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Idoudi S, Tourrette A, Bouajila J, Romdhane M, Elfalleh W. The genus Polygonum: An updated comprehensive review of its ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacological activities, toxicology, and phytopharmaceutical formulation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28947. [PMID: 38638945 PMCID: PMC11024578 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Polygonum is a plant genus that includes annual and perennial species and is found at various temperatures, from northern temperate regions to tropical and subtropical areas. The genus Polygonum has been used for centuries for various disorders, including hypertension, intestinal and stomach pain, dysuria, jaundice, toothaches, skin allergies, hemorrhoids, cardiac disorders, kidney stones, hemostasis, hyperglycemia, and others. Various databases, including Google Scholar, Scifinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Web of Science, were utilized to collect pertinent scientific literature data. According to bibliographic studies, the Polygonum genus possesses various compounds from different families, including phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid, quinic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, and many other compounds), flavonoids (quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, quercitrin, kaempferol, myricetin, etc.), tannins, stilbenes (polydatin and resveratrol), terpenes (α-pinene, β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide, bisabolene, β-farnesene, etc.), fatty acids (decanoic acid, lauric acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, dodecanoic acid), polysaccharides, and others. Various chemical and biological activities (in vitro and in vivo), such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, hepatoprotective, neuropharmacological, gastroprotective, diuretic, antipyretic, and others, have been described in several biological studies involving this species. An updated summary of Polygonum species and their ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, toxicological, pharmacological, and phytopharmaceutical formulations is necessary. Considering the numerous potentialities of the Polygonum species and their wide-ranging use, it is extremely essential to provide knowledge by compiling the accessible literature to identify the topics of intense investigation and the main gaps to better design future studies. The objective of this review is to give readers a better understanding, greater comprehension, and in-depth knowledge of the genus Polygonum's traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicological features, and galenic formulation. Several species of this genus have been detailed in this review, including those that were frequently used in traditional medicine (P. minus, P. aviculare, P. hydropiper, P. cuspidatum, and P. multiflorum) and many of the genus' therapeutic species, like P. equisetiforme, which do not get enough attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourour Idoudi
- Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, 6072, Tunisia
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 35 Chemin des Maraichers, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | - Audrey Tourrette
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 35 Chemin des Maraichers, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jalloul Bouajila
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Mehrez Romdhane
- Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, 6072, Tunisia
| | - Walid Elfalleh
- Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, 6072, Tunisia
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Khan MAS, Parveen R, Hoque SA, Ahmed MF, Rouf ASS, Rahman SR. Implementing in vitro and in silico approaches to evaluate anti-influenza virus activity of different Bangladeshi plant extracts. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bamboo Shoot and Artemisia capillaris Extract Mixture Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5086-5103. [PMID: 36286060 PMCID: PMC9600592 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by recurrent chronic inflammation and mucosal damage of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have demonstrated that bamboo shoot (BS) and Artemisia capillaris (AC) extracts enhance anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models. However, it is uncertain whether there is a synergistic protective effect of BS and AC in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. In the current study, we tested the combined effects of BS and AC extracts (BA) on colitis using in vivo and in vitro models. Compared with control mice, oral administration of DSS exacerbated colon length and increased the disease activity index (DAI) and histological damage. In DSS-induced colitis, treatment with BA significantly alleviated DSS-induced symptoms such as colon shortening, DAI, histological damage, and colonic pro-inflammatory marker expression compared to single extracts (BS or AC) treatment. Furthermore, we found BA treatment attenuated the ROS generation, F-actin formation, and RhoA activity compared with the single extract (BS or AC) treatment in DSS-treated cell lines. Collectively, these findings suggest that BA treatment has a positive synergistic protective effect on colonic inflammation compared with single extracts, it may be a highly effective complementary natural extract mixture for the prevention or treatment of IBD.
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Yang Y, Shi GN, Wu X, Xu M, Chen CJ, Zhou Y, Wei YZ, Wu L, Cui FF, Sun L, Zhang TT. Quercetin Impedes Th17 Cell Differentiation to Mitigate Arthritis Involving PPARγ-Driven Transactivation of SOCS3 and Redistribution Corepressor SMRT from PPARγ to STAT3. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100826. [PMID: 35384292 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Quercetin (QU) is one of the most abundant flavonoids in plants and has attracted the attention of researchers because of its remarkable antirheumatoid arthritis (RA) effects and extremely low adverse reactions. However, the underlying mechanism needs further study. METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) reveal the obvious inhibitory effects of QU on Th17 cell differentiation in arthritic mice. More importantly, QU markedly limits the development of Th17 cell polarization, which is virtually compromised by the treatment with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 and knockdown of PPARγ. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation and immunofluorescence exhibit QU directly binds to PPARγ and increases PPARγ nuclear translocation. Besides, QU confers its moderation effect on suppressor of cytokine signaling protein (SOCS3)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) axis partially depending on PPARγ. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation shows QU redistributes the corepressor silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid-hormone receptors (SMRT) from PPARγ to STAT3. Finally, the inhibition of Th17 response and the antiarthritic effect of QU are nullified by GW9662 treatment in arthritic mice. CONCLUSION QU targets PPARγ and consequently inhibits Th17 cell differentiation by dual inhibitory activity of STAT3 to exert antiarthritic effect. The findings facilitate its development and put forth a stage for uncovering the mechanism of other naturally occurring compounds with chemical structures similar to QU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gao-Na Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Zi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fen-Fang Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Tai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:619-645. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Seimandi G, Álvarez N, Stegmayer MI, Fernández L, Ruiz V, Favaro MA, Derita M. An Update on Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Persicaria and Polygonum. Molecules 2021; 26:5956. [PMID: 34641500 PMCID: PMC8512787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new pharmaceutical identities, particularly anti-infective agents, represents an urgent need due to the increase in immunocompromised patients and the ineffectiveness/toxicity of the drugs currently used. The scientific community has recognized in the last decades the importance of the plant kingdom as a huge source of novel molecules which could act against different type of infections or illness. However, the great diversity of plant species makes it difficult to select them with probabilities of success, adding to the fact that existing information is difficult to find, it is atomized or disordered. Persicaria and Polygonum constitute two of the main representatives of the Polygonaceae family, which have been extensively used in traditional medicine worldwide. Important and structurally diverse bioactive compounds have been isolated from these genera of wild plants; among them, sesquiterpenes and flavonoids should be remarked. In this article, we firstly mention all the species reported with pharmacological use and their geographical distribution. Moreover, a number of tables which summarize an update detailing the type of natural product (extract or isolated compound), applied doses, displayed bioassays and the results obtained for the main bioactivities of these genera cited in the literature during the past 40 years. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anticancer, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-diabetic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, gastroprotective and neuropharmacological activities were explored and reviewed in this work, concluding that both genera could be the source for upcoming molecules to treat different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Seimandi
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Norma Álvarez
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - María Inés Stegmayer
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Laura Fernández
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Verónica Ruiz
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - María Alejandra Favaro
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Marcos Derita
- ICiAgro Litoral, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, Esperanza 3080HOF, Argentina; (G.S.); (N.Á.); (M.I.S.); (L.F.); (M.A.F.)
