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Móritz AV, Kovács H, Jerzsele Á, Psáder R, Farkas O. Flavonoids in mitigating the adverse effects of canine endotoxemia. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1396870. [PMID: 39193369 PMCID: PMC11347451 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1396870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In dogs, chronic enteropathies, and impaired gut integrity, as well as microbiome imbalances, are a major problem. These conditions may represent a continuous low endotoxin load, which may result in the development of diseases that are attributable to chronic inflammation. Flavonoids are polyphenolic plant compounds with numerous beneficial properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. For our experiments, we isolated primary white blood cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) from healthy dogs and induced inflammation and oxidative stress with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In parallel, we treated the cell cultures with various flavonoids luteolin, quercetin and grape seed extract oligomeric proanthocyanidins (GSOP) alone and also in combination with LPS treatments. Then, changes in viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured in response to treatment with quercetin, luteolin and GSOP at 25 and 50 μg/mL concentrations. We found that ROS levels were significantly lower in groups which were treated by flavonoid and LPS at the same time compared to LPS-treated groups, whereas TNF-α levels were significantly reduced only by luteolin and quercetin treatment. In contrast, treatment with lower concentrations of GSOP caused an increase in TNF-α levels, while higher concentrations caused a significant decrease. These results suggest that the use of quercetin, luteolin and GSOP may be helpful in the management of chronic intestinal diseases in dogs with reduced intestinal barrier integrity or altered microbiome composition, or in the mitigation of chronic inflammatory processes maintained by endotoxemia. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma V. Móritz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hédi Kovács
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roland Psáder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Farkas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Aborode AT, Kumar N, Olowosoke CB, Ibisanmi TA, Ayoade I, Umar HI, Jamiu AT, Bolarinwa B, Olapade Z, Idowu AR, Adelakun IO, Onifade IA, Akangbe B, Abacheng M, Ikhimiukor OO, Awaji AA, Adesola RO. Predictive identification and design of potent inhibitors targeting resistance-inducing candidate genes from E. coli whole-genome sequences. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2024; 4:1411935. [PMID: 39132675 PMCID: PMC11310021 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2024.1411935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This work utilizes predictive modeling in drug discovery to unravel potential candidate genes from Escherichia coli that are implicated in antimicrobial resistance; we subsequently target the gidB, MacB, and KatG genes with some compounds from plants with reported antibacterial potentials. Method: The resistance genes and plasmids were identified from 10 whole-genome sequence datasets of E. coli; forty two plant compounds were selected, and their 3D structures were retrieved and optimized for docking. The 3D crystal structures of KatG, MacB, and gidB were retrieved and prepared for molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and ADMET profiling. Result: Hesperidin showed the least binding energy (kcal/mol) against KatG (-9.3), MacB (-10.7), and gidB (-6.7); additionally, good pharmacokinetic profiles and structure-dynamics integrity with their respective protein complexes were observed. Conclusion: Although these findings suggest hesperidin as a potential inhibitor against MacB, gidB, and KatG in E. coli, further validations through in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed. This research is expected to provide an alternative avenue for addressing existing antimicrobial resistances associated with E. coli's MacB, gidB, and KatG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles’ College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Christopher Busayo Olowosoke
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Molecular Therapeutics, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | | | - Islamiyyah Ayoade
- Computer-Aided Therapeutic Discovery and Design Platform, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Haruna Isiyaku Umar
- Computer-Aided Therapeutic Discovery and Design Platform, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Temitope Jamiu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Basit Bolarinwa
- College of Medicine, Richmond Gabriel University, Richmond, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
| | - Zainab Olapade
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Lamar, TX, United States
| | - Abidemi Ruth Idowu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ibrahim O. Adelakun
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | | | - Benjamin Akangbe
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Modesta Abacheng
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Odion O. Ikhimiukor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Aeshah A. Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Thumann TA, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Kumpitsch C, Duller S, Högenauer C, Kump P, Aziz-Kalbhenn H, Ammar RM, Rabini S, Moissl-Eichinger C, Bauer R. Rapid biotransformation of STW 5 constituents by human gut microbiome from IBS- and non-IBS donors. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0403123. [PMID: 38738925 PMCID: PMC11237759 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04031-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
STW 5, a blend of nine medicinal plant extracts, exhibits promising efficacy in treating functional gastrointestinal disorders, notably irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Nonetheless, its effects on the gastrointestinal microbiome and the role of microbiota on the conversion of its constituents are still largely unexplored. This study employed an experimental ex vivo model to investigate STW 5's differential effects on fecal microbial communities and metabolite production in samples from individuals with and without IBS. Using 560 fecal microcosms (IBS patients, n = 6; healthy controls, n = 10), we evaluated the influence of pre-digested STW 5 and controls on microbial and metabolite composition at time points 0, 0.5, 4, and 24 h. Our findings demonstrate the potential of this ex vivo platform to analyze herbal medicine turnover within 4 h with minimal microbiome shifts due to abiotic factors. While only minor taxonomic disparities were noted between IBS- and non-IBS samples and upon treatment with STW 5, rapid metabolic turnover of STW 5 components into specific degradation products, such as 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, davidigenin, herniarin, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, and 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid occurred. For davidigenin, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, or spasmolytic activities have been previously described. Notably, the microbiome-driven metabolic transformation did not induce a global microbiome shift, and the detected metabolites were minimally linked to specific taxa. Observed biotransformations were independent of IBS diagnosis, suggesting potential benefits for IBS patients from biotransformation products of STW 5. IMPORTANCE STW 5 is an herbal medicinal product with proven clinical efficacy in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders, like functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The effects of STW 5 on fecal microbial communities and metabolite production effects have been studied in an experimental model with fecal samples from individuals with and without IBS. While only minor taxonomic disparities were noted between IBS- and non-IBS samples and upon treatment with STW 5, rapid metabolic turnover of STW 5 components into specific degradation products with reported anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, or spasmolytic activities was observed, which may be relevant for the pharmacological activity of STW 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo A. Thumann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Kumpitsch
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Duller
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Patrizia Kump
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heba Aziz-Kalbhenn
- Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Bayer Consumer Health, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ramy M. Ammar
- Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Bayer Consumer Health, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sabine Rabini
- Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Bayer Consumer Health, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
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Guo Y, Wu Y, Huang T, Huang D, Zeng Q, Wang Z, Hu Y, Liang P, Chen H, Zheng Z, Liang T, Zhai D, Jiang C, Liu L, Zhu H, Liu Q. Licorice flavonoid ameliorates ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by suppressing apoptosis via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117739. [PMID: 38301986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice is the dry roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., which was first recorded in Shengnong's herbal classic. Licorice flavonoid (LF) is the main compound isolated from licorice with an indispensable action in treating gastric ulcer (GU). However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate and further elucidate the mechanisms of LF against ethanol-induced GU using an integrated approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-GU effects of LF were evaluated in an ethanol-induced gastric injury rat model. Then, the metabolomics approach was applied to explore the specific metabolites and metabolic pathways. Next, the network pharmacology combined with metabolomics strategy was employed to predict the targets and pathways of LF for GU. Finally, these predictions were validated by molecular docking, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. RESULTS LF had a positive impact on gastric injury and regulated the expression of GU-related factors. Upon serum metabolomics analysis, 25 metabolic biomarkers of LF in GU treatment were identified, which were primarily involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and other related processes. Subsequently, a "components-targets-metabolites" network was constructed, revealing six key targets (HSP90AA1, AKT1, MAPK1, EGFR, ESR1, PIK3CA) that may be associated with GU treatment. More importantly, KEGG analysis highlighted the importance of the PI3K/AKT pathway including key targets, as a critical route through which LF exerted its anti-GU effects. Molecular docking analyses confirmed that the core components of LF exhibited a strong affinity for key targets. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and western blotting results indicated that LF could reverse the expression of these targets, activate the PI3K/AKT pathway, and ultimately reduce apoptosis. CONCLUSION LF exerted a gastroprotective effect against gastric ulcer induced by ethanol, and the therapeutic mechanism may involve improving metabolism and suppressing apoptosis through the PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tairun Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Dehao Huang
- Huizhou Jiuhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peiyi Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongkai Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zeying Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tao Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dan Zhai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Kaspute G, Arunagiri BD, Alexander R, Ramanavicius A, Samukaite-Bubniene U. Development of Essential Oil Delivery Systems by 'Click Chemistry' Methods: Possible Ways to Manage Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6537. [PMID: 37834674 PMCID: PMC10573547 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, rare diseases have received attention due to the need for improvement in diagnosed patients' and their families' lives. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, severe, progressive, muscle-wasting disease. Today, the therapeutic standard for treating DMD is corticosteroids, which cause serious adverse side effects. Nutraceuticals, e.g., herbal extracts or essential oils (EOs), are possible active substances to develop new drug delivery systems to improve DMD patients' lives. New drug delivery systems lead to new drug effects, improved safety and accuracy, and new therapies for rare diseases. Herbal extracts and EOs combined with click chemistry can lead to the development of safer treatments for DMD. In this review, we focus on the need for novel drug delivery systems using EOs as the therapy for DMD and the potential use of click chemistry for drug delivery systems. New EO complex drug delivery systems may offer a new approach for improving muscle conditions and mental health issues associated with DMD. However, further research should identify the potential of these systems in the context of DMD. In this review, we discuss possibilities for applying EOs to DMD before implementing expensive research in a theoretical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Kaspute
