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He Z, Yang S, Tan Y, Liao Y, Song S. Efficacy and safety of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in patients with spinal cord injury: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37865. [PMID: 38640259 PMCID: PMC11030014 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been growing interest in using the traditional Chinese herb Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) as a potential treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI), owing to its long-used treatment for SCI in China. However, the efficacy and safety of BHD treatment for SCI remain widely skeptical. This meta-analysis aims to assess the safety and efficacy of BHD in managing SCI. METHOD A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Sinomed, up to January 1, 2024. Randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating the safety or efficacy of BHD in SCI treatment were included. The analysis focused on 8 critical endpoints: Patient-perceived total clinical effective rate, American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) sensory score, ASIA motor score, somatosensory evoked potential, motor evoked potential, visual analog scale pain score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and adverse events. RESULTS Thirteen studies comprising 815 participants met the inclusion criteria. No significant heterogeneity or publication bias was observed across the trials. The findings revealed significant improvements in the patient-perceived total clinical effective rate (OR = 3.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.43, 5.86]; P < .001), ASIA sensory score (mean difference [MD] = 8.22; 95% CI = [5.87, 10.56]; P < .001), ASIA motor score (MD = 7.16; 95% CI = [5.15, 9.18]; P < .001), somatosensory evoked potential (MD = 0.25; 95% CI = [0.03, 0.48]; P = .02), motor evoked potential (MD = 0.30; 95% CI = [0.14, 0.46]; P = .0002), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (MD = 1.99; 95% CI = [0.39, 3.58]; P = .01) in the BHD combination group compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in visual analog scale pain scores (MD = -0.81; 95% CI = [-1.52, -0.11]; P = .02) with BHD combination treatment, without a significant increase in adverse effects (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = [0.33, 1.41]; P = .3). CONCLUSION The current evidence suggests that BHD is effective and safe in treating SCI, warranting consideration as a complementary and alternative therapy. However, given the low methodological quality of the included studies, further rigorous research is warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng He
- Department of Orthopaedic, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Silin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuxi Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shigang Song
- Department of Orthopaedic, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, China
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Wang RJ, Ma GC, Yu S, Zhang M, Pu SB. UPLC-MS based metabonomics revealed the protective effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction on ischemic stroke rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae052. [PMID: 38567035 PMCID: PMC10982849 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Storke is a leading cause of death and disability affecting million people worldwide, 80% of which is ischemic stroke (IS). Recently, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have received great attentions in treating IS due to their low poisonous effects and high safety. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), a famous and classical Chinese prescription, has been used for treating stroke-induced disability for centuries. Yet, its underlying mechanism is still in fancy. Methods We first constructed an IS model by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then, a metabonomics study on serum samples was performed using UHPLC-QTOF/MS, followed by multivariate data analysis including principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA). Results Metabolic profiling of PCA indicated metabolic perturbation caused by MCAO was regulated by BHD back to normal levels, which is in agreement with the neurobehavioral evaluations. In the OPLS-DA, 12 metabolites were screened as potential biomarkers involved in MCAO-induced IS. Three metabolic pathways were recognized as the most relevant pathways, involving one carbon pool by folate, sphingolipid metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism. BHD significantly reversed the abnormality of 7 metabolites to normal levels. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate the effect of BHD on IS at the metabolite level and to reveal the underlying mechanisms of BHD, which is complementary to neurobehavioral evaluation. In a broad sense, the current study brings novel and valuable insights to evaluate efficacy of TCMs, to interpret the action mechanisms, and to provide the theoretical basis for further research on the therapeutic mechanisms in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-jun Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Mdicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 2628 Xiangyuan Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guang-chao Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Wujiaying Street, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shun Yu
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Mdicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, China
- Yunnan Institude of Traditional Chinese medicine and materia medical, Lianhua chi, Kumning 650000, China
| | - Shi-biao Pu
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
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Li X, Song Y, Yang Y, Zhang G. Buyang Huanwu Decoction promotes the neurological recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury via inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e933. [PMID: 37506135 PMCID: PMC10336660 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence rate of spinal cord injury (SCI) is increasing, and the mortality or disability rate caused by SCI remains high in the world. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a kind of Traditional Chinese medicine, and it is believed to be effective in several kinds of nervous system diseases. Whether BYHWD could improve SCI and the potential function mechanism remain unclear. METHODS SCI animal model was established by damaging T10 spinal cord. Animals experiments included five groups as follows: Sham, SCI, SCI+BYHWD, SCI+mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and SCI+BYHWD+MSCs. H2 O2 -treated cells (100 µM, 6 h) were used to simulate SCI damage in vitro, which included five groups as follows: control, H2 O2 , H2 O2 +BYHWD, H2 O2 +MSCs, and H2 O2 +BYHWD+MSCs. The behavioral function was evaluated with Tarlov and inclined plated test score. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect protein expression. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondiadehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 in serum were measured with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and flow cytometry were performed to measure apoptosis in vivo and in vitro levels. Gene expression profiling analysis was performed to analyze differential expression genes. RESULTS BYHWD suppressed apoptosis and accelerating cell proliferation after SCI. Recovery of neurofunction, inhibition of inflammatory response, and oxidative condition were achieved by BYHWD and MSCs. The expression levels of gp130/Janus kinase/signal transducers and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) were suppressed by BYHWD and MSCs, both in vivo and in vitro. BYHWD and MSCs markedly promoted cells viability and inhibited apoptosis. Greater gene expression difference was observed between group control and H2 O2 through gene expression profiling analysis. The recovery effects of traumatic SCI by BYHWD were similar to MSCs, and synergies effects were observed in several items. CONCLUSION BYHWD could increase Tarlov score and Basso, Beatie, and Bresnahan functional score, inhibit apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative condition after SCI. The expression level of gp130/JAK/STAT axis was suppressed by BYHWD. BYHWD might be a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention or treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Trauma OrthopedicsAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Yingjun Song
- Department of Trauma OrthopedicsAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Trauma OrthopedicsAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Department of Trauma OrthopedicsAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
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Chen X, Yang T, Luo Y, Feng Z, Fang R, Ge J, Mei Z. Methodological and reporting quality evaluation of Buyang Huanwu decoction for experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: a systematic review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:831-849. [PMID: 36637472 PMCID: PMC10079735 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu decoction, a classic traditional Chinese prescription, has been used to prevent and treat stroke for hundreds of years. An increasing number of the laboratory research on Buyang Huanwu decoction used in treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have been published recently. However, the problem of methodological and reporting quality of some studies is lack of assessment. This study aims to evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of the research on Buyang Huanwu decoction against experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. A comprehensive search on six databases was performed. Two researchers independently screened the literature considering the eligibility criteria. Methodological and reporting quality of the included studies were evaluated by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk-of-bias tool and Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guideline. Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. No study achieved a decent overall rating in using the SYRCLE tool (percentage of items with "low risk" ≥ 50%). Of the 22 items on the SYRCLE tool, only 7 items (31.82%) were rated as "low risk" in more than 50% of the included studies. Of the 39 items of ARRIVE guideline, 14 (35.9%) items were rated as "yes" in more than 50% of the included studies. The methodological and reporting quality of Buyang Huanwu decoction for experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was substandard, which needed to be further improved. The limitations should be addressed when planning similar studies in the future. Additionally, these findings provided evidence-based guidance for future preclinical studies evaluating the efficacy of Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Tong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory On Chinese Medicine Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory On Chinese Medicine Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Rui Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
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Yin M, Liu Z, Wang J, Gao W. Buyang Huanwu decoction alleviates oxidative injury of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through PKCε/Nrf2 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115953. [PMID: 36442760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ischemic stroke is a significant risk factor for human health, and Buyang Huanwu Decoction is a classical and famous Chinese formula for treating it, but without clear pharmacological mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate that the molecular mechanism of BYHWD activation of the PKCε/Nrf2 signaling pathway to attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) oxidative damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MCAO method was used to establish a brain I/R injury model in SD rats, and neurological deficits were evaluated by neurological function score. Neuronal damage was observed by Nissl staining and immunofluorescence detection of MAP2 expression. Oxidative damage was observed by ROS, SOD, GSH-PX, MDA, and 8-OHdG. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by using the fluorescent probe JC-1. The Western blot analysis detected protein expression of PKCε, P-PKCε, total Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. RESULTS BYHWD significantly enhanced neural function, reduced neuronal damage, inhibited the production of ROS, decreased MDA and 8-OHdG levels, increased SOD and GSH-PX activity to reduce oxidative damage, and restored mitochondrial membrane potential. BYHWD and Nrf2 activator TBHQ increased total Nrf2, nucleus Nrf2 protein expression, and its downstream HO-1 and NQO1 proteins, and the administration of the Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol reduced the enhancing effect of BYHWD. Meanwhile, BYHWD increased the expression of PKCε and P-PKCε and the administration of the PKCε inhibitor εV1-2 reduced the effect of BYHWD in increasing the expression of PKCε, P-PKCε, nuclear Nrf2, and HO-1, as well as promoting the effect of Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus. CONCLUSION This study marks the first to demonstrate that BYHWD ameliorates oxidative damage and attenuates brain I/R injury by activating the PKCε/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Zhenyi Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China; Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Weijuan Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
