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Cheng F, Chen M, Duan Z, Zou Y, He Y, Zeng F, Yuan Y, Fu T, Tu H, Li R, Li J, Zhou W. Fabrication, characterization, and bioactivity of self-assembled carrier-free colloidal dispersions from Citrus × Limon 'Rosso' essential oil and tea polyphenols. Food Chem 2024; 457:140058. [PMID: 38905825 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Carrier-free nanodelivery systems are fully self-assembled from active ingredients through interactions, offering the advantages of green, safe, and large-scale manufacturing. To improve the dispersion of Citrus × limon 'Rosso' peel essential oil (CEO) in water and boost the biological activity of CEO and tea polyphenols (TP), self-assembled CEO-TP colloidal dispersions (CEO-TP Colloids) were fabricated through sonication without surfactants or carriers. The optimal CEO and TP concentrations in the CEO-TP Colloids were determined to be 10.0 and 20.0 mg/mL by particle size and stability analyzer, respectively. The CEO self-assembled with TP to form spherical nanoparticles through hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions, whereas the CEO in CEO-TP Colloids weakened TP intramolecular aggregation. Meanwhile, the CEO-TP Colloids showed synergistic effects with better antibacterial, cellular antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities than single components. This study opens up the possibility of carrier-free co-delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic active components developed into food-grade formulations with multiple bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangying Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mianhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zhihao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunan, 650000, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yunxia He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Fanke Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Tiaokun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Hao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
| | - Jihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
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Zhao Y, Li P, Wang X, Wu Y, Liu L, Zhao R. A novel pectin polysaccharide from vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri absorbed by microfold cells in the form of nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131096. [PMID: 38522695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides of vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBCP) have been reported to exhibit liver-targeting and immunomodulatory activities through oral administration, but the absorption behavior and mechanism of VBCPs have not been extensively studied. In this study, a novel HG type pectin polysaccharide, VBCP1-4, with a high molecular weight of 2.94 × 106 Da, was separated from VBCP. VBCP1-4 backbone was contained 1,4-α-D-GalpA, 1,4-α-D-GalpA6OMe, 1,3,4-α-D-GalpA and 1,2,4-α-D-Rhap. The branches were mainly contained 1,5-α-L-Araf, 1,3,5-α-L-Araf, t-α-L-Araf and t-α-D-Galp, which linked to the 3 position of 1,3,4-α-D-GalpA and the 4 position of 1,2,4-α-D-Rhap. VBCP1-4 could self-assemble to nanoparticles in water, with CMC values of 106.41 μg/mL, particle sizes of 178.20 ± 2.82 nm and zeta potentials of -23.19 ± 1.44 mV. The pharmacokinetic study of VBCP1-4, which detected by marking with FITC, revealed that it could be partially absorbed into the body through Peyer's patches of the ileum. In vitro absorption study demonstrated that VBCP1-4 was difficult to be absorbed by Caco-2 cell monolayer, but could be absorbed by M cells in a time and concentration dependent manner. The absorption mechanism was elucidated that VBCP1-4 entered M cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the form of nanoparticles. These findings provide valuable insights into the absorption behavior of VBCP and contribute to its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampaness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Xiang G, Guo S, Qin J, Gao H, Zhang Y, Wang S. Comprehensive insight into the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, detoxification and extraction of hypaconitine from Aconitum plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117505. [PMID: 38016573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypaconitine (HA), a diterpenoid alkaloid, mainly derived from Aconitum plants such as Acoitum carmichaeli Debx. And Aconitum nagarum Stapf., has recently piqued significant interest among the scientific community given its multifaceted attributes including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, and cardio-protective properties. AIM OF THE STUDY This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the research advancements regarding the traditional uses, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and toxicity reduction of HA. It aims to provide a thorough understanding of HA's multifaceted properties and its potential applications in various fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using several prominent databases including PubMed, Web of Science, NCBI, and CNKI. The search was performed using specific keywords such as "hypaconitine," "heart failure," "anti-inflammatory," "aconite decoction," "pharmacological," "pharmacokinetics," "toxicity," "detoxification or toxicity reduction," and "extraction and isolation." The inclusion of these keywords ensured a comprehensive exploration of relevant studies and enabled the retrieval of valuable information pertaining to the various aspects of HA. RESULTS Existing research has firmly established that HA possesses a range of pharmacological effects, encompassing anti-cardiac failure, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-tumor properties. The therapeutic potential of HA is promising, with potential applications in heart failure, ulcerative colitis, cancer, and other diseases. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that HA exhibits high absorption rates, broad distribution, and rapid metabolism. However, toxic effects of HA on the nerves, heart, and embryos have also been observed. To mitigate these risks, HA needs attenuation before use, with the most common detoxification methods being processing and combined use with other drugs. Extraction methods for HA most commonly include cold maceration, soxhlet reflux extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Despite the potential therapeutic benefits of HA, further research is warranted to elucidate its anti-heart failure effects, particularly in vivo, exploring aspects such as in vivo metabolism, distribution, and metabolites. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of HA monomers on inflammation-induced diseases and tumors should be validated in a more diverse range of experimental models, while the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of HA should be investigated in greater detail. CONCLUSION This review serves to emphasize the therapeutic potential of HA and highlights the crucial need to address its toxicity concerns before considering clinical application. Further research is required to comprehensively investigate the pharmacological properties of HA, with particular emphasis on its anti-cardiac failure and anti-inflammatory activities. Such research endeavors have the potential to unveil novel treatment avenues for a broad spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Sa Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huimin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
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Kim HY, Kim JH. Chemical Characterization of the Precipitate Found in and Its Effect on Drug Release of the Scutellaria baicalensis-Coptis chinensis Extract. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301461. [PMID: 37961037 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Precipitate generation is a challenging issue during the production of herbal decoction as it affects the stability and bioavailability of active compounds. Here we explored the composition of the natural precipitate formed from and its effect on drug release of Scutellaria baicalensis-Coptis chinensis paired extract (SCPE). Furthermore, the surface morphology of the SCPE precipitate was also investigated. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to chemical component analysis and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was performed to particle observation. Baicalin (BA), berberine (BBR) and starch-arginine-rich polymers were abundant in the SCPE precipitate. FE-SEM micrographs showed spheroidal shaped particles in the SCPE supernatant, while spherical and porous tissue-shaped particles in the SCPE precipitate. In vitro drug release of baicalin and berberine contained in the precipitate may increase as the polymer is removed. The presence of polymer-related interactions were confirmed by the greater increase in solubility of baicalin upon addition of arginine and polymer. This was also supported by the solubility decrease of the BA-BBR complex in polymer solution and the gelation of the BA-BBR complex in arginine solution. Our results provide a scientific basis for elucidating the pharmaceutical properties of the decoction of S. baicalensis-C. chinensis-based herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Young Kim
- Research Institute for Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea, 50612
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea, 50612
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Pi W, Han N, Wu L, Zhang X, Huang X, Wang Z, Yuan Z, Wang P. Discovery, traceability, formation mechanism, metal and organic components analysis of supramolecules from Maxing Shigan decoction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115532. [PMID: 37352791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction is a complex polydispersed phase system containing colloid solution, emulsion and suspension, which maybe induced by the supramolecular phenomenon in decoction. However, until now there is no systematic analysis of composition and formation mechanism of supramolecules in TCM decoction contained mineral drug and herb medicines. Maxing Shigan Decoction (MXSGT), one of the classic TCM recipes, has been widely used in the treatment of fever in clinic. In this study, we obtained the supramolecular part of MXSGT (MXSGT NPs). And its traceability, formation mechanism, metal and organic components were further analyzed. The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS); and the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced rats' fever model was established to evaluate the antipyretic effect of MXSGT NPs. Furthermore, interaction of the disassembled groups was studied to explore the traceability and formation mechanism of MXSGT NPs by isothermal titration calorimeter (ITC). Due to the combination of mineral gypsum and herb medicines, both ICP-OES and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS were used to analyze metal and organic components of MXSGT and MXSGT NPs, respectively. The results showed that MXSGT NPs was regular spherical nanoparticles and had the same antipyretic effect as MXSGT. Moreover, MXSGT NPs was formed by the interaction between metal and organic components, resulted in enriching the main active compounds of MXSGT. This study would provide a new idea of studying TCM decoction, especially clarifying the connotation with the participation of mineral gypsum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Pi
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nana Han
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Linying Wu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhihua Yuan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Barthel C, Massiot G, Lavaud C. Traditional Chinese medicine: saponins, critical micellar concentrations and partition coefficients. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:414-420. [PMID: 36945197 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) revolves around complex mixtures bound to specific roles within the formulation, among which saponin-containing plants with alleged properties of harmonising or detoxifying other compounds present in the preparations. OBJECTIVE This article deals with the study of these interactions with, as a model, the interaction between saponins and selected active principles. METHODS The measurement of the partition coefficient between water and octanol (logP) was used as an indicator and determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for these active principles in the presence of saponins. For each compound, a graph was constructed showing the evolution of logP with increasing concentrations of saponins. RESULTS Four distinct patterns of interactions were distinguished. Pattern A showed a constant decrease of logP, pattern B showed a decrease followed by a plateau, in pattern C the logP did not vary until the critical micellar concentration (CMC) and decreased afterwards, and pattern D exhibited an increase of logP. These properties were linked to the ability of saponins to form micelles in water once the CMC is reached. The interaction of aconitine and saponins followed pattern D, thus explaining the detoxification of herbal preparations using Aconitum with licorice. The licorice facilitated the extraction of the notoriously water-insoluble artemisinin from Artemisia annua. CONCLUSION This investigation confirms that the physical properties of micelle forming saponins are intimately linked to a modification of behaviour of the other molecules in solution, as seen with the alteration of logP and the four types of interactions presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Barthel
