal properties of these plants and establish meaningful guidelines for further research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information related to the Stephania genus was collected from scientific databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, and China Academic Journals (CNKI), within the last 20 years on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the plants in genus Stephania. Furthermore, information was obtained from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Flora of China. RESULTS Plant species belonging to the genus Stephania have been mentioned as traditional remedies and various alkaloidal compounds have been identified and isolated, including aporphine, proaporphine, morphinane, hasubanane, protoberberine, benzylisoquinoline, and bisbenzylisoquinoline and among others. The isolated alkaloidal compounds reportedly exhibited promising pharmacological properties, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-multidrug resistance, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective activities. CONCLUSIONS The genus Stephania is widely used in TCM. The ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the Stephania sp. Described in this review demonstrated that these plants contain numerous alkaloids and active constituents and display myriad pharmacological activities. Typically, research on the plants' pharmacological activity focuses on parts of the plants and the associated compounds. However, many Stephania species have rarely been studied, and the ethnomedicinal potential of those discovered has not been scientifically evaluated and needs to be further elucidated. Furthermore, quality control and toxicology studies are warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xian-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, 276006, China.
| | - Xin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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11
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Research on the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of Cangzhu in the treatment of gouty arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 927:175044. [PMID: 35643303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the active ingredients and elucidate the underlying mechanism of action of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC (namely, Cangzhu) for the treatment of gouty arthritis (GA) based on network pharmacology methods. These findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of GA. METHODS We used monosodium urate (MSU)-induced GA rats as a model to test the overall efficacy of Cangzhu in vivo. Then, the components of the Cangzhu decoction were analyzed and identified, and we screened the active ingredients and their targets. The GA disease targets were predicted by GeneCards and Disgenet databases and found to overlap in both databases. The STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network, followed by identification of the hub genes using Network Analyzer. Thereafter, Cytoscape software (version 3.8.2) was applied to construct a network for drug-active ingredient-key targets. Next, we applied cluego, a plug-in of Cytoscape, to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway enrichment analyses. Additionally, molecular docking was used to verify the characteristics of the key candidate components interacting with the hub therapeutic targets. Finally, we established an inflammatory injury model of LPS using RAW264.7 macrophages and used it to experimentally validate the critical active ingredients. RESULTS Cangzhu effectively protected against gouty arthritis in vivo, and network pharmacology results revealed various active ingredients in Cangzhu, such as wogonin, atractylenolide I and atractylenolide II. These compounds were found to act on 16 hub targets, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), recombinant mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) and transcription factor p65 (RELA), which have significant effects on regulating inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related pathways to improve the proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory imbalance in the body, and this may be one of the underlying mechanisms of Cangzhu in anti-GA. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that Cangzhu comprises multiple active components that exert various targeted effects during GA treatment. These findings provide relevant insights to illuminate the mechanism of Cangzhu in the treatment of GA and provide a reference for further experimental research.
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12
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Ali Reza ASM, Nasrin MS, Hossen MA, Rahman MA, Jantan I, Haque MA, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Mechanistic insight into immunomodulatory effects of food-functioned plant secondary metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:5546-5576. [PMID: 34955042 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2021138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Medicinally important plant-foods offer a balanced immune function, which is essential for protecting the body against antigenic invasion, mainly by microorganisms. Immunomodulators play pivotal roles in supporting immune function either suppressing or stimulating the immune system's response to invading pathogens. Among different immunomodulators, plant-based secondary metabolites have emerged as high potential not only for immune defense but also for cellular immunoresponsiveness. These natural immunomodulators can be developed into safer alternatives to the clinically used immunosuppressants and immunostimulant cytotoxic drugs which possess serious side effects. Many plants of different species have been reported to possess strong immunomodulating properties. The immunomodulatory effects of plant extracts and their bioactive metabolites have been suggested due to their diverse mechanisms of modulation of the complex immune system and their multifarious molecular targets. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates and polyphenols have been reported as responsible for the immunomodulatory effects of several medicinal plants. This review illustrates the potent immunomodulatory effects of 65 plant secondary metabolites, including dietary compounds and their underlying mechanisms of action on cellular and humoral immune functions in in vitro and in vivo studies. The clinical potential of some of the compounds to be used for various immune-related disorders is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S M Ali Reza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Samima Nasrin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amjad Hossen
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of sinomenine derivatives on rings A and C: Novel compounds screening for aplastic anemia targeting on cytotoxic T lymphocyte. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113791. [PMID: 34450495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), a key effector cell in aplastic anemia (AA) immune injury, is shown to be a potential target for AA drug therapy. However, there is no candidate for this target till now. Oriented by the inhibition activity of CTL and macrophage derived nitric oxide (NO), a series of novel sinomenine derivatives on rings A and C are designed, synthesized and screened. Among them, compound 3a demonstrates the best inhibitory activity on CTL with an IC50 value of 2.3 μM, and a 97.1% inhibiton rate on macrophage NO production without significant cytotoxicity. Further, compound 3a exhibits substantial therapeutic efficacy on immune-mediated BM failure in AA model mice by improving the symptoms of anemia and the function of BM hematopoiesis, and shows more advantages in life quality improving than cyclosporine A (CsA). Its efficacy on AA at least partly comes from targeting on activated cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ T cell. Additionally, 3a also shows much less toxicity (LD50 > 10.0 g/kg) than sinomenine (LD50 = 1.1 g/kg) in preliminary acute toxicity assessment in mice, and has a low risk to inhibit hERG to cause cardiotoxicity. These results indicate that compound 3a merits further investigation for AA treatment by targeting on CTL.