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekis av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Bharani Dharan Arunagiri
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rakshana Alexander
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekis av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekis av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
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Zhang MM, Gong ZC, Zhao Q, Xu DQ, Fu RJ, Tang YP, Chen YY. Time-dependent laxative effect of sennoside A, the core functional component of rhubarb, is attributed to gut microbiota and aquaporins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 311:116431. [PMID: 37003403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sennoside A is a natural anthraquinone component mainly derived from rhubarb and has been routinely used as a clinical stimulant laxative. However, long-term application of sennoside A may lead to drug resistance and even adverse reactions, thus limiting its clinical use. Therefore, to reveal the time-dependent laxative effect and potential mechanism of sennoside A is of critical importance. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to investigate the time-dependent laxative effect of sennoside A and unveil its underlying mechanism from the perspective of gut microbiota and aquaporins (AQPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on a mouse constipation model, 2.6 mg/kg sennoside A was administered orally for 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. The laxative effect was assessed by the fecal index and fecal water content, the histopathology of the small intestine and colon was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Gut microbiota changes was observed by 16S rDNA sequencing, and colonic AQPs expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was used to screen out the effective indicators contributing to the laxative effect of sennoside A. The effective indicators were then fitted to time by a drug-time curve model to analyze the trend of efficacy of sennoside A, and the optimal time of administration was derived by comprehensive analysis with a three-dimensional (3D) time-effect image. RESULTS Sennoside A had a significant laxative effect at 7 days of administration with no pathological changes in the small intestine or colon; however, at 14 or 21 days of administration, the laxative effect diminished and slight damage to the colon was observed. Sennoside A affects the structure and function of gut microbes. The alpha diversity showed that the abundance and diversity of gut microorganisms reached the highest value after 7 days of administration. Partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that the composition of the flora was close to normal when administered for less than 7 days, but was closest to the composition of constipation over 7 days. The expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and aquaporin 7 (AQP7) decreased gradually after the administration of sennoside A, with the lowest expression at 7 days, and then increased gradually afterwards, while the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) was the opposite. The PLSR results showed that AQP1, AQP3, Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, Akkermansia and UCG_005 contributed more to the laxative effect of the fecal index, and after fitting with the drug-time curve model, each index showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The comprehensive evaluation of the 3D time-effect image concluded that the laxative effect of sennoside A reached its best after 7 days of administration. CONCLUSION Sennoside A should be used in regular dosages for less than one week, as it provides significant relief of constipation and exhibits no colonic damage within 7 days of administration. In addition, Sennoside A exerts its laxative effect by regulating gut microbiota of Lactobacillus Romboutsia, Akkermansia and UCG_005 and water channels of AQP1 and AQP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Gong
- Wuxi Institute of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, and Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China; Wuxi Institute of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, and Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu Province, China.
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7
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Gut microbial modulation by culinary herbs and spices. Food Chem 2023; 409:135286. [PMID: 36599291 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Culinary herbs and spices have previously been recognised for their potential impact on health through antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. They may also be promotors of positive microbial modulation by stimulating beneficial gut bacteria during fermentation, increasing the production of short chain fatty acids and thereby exhibiting a prebiotic effect. In the present paper, current literature around herb and spice consumption, gut microbiota modulation and prospective health benefits were reviewed. Herb and spice consumption can positively modulate gut microbes and possibly play an important role in inflammation related afflictions such as obesity. Current literature indicates that few human studies have been conducted to confirm the impact of herb and spice consumption on gut microbiota in connection with prospective health outcomes and inconsistencies in conclusions therefore remain.
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8
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Baslam A, Aitbaba A, Lamrani Hanchi A, Tazart Z, Aboufatima R, Soraa N, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Boussaa S, Baslam M, Chait A. Modulation of Gut Microbiome in Ecstasy/MDMA-Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Impairment in Rats and Potential of Post-Treatment with Anacyclus pyrethrum L. Aqueous Extract to Mitigate Adverse Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109086. [PMID: 37240429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of illicit substances continues to pose a substantial threat to global health, affecting millions of individuals annually. Evidence suggests the existence of a 'brain-gut axis' as the involving connection between the central nervous system and gut microbiome (GM). Dysbiosis of the GM has been associated with the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including metabolic, malignant, and inflammatory conditions. However, little is currently known about the involvement of this axis in modulating the GM in response to psychoactive substances. In this study, we investigated the effect of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, "Ecstasy")-dependence on the behavioral and biochemical responses, and the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiome in rats post-treated (or not) with aqueous extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum (AEAP), which has been reported to exhibit anticonvulsant activity. The dependency was validated using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, behavioral, and biochemical tests, while the gut microbiota was identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The CPP and behavioral tests confirmed the presence of MDMA withdrawal syndrome. Interestingly, treatment with AEAP led to a compositional shift in the GM compared to the MDMA-treated rats. Specifically, the AEAP group yielded a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter, while animals receiving MDMA had higher levels of E. coli. These findings suggest that A. pyrethrum therapy may directly modulate the gut microbiome, highlighting a potential target for regulating and treating substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmounaim Baslam
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelfatah Aitbaba
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Asmae Lamrani Hanchi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Tazart
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida 2080, Malta
| | - Rachida Aboufatima
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Nabila Soraa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment & Agri-Food URAC 36, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques-Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20000, Morocco
| | - Samia Boussaa
- ISPITS-Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- Centre d'Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Abderrahman Chait
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
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Mitropoulou G, Stavropoulou E, Vaou N, Tsakris Z, Voidarou C, Tsiotsias A, Tsigalou C, Taban BM, Kourkoutas Y, Bezirtzoglou E. Insights into Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Applications of Plant Bioactive Compounds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1156. [PMID: 37317131 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have long been thought to contribute to health promotion due to their fiber and phenolic content, as well as their inherent biological potential. The bioactive derivatives of medicinal plants are a valuable resource in the fight against serious diseases all around the world. The present review focuses on the current state of knowledge on the usage and medicinal applications of plant bioactives. Issues concerning the effect of aromatic plant derivatives on human gut microbiota and their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potentials are discussed and worth further exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregoria Mitropoulou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 1101 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Vaou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Zacharias Tsakris
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysa Voidarou
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece
| | - Arsenis Tsiotsias
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Western Macedonia, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Birce Mercanoglou Taban
- Dairy Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Veterinary and Agriculture Campus, Ankara University, Diskapi, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Applications of Perilla frutescens Extracts in Clinical Practice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030727. [PMID: 36978975 PMCID: PMC10045045 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. is an important pharmaceutical crop that remains a focus point for researchers worldwide due to its complex phytochemical constituents, medicinal effects, and nutraceutical properties. The literature data are based on animal and cell culture studies, so the clinical evidence for the therapeutic effects is poorly outlined. The aim of this review was to provide an updated and thorough understanding of Perilla frutescens applications in clinical practice using data derived from human studies, and to outline the potential directions and perspectives for further studies on this crop. (2) Methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were used to find relevant studies. All interventional studies that evaluated the effect of Perilla frutescens in human subjects were assessed. (3) Results: The main perspectives that can be contoured from the presented literature evaluation are an important clinical effect of Perilla frutescens extracts on allergic rhinoconjuctivitis, especially in young populations, a potent hypolipemiant effect that, in conjunction with increased serum biological antioxidant potential, determines significant improvements in cognitive function and a wide variety of miscellaneous clinical effects that need further exploration. (4) Conclusions: Supplementary research is needed in order to demonstrate the therapeutic effects of Perilla frutescens in controlled clinical settings.