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
| | - Georges Massiot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
| | - Catherine Lavaud
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Reims, France
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He G, Wang X, Liu W, Li Y, Shao Y, Liu W, Liang X, Bao X. Chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, toxicology, processing and compatibility of Fuzi (lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx): A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116160. [PMID: 36773791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx is known as Fuzi in Chinese. It is traditionally valued and used for dispelling cold, relieving pain effects, restoring 'Yang,' and treating shock despite its high toxicity. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on the chemical composition, pharmacological research, preparation, and compatibility of Fuzi to help reduce its toxicity and increase its efficiency, based on the scientific literature. In addition, this review will establish a new foundation for further studies on Fuzi. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature on Fuzi was performed using several resources, namely classic books on Chinese herbal medicine and various scientific databases, such as PubMed, the Web of Science, and the China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases. RESULTS Fuzi extracts contain diester-type alkaloids, monoester-type alkaloids, other types of alkaloids, and non-alkaloids types, and have various pharmacological activities, such as strong heart effect, effect on blood vessels, and antidepressant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and other therapeutic effects. However, these extracts can also lead to various toxicities such as cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and embryonic toxicity. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that different processing methods and suitable compatibility with other herbs can effectively reduce the toxicities and increase the efficiency of Fuzi. CONCLUSION The therapeutic potential of Fuzi has been demonstrated in conditions, such as heart failure, various pains, inflammation, and tumors, which is attributed to the diester-type alkaloids, monoester-type alkaloids, other types of alkaloids, and non-alkaloid types. In contrast, they are also toxic components. Proper processing and suitable compatibility can effectively reduce toxicity and increase the efficiency of Fuzi. Thus more pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms on main active compounds are necessary to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan He
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weiran Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yumeng Shao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Xia Bao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Wang M, Hu WJ, Zhou X, Yu K, Wang Y, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Ethnopharmacological use, pharmacology, toxicology, phytochemistry, and progress in Chinese crude drug processing of the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. (Fuzi): A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115838. [PMID: 36257343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. (also known as Fuzi in Chinese) is a toxic Chinese medicine but widely used in clinical practice with remarkable effects. It is specifically used to treat cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases, in Korea, Japan, and India. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This study aimed to summarize and discuss the effects of drug processing on toxicity, chemical composition, and pharmacology of the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. This review could provide feasible insights for further studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Fuzi was collected through published materials and electronic databases, including the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Flora of China, Web of Science, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, and CNKI. RESULTS More than 100 chemical compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides were revealed. Modern pharmacological studies show that these chemical components have good effects on anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and improving immunity. Di-ester alkaloids are the main source of Fuzi toxicity. Increasing studies have shown that Fuzi can induce multiple organ damage, especially cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. At present, most of the Fuzi used in clinical practice are processed. The processing affects the chemical structure, pharmacology, and toxicology of Fuzi. Moreover, different processing methods have different effects on Fuzi. CONCLUSIONS This review analyzed the effects of Fuzi processing methods on its toxicity and efficiency. The lateral roots of aconite are the known medicinal part of Fuzi; however, the aerial parts of aconite are understudied and require further research to expand its medicinal potential. Processing and compatibility are the primary means to reduce Fuzi toxicity. Nevertheless, establishing a reasonable unified safe dose range requires further discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Kuo Yu
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Thermodynamics driving phytochemical self-assembly morphological change and efficacy enhancement originated from single and co-decoction of traditional chinese medicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:527. [PMID: 36510210 PMCID: PMC9743513 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the self-assembled strategy to improve the clinical efficacy of the existing drugs is the focus of current research. Herbal formula granule is a kind of modern dosage form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which has sprung up in recent decades. However, whether it is equivalent to the TCM decoction that has been used for thousands of years has always been a controversial issue. In this paper, taking the herb pair of Coptidis Rhizoma-Scutellariae Radix and its main component berberine-baicalin as examples, the differences and mechanisms of self-assemblies originated from the co-decoction and physical mixture were studied, respectively. Moreover, the relationship between the morphology and antibacterial effects of self-assemblies was illuminated via multi-technology. Our study revealed that the physical mixture's morphology of both the herb pair and the phytochemicals was nanofibers (NFs), while their co-decoction's morphology was nanospheres (NPs). We also found that the antibacterial activity was enhanced with the change of self-assemblies' morphology after the driving by thermal energy. This might be attributed to that NPs could influence amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism in bacteria. Current study provides a basis that co-decoction maybe beneficial to enhance activity and reasonable use of herbal formula granule in clinic.
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Hao C, Yi H, Hong L, Ming Y, Hengli T, Feipeng G, Lingyun Z. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Reducing Toxicity and Increasing the Efficacy of Sini Decoction Compatibility. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:827-838. [PMID: 36123021 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sini Decoction (SND) is the main prescription for treating Shaoyin disease in Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Typhoid Diseases in Han Dynasty. It is composed of Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch ex DC and Zingiber officinale Roscoe. It has the effects of warming middle-jiao to dispel cold and revive the yang for resuscitation. Nowadays, it is mainly used in diseases in cardiovascular system, nervous system, digestive system and so on. In this paper, the effect and mechanism of the compatibility of Aconitum carmichaelii, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch ex DC and Zingiber officinale Roscoe in SND were described. The results showed that SND performed remarkbly on strengthening heart, promoting blood circulation as well as inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypothyroidism. The toxic effect of Aconitum carmichaelii was relieved by the combination of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch ex DC and Zingiber officinale Roscoe. The mechanism of increasing efficiency and reducing toxicity after the compatibility of medicines in SND was discussed from the perspective of changes in biological effects and chemical compositions. In terms of biological effects, the mechanism of SND in treating heart failure, myocardial ischemia, myocardial hypertrophy and hypothyroidism and protecting cell injury were discussed. As to chemical composition changes, most studies have compared the changes of main components in Aconitum carmichaelii, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch ex DC and Zingiber officinale Roscoe with the whole prescription, drug pair and single Decoction, which further confirmed the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch ex DC on the detoxification of Aconitum carmichaelii and the significance of compatibility efficiency of SND. For the application of differently processed varieties of Aconitum carmichaelii in SND, the treatment of different diseases has siginificant tendencies and differences in the selections of Aconitum carmichaelii processed varieties. This paper will lay a foundation on clarifying the mechanism of drug compatibility of SND and in the future, provide a reference for the proper selection of differently processed products of Aconitum carmichaelii in SND in order to exert better effects in clinical pratices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hao
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Huang Yi
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Liu Hong
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yang Ming
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine
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The Pseudotargeted Metabolomics Study on the Toxicity of Fuzi Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6539675. [PMID: 36147648 PMCID: PMC9489361 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6539675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fuzi is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Clinical Fuzi poisoning cases have frequently been reported. Glycyrrhizae Radix is often used to alleviate Fuzi’s toxicity. However, the poisoning mechanism of Fuzi and the detoxication mechanism of Glycyrrhizae Radix are still not clear. We identified the chemical components of Fuzi at different decoction times (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h) using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 35 compounds were detected in the Fuzi decoction, including diester alkaloids, monoester alkaloids, amino acids, phenolic acids, organic acids, glycosides, and sugars among others. The content of diester alkaloids (i.e., subaconitine, neoaconitine, and aconitine) in the Fuzi decoction decreased after 2 h of decoction time, while the content of monoester alkaloids (i.e., benzoyl aconitine and benzoyl subaconitine) reached a peak at 2 h. A total of 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups, including 8 cases in the low-dosage Fuzi decoction group A, 8 cases in the high-dosage Fuzi decoction group B, 8 cases in the Fuzi and glycyrrhizae decoction group C, and 8 cases in the control group D. The decoction was administered orally for 7 days. Then, a serum was obtained. The metabolites’ changes were analyzed in serum metabolomics using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Statistical analysis and pathway analysis were used to assess the effects of glycyrrhizae on the metabolic changes induced by Fuzi. The behavioral and biochemical characteristics indicated that Fuzi exhibited toxic effects on rats and their metabolic profiles changed. However, the metabolic profiles of the glycyrrhizae group became similar to those of the control group. These profiles showed that glycyrrhizae can effectively improve Fuzi poisoning rats. Our study demonstrated that the established pseudotargeted metabolomics is a powerful approach for investigating the mechanisms of herbal toxicity.