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Chen Q, Wan J, Zhang Y, He Y, Bao Y, Yu L, Yang J. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling analysis for hydroxysafflor yellow A-calycosin in compatibility in normal and cerebral ischemic rats: A comparative study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112950. [PMID: 35427818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Astragalus and Safflower are commonly used in the treatment of stroke. Studies have shown that their two active components, hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and calycosin (CA), have protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R). However, the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling study of the combination of the two components has not been reported in rats. The study aimed to perform combined PK-PD modeling of HSYA and CA in normal and cerebral ischemia model rats to explain quantitatively their time-concentration-effect relationship. METHODS To make the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. SD rats were randomly divided into normal treated group (NTG) (n = 6), model group (MDG) (n = 6) and model treated group (MTG) (n = 6). Plasma was collected from the mandibular vein after 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after intravenous administration. Rats in NTG and MTG were administered the same dose of HSYA (5 mg/kg) and CA (8 mg/kg) by tail vein injection. HPLC-VWD method was used for detection and analysis. Simultaneously, ELISA was performed to detect the levels of IL-1β and caspase-9 in rat plasma at different time points. The improvement in the above indicators was compared after administration. Lastly, after combining the pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic indicators in vivo, DAS 3.2.6 software was used to fit the PK-PD model. RESULTS The MCAO model was successfully established. Compared to NTG, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in t1/2α, t1/2β, V1, V2, CL1, CL2, AUC(0-t), AUC (0-∞), and K12 of MTG for HSYA, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in t1/2α, V1, CL1, AUC(0-t), AUC (0-∞), and K10 of MTG for CA. Compared to NTG, the PK parameters of t1/2α, V1, V2, CL1, and K10 were higher for HSYA in MTG, while AUC(0-t), AUC (0-∞), K12, and K21 were lower; the PK parameters of t1/2α, V1, V2, AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-∞) were higher for CA in MTG, while CL1, CL2, K10, K12, and K21 were lower. Also, the results of PD showed extremely significant differences in the levels of caspase-9 and IL-1β at the different time points in MTG (P < 0.01) compared with 0 min. The levels of caspase-9 and IL-1β in NTG rats showed little fluctuation and were relatively stable; however, their levels in MTG showed a downward trend with time. There were highly significant differences in the levels of each of the pharmacodynamic indicators at every time point between NTG and MTG (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The PK-PD model of the combined administration of HSYA and CA was successfully established in rats, and the differences in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties between the normal and cerebral ischemic rats were evaluated. Based on comprehensive data analysis, we found that the combination of HSYA and CA may exert protective effects against I/R injury in rats via anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways. The study provided additional insights into the development of drugs for ischemic stroke as well as the design of appropriate dosing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Jiayang Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Yida Bao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Li Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
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Chang Y, Hung CF, Ko HH, Wang SJ. Albanin A, Derived from the Root Bark of Morus alba L., Depresses Glutamate Release in the Rat Cerebrocortical Nerve Terminals via Ca 2+/Calmodulin/Adenylate Cyclase 1 Suppression. J Med Food 2021; 24:209-217. [PMID: 33739887 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreasing synaptic release of glutamate may counteract glutamate excitotoxicity in many neurological diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of albanin A, a constituent in the root bark of Morus alba L., on the release of glutamate in rat cerebral cortex nerve endings (synaptosomes). We found that albanin A at 5-30μM suppressed 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced release of glutamate. This phenomenon was abolished by extracellular calcium removal or by vesicular transporter inhibition, and was associated with a decrease in intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ levels. However, albanin A had no effect on the synaptosomal membrane potential. The inhibition of N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, calmodulin, adenylate cyclase (AC), and protein kinase A, abolished the effect of albanin A on the glutamate release evoked by 4-AP. Moreover, the albanin A-mediated inhibition of glutamate release was prevented by the Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated AC1 inhibitor. Western blot showed that AC1, but not AC8, was presented in the synaptosomes, and albanin A reduced 4-AP-induced increases in synaptosomal cyclic adenosine monophosphate content. In addition, albanin A pretreatment substantially attenuated neuronal damage in a rat model of kainic acid-induced glutamate excitotoxicity. Our data reveal that albanin A suppresses glutamate release by decreasing Ca2+/calmodulin/AC1 activation in synaptosomes and exerts neuroprotective effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Horng Huey Ko
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy; Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Center; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Jisuikang Promotes the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Regulating NgR/RhoA/ROCK Signal Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9542359. [PMID: 33354226 PMCID: PMC7735860 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9542359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Jisuikang (JSK) is an herbal formula composed of many kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been proved to be effective in promoting the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) after more than ten years of clinical application. However, the mechanisms of JSK promoting nerve regeneration are yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of JSK protecting neurons, specifically the regulation of NgR/RhoA/ROCK signal pathway. The motor function of rats was evaluated by the BBB score and inclined plate test, Golgi staining and transmission electron microscope were used to observe the microstructure of nerve tissue, and fluorescence double-labeling method was used to detect neuronal apoptosis. In this study, we found that JSK could improve the motor function of rats with SCI, protect the microstructure (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and dendritic spine) of neurons, and reduce the apoptosis rate of neurons in rats with SCI. In addition, JSK could inhibit the expression of Nogo receptor (NgR) in neurons and the NgR/RhoA/ROCK signal pathway in rats with SCI. These results indicated JSK could improve the motor function of rats with SCI by inhibiting the NgR/RhoA/ROCK signal pathway, which suggests the potential applicability of JSK as a nerve regeneration agent.
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Wu SY, Wen KY, Chou HC, Chiu SM, Hou YC, Chang YY. Early intervention combining Chinese and Western medicine in traumatic brain injury with diffuse axonal injury: A report of three cases. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:504-510. [PMID: 32953567 PMCID: PMC7484950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a specific type of TBI leading to prolonged consciousness impairment and disability. There is still no standard treatment for DAI, so we introduced traditional Chinese medicine into the treatment of these patients. Case summaries Three patients had TBI after traffic accidents. Their Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores in the intensive care unit (ICU) were E1VEM2-3, E1VEM2-3, and E1VEM2 respectively. All of them were diagnosed with DAI based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Because of continuing consciousness disturbances, their families agreed to combine traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine treatments through inpatient consultation in Taoyuan General hospital. Two patients took Buyang Huanwu Decoction, and one Tianma Gouteng Decoction twice a day. All of them received 20 min of acupuncture treatments 5 times per week. Acupuncture points included Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Shuigou (GV26), Hegu (LI4), and Taichong (LR3). All of them started Traditional Chinese medicine treatment within 2 weeks after TBI. The GCS of all three patients recovered to E4M5V6. Conclusions The early addition of traditional Chinese medicine treatments to Western medical care can improve the prognosis of patients with diffuse axonal injury. Traumatic brain injury diagnosed with diffuse axonal injury, the lower GCS, the poorer outcome. This article points out that combining Chinese medicine and modern medicine can lead to better outcome(motor, speech function and GCS score). Chinese medicine has neuroprotective effect and it’s safe when combining with modern medicine in severe traumatic brain injury in this cases report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuenn-Yun Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Ying Wen
- Yu-Yang Chinese Medicine Clinics, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chin Chou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ming Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Hou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yi Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurosurgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, No. 1492, Zhongshan Rd., Taoyuan Dist., Taoyuan City, 330, Taiwan
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Lee YS, Woo SC, Kim SY, Park JY. Understanding the multi-herbal composition of Buyang Huanwu Decoction: A review for better clinical use. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112765. [PMID: 32171896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) is a multi-herbal composition commonly prescribed in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke. Although studies have been conducted at the cellular (in vitro), animal and human (in vivo) level, there was no detailed analysis on how the composition and proportion of BHD is modified according to target diseases. AIM OF STUDY The purpose of this study is to investigate the composition and proportion of each herb in BHD to summarize how the original BHD was modified according to the target disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic literature searches were performed in three databases, collecting sixty-eight studies for the final analysis. The studies were divided into three types: cell studies, animal experiments and clinical trial. In the analysis, the decoction formula including the composition and the weight proportion of the herbs in BHD used in the studies and the target diseases were examined. RESULTS The result showed that in cell studies, the targets were mostly cell differentiation, cell injury and immune activation. In animal studies, cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral ischemia were the most identified target diseases followed by nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. While the proportions of the herbs in BHD used in these studies were in general similar to the original formula, some studies reduced the amount of Astragali Radix to half of the original amount. Modified BHDs were used in four studies for cerebrovascular and peripheral nerve diseases. However, no significant correlation has been observed between the target diseases and the change of the proportion of the herbs in BHD. CONCLUSIONS The most commonly used formula was the original composition of BHD, and modified BHDs were reported to be used to treat cerebrovascular and nervous diseases. Further studies about the effects of BHD by composition and proportion of herbs are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seul Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea.
| | - Seong-Cheon Woo
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 34520, South Korea.
| | - Song-Yi Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 34520, South Korea.