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Sharma R, Singh S, Tewari N, Dey P. A toxic shrub turned therapeutic: The dichotomy of Nerium oleander bioactivities. Toxicon 2023; 224:107047. [PMID: 36706925 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nerium oleander L. is a medicinal plant, used for the treatment of cancers and hyperglycemia across the world, especially in Indian sub-continent, Turkey, Morocco, and China. Although clinical studies supporting its pharmacological effects remain critically underexplored, accidental and intentional consumption of any part of the plant causes fatal toxicity in animals and humans. While the polyphenolic fraction of oleander leaves has been attributed to its pre-clinical pharmacological activities, the presence of diverse cardiac glycosides (especially oleandrin) causes apoptosis to cancer cells in vitro and results in clinical signs of oleander poisoning. Thus, the dual pharmacological and toxicological role of oleander is a perplexing dichotomy in phytotherapy. The current investigative review, therefore, intended to analyze the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that likely contribute to this conundrum. Especially by focusing on gut microbial diversity, abundance, and metabolic functions, oleander-associated pharmacological and toxicological studies have been critically analyzed to define the dual effects of oleander. Electronic databases were extensively screened for relevant research articles (including pre-clinical and clinical) related to oleander bioactivities and toxicity. Taxonomic preference was given to the plant N. oleander L. and synonymous plants as per 'The World Flora Online' database (WCSP record #135196). Discussion on yellow oleander (Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold) has intentionally been avoided since it is a different plant. The review indicates that the gut microbiota likely plays a key role in differentially modulating the pharmacological and toxicological effects of oleander. Other factors identified influencing the oleander bioactivities include dose and mode of treatment, cardiac glycoside pharmacokinetics, host-endogenous glycosides, plant material processing and phytochemical extraction methods, plant genotypic variations, environmental effects on the phytochemical quality and quantity, gene expression variations, host dietary patterns and co-morbidity, etc. The arguments proposed are also relevant to other medicinal plants containing toxic cardiac glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India.
| | - Nisha Tewari
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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12
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Korczak M, Pilecki M, Granica S, Gorczynska A, Pawłowska KA, Piwowarski JP. Phytotherapy of mood disorders in the light of microbiota-gut-brain axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154642. [PMID: 36641978 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical research in natural product-based psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising herbal medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of mild mood disorders, however failed to unambiguously indicate pharmacologically active constituents. The emerging role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis opens new possibilities in the search for effective methods of treatment and prevention of mood disorders. PURPOSE Considering the clinically proven effectiveness juxtaposed with inconsistencies regarding the indication of active principles for many medicinal plants applied in the treatment of anxiety and depression, the aim of the review is to look at their therapeutic properties from the perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. METHOD A literature-based survey was performed using Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases. The current state of knowledge regarding Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis, Piper methysticum, Passiflora incarnata, Humulus lupulus, Melissa officinalis, Lavandula officinalis, and Rhodiola rosea in terms of their antimicrobial activity, bioavailability, clinical effectiveness in depression/anxiety and gut microbiota - natural products interaction was summarized and analyzed. RESULTS Recent studies have provided direct and indirect evidence that herbal extracts and isolated compounds are potent modulators of gut microbiota structure. Additionally, some of the formed postbiotic metabolites exert positive effects and ameliorate depression-related behaviors in animal models of mood disorders. The review underlines the gap in research on natural products - gut microbiota interaction in the context of mood disorders. CONCLUSION Modification of microbiota-gut-brain axis by natural products is a plausible explanation of their therapeutic properties. Future studies evaluating the effectiveness of herbal medicine and isolated compounds in treating mild mood disorders should consider the bidirectional interplay between phytoconstituents and the gut microbiota community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Korczak
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Pilecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gorczynska
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina A Pawłowska
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Mansi K, Kumar R, Jindal N, Singh K. Biocompatible nanocarriers an emerging platform for augmenting the antiviral attributes of bioactive polyphenols: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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14
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Mattioli LB, Corazza I, Micucci M, Pallavicini M, Budriesi R. Tannins-Based Extracts: Effects on Gut Chicken Spontaneous Contractility. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010395. [PMID: 36615589 PMCID: PMC9824427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The impossibility of using drugs for the health of farm animals leads to the search for alternative strategies with two purposes: to maintain animal health and safeguard human health. In this perspective, tannins have shown great promises. These phytocomplexes obtained from natural matrices with multiple health properties may be used as a feed supplement in chicken farms. In this work, we studied two tannin-based extracts (from Castanea sativa Mill. wood and from Schinopsis balansae Engl. Quebracho Colorado hardwood) with different chemical compositions on the spontaneous contractility on the isolated intestinal tissues of healthy chicken. The results showed that the chemical composition of the two phytocomplexes influenced the spontaneous intestinal contractility in different ways by regulating the tone and consequent progression of the food bolus. The chemical analysis of the two extracts revealed that Castanea sativa Mill. wood mainly contains hydrolysable tannins, while Schinopsis balansae Engl. hardwood mainly contains condensed tannins. The two phytocomplexes showed different effects towards gastrointestinal smooth muscle contractility, with Castanea sativa Mill. wood providing a better activity profile than Schinopsis balansae Engl. hardwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beatrice Mattioli
- Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.B.)
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15
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Zhang S, Chen Y, McClements DJ, Hou T, Geng F, Chen P, Chen H, Xie B, Sun Z, Tang H, Pei Y, Quan S, Yu X, Deng Q. Composition, processing, and quality control of whole flaxseed products used to fortify foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:587-614. [PMID: 36529880 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Whole flaxseed (flour) as a good source of omega-3 fatty acid and phytochemicals with excellent nutritional and functional attributes has been used to enrich foods for health promotion and disease prevention. However, several limitations and contemporary challenges still impact the development of whole flaxseed (flour)-enriched products on the global market, such as naturally occurring antinutritional factors and entrapment of nutrients within food matrix. Whole flaxseed (flour) with different existing forms could variably alter the techno-functional performance of food matrix, and ultimately affect the edible qualities of fortified food products. The potential interaction mechanism between the subject and object components in fortified products has not been elucidated yet. Hence, in this paper, the physical structure and component changes of flaxseed (flour) by pretreatments coupled with their potential influences on the edible qualities of multiple fortified food products were summarized and analyzed. In addition, several typical food products, including baked, noodle, and dairy products were preferentially selected to investigate the potential influencing mechanisms of flaxseed (flour) on different substrate components. In particular, the altered balance between water absorption of flaxseed protein/gum polysaccharides and the interruption of gluten network, lipid lubrication, lipid-amylose complexes, syneresis, and so forth, were thoroughly elucidated. The overall impact of incorporating whole flaxseed (flour) on the quality and nutritional attributes of fortified food products, coupled with the possible solutions against negative influences are aimed. This paper could provide useful information for expanding the application of whole flaxseed (flour) based on the optimal edible and nutritional properties of fortified food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China.,Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yashu Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Tao Hou
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjian Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China
| | - Bijun Xie
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhida Sun
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hu Tang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqiong Pei
- Department of Food Technology, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Quan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China.,College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, China
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Evaluation of a Polyherbal Formulation on the Management of Migraine Headaches due to Functional Dyspepsia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9872933. [PMID: 36510578 PMCID: PMC9741544 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9872933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
A holistic concept based on traditional Persian medicine (TPM) describes a headache with a gastrointestinal (GI) origin (gastric-headache). Although the neurological manifestations of this headache are similar to those of other headaches, its etiology is different. Considering its simultaneous effects on the brain and GI system, a formulation was designed based on this concept. This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of the designed formulation on migraine headache (MH) associated with functional dyspepsia (FD). A total of 75 diagnosed cases of MH patients with concurrent FD were randomly divided equally into 3 groups: (i) the polyherbal formulation, sodium valproate (VPA), and amitriptyline group, (ii) VPA, amitriptyline, and polyherbal formulation placebo group, and (iii) the polyherbal formulation and VPA placebo group. The primary outcomes, including frequency, duration, and severity of MH attacks, were measured at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12. However, secondary outcomes, including the Headache Impact Test 6 (HIT-6) Questionnaire and Parkman's score, were evaluated at baseline and end of treatment. The frequency, duration, and severity of migraine (P < 0.001 for all cases), HIT-6 (P < 0.001 for all cases), and FD (P < 0.001 for all cases) scores at the end of treatment showed a significant decrease in the 3 groups compared to the baseline. However, the differences in those variables between the 3 groups were not significant at the end of the study. The polyherbal formulation alone may improve the symptoms of migraine patients and other groups. This effect could be due to improving digestion and FD in migraine patients.