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An insight into current advances on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and detoxification of aconitine. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113115. [PMID: 35605296 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitine is a diterpenoid alkaloid, which mainly exists in the plants of Aconitum. In the last decade, a plethora of studies on the pharmacological activities of aconitine has been conducted and demonstrated that aconitine possessed an extensive range of pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, local anesthesia, and immunomodulatory effects. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that aconitine may have the characteristics of poor bioavailability, wide distribution, and slow elimination. However, studies have also found that aconitine has toxic effects on the heart, nerves, embryos, etc. Therefore, we believe that aconitine may not be suitable for heart patients and pregnant women to treat related diseases. It is important to note that all of these pharmacological effects require further high-quality studies to determine the clinical efficacy of aconitine. This review aims to summarize the advances in pharmacological, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and detoxification of aconitine in the last decade with an emphasis on its anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, to provide researchers with the latest information and point out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future research.
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Chen ZY, Wei XY, Qiu ZD, Huang Y, Tan T, Feng YL, Guo J, Cui GH, Huang LQ, Lai CJS. Compatibility of Fuzi and Ginseng Significantly Increase the Exposure of Aconitines. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883898. [PMID: 35662724 PMCID: PMC9156935 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The herb-pair ginseng-Fuzi (the root of Aconitum carmichaelii) is the material basis of Shenfu prescriptions and is popular in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of heart failure, and even shock with severe-stage of COVID-19. A narrow therapeutic window of Fuzi may cause significant regional loss of property and life in clinics. Therefore, systemic elucidation of active components is crucial to improve the safety dose window of Shenfu oral prescriptions. A high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for quantification of 10 aconitines in SD rat plasma within 9 min. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were below 0.032 ng/ml and 0.095 ng/ml, respectively. Furthermore, a systemic comparison with their pharmacokinetic characteristics after oral administration of a safe dosage of 2 g/kg of Fuzi and ginseng-Fuzi decoction for 24 h was conducted. Eight representative diester, monoester, and non-ester aconitines and two new active components (i.e., songorine and indaconitine) were all adopted to elucidating the differences of the pharmacokinetic parameters in vivo. The compatibility of Fuzi and ginseng could significantly increase the in vivo exposure of active components. The terminal elimination half-life and the area under the concentration-time curve of mesaconitine, benzoylaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylhypaconitine, and songorine were all increased significantly. The hypaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, and songorine were regarded as the main active components in vivo, which gave an effective clue for the development of new Shenfu oral prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Ya Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ting Tan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Lin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gao Y, Dong Y, Guo Q, Wang H, Feng M, Yan Z, Bai D. Study on Supramolecules in Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction. Molecules 2022; 27:3268. [PMID: 35630743 PMCID: PMC9144598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the application of the concept of supramolecular chemistry to various fields, a large number of supramolecules have been discovered. The chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine have various sources and unique structures. During the high-temperature boiling process, various active components form supramolecules due to complex interactions. The supramolecular structure in a traditional Chinese medicine decoction can not only be used as a drug carrier to promote the absorption and distribution of medicinal components but may also have biological activities superior to those of single active ingredients or their physical mixtures. By summarizing the relevant research results over recent years, this paper introduces the research progress regarding supramolecules in various decoctions, laying a foundation for further research into supramolecules in traditional Chinese medicine decoctions, and provides a new perspective for revealing the compatibility mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine, guiding clinical medications, and developing new nanometers materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Q.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yingying Dong
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Q.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Qin Guo
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Q.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Basic Medical School, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Mei Feng
- Basic Medical School, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Zhengshen Yan
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Q.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Dong Bai
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Q.G.); (Z.Y.)
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Hu Q, Chen M, Yan M, Wang P, Lei H, Xue H, Ma Q. Comprehensive analysis of Sini decoction and investigation of acid-base self-assembled complexes using cold spray ionization mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gao G, He C, Wang H, Guo J, Ke L, Zhou J, Chong PH, Rao P. Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Isatis indigotica Fort. Root Decoction: Diversity, Cytotoxicity, and Antiviral Activity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:nano12010030. [PMID: 35009980 PMCID: PMC8746683 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been revealed that numerous nanoparticles are formed during the boiling preparation of traditional Chinese medical decoctions and culinary soups. They may possess physiological effects different from those of constituent components and are worth paying attention to but are barely noticed and investigated as of yet. In this study, six groups of nanoparticles, whose size ranged from 57 to 300 nm, were successfully isolated from the decoction of Isatis indigotica Fort. root, according to their particle size by the means of size-exclusive chromatography. All of the obtained nanoparticles have a high content of polysaccharides, which distinguishes them from the disclosed BLG protein nanoparticles. They also have high similarities in other compositions, surface charge, and stimuli responses. However, four out of these six nanoparticles (F2, F3, F4, and F5) exhibited significant antiviral activity against influenza virus H1N1, and their antiviral activities and cytotoxicity towards MDCK cells varied with their sizes. It suggested that the antiviral efficacy of BLG decoction could also be from its nanoparticles besides its well-known antiviral phytochemicals. It also implied that the biological effects of these polysaccharide nanoparticles, including cytotoxicity and antiviral activity, may be correlative with the physicochemical properties, especially the particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhen Gao
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; (G.G.); (H.W.); (L.K.); (P.H.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Chuanqi He
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; (G.G.); (H.W.); (L.K.); (P.H.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Jingke Guo
- Department of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhicheng College, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Lijing Ke
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; (G.G.); (H.W.); (L.K.); (P.H.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Jianwu Zhou
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; (G.G.); (H.W.); (L.K.); (P.H.C.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8807-1024; Fax: +86-571-8805-6656
| | - Pik Han Chong
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; (G.G.); (H.W.); (L.K.); (P.H.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Food Nutrition Science Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; (G.G.); (H.W.); (L.K.); (P.H.C.); (P.R.)