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
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Sunil MA, Sunitha VS, Santhakumaran P, Mohan MC, Jose MS, Radhakrishnan EK, Mathew J. Protective effect of (+)-catechin against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells through downregulation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1139-1155. [PMID: 34115226 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Catechin, a flavonol belonging to the flavonoid group of polyphenols is present in many plant foods. The present study was done to evaluate the effect of catechin on various inflammatory mediators using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The effect of catechin on total cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), myeloperoxidase, nitrite and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level, secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were assessed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes were also investigated. The effect was further analyzed using human PBMCs by assessing the level of TNF-α and IL-10. The study demonstrated that the inflammatory mediators such as COX, 5-LOX, nitrite, iNOS, and TNF-α were significantly inhibited by catechin in a concentration-dependent manner whereas IL-10 production was up-regulated in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, catechin down-regulated the mRNA level expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κB and p38 MAPK. The current study ratifies the beneficial effect of catechin as a dietary component in plant foods to provide protection against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sunil
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - V S Sunitha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | | | - Mohind C Mohan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | | | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Jyothis Mathew
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
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Ren S, Chen B, Ma Z, Hu H, Xie Y. Polygonum hydropiper extract attenuates ethanol-induced gastric damage through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10841. [PMID: 34037095 PMCID: PMC8148888 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms and effective components of Polygonum hydropiper in ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions. The ethanol extract was purified on an AB-8 macroporous resin column and eluted with 60% ethanol and was then injected into the HPLC system for quantitative analysis. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally pretreated with P. hydropiper extract (PHLE; 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 5 days and then absolute ethanol was administered to induce gastric mucosal damage. One hour after ethanol ingestion, the rats were euthanized and stomach samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory cytokines were quantified. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of proteins. Cell proliferation was assayed by CCK-8 assays. The proportion of total flavonoids in the final extract of P. hydropiper was 50.05%, which contained three major bioactive flavonoid constituents, including rutin, quercitrin, and quercetin. PHLE significantly increased cell viability and effectively protected human gastric epithelial cells-1 against alcohol-induced damage in vitro. PHLE pretreatment attenuated gastric mucosal injuries in a dose-dependent manner in rats, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione, and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde in gastric tissue. Pretreatment with PHLE also reduced the generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in gastric tissue by downregulating the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B. PHLE exerted protective effects against gastric injury through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. Flavonoids might be the main effective components of P. hydropiper against gastric mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzhong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Bangpei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhijian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yiqiang Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Sile I, Videja M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Tirzite D, Pajuste K, Shubin K, Krizhanovska V, Grinberga S, Pugovics O, Dambrova M. Chemical composition of Prunus padus L. flower extract and its anti-inflammatory activities in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113678. [PMID: 33307057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Prunus padus L. has been traditionally used in European ethnomedicine as a treatment for internal and external purposes and is mainly used to reduce inflammation, pain and fever. The activities of P. padus flower extracts are not well characterized, and additional experimental studies at the molecular level are needed to confirm the ethnobotanical findings. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the potential of P. padus flower extract (PPFE) as a source of bioactive compounds through the characterization of its chemical composition and antioxidant, anti-collagenase, and anti-inflammatory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanolic extract (1:10 w/v in ethanol solution) from P. padus flowers was subjected to phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Anti-collagenase activity was determined using a spectrophotometric method in vitro. The effect of PPFE on inflammation was evaluated by measuring specific markers using flow cytometry and assessing pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) release by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) ex vivo. RESULTS The major components of the ethanolic extract of P. padus flowers were quercetin diglycosides, chlorogenic acid and N',N″-dicaffeoyl,N‴-coumaroyl spermidine. The total phenolic content of PPFE was 85.19 mg GAE/g extract, and the EC50 value in the DPPH assay was 0.55 mg/ml. PPFE exhibited the ability to inhibit collagenase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Preincubation of BMDMs with PPFE reduced the population of M1 (pro-inflammatory) and increased the population of M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages. Furthermore, PPFE decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 release from BMDMs. CONCLUSIONS PPFE is a rich source of bioactive compounds and possesses considerable anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its use in ethnomedicine for the reduction of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Sile
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; Department of Dosage Form Technology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Melita Videja
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Dace Tirzite
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Karlis Pajuste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Kirill Shubin
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | | | - Solveiga Grinberga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Osvalds Pugovics
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
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Goyal A, Agrawal N. Quercetin: A Potential Candidate For The Treatment Of Arthritis. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:325-335. [PMID: 33719956 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210315125330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diet plays a significant role in ensuring healthy life and the bioactive compounds present in food and medicinal plants may be developed as drugs that combat various illnesses. A bioactive flavanoid, quercetin which is a dietary component possesses numerous health-promoting effects. In preclinical models of rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis and osteoarthritis, quercetin has shown significant joint protective effects. Taking into account the significance of this compound, the present review discusses its anti-arthritic properties, demonstrating its mechanism of action for the treatment of arthritis with its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University 17-Km. stone, NH-2 Mathura-Delhi Highway, P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura-281406 [U.P.]. India
| | - Neetu Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University 17-Km. stone, NH-2 Mathura-Delhi Highway, P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura-281406 [U.P.]. India
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REN CZ, HU WY, LI JC, XIE YH, JIA NN, SHI J, WEI YY, HU TJ. Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1781-1792. [PMID: 32999131 PMCID: PMC7804032 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Zhi REN
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
- Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Wen-Yue HU
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Jun-Cheng LI
- Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Ying-Hong XIE
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ni-Na JIA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Jun SHI
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ying-Yi WEI
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ting-Jun HU
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
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12
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Zheng Y, Zhang X, Cao Y, Huang L. The exploration of neuraminidase inhibitory activity on Fallopia denticulata, an ethnic herb in China. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5024. [PMID: 33169405 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the bioactive ingredients in the extracts of Fallopia denticulata (C.C. Huang) Holub, a medicinal plant grown in China, which exhibits the best neuraminidase (NA) inhibition activity. Three fractions of ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water were tested on NA inhibition assay, and the best one was conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the negative and positive modes to analyze the metabolic components. The results revealed the identification of the following 21 compounds: 3 organic acids, 11 flavonoids, 1 coumarin, and 6 others, such as β-daucosterol, gallic acid, and syringic acid, of which 12 compounds were discovered for the first time in F. denticulata. In addition, we used the molecular docking technique to support the anti-NA activity of each compound in the best extract. The results confirmed that the two better bioactive compounds were (-)-epicatechin gallate and (+)-catechin. Therefore, F. denticulata could be used as a potential material for new anti-influenza drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linfang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Nasir A, Khan M, Rehman Z, Khalil AAK, Farman S, Begum N, Irfan M, Sajjad W, Parveen Z. Evaluation of Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Contents of Polygonum hydropiper L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9070852. [PMID: 32640649 PMCID: PMC7412011 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum hydropiper L. is a traditionally used medicinal plant. The present study was designed to explore the α-amylase inhibitory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Polygonum hydropiper L. Polarity-based solvent extracts (n-hexane, acetone, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and water) of Polygonum hydropiper leaves and stem were used. Antioxidant activity was assessed by free radical scavenging assay (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity methods. Quantitative phytochemical analyses suggested that the stem of Polygonum hydropiper L. contains higher levels of bioactive compounds than its leaves (p < 0.05). The results suggested that stem-derived extracts of Polygonum hydropiper L. are more active against bacterial species, including two Gram-positive and three Gram-negative strains. Moreover, our results showed that the bioactive compounds of Polygonum hydropiper L. significantly inhibit α-amylase activity. Finally, we reported the polarity-based solvent extracts of Polygonum hydropiper L. and revealed that the stem, rather than leaves, has a high antioxidant potential as measured by FRAP and DPPH assay with IC50 values of 1.38 and 1.59 mg/mL, respectively. It may also be deducted from the data that the Polygonum hydropiper L. could be a significant candidate, which should be subjected to further isolation and characterization, to be used as an antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antioxidant resource in many industries, like food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Nasir
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (M.K.); (S.F.); (N.B.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwan 16499, Korea
| | - Mushtaq Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (M.K.); (S.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Zainab Rehman
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Saira Farman
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (M.K.); (S.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Naeema Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (M.K.); (S.F.); (N.B.)
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Zahida Parveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (M.K.); (S.F.); (N.B.)