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11
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Lu Y, Yang J, Wang X, Ma Z, Li S, Liu Z, Fan X. Research progress in use of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110136. [PMID: 32335299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious central nervous system disorder caused by trauma that has gradually become a major challenge in clinical medical research. As an important branch of worldwide medical research, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is rapidly moving towards a path of reform and innovation. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews research related to existing TCM treatments for SCI, with the aims of identifying deficits and shortcomings within the field, and proposing feasible alternative prospects. METHODS All data and conclusions in this paper were obtained from articles published by peers in relevant fields. PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were searched for relevant articles. Results regarding TCM for SCI were identified and retrieved, then manually classified and selected for inclusion in this review. RESULTS The literature search identified a total of 652 articles regarding TCM for SCI. Twenty-eight treatments (16 active ingredients, nine herbs, and three compound prescriptions) were selected from these articles; the treatments have been used for the prevention and treatment of SCI. In general, these treatments involved antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and/or antiapoptotic effects of TCM compounds. CONCLUSIONS This paper showed that TCM treatments can serve as promising auxiliary therapies for functional recovery of patients with SCI. These findings will contribute to the development of diversified treatments for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xuexi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Sheng Li
- Lanzhou First People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, China
| | - Xuegong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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12
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Chen KY, Wu KC, Hueng DY, Huang KF, Pang CY. Anti-inflammatory effects of powdered product of Bu Yang Huan Wu decoction: Possible role in protecting against Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1854-1863. [PMID: 32714088 PMCID: PMC7378667 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bu Yang Huan Wu decoction (BYHW) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that consists of several herbs and has been used in patients with ischemic stroke for centuries. Although powdered formula of BYHW has widely been prescribed in clinic nowadays, evidence-based effectiveness and mechanism of action of BYHW powdered product in stroke remain to be characterized. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h (ischemia/reperfusion; I/R) or sham surgery. After I/R, the rats were then given low dose (0.5 g/kg) and high dose (2.5 g/kg) of BYHW or vehicle by oral gavage twice a day for seven consecutive days. The results showed that I/R induced obvious cerebral infarction and neurobehavioral defects, in parallel with histological aberrations and extensive signaling of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in the stroke model. Post-I/R treatment with BYHW powdered product significantly reduced the infarct area and ameliorated neurofunctional defects in a dose-dependent manner. The dose dependence was associated with TNF-α downregulation and interleukin-10 (IL-10) induction. In summary, the present findings demonstrated that BYHW powdered product exhibited therapeutic efficacy for experimental stroke and a higher dose treatment may strengthen the effectiveness via inflammatory modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Surgery, New Taipei City Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien city, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Huang
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Medical Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien city, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien city, Taiwan
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13
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Li MZ, Zhan Y, Yang L, Feng XF, Zou HY, Lei JF, Zhao T, Wang L, Zhao H. MRI Evaluation of Axonal Remodeling After Combination Treatment With Xiaoshuan Enteric-Coated Capsule and Enriched Environment in Rats After Ischemic Stroke. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1528. [PMID: 31920724 PMCID: PMC6930913 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSEC) is a compound Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Enriched environment (EE) is a rehabilitative intervention designed to facilitate physical, cognitive, and social activity after brain injury. This study aimed to assess whether the XSEC and EE combination could provide synergistic efficacy in axonal remodeling compared to that with a single treatment after ischemic stroke using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by histological analysis. Rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated with XSEC and EE alone or in combination for 30 days. T2-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed to examine the infarct volume and axonal remodeling, respectively. The co-localization of Ki67 with NG2 or CNPase was examined by immunofluorescence staining to assess oligodendrogenesis. The expressions of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and growth inhibitors NogoA/Nogo receptor (NgR)/RhoA/Rho-associated kinase2 (ROCK2) were measured using western blot and qRT-PCR. The Morris water maze (MWM) was performed to evaluate the cognitive function. MRI and histological measurements indicated XSEC and EE individually benefited axonal reorganization after stroke. Notably, XSEC + EE decreased infarct volume compared with XSEC or EE monotherapy and increased ipsilateral residual volume compared with vehicle group. DTI showed XSEC + EE robustly increased fractional anisotropy while decreased axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity in the injured cortex, striatum, and external capsule. Meanwhile, diffusion tensor tractography revealed XSEC + EE elevated fiber density in the cortex and external capsule and increased fiber length in the striatum and external capsule compared with the monotherapies. These MRI measurements, confirmed by histology, showed that XSEC + EE promoted axonal restoration. Additionally, XSEC + EE amplified oligodendrogenesis, decreased the expressions of NogoA/NgR/RhoA/ROCK2, and increased the expression of GAP-43 in the peri-infarct tissues. In parallel to these findings, rats treated with XSEC + EE exhibited higher cognitive recovery than those treated with XSEC or EE monotherapy, as evidenced by MWM test. Taken together, our data implicated that XSEC + EE exerted synergistic effects on alleviating atrophy and encouraging axonal reorganization partially by promoting oligodendrogenesis and overcoming intrinsic growth-inhibitory signaling, thereby facilitating higher cognitive recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Zhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lei
- Medical Imaging Laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
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14
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Xiaohong W, Jun Z, Hongmei G, Fan Q. CFLAR is a critical regulator of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury through regulating inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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15
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Kim R, Kim P, Lee CY, Lee S, Yun H, Lee MY, Kim J, Baek K, Chang W. Multiple Combination of Angelica gigas Extract and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Therapeutic Effect. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 41:1748-1756. [PMID: 30504677 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alternative medicines attract attention because stroke is rarely expected to make a full recovery with the most advanced medical technology. Angelica gigas (AG) is a well-known herbal medicine as a neuroprotective agent. The present study introduced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to identify for the advanced treatment of the cerebrovascular disease. The objective of this research is validation of the enhanced effects of multiple combined treatment of AG extract with MSCs on stroke through angiogenesis. Our results confirmed that AG extract with MSCs improved the neovascularization increasing expression of angiogenesis-regulated molecules. The changes of brain and the behavioral ability showed the increased effects of AG extract with MSCs. As a result, AG extract and MSCs may synergistically increase the therapeutic potential by enhancing neovascularization. This mixed approach provides a new experimental protocol of herbal medicine therapy for the treatment of a variety of diseases including stroke, trauma, and spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University
| | - Pilseog Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University
| | - Chang Youn Lee
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University
| | - Seokyeon Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University
| | | | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Kyungmin Baek
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disease, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Hanny University
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University
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16
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Sun H, Wu C. Acupuncture combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction in treatment of patients with ischemic stroke. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1312-1318. [PMID: 30704331 PMCID: PMC6421375 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518822923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate the effect of acupuncture combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction in patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS In total, 115 patients with ischemic stroke were recruited and divided into 3 groups. The control group received normal treatment, the acupuncture group received additional acupuncture treatment, and the combined group received additional acupuncture combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction treatment. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Chinese Stroke Scale (CSS) were used to evaluate the stroke condition, and the Barthel index (BI) was used to measure life quality. Blood lipids and recurrence were also analyzed. RESULTS The CSS and NIHSS scores were significantly lower in the acupuncture group and combined group than in the control group; however, the BI score was significantly higher in the acupuncture group and combined group. Similarly, the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein were all significantly increased, while the level of high-density lipoprotein showed no significant difference in all groups. The recurrence rate was significantly lower in the combined group than in the other two groups. CONCLUSION Acupuncture combined with Buyang Huanwu decoction could improve the clinical outcomes and reduce the recurrence rates in patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- TCM Physiotherapy, First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou,
Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Chen ZZ, Gong X, Guo Q, Zhao H, Wang L. Bu Yang Huan Wu decoction prevents reperfusion injury following ischemic stroke in rats via inhibition of HIF-1 α, VEGF and promotion β-ENaC expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 228:70-81. [PMID: 30218809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction (BYHW) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula used in China for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke. But the protective effects and underlining mechanisms of BYHW remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the protective effects and underlining signaling mechanisms of BYHW on brain tissues in a rat model of cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liquid chromatography was used to verify the composition of BYHW. The cerebral edema and infarct volume were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The morphology and ultrastructure of ischemic penumbra brain tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression levels of HIF-1 α, VEGF and β-ENaC were tested using immunohistochemistry technique, western blot and quantitative PCR analysis, respectively. RESULTS Administration of BYHW significantly decreased cerebral edema, rat neurological function scores, reduced brain infarct volume. At the same time, BYHW had protective effect on the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which improved the morphology and ultrastructure of ischemic penumbra brain tissues. BYHW treatment significantly decreased the protein and mRNA levels of HIF-1 α and VEGF compared with the model treatment. In addition, BYHW treatment significantly up-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of β-ENaC. CONCLUSIONS BYHW protected against cerebral I/R injury in MCAO rats through inhibiting the activation of the HIF-1 α /VEGF pathway and stabilizing ion channel of β-ENaC in brain, indicating that BYHW shows potential for stroke treatment in acute stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Gong
- Department of Gynecology, Dong Fang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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18
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Gong AGW, Duan R, Wang HY, Kong XP, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK, Chan K. Evaluation of the Pharmaceutical Properties and Value of Astragali Radix. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E46. [PMID: 29883402 PMCID: PMC6023478 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR), a Chinese materia medica (CMM) known as Huangqi, is an important medicine prescribed in herbal composite formulae (Fufang) by Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners for thousands of years. According to the literature, AR is suggested for patients suffering from “Qi”- and “Blood”-deficiencies, and its clinical effects are reported to be related to anti-cancer cell proliferation, anti-oxidation, relief of complications in cardiovascular diseases, etc. The underlying cell signaling pathways involved in the regulation of these various diseases are presented here to support the mechanisms of action of AR. There are two botanical sources recorded in China Pharmacopoeia (CP, 2015): Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. Var. mongohlicus, (Bge.) Hsiao, and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (Fam. Leguminosae), whose extracts of dried roots are processed via homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction. Geographic factors and extraction methods have impacts on the pharmaceutical and chemical profiles of AR. Therefore, the levels of the major bioactive constituents of AR, including polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids, may not be consistent in different batches of extract, and the pharmaceutical efficacy of these bioactive ingredients may vary depending on the source. Therefore, the present review mainly focuses on the consistency of the available sources of AR and extracts and on the investigation of the biological functions and mechanisms of action of AR and of its major bioactive constituents. Furthermore, it will also include a discussion of the most popular AR composite formulae to further elucidate their chemical and biological profiles and understand the pharmaceutical value of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy G W Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Ran Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Huai Y Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Xiang P Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3 AF, UK.