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Li YJ, Chen YG, Chen J. Quantitative analysis, in vitro and in vivo permeability assays of toxic alkaloids in Qingpeng ointment using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1990945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Gang Chen
- Lanzhou Second People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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Shen Y, Liang WJ, Shi YN, Kennelly EJ, Zhao DK. Structural diversity, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of natural diterpenoid alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 37:763-796. [PMID: 32129397 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 to 2018. Diterpenoid alkaloids, originating from the amination of natural tetracyclic diterpenes, are a diverse class of compounds having complex structural features with many stereocenters. The important pharmacological activities and structural complexity of the diterpenoid alkaloids have long interested scientists due to their medicinal uses, infamous toxicity, and unique biosynthesis. Since 2009, 373 diterpenoid alkaloids, assigned to 46 skeletons, have been isolated and identified from plants mostly in the Ranunculaceae family. The names, classes, molecular weight, molecular formula, NMR data, and plant sources of these diterpene alkaloids are collated here. This review will be a detailed update of the naturally occurring diterpene alkaloids reported from the plant kingdom from 2009-2018, providing an in-depth discussion of their diversity, biological activities, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, application, evolution, and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China and Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China. and Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and Kunming Kangren Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650203, P. R. China and Research & Development Center for Functional Products, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Na Shi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China and Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650000, P. R. China
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, 10468, USA. and Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Biology, and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Da-Ke Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China. and Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China and Kunming Kangren Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650203, P. R. China
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You G, Feng T, Zhang H, Sun L, Mou J, Wang M, Ren X. Comparative study on the stability/intestinal absorption kinetics of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside derived from Polygoni Multiflori Radix and its herb pairs. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1966441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjiao You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiajia Mou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Effect and molecular mechanism research of Astragalus membranaceus on inhibiting intestinal absorption of six alkaloids of Aconitum carmichaelii in spleen deficiency rats. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 14:117-124. [PMID: 36120137 PMCID: PMC9476704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect and the mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi in Chinese, HQ) extract on the intestinal absorption of six alkaloids of Aconitum carmichaelii (Fuzi in Chinese, FZ) in rats with spleen deficiency and provide novel insights into the application of HQ on modulating intestinal barrier. Methods Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with Xiaochengqi Decoction to induce the spleen deficiency model for 40 d. Single-pass intestinal perfusion model were used to study the effects of HQ extract on the absorption of alkaloids. Protein expression and mRNA levels of MRP2 and BCRP and tight junction proteins (TJ, including Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1) were measured using Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. The location and expression of TJ protein was also investigated by the immunofluorescence method. Results Compared with the normal group, the protein expression of MRP2, BCRP and TJ proteins in the model group were significantly down-regulated. After oral administration of HQ, the alkaloid absorption in intestinal villi was inhibited, MRP2, BCRP and TJ proteins were up-regulated, the green fluorescence staining of Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 was enhanced, and a thick layer of mucus was deposited on the surface of the epithelium of the intestinal cavity. Conclusion HQ as an intestinal barrier modulator improves the physiological changes of the intestinal environment of spleen deficiency to reduce the absorption of toxic components, leading to a decrease in the absorption of drug-like molecules.
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Promoting effect of the Maillard reaction products produced during the stir-frying process of Hordei Fructus Germinatus on the intestinal absorption of active ingredients in Hordei Fructus Germinatus. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:631-642. [PMID: 34123460 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the absorption promoting capacity of Maillard Reaction Products (MRPs) produced during the stir-frying process of Hordei Fructus Germinatus on catechin, ferulic acid, quercetin and kaempferol by the ex vivo rat everted gut sac model, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model and the whole animal model. Moreover, verapamil, EDTA and mannitol were used for determining the transport mechanism of catechin, ferulic acid, quercetin and kaempferol. The tight junction (TJ) proteins including zonula occudens-1(ZO-1) and claudin-1 were chosen to investigate the promoting mechanism of MRPs by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses. The results showed that the MRPs produced during the stir-frying process of Hordei Fructus Germinatus could improve the intestinal absorption of catechin, ferulic acid, quercetin and kaempferol. And the absorption-promoting effect of MRPs was related to chelating effect and the reduced expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1. Our results suggested that MRPs could be promising oral absorption promoters, which might be another processing mechanism of Hordei Fructus Germinatus.
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Liang XL, Ji MM, Chen L, Liao Y, Kong XQ, Xu XQ, Liao ZG, Wilson DW. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine Astragalus Radix and its effects on intestinal absorption of aconite alkaloids in rats. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:235-242. [PMID: 36117510 PMCID: PMC9476535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Gao J, Bao L, Zhang A. The mechanism underlying hypaconitine-mediated alleviation of pancreatitis-associated lung injury through up-regulating aquaporin-1/TNF-α. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 31:790-798. [PMID: 33361042 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.19542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (APALI) is one of the most common and most dangerous form of extra-pancreatic organ damage in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The treatment options for SAP were limited thus far; as a result, approximately 60%-80% of patients with SAP would die within a week. Hypaconitine (HC), one of the most important active ingredients in a Mongolian traditional medicine Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii has an excellent anti-inflammatory effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS To ascertain whether HC has a protective effect against APALI, we investigated the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro and attempted to elucidate the mechanism in detail. In this study, APALI rats and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were treated with therapeutic doses of HC after establishing a model with sodium taurocholate and lipopolysaccharide, respectively. RESULTS Serum amylase and lipase activity, lung wet/dry weight ratio, lung myeloperoxidase activity, and pancreatic and lung histopathological changes showed that HC alleviated APALI in a dose-dependent way, which can be abolished by an aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) knockdown. The results of the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the expression of AQP-1, a kind of transmembrane protein that mainly distributed in the membranes of pulmonary cells and contributed to maintain water balance in the body by interacting with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), is negatively associated with APALI. On the contrary, HC treatment up-regulated AQP-1 expression and down-regulated the TNF-α expression as a consequence in APALI. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HC has a good anti-inflammatory therapeutic effect on APALI with a possible underlying mechanism that affects the AQP-1/TNF-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Lidao Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Aiwu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
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Chen M, Wang P, Li T, Li L, Li J, Bai H, Lei H, Ma Q. Comprehensive analysis of Huanglian Jiedu decoction: Revealing the presence of a self-assembled phytochemical complex in its naturally-occurring precipitate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113820. [PMID: 33303266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study presents a comprehensive analysis to explore the compositions of both the supernatant and naturally-occurring precipitate of Huanglian Jiedu decoction employing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). Totally 109 constituents (32 alkaloids, 39 flavonoids, 12 iridoids, 9 phenolic acids, and 17 other compounds) were identified from accurate-mass measurements in full-scan MS/data-dependent MS/MS mode of acquisition. Furthermore, a quantitative method was developed for determination of 14 marker compounds in Huanglian Jiedu decoction. Experimental results revealed that all of these marker compounds were present in both the supernatant and naturally-occurring precipitate. Most notably, the contents of baicalin and berberine were significantly higher in the naturally-occurring precipitate than supernatant, presumably due to self-assembly complexation. The formation of the baicalin/berberine complex was comprehensively investigated by electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and fluorescence spectroscopy, etc. The morphology and size distribution of the baicalin/berberine self-assembled nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). This study provides fundamental scientific evidence of the presence of a self-assembled phytochemical complex in the naturally-occurring precipitate, enabling better understanding of Huanglian Jiedu decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Linsen Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junfang Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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Huang C, Dong J, Jin X, Ma H, Zhang D, Wang F, Cheng L, Feng Y, Xiong X, Jiang J, Hu L, Lei M, Wu B, Zhang G. Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of fuzi-ganjiang herb pair against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:112951. [PMID: 32574670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzi and ganjiang are widely used as traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) in China, Korea, Japan, and many other southeast Asian countries for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), emesis and heart failure for more than 1800 years. However, the underlying mechanism of fuzi, ganjiang and fuzi-ganjiang herb pair is still unclear. In our study, we explored the therapeutic effects of fuzi, ganjiang and fuzi-ganjiang herb pair against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice model, along with the relevant mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The contents of each marker compound in fuzi decoction (FD), ganjiang decoction (GD) and fuzi-ganjiang decoction (FGD) were determined using LC-MS/MS. During the experiment, bodyweight changes in each group were monitored every 5 days. On the day of sacrifice, colonic length, disease activity index (DAI) and spleen weight were also evaluated and histopathological examination was performed through hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining. The levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and then the relative mRNA productions of inflammatory mediators, such as MPO, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Involvement of MAPK, STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of UC was determined in each group using Western Blot (WB) analysis. RESULTS Compared with fuzi and ganjiang single decoction, the content of the alkaloids derived from fuzi (especially the diester alkaloid with strong toxicity, hypaconitine) in fuzi-ganjiang herb pair decoction was reduced. Additionally, the 6-gingerol, which was not found in ganjiang single decoction, was retained in fuzi-ganjiang herb pair decoction. FD, GD, and FGD significantly restored the bodyweight reduction, colon shortening, DAI elevation, splenomegaly and histological score in DSS-induced UC mice. Furthermore, except for the failure of low dosage of ganjiang decoction (GD-L) on IL-17A, all FD, GD and FGD significantly inhibited the production of MPO and inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A, and suppressed the relative expression of inflammatory mediators, such as MPO, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA in colon tissues of DSS-induced mice. According to WB analysis, fuzi, ganjiang and fuzi-ganjiang combination inhibited the activation of MAPK, NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that fuzi, ganjiang and fuzi-ganjiang combination possess prominent anti-inflammatory activities against DSS-induced UC mice; the involved mechanism may be related to inhibition the activation of MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, China.