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14
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Özenver N, Efferth T. Phytochemical inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105710. [PMID: 34089866 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome holds a crucial role in innate immune responses. Pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns may initiate inflammasome activation and following inflammatory cytokine release. The inflammasome formation and its-associated activity are involved in various pathological conditions such as cardiovascular, central nervous system, metabolic, renal, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although the mechanism behind NLRP3-mediated disorders have not been entirely illuminated, many phytochemicals and medicinal plants have been described to prevent inflammatory disorders. In the present review, we mainly introduced phytochemicals inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in addition to NLRP3-mediated diseases. For this purpose, we performed a systematic literature search by screening PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. By compiling the data of phytochemical inhibitors targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a complex balance between inflammasome activation or inhibition with NLRP3 as central player was pointed out in NLRP3-driven pathological conditions. Phytochemicals represent potential therapeutic leads, enabling the generation of chemical derivatives with improved pharmacological features to treat NLRP3-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadire Özenver
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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15
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Kour G, Haq SA, Bajaj BK, Gupta PN, Ahmed Z. Phytochemical add-on therapy to DMARDs therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: In vitro and in vivo bases, clinical evidence and future trends. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105618. [PMID: 33878447 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of biologically active compounds derived from plants i.e. phytochemicals, have been known for ages for their pharmacological activities in the treatment of autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Besides enormous scientific evidence, the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals is often undervalued. The treatment in RA involves the use of synthetic and biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). However, the long-term treatment in RA is associated with the risk of gastrointestinal, liver, pulmonary and renal toxicities and serious infections including latent tuberculosis, pneumococcus influenza, herpes zoster and hepatitis. These adverse effects sometimes lead to discontinuation of the therapy. A relatively new vision based on the combination of DMARDs with phytochemicals exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties for the treatment of RA has achieved substantial importance in the last decade. From this perspective, the present review focuses on the combination of DMARDs (primarily MTX) with phytochemicals that have shown synergistic therapeutic effects while decreasing the toxic repercussions of current RA therapy. The review covers recent evidences of such combination studies that have shown promising results both in experimental arthritic models and clinical arthritis. Few of the combinations including resveratrol, sinomenine, coenzyme Q10 exhibited considerable interest because of their efficacy as an adjuvant to the MTX/standard DMARDs therapy in clinical trials. Besides giving an overview of such combination studies the review also critically discusses the limitations with the use of phytochemicals (e.g. solubility, permeability and bioavailability) compromising their clinical application. Additionally, it stresses upon the need of novel delivery systems and pharmaceutical technologies to increase the therapeutic efficacy of the combination therapy. Overall, the review unveils the potential of phytochemicals in combination with DMARDs with increased tolerability and superior efficacy in further refining the future of the RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Kour
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, J&K, India; School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road, Jammu Tawi, 180006 J&K, India
| | - Syed Assim Haq
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, J&K, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bijender Kumar Bajaj
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road, Jammu Tawi, 180006 J&K, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, J&K, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, J&K, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Wang RX, Zhou M, Ma HL, Qiao YB, Li QS. The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Various Diseases and Anti-inflammatory Therapies Containing Natural Products. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1576-1592. [PMID: 33528076 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents a long-term reaction of the body's immune system to noxious stimuli. Such a sustained inflammatory response sometimes results in lasting damage to healthy tissues and organs. In fact, chronic inflammation is implicated in the development and progression of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancers. Targeting nonresolving inflammation thus provides new opportunities for treating relevant diseases. In this review, we will go over several chronic inflammation-associated diseases first with emphasis on the role of inflammation in their pathogenesis. Then, we will summarize a number of natural products that exhibit therapeutic effects against those diseases by acting on different markers in the inflammatory response. We envision that natural products will remain a rich resource for the discovery of new drugs treating diseases associated with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xiao Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Lai Ma
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Biao Qiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
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Sharma D, Chaubey P, Suvarna V. Role of natural products in alleviation of rheumatoid arthritis-A review. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13673. [PMID: 33624882 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RHA) is one of the most prevalent complex, chronic, inflammatory diseases, manifested by elevated oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Prolonged administration of NSAIDs, steroids, and DMARDs, used in the treatment of RHA, is associated with deleterious side effects. This necessitates the urge of new and safe approaches for RHA management, based on the complementary and alternative system of medicine. Documented evidences have suggested that supplementation with nutritional, dietary, and herbal components; can play a crucial role as an adjuvant, in the alleviation of the RHA symptoms, through their influence on the pathological inflammatory processes. Dietary phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids with their ability to modulate prooxidant and pro-inflammatory pathways, have been effective in delaying the arthritic disease progression. Moreover, in scientific explorations, herbs containing phenolic compounds, alkaloids, carotenoids flavonoids, spices such as ginger, turmeric, Ayurvedic formulations, different diets such as Mediterranean diet, vegan diet, beverages, and oils such as sesame oil, rice bran oil, vitamins, and probiotics are proven to modulate the action of inflammatory molecules, involved in RHA pathology. Subsequently, the purpose of this review article is to summarize various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies in RHA, which have documented remarkable insights into the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and immunomodulatory, bone erosion preventing properties of dietary, nutritional, and herbal components with the focus on their molecular level mechanisms involved in RHA. Even though major findings were derived from in vitro studies, several in vivo and clinical studies have established the use of diet, herbal, and nutritional management in RHA treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Thickening of the synovial membrane, bone erosion, and cartilage destruction is known to trigger rheumatoid arthritis causing inflammation and pain in bone joints. Continuous intake of NSAIDs, steroids, and DMARD therapy are associated with detrimental side effects. These side effects can be overcome by the use of dietary, nutritional, and herbal interventions based on the complementary and alternative therapy. This concept portrays the food components and other natural components having the potential to promote health, improve general well-being, and reduce the risk of RHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhvani Sharma
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramila Chaubey
- College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vasanti Suvarna
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Chu M, Wu P, Hong M, Zeng H, Wong CK, Feng Y, Cai Z, Lu WW. Lingzhi and San-Miao-San with hyaluronic acid gel mitigate cartilage degeneration in anterior cruciate ligament transection induced osteoarthritis. J Orthop Translat 2020; 26:132-140. [PMID: 33437632 PMCID: PMC7773973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the mitigate efficacy of Chinese medicine Lingzhi (LZ) and San-Miao-San (SMS) combined with hyaluronic acid (HA)-gel in attenuating cartilage degeneration in traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). Methods The standardized surgery of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was made from the medial compartment of right hind limbs of 8-week-old female SD rats and resulted in a traumatic OA. Rats (n = 5/group) were treated once intra-articular injection of 50 μl HA-gel, 50 μl HA-gel+50 μg LZ-SMS, 50 μl of saline+50 μg LZ-SMS and null (ACLT group) respectively, except sham group. Limbs were harvested for μCT scan and histopathological staining 3-month post-treatment. Inflammatory cytokines from plasma and synovial fluid were detected using Immunology Multiplex Assay kit. The putative targets of active compounds in LZ-SMS and known therapeutic targets for OA were combined to construct protein–protein interaction network. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was adopted to predict the potential targets and signaling pathway of LZ-SMS in OA through the tool of DAVID Bioinformatics. Results In vivo, HA-gel + LZ-SMS treatment resulted in a higher volume ratio of hyaline cartilage (HC)/calcified cartilage (CC) and HC/Sum (total volume of cartilage), compared to ACLT and HA-gel groups. In addition, histological results showed the elevated cartilage matrix, chondrogenic and osteoblastic signals in HA-gel + LZ-SMS treatment. Treatment also significantly altered subchondral bone (SCB) structure including an increase in BV/TV, Tb.Th, BMD, Conn.Dn, Tb.N, and DA, as well as a significant decrease in Tb.Sp and Po(tot), which implied a protective effect on maintaining the stabilization of tibial SCB microstructure. Furthermore, there was also a down-regulated inflammatory cytokines and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in HA+LZ-SMS group. Finally, 64 shared targets from 37 active compounds in LZ-SMS related to the core genes for the development of OA. LZ-SMS has a putative role in regulating inflammatory circumstance through influencing the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion Our study elucidated a protective effect of HA-gel + LZ-SMS in mitigating cartilage degradation and putative interaction with targets and signaling pathway for the development of traumatic OA. The translational potential of this article Our results provide a biological rationale for the use of LZ-SMS as a potential candidate for OA treatment.