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Nasir Ahmed M, Hughes K. Role of ethno-phytomedicine knowledge in healthcare of COVID-19: advances in traditional phytomedicine perspective. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 11:96. [PMID: 35966214 PMCID: PMC9362587 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, ethnomedicinal plants have been used in diverse geographical locations for their purported prophylactic and pharmacological effects. Medicinal plants have been relied on by people around the globe for centuries, as 80% of the world’s population rely on herbal medicines for some aspect of their primary health care needs, according to the World Health Organization.
Main body This review portrays advances in traditional phytomedicine by bridging the knowledge of ethno-phytomedicine and COVID-19 healthcare. Ethnomedicinal plants have been used for symptoms related to COVID-19 as antiviral, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antipyretic, and lung–gut immune boosters. Traditionally used medicinal plants have the ability to inhibit virus entry and viral assembly, bind to spike proteins, membrane proteins, and block viral replications and enzymes. The efficacy of traditional medicinal plants in the terms of COVID-19 management can be evaluated by in vitro, in vivo as well as different in silico techniques (molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, machine learning, etc.) which have been applied extensively to the quest and design of effective biotherapeutics rapidly. Other advances in traditional phytomedicines against COVID-19 are controlled clinical trials, and notably the roles in the gut microbiome. Targeting the gut microbiome via medicinal plants as prebiotics is also found to be an alternative and potential strategy in the search for a COVID-19 combat strategy. Conclusions Since medicinal plants are the sources of modern biotherapeutics development, it is essential to build collaborations among ethnobotanists, scientists, and technologists toward developing the most efficient and the safest adjuvant therapeutics against the pandemic of the twenty-first century, COVID-19.
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Shi G, Kong J, Wang Y, Xuan Z, Xu F. Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice through inhibiting of NF-κB signaling pathways and modulating intestinal microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115640. [PMID: 36030029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice is widely used in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for compound compatibility, which could reduce toxicity and increase efficacy of certain herbal medicine, and its active components prominently effects of inhibit of inflammation and regulate of immunity. AIM OF THE STUDY The study probed into the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of licorice based on the domination of the T helper type 17/regulatory T cells (Th17/Treg) differentiation balance and the composition and structure of the intestinal flora through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were inoculated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to establish animal models of ulcerative colitis (UC). For the pharmacodynamic study, UC mice were observed for the anti-inflammatory effect of licorice water extraction (LWE) in vivo, including clinical observation and measurement of colon length. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate pathological conditions. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to observe the intestinal barrier of the colons. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured using with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The proportions of T helper (Th) cells in the colons was assessed using flow cytometry. Gut microbiota diversity was detected using 16S ribosomal (r)DNA sequencing. In addition, Western blot (WB) assays were used to verify ROR-γt, Foxp3, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB expression according to a standard protocol. RESULTS LWE exerted a pharmacological anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating inflammation in the colonic tissues through affecting the protein expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, and increasing the expression of tight junction (TJ) protein in the colons, improving the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier in vivo. Moreover, LWE reversed the imbalance in Th17/Treg cells differentiation and influenced the protein expression of ROR-γt and Foxp3 in UC mouse colons. In particular, LWE significantly affected the diversity of the gut microbiota in UC mice, ameliorated the composition of dominant species, and significantly increased the type and quantity of probiotics. CONCLUSION Licorice tends to reduce inflammation and enhance the protective action of the intestinal mucosal barrier via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal transduction pathway and alter the imbalance of Th-cell differentiation. Notably, licorice may affect the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the content of beneficial bacteria in the colon, which is a potential mechanism for understanding anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in UC mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Jinrong Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Zihua Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
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Chen W, Liao L, Huang Z, Lu Y, Lin Y, Pei Y, Yi S, Huang C, Cao H, Tan B. Patchouli alcohol improved diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by regulating excitatory neurotransmission in the myenteric plexus of rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:943119. [PMID: 36452228 PMCID: PMC9703083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.943119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is usually associated with chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Its most common subtype is accompanied with diarrhea (IBS-D). The enteric nervous system (ENS) modulates major gastrointestinal motility and functions whose aberration may induce IBS-D. The enteric neurons are susceptible to long-term neurotransmitter level alterations. The patchouli alcohol (PA), extracted from Pogostemonis Herba, has been reported to regulate neurotransmitter release in the ENS, while its effectiveness against IBS-D and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Experimental Approach: In this study, we established an IBS-D model in rats through chronic restraint stress. We administered the rats with 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of PA for intestinal and visceral examinations. The longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP) neurons were further immunohistochemically stained for quantitative, morphological, and neurotransmitters analyses. Key Results: We found that PA decreased visceral sensitivity, diarrhea symptoms and intestinal transit in the IBS-D rats. Meanwhile, 10 and 20 mg/kg of PA significantly reduced the proportion of excitatory LMMP neurons in the distal colon, decreased the number of acetylcholine (Ach)- and substance P (SP)-positive neurons in the distal colon and restored the levels of Ach and SP in the IBS-D rats. Conclusion and Implications: These findings indicated that PA modulated LMMP excitatory neuron activities, improved intestinal motility and alleviated IBS-induced diarrheal symptoms, suggesting the potential therapeutic efficacy of PA against IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Chen
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Huang
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Lu
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukang Lin
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicines, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Pei
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Yi
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Research Centre of Basic Intergrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Dressler J, Storz MA, Müller C, Kandil FI, Kessler CS, Michalsen A, Jeitler M. Does a Plant-Based Diet Stand Out for Its Favorable Composition for Heart Health? Dietary Intake Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:4597. [PMID: 36364858 PMCID: PMC9656677 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A plant-based diet (PBD) can provide numerous health benefits for patients with cardiovascular risk factors. However, an inadequately planned PBD also bear the potential for deficiencies in certain macro- and micronutrients. The present study analyzed nutrient profiles of individuals who adopted a PBD as part of the CardioVeg study. Participants with cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned to either a whole-food PBD intervention (n = 36; eight 90 min group meetings including two 120 min cooking sessions) or a control group asked to maintain an omnivorous diet (n = 34) for eight weeks. Food intake data were collected using three-day weighed food records and analyzed with NutriGuide software, including the German Nutrient Data Base (German: Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel). Nutrient intake was compared before and after eight weeks as well as between the groups. The results for both groups were then contrasted to the current dietary recommendations published by the societies for nutrition in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Moreover, anthropometric/laboratory data and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were determined at baseline and after 8 weeks. Data of a subsample (n = 18 in the PBD group and n = 19 in the control group) were used for the present analyses of the dietary intake data. A PBD yielded several benefits including (but not limited to) a lower energy density, a lower intake of cholesterol and saturated fat, an increased consumption of fiber, and a lower intake of salt. Recommended intakes of most vitamins and minerals were generally met, except for vitamin B12 in the PBD group. A low intake of several other critical nutrients (vitamin D, iodine) was observed in both groups. Compared with the control group, PBD resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose after 8 weeks. Overall, it can be concluded that a PBD had a more favorable nutrient composition for cardiovascular health than the omnivorous dietary pattern of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Dressler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Complementary Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Farid I. Kandil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian S. Kessler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Jeitler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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Plaha NS, Awasthi S, Sharma A, Kaushik N. Distribution, biosynthesis and therapeutic potential of lignans. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:255. [PMID: 36065422 PMCID: PMC9440181 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans have long been known for their abundant therapeutic properties due to their polyphenolic structure. Linseed is the richest plant source of lignans and has been studied widely for their properties. The most prevalent lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), is consumed with linseed and converted into mammalian lignans, enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), by the gut microbiota. SDG can easily be assessed using HPLC and its deglycosylated form viz secoisolariciresinol can be asses using GC-MS techniques. Variety of extraction and analysis methods has been reported for plant lignans. SDG is known to have therapeutic properties including anti-oxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, modulation of gene expression, anti-diabetic, estrogenic and anti-estrogenic. Despite a large number of bioactivities, strong evidences for the underlying mechanisms for most of the properties are still unknown. SDG is most studied for its anti-cancerous properties. But the use of lignans as anti-carcinogenic agent is limited and commercially not reported due to challenges of purification at commercial level, rapid metabolism, untargeted delivery and toxic compounds associated with lignans. Exploration of more prominent and active derivatives of SDG and their targeted drug delivery should be an important research toward the use of bioactive lignans of linseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Singh Plaha