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Qiu ZD, Wei XY, Sun RQ, Chen JL, Tan T, Xu JQ, Cui GH, Chen T, Guo J, Lai CJS, Huang LQ. Limitation standard of toxic aconitines in Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines using on-line extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1511-1520. [PMID: 32963946 PMCID: PMC7488490 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of rapid analytical methods and establishment of toxic component limitation standards are of great importance in quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. Herein, an on-line extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (oEESI-MS) coupled with a novel whole process integral quantification strategy was developed and applied to direct determination of nine key aconitine-type alkaloids in 20 Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines (APCMs). Multi-type dosage forms (e.g., tablets, capsules, pills, granules, and liquid preparation) of APCM could be determined directly with excellent versatility. The strategy has the characteristics of high throughput, good tolerance of matrix interference, small amount of sample (∼0.5 mg) and reagent (∼240 μL) consumption, and short analysis time for single sample (<15 min). The results were proved to be credible by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, respectively. Moreover, the limitation standard for the toxic aconitines in 20 APCMs was established based on the holistic weight toxicity (HWT) evaluation and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia severally, and turned out that HWT-based toxicity evaluation results were closer to the real clinical applications. Hence, a more accurate and reliable APCM toxicity limitation was established and expected to play an important guiding role in clinics. The current study extended the power of ambient MS as a method for the direct quantification of molecules in complex samples, which is commonly required in pharmaceutical analysis, food safety control, public security, and many other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xu-Ya Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Rui-Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jin-Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ting Tan
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jia-Quan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Guang-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zhou Q, Meng P, Zhang Y, Chen P, Wang H, Tan G. The compatibility effects of sini decoction against doxorubicin-induced heart failure in rats revealed by mass spectrometry-based serum metabolite profiling and computational analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112618. [PMID: 32006632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sini decoction (SND) is a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula composed of Acontium carmichaeli, Zingiber officinale and Glycyrrhiza uralensis, which is considered as an efficient formula against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced heart failure. But the compatibility mechanism of SND remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the compatibility mechanism of SND against DOX-induced heart failure in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics were performed. The relative distance values (RDVs) of SND, A. carmichaeli-free decoction (ACFD), Z. officinale-free decoction (ZOFD) and G. uralensis-free decoction (GUFD) treated groups from the control/DOX groups in multidimensional space were calculated to provide a measure of compatibility effect of SND. SND, ACFD, ZOFD, GUFD-targeted metabolic pathways were identified and compared to investigate the synergistic mechanism of SND by computational systems analysis. Real-time quantitative PCR was further employed to validate the key metabolic pathways at the level of the gene. RESULTS The RDVs combined with the hemodynamic and biochemical analysis showed that the protection effects were sorted as SND > GUFD > ZOFD > ACFD. It revealed that DOX-induced heart failure perturbed 16 metabolic pathways, and SND, GUFD, ZOFD and ACFD-treated groups could significantly reversed 12, 10, 7 and 6 metabolic pathways of these 16 metabolic pathways, respectively. Metabolic pathway and RT-PCR analysis indicated that both SND and GUFD could protect DOX-induced heart failure mainly by regulating PLA2-COX pathway and PLA2-CYP pathway. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that A. carmichaeli played an essential role in attenuation of DOX-induced heart failure among the three herb constituents of SND and the constituent herbs mutually reinforced each other. This work demonstrated that metabolomics combined with computational systems analysis was a promising tool for uncovering the compatibility effects of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guangguo Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Yang X, Wu Y, Zhang C, Fu S, Zhang J, Fu C. Extraction, structural characterization, and immunoregulatory effect of a polysaccharide fraction from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:314-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li HQ, Xu JY, Fan XH, Wu SS. Optimization of the traditional processing method for precision detoxification of CaoWu through biomimetic linking kinetics and human toxicokinetics of aconitine as toxic target marker. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112053. [PMID: 31271819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE CaoWu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix), well known for its high toxicity leading to fatal ventricular arrhythmias, is detoxified by HeZi (Terminalia Chebula Retz) decoction to prepare ZhiCaoWu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Preparata) as one part of ingredients of NaRu-3 pill which is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aconitine (AC) is a highly toxic alkaloid of CaoWu and it is used as toxic target marker for the quality control (QC) of ZhiCaoWu. In the traditional processing method, the vanish of astringent or spicy feeling in tongue is the important detoxification indicator of ZhiCaoWu. However, how CaoWu is detoxified to ZhiCaoWu and whether the appropriate content of AC in ZhiCaoWu can be efficiently perceived after the empirical detoxification still lack factual basis. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to optimize the traditional processing method for precision detoxification of CaoWu through biomimetic linking kinetics and human toxicokinetics (TK) of AC, with a view of providing insights into the changes of toxic target marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS CaoWu medicinal slices (Mes) and coarse powder (Cop) were processed by blank HeZi decoction through the soaking method for 7 days. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the analysis of the samples. The acidity of blank HeZi decoction and HeZi processing decoction was directly determined by pH meter. The non-compartment analysis (NCA) was used to have an intuitive appreciation for AC and pH changes in HeZi processing decoction while the compartment model method was used to build the biomimetic linking kinetics model with the covariate. The inter-species scaling of animal TK parameters was conducted to predict human AC TK profiles. The possible uptake ways of AC (rapid-release or extended-release) for humans were attempted to assess the poisoning risk of AC in NaRu-3 pill. Based on the target content of AC in ZhiCaoWu, the biomimetic linking kinetics model was explored to optimize the traditional processing detoxification method of CaoWu. The assays of determining inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells were performed to investigate the inflammatory modulation effects of AC in vitro. RESULTS ZhiCaoWu was prepared by eliminating redundant AC in CaoWu through the repeatable replacement of HeZi processing decoction in which its acidity (pH) was affected. AC-pH changes in HeZi processing decoction were adequately depicted by a biomimetic linking kinetics model whose predictive power was determined by comparing the predictions of AC in ZhiCaoWu with the reported data. Rapid-release AC at the converted dose of 111.1 and 417.6 μg (0.011 and 0.042% of AC in NaRu-3 pill) reached maximum blood concentrations of 26.1 and 98.1 ng/mL at 0.3 h, in comparison with minimum human lethal concentration (100 ng/mL). Achieving the target content of AC (0.04%) in ZhiCaoWu or AC (0.011%) in NaRu-3 pill to precisely control the poisoning risk, the potential optimized protocols were that the processing time at 0.2-0.8% of AC in CaoWu was 2.0-4.4 days for Cop and 2.7-6.2 days for Mes. Correspondingly, pH values in HeZi processing decoction were 3.95 and 3.77 for Cop and Mes, respectively. Meanwhile, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells were exposed to 0, 20, and 200 μM of AC for 12 h and AC at 20 μM enhanced the levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Thus, for the first time, a biomimetic linking kinetics model was built to optimize the traditional detoxification method. Moreover, pH changes could be developed as surrogate endpoint for guiding the processing detoxification of CaoWu. Notably, setting the content limit of AC (0.011%) was very rational to control the poisoning risk of NaRu-3 pill. In addition, it was possible that there existed the more complex mechanisms of AC for inflammatory modulation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qing Li
- State Clinical Trial Institution of New Drugs, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010065, China; Mongolian Medicine Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Institute of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010065, China.