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Yu T, Wang Z, Jie W, Fu X, Li B, Xu H, Liu Y, Li M, Kim E, Yang Y, Cho JY. The kinase inhibitor BX795 suppresses the inflammatory response via multiple kinases. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Zhao M, Yuan X, Pei YH, Ye HY, Peng AH, Tang MH, Guo DL, Deng Y, Chen LJ. Anti-inflammatory Ellagitannins from Cleidion brevipetiolatum for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2409-2418. [PMID: 31419126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Six new ellagitannins, brevipetins B-G (5 and 7-11), and a new phenolic glucoside, brevipetin A (4), along with six known compounds were isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Cleidion brevipetiolatum. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods, and TD-DFT-ECD calculations. Compounds 5-11 exhibited NO inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 1.9-8.2 μM, and 9 showed the most potent inhibitory effect (IC50: 1.9 μM). An in vivo anti-inflammatory assessment of 9 showed that it exerts therapeutic effects in both the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models at 50 mg/kg oral administration. The enhanced protein and mRNA expression levels of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were dose-dependently suppressed by 9. An anti-inflammatory mechanistic study revealed that 9 suppressed NF-κB activity by inhibiting IκBα phosphorylation and blocking translocation of p65 from the cytosol to the nucleus. Therefore, 9 might have the potential to be developed as a lead compound for relieving rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-He Pei
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yu Ye
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Hua Peng
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hai Tang
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Le Guo
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu 611137 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Deng
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu 611137 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , People's Republic of China.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu 611137 , People's Republic of China
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Kawaguchi T, Nagata K. Collagenase inhibition by water-pepper (Polygonum hydropiper L.) sprout extract. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/jhp.2019.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Collagenase plays an important role in the degradation of dermal matrix proteins leading to wrinkle formation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the inhibitory effect of water-pepper (Polygonum hydropiper L.) sprout extract on the activity of collagenase and to identify the inhibitory compounds.Methods: Collagenase inhibitory activity was measured by spectrophotometric assay. Activity-guided fractionation was performed using liquid-liquid extraction of water and n-butanol and Diaion HP-20 column chromatography, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fraction collection.Results: A methanolic extract of water-pepper sprout inhibited collagenase activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 156.7 μg/mL. Collagenase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 23.5 μg/mL) was found in 50% methanol eluate from the HP-20 column chromatography of the n-butanol soluble fraction. The active compound (IC50 = 1.9 μg/mL) in the eluate was isolated by HPLC and identified as quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperoside) from comparing retention time, UV-Vis absorption, and mass spectra with those of the standard. Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed that hyperoside was an uncompetitive inhibitor against collagenase. Hyperoside was also the most abundant flavonoid present in the methanolic extract.Conclusion: These results suggest that water-pepper sprouts could be beneficial as a natural source of collagenase inhibitor which might be used for the treatment of skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kawaguchi
- Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, 1465-5 Aikawa-machi, Kurume-shi, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan
| | - Kaori Nagata
- Research and Development Department, NLA Co., Ltd., 3-20 Tenya-machi, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 812-0025, Japan
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of an Extract of Polygonum hydropiper Stalks on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulphonic Acid-Induced Intestinal Inflammation in Rats by Inhibiting the NF- κB Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6029135. [PMID: 29853790 PMCID: PMC5964420 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6029135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The stalks of Polygonum hydropiper L. (PHL) have been traditionally used in clinical practice for thousands of years in China to treat various inflammatory diseases. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of PHL on TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation in rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and to explain the underlying mechanism of PHL on TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation in rats. PHL (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) was given for 7 consecutive days to rats with intestinal inflammation induced by TNBS. Oral administration of an aqueous extract of a high dose of PHL (H-PHL) significantly improved TNBS-induced symptoms such as the macroscopic score and histological examination. H-PHL treatment significantly ameliorated the activity of MPO and improved the GSH content. In addition, there was a downregulation of the TNBS-induced increase in the activity of iNOS and levels of Cox-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β while the protein expression of NF-κB was significantly unregulated after administration of H-PHL. The present findings suggested that H-PHL has a protective effect on experimental intestinal inflammation in rats and its anti-inflammatory effects are closely related to inhibition of NF-κB signal pathways.
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Devarajan S, Yahiro E, Uehara Y, Kuroda R, Hirano Y, Nagata K, Miura S, Saku K, Urata H. Depressor effect of the young leaves of Polygonum hydropiper Linn. in high-salt induced hypertensive mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:1182-1187. [PMID: 29710536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel chymase inhibitor has been reported to have depressor effect in salt-induced hypertension. Therefore, we examined the hypothesis that chymase inhibitory dried young leaves of Polygonum hydropiper (PPH) or young leaves extract of Polygonum hydropiper (PHE) could reduce salt-induced hypertension. In this study, 8-wk old wild-type mice were allocated into three experiments and experiment I included groups, I- normal water drinking, II- high salt (2% NaCl) water (HSW) drinking, and III- HSW plus PPH (500 mg kg-1, orally) for 12-wk. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline and weekly up to wk-12. In experiment II, mice were given HSW for 12-wk followed by 8-wk treatment with PPH plus HSW (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg kg-1 for groups I, II, III and IV, respectively). BP and HR were measured at baseline and monthly until wk-12, following weekly for 8-wk. Experiment III comprised of four groups of mice for 12-wk HSW and 8-wk treatment with PHE plus HSW (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg-1 for groups I-IV, respectively). BP and HR were measured at baseline and monthly up to wk-12, following weekly for 8-wk. Significant reduction in BP and HR were observed in mice treated with PPH (500 mg kg-1) compared to HSW control. PPH reduced BP and HR dose dependently in hypertensive mice and the higher dose showed maximum reduction. PHE at its maximum dose (20 mg kg-1) significantly suppressed BP and HR. Over all, we found that the young leaves of Polygonum hydropiper suppressed salt-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Devarajan
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Program, Department of Human Sciences, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, USA.