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
| | - Sumegha Awasthi
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
| | - Ayushi Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
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Kleigrewe K, Haack M, Baudin M, Ménabréaz T, Crovadore J, Masri M, Beyrer M, Andlauer W, Lefort F, Dawid C, Brück TB, Brück WM. Dietary Modulation of the Human Gut Microbiota and Metabolome with Flaxseed Preparations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810473. [PMID: 36142393 PMCID: PMC9499670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseeds are typically consumed either as whole flaxseed, ground flaxseed, flaxseed oil, partially defatted flaxseed meal, or as a milk alternative. They are considered a rich source of vitamins, minerals, proteins and peptides, lipids, carbohydrates, lignans, and dietary fiber, which have shown hypolipidemic, antiatherogenic, anticholesterolemic, and anti-inflammatory property activity. Here, an in vitro batch culture model was used to investigate the influence of whole milled flaxseed and partially defatted milled flaxseed press cake on the gut microbiota and the liberation of flaxseed bioactives. Microbial communities were profiled using 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing with targeted mass spectrometry measuring lignan, cyclolinopeptide, and bile acid content and HPLC for short-chain fatty acid profiles. Flaxseed supplementation decreased gut microbiota richness with Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes becoming the predominant phyla. Secoisolariciresinol, enterodiol, and enterolactone were rapidly produced with acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid being the predominant acids after 24 h of fermentation. The flaxseed press cake and whole flaxseed were equivalent in microbiota changes and functionality. However, press cake may be superior as a functional additive in a variety of foods in terms of consumer acceptance as it would be more resistant to oxidative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martina Haack
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching b., 85748 München, Germany
| | - Martine Baudin
- Institute of Life Technologies, School of Engineering, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ménabréaz
- Institute of Life Technologies, School of Engineering, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Julien Crovadore
- Plants and Pathogens Group, Research Institute Land Nature and Environment, Geneva School of Engineering, Architecture and Landscape (HEPIA), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland
| | - Mahmoud Masri
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching b., 85748 München, Germany
| | - Michael Beyrer
- Institute of Life Technologies, School of Engineering, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Andlauer
- Institute of Life Technologies, School of Engineering, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - François Lefort
- Plants and Pathogens Group, Research Institute Land Nature and Environment, Geneva School of Engineering, Architecture and Landscape (HEPIA), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas B. Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching b., 85748 München, Germany
| | - Wolfram M. Brück
- Institute of Life Technologies, School of Engineering, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-58-606-86-64
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23
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Fruit Bioactive Compounds: Effect on Lactic Acid Bacteria and on Intestinal Microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mobeen A, Moazzam SW. Jawarish Shahi: A special dosage form of herbal formulations for functional gastrointestinal disorders in Unani medicine- A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115319. [PMID: 35490900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are the most common diagnoses in gastroenterology and represent a group of chronic unexplained gut syndromes. The best-known disorders are irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD). Jawarish Shahi (JS) is used for gastrointestinal disorders in Unani Medicine (UM). AIMS OF THE STUDY The present review aims to evaluate the FD and IBS in Unani medicine and scientific evidence for the safety and efficacy of JS and its herbal ingredients in the management of FD and IBS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sources of data are from the classical literature of UM, Canon of medicine, Khazainul Advia, Indian Medicinal Plants-An Illustrated Dictionary. Databases, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, were explored for related studies. RESULTS An updated review on the concept of FGIDs in Unani medicine, its pathophysiology, and management is presented. Comprehensive information on JS and its traditional and ethnopharmacological clinical attributes, standardization and toxicity study, biomedical studies of herbs in JS for their efficacies in FD and IBS are presented. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of the work clearly indicates that disease conditions similar to FD and IBS and their successful treatment are described in Unani Medicine. JS has been used for disease conditions similar to FD and IBS by the physicians of the medieval period. The herbs in JS are widely researched for pharmacologically active substances and were reported for antioxidant, immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, antispasmodic, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antisecretory, laxative, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties. Nevertheless, further explorations, particularly well-designed clinical trials are required for efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mobeen
- Dept. of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, 560091, India.
| | - Shehanshah Wali Moazzam
- Dept. of Moalajat, Hakeem Rais Unani Medical College and Hospital, Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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25
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Lazar V, Holban AM, Curutiu C, Ditu LM. Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Essential Oils and Inorganic Nanoparticles: Impact in Nutrition and Health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:920413. [PMID: 35873448 PMCID: PMC9305160 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.920413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and disease; therefore, the modulation of this complex and yet widely unexplored ecosystem is a biomedical priority. Numerous antibacterial alternatives have been developed in recent years, imposed by the huge problem of antibioresistance, but also by the people demand for natural therapeutical products without side effects, as dysbiosis, cyto/hepatotoxicity. Current studies are focusing mainly in the development of nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with herbal and fruit essential oils (EOs) to fight resistant pathogens. This is due to their increased efficiency against susceptible, multidrug resistant and biofilm embedded microorganisms. They are also studied because of their versatile properties, size and possibility to ensure a targeted administration and a controlled release of bioactive substances. Accordingly, an increasing number of studies addressing the effects of functional nanoparticles and plant products on microbial pathogens has been observed. Regardless the beneficial role of EOs and NPs in the treatment of infectious diseases, concerns regarding their potential activity against human microbiota raised constantly in recent years. The main focus of current research is on gut microbiota (GM) due to well documented metabolic and immunological functions of gut microbes. Moreover, GM is constantly exposed to micro- and nano-particles, but also plant products (including EOs). Because of the great diversity of both microbiota and chemical antimicrobial alternatives (i.e., nanomaterials and EOs), here we limit our discussion on the interactions of gut microbiota, inorganic NPs and EOs. Impact of accidental exposure caused by ingestion of day care products, foods, atmospheric particles and drugs containing nanoparticles and/or fruit EOs on gut dysbiosis and associated diseases is also dissected in this paper. Current models developed to investigate mechanisms of dysbiosis after exposure to NPs/EOs and perspectives for identifying factors driving EOs functionalized NPs dysbiosis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lazar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina-Maria Holban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Alina-Maria Holban
| | - Carmen Curutiu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia Mara Ditu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Tomaszewska E, Donaldson J, Jachimowicz K. The Role of Nutritional Factors in the Modulation of the Composition of the Gut Microbiota in People with Autoimmune Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:2498. [PMID: 35745227 PMCID: PMC9227140 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disease marked by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and the presence of autoantibodies. The gut microbiota has been shown to be involved in the alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as strengthening immunity, thus its' possible involvement in the pathogenesis of T1DM has been highlighted. The goal of the present study is to analyze information on the relationship between the structure of the intestinal microbiome and the occurrence of T1DM. The modification of the intestinal microbiota can increase the proportion of SCFA-producing bacteria, which could in turn be effective in the prevention and/or treatment of T1DM. The increased daily intake of soluble and non-soluble fibers, as well as the inclusion of pro-biotics, prebiotics, herbs, spices, and teas that are sources of phytobiotics, in the diet, could be important in improving the composition and activity of the microbiota and thus in the prevention of metabolic disorders. Understanding how the microbiota interacts with immune cells to create immune tolerance could enable the development of new therapeutic strategies for T1DM and improve the quality of life of people with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Nutrition Physiology, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janine Donaldson
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Karolina Jachimowicz