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Key Words
- 3D, Three-dimensional
- AC, Articular cartilage
- ACLT, Anterior cruciate ligament transection
- Acan, Aggrecan
- Articular cartilage
- BMD, Bone mineral density
- BV/TV, Bone volume fraction
- CC, Calcified cartilage
- Conn.Dn, Connectivity density
- DA, Degree of anisotropy
- DL, Drug-likeness
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- FDR, False discovery rate
- GO, Gene ontology
- HA, Hyaluronic acid
- HC, Hyaline cartilage
- Hyaluronic acid gel
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LZ-SMS, Lingzhi-San-Miao-San
- Lingzhi and San-Miao-San
- MZ, Middle zone area of articular cartilage
- NC, Negative control
- OA, Osteoarthritis
- OB, Oral bioavailability
- OMIM, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
- Osteoarthritis
- PPI, Protein–protein interaction
- Po(tot), Total porosity
- ROI, Region of Interest
- SC, Superficial cartilage
- SCB, Subchondral bone
- SZ, Superficial zone of articular cartilage
- Subchondral trabecular bone
- Sum, Whole cartilage
- TCM, Traditional Chinese medicine
- TCMSP, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database
- Tb.N, Trabecular number
- Tb.Pf, Trabecular bone pattern factor
- Tb.Sp, Trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, Trabecular thickness
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chu
- Faulty of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Hong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huasong Zeng
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhe Cai
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.,The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
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Metabolic mechanism and anti-inflammation effects of sinomenine and its major metabolites N-demethylsinomenine and sinomenine-N-oxide. Life Sci 2020; 261:118433. [PMID: 32950572 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sinomenine (SIN) is clinically used as an anti-rheumatic drug. However, the metabolic and pharmacological mechanisms of SIN combined with its metabolites are unclear. This study aims to explore the cyclic metabolic mechanism of SIN, the anti-inflammation effects of SIN and its major metabolites (N-demethylsinomenine (DS) and sinomenine-N-oxide (SNO)), and the oxidation property of SNO. MATERIALS AND METHODS SIN was administrated to rats via gavage. Qishe pills (a SIN-containing drug) were orally administrated to humans. The bio-samples were collected to identify SIN's metabolites. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic incubations were used to reveal SIN's metabolic mechanism. Impacts of SIN, SNO and DS on the inflammation-related cytokine's levels and nuclear translocation of NF-κB were evaluated in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells. ROS induced by SNO (10 μM) was also assessed. KEY FINDINGS CYP3A4 and ROS predominantly mediated the formation of SNO, and CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 primarily mediated the formation of DS. Noteworthily, SNO underwent N-oxide reduction both enzymatically, by xanthine oxidase (XOD), and non-enzymatically, by ferrous ion and heme moiety. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and nuclear translocation of NF-κB were ameliorated after pretreatment of SIN in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells, while limited attenuations were observed after pretreatment of DS (SNO) even at 200 μM. In contrast, SNO induced ROS production. SIGNIFICANCE This study elucidated that SIN underwent both enzymatic and non-enzymatic cyclic metabolism and worked as the predominant anti-inflammation compound, while SNO induced ROS production, suggesting more studies of SIN combined with SNO and DS are necessary in case of DDI and potential toxicities.
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20
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Cao F, Cheng MH, Hu LQ, Shen HH, Tao JH, Li XM, Pan HF, Gao J. Natural products action on pathogenic cues in autoimmunity: Efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis as compared to classical treatments. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105054. [PMID: 32645358 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which are characterized by self-perpetuating inflammation and tissue/organ damage, resulting from the failure of lymphocyte auto-tolerance, cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current drugs or therapies including conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), as well as several biologic therapies such as B cell-targeted, T cell-targeted, cytokines-targeted and cytokines receptors-targeted therapy, cannot completely cure SLE and RA, and are always accompanied by unexpected side effects. Therefore, more studies have explored new methods for therapy and found that the herbal medicine as well as its natural products (NPs) exhibited promising therapeutic value through exerting effects of immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis, etc. via regulating abnormal responses in kidney, innate and adaptive immune systems, intestine, synoviocytes, as well as bone system including chondrocytes, osteoclasts, joints and paw tissues. In the present review, we will elucidate the current mainstream drugs and therapies for SLE and RA, and summarize the efficacy and mechanisms of NPs in the treatment of SLE and RA based on available findings including in vitro and in vivo animal models, as well as clinical studies, and further analyze the existing challenges, in order to provide comprehensive evidence for improvement of SLE and RA therapy by NPs and to promote management of these two autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Han Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Qin Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Hui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No.17 Lu Jiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No.17 Lu Jiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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21
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Analgesic Mechanism of Sinomenine against Chronic Pain. Pain Res Manag 2020; 2020:1876862. [PMID: 32454918 PMCID: PMC7225909 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1876862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purified from the roots of the plant Sinomenium acutum, sinomenine is traditionally used in China and Japan for treating rheumatism and arthritis. Previously, we have demonstrated that sinomenine possessed a broad analgesic spectrum in various chronic pain animal models and repeated administration of sinomenine did not generate tolerance. In this review article, we discussed sinomenine's analgesic mechanism with focus on its role on immune regulation and neuroimmune interaction. Sinomenine has distinct immunoregulative properties, in which glutamate, adenosine triphosphate, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines are thought to be involved. Sinomenine may alter the unbalanced neuroimmune interaction and inhibit neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and central sensitization in chronic pain states. In conclusion, sinomenine has promising potential for chronic pain management in different clinical settings.
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22
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Cai Z, Hong M, Xu L, Yang K, Li C, Sun T, Feng Y, Zeng H, Lu WW, Chiu KY. Prevent action of magnoflorine with hyaluronic acid gel from cartilage degeneration in anterior cruciate ligament transection induced osteoarthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:109733. [PMID: 32113051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Chinese medicine, magnoflorine exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects and potentially promoted synthesis of proteoglycans in chondrocytes to reverse the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the latent beneficial effect of magnoflorine for the treatment of traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) is still unknown. Therefore, we aim to demonstrate the efficacy of magnoflorine combined with HA-gel in attenuating cartilage degeneration in anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced OA rat model. We found that the histological results showed the elevated cartilage matrix, chondrogenic signals and chondroprogenitor cells in HA-gel + magnoflorine treatment. HA-gel + magnoflorine treatment resulted in a decreased modified Mankin's score, and a higher volume ratio of hyaline cartilage (HC)/calcified cartilage (CC) and HC/Sum (whole cartilage), compared to ACLT and HA-gel groups. Furthermore, both the volume ratios of HC/Sum and HC/CC were negatively correlated with modified Mankin's scores. Finally, HA-gel + magnoflorine could significantly increase the BV/TV, Tb.Th, and decrease the Tb.Pf, Po(tot), Conn.Dn and Tb.Sp. In vitro, 50 μg/ml magnoflorine treatment could significantly increase the viability, S-phase, migration rate and chondrogenesis of chondroprogenitor cells. There were significant downregulations of MAPK/NF-κB signaling, and upregulations of chondrogenic signals in 50 μg/ml magnoflorine treatment. There were significant downregulations of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of IL-10 in HA-gel + magnoflorine treated group. Therefore, our study elucidated a protective effect of HA-gel + magnoflorine on attenuating cartilage degradation and maintaining SCB stabilization in ACLT induced OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cai
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, 1. Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China; 2. Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Hong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kedi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chentian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tianhao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Huasong Zeng