| | - Eiji Yahiro
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Uehara
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rieko Kuroda
- Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirano
- Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Shinichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keijiro Saku
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Urata
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Anti-Inflammatory and Gastroprotective Roles of Rabdosia inflexa through Downregulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020584. [PMID: 29462911 PMCID: PMC5855806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, gastric ulcer is a vital health hazard for a human. Rabdosia inflexa (RI) has been used in traditional medicine for inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect and related molecular mechanism of RI using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 246.7 cells and HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer in mice. We applied 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), histopathology, malondialdehyde (MDA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot analyses to evaluate the protective role of RI. Study revealed that RI effectively attenuated LPS-promoted NO and ROS production in RAW 246.7 cells. In addition, RI mitigated gastric oxidative stress by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, elevating NO, and decreasing gastric inflammation. RI significantly halted elevated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in gastric tissue. Likewise, RI markedly attenuated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation, COX-2 expression, phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor kappa B (IκBα) and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Thus, experimental findings suggested that the anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities of RI might contribute to regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Regulation of JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB signal transduction pathways; Veronica polita alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:296-303. [PMID: 29448206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a worldwide emergent disease. Veronica polita (VP) is a medicinal herb that has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we studied the protective effect of VP on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice. Phytochemical screening of VP extract demonstrated the presence of high total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Compared with the DSS group, VP significantly reduced clinical symptoms with less weight loss, bloody stool, shortening of the colon, and the severity of colitis was considerably inhibited as evidenced by the reduced disease activity index (DAI) and degree of histological damage in the colon and spleen. Also, treatment with VP considerably decreased the nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. VP remarkably downregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the colon tissue. Likewise, activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was effectively blocked by VP. Taken together, these results demonstrate that VP has an ameliorative effect on colonic inflammation mediated by modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators by suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Hong YH, Kim D, Nam G, Yoo S, Han SY, Jeong SG, Kim E, Jeong D, Yoon K, Kim S, Park J, Cho JY. Photoaging protective effects of BIOGF1K, a compound-K-rich fraction prepared from Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2018; 42:81-89. [PMID: 29348726 PMCID: PMC5766695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BIOGF1K, a compound-K-rich fraction, has been shown to display anti-inflammatory activity. Although Panax ginseng is widely used for the prevention of photoaging events induced by UVB irradiation, the effect of BIOGF1K on photoaging has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated the effects of BIOGF1K on UVB-induced photoaging events. METHODS We analyzed the ability of BIOGF1K to prevent UVB-induced apoptosis, enhance matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, upregulate anti-inflammatory activity, reduce sirtuin 1 expression, and melanin production using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, melanin content assay, tyrosinase assay, and flow cytometry. We also evaluated the effects of BIOGF1K on the activator protein-1 signaling pathway, which plays an important role in photoaging, by immunoblot analysis and luciferase reporter gene assays. RESULTS Treatment of UVB-irradiated NIH3T3 fibroblasts with BIOGF1K prevented UVB-induced cell death, inhibited apoptosis, suppressed morphological changes, reduced melanin secretion, restored the levels of type I procollagen and sirtuin 1, and prevented mRNA upregulation of MMP-1, MMP-2, and cyclo-oxygenase-2; these effects all occurred in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, BIOGF1K markedly reduced activator-protein-1-mediated luciferase activity and decreased the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular response kinase, p38, and C-Jun N-terminal kinase). CONCLUSION Our results strongly suggest that BIOGF1K has anti-photoaging activity and that BIOGF1K could be used in anti-aging cosmeceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Amorepacific Research and Development Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibaeg Nam
- Amorepacific Research and Development Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sulgi Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gu Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keejung Yoon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Amorepacific Research and Development Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Akanda MR, Park BY. Involvement of MAPK/NF-κB signal transduction pathways: Camellia japonica mitigates inflammation and gastric ulcer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1139-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Martel J, Ko YF, Ojcius DM, Lu CC, Chang CJ, Lin CS, Lai HC, Young JD. Immunomodulatory Properties of Plants and Mushrooms. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:967-981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Jang HJ, Lee S, Lee SJ, Lim HJ, Jung K, Kim YH, Lee SW, Rho MC. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from Salvia plebeia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2666-2676. [PMID: 28960981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nine new sesquiterpenoid lactones and 11 known analogues were isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia plebeia R.Br. Their structures were elucidated via HRESIMS and NMR data, and their absolute configurations were defined via electronic circular dichroism data, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and the modified Mosher's ester method. Compounds 1-20 were investigated for their ability to inhibit LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in murine macrophage cells. Of the isolates, epi-eudebeiolide C (20) showed the highest inhibitory effect (IC50 of 17.9 μM). mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), but not that of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was dose-dependently decreased by 20 in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Based on a mechanistic study involving the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, the anti-inflammatory effect of 20 was attributed to NF-κB activation blockade via inhibition of NF-κB (IκB) phosphorylation. Therefore, 20 might be a potential candidate for relieving inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jae Jang
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Lim
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea
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25
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Shahed-Al-Mahmud M, Lina SMM. Evaluation of sedative and anxiolytic activities of methanol extract of leaves of Persicaria hydropiper in mice. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-017-0056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Nikfarjam BA, Hajiali F, Adineh M, Nassiri-Asl M. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Quercetin and Vitexin on Activated Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophils: - The effects of quercetin and vitexin on human neutrophils. J Pharmacopuncture 2017; 20:127-131. [PMID: 30087790 PMCID: PMC5532472 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2017.20.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) constitute the first line of defense against invading microbial pathogens. Early events in inflammation involve the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of injury or damage where changes in intracellular calcium can cause the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators from neutrophils including superoxide generation, degranulation and release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), productions of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and adhesion to the vascular endothelium. To address the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, in the present study, we investigated the effects of the flavonoids quercetin and vitexin on the stimulus-induced nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, and MPO productions in human neutrophils. Methods Human peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated, and their viabilities were determined by using the Trypan Blue exclusion test. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) preparations contained more than 98% neutrophils as determined by morphological examination with Giemsa staining. The viabilities of cultured neutrophils with various concentrations of quercetin and vitexin (1 – 100 μM) were studied using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Neutrophils were cultured in complete Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium, pre-incubated with or without quercetin and vitexin (25 μM) for 45 min, and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (10−7 M). NO production was carried out through nitrite determination by using the Griess method. Also, the TNF-α and the MPO productions were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and MPO assay kits. Results Neutrophil viability was not affected up to a concentration of 100 μM of quercetin or vitexin. Both quercetin and vitexin significantly inhibited TNF-α, NO, and MPO productions in human neutrophils (P < 0.001). Conclusion The present study showed that both quercetin and vitexin had significant anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, treatment with either quercetin or vitexin may be considered as a therapeutic strategy for treating patients with neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Abd Nikfarjam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farid Hajiali
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohtaram Adineh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Wijesundara NM, Sekhon-Loodu S, Rupasinghe HV. Phytochemical-rich medicinal plant extracts suppress bacterial antigens-induced inflammation in human tonsil epithelial cells. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3469. [PMID: 28652934 PMCID: PMC5483044 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharyngitis is an inflammatory condition of the pharynx and associated structures commonly caused by the Group A streptococci (GAS). There is a growing interest in discovering plant-based anti-inflammatory compounds as potential alternatives to conventional drugs. This study evaluated anti-inflammatory activity of phytochemical-rich extracts prepared from 12 herbal plants using human tonsil epithelial cells (HTonEpiC) in vitro. METHODS The HTonEpiC were induced by a mixture of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) (10 µg/mL; bacterial antigens) for 4 h and then exposed to ethanol extracts (EE) or aqueous extracts (AE) for 20 h. The secretion of four pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS The herbal plant extracts (≤5 µg/mL) were not cytotoxic to HTonEpiC. The extracts exhibited a broad range of reduction (1.2%-92.6%) of secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8), human beta defensin-2 (hBD-2), epithelial-derived neutrophil activating protein-78 (ENA-78), and granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2). Both EE and AE of clove, ginger, and echinacea flower and EE from danshen root significantly inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine production as induced by LTA and PGN in HTonEpiCs at the concentrations of 1 and 5 µg/mL. DISCUSSION Our observations indicate that danshen root, clove, ginger, and echinacea flower extracts exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect in HTonEpiCs. The most efficacious extracts from danshen root, clove, ginger and echinacea flowers have potential to be used as natural sources for developing phytotherapeutic products in the management of painful inflammation due to streptococcal pharyngitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niluni M Wijesundara
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Satvir Sekhon-Loodu
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Hp Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Syk Plays a Critical Role in the Expression and Activation of IRAK1 in LPS-Treated Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1506248. [PMID: 28680194 PMCID: PMC5478860 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1506248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To address how interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) is controlled by other enzymes activated by toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, we investigated the possibility that spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a protein tyrosine kinase that is activated at an earlier stage during TLR4 activation, plays a central role in regulating the functional activation of IRAK1. Indeed, we found that overexpression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), an adaptor molecule that drives TLR signaling, induced IRAK1 expression and that piceatannol, a Syk inhibitor, successfully suppressed the MyD88-dependent upregulation of IRAK1 under LPS treatment conditions. Interestingly, in Syk-knockout RAW264.7 cells, IRAK1 activity was almost completely blocked after LPS treatment, while providing a Syk-recovery gene to the knockout cells successfully restored IRAK1 expression. According to our measurements of IRAK1 mRNA levels, the transcriptional upregulation of IRAK1 was induced by LPS treatment between 4 and 60 min, and this can be suppressed in Syk knockout cells, providing an effect similar that that seen under piceatannol treatment. The overexpression of Syk reverses this effect and leads to a significantly higher IRAK1 mRNA level. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that Syk plays a critical role in regulating both the activity and transcriptional level of IRAK1.