- Department of Bromatology and Nutrition Physiology, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Nascimento CP, Ferreira LO, da Silva ALM, da Silva ABN, Rodrigues JCM, Teixeira LL, Azevedo JEC, de Araujo DB, Hamoy AO, Gonçalves BH, Coelho BHDO, Lopes DCF, Hamoy M. A Combination of Curcuma longa and Diazepam Attenuates Seizures and Subsequent Hippocampal Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:884813. [PMID: 35774084 PMCID: PMC9237424 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.884813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, which occurs due to the instability in the inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmissions in the brain. However, many patients develop resistance to the available drugs, which results in cell degeneration caused due to inadequate control of the seizures. Curcumin, Curcuma longa, is known to be effective for the treatment of organic disorders and may prevent seizures, reduce oxidative stress, and decrease brain damage. Given this, the present study evaluated the antiepileptic effects of C. longa in comparison with both the diazepam and the combined application of these two substances, in terms of their effects on the brain activity and the potential histopathological changes in the hippocampus. This study used male Wistar rats (age: 10–12 weeks; weight: 260 ± 20 g), which were pretreated for 4 days with either saline, C. longa, diazepam, or C. longa + diazepam; and on the fifth day, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was administered to induce the seizure. In the C. longa group, a significant increase was observed in the latency of the onset of seizure-related behavior. Surprisingly, however, the combined treatment resulted in the best control of the seizure-related behavior, with the greatest latency of the onset of spasms and isolated clonic seizures. This group also obtained the best results in the electroencephalographic trace and seizure control, with a reduction in the frequency and amplitude of the spike-waves. In the saline group, PTZ significantly reduced the number of cells present in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, while the combined treatment obtained the best results in terms of the preservation of the neuron-like cells. These findings indicate that C. longa may contribute to the control of both seizures and the cell damage induced by PTZ, and that its association with diazepam may be a potentially effective option for the treatment of epilepsy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirlene Pinheiro Nascimento
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luan Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Alex Luiz Menezes da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Nardelli da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Joao Cleiton Martins Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leonan Lima Teixeira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Julianne Elba Cunha Azevedo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Daniella Bastos de Araujo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Akira Otake Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Holanda Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Brenda Hosana De Oliveira Coelho
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Dielly Catrina Favacho Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Dielly Catrina Favacho Lopes,
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Moisés Hamoy,
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28
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Moazzam SW, Mobeen A, Siddiqui MA. Efficacy of Jawarish Shahi a herbal formulation in irritable bowel syndrome: An open-labeled single-arm clinical trial. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:529-535. [PMID: 36325243 PMCID: PMC9618389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders characterized by chronic recurrent abdominal pain related to a change in bowel habit or defecation frequency and commonly accompanied by anxiety and depression affecting about 10% population globally. Jawarish Shahi (JS) is a special dosage form prepared for gastrointestinal disorders in Unani medicine containing Phyllanthus emblica L., Terminalia chebula Retz., Coriandrum sativum L., Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton and Salix caprea L. Considering the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antispasmodic analgesic, antidiarrheal, antisecretory, laxative, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties, the present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of JS in IBS. Experimental procedure This single-arm open-labeled clinical trial was conducted on 26 male and female patients of IBS according to Rome IV criteria, aged 18–50 years with moderate symptoms. JS was given 7 g orally twice a day after meal with water for 45 days. IBS Severity Scoring Scale (IBS-SSS) was used for efficacy outcomes and the difference was analyzed from baseline to the subsequent follow-ups. Results Data analysis of subsequent followup showed a significant decrease in IBS-SSS scores except for 2nd followup, scores decreased from 229.50 ± 75.91 to 203.12 ± 71.71 (p < 0.1018), 150.61 ± 55.32 (p < 0.0001), and 123.76 ± 54.81 (p < 0.0001) at 0, 15th, 30th, 45th day of follow up respectively. Conclusion The present study revealed that JS is safe and effective in reducing the overall symptoms of IBS in respect to its severity and impact on quality of life and can be used as an alternate as well as a complementary treatment in IBS. Jawarish Shahi is a herbal pharmacopeial drug specially prepared for gastrointestinal disorders in Unani Medicine. The ingredients have been researched widely for their phytopharmacology and diverse effects reported in biomedical studies. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, laxative, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects are reported. IBS-SSS scores significantly decreased from 229.50±75.91 to 203.12±71.71, 150.61±55.32, and 123.76±54.81 (p < 0.0001). JS significantly increased the effectiveness in terms of safety, efficacy, tolerability, symptom relief, and QoL improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehanshah Wali Moazzam
- Dept. of Moalajat, Hakeem Rais Unani Medical College and Hospital, Sambhal, Uttar Pardesh, India
| | - Abdul Mobeen
- Dept. of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, 560091, India
- Corresponding author. Dept of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, 560091, India.
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Spisni E, Turroni S, Alvisi P, Spigarelli R, Azzinnari D, Ayala D, Imbesi V, Valerii MC. Nutraceuticals in the Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota: Current Status and Future Directions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:841782. [PMID: 35370685 PMCID: PMC8971809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical interest in the human intestinal microbiota has increased considerably, because of the increasing number of studies linking the human intestinal microbial ecology to an increasing number of non-communicable diseases. Many efforts at modulating the gut microbiota have been made using probiotics, prebiotics and recently postbiotics. However, there are other, still little-explored opportunities from a pharmaceutical point of view, which appear promising to obtain modifications of the microbiota structure and functions. This review summarizes all in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies demonstrating the possibility to positively modulate the intestinal microbiota by using probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, essential oils, fungus and officinal plants. For the future, clinical studies investigating the ability to impact the intestinal microbiota especially by using fungus, officinal and aromatic plants or their extracts are required. This knowledge could lead to effective microbiome modulations that might support the pharmacological therapy of most non-communicable diseases in a near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Enzo Spisni,
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Alvisi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Spigarelli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Demetrio Azzinnari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Imbesi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Valerii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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30
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Lai W, Yang S, Lin X, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhou J, Fu C, Li R, Zhang Z. Zingiber officinale: A Systematic Review of Botany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Gut Microbiota-Related Gastrointestinal Benefits. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1007-1042. [PMID: 35729087 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a traditional edible medicinal herb with a wide range of uses and long cultivation history. Fresh ginger (Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma; Sheng Jiang in Chinese, SJ) and dried ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma; Gan Jiang in Chinese, GJ) are designated as two famous traditional Chinese herbal medicines, which are different in plant cultivation, appearances and functions, together with traditional applications. Previous researches mainly focused on the differences in chemical composition between them, but there was no systematical comparison on the similarity concerning research achievements of the two herbs. Meanwhile, ginger has traditionally been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, but so far, the possible interaction with human gut microbiota has hardly been considered. This review comprehensively presents similarities and differences between SJ and GJ retrospectively, particularly proposing them the significant differences in botany, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology, which can be used as evidence for clinical application of SJ and GJ. Furthermore, the pharmacology of gut microbiota-related gastrointestinal benefits has also been discussed in order to explore better ways to prevent and treat gastrointestinal disorders, which can be used as a reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Xia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - You Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, Sichuan New Green Medicine Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Pengzhou 610081, P. R. China
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31
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Perri MR, Romano C, Marrelli M, Zicarelli L, Toma CC, Basta D, Conforti F, Statti G. Beneficial Role of Fruits, Their Juices, and Freeze-Dried Powders on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Related Dysbiosis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010004. [PMID: 35009009 PMCID: PMC8747592 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of complex chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract. It is linked to a number of genetic and environmental factors able to perturb the immune-microbiome axis. Diet is the most investigated variable both for its role in the etiology of IBD and for its beneficial potential in the treatment of the symptoms. Dietary products may influence intestinal inflammation through different mechanisms of action, such as the modulation of inflammatory mediators, the alteration of gene expression, changes in gut permeability, and modifications in enteric flora composition. A consisting number of studies deal with the link between nutrition and microbial community, and particular attention is paid to plant-based foods. The effects of the dietary intake of different fruits have been investigated so far. This review aims to present the most recent studies concerning the beneficial potential of fruit consumption on human gut microbiota. Investigated plant species are described, and obtained results are presented and discussed in order to provide an overview of both in vitro and in vivo effects of fruits, their juices, and freeze-dried powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Perri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.R.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Carmen Romano
- SIACSA Società Italiana degli Analisti del Comportamento in campo Sperimentale ed Applicativo, 87100 Cosenza, RC, Italy;
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.R.P.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Claudia-Crina Toma
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 87 L. Rebreanu Str., 310045 Arad, Romania;
| | - Daniele Basta
- University Sport Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy;
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.R.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (M.R.P.); (F.C.)