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kwong-Yuen Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Chu XQ, Zhang Y, Huang J, Li Q, Li ZG, Jiang JQ, Gui SY. The Effect of Prescription on the Framework of Lipid Matrix and In Vitro Properties. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:737-750. [PMID: 31250753 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190620115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the inner framework and relative properties in vitro of Lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) based on various prescriptions by using hydrophilic sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) and lipophilic cinnamaldehyde (CA) as model drugs. METHODS Phase structures were checked by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Rheological studies and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) analysis were carried out to reveal their molecular interactions. In vitro release and skin permeation were conducted by Franz diffusion cell. RESULTS PLM and SAXS showed double diamond cubic crystal. All the samples displayed characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid, and the molecular interactions increased with the reducing water. ATRFTIR showed that the strongest strength of hydrogen bond emerged in the formulation with 32% water. Released SH of S2 and S3 arrived over 80%, while S1 only reached 45%, and that of CA was about 23%. Water-rich prescription gave higher percutaneous penetration for hydrophilic drugs, whereas no significant difference existed in CA permeation. CONCLUSION Proportion of Phytantriol to water determined the LLC assembling and affected the dissolving status of hydrophilic substance, thereby impacting on the location sites of guest molecular interactions among the substances, rheology properties, and finally the release and penetration behavior in vitro. Adjusting the basic prescription was the key to obtain satisfactory percutaneous delivery and stability for LLC carrying multi-therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Zheng-Guang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jian-Qin Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Cellular and molecular biology Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuang-Ying Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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Bilen S, Sirtiyah AMA, Terzi E. Therapeutic effects of beard lichen, Usnea barbata extract against Lactococcus garvieae infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:401-409. [PMID: 30711494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, therapeutic effects of aqueous methanolic extracts of beard lichen (Usnea barbata) against Lactococcus garvieae (ATCC 43921) in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Six different experimental groups [0 mg/100 μL (Control), 4 mg/100 μL, 8 mg/100 μL, 12 mg/100 μL, 6 mg/100 μL florfenicol (positive control), 6 mg/100 μL erythromycin (positive control)] were set up to determine effects of lichen extract on immune responses and survival rate. In the study, superoxide radical production was increased in fish treated with 12 mg beard lichen extract, florfenicol and erythromycin compared to that of control (P < 0.05). Lysozyme activity was generally decreased (P < 0.05) or no differences were observed in all experimental groups compared to that of control (P > 0.05). Myeloperoxidase was significantly increased in all antibiotic treated groups. No differences were observed in liver histology of experimental groups compared to control. Cytokine gene expressions were elevated in all experimental groups compared to that of control (P < 0.05), except IL-1β expression at 10th day sampling time. Other immune related genes (IL-8, TGF- β, IL-12 Beta, TNFα1, IL-10, COX-2, IL-6, TLR5, C3, IGM, MHC-II, iNOS, IgT, IFN1, IFN2, IFN reg) were also elevated in all experimental groups compared to that of control group. The survival rates obtained in 4 mg beard lichen treated group, 8 mg beard lichen treated group and erythromycin treated group were 73.08, 65.38 and 80.77% respectively. Our results suggest that beard lichen methanolic extract could be an effective therapeutic agent to be used against L. garvieae infection in rainbow trout at the dose of 4 mg/17.41 ± 0.3 g body weight/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Bilen
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | | | - Ertugrul Terzi
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Cai Z, Feng Y, Li C, Yang K, Sun T, Xu L, Chen Y, Yan CH, Lu WW, Chiu KY. Magnoflorine with hyaluronic acid gel promotes subchondral bone regeneration and attenuates cartilage degeneration in early osteoarthritis. Bone 2018; 116:266-278. [PMID: 30149068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate efficacy of Chinese medicine magnoflorine combined with hyaluronic acid (HA)-gel in promoting subchondral bone (SCB) regeneration and attenuating cartilage degeneration in early osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS MC3T3-E1 under magnoflorine treatment was assayed by XTT to determine cell viability. Cell proliferation was reflected through cell cycle. Osteoblast mineralization was stained by Alizarin Red. Standardized bone canal of 1 mm in diameter and 4 mm in depth was made on tibial medial plateau of 4-month-old Dunkin-Hartley spontaneous knee OA guinea pigs. Guinea pigs (n = 5/group) were treated once intra-bone canal injection of 2 μl HA-gel, 2 μl HA-gel+50 ng magnoflorine and null (Defect) respectively, except sham group. The left hind limbs were harvested for μCT scan and histopathological staining 2-month post-surgery. RESULTS 25 μg/ml magnoflorine treatment significantly increased cell viability, S-phase and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. In vivo, HA-gel + magnoflorine treatment significantly altered SCB microstructure; changes included increase in bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), connectivity density (Conn.Dn), and decrease in degree of anisotropy (DA), which implied trabecular bone regeneration. Treatment also resulted in a decrease in modified Mankin's scores, and an increase in volume ratio of hyaline cartilage (HC)/calcified cartilage (CC) and fractal dimension (FD, roughness indicator of osteochondral conjunction), compared to Defect and HA groups. Furthermore, FD was positively associated with volume ratio of HC/CC and negatively associated with modified Mankin's scores. Finally, histological results showed that due to a faster regeneration of SCB with the HA-gel + magnoflorine treatment, the reduction of cartilage matrix and the decreased expression of chondrogenic signals were attenuated. CONCLUSION Our study elucidated the potential benefits of HA-gel + magnoflorine in promoting SCB regeneration and revealed a protective effect of stimulating recovery of the SCB integrity on attenuating cartilage degradation to prevent OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chentian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kedi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tianhao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chun-Hoi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kwong-Yuen Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Wang Y, Li M, Yu X, Chen A, Ding Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Sinomenine hydrochloride inhibits cell survival in human hepatoma Huh7 cells. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:510-516. [PMID: 29971142 PMCID: PMC6026808 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of sinomenine hydrochloride (SIN) on cell survival/proliferation in the human hepatoma cell line Huh7, as well as determine the underlying mechanisms. Three different doses of SIN, 140, 280 and 560 µM, were tested. Cellular apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to determine protein levels of the apoptosis-associated regulators, cleaved caspase 3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak) and Bcl-extra large (Bcl-xl), as well as the cell cycle-related regulators, p21 and p27. It was observed that the three doses of SIN were able to suppress Huh7 cell survival/proliferation, and efficiently induce cellular apoptosis as well as multiphase cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, SIN treatment upregulated the levels of the pro-apoptotic regulators, cleaved caspase 3 and Bax, and downregulated the level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xl. Additionally, SIN treatment also increased the protein levels of p21 and p27, as two regulators functioning to slow cell cycle progression. Taken together, the present studied indicated SIN to be a promising compound for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, based on its apparent effect in modulating cell apoptosis and the cell cycle in Huh7 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Experimental Center, School of Chemistry Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xuesong Yu
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ali Chen
- Experimental Center, School of Chemistry Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ding
- Experimental Center, School of Chemistry Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Experimental Center, School of Chemistry Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Yue M, Zhang X, Dou Y, Wei Z, Tao Y, Xia Y, Dai Y. Gut-Sourced Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Induced by the Activation of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Substantially Contributes to the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Sinomenine in Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:675. [PMID: 29997506 PMCID: PMC6028598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine has long been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in China. However, its anti-inflammatory mechanism is still debatable because the in vitro minimal effective concentration (≥250 μM) is hardly reached in either synovium or serum after oral administration at a therapeutic dose. Recent findings suggest that the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) might mediate the inhibitory effect of sinomenine on macrophage activation, which attracts us to explore the anti-arthritis mechanism of sinomenine by taking neuroendocrine-inflammation axis into consideration. Here, we showed that orally administered sinomenine ameliorated the systemic inflammation of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats, which was significantly diminished by either vagotomy or the antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (especially the antagonist of α7nAChR), but not by the antagonists of muscarinic receptor. Sinomenine might bind to α7nAChR through interacting with the residues Tyr184 and Tyr191 in the pocket. In addition, the generation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) from the gut of CIA rats and cultured neuron-like cells was selectively enhanced by sinomenine through the activation of α7nAChR-PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The elevated levels of VIP in the serum and small intestine of rats were negatively correlated with the scores of joint destruction. The crucial role of VIP in the anti-arthritic effect of sinomenine was confirmed by using VIP hybrid, a non-specific antagonist of VIP receptor. Taken together, intestine-sourced VIP mediates the anti-arthritic effect of sinomenine, which is generated by the activation of α7nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengFan Yue