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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19
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Neuroprotective effects of Tongxinluo on focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats associated with the activation of the MEK1/2/ERK1/2/p90RSK signaling pathway. Brain Res 2018; 1685:9-18. [PMID: 29425910 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke brings a huge family and social burden. Although the reperfusion of ischemic cerebral tissue is the most important way to rescue ischemic stroke, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury further results in brain damage and even lead to death. Recent studies demonstrated that Tongxinluo (TXL) helps to protect the brain against focal cerebral I/R injury in rats by reducing neuronal apoptosis, and the MEK1/2/ERK1/2/90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) pathway may be involved in this protective effect. Therefore, our present research was designed to identify the potential mechanisms involved. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 108) were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), I/R plus TXL (TXL), and TXL plus U0126, a highly selective inhibitor of MEK 1 and MEK 2 (TXL + U0126). Brain edema was measured by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pathological destruction of the blood brain barrier (BBB) ultrastructure was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, and proteins involved in the MEK1/2/ERK1/2/p90RSK pathway were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Our results indicated that TXL significantly improved neurological function, reduced brain edema, ameliorated the destruction of the BBB ultrastructure and markedly reduced neuronal injury. However, these benefits were diminished when the MEK1/2/ERK1/2/p90RSK pathway was inhibited by U0126. We also found that TXL upregulated the expression levels of p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-p90RSK and p-bad, which were all significantly reversed by U0126. Collectively, our data demonstrate that TXL provides neuroprotection against cerebral I/R injury and neuronal injury, and that these effects are mediated, in part, by activation of the MEK1/2/ERK1/2/p90RSK pathway.
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Hashiguchi A, Tian J, Komatsu S. Proteomic Contributions to Medicinal Plant Research: From Plant Metabolism to Pharmacological Action. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5040035. [PMID: 29215602 PMCID: PMC5748570 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine is a clinical practice of utilizing medicinal plant derivatives for therapeutic purposes. It has an enduring history worldwide and plays a significant role in the fight against various diseases. Herbal drug combinations often exhibit synergistic therapeutic action compared with single-constituent dosage, and can also enhance the cytotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. To explore the mechanism underlying the pharmacological action of herbs, proteomic approaches have been applied to the physiology of medicinal plants and its effects on animals. This review article focuses on the existing proteomics-based medicinal plant research and discusses the following topics: (i) plant metabolic pathways that synthesize an array of bioactive compounds; (ii) pharmacological action of plants tested using in vivo and in vitro studies; and (iii) the application of proteomic approaches to indigenous plants with scarce sequence information. The accumulation of proteomic information in a biological or medicinal context may help in formulating the effective use of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hashiguchi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
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Jiun-Yi L, Ting-Chen C, Nen-Chung C, Jayakumar T, Chao-Chien C. Anti-embolic effect of Taorenchengqi Tang in rats with embolic stroke induced by occluding middle cerebral artery. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yu P, Guan L, Zhou L, Guo J, Guo R, Lin R, Ding W, Li X, Liu W. Upregulation of glutamate metabolism by BYHWD in cultured astrocytes following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in part depends on the activation of p38 MAPK. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3089-3096. [PMID: 28587384 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) decreased glutamate levels subsequent to cerebral ischemia. Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase (GS), which are located in astrocytes, mainly contribute to glutamate transportation, thus reducing glutamate concentration. BYHWD has previously been demonstrated to upregulate GLT-1 and GS following ischemia in vivo. However, whether BYHWD can directly influence astrocytic GLT-1/GS levels remains unknown. In the present study, the effect of BYHWD containing serum (BYHWD-CS) on GLT-1/GS levels in astrocytes following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was investigated. The results revealed that BYHWD-CS enhanced the expression levels of GLT-1 and GS in cultured astrocytes, which reduced glutamate concentration in the culture medium. Meanwhile, increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was phosphorylated (activation form) by BYHWD-CS in cultured astrocytes, and the specific p38 inhibitor SB203580 blocked the increase of GLT-1/GS accompanied by decreased cell viability. Furthermore, SB203580 suppressed the effect of BYHWD-CS on the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (an astrocytic marker), thus confirming that astrocytes are directly involved in the protective role of BYHWD after OGD/R. These findings suggest that BYHWD upregulates GLT-1 and GS via p38 MAPK activation, and protects cultured astrocytes from death caused by OGD/R (typical in vitro model), which complemented the role of astrocytes in the protective effect of BYHWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Li Guan
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lequan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jianchao Guo
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ruixian Guo
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ruishan Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Ding
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Pan R, Cai J, Zhan L, Guo Y, Huang RY, Li X, Zhou M, Xu D, Zhan J, Chen H. Buyang Huanwu decoction facilitates neurorehabilitation through an improvement of synaptic plasticity in cerebral ischemic rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:173. [PMID: 28351388 PMCID: PMC5371213 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of neural function is a critical but unsolved issue after cerebral ischemia insult. Neuronal plasticity and remodeling are crucial for recovery of neural functions after brain injury. Buyang Huanwu decoction, which is a classic formula in traditional Chinese medicine, can positively alter synaptic plasticity. This study assessed the effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction in combination with physical exercise on neuronal plasticity in cerebral ischemic rats. METHODS Cerebral ischemic rats were administered Buyang Huanwu decoction and participated in physical exercise after the induction of a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. The neurobehavioral functions and infarct volumes were evaluated. The presynaptic (SYN), postsynaptic (GAP-43) and cytoskeletal (MAP-2) proteins in the coronal brain samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. The ultrastructure of the neuronal synaptic junctions in the same region were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Combination treatment of Buyang Huanwu decoction and physical exercise ameliorated the neurobehavioral deficits (p < 0.05), significantly enhanced the expression levels of SYN, GAP-43 and MAP-2 (p < 0.05), and maintained the synaptic ultrastructure. CONCLUSIONS Buyang Huanwu decoction facilitated neurorehabilitation following a cerebral ischemia insult through an improvement in synaptic plasticity. Graphical abstract The Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) combined with physical exercise (PE) attenuates synaptic disruption and promotes synaptic plasticity following cerebral ischemia (stroke).
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Han JY, Li Q, Ma ZZ, Fan JY. Effects and mechanisms of compound Chinese medicine and major ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:146-173. [PMID: 28322971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculation dysfunction and organ injury after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) result from a complex pathologic process consisting of multiple links, with metabolism impairment in the ischemia phase and oxidative stress in the reperfusion phase as initiators, and any treatment targeting a single link is insufficient to cope with this. Compound Chinese medicine (CCM) has been applied in clinics in China and some Asian nations for >2000years. Studies over the past decades revealed the protective and therapeutic effect of CCMs and major ingredients on I/R-induced microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue injury in the heart, brain, liver, intestine, and so on. CCM contains diverse bioactive components with potential for energy metabolism regulation; antioxidant effect; inhibiting inflammatory cytokines release; adhesion molecule expression in leukocyte, platelet, and vascular endothelial cells; and the protection of thrombosis, albumin leakage, and mast cell degranulation. This review covers the major works with respect to the effects and underlying mechanisms of CCM and its ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury after I/R, providing novel ideas for dealing with this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Ma
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
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Buyang Huanwu Decoction Ameliorates Poststroke Depression via Promoting Neurotrophic Pathway Mediated Neuroprotection and Neurogenesis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4072658. [PMID: 28373887 PMCID: PMC5360955 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4072658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The aim of the present research is to investigate the therapeutic effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) in poststroke depression (PSD) animal model and illustrate its underlying mechanism via promoting neurotrophic pathway mediated neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Methods. To induce PSD rat model, isolation housed rats that received middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery successively suffered from chronic mild stress (CMS) treatment for consecutive twenty-one days. Meanwhile, rats were correspondingly given vehicle, BHD, and fluoxetine. Then, neurologic function was scored and depressive-like behaviors were assessed by sucrose preference test, locomotor activity, novelty-suppressed feeding test, and forced swim test. Thereafter, the neuroprotection and neurogenesis related molecular markers and signaling were detected. Results. We firstly observed a significant neurological function recovery and antidepressants effect of BHD after MCAO together with CMS treatment. Our study also found that treatment with BHD and fluoxetine can significantly rescue neurons from apoptosis and promote neurogenesis in the CA3 and DG regions in the hippocampus. Notably, BHD and fluoxetine treatment can activate BDNF/ERK/CREB signaling. Conclusion. The results suggest that BHD is a promising candidate for treating PSD. Its curative effects can be attributed to neurotrophic pathway mediated neuroprotection and neurogenesis.