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32
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Bertuccioli A, Cardinali M, Biagi M, Moricoli S, Morganti I, Zonzini GB, Rigillo G. Nutraceuticals and Herbal Food Supplements for Weight Loss: Is There a Prebiotic Role in the Mechanism of Action? Microorganisms 2021; 9:2427. [PMID: 34946029 PMCID: PMC8703584 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous nutraceuticals and botanical food supplements are used with the intention of modulating body weight. A recent review examined the main food supplements used in weight loss, dividing them according to the main effects for which they were investigated. The direct or indirect effects exerted on the intestinal microbiota can also contribute to the effectiveness of these substances. The aim of this review is to evaluate whether any prebiotic effects, which could help to explain their efficacy or ineffectiveness, are documented in the recent literature for the main nutraceuticals and herbal food supplements used for weight loss management. Several prebiotic effects have been reported for various nutraceutical substances, which have shown activity on Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzi, Roseburia spp., and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Different prebiotics have beneficial effects on weight and the related metabolic profile, in some cases even acting on the microbiota with mechanisms that are completely independent from those nutraceuticals for which certain products are normally used. Further studies are necessary to clarify the different levels at which a nutraceutical substance can exert its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bertuccioli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Cardinali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47900 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Sara Moricoli
- AIFeM, 48100 Ravenna, Italy; (S.M.); (I.M.); (G.B.Z.)
| | | | | | - Giovanna Rigillo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
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33
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Milutinović M, Dimitrijević-Branković S, Rajilić-Stojanović M. Plant Extracts Rich in Polyphenols as Potent Modulators in the Growth of Probiotic and Pathogenic Intestinal Microorganisms. Front Nutr 2021; 8:688843. [PMID: 34409062 PMCID: PMC8366775 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.688843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their extracts contain substantial quantities of polyphenols. As metabolically active plant metabolites, polyphenols are food components with a wide range of biological activities. Given their poor absorbability in the digestive tract their activity toward the human host is typically mediated through interaction with intestinal microbes. As a result, polyphenols comprise a novel group of prebiotics. In this study, we tested the effect of five polyphenol-rich extracts from four medicinal herbs on the growth of probiotic and pathogenic microbes. The studied medicinal herbs were Gentiana asclepiadea L. (willow gentian), Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort), Satureja montana L. (winter savory), and Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow). All these plants are traditionally used for the treatment of digestive problems. Extracts were prepared using safe solvent combinations. We tested the impact of addition of plant extracts on the growth of three probiotic lactobacilli and probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. The effect of addition of plant extracts to liquid media (concentration range 0.25–10 mg/mL) on the growth of probiotics, was tested in vitro. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested against several opportunistic bacteria and yeast. St. John's wort, winter savory, and willow gentian extracts showed a stimulative effect on probiotic yeast growth, while the highest growth-stimulating effect was achieved when microwave-assisted yarrow extract was used in the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Under these conditions growth of S. boulardii was increased 130-fold. In addition, the yarrow extract stimulated the growth of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v. The growth of two Lacticasibacillus rhamnosus strains was not stimulated by the addition of any extracts. Our results show that plant polyphenol-rich extracts can influence the growth of microorganisms that are typical members of the intestinal microbiota. For the first time we demonstrate that probiotic yeast growth can be stimulated by extracts of medicinal herbs, which when accompanied by suppression of Candida yeasts suggests a potential benefit of the treatment in diseases that are associated with fungal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Milutinović
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suzana Dimitrijević-Branković
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Rajilić-Stojanović
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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34
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Akram M, Thiruvengadam M, Zainab R, Daniyal M, Bankole MM, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Okuskhanova E. Herbal Medicine for the Management of Laxative Activity. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1269-1283. [PMID: 34387161 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210812121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common and prevalent chronic gastrointestinal conditions across the globe that is treated or managed through various methods. Laxatives are used for the treatment or management of chronic/acute constipation. But due to the adverse effects associated with these laxatives, herbal foods should be considered as alternative therapies for constipation. In this review, the laxative potential of plant-based medicines used for constipation were discussed. Constipation may be caused by various factors such as lifestyle, particular food habits, pregnancy and even due to some medication. Chronic constipation is responsible for different health issues. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological paradigms are applied for the treatment or management of constipation. In the pharmacological way of treatment, medicinal plants have a key role, because of their fibrous nature. Numerous plants such as Prunus persica (Rosaceae), Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (Leguminosae), Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae), Planta goovata (Plantaginaceae), Rheum emodi (Polygonaceae), Cassia auriculata (Caesalpinacea), Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae), Croton tiglium (Euphorbiaceae), Aloe barbadensis (Liliaceae), Mareya micrantha (Euphorbiaceae), Euphorbia thymifolia (Euphorbiaceae), Cascara sagrada (Rhamnaceae), Cassia angustifolia (Fabaceae) have laxative activity. Medicinal plants possess a significant laxative potential and support their folklore therefore, further, well-designed clinical-based studies are required to prove and improve the efficacy of herbal medicine for constipation. The present review showed that herbs laxative effect in various in-vivo/ in-vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029. South Korea
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi. Pakistan
| | - Marc Moboladji Bankole
- African Centre of Excellence (World Bank) Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR) University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Nigeria
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), 109004, Moscow. Russian Federation
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35
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Duan L, Cheng S, Li L, Liu Y, Wang D, Liu G. Natural Anti-Inflammatory Compounds as Drug Candidates for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684486. [PMID: 34335253 PMCID: PMC8316996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents chronic recurrent intestinal inflammation resulting from various factors. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have been identified as the two major types of IBD. Currently, most of the drugs for IBD used commonly in the clinic have adverse reactions, and only a few drugs present long-lasting treatment effects. Moreover, issues of drug resistance and disease recurrence are frequent and difficult to resolve. Together, these issues cause difficulties in treating patients with IBD. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of IBD is of significance. In this context, research on natural compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity could be a novel approach to developing effective therapeutic strategies for IBD. Phytochemicals such as astragalus polysaccharide (APS), quercetin, limonin, ginsenoside Rd, luteolin, kaempferol, and icariin are reported to be effective in IBD treatment. In brief, natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activities are considered important candidate drugs for IBD treatment. The present review discusses the potential of certain natural compounds and their synthetic derivatives in the prevention and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshan Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuyu Cheng
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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36
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Production and Characterization of Sumac PlantCrystals: Influence of High-Pressure Homogenization on Antioxidant Activity of Sumac ( Rhus coriaria L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061051. [PMID: 34071143 PMCID: PMC8224616 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress diseases are usually treated or prevented by using antioxidants from natural or artificial sources. However, as a sustainable source of phytochemicals, plants got a renewed interest in obtaining their active agents using green extraction technologies, i.e., sustainable extraction techniques that reduce energy consumption, use renewable sources and result in less post-extraction wastes. The high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique was introduced into the food industry since it was invented in 1900 to homogenize milk and later to produce fruit juices with a longer shelf-life without preservatives. Recently, HPH was introduced as an eco-friendly method to nanomill plants for improved extraction efficacy without using organic solvents. In this study, sumac was used as an antioxidants-rich spice model to investigate the effects of HPH on its antioxidant capacity (AOC). Sumac was rendered into PlantCrystals by using HPH. Particle size characterization proved the presence of submicron-sized particles (about 750 nm). Thus, HPH was able to produce sumac PlantCrystals and increased the AOC of bulk sumac by more than 650% according to the ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents showed higher values after HPH. Interestingly, the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay also showed a well improved AOC (similar to ascorbic acid) after HPH. In fact, in this study, the PlantCrystal-technology was demonstrated to cause an efficient cell rupture of the sumac plant cells. This caused an efficient release of antioxidants and resulted in sumac PlantCrystals with a 6.5-fold higher antioxidant capacity when compared to non-processed sumac bulk material.