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Haleagrahara N, Miranda-Hernandez S, Alim MA, Hayes L, Bird G, Ketheesan N. Therapeutic effect of quercetin in collagen-induced arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:38-46. [PMID: 28342364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a bioactive flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and protective properties, is a potential agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is the most commonly used animal model for studying the pathogenesis of RA. This study analysed the therapeutic role of quercetin in collagen-induced arthritis in C57BL/6 mice. The animals were allocated into five groups that were subjected to the following treatments: negative (untreated) control, positive control (arthritis-induced), arthritis+methotrexate, arthritis+quercetin, and arthritis+methotrexate+quercetin. Assessments of weight, oedema, joint damage, and cytokine production were used to determine the therapeutic effect of quercetin. This study demonstrated for the first time the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of quercetin in vivo in CIA. The results also showed that the concurrent administration of quercetin and methotrexate did not offer greater protection than the administration of a single agent. The use of quercetin as a monotherapeutic agent resulted in the lowest degree of joint inflammation and the highest protection. The reduced severity of the disease in animals treated with quercetin was associated with decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, and MCP-1. In conclusion, this study determined that quercetin, which was non-toxic, produced better results than methotrexate for the protection of joints from arthritic inflammation in mice. Quercetin may be an alternative treatment for RA because it modulates the main pathogenic pathways of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Haleagrahara
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - Socorro Miranda-Hernandez
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Linda Hayes
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Guy Bird
- JCU Veterinary Hospital, James Cook University, Townsville Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Natkunam Ketheesan
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Okonogi S, Kheawfu K, Holzer W, Unger FM, Viernstein H, Mueller M. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Compounds from Polygonum odoratum. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum odoratum is an edible plant traditionally used as an antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor agent in Asia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of P. odoratum and the isolation and characterization of its main fractions. Extracts of the aerial parts were tested for anti-inflammatory activity as indicated by a change in the cytokine secretion in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. After separation of the extract by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, the anti-inflammatory activity of the fractions was determined. Furthermore, the two main fractions were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H- and 13C-NMR). The ethanolic extract significantly reduced IL-6 secretion (IC50 25 μg/mL). The two main fractions (5 and 7) significantly decreased IL-6 production with an IC50 of 102 μM (5) and 77 μM (7), respectively, and were identified as scutellarein-7-glucoside (5) and quercitrin (7). Since inflammation plays a major role in various diseases with high prevalence globally, it may be of importance that P. odoratum and its main constituents scutellarein-7-glucoside and quercitrin can be used as either an alternative or complementary treatment. Additionally, both are glycosides and their activity may be enhanced tremendously by deglycosylation by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program, The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kantaporn Kheawfu
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program, The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Division of Drug Synthesis, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank M. Unger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Viernstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Mueller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Gu J, Crosier PS, Hall CJ, Chen L, Xu X. Inflammatory pathway network-based drug repositioning and molecular phenomics. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2777-84. [PMID: 27345454 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective biological response to body/tissue damage that involves immune cells, blood vessels and molecular mediators. In this work, we constructed the pathway network of inflammation, including 11 sub-pathways of inflammatory factors. Pathway-based network efficiency and network flux were adopted to evaluate drug efficacy. By using approved and experimentally validated anti-inflammatory drugs as training sets, a predictive model was built to screen potential anti-inflammatory drugs from approved drugs in DrugBank. This drug repositioning approach would bring a fast and cheap way to find new indications for approved drugs. Moreover, molecular phenomics profiles of the expression of inflammatory factors will provide new insight into the drug mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyong Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Philip S Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Christopher J Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Lirong Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Park JG, Kang WS, Park KT, Park DJ, Aravinthan A, Kim JH, Cho JY. Anticancer effect of joboksansam, Korean wild ginseng germinated from bird feces. J Ginseng Res 2016; 40:304-8. [PMID: 27616908 PMCID: PMC5005356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joboksansam, Korean bird wild ginseng, is an artificially cultivated wild ginseng germinated from bird feces. Although numerous pharmacologic activities of wild ginsengs have been reported, the beneficial effect of joboksansam in cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the in vivo and in vitro anticancer activities of joboksansam powder. METHODS To evaluate the in vivo anticancer activity of joboksansam, we established a xenograft mouse model bearing RMA cell-derived cancer. Direct cytotoxicity induced by joboksansam powder was also investigated in vitro using (3-4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The inhibitory activity of this powder on the activation of cell survival signaling involving Akt and Src was examined with immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Joboksansam powder displayed strong inhibitory activity against the increased tumor size, increased weight of total body and cancer tissues, and mortality of tumor-bearing mice. Joboksansam powder also suppressed the activation of survival regulatory enzymes Akt and Src, as assessed by phosphorylation levels in the immunoblot analysis of tumor tissues. Interestingly, the viability of RMA cells in vitro was directly decreased by joboksansam treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, our results strongly suggest that joboksansam powder has the potential to protect against cancer generation by direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells resulting from suppression of cell survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Kyung Tae Park
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dong Jun Park
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Adithan Aravinthan
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Oany AR, Siddikey AA, Hossain MU, Islam R, Emran AA. A preliminary evaluation of cytotoxicity, antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity of Polygonum hydropiper L. ethanolic leaf extract. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-016-0016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Flavonoids of Polygonum hydropiper L. attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury via suppressing phosphorylation in MAPKs pathways. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:25. [PMID: 26801102 PMCID: PMC4724128 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Polygonum hydropiper L. is widely used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of dysentery, gastroenteritis. It has been used to relieve swelling and pain, dispel wind and remove dampness, eliminate abundant phlegm and inflammatory for a long time. Previous study showed that antioxidants especially flavonoids pretreatment alleviated sepsis-induced injury in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the possible anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids from normal butanol fraction of Polygonum hydropiper L. extract (FNP) against inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Methods The content of total flavonoid of FNP was determined by the aluminum colorimetric method. The content of rutin, quercetin and quercitrin was determined by HPLC method. Mice received FNP orally 3 days before an intra-peritoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Total superoxidase dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Tumor necrosis factor-α levels in serum and tissue was measured. mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung were assessed by Real-Time PCR. Histopathological changes were evaluated in lung, ileum and colon. We also investigated FNP on reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, phosphorylation of MAPKs and AMPK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results FNP increased the levels of T-SOD, T-AOC, GSH-PX and GSH, decreased the levels of TNF-α, MPO and MDA, attenuate the histopathological lesion in LPS-stimulated mice. FNP inhibited production of inflammatory cytokines, ROS and NO, protein expressions of iNOS and COX-2, phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and c-JUN in MAPKs, promoted phosphorylation of AMPKα suppressed by LPS. Conclusion These results suggested in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of FNP might contributed to its enhancement in antioxidant capacity, its inhibitory effects may be mediated by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and c-JUN in MAPKs signaling pathways.