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Mei ZG, Tan LJ, Wang JF, Li XL, Huang WF, Zhou HJ. Fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuates ischemic stroke by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:425-432. [PMID: 28469657 PMCID: PMC5399720 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.202946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling is composed of radix puerariae (Gegen), salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), radix curcuma (Jianghuang), hawthorn (Shanzha), salvia chinensis (Shijianchuan), sinapis alba (Baijiezi), astragalus (Huangqi), panax japonicas (Zhujieshen), atractylodes macrocephala koidz (Baizhu), radix paeoniae alba (Baishao), bupleurum (Chaihu), chrysanthemum (Juhua), rhizoma cyperi (Xiangfu) and gastrodin (Tianma), whose aqueous extract was fermented with lactobacillus, bacillus aceticus and saccharomycetes. Shuan-Tong-Ling is a formula used to treat brain diseases including ischemic stroke, migraine, and vascular dementia. Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative stress in rat microvascular endothelial cells. However, the potential mechanism involved in these effects is poorly understood. Rats were intragastrically treated with 5.7 or 17.2 mL/kg Shuan-Tong-Ling for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced. The results indicated Shuan-Tong-Ling had a cerebral protective effect by reducing infarct volume and increasing neurological scores. Shuan-Tong-Ling also decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels in the hippocampus on the ischemic side. In addition, Shuan-Tong-Ling upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of acetylated-protein 53 and Bax. Injection of 5 mg/kg silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor EX527 into the subarachnoid space once every 2 days, four times, reversed the above changes. These results demonstrate that Shuan-Tong-Ling might benefit cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis through activation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Mei
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Translational Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ling-Jing Tan
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Translational Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hua-Jun Zhou
- Institute of Neurology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
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Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
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Fermented Chinese Formula Shuan-Tong-Ling Protects Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Stress Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5154290. [PMID: 28096886 PMCID: PMC5209619 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5154290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling (STL), composed of fourteen medicinal herbs, was an experiential formula by Dr. Zhigang Mei for treating vascular encephalopathy, but the underlying mechanisms remained unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of fermented STL on hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced injury in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and the possible mechanisms. Cultured BMECs were treated with H2O2, STL, or nicotinamide (NAM, a SIRT1 inhibitor). Then, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed to detect cell proliferation and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) was used to examine cell senescence. Cell nuclei were observed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Additionally, changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Expression of SIRT1, p21, and PGC-1α was determined by western blot. Cell proliferation significantly increased with STL treatment in a dose-dependent manner. H2O2 treatment could intensify cell senescence and nuclei splitting or pyknosis. With STL treatment, the reduced ROS level was accompanied by increased SOD and GSH activity. Further assays showed upregulation of SIRT1 and PGC-1α and downregulation of p21 after STL treatment. The results revealed that STL could protect BMECs against oxidative stress injury at least partially through the SIRT1 pathway.
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Ip FCF, Zhao YM, Chan KW, Cheng EYL, Tong EPS, Chandrashekar O, Fu GM, Zhao ZZ, Ip NYY. Neuroprotective effect of a novel Chinese herbal decoction on cultured neurons and cerebral ischemic rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:437. [PMID: 27814708 PMCID: PMC5097373 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Historically, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used to treat stroke. Based on the theory of Chinese medicine and the modern pharmacological knowledge of herbal medicines, we have designed a neuroprotective formula called Post-Stroke Rehabilitation (PSR), comprising seven herbs – Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Cassia obtusifolia L., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. We aim to examine the neuroprotective activity of PSR in vitro and in vivo, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, to better understand its therapeutic effect and to further optimize its efficacy. Methods PSR extract or vehicle was applied to primary rat neurons to examine their survival effects against N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-elicited excitotoxicity. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was conducted to examine the NMDA-induced current in the presence of PSR. ERK- and CREB-activation were revealed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, PSR was tested for CRE promoter activation in neurons transfected with a luciferase reporter. The protective effect of PSR was then studied in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. MCAO rats were either treated with PSR extract or vehicle, and their neurobehavioral deficit and cerebral infarct were evaluated. Statistical differences were analyzed by ANOVA or t-test. Results PSR prominently reduced the death of cultured neurons caused by NMDA excitotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, indicating its neuroprotective property. Furthermore, PSR significantly reduced NMDA-evoked current reversibly and activated phosphorylation of ERK and CREB with distinct time courses, with the latter’s kinetics slower. PSR also triggered CRE-promoter activity as revealed by the increased expression of luciferase reporter in transfected neurons. PSR effectively reduced cerebral infarct and deficit in neurological behavior in MCAO rats when PSR decoction was administered starting either 6 days before or 6 h after onset of ischemia. Conclusions PSR is neuroprotective both in vitro and in vivo – it protects cultured neurons against NMDA excitotoxicity, and effectively reduces ischemic injury and neurobehavioral deficit in MCAO rats in both the pre- and post-treatment regimens. The underlying neuroprotective mechanisms may involve inhibition of NMDA receptor current and activation of ERK and CREB. This study provides important preclinical data necessary for the further development of PSR for stroke treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1417-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhang J, Zou H, Zhang Q, Wang L, Lei J, Wang Y, Ouyang J, Zhang Y, Zhao H. Effects of Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule on neurovascular functions assessed by quantitative multiparametric MRI in a rat model of permanent cerebral ischemia. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:198. [PMID: 27391841 PMCID: PMC4938911 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula for treating stroke-induced disability. Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSECC), derived from the formula BYHWD, is a drug approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for stroke management. To further investigate the potential protective effects of XSECC on neurovascular functions, we endeavour to monitor the neurovascular functions using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluated histopathological changes of neurovascular unit (NVU) after stroke. Methods Ischemic stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). XSECC (420 mg/kg) was orally administered 2 h after stroke and daily thereafter. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), T2 relaxometry mapping and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to measure cerebral infarct volume, edema and white matter fiber integrity, respectively. Neurochemical metabolite levels were monitored by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Arterial spin labeling (ASL) – cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements and structural magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images provided real-time and dynamic information about vascular hemodynamic dysfunction on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after pMCAO. At the last imaging time point, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to test the microscopic and ultrastructural changes of NVU. Results T2WI, T2 relaxometry mapping and Fractional anisotropy (FA) in DTI showed that XSECC significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, relieved edema and alleviated nerve fiber injuries, respectively. 1H-MRS provided information about improvement of neuronal/glial metabolism after XSECC treatment. Moreover, ASL – CBF measurements combined with MRA showed that XSECC significantly increased CBF and vascular signal strength and alleviated ischemia-induced morphological changes of arteries in ischemic hemisphere within 14 days after stroke. In addition, neuron specific nuclear protein (NeuN), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), CD34 staining and TEM detection indicated that XSECC not only ameliorated neuronal injury, but also reduced endothelial damage and inhibited astrocyte proliferation. Conclusions Our results suggested that XSECC has multi-target neurovascular protective effects on ischemic stroke, which may be closely correlated with the improvement of cerebral blood supply and neuronal/glial metabolism.
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Shen J, Zhu Y, Huang K, Jiang H, Shi C, Xiong X, Zhan R, Pan J. Buyang Huanwu Decoction attenuates H2O2-induced apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:154. [PMID: 27245599 PMCID: PMC4886416 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Apoptosis of endothelial cells caused by reactive oxygen species plays an important role in ischemia/reperfusion injury after cerebral infarction. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) has been used to treat stroke and stroke-induced disability, however, the mechanism for this treatment remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether BYHWD can protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from H2O2-induced apoptosis and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods To investigate the effect of BYHWD on the apoptosis of HUVECs, we established a H2O2-induced oxidative stress model and detected apoptosis by Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining. JC-1 and DCFH-DA assays,western blotting and electron microscopy were used to examine the mechanism of BYHWD on apoptosis. Results Pretreatment with BYHWD significantly inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis and protein caspase-3 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, BYHWD reduced reactive oxygen species production and promoted endogenous antioxidant defenses. Furthermore, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and structural disruption of mitochondria were both rescued by BYHWD. Conclusions BYHWD protects HUVECs from H2O2-induced apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings indicate that BYHWD is a promising treatment for cerebral ischemia diseases.