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - XinYu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YanNong Dou
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - ZhiFeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - YuFeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Sinomenine inhibits fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation by regulating α7nAChR expression via ERK/Egr-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Cai Y, Wang S, Guo W, Xie Z, Zheng Y, Cao Z, Zhou Y. Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the immune responsive pathways and genes in the head kidney of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) fed with Spatholobus suberectus, Phellodendron amurense, or Eclipta prostrata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:100-111. [PMID: 29222026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, is an economically important fish in Southeast Asia but has been plagued by several diseases. Spatholobus suberectus (S), Phellodendron amurense (P), and Eclipta prostrate (E) are three commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs. Although previous pharmacological and clinical studies indicated that S, P, and E possess a variety of beneficial functions in mammals, little is known about their functions in farmed fish and the underlying molecular mechanism of their actions. Challenge tests in this study showed that after 14 days of diet supplement, all these herbs could effectively enhance the disease resistance of E. fuscoguttatus against Vibrio harveyi. However, the non-specific immune parameters of the herb-supplemented groups were not significantly different from the control group. To further explore the molecular mechanism of herbal immune-regulating effects on E. fuscoguttatus, transcriptome sequencing and RNA-Seq technique were applied on E. fuscoguttatus kidney. De novo transcriptome assembly of E. fuscoguttatus kidney yield 80,014 unigenes, among which, 44,901 (56.12%) were annotated with at least one of the public databases (Nr, Nt, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, COG, GO). Among these, 22,738, 11,700 and 27,457 unigenes were assigned to 57, 25 and 258 categories of GO, COG and KEGG databases, respectively. Using Solexa/Illumina's DGE platform, a total of 231, 186 and 144 putative differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in P, E and S group compared with the control group. GO analysis indicated that in P and E, down-regulated DEGs were dominant in almost every GO term; whereas in S, up-regulated DEGs were more dominant. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that putative DEGs in all three herb groups were obviously enriched in the pathways related to infective diseases and immune system. We also identified a number of immune relative genes and pathways (TLR5, IL8 and MAPK pathway, for instance) associated with P, E and S's regulatory effects on E. fuscoguttatus. This study will enrich the E. fuscoguttatus transcriptome database, contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the immunoregulatory activities of Chinese medicinal herbs on teleost and provide valuable information on the prevention of grouper Vibrio diseases using Chinese medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China.
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China.
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MRGPRX2 is essential for sinomenine hydrochloride induced anaphylactoid reactions. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 146:214-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Le Rossignol S, Ketheesan N, Haleagrahara N. Redox-sensitive transcription factors play a significant role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 37:129-143. [PMID: 28898138 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1363198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which is associated with significant morbidity. Redox sensitive transcription factors including NF-κB, HIF, AP-1, and Nrf2 are intimately involved in the pathogenesis of RA. The treatment of this disease is limited by the elusive nature of the pathogenesis of RA. NF-κB is crucial for the maturation of immune cells as well as production of TNFα and MMPs, which escalate RA. HIF is essential for activation of inflammatory cells, angiogenesis and pannus formation in RA. AP-1 regulates cytokine and MMP production as well as synovial hyperplasia which are key processes in RA. Nrf2 is involved with chondrogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, prostaglandin secretion and ROS production in RA. Targeting two or more of these transcription factors may result in increased efficacy than either therapy in isolation. This review will highlight the control specific mediators on these transcription factors, the subsequent effect of these transcription factors once activated, and then mesh this with the pathogenesis of RA. The elucidation of key transcription factor regulation in the pathogenesis of RA may highlight the novel therapy interventions which may prove to have a greater efficacy than those therapies currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Le Rossignol
- a College of Medicine and Dentistry , James Cook University Townsville , Queensland , Australia
| | - Natkunam Ketheesan
- b Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences , James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland , Australia.,c Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland , Australia
| | - Nagaraja Haleagrahara
- b Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences , James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland , Australia.,c Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland , Australia
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Li L, Luo Z, Song Z, Zheng L, Chen T. Pre-transplant infusion of donor-derived dendritic cells maintained at the immature stage by sinomenine increases splenic Foxp3 + Tregs in recipient rats after renal allotransplantation. Transpl Immunol 2017; 45:22-28. [PMID: 28802587 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immunosuppressive mechanism of sinomenine in organ allotransplantation was investigated, especially its effect of blocking dendritic cell (DC) maturation, which might influence the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs). METHODS Bone marrow cells from male donor Wistar rats were induced to differentiate into DCs in vitro in the presence or absence of sinomenine, and characterized by flow cytometry. These two groups of DCs were respectively injected into male recipient Sprague-Dawley rats via the tail vein, at both high and low doses. Sprague-Dawley rats receiving saline injection were used as controls. Seven days later, renal transplantation was performed from donor Wistar rats to the recipient Sprague-Dawley rats. Seven days after transplantation, spleens were collected from the recipients. The proportions of Tregs and Foxp3+ Tregs to CD4+ T cells were determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS With sinomenine treatment, the frequency of mature DCs was reduced, as indicated by lower expression of the surface markers CD80, CD86, and RT1B. In recipient Sprague-Dawley rats that received sinomenine-treated DCs before renal allotransplantation, the proportions of splenic Tregs and Foxp3+ Tregs were significantly higher than in control recipients receiving saline or DCs without sinomenine treatment (all p<0.05). A high dose of sinomenine-treated DCs (106 cells) had a more obvious effect in increasing Tregs than the low dose (105 cells) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Pre-transplant infusion of donor-derived sinomenine-induced maturation arrested DCs could result in the increase of Foxp3+ Tregs in the spleens of recipients after renal allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Luo
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhe Song
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Liwen Zheng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hengyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, Hunan, China
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Zhang J, Li C, Zheng Y, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Inhibition of angiogenesis by arsenic trioxide via TSP-1-TGF-β1-CTGF-VEGF functional module in rheumatoid arthritis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73529-73546. [PMID: 29088724 PMCID: PMC5650279 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although anti-TNF biologics work effectively on some RA patients, concerns have been raised about the possible increased development of malignancies alongside such treatments. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has attracted worldwide attention and has been reported to treat some cancers. However, the effects of As2O3 on angiogenesis in the RA synovium remain unclear. Here, we report a systematic increased expression of TSP-1, TGF-β1, CTGF and VEGF in supernatants of a RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) co-culture compared with those from a normal human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (NH-FLS) and HDMECs co-culture. This increased expression may up-regulate endothelial tube formation and transwell migration, as well as microvessel sprouting in ex vivo aortic ring assay. These networked angiogenic factors mainly form a functional module regulating angiogenesis in the RA synovium. We show that As2O3 inhibits angiogenesis in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) synovium and consequently arthritis severity via significant suppression of TSP-1, TGF-β1, CTGF and VEGF expression in the CIA synovium, plus in the RA-FLS and HDMECs co-culture as well as NH-FLS and HDMECs co-culture system along with the presence or absence of TNF-α treatment. Thus As2O3 has a significant anti-angiogenesis effect on the RA-FLS and CIA synovium via its inhibition of the RA angiogenic functional module of TSP-1, TGF-β1, CTGF and VEGF and may have a potential for treating RA beyond cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nan Gang, Harbin, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nan Gang, Harbin, China
| | - Yining Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nan Gang, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiguo Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nan Gang, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nan Gang, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nan Gang, Harbin, China