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Song ZT, Zhu MJ. Feed additive production by fermentation of herb Polygonum hydropiper L. and cassava pulp with simultaneous flavonoid dissolution. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:290-300. [PMID: 26749490 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation of herb Polygonum hydropiper L. (PHL) and cassava pulp (CP) for feed additive production with simultaneous flavonoid dissolution was investigated, and a two-stage response surface methodology (RSM) based on Plackett-Burman factorial design (PB design) was used to optimize the flavonoid dissolution and protein content. Using the screening function of PB design, four different significant factors for the two response variables were acquired: factors A (CP) and B (PHL) for the flavonoid dissolution versus factors G (inoculum size) and H (fermentation time) for protein content. Then, two RSMs were used sequentially to improve the values of the two response variables separately. The mutual corroboration of the experimental results in the present study confirmed the validity of the associated experimental design. The validation experiment showed a flavonoid dissolution rate of 94.00%, and a protein content of 18.20%, gaining an increase in 21.20% and 199.10% over the control, respectively. The present study confirms the feasibility of feed additive production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with CP and PHL and simultaneous optimization of flavonoid dissolution and protein content using a two-stage RSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Tao Song
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jun Zhu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Hossen MJ, Hong YD, Baek KS, Yoo S, Hong YH, Kim JH, Lee JO, Kim D, Park J, Cho JY. In vitro antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of the compound K-rich fraction BIOGF1K, prepared from Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:43-51. [PMID: 28123321 PMCID: PMC5223069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BIOGF1K, a compound K-rich fraction prepared from the root of Panax ginseng, is widely used for cosmetic purposes in Korea. We investigated the functional mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of BIOGF1K by discovering target enzymes through various molecular studies. Methods We explored the inhibitory mechanisms of BIOGF1K using lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory responses, reporter gene assays involving overexpression of toll-like receptor adaptor molecules, and immunoblotting analysis. We used the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to measure the antioxidative activity. We cotransfected adaptor molecules, including the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and Toll/interleukin-receptor domain containing adaptor molecule-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), to measure the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Results BIOGF1K suppressed lipopolysaccharide-triggered NO release in macrophages as well as DPPH-induced electron-donating activity. It also blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA levels of interferon-β and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Moreover, BIOGF1K diminished the translocation and activation of IRF3 and NF-κB (p50 and p65). This extract inhibited the upregulation of NF-κB-linked luciferase activity provoked by phorbal-12-myristate-13 acetate as well as MyD88, TRIF, and inhibitor of κB (IκBα) kinase (IKKβ), and IRF3-mediated luciferase activity induced by TRIF and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Finally, BIOGF1K downregulated the NF-κB pathway by blocking IKKβ and the IRF3 pathway by inhibiting TBK1, according to reporter gene assays, immunoblotting analysis, and an AKT/IKKβ/TBK1 overexpression strategy. Conclusion Overall, our data suggest that the suppression of IKKβ and TBK1, which mediate transcriptional regulation of NF-κB and IRF3, respectively, may contribute to the broad-spectrum inhibitory activity of BIOGF1K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea; Department of Animal Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- Heritage Material Research Team, Amorepacific R&D Unit, Yongin, Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Baek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sulgi Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Oog Lee
- Bio-inspired Aerospace Information Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Heritage Material Research Team, Amorepacific R&D Unit, Yongin, Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Heritage Material Research Team, Amorepacific R&D Unit, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Hossen MJ, Kim MY, Cho JY. MAPK/AP-1-Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Xanthium strumarium. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1111-1125. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, is prescribed to treat arthritis, bronchitis, and rhinitis. Although the plant has been used for many years, the mechanism by which it ameliorates various inflammatory diseases is not yet fully understood. To explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of methanol extracts of X. strumarium (Xs-ME) and its therapeutic potential, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells and human monocyte-like U937 cells as well as a LPS/D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute hepatitis mouse model. To find the target inflammatory pathway, we used holistic immunoblotting analysis, reporter gene assays, and mRNA analysis. Xs-ME significantly suppressed the up-regulation of both the activator protein (AP)-1-mediated luciferase activity and the production of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text]. Moreover, Xs-ME strongly inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 and U937 cells. Additionally, these results highlighted the hepatoprotective and curative effects of Xs-ME in a mouse model of LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury, as assessed by elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and histological damage. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that the ethnopharmacological roles of Xs-ME in hepatitis and other inflammatory diseases might result from its inhibitory activities on the inflammatory signaling of MAPK and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Hossen MJ, Kim MY, Kim JH, Cho JY. AP-1-Targeted Inhibition of Macrophage Function and Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced Hepatitis by Phyllanthus acidus Methanolic Extract. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1137-58. [PMID: 26381032 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, Phyllanthus acidus (Phyllanthaceae) has been used for the treatment of rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, respiratory disorders, and hepatitis. Recently, we showed that a methanol extract of Phyllanthaceae (Pa-ME) has a potent anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 cells and strongly ameliorates HCl / EtOH -induced gastric ulcers in mice by targeting the Src/Syk of NF-κB. In the present study, we explored the molecular mechanism of Pa-ME on the AP-1 activation pathway and evaluated its potential hepatoprotective effects. To do this, we employed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and U937 cells and an LPS/D-galactosamine (D- GaIN )-induced acute hepatitis mouse model. We utilized a multitude of assays, including immunoblotting analysis, reporter gene assays, and mRNA expression analysis, to determine the effect of Pa-ME on the AP-1 pathway. Pa-ME strikingly suppressed the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, Pa-ME also strongly inhibited activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages cells and the U937 monocyte like human cell line. Moreover, pre-treatment with Pa-ME exhibited strong hepatoprotective and curative effects in an LPS/D-Gal-induced mouse hepatitis model as evidenced by a decrease in elevated serum AST and ALT levels and the amelioration of histological damage. Taken together, our data suggest that Pa-ME might play a crucial ethnopharmacological role as a hepatoprotective herbal remedy by suppressing MAPK signaling and the activity of the downstream transcription factor AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biological Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Yoon JY, Kim JH, Baek KS, Kim GS, Lee SE, Lee DY, Choi JH, Kim SY, Park HB, Sung GH, Lee KR, Cho JY, Noh HJ. A direct protein kinase B-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of cordycepin from artificially cultured fruit body of Cordyceps militaris. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:477-85. [PMID: 26246722 PMCID: PMC4522833 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.160454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cordyceps militaris is one of well-known medicinal mushrooms with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities. Objective: The objective of the following study is to isolate chemical components from the ethanol extract (Cm-EE) from Cordyceps militaris and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities. Materials and Methods: Column chromatographic separation was performed and anti-inflammatory roles of these compounds were also examined by using NO production and protein kinase B (AKT) activity assays. Results: From Cm-EE, 13 constituents, including trehalose (1), cordycepin (2), 6-hydroxyethyladenosine (3), nicotinic amide (4), butyric acid (5), β-dimorphecolic acid (6), α-dimorphecolic acid (7), palmitic acid (8), linoleic acid (9), cordycepeptide A (10), 4-(2-hydroxy-3-((9E,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy)propoxy)-2-(trimethylammonio)butanoate (11), 4-(2-hydroxy-3-(palmitoyloxy)propoxy)-2-(trimethylammonio)butanoate (12), and linoleic acid methyl ester (13) were isolated. Of these components, compound 2 displayed a significant inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, this compound strongly and directly suppressed the kinase activity of AKT, an essential signalling enzyme in LPS-induced NO production, by interacting with its ATP binding site. Conclusion: C. militaris could have anti-inflammatory activity mediated by cordycepin-induced suppression of AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Yoon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Baek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Geum Soog Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseoung 369 873, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseoung 369 873, Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseoung 369 873, Korea
| | - Je Hun Choi
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseoung 369 873, Korea
| | - Seung Yu Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseoung 369 873, Korea
| | - Hyun Bong Park
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440 746, Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseoung 369 873, Korea
| | - Kang Ro Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440 746, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Noh
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseoung 369 873, Korea