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Li H, Sun JJ, Chen GY, Wang WW, Xie ZT, Tang GF, Wei SD. Carnosic acid nanoparticles suppress liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibition of ROS, Caspases and NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:237-46. [PMID: 27470360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) requires ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which can lead to early graft injury. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of I/R injury remains unclear. Carnosic acid, as a phenolic diterpene with function of anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, as well as neuroprotective properties, is produced by many species from Lamiaceae family. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been known to better the bioavailability of drugs on intranasal administration compared with only drug solutions. Administration of carnosic acid nanoparticles was thought to be sufficient to lead to considerable inhibition of liver injury progression induced by ischemia/reperfusion. In our study, liver ischemia/reperfusion injury was established successfully with C57BL/6 animal model. 10 and 20mg/kg carnosic acid nanoparticles were injected to mice for five days prior to ischemia. After liver ischemia/reperfusion, the levels of serum AST, ALT and APL were increased, which was attenuated by pre-treatment with carnosic acid nanoparticles. In addition, carnosic acid nanoparticles inhibited ROS production via its related signals regulation. And carnosic acid nanoparticles also suppressed the ischemia/reperfusion-induced up-regulation in the pro-apoptotic protein and mRNA levels of Bax, Cyto-c, Apaf-1 and Caspase-9/3 while increased ischemia/reperfusion-induced decrease of anti-apoptotic factor of Bcl-2. Further, ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation was also inhibited for carnosic acid nanoparticles administration via inactivating NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines releasing. In conclusion, our study suggested that carnosic acid nanoparticles protected against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via its role of anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd., Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Sun
- Department of Liver-Gallbladder-Pancreas Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd., Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yong Chen
- Department of Liver-Gallbladder-Pancreas Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd., Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Liver-Gallbladder-Pancreas Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd., Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Tao Xie
- Department of Liver-Gallbladder-Pancreas Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd., Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Feng Tang
- Department of Liver-Gallbladder-Pancreas Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd., Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Dong Wei
- Department of Liver-Gallbladder-Pancreas Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Rd., Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Min L, Ling W, Hua R, Qi H, Chen S, Wang H, Tang L, Shangguan W. Anti‑angiogenic therapy for normalization of tumor vasculature: A potential effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction on nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts with high metastatic potential. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2518-26. [PMID: 26846752 PMCID: PMC4768951 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) on tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HCCLM3 xenografts. A total of 96 nude mice bearing HCCLM3 xenografts were randomly divided into four groups: BYHWD group (LB), Yi-qi decoction group (LY), Huo-xue decoction group (LH) and model group (LM). Each of these groups was divided into three subgroups (n=8), which were observed on days 21, 25, 38 following treatment, respectively. The tumor weights, volumes and pulmonary metastases were recorded. The expression of CD105 and the microvessel density (MVD) were assessed, and the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and regulator of G protein signaling 5 (RGS-5) were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. Compared with the LM group, no significant decrease in tumor weight or volume were observed in the herbal medicine treatment groups, the number of the metastases in the lungs decreased, whereas the expression levels of RGS-5 and HIF-1α decreased in the LB group on day 35. However, the expression levels of VEGF increased in the LB group on days 28 and 35 post-treatment. The results of the present study suggested that BYHWD may inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis by affecting the expression levels of VEGF, RGS-5 and HIF-1α, and suggested that BYHWD may contribute to the tumor microenvironment and vasculature normalization in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Min
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ling
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Shenxu Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Haiqiao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lumen Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Wenji Shangguan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Xian-Hui D, Xiao-Ping H, Wei-Juan G. Neuroprotective effects of the Buyang Huanwu decoction on functional recovery in rats following spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2016; 39:85-92. [PMID: 25329497 PMCID: PMC4725796 DOI: 10.1179/2045772314y.0000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) is a traditional Chinese herbal prescription and has been used in China to treat spinal cord injury (SCI) for hundreds of years. Clinical trials have shown that BYHWD improves the outcome of SCI in clinical trials, but the mechanisms are not known. This study observed the neuroprotective effects of BYHWD on spinal nerve cells after SCI and investigated possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty female Wistar rats were randomized equally to four groups treated by sham injury, SCI, BYHWD, or methylprednisolone (MP). The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to evaluate hind-limb locomotor function. Neuron apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS In the sham group, walking was mildly abnormal after anesthesia but recovered completely in 2 days. The BBB score in the SCI model group was significantly different from that in the sham group. The BBB scores of rats in both the BYHWD and MP groups were significantly higher than scores of rats in the SCI group. BYHWD had an antiapoptosis effect, as shown by significant decreases in expression of caspase-3 and Bax and increase in Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION BYHWD treatment restored hind-limb motor function of rats with SCI. The neuroprotective effect of BYHWD was associated with modulation of the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xian-Hui
- Department of Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, People's Republic of China
| | - He Xiao-Ping
- The 266th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Chengde, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Wei-Juan
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China,Correspondence to: Gao Wei-Juan, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050000, People's Republic of China.
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Luoyutong Treatment Promotes Functional Recovery and Neuronal Plasticity after Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:369021. [PMID: 26697095 PMCID: PMC4678236 DOI: 10.1155/2015/369021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Luoyutong (LYT) capsule has been used to treat cerebrovascular diseases clinically in China and is now patented and approved by the State Food and Drug Administration. In this retrospective validation study we investigated the ability of LYT to protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Capsule containing LYT (high dose and medium dose) as treatment group and Citicoline Sodium as positive control treatment group were administered daily to rats 30 min after reperfusion. Treatment was continued for either 3 days or 14 days. A saline solution was administered to control animals. Behavior tests were performed after 3 and 14 days of treatment. Our findings revealed that LYT treatment improved the neurological outcome, decreased cerebral infarction volume, and reduced apoptosis. Additionally, LYT improved neural plasticity, as the expression of synaptophysin, microtubule associated protein, and myelin basic protein was upregulated by LYT treatment, while neurofilament 200 expression was reduced. Moreover, levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor were increased. Our results suggest that LYT treatment may protect against ischemic injury and improve neural plasticity.
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Effect of Electroacupuncture on Cell Apoptosis and ERK Signal Pathway in the Hippocampus of Adult Rats with Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:414965. [PMID: 26633985 PMCID: PMC4655048 DOI: 10.1155/2015/414965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background. EA therapy is a traditional therapeutic approach for alleviation of cerebral I/R-induced brain injury. We investigated the effect of EA on MCAO rat model to examine the mechanism of apoptosis in the rat hippocampus. Methods. 200 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, EA, ERK inhibitor (PD), and ERK inhibitor+EA (PD+EA) groups. Each group was subdivided into 5 groups according to different time points. Locomotor behaviors were evaluated using neurological scales and morphological examination was performed using HE staining. Apoptosis index of neural cells in local infarcted area was measured by TUNEL and p-ERK expression was detected using immunohistochemistry technique and western blot analysis. Results. Neurological deficit scores and neural apoptosis in the EA group were lower than I/R group at the same time points, respectively. At different time points, p-ERK level was increased in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 in the EA group as compared to I/R group; the increased level was increased most at 1 day, 3 days, and 1 week (p < 0.01). Conclusion. EA alleviates neurological deficit, reduces apoptosis index, and simultaneously upregulates the expression of p-ERK signal pathway in rats subjected to I/R injury.
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Jiang L, Li Y, Qiao L, Chen X, He Y, Zhang Y, Li G. Discovery of potential negative allosteric modulators of mGluR5 from natural products using pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
mGluR5, which belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, is believed to be associated with many human diseases, such as a wide range of neurological disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and cancer. Comparing with compounds that target on the orthosteric binding site, significant roles have been established for mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) due to their higher subtype selectivity and more suitable pharmacokinetic profiles. Nevertheless, to date, none of them have come to market for various reasons. In this study, a 3D quantitative pharmacophore model was generated by using the HypoGen module in Discovery Studio 4.0. With several validation methods ultilized, the optimal pharmacophore model Hypo2 was selected to discover potential mGluR5 NAMs from natural products. Two hundred and seventeen potential NAMs were obtained after being filtered by Lipinski’s rule (≥4). Then, molecular docking was used to refine the pharmacophore-based screening results and analyze the binding mode of NAMs and mGluR5. Three compounds, aglaiduline, 5-O-ethyl-hirsutanonol, and yakuchinone A, with good ADMET properties, acceptable Fit value and estimated value, and high docking score, were reserved for a molecular dynamics simulation study. All of them have stability of ligand binding. From our computational results, there might exhibit drug-like negative allosteric moderating effects on mGluR5 in these natural products. This work provides a reliable method for discovering mGluR5 NAMs from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Jiang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yusu He
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Gongyu Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
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Jiang L, Chen J, He Y, Zhang Y, Li G. A method to predict different mechanisms for blood-brain barrier permeability of CNS activity compounds in Chinese herbs using support vector machine. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2015; 14:1650005. [PMID: 26632324 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720016500050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly selective barrier between central nervous system (CNS) and the blood stream, restricts and regulates the penetration of compounds from the blood into the brain. Drugs that affect the CNS interact with the BBB prior to their target site, so the prediction research on BBB permeability is a fundamental and significant research direction in neuropharmacology. In this study, we combed through the available data and then with the help of support vector machine (SVM), we established an experiment process for discovering potential CNS compounds and investigating the mechanisms of BBB permeability of them to advance the research in this field four types of prediction models, referring to CNS activity, BBB permeability, passive diffusion and efflux transport, were obtained in the experiment process. The first two models were used to discover compounds which may have CNS activity and also cross the BBB at the same time; the latter two were used to elucidate the mechanism of BBB permeability of those compounds. Three optimization parameter methods, Grid Search, Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), were used to optimize the SVM models. Then, four optimal models were selected with excellent evaluation indexes (the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of each model were all above 85%). Furthermore, discrimination models were utilized to study the BBB properties of the known CNS activity compounds in Chinese herbs and this may guide the CNS drug development. With the relatively systematic and quick approach, the application rationality of traditional Chinese medicines for treating nervous system disease in the clinical practice will be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Jiang