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Celik Altunoglu Y, Bilen S, Ulu F, Biswas G. Immune responses to methanolic extract of black cumin (Nigella sativa) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:103-109. [PMID: 28602677 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune stimulating effects of the methanolic extract of black cumin (Nigella sativa) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated. Variable concentrations of black cumin methanolic extract [0 (Control), 0.1 and 0.5 g kg-1 of feed] were individually added to the basal diet and rainbow trout was fed for 30 days to assess the innate immune responses and growth performance. Feed conversion ratio significantly decreased in the group fed with 0.5 g kg-1 black cumin extract. Respiratory burst activity was observed to be the highest in the 0.5 g kg-1 black cumin extract fed group. Lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities were significantly increased in fish of experimental groups compared to control (P < 0.05). TGF-β gene expression increased in black cumin 0.5 g kg-1 treated group. IL-1β and TGF-β gene expressions decreased in black cumin 0.1 g kg-1 administered group. Expression of IL-12 gene diminished in both the experimental groups. There was no significant difference in survival rates between black cumin extract treated fish groups and control (P > 0.05) after challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results indicate that the methanolic extract of black cumin is a stimulator of some innate humoral immune responses, but it is ineffective for cytokine-related gene trancriptions in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Soner Bilen
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Basic Sciences, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Ferhat Ulu
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Gouranga Biswas
- ICAR- Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Kakdwip Research Centre, Kakdwip, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal 743347, India
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Sinomenine Protects PC12 Neuronal Cells against H2O2-induced Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress via a ROS-dependent Up-regulation of Endogenous Antioxidant System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 37:1387-1398. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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36
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Recent Trends in Pharmacological Activity of Alkaloids in Animal Colitis: Potential Use for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8528210. [PMID: 28191024 PMCID: PMC5278565 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8528210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and disrupted inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD have two main conditions, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and have been extensively investigated in recent years. Antibiotics derived from salicylates, steroids, immunosuppressors, and anti-TNF therapy are part of the therapeutic arsenal for IBD. However, very often patients stop responding to treatments over the time. In this context, searching for alternative agents is crucial for IBD clinical management. Natural products derived from medicinal plants are an interesting therapeutic alternative, since several studies have proven effective treatments in animal models of intestinal inflammation. Several naturally occurring compounds are potent antioxidants, both as free radical scavengers and as modulators of antioxidant enzymes expression and activity. A number of natural compounds have also been proved to inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines, decreasing the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which is important to the inflammatory response in IBD. The alkaloids are substances of a very diverse class of plant secondary metabolites; an extensive list of biological activities has been attributed to alkaloids, such as being anticholinergic, antitumor, diuretic, antiviral, antihypertensive, antiulcer, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory. In the present work, studies on the pharmacological activity of alkaloids in experimental models of IBD were reviewed.
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Li R, Guo LX, Li Y, Chang WQ, Liu JQ, Liu LF, Xin GZ. Dose-response characteristics of Clematis triterpenoid saponins and clematichinenoside AR in rheumatoid arthritis rats by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based serum and urine metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 136:81-91. [PMID: 28064091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for treating arthritic disease. Clematis triterpenoid saponins (TS) and clematichinenoside AR (C-AR) have been considered to be responsible for its antiarthritic effects. However, the underling mechanism is still unclear because of their low bioavailability. To address of this issue, metabolomics tools were performed to determine metabolic variations associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and responses to Clematis TS, C-AR and positive drug (Triptolide, TP) treatments. This metabolomics investigation of RA was conducted in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical tools were used to identify the alteration of serum and urine metabolites associated with RA and responses to drug treatment. As a result, 45 potential metabolites associated with RA were identified. After treatment, a total of 24 biomarkers were regulated to normal like levels. Among these, PC(18:0/20:4), 9,11-octadecadienoic acid, arachidonic acid, 1-methyladenosine, valine, hippuric acid and pantothenic acid etc, were reversed in Clematis TS and C-AR groups. Tetrahydrocortisol was regulated to normal levels in Clematis TS and TP groups, while 3,7,12-trihydroxycholan-24-oic acid was regulated in C-AR and TP groups. Biomarkers like citric acid, p-cresol glucuronide, creatinine, cortolone were reversed in TP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin-Xiu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Qi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Xingwan Road, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Yin L, Qin F, Zhou Y, Qi X. Enhancing percutaneous permeability of sinomenine hydrochloride using dual-frequency sonophoresis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bilen S, Altunoglu YC, Ulu F, Biswas G. Innate immune and growth promoting responses to caper (Capparis spinosa) extract in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:206-212. [PMID: 27546553 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine responses, non-specific immune activity and growth promotion effect of dietary caper (Capparis spinosa) supplementation were examined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Rainbow trout (12.04 ± 0.71 g) were fed diets containing three doses of caper methanolic extract [0 (Control), 0.1 and 0.5 g kg(-1) of feed] for 30 days. At the end of the feeding trial, expression levels of cytokine genes that included IL-1β, IL-8, TGF-β, IL-12p40, TNF-α1 and IL-10 in head kidney was analyzed using qRT-PCR, and blood and serum were collected to determine superoxide anion production (SAP), phagocytic, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities. Expression levels of all cytokines, except TNF-α1 were elevated in the 0.1 g kg(-1) caper extract fed fish group compared to other groups. In 0.5 g kg(-1) caper extract treated fish, only IL-12p40 and IL-10 genes were up-regulated compared to control group fish. SAP was increased in both caper extract treated groups compared to the control, and the highest level was observed in the 0.1 g kg(-1) group. Phagocytic activity in both the caper extract treated groups was increased compared to control with no differences observed between those groups. Lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities were recorded to be the highest in the 0.1 g kg(-1) fed fish group compared to other groups. Growth promotion was affected positively when caper doses were increased. Survival rate was significantly higher in 0.1 and 0.5 g kg(-1) caper extract treated fish groups compared to control (P < 0.05) after challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. These results indicate that caper extract stimulates innate immunity through cytokine-mediated responses and promote growth in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Bilen
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Basic Sciences, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Ulu
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Gouranga Biswas
- Kakdwip Research Centre of ICAR, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Kakdwip, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal 743347, India
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40
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Cai Z, Wong CK, Dong J, Jiao D, Chu M, Leung PC, Lau CBS, Lau CP, Tam LS, Lam CWK. Anti-inflammatory activities of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) and San-Miao-San supplements in MRL/lpr mice for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Chin Med 2016; 11:23. [PMID: 27134645 PMCID: PMC4851790 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi; LZ) and San-Miao-San (SMS) are Chinese medicines (CMs) used to treat inflammatory ailments and numbing syndrome/arthralgia syndrome (Bi Zheng), respectively. Given that the main symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) include inflammation of the joints, joint pain, edema and palpitations of the heart because of problems associated with Bi Zheng, it was envisaged that LZ and SMS could be used as potential treatments for this autoimmune disease. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of a combination formulation containing LZ and SMS (LZ-SMS) in SLE mice. METHODS Female adult Balb/c mice of 20-24 weeks of age were used as normal mice (n = 10), whereas female MRL/lpr mice of 12-24 weeks of age were divided into three groups (n = 10 in each group), including mild, moderate and severe SLE mice groups. The clinical characteristics of the SLE and Babl/c mice (i.e., body weight, joint thickness, lupus flare, proteinuria, leukocyturia and lymphadenopathy) were assessed. The plasma concentrations of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA antibody (anti-ds-DNA) were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas the concentration of several key cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, IL-27, IL-12P70, IL-17A and IL-21) were analyzed by a Luminex multiplex assay. The gene expression profiles for differentiation of the T helper (Th) lymphocytes in splenic CD4(+) Th cells were assessed by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells and CD19(+)CD5(+)CD1d(+)IL-10(+) regulatory B (Breg) cells (IL-10(+) Bregs). RESULTS Concentrations of anti-ds-DNA in the plasma samples collected from the LZ-SMS-treated (500 mg/kg/day oral administration for 7 days followed with 50 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal administration for 7 days), moderate and severe SLE mice decreased significantly compared with the PBS treated mice (P < 0.05). The gene expression levels of the induced regulatory T (iTreg) and natural Treg (nTreg) cells were significantly higher than those of the Th17, Th1 and "conventional Th cells vs. Treg cells" regulated genes following the LZ-SMS treatment (P < 0.05). The percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells collected from the splenic, thymic and peripheral blood cells, as well as the percentages of IL-10(+) Bregs collected from the splenic and thymic cells increased significantly in the LZ-SMS-treated SLE mice (P < 0.05) compared with the untreated PBS group. The ratio of the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells to the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(-) effector T cells collected from the splenic, thymic and peripheral blood cells in LZ-SMS-treated moderate and severe SLE mice increased significantly compared with the untreated PBS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a comparison with the PBS treatment group revealed significant decreases in the concentrations of several inflammatory cytokines, including IL-21, IL-10 and IL-17A (P < 0.05), as well as significant increases in the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-12P70 in the LZ-SMS treated SLE mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION LZ-SMS treatment led to significant increases in the percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg and IL-10(+) Breg cells, together with a reduction in the plasma concentrations of several inflammatory cytokines and the down-regulated expression of the corresponding cytokine related genes in SLE mice. The clinical characteristics of the LZ-SMS-treated SLE mice also improved significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cai
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Delong Jiao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Man Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Shan Tam
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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Lan Z, Wei M, Chen L, Xie G, Liu X, Zhang X. Role of Sinomenine on Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:429-35. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lan
- School of Pharmacy; Hubei University of Chinese Medicine; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wei
- School of Pharmacy; Hubei University of Chinese Medicine; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Lvyi Chen
- School of Pharmacy; South-Central University for Nationalities; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine; Hubei University of Chinese Medicine; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Basic Medicine; Hubei University of Chinese Medicine; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Hubei University of Chinese Medicine; Wuhan People's Republic of China
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Xie T, Ren HY, Lin HQ, Mao JP, Zhu T, Wang SD, Ye ZM. Sinomenine prevents metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells via S phase arrest and suppression of tumor-related neovascularization and osteolysis through the CXCR4-STAT3 pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2098-112. [PMID: 26983669 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bone. The long-term survivals continue to be unsatisfactory for patients with metastatic and recurrent disease. Metastasis is still a severe challenge in osteosarcoma treatment. Sinomenine, an alkaloid from traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved to possess potent antitumor and anti-invasion effect on various cancers. However, the effect of sinomenine on human osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanisms remains unknown. We report here that sinomenine inhibited proliferation by inducing S phase arrest and suppressing the clone formation. Significant inhibitory effects were found in invasion and metastasis in osteosarcoma, but little cytotoxicity was observed in tested concentrations. Exposure to sinomenine resulted in suppression of invasion and migration in osteosarcoma cells as well as tube formation ability in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and U2OS cells. Furthermore, it demonstrated that CXCR4 played a key role contributing to invasion in osteosarcoma which is considered to be a core target site in sinomenine treatment. Sinomenine inhibited invasion by suppressing CXCR4 and STAT3 phosphorylation then downregulating the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, RANKL, VEGF downstream. In addition, then RANKL-mediated bone destruction stimulated by osteoclastogenesis and VEGF-related neovascularization were restrained. Importantly, in vivo, sinomenine suppressed proliferation, osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction. Through these various comprehensive means, sinomenine inhibits metastasis in osteosarcoma. Taken together, our results revealed that sinomenine caused S phase arrest, inhibited invasion and metastasis via suppressing the CXCR4-STAT3 pathway and then osteoclastogenesis-mediated bone destruction and neovascularization in osteosarcoma. Sinomenine is therefore a promising adjuvant agent for metastasis control in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yong Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Jiaxing Hospital, Jiaxing, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ping Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Ming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Bao HR, Liu XJ, Li YL, Men X, Zeng XL. Sinomenine attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of asthma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2415-22. [PMID: 26820806 PMCID: PMC4768961 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease that involves airway inflammation and remodeling. Sinomenine (SIN) has been demonstrated to have immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of SIN on airway inflammation and remodeling in an asthma mouse model and observe the effects of SIN on the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) pathway and oxidative stress. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized by repetitive ovalbumin (OVA) challenge for 6 weeks in order to develop a mouse model of asthma. OVA-sensitized animals received SIN (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (2 mg/kg). A blank control group received saline only. The area of smooth muscle and collagen, levels of mucus secretion and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated 24 h subsequent to the final OVA challenge. mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistology, respectively. The indicators of oxidative stress were detected by spectrophotometry. SIN significantly reduced allergen-induced increases in smooth muscle thickness, mucous gland hypertrophy, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition and eosinophilic inflammation. The levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in the lungs of mice treated with SIN. Additionally, the total antioxidant capacity was increased in lungs following treatment with SIN. The malondialdehyde content and myeloperoxidase activities in the lungs from OVA-sensitized mice were significantly inhibited by SIN. In conclusion, SIN may inhibit airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma mouse models, and may have therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rong Bao
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ju Liu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Lin Li
- Department of Rheumatoid Bone, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Men
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zeng
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Zhang JX, Yang ZR, Wu DD, Song J, Guo XF, Wang J, Dong WG. Suppressive effect of sinomenine combined with 5-fluorouracil on colon carcinoma cell growth. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:6737-43. [PMID: 25169518 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is reported that sinomenine (SIN) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) both are effective for colon cancer, but their cooperative suppressive effects and toxicity remain to be clarified in detail. This study aimed to determine suppressive effects and toxicity of sinomenine (SIN) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on LoVo colon carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. CCK-8, Hoechst 33258 staining and an annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit were used to detect suppressive effects. Western blotting was applied to investigate the essential mechanism underlying SIN and 5-FU-induced apoptosis. SIN or 5-FU or both were injected into nude mice, and then suppressive effects and side effects were observed. SIN plus 5-FU apparently inhibited the proliferation of LoVo cells and induced apoptosis. Moreover the united effects were stronger than individually (p<0.05). The results of annexin V-FITC /PI staining and Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells induced by SIN and 5-FU combined or alone was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was up-regulated and down-regulated respectively. SIN or 5-FU significantly inhibited effects on the volume of tumour xenografts and their combined suppressive effects were stronger (p<0.05). No obvious side effects were observed. It was apparent that the united effects of SIN and 5-FU on the growth of colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells in vitro and in vivo were superior to those using them individually, and it did not markedly increase the side effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China E-mail :