| | - Jia Yin Xu
- Mongolian Pharmaceutical Preparation Center, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010065, China
| | - Xiao Hong Fan
- State Clinical Trial Institution of New Drugs, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010065, China
| | - Shan Shan Wu
- State Clinical Trial Institution of New Drugs, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010065, China
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He Y, Wei Z, Xie Y, Yi X, Zeng Y, Li Y, Liu C. Potential synergic mechanism of Wutou-Gancao herb-pair by inhibiting efflux transporter P-glycoprotein. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:178-186. [PMID: 32373389 PMCID: PMC7192969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wutou-Gancao herb-pair is extensively used to attenuate the toxicity and enhance the efficacy of aconite. In this study, potential synergic mechanism of the herb pair was investigated by utilizing multiple approaches. In silico and in vitro Caco-2 cell models were applied to study the potential binding mode of bioactive ingredients existing in liquorice with P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as well as the inhibition effects on P-gp. Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity of aconitine (AC) combined with active ingredients of liquorice, as well as pharmacokinetic patterns of AC after co-administration was investigated. Anti-inflammatory effect of AC (1 mg/kg) in rats was enhanced in combination with bioactive ingredients of liquorice (10 mg/kg). In the meanwhile, the exposure of AC in vivo was altered, in terms of Cmax and AUC. For instance, the Cmax and AUC were increased to 1.9 and 1.3 folds, respectively, when used in combination with liquiritigenin. The in silico study revealed the potential binding mode with outward facing conformation of P-gp. The resulting data obtained from transport of rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) across Caco-2 cell monolayer further indicated that the function of P-gp was inhibited by chemicals in liquorice. The synergic effect was therefore proposed to be attributed to inhibition of P-gp by liquorice since AC has been demonstrated to be the substrate of P-gp. The resuls revealed that potential synergic mechanism of Wutou-Gancao herb-pair by inhibiting function of key efflux transporter P-gp to enhance the exposure of AC in systematic circulation, and further the anti-inflammatory effect, which helps clarify the compatibility rationale of these two herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei He
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Zihong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technologies and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Assessment Co. Ltd, China
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiulin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technologies and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Assessment Co. Ltd, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technologies and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Assessment Co. Ltd, China
| | - Yazhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technologies and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Assessment Co. Ltd, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technologies and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Assessment Co. Ltd, China
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31
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Gao XX, Feng JY, Yang L, Wang P, Jia JP, Qin XM. Investigation on pharmacochemistry and pharmacokinetics of atractylenolides from Atractylodes in vivo based on UPLC-MS combined with everted gut sac model in vitro. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1537286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X. X. Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - J. Y. Feng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - L. Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - P. Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - J. P. Jia
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - X. M. Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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32
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Nie Q, Chen H, Hu J, Fan S, Nie S. Dietary compounds and traditional Chinese medicine ameliorate type 2 diabetes by modulating gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:848-863. [PMID: 30569745 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1536646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications are major public health concerns which strongly influence the quality of humans' life. Modification of gut microbiota has been widely used for the management of diabetes. In this review, the relationship between diabetes and gut microbiota, as well as the effects of different dietary components and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on gut microflora are summarized. Dietary compounds and TCM possessing bioactive components (fiber and phytochemicals) first change the composition of gut microbiota (inhibiting pathogens and promoting the beneficial bacteria growth) and then influence the production of their metabolites, which would further modify the intestinal environment through inhibiting the production of detrimental compounds (such as lipopolysaccharide, hydrogen sulfide, indol, etc.). Importantly, metabolites (short chain fatty acids and other bioactive components) fermented/degraded by gut microbiota can target multiple pathways in intestine, liver, pancreas, etc., resulting in the improvement of gut health, glycemic control, lipids profile, insulin resistance and inflammation. Furthermore, understanding the interaction between different dietary components and gut microbiota, as well as underlying mechanisms would help design different diet formula for the management of diabetes. Further researches could focus on the combination of different dietary components for preventing and treating diabetes, based on the principle of "multiple components against multiple targets" from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Haihong Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Jielun Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Songtao Fan
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
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33
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Fan H, Xuan J, Du X, Liu N, Jiang J. Antitumor component recognition from the Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma herb pair extract by chemometrics and mean impact value. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39602-39610. [PMID: 35558036 PMCID: PMC9090987 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to recognize the active antitumor components from the mixed pair extract of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi in Chinese) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao in Chinese) using chemometrics and mean impact value (MIV) methods. Firstly, 30 common components of 31 different samples were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by HPLC-UV and UPLC-Q-TOF tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Meanwhile, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays were used to test the inhibition activities of the 31 different samples against HeLa cells. Then a back propagation (BP) neural network, support vector regression (SVR), and two optimization algorithms – genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) – were applied to construct composition–activity relationship (CAR) models for the Fuzi–Gancao extract. Based on the optimal CAR model, the MIV was introduced to evaluate the contribution of each individual component to the anticancer efficacy of the extract. Results indicated that the SVR-PSO model best depicted the complex relationship between the chemical composition and the inhibition effect of a Fuzi–Gancao extract. The 30 common components were ranked by their absolute MIVs, and the top 8, which corresponded to peaks 17, 25, 22, 13, 23, 28, 5, and 7 in the chromatogram, were tentatively deemed to be the main antitumor components. The integrated strategy shows a novel and efficient approach to understanding the potential contributions of components from complicated herbal medicines, and the identified results suggest certain directions for screening and research into new antitumor drugs. CAR models for the Fuzi–Gancao herb pair were constructed by BP, SVR, GA and PSO, and used to fit experimental data. The main active antitumor components were recognized from MIVs based on the optimal CAR model.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-022-2740-0388
| | - Jianbang Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-022-2740-0388
| | - Xinyun Du
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-022-2740-0388
| | - Ningzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-022-2740-0388
| | - Jianlan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-022-2740-0388
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Detoxication mechanisms of Radix Tripterygium wilfordii via compatibility with Herba Lysimachia christinae in S180-bearing mice by involving Nrf2. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180429. [PMID: 29950302 PMCID: PMC6043720 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined administration between Radix Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (LGT) and Herba Lysimachia christinae Hance (JQC) belongs to mutual detoxication compatibility of seven emotions in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. However, until now, the compatibility detoxication mechanisms remain unknown. The present study was undertaken to observe detoxication mechanisms of LGT through compatibility with JQC in tumor-bearing mice by involving NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant defenses. In addition, influence of compatibility on antitumor activity was also investigated here. Our results demonstrated that compatibility with JQC administration significantly reversed LGT-elevated serum alanine/aspartate transaminase (ALT/AST) levels and alleviated hepatocytes’ swelling or degeneration damage, and at the ratio 2/1 (LGT/JQC) produced the strongest detoxication effect. Besides, compatibility with JQC administration reversed not only LGT-elevated hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) but also the LGT lowered GSH, glutathione-s transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and interleukin (IL)-10 levels. Furthermore, compatibility with JQC administration significantly up-regulated protein expression of Nrf2 and mRNA expression of it regulated downstream antioxidant genes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). In addition, compatibility with JQC further decreased LGT-decreased tumor weight and at the ratio 2/1 (LGT/JQC) also exerted the strongest synergistic effect. Collectively, through compatibility with JQC exerted detoxication effect on LGT-induced hepatotoxicity and the mechanisms could be at least partly attributed to up-regulation of Nrf2 and its downstream signals, thereby enhancing antioxidant defenses, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Additionally, at the ratio 2/1 (LGT/JQC) exerted the strongest effects on both detoxication and synergism.
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Wang LQ, He Y, Wan HF, Zhou HF, Yang JH, Wan HT. Protective mechanisms of hypaconitine and glycyrrhetinic acid compatibility in oxygen and glucose deprivation injury. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:586-596. [PMID: 28681583 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effect of the compatibility of hypaconitine (HA) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on H9c2 cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury, and the possible mechanisms. We found that HA+GA significantly improved pathology and morphology of the nucleus and ultrastructure of H9c2 cells under OGD as determined by Hoechst 33342 staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tests. It also reduced the releases of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme (CK-MB), and aspartate transaminase (AST) from the cultured supernatant of H9c2 cells, which were tested by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In addition, it lessened the apoptotic rate as determined by a fluorescein isothiocyanate-annexin V/propidium iodide (FITC-AV/PI) double staining assay. It was also found that HA+GA might regulate the protein expression associated with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Overall, the study demonstrated that HA+GA protected H9c2 cells against OGD-induced injury, and the signaling mechanism might be related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Wang
- Cardio-Cerebro Vascular Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yu He
- Cardio-Cerebro Vascular Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hao-Fang Wan
- Cardio-Cerebro Vascular Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hui-Fen Zhou
- Cardio-Cerebro Vascular Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jie-Hong Yang
- Cardio-Cerebro Vascular Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hai-Tong Wan
- Cardio-Cerebro Vascular Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Dong YZ, Liu ZL, Liu YY, Song ZQ, Guo N, Wang C, Ning ZC, Ma XL, Lu AP. Quality Control of the Fuzi Lizhong Pill Through Simultaneous Determination of 16 Major Bioactive Constituents by RRLC–MS-MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:541-554. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-zhuo Dong
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen-li Liu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-yan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-qian Song
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang-chi Ning
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ling Ma