- 1 School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Chen
- 1 School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, P. R. China
| | - Yusu He
- 1 School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- 1 School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, P. R. China
| | - Gongyu Li
- 1 School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, P. R. China
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Hung IL, Hung YC, Wang LY, Hsu SF, Chen HJ, Tseng YJ, Kuo CE, Hu WL, Li TC. Chinese Herbal Products for Ischemic Stroke. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1365-79. [PMID: 26477801 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal products (CHPs) have been described in ancient medicine systems as treatments for various stroke-associated ailments. This study is aimed to investigate the prescription patterns and combinations of CHPs for ischemic stroke in Taiwan. Prescriptions of CHPs for ischemic stroke were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. Every prescription with a leading diagnosis of ischemic stroke made during 2000-2010 was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were applied to the pattern of co-prescriptions. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess demographic and risk factors that are correlated with CHP use. The dataset of inpatient claims data contained information on 15,896 subjects who experienced ischemic stroke from 2000 to 2010. There was an average of 5.82 CHPs in a single prescription for subjects with ischemic stroke. Bu-yang-huan-wu-tang (BYHWT) (40.32%) was by far the most frequently prescribed formula CHP for ischemic stroke, and the most commonly used combination of two-formula-CHP was BYHWT with Shu-jin-huo-xue-tang (SJHXT) (4.40%). Dan Shen (16.50%) was the most commonly used single CHP for ischemic stroke, and the most commonly used combination of two single CHPs was Shi Chang Pua with Yuan Zhi (4.79%). We found that BYHWT and Dan Shen were the most frequently prescribed formula and single CHP for ischemic stroke, respectively. These results provide information about individualized therapy and may contribute to further pharmacologic experiments and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ling Hung
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiang Hung
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,‡ School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Yi Wang
- † Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Hsu
- § Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taiwan.,¶ Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ju Chen
- ∥ Management Office for Health Data, College of Public Health, China Medical University,Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Tseng
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-En Kuo
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Long Hu
- * Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,†† Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,‡‡ Fooyin University College of Nursing, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- ** Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,§§ Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Health Science, Asia University Taichung, Taiwan
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Mao J, Li Z, Lin R, Zhu X, Lin J, Peng J, Chen L. Preconditioning with Gua Lou Gui Zhi decoction enhances H 2O 2-induced Nrf2/HO-1 activation in PC12 cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:877-884. [PMID: 26622408 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spasticity is common in various central neurological conditions, including after a stroke. Such spasticity may cause additional problems, and often becomes a primary concern for afflicted individuals. A number of studies have identified nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) as a key regulator in the adaptive survival response to oxidative stress. Elevated expression of Nrf2, combined with heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) resistance, in the central nervous system is known to elicit key internal and external oxidation protection. Gua Lou Gui Zhi decoction (GLGZD) is a popular traditional Chinese formula with a long history of clinical use in China for the treatment of muscular spasticity following a stroke, epilepsy or a spinal cord injury. However, the mechanism underlying the efficacy of the medicine remains unclear. In the present study, the antioxidative effects of GLGZD were evaluated and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated, using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) as an in vitro oxidative stress model of neural cells. Upon application of different concentrations of GLGZD, a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and ATP measurement were conducted to assess the impact on PC12 cell proliferation. In addition, inverted microscopy observations, and the MTT and ATP assessments, revealed that GLGZD attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative damage and signaling repression in PC12 cells. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1, which are associated with oxidative stress, were analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopy observations, as well as the quantitative PCR assay, revealed that GLGZD exerted a neuroprotective function against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Therefore, the results demonstrated that GLGZD protected PC12 cells injured by H2O2, which may be associated with the upregulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression levels in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Mao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China ; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zuanfang Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Ruhui Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China ; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China ; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China ; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Ding W, Yu P, Liu W, Zhou L, Guan LI, Lin R. Buyang Huanwu decoction increases the expression of glutamate transporter-1 and glutamate synthetase in association with PACAP-38 following focal ischemia. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:651-656. [PMID: 26405540 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective role of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) in focal ischemia is associated with decreasing glutamate concentration. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study aimed to explore whether glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase (GS) participated in the decreased level of glutamate and whether pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) was involved in this process. BYHWD was found to significantly upregulate the expression of GLT-1 and GS in the hippocampal CA1 area compared to the ischemia group, with the difference on day 3 being most significant. BYHWD increased the level of PACAP-38, and PACAP-(6-38) (PACAP receptor antagonist) significantly attenuated the effect of BYHWD on GLT-1 and GS, suggesting that PACAP-38 was involved in the upregulation of GLT-1 and GS induced by BYHWD. In addition, as GLT-1 and GS are mainly located in astrocytes, the changes of astrocytes were detected by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; an astrocytic marker) immunostaining. The results showed that BYHWD inhibited the expression of GFAP compared with the ischemia group, however, co-administration with PACAP-(6-38), which inhibited the effect of BYHWD on GLT-1 and GS in astrocytes, attenuated this effect, indicating that astrocytes participated in the protective role of BYHWD following focal ischemia. These results provided the evidence for the first time that not only neurons but also astrocytes contribute to the protective role of BYHWD, which opposes previous studies and may be a starting point for traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ding
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lequan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - L I Guan
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ruishan Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Cui HJ, Yang AL, Zhou HJ, Wang C, Luo JK, Lin Y, Zong YX, Tang T. Buyang huanwu decoction promotes angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 activation through the PI3K/Akt pathway in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:91. [PMID: 25886469 PMCID: PMC4381446 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal subtype of stroke that lacks effective treatments. Angiogenesis following ICH is an important response mediating brain recovery and repair. Phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (pVEGFR2) via PI3K/Akt signaling plays a key role in mediating cellular processes involved in repair, such as mitogenesis, angiogenesis, and vascular permeability. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, on angiogenesis by VEGFR2 activation through the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in a mouse model of ICH. METHODS Adult male Kunming mice (n = 50) were randomly assigned into sham and ICH-operated groups and treated with one of the followings SU5416 (VEGFR2 inhibitor), BYHWT and BYHWT + SU5416. ICH was induced in mice by injecting collagenase (type VII) into the right globus pallidus of the mouse brain. BYHWD (4.36 g/kg) was administrated in mice by intragastric infusion. Neurological function was evaluated in mice by a modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) as well as corner turn and foot-fault tests. Angiogenesis was examined by intraperitoneal injection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in mice to quantify new brain vessel growth. SU5416 treatment and assessment of VEGFR2 phosphorylation as well as alterations in PI3K/Akt signaling were performed to determine whether the effect of BYHWD on angiogenesis was partly mediated by phosphorylation of VEGFR2 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. RESULTS We show that BYHWD treated mice exhibited (i) significantly better recovery from neurological dysfunction, (ii) increased BrdU(+) nuclei in vWF(+) dilated brain vessels and (iii) higher VEGFR2 phosphorylation immunoreactivity in brain microvessels (P <0.05), (iv) higher expression of PI3K and pAkt at the protein level (P <0.05) when compared to untreated ICH mice. These beneficial effects were reversed by SU5416 (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS BYHWD promoted neurological recovery and angiogenesis after ICH in mice by enhancing VEGFR2 phosphorylation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) Enhances Angiogenic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell by Upregulating VEGF Expression After Focal Cerebral Ischemia. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:898-906. [PMID: 25796380 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) has been used for centuries to treat paralysis and stroke. Previously, we have demonstrated that BYHWD combined with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation attenuates ischemic injury partly by upregulating angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms of this drug for stroke treatment are not completely understood. Here, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of BYHWD on angiogenesis mediated by MSCs. Firstly, we verified microvessels with a size of 50-100 nm produced by either MSCs or MSCs treated by 500 μg/ml BYHWD. These exosomes were purified and found to be able to activate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in endothelial cells (ECs). Moreover, exosomes from MSCs and MSCs treated by BYHWD induced elevated microRNA (miRNA)-126 expression and reduced miR-221 and miR-222 expression. In MSCs, disruption of dicer, an enzyme responsible for miRNA maturation, by dicer small interfering RNA (siRNA), or RNase pretreatment abolished this ability of the exosomes. Additionally, exosomes from MSCs treated by BYHWD promoted VEGF and Ki-67 expression and augmented vascular density in rat brain after bilateral carotid artery ligation. In conclusion, our study revealed that BYHWD exposure augmented angiogenetic miRNA and VEGF expression in exosomes secreted by MSCs and elevated angiogenesis in rat brain.
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Cao ZQ, Quan W, Hou SX, Guo C, Ma SB, Zhang W, Li X. The natural therapeutic magnesium lithospermate B potently provides neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:191-198. [PMID: 25560670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza, a perennial plant in the genus Salvia and popularly known as "Danshen", is highly valued for its roots in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). It has widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in China. Recently, the cerebral protection of magnesium lithospermate B (MLB), a working extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has received more attention. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of MLB on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to CI/R using a thread to occlude the right middle cerebral artery. After 2h of cerebral ischemia, the middle cerebral artery was reperfused for 24 h. Rats were injected with different doses of MLB (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg). Infarct zones, neurological deficit scores, brain water content, glutamate levels and protein expressions were evaluated after 24h of reperfusion. RESULTS We found that MLB treatment of rats exposed to focal CI/R decreased neurological deficit scores, brain water content, glutamate levels and cerebral infarct zones. We also demonstrated that MLB can inhibit CI/R injury-induced activation of caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis. This protection by MLB against CI/R injury was accompanied by an upregulation of p-Akt in the ischemic hemisphere. Furthermore, the MLB-induced protection was prevented by treatment with a PI3K inhibitor (LY-294002). CONCLUSIONS The data in the present study suggest a potential protective role of MLB against CI/R injury in rats. The salient finding of the present study is that this protective effect of MLB is likely mediated through an Akt-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-qiang Cao
- Department of Urinary Urology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Institute of Mental Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shuang-xing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shan-bo Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urinary Urology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110840, China.