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Thai HV, Kim E, Kim SC, Jeong D, Yang S, Baek KS, Kim Y, Ratan ZA, Yoon KD, Kim JH, Cho JY. Boerhavia diffusa L. ethanol extract suppresses inflammatory responses via inhibition of Src/Syk/TRAF6. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Hossen MJ, Jeon SH, Kim SC, Kim JH, Jeong D, Sung NY, Yang S, Baek KS, Kim JH, Yoon DH, Song WO, Yoon KD, Cho SH, Lee S, Kim JH, Cho JY. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus acidus methanolic extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:217-228. [PMID: 25839115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels (Phyllanthaceae) has traditionally been used to treat gastric trouble, rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, respiratory disorders, and hepatitis. Despite this widespread use, the pharmacological activities of this plant and their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the immunopharmacological activities of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of this plant (Pa-ME) and validated its pharmacological targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages, an HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis model, and an acetic acid-injected capillary permeability mouse model were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Pa-ME. Potentially active anti-inflammatory components of this extract were identified by HPLC. The molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity were studied by kinase assays, reporter gene assays, immunoprecipitation analysis, and overexpression of target enzymes. RESULTS Pa-ME suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prevented morphological changes in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, both HCl/EtOH-induced gastric damage and acetic acid-triggered vascular permeability were restored by orally administered Pa-ME. Furthermore, this extract downregulated the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and reduced the nuclear levels of NF-κB. Signalling events upstream of NF-κB translocation, such as phosphorylation of Src and Syk and formation of Src/Syk signalling complexes, were also inhibited by Pa-ME. The enzymatic activities of Src and Syk were also suppressed by Pa-ME. Moreover, Src-induced and Syk-induced luciferase activity and p85/Akt phosphorylation were also inhibited by Pa-ME. Of the identified flavonoids, kaempferol and quercetin were revealed as partially active anti-inflammatory components in Pa-ME. CONCLUSION Pa-ME exerts anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo by suppressing Src, Syk, and their downstream transcription factor, NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Sung Ho Jeon
- Department of Life Science Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak Yoon Sung
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjae Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Baek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyo Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 220-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Won O Song
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kee Dong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Gu J, Zhang X, Ma Y, Li N, Luo F, Cao L, Wang Z, Yuan G, Chen L, Xiao W, Xu X. Quantitative modeling of dose-response and drug combination based on pathway network. J Cheminform 2015; 7:19. [PMID: 26101547 PMCID: PMC4476235 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-015-0066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative description of dose–response of a drug for complex systems is essential for treatment of diseases and drug discovery. Given the growth of large-scale biological data obtained by multi-level assays, computational modeling has become an important approach to understand the mechanism of drug action. However, due to complicated interactions between drugs and cellular targets, the prediction of drug efficacy is a challenge, especially for complex systems. And the biological systems can be regarded as networks, where nodes represent molecular entities (DNA, RNA, protein and small compound) and processes, edges represent the relationships between nodes. Thus we combine biological pathway-based network modeling and molecular docking to evaluate drug efficacy. Results Network efficiency (NE) and network flux (NF) are both global measures of the network connectivity. In this work, we used NE and NF to quantitatively evaluate the inhibitory effects of compounds against the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of prostaglandin E2. The edge values of the pathway network of this biological process were reset according to the Michaelis-Menten equation, which used the binding constant and drug concentration to determine the degree of inhibition of the target protein in the pathway. The combination of NE and NF was adopted to evaluate the inhibitory effects. The dose–response curve was sigmoid and the EC50 values of 5 compounds were in good agreement with experimental results (R2 = 0.93). Moreover, we found that 2 drugs produced maximal synergism when they were combined according to the ratio between each EC50. Conclusions This quantitative model has the ability to predict the dose–response relationships of single drug and drug combination in the context of the pathway network of biological process. These findings are valuable for the evaluation of drug efficacy and thus provide an effective approach for pathway network-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyong Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhuang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People's Republic of China.,National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang City, 222002 People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang City, 222002 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang City, 222002 People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang City, 222002 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang City, 222002 People's Republic of China
| | - Gu Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang City, 222002 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People's Republic of China
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Hossen MJ, Kim SC, Son YJ, Baek KS, Kim E, Yang WS, Jeong D, Park JG, Kim HG, Chung WJ, Yoon K, Ryou C, Lee SY, Kim JH, Cho JY. AP-1-Targeting Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Persicaria chinensis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:608126. [PMID: 25878717 PMCID: PMC4386570 DOI: 10.1155/2015/608126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, Persicaria chinensis L. has been prescribed to cure numerous inflammatory disorders. We previously analyzed the bioactivity of the methanol extract of this plant (Pc-ME) against LPS-induced NO and PGE2 in RAW264.7 macrophages and found that it prevented HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcers in mice. The purpose of the current study was to explore the molecular mechanism by which Pc-ME inhibits activator protein- (AP-) 1 activation pathway and mediates its hepatoprotective activity. To investigate the putative therapeutic properties of Pc-ME against AP-1-mediated inflammation and hepatotoxicity, lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW264.7 and U937 cells, a monocyte-like human cell line, and an LPS/D-galactosamine- (D-GalN-) induced acute hepatitis mouse model were employed. The expression of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was significantly diminished by Pc-ME. Moreover, Pc-ME reduced AP-1 activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in both LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and differentiated U937 cells. Additionally, we highlighted the hepatoprotective and curative effects of Pc-ME pretreated orally in a mouse model of LPS/D-GalN-intoxicated acute liver injury by demonstrating the significant reduction in elevated serum AST and ALT levels and histological damage. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that Pc-ME could function as an antihepatitis remedy suppressing MAPK/AP-1-mediated inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Seung Cheol Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Baek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Chung
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Keejung Yoon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Díaz-Rodríguez P, Landin M. Controlled release of indomethacin from alginate–poloxamer–silicon carbide composites decrease in-vitro inflammation. Int J Pharm 2015; 480:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Hossen MJ, Baek KS, Kim E, Yang WS, Jeong D, Kim JH, Kweon DH, Yoon DH, Kim TW, Kim JH, Cho JY. In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Persicaria chinensis methanolic extract targeting Src/Syk/NF-κB. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 159:9-16. [PMID: 25446596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE Persicaria chinensis L. (Polygonaceae) [also synonym as Polygonum chimnense L.] has been used as Chinese traditional medicine to treat ulcer, eczema, stomach ache, and various inflammatory skin diseases. Due to no molecular pharmacological evidence of this anti-inflammatory herbal plant, we investigated the inhibitory mechanisms and target proteins contributing to the anti-inflammatory responses of the plant by using its methanolic extract (Pc-ME). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages and a murine HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis model to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Pc-ME. HPLC analysis was employed to identify potential active components of this extract. Molecular approaches including kinase assays, reporter gene assays, immunoprecipitation analysis, and overexpression of target enzymes were used to confirm target enzymes. RESULTS Pc-ME inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 release by RAW264.7 macrophages and ameliorated HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcers in mice. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65 and p50) was suppressed by Pc-ME. Phosphorylation of Src and Syk, their kinase activities, and formation of the signaling complex of these proteins were repressed by Pc-ME. Phosphorylation of p85 and Akt induced by Src or Syk overexpression was blocked by Pc-ME. In the mouse gastritis model, orally administered Pc-ME suppressed the increased phosphorylation of IκBα, Αkt, Src, and Syk. Caffeic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin, identified as major anti-inflammatory components of Pc-ME by HPLC, displayed strong nitric oxide inhibitory activity in LPS-treated macrophages. CONCLUSION Pc-ME might play a pivotal ethnopharmacologic role as an anti-inflammatory herbal medicine by targeting Syk and Src kinases and their downstream transcription factor NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang-Soo Baek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyo Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chucheon 220-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chucheon 220-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Ayaz M, Junaid M, Subhan F, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Ahmad S, Imran M, Kamal Z, Hussain S, Shah SM. Heavy metals analysis, phytochemical, phytotoxic and anthelmintic investigations of crude methanolic extract, subsequent fractions and crude saponins from Polygonum hydropiper L. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:465. [PMID: 25472835 PMCID: PMC4289404 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygonum hydropiper L decoctions are traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments including inflammation, dyspepsia, diarrhea, menorrhagia, hemorrhoids, helminthiasis and CNS disorders. Present study was undertaken to investigate P. hydropiper L. for heavy metals content, phytoconstituents, Phytotoxic and anthelmintic activities to explore its toxicological and pharmacological potentials and rationalize its ethnomedicinal uses. METHODS Plant crude powder, methanolic extract, fractions and soil samples were analyzed for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was carried out for the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinones, saponins, terpenoids, sterols and tannins. Radish seeds phytotoxicity assay was used to study phytotoxic action of plant extracts. Pheretima posthuma and Ascaridia galli were used to study anthelmintic potential of the plant using albendazole and levamisole HCl as standard drugs. RESULTS Plant crude powder, methanolic extract (Ph.Cr), its subsequent fractions; n-hexane (Ph.Hex), chloroform (Ph.Chf), ethyl acetate (Ph.EtAc), n-Butanol (Ph.Bt), aqueous (Ph.Aq), saponins (Ph.Sp) and soil samples were found to contain copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in different concentrations. In crude powder of the plant, heavy metals concentrations were within WHO specified limits, whereas different fractions and soil samples exhibited high metals content. Ph.Cr was tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and anthraquinone glycosides. Among different fractions Ph.EtAc, Ph.Sp, Ph.Chf and Ph.Bt were most effective causing 89.32, 89.25, 86.68 and 85.32% inhibition of seeds in phytotoxicity assay, with IC50 values of 50, 60, 35 and 100 μg/ml respectively. In anthelmintic study, Ph.Sp, Ph.Chf, Ph.EtAc and Ph.Cr were most effective against P. posthuma at 10 mg/ml concentration with an average death time of 50, 64.67, 68.67 and 71 minutes respectively. Ph.EtAc, Ph.Chf and Ph.Aq were most effective against A. galli with average death time of 7, 9 and 10 min respectively at 1 mg/ml concentration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that P. hydropiper contains different heavy metals and secondary metabolites. Different fractions exhibited phytotoxic and anthelmintic activites comparable to control drugs, thus provide pharmacological basis for ethnomedicinal uses of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Fazal Subhan
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Zul Kamal
- />Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal (Dir Upper), Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Hussain
- />Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST) Kohat, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Syed Majid Shah
- />Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST) Kohat, Kohat, Pakistan
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George A, Chinnappan S, Chintamaneni M, Kotak C V, Choudhary Y, Kueper T, Radhakrishnan AK. Anti-inflammatory effects of Polygonum minus (Huds) extract (Lineminus™) in in-vitro enzyme assays and carrageenan induced paw edema. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:355. [PMID: 25252832 PMCID: PMC4181702 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Polygonum minus (Huds) using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Methods The in vitro tests used to evaluate ethanolic extract are cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase (5-LOX), secretory phospholipase-A2 (sPLA2) inhibition assay whilst the in-vivo effect was measured by the ability of aqueous extracts to reduce paw edema induced by λ-carrageenan, in rats. Results The ethanolic extract inhibited the activities of 5-LOX and COX-1(p < 0.05) whilst the inhibitory effect on COX-2 was only moderate. A marked inhibition of 5-LOX was observed at 30 μg/ ml. The extract did not inhibit the activity of sPLA2. The ability of the ethanolic extracts of Polygonum minus to inhibit both 5-LOX and COX, prompted a study to evaluate the effects of using an aqueous extract of Polygonum minus(LineminusTM); as this would be more suitable for future clinical testing. The anti-inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract from this plant was evaluated using a rat model where inflammation was induced in the paws by injection of λ-carrageenan. The aqueous extracts from Polygonum minus administered at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), significantly (p < 0.01) reduced paw edema induced by λ-carrageenan in the experimental model, at 4 h compared to the vehicle control. Furthermore, administration of 100 mg/kg b.w. or 300 mg/kg b.w. completely reduced inflammation of the paw 4 h after injection. Conclusion These findings suggest that aqueous extract of Polygonum minus possesses potent anti-inflammatory activities.
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Zhang X, Gu J, Cao L, Ma Y, Su Z, Luo F, Wang Z, Li N, Yuan G, Chen L, Xu X, Xiao W. Insights into the inhibition and mechanism of compounds against LPS-induced PGE2 production: a pathway network-based approach and molecular dynamics simulations. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:1162-9. [PMID: 25228393 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to the current target-based screening approach, it is increasingly evident that active lead compounds based on disease-related phenotypes are more likely to be translated to clinical trials during drug development. That is, because human diseases are in essence the outcome of the abnormal function of multiple genes, especially in complex diseases. Therefore, as a conventional technology in the early phase of active lead compound discovery, computational methods that can connect molecular interactions and disease-related phenotypes to evaluate the efficacy of compounds are in urgently required. In this work, a computational approach that integrates molecular docking and pathway network analysis (network efficiency and network flux) was developed to evaluate the efficacy of a compound against LPS-induced Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production. The predicted results were then validated in vitro, and a correlation with the experimental results was analyzed using linear regression. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to explore the molecular mechanism of the most potent compounds. There were 12 hits out of 28 predicted ingredients separated from Reduning injection (RDN). The predicted results have a good agreement with the experimental inhibitory potency (IC50) (correlation coefficient = 0.80). The most potent compounds could target several proteins to regulate the pathway network. This might partly interpret the molecular mechanism of RDN on fever. Meanwhile, the good correlation of the computational model with the wet experimental results might bridge the gap between molecule-target interactions and phenotypic response, especially for multi-target compounds. Therefore, it would be helpful for active lead compound discovery, the understanding of the multiple targets and synergic essence of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Kanion Pharmaceutical Corporation, Lianyungang City 222002, P. R. China.
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Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Makarov VG, Wagner H, Verpoorte R, Heinrich M. Medicinal plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; their history and applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:481-536. [PMID: 24742754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the location of Russia between West and East, Russian phytotherapy has accumulated and adopted approaches that originated in European and Asian traditional medicine. Phytotherapy is an official and separate branch of medicine in Russia; thus, herbal medicinal preparations are considered official medicaments. The aim of the present review is to summarize and critically appraise data concerning plants used in Russian medicine. This review describes the history of herbal medicine in Russia, the current situation and the pharmacological effects of specific plants in the Russian Pharmacopoeia that are not included in the European Pharmacopoeia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR (11(th) edition), we selected plant species that have not yet been adopted in Western and Central Europe (e.g., selected for inclusion in the European Pharmacopoeia) and systematically searched the scientific literature for data using library catalogs, the online service E-library.ru, and databases such as Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, and the Web of Science regarding species, effectiveness, pharmacological effects, and safety. RESULTS The Russian Federation follows the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR (11(th) edition), which contains 83 individual plant monographs. Fifty-one of these plants are also found in the European Pharmacopoeia and have been well studied, but 32 plants are found only in the Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. Many articles about these medicinal plants were never translated in English, and much of the information collected by Russian scientists has never been made available to the international community. Such knowledge can be applied in future studies aimed at a safe, evidence-based use of traditional Russian medicinal plants in European and global phytopharmacotherapy as well as for the discovery of novel leads for drug development. CONCLUSION The review highlights the therapeutic potential of these Russian phytopharmaceuticals but also highlights cases where concern has been raised about product safety and tolerability, which would aid in supporting their safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Shikov
- St-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Kuz'molovskiy town, build 245, Vsevolozhskiy distr., Leningrad reg., 188663 Russia.
| | - Olga N Pozharitskaya
- St-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Kuz'molovskiy town, build 245, Vsevolozhskiy distr., Leningrad reg., 188663 Russia
| | - Valery G Makarov
- St-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Kuz'molovskiy town, build 245, Vsevolozhskiy distr., Leningrad reg., 188663 Russia
| | - Hildebert Wagner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University, D - 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Rob Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, IBL, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, Sylviusweg 72
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines. Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London.
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Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Aspects of Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:782830. [PMID: 24834098 PMCID: PMC4009190 DOI: 10.1155/2014/782830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre, belonging to Polygonaceae family, is a common weed found in most of the temperate countries including Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, and Japan. The plant is also referred to as “marsh pepper” or “smart weed.” It appears to be a useful herb with evidence-based medicinal properties. The present work addresses the botanical description, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of P. hydropiper. All plant parts have been commonly used in the traditional systems of medicines. Flavonoids are the major group of phytochemical components followed by drimane-type sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids, as well as phenylpropanoids. Different extracts and plant parts showed remarkable pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antihelminth, antifeedant, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, oestrogenicity, antifertility, antiadipogenicity, and neuroprotection. Mutagenicity and acute and subchronic toxicities of the plant were also reported. P. hydropiper has tremendous medicinal properties that could further be investigated for the development of evidence-based herbal products.
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