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-ping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Xu T, Pi Z, Liu S, Song F, Liu Z. Chemical Profiling Combined with "Omics" Technologies (CP-Omics): a Strategy to Understand the Compatibility Mechanisms and Simplify Herb Formulas in Traditional Chinese Medicines. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:381-391. [PMID: 28387961 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The compatibility mechanisms of formulas in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are indistinct. In order to better understand the compatibility mechanisms and the quality control of the formulas, it is necessary to simplify formulas in TCM research. OBJECTIVE Developing a novel method by multi-analysing the contents of different compounds in formula and inferred simplified formula simultaneously. METHODOLOGY Chemical profiling combined with "omics" technologies (CP-omics) was employed in the present study. Wu-tou Tang (WTT) was taken as an example to elucidate the workflow. We used high definition mass spectrometry combined with pattern recognition methods to analyse WTT and eight herb combinations derived from it. By analysing the content variation of the compounds, the inter compatibility mechanisms of WTT was explained. Cluster analysis classified the herb combinations and inferred a simplified formula. RESULTS It was found that Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata and Ephedrae Herba could reduce the contents of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids; Ephedrae Herba could increase the contents of triterpene saponins and monoterpene glycosides in WTT. Through the overall comparison, Aconiti Radix Preparata combined with Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata, Ephedrae Herba combined with Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata have a similar chemical profiling with WTT. We inferred that a new simplified prescription composed of Aconiti Radix Preparata, Ephedrae Herba and Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata should also have a good clinical effect. At last, pharmacological results confirmed that the new herb combination possesses similar anti-inflammatory activities to WTT. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the CP-omics has great advantages in pharmaceutical discovery and optimising complex formulas in TCM. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
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Liu S, Li F, Li Y, Li W, Xu J, Du H. A review of traditional and current methods used to potentially reduce toxicity of Aconitum roots in Traditional Chinese Medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 207:237-250. [PMID: 28666834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aconitum species are well-known for their medicinal value and high lethal toxicity in many Asian countries, notably China, India and Japan. The tubers are only used after processing in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). They can be used safely and effectively with the methods of decoction, rational compatibility, and correct processing based on traditional experiences and new technologies. However, high toxicological risks still remain due to improper preparation and usage in China and other countries. Therefore, there is a need to clarify the methods of processing and compatibility to ensure their effectiveness and minimize the potential risks. OBJECT The aim of this paper is to provide a review of traditional and current methods used to potentially reduce toxicity of Aconitum roots in TCM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The use of Aconitum has been investigated and the methods of processing and compatibility throughout history, including recent research, have been reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Using of the methods of rational preparation, reasonable compatibility, and proper processing based on traditional experiences and new technologies, can enable Aconitum to be used safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Weifei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jinkai Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hong Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Pharmacokinetic Comparison of 20(R)- and 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1 and 20(R)- and 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 in Rat Plasma following Oral Administration of Radix Ginseng Rubra and Sheng-Mai-San Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6451963. [PMID: 28620420 PMCID: PMC5460445 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6451963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg3, as the main bioactive components from Ginseng, are effective for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Sheng-Mai-San (SMS), a classical complex prescription of traditional Chinese medicines, is composed of Radix Ginseng Rubra, Fructus Schisandrae, and Radix Ophiopogonis. In this research, a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for stereoselective determination and pharmacokinetic studies of 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1 and 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 epimers in rat plasma after oral administration of Radix Ginseng Rubra or SMS extracts. The main pharmacokinetic parameters including Tmax, Cmax, t1/2, and AUC were calculated by noncompartment model. Compared with Radix Ginseng Rubra, SMS could significantly increase the content of ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg3 in the decocting process. Ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg3 following SMS treatment displayed higher Cmax, AUC(0–t), and AUC(0–∞) and longer t1/2 and tmax except for 20(R)-Rh1 in rat plasma. The results indicated SMS compound compatibility could influence the dissolution in vitro and the pharmacokinetic behaviors in vivo of ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg3, suggesting pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg3 and other ingredients from Fructus Schisandrae and Radix Ophiopogonis. This study would provide valuable information for drug development and clinical application of SMS.
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Zhu L, Wu J, Zhao M, Song W, Qi X, Wang Y, Lu L, Liu Z. Mdr1a plays a crucial role in regulating the analgesic effect and toxicity of aconitine by altering its pharmacokinetic characteristics. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 320:32-39. [PMID: 28193520 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aconitine (AC) is the primary bioactive/toxic alkaloid in plants of the Aconitum species. Our previous study demonstrated that Mdr1 was involved in efflux of AC. However, the mechanism by which Mdr1 regulates the efficacy/toxicity of AC in vivo remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Mdr1a on the efficacy/toxicity and pharmacokinetics of AC in wild-type and Mdr1a-/- FVB mice. After oral administration of AC, significantly higher analgesic effect was observed in Mdr1a-/- mice (49% to 105%) compared to wild-type mice (P<0.05). The levels of s100-β protein and creatine kinase, which indicate cerebral and myocardial damage, respectively, were also significantly increased (P<0.05) in Mdr1a-/- mice. Histopathological examination revealed that the Mdr1a-/- mice suffered from evident cerebral and myocardial damages, but the wild-type mice did not. These findings suggested that Mdr1a deficiency significantly promoted the analgesic effect of AC and exacerbated its toxicity. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that T1/2 of AC in the Mdr1a-/- mice was significantly higher (from 87% to 300%) than that in wild-type mice (P<0.05). The distribution of AC in the brain of Mdr1a-/- mice was 2- to 32-fold higher than that in the brains of wild-type mice (P<0.05). Toxic reactions were more severe in Mdr1a-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. In conclusion, Mdr1a deficiency significantly enhanced the analgesic effect of AC and exacerbated its toxicity by upregulating its distribution to the brain and decreasing its plasma elimination rate. Thus, Mdr1a dysfunction may cause severe AC poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Wenjie Song
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 999078, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 999078, PR China.
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Sun S, Chen Q, Ge J, Liu X, Wang X, Zhan Q, Zhang H, Zhang G. Pharmacokinetic interaction of aconitine, liquiritin and 6-gingerol in a traditional Chinese herbal formula, Sini Decoction. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:45-52. [PMID: 28051355 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1278807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyun Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Bai Y, Du S, Li F, Huang F, Deng R, Zhou J, Chen D. Histone deacetylase-high mobility group box-1 pathway targeted by hypaconitine suppresses the apoptosis of endothelial cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:527-535. [PMID: 28056545 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216685433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypaconitine is an active component of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx, a Chinese medicinal herb for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism underlying its effect remains elusive. In this study, we found that hypaconitine, rather than aconitum alkaloids in A. carmichaelii (e.g. aconitine, mesaconitine and benzoylaconitine), prevented endothelial cells from damage due to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) challenge. Cleaved caspase 3 expression in endothelial cells was up-regulated by oxLDL and markedly attenuated by hypaconitine, suggesting that hypaconitine inhibited the oxLDL-induced cell apoptosis. Microarray analysis revealed that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) was significantly increased by hypaconitine. The cytoplasmic relocation and extracellular release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1, an HDAC3 downstream effector) in endothelial cells were significantly increased by oxLDL and markedly decreased by hypaconitine. The effect of hypaconitine on the oxLDL-induced apoptosis and HMGB1 release in endothelial cells was significantly reduced by the suppression of HDAC3 by siRNA or a specific inhibitor. Thus, this study proves that the histone deacetylase-HMGB1 pathway targeted by hypaconitine suppresses the apoptosis of endothelial cells. Our findings are of therapeutic significance and provide the potential of hypaconitine exploitation. Impact statement First, our study shows the antiapoptosis effect of Aconitum carmichaelii and its active component hypaconitine on endothelial cells. It may provide new strategies for the treatment of diseases involving endothelium damage. Second, this finding indicates the function of hypaconitine in regulating HDAC3-HMGB1 pathway, which suggests a new anti-inflammatory therapy. Third, due to its poisonousness, A. carmichaelii is always used with caution in clinics. Thus, the identification of hypaconitine as an active component of A. carmichaelii could contribute to the development of toxicity-decreasing procedure for A. carmichaelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Bai
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shaohui Du
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Fei Li
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Fengyuan Huang
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Rudong Deng
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Xu J, Chen HB, Li SL. Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of the Interplay Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1140-1185. [PMID: 28052344 DOI: 10.1002/med.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) are much appreciated for their significant contribution to human survival and reproduction by remedial and prophylactic management of diseases. Defining the scientific basis of HMs will substantiate their value and promote their modernization. Ever-increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in HM therapy by complicated interplay with HM components. This interplay includes such activities as: gut microbiota biotransforming HM chemicals into metabolites that harbor different bioavailability and bioactivity/toxicity from their precursors; HM chemicals improving the composition of gut microbiota, consequently ameliorating its dysfunction as well as associated pathological conditions; and gut microbiota mediating the interactions (synergistic and antagonistic) between the multiple chemicals in HMs. More advanced experimental designs are recommended for future study, such as overall chemical characterization of gut microbiota-metabolized HMs, direct microbial analysis of HM-targeted gut microbiota, and precise gut microbiota research model development. The outcomes of such research can further elucidate the interactions between HMs and gut microbiota, thereby opening a new window for defining the scientific basis of HMs and for guiding HM-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China.,Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China
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Effects of Active Components of Fuzi and Gancao Compatibility on Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 in Chronic Heart Failure Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7686045. [PMID: 28053643 PMCID: PMC5178377 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7686045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypaconitine (HA) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) are active components of Fuzi (Aconitum carmichaelii) and Gancao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch); they have been used in compatibility for chronic heart failure (CHF) from ancient times. The purpose of the present research was to explore whether apoptosis pathways were related with the protective effects of HA + GA against CHF rats or not. The rats were progressed with transverse-aortic constriction (TAC) operation for 4 weeks to build the CHF state, and then the Digoxin (1 mg/kg), HA (2.07 mg/kg), GA (25 mg/kg), and HA (2.07 mg/kg) + GA (25 mg/kg) were orally administrated to rats for 1 week. The levels of BNP and cTnI in the plasma were decreased in the HA + GA group, and the heart/body weight ratio (H/B) and left ventricular (LV) parameters of transthoracic echocardiography were also declined; moreover, the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were all improved in the HA + GA group than other groups in the immunohistochemistry and western blot methods. In general, the data suggested that Fuzi and Gancao compatibility could protect the CHF rats from apoptosis, which provided a strong evidence for further searching for mechanisms of them.