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Huang L, Li T, Zhou H, Qiu P, Wu J, Liu L. Sinomenine potentiates degranulation of RBL-2H3 basophils via up-regulation of phospholipase A2 phosphorylation by Annexin A1 cleavage and ERK phosphorylation without influencing on calcium mobilization. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:945-51. [PMID: 25939534 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum, is the major component of Zhengqing Fongtong Ning (ZQFTN), a pharmaceutical drug produced by Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. in China for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Some clinic reports indicate that ZQFTN may induce an anaphylactic reaction via potentiating the degranulation of immune cells. In the current study, we aimed to examine whether SIN is capable of inducing the degranulation of basophilic leukemia 2H3 (RBL-2H3) cells to elucidate how the anaphylactic reaction occurs. The results revealed that SIN could up-regulate β-hexosaminidase levels in RBL-2H3 cells without significant cytotoxicity, suggesting that SIN could induce the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, SIN increased the release of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RBL-2H3 cells via promoting the expression of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (P-ERK), the cleavage of Annexin A1 (ANXA1), and phosphorylated-cytosolic phospholipase A2 (P-cPLA2), as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The ERK inhibitor, PD98059, significantly attenuated the up-regulatory effect of SIN on cPLA2 phosphorylation. Interestingly, SIN did not significantly increase Ca(2+) influx in the cells. These findings not only explored the anaphylactic reaction and underlying mechanism of ZQFTN in RBL-2H3 cells, but may promote the development of relevant strategies for overcoming the adverse effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Group Limited, Huaihua, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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Ba W, Li Z, Wang L, Wang D, Liao W, Fan W, Wu Y, Liao F, Yu J. Optimization and evaluation of pluronic lecithin organogels as a transdermal delivery vehicle for sinomenine. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:535-45. [PMID: 25757643 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1022791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to prepare and optimize sinomenine (SIN) pluronic lecithin organogels system (PLO), and to evaluate the permeability of the optimized PLO in vitro and in vivo. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the PLO and the optimized formulation was pluronic F127 of 19.61%, lecithin of 3.60% and SIN of 1.27%. The formulation was evaluated its skin permeation and drug deposition both in vitro and in vivo compared with gel. Permeation and deposition studies of PLO were carried out with Franz diffusion cells in vitro and with microdialysis in vivo. In vitro studies, permeation rate (Jss) of SIN from PLO was 146.55 ± 2.93 μg/cm(2)/h, significantly higher than that of gel (120.39 μg/cm(2)/h) and the amount of SIN deposited in skin from the PLO was 10.08 ± 0.86 μg/cm(2), significantly larger than that from gel (6.01 ± 0.04 μg/cm(2)). In vivo skin microdialysis studies showed that the maximum concentration (Cmax) of SIN from PLO in "permeation study" and "drug-deposition study" were 150.27 ± 20.85 μg/ml and 67.95 μg/ml, respectively, both significantly higher than that of SIN from gel (29.66 and 6.73 μg/ml). The results recommend that PLO can be used as an advantageous transdermal delivery vehicle to enhance the permeation and skin deposition of SIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Ba
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Zhou Li
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Ding Wang
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Weiguo Liao
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Wentao Fan
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Yinai Wu
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Fengyun Liao
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Jianye Yu
- a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
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Wang X, Liu X, Cai H, Pei K, Cao G, Xu X, Shi F, Cai B. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of tetrandrine and fangchinoline in rat plasma after oral administration of Fangji Huangqi Tang and Stephania tetrandra S. Moore
extracts. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1286-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- College of Science; Cleveland State University; Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Hao Cai
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ke Pei
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Gang Cao
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Research Center of TCM processing Technology; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Fa Shi
- Liaoning Institute for Food and Drug Control; Shengyang P. R. China
| | - Baochang Cai
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation; Nanjing P. R. China
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Bufalin, a bioactive component of the Chinese medicine chansu, inhibits inflammation and invasion of human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Inflammation 2015; 37:1050-8. [PMID: 24515724 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) contribute to the destruction of cartilage and bone by production of metalloproteinases (MMPs) into the synovial fluid and by direct invasion into extracellular matrix (ECM). Bufalin, a major component of Venenum Bufonis, can attenuate the invasion of various cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effects of bufalin on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced invasion of RAFLSs. Western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were conducted to analyze the nuclear translocation of p65/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and NF-κB DNA-binding activity. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to assess the expression of cytokines. Our results revealed that TNF-α significantly increased p65 translocation into nucleus (P < 0.01) and enhanced NF-κB DNA-binding activity, which were dose-dependently inhibited by bufalin. Furthermore, bufalin attenuated the TNF-α-induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8 production in RAFLSs in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, TNF-α-induced invasion of RAFLSs was dampened by the pretreatment of bufalin. Additionally, bufalin decreased the mRNA abundance and secretion of MMP-9 in TNF-α-treated RAFLSs. Our results reveal that bufalin can inhibit TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation, cytokine production, invasion, and MMP-9 expression in RAFLSs, indicating a therapeutic potential of bufalin on RA.
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Lunasin inhibits cell proliferation via apoptosis and reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines in cultured rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:346839. [PMID: 25692134 PMCID: PMC4322854 DOI: 10.1155/2015/346839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lunasin, a peptide with 43 amino acid residues and initially isolated and identified in soybean cotyledon, has gained extensive attention due to its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, its treatment efficacy on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and corresponding mechanisms have not been reported. Herein, the synovial fibroblasts harvested and isolated from patients with RA were treated with lunasin at various concentrations to examine the proliferation, apoptosis status, and corresponding cell cycle of cultured RA synovial fibroblasts. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanisms of lunasin for RA treatment are explored through Western blot, real-time PCR, ELISA, and luciferase reporter assays. Lunasin significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of cultured RA synovial fibroblasts. In addition, lunasin reduced the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and suppressed the activation of NF-κB in cultured RA synovial fibroblasts but did not reveal obvious modulation on the secretion and gene expression of MMP-1. Therefore, lunasin will have promising potential as a novel nutritional supplement or drug candidate for RA due to its potency of suppressing synovial cell proliferation and decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs in synovial cells.
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Jantan I, Ahmad W, Bukhari SNA. Plant-derived immunomodulators: an insight on their preclinical evaluation and clinical trials. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:655. [PMID: 26379683 PMCID: PMC4548092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The phagocyte-microbe interactions in the immune system is a defense mechanism but when excessively or inappropriately deployed can harm host tissues and participate in the development of different non-immune and immune chronic inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune problems, allergies, some rheumatoid disorders, cancers and others. Immunodrugs include organic synthetics, biological agents such as cytokines and antibodies acting on single targets or pathways have been used to treat immune-related diseases but with limited success. Most of immunostimulants and immunosuppressants in clinical use are the cytotoxic drugs which possess serious side effects. There is a growing interest to use herbal medicines as multi-component agents to modulate the complex immune system in the prevention of infections rather than treating the immune-related diseases. Many therapeutic effects of plant extracts have been suggested to be due to their wide array of immunomodulatory effects and influence on the immune system of the human body. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, lactones, alkaloids, diterpenoids and glycosides, present in several plants, have been reported to be responsible for the plants immunomodulating properties. Thus the search for natural products of plant origin as new leads for development of potent and safe immunosuppressant and immunostimulant agents is gaining much major research interest. The present review will give an overview of widely investigated plant-derived compounds (curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechol-3-gallate, quercetin, colchicine, capsaicin, andrographolide, and genistein) which have exhibited potent effects on cellular and humoral immune functions in pre-clinical investigations and will highlight their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Jantan
- *Correspondence: Ibrahim Jantan, Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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