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Sun K, Fan J, Han J. Ameliorating effects of traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Chinese materia medica and active compounds on ischemia/reperfusion-induced cerebral microcirculatory disturbances and neuron damage. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:8-24. [PMID: 26579420 PMCID: PMC4629119 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by thrombolytic therapy are conditions with high mortality and serious long-term physical and cognitive disabilities. They have a major impact on global public health. These disorders are associated with multiple insults to the cerebral microcirculation, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, leukocyte adhesion and infiltration, brain blood barrier (BBB) disruption, and capillary hypoperfusion, ultimately resulting in tissue edema, hemorrhage, brain injury and delayed neuron damage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in China, Korea, Japan and other Asian countries for treatment of a wide range of diseases. In China, the usage of compound TCM preparation to treat cerebrovascular diseases dates back to the Han Dynasty. Even thousands of years earlier, the medical formulary recorded many classical prescriptions for treating cerebral I/R-related diseases. This review summarizes current information and underlying mechanisms regarding the ameliorating effects of compound TCM preparation, Chinese materia medica, and active components on I/R-induced cerebral microcirculatory disturbances, brain injury and neuron damage.
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Key Words
- 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine
- AIF, apoptosis inducing factor
- AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- Antioxidant
- Asp, aspartate
- BBB, brain blood barrier
- BMEC, brain microvascular endothelial cell
- BNDF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- Brain blood barrier
- CAT, catalase
- CBF, cerebral blood flow
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- Cav-1, caveolin-1
- DHR, dihydrorhodamine 123
- DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid
- GRK2, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2
- GSH, glutathione
- GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase
- GSSH, glutathione disulfide
- Glu, glutamate
- Gly, glysine
- HE, hematoxylin and eosin
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- Hyperpermeability
- I-κBα, Inhibitory κBα
- I/R, ischemia-reperfusion
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- IL-8, interleukin-8
- Ischemia/reperfusion
- JAM-1, junctional adhesion molecule-1
- JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- Leukocyte adhesion
- MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase
- MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κ-B
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid
- NO, nitric oxide
- NSC, neural stem cells
- Neuron
- OGD, oxygen-glucose deprivation
- PARP, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase
- PMN, polymorphonuclear
- RANTES, regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SFDA, state food and drug administration
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1
- TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1
- TNF-α, tissue necrosis factor-α
- TTC, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride
- TUNEL, terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling
- Tuj-1, class III β-tublin
- VCAM-1, vascular adhesion molecule-1
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ZO-1, zonula occludens-1
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- rtPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
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Shen J, Zhu Y, Yu H, Fan ZX, Xiao F, Wu P, Zhang QH, Xiong XX, Pan JW, Zhan RY. Buyang Huanwu decoction increases angiopoietin-1 expression and promotes angiogenesis and functional outcome after focal cerebral ischemia. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 15:272-80. [PMID: 24599691 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD), a traditional Chinese herbal prescription, has been widely used clinically to treat stroke in China for hundreds of years; however, the mechanisms of this drug for stroke treatment are still unclear. This study aims to observe the cerebral angiogenesis effects of BYHWD on chronic brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in rats and to explore its possible mechanisms. The ischemia was induced by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 90 min. BYHWD (12.5 and 25.0 g/(kg ∙ d), equivalent to the dry weight of the raw materials) was orally administered twice a day beginning 2 h after surgery. BYHWD significantly attenuated the neurological dysfunction, infarct volume, and brain atrophy after ischemia. There was a significant increase in the microvessel density, as assessed by immunofluorescence CD31, and a significant increase in angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in the penumbra areas of the rats was shown by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. The results indicate that the neurorestorative effects of BYHWD are associated with angiogenesis and the enhancement of the expressions of Ang-1 on chronic brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Brain Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China; Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Mu Q, Liu P, Hu X, Gao H, Zheng X, Huang H. Neuroprotective effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction on cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1621-7. [PMID: 25368650 PMCID: PMC4211205 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.141791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the various treatment methods for stroke, increasing attention has been paid to traditional Chinese medicines. Buyang Huanwu decoction is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of stroke. This paper summarizes the active components of the Chinese herb, which is composed of Huangqi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Danggui (Radix Angelica sinensis), Chishao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), Honghua (Flos Carthami), Taoren (Semen Persicae) and Dilong (Pheretima), and identifies the therapeutic targets and underlying mechanisms that contribute to the neuroprotective properties of Buyang Huanwu decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Mu
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China ; Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xitong Hu
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haijun Gao
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Wang H, Li Y, Jiang N, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Wang T, Hao Y, Ma L, Zhao C, Wang Y, Sun T, Yu J. Protective effect of oxysophoridine on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1349-59. [PMID: 25206429 PMCID: PMC4107767 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.15.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysophoridine, a new alkaloid extracted from Sophora alopecuroides L., has been shown to have a protective effect against ischemic brain damage. In this study, a focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury model was established using middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Both 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg oxysophoridine, via intraperitoneal injection, and 6 mg/kg nimodipine, via intragastric administration, were administered daily for 7 days before modeling. After 24 hours of reperfusion, mice were tested for neurological deficit, cerebral infarct size was assessed and brain tissue was collected. Results showed that oxysophoridine at 125, 250 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg nimodipine could reduce neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarct size and brain water content in mice. These results provided evidence that oxysophoridine plays a protective role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, oxysophoridine at 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg nimodipine increased adenosine-triphosphate content, and decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide content. These compounds enhanced the activities of glutathione-peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and decreased the activity of nitric oxide synthase. Protein and mRNA expression levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 were markedly inhibited in the presence of 250 mg/kg oxysophoridine and 6 mg/kg nimodipine. Our experimental findings indicated that oxysophoridine has a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice, and that the effect may be due to its ability to inhibit oxidative stress and expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China ; Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Kuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yinju Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chengjun Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for Medicines, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Jin Y, Dong L, Wu C, Qin J, Li S, Wang C, Shao X, Huang D. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating the inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:197-207. [PMID: 25206589 PMCID: PMC4107522 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction extracted from Buyang Huanwu Decoction contains saponins of Astragalus, total paeony glycoside and safflower flavones. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction on ischemic injury both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that 50-200 mg/kg Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction reduced infarct volume and pathological injury in ischemia/reperfusion rats, markedly inhibited expression of nuclear factor-κB and tumor necrosis factor-α and promoted nestin protein expression in brain tissue. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction (200 mg/kg) exhibited significant effects, which were similar to those of 100 mg/kg Ginkgo biloba extract. In vitro experimental results demonstrated that 10-100 mg/L Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction significantly improved cell viability, decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, and inhibited the rate of apoptosis in HT22 cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction (100 mg/L) exhibited significant effects, which were similar to those of 100 mg/L Ginkgo biloba extract. These findings suggest that Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction may represent a novel, protective strategy against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced damage in HT22 cells in vitro by attenuating the inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China ; Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei 230051, Anhui Province, China
| | - Liuyi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Changqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiang Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Anhui Institute of Materia Medica, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Hefei Qi-xing Medicine and Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
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Kong X, Su X, Zhu J, Wang J, Wan H, Zhong M, Li L, Lin N. Neuroprotective effect of buyang huanwu decoction on rat ischemic/reperfusion brain damage by promoting migration of neural precursor cells. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 17:264-75. [PMID: 24372105 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a classic formula widely used for treating stroke-induced disability, the highest morbidity of neurological disorders in China. However, the mechanism of its neuroprotection has not been fully clarified. Previous reports indicated that BYHWD may promote growth and differentiation of neural precursor cells (NPCs). The present study focused on the effects of BYHWD on migration of NPCs in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats were treated with different doses of BYHWD (12 and 24 grams/kg) from day 1 to day 21 after model building. BYHWD could increase the survival rate and decrease neurological scores and infarct volume as compared with the vehicle-treated MCAO rats. Moreover, BYHWD treatment significantly increased 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ), subgranular zone (SGZ), and corpus striatum (CS) of the infarct brain. Interestingly, BYHWD could markedly enhance BrdU(+)/doublecortin(+) cells not only in the SVZ and SGZ but also in CS, by up-regulating the protein expression of migration activators, including stromal cell derived factor-1, CXC chemokine receptor 4, vascular endothelial growth factor, Reelin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ipsilateral infarct area after MCAO. In addition, BYHWD treatment was able to promote the neuronal differentiation, which was closely related to the migratory process of NPCs in MCAO rats. These findings offer evidence for the first time that BYHWD may exert its neuroprotective effects partially by promotion of NPCs migration to ischemic brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Kong
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
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