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Sun B, Wang X, Cao R, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Xu M, Zhang M, Du X, Dong F, Yan X. NMR-based metabonomics study on the effect of Gancao in the attenuation of toxicity in rats induced by Fuzi. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:617-626. [PMID: 27746335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzi, the processed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, is a traditional Chinese medicine used for its analgesic, antipyretic, anti-rheumatoid arthritis and anti-inflammation effects; however, it is also well known for its toxicity. Gancao, the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., is often used concurrently with Fuzi to alleviate its toxicity. However, the mechanism of detoxication is still not well clear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the effect of Gancao on the metabolic changes induced by Fuzi was investigated by NMR-based metabonomic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (group A: control, group B: Fuzi decoction alone, group C: Gancao decoction alone, group D: Fuzi decoction and Gancao decoction simultaneously, group E: Fuzi decoction 5h after Gancao decoction) and urine samples were collected for NMR-based metabolic profiling analysis. Statistical analyses such as unsupervised PCA, t-test, hierarchical cluster, and pathway analysis were used to detect the effects of Gancao on the metabolic changes induced by Fuzi. RESULTS The behavioral and biochemical characteristics showed that Fuzi exhibited toxic effects on treated rats (group B) and statistical analyses showed that their metabolic profiles were in contrast to those in groups A and C. However, when Fuzi was administered with Gancao, the metabolic profiles became similar to controls, whereby Gancao reduced the levels of trimethylamine N-oxide, betaine, dimethylglycine, valine, acetoacetate, citrate, fumarate, 2-ketoglutarate and hippurate, and regulated the concentrations of taurine and 3-hydroxybutyrate, resulting in a decrease in toxicity. Furthermore, important pathways that are known to be involved in the effect of Gancao on Fuzi, including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, and the TCA cycle, were altered in co-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Gancao treatment mitigated the metabolic changes altered by Fuzi administration in rats, demonstrating that dosing with Gancao could reduce the toxicity of Fuzi at the metabolic level. Fuzi and Gancao administered simultaneously resulted in improved toxicity reduction than when Gancao was administrated 5h prior to Fuzi. In summary, co-administration of Gancao with Fuzi reduces toxicity at the metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Xubin Wang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Ruili Cao
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Qiao Liu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China; Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou 423000, PR China.
| | - Meifeng Xu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shengyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiangbo Du
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Fangting Dong
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Xianzhong Yan
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Zhou J, Liu J, Lin D, Gao G, Wang H, Guo J, Rao P, Ke L. Boiling-induced nanoparticles and their constitutive proteins from Isatis indigotica Fort. root decoction: Purification and identification. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 7:178-187. [PMID: 28417088 PMCID: PMC5388084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidal particles are essential components of sun-dried Isatis indigotica Fort. roots (Ban-Lan-Gen in Chinese, BLG) decoction. Nanoparticles (NPs) were isolated from BLG decoction with size exclusion chromatography and characterized. Their average diameter is ∼120 nm, reversibly responding to pH and temperature changes. They promoted the growth of normal cells but suppressed that of cancerogenic cells and macrophages. Two constitutive glycated proteins were identified from the NPs, namely BLGP1 and BLGP2. Their N-terminal amino acid sequences were V-X-R-E-V-V-K-D-I and V-V-R-E-V-V-K-D-I-A-G-A-V-Q-T-N-E-Q-Y. Their full-length cDNA sequences were cloned to obtain the highly homological amino acid sequences of non-glycated proteins, whose theoretical molecular weights are 21831.64 Da and 21841.67 Da. Using pepsin hydrolysis and mass spectrometry, four possible glycation adducts were identified in BLGP1, whereas one in BLGP2. To conclude, bioactive nanoparticles isolated from the herbal decoction are intelligent nanoassemblies composed of a new boiling-stable protein. Glycation plays a critical role in heat-induced formation of these nanoassemblies. The novel, intelligent, safe and stable nano-carriers for drug delivery may be developed using BLG NPs as prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Zhou
- SIBS, CAS-ZJGSU Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jie Liu
- SIBS, CAS-ZJGSU Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Dai Lin
- SIBS, CAS-ZJGSU Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Guanzhen Gao
- SIBS, CAS-ZJGSU Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- SIBS, CAS-ZJGSU Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jingke Guo
- SIBS, CAS-ZJGSU Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Pingfan Rao
- SIBS, CAS-ZJGSU Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lijing Ke
- SIBS, CAS-ZJGSU Joint Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
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Bioactive heterocyclic alkaloids with diterpene structure isolated from traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang H, Sun S, Zhang W, Xie X, Zhu Z, Chai Y, Zhang G. Biological activities and pharmacokinetics of aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine after oral administration in rats. Drug Test Anal 2015; 8:839-46. [PMID: 26360128 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200438 China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Sen Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiangqun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy; Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yifeng Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200438 China
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You Q, Ma ZC, Wang YG, Hu DH, Liang QD, Xiao CR, Tan HL, Tang XL, Gao Y. Panax ginseng inhibits intestinal absorption of toxic Aconitum carmichaeli alkaloids in Vitro. Chin J Integr Med 2015. [PMID: 26272549 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the rationality and compatibility of Shenfu Formula (, SFF), a typical Chinese medicine (CM) comprised of Panax ginseng and Aconitum carmichaeli. METHODS Caco-2 cells were used to study the permeability of Aconitum carmichaeli marker compounds when the CM preparation was combined with Panax ginseng. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity and protein as well as multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) mRNA were analyzed with rhodamine123 efflflux, western blot and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MA), hypaconitine (HA) and fifive other active alkaloids in Aconitum carmichaeli were selected as marker compounds. Panax ginseng inhibited intestinal absorption of highly toxic AC, MA and HA from Aconitum carmichaeli in Caco-2 cells. P-gp and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were observed to be involved in AC, MA and HA efflflux. Panax ginseng induced P-gp activity in Caco-2 cells via increased MDR1/P-gp expression. Thus, Panax ginseng facilitated P-gp-mediated efflflux of toxic Aconitum carmichaeli alkaloids and restricted their intestinal absorption without inflfluencing other active components. CONCLUSION Future studies to elucidate mechanism of reduced toxicity of Aconitum carmichaeli when combined with Panax ginseng will guide future formula optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
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Serum Pharmacochemistry Analysis Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS after Oral Administration to Rats of Shenfu Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:973930. [PMID: 26273317 PMCID: PMC4530229 DOI: 10.1155/2015/973930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to study the serum pharmacochemistry of SFD as well as the material basis through analyzing the constituents absorbed in blood. The SFD was orally administrated to Wistar rats at 20 g·kg−1, and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) fingerprints of SFD were created. Serum samples were collected for analysis, and further data processing used MarkerLynx XS software. 19 ginsenosides and 16 alkaloids were detected in SFD. The absorption of alkaloids (mainly monoester diterpenoid alkaloids) increased when Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. was combined with Panax ginseng, while the ginsenosides remained stable. Diester diterpenoid alkaloids were not present in the serum samples. A suitable serum pharmacochemistry method was successfully established to study pharmacological effects and potential improvements in formulation. This may also be useful for toxicity reduction. We suspect that the increased absorption of the monoester diterpenoid alkaloids from the mixture of Panax and Radix, compared to the Panax only extract, may be the reason for the combination of the two herbs in popular medicine formulas in China.
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