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37
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Malfa GA, Di Giacomo C, Cardia L, Sorbara EE, Mannucci C, Calapai G. A standardized extract of
Opuntia ficus‐indica
(L.) Mill and
Olea europaea
L. improves gastrointestinal discomfort: A
double‐blinded randomized‐controlled
study. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3756-3768. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Di Giacomo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - Luigi Cardia
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Emanuela Elisa Sorbara
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina Messina Italy
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38
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Machado APDF, Geraldi MV, do Nascimento RDP, Moya AMTM, Vezza T, Diez-Echave P, Gálvez JJ, Cazarin CBB, Maróstica Júnior MR. Polyphenols from food by-products: An alternative or complementary therapy to IBD conventional treatments. Food Res Int 2021; 140:110018. [PMID: 33648249 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are illnesses characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis that have emerged as a public health challenge worldwide. It comprises two main conditions: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Currently, conventional therapy to treat IBD are not free from side effects, such as liver and kidney toxicity, drug resistance, and allergic reactions. In view of this, there is growing research for alternative and complementary therapies that, in addition to acting in the prevention or the control of the disease, do not compromise the quality of life and health of individuals. In this sense, a growing body of evidence has confirmed the benefits of natural phenolic compounds in intestinal health. Phenolic compounds or polyphenols are molecules widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom (flowers, vegetables, leaves, and fruits), including plant materials remaining of the handling and food industrial processing, referred to in the scientific literature as by-products, food waste, or bagasse. Since by-products are low-cost, abundant, easily accessible, safe, and rich in bioactive compounds, it becomes an exciting option to extract, concentrate or isolate phenolic compounds to be posteriorly applied in the therapeutic approach of IBD. In this article, we have reviewed the main phenolic compounds present in various plants and by-products that have shown beneficial and/or promising effects in experimental pre-clinical, clinical, and in vitro research with IBD. In addition, we have mentioned and suggested several plants and by-products originated and produced in Latin America that could be part of future research as good sources of specific phenolic compounds to be applied in the prevention and development of alternative treatments for IBD. This review may offer a valuable reference for studies related to IBD administering phenolic compounds from natural, cheap, and easily accessible raw and undervalued materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Vilar Geraldi
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Teresa Vezza
- University of Granada, Department of Pharmacology, CIBER-EHD, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Campus de la Salud, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Diez-Echave
- University of Granada, Department of Pharmacology, CIBER-EHD, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Campus de la Salud, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Juan Gálvez
- University of Granada, Department of Pharmacology, CIBER-EHD, Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Campus de la Salud, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Cinthia Bau Betim Cazarin
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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39
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Wang X, Zhang D, Jiang H, Zhang S, Pang X, Gao S, Zhang H, Zhang S, Xiao Q, Chen L, Wang S, Qi D, Li Y. Gut Microbiota Variation With Short-Term Intake of Ginger Juice on Human Health. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:576061. [PMID: 33708178 PMCID: PMC7940200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.576061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger, a widely used functional food and food additive, little is known about the effect of ginger juice, which is rich in many healthful agents, on healthy humans or on its relationship with gut microbiota composition variation. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the gut microbial communities that occur following the supplementation of fresh ginger-derived juice in healthy adults and its potential associations with function. A crossover intervention study in which 123 healthy subjects (63 men and 60 women) consumed fresh ginger juice from Zingiber officinale Rosc. or sterile 0.9% sodium chloride was conducted. 16S rRNA sequencing analyses were applied to characterize gut microbiota variation. We found that ginger juice intervention increased the species number of intestinal flora. A decreased relative abundance of the Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratio and pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus_1 and Ruminococcus_2 while a tendency toward an increased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, Proteobacteria and anti-inflammatory Faecalibacterium were found. When we did not consider gender, we found differences in bacterial diversity both in community evenness and in richness caused by ginger intervention. In fact, there were different changes in bacterial α-diversity induced by the ginger juice in men and women. We identified 19 bacterial genera with significant differences between the control group (women) and ginger group (women) and 15 significant differences between the control group (men) and ginger group (men) at the genus level. Our results showed that short-term intake of ginger juice had substantial effects on the composition and function of gut microbiota in healthy people. Moreover, our findings underscored the importance of analyzing both male and female individuals to investigate the effects of ginger on gut microbiota. Additional studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaogang Pang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shijie Gao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shanyu Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuyue Xiao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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40
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Zhao T, Wang Z, Liu Z, Xu Y. Pivotal Role of the Interaction Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota on Disease Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:336-346. [PMID: 32208116 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200324151530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the recognition of the important role of gut microbiota in both health and disease progression, attempts to modulate its composition, as well as its co-metabolism with the organism, have attracted special attention. Abundant studies have demonstrated that dysfunction or imbalance of gut microbiota is closely related to disease progression, including endocrine diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Herbal medicines have been applied to prevent and treat diseases worldwide for hundreds of years. Although the underlying mechanism seems to be complex, one of the important ones is through modulating gut microbiota. In this review, co-metabolism between herbal medicines and microbiota, as well as the potential pathways are summarized from most recent published papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
| | - Zhe Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
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Singh B, Mal G, Sharma D, Sharma R, Antony CP, Kalra RS. Gastrointestinal biotransformation of phytochemicals: Towards futuristic dietary therapeutics and functional foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dey P. The pharmaco-toxicological conundrum of oleander: Potential role of gut microbiome. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Nallanchakravarthula S, Amruta N, Ramamurthy C. Cancer Microbiome; Opportunities and Challenges. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:215-229. [PMID: 32819239 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320999200818134942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbe-host association has emerged as a modulator in modern medicine. Cancer and its associated host microbes are collectively referred to as the cancer microbiome. The cancer microbiome is complex, and many aspects remain unclear including metabolic plasticity, microenvironment remodeling, cellular communications, and unique signatures within the host, all of which have a vital role in homeostasis and pathogenesis of host physiology. However, the role of the microbiome in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy is still poorly understood and remains to be explored. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to elucidate the role of the microbiome in cancer metabolism and the tumor microenvironment. It also focuses on the importance of therapeutic opportunities and challenges in the manipulation of the cancer microbiome. METHODS A literature search was conducted on the role of the microbiome in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy. CONCLUSION The tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism are significant in host-microbiome interactions. The microbiome can modulate standard cancer therapies like chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Microbiome transplantation has also been demonstrated as an effective therapy against cancer. Furthermore, the modulation of the microbiome also has potential clinical outcomes in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narayanappa Amruta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Chitteti Ramamurthy
- C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, UkaTarsadia University, Maliba campus, Bardoli Surat (Dist), Gujarat, India
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Nunes CDR, Barreto Arantes M, Menezes de Faria Pereira S, Leandro da Cruz L, de Souza Passos M, Pereira de Moraes L, Vieira IJC, Barros de Oliveira D. Plants as Sources of Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:E3726. [PMID: 32824133 PMCID: PMC7465135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants represent the main source of molecules for the development of new drugs, which intensifies the interest of transnational industries in searching for substances obtained from plant sources, especially since the vast majority of species have not yet been studied chemically or biologically, particularly concerning anti-inflammatory action. Anti-inflammatory drugs can interfere in the pathophysiological process of inflammation, to minimize tissue damage and provide greater comfort to the patient. Therefore, it is important to note that due to the existence of a large number of species available for research, the successful development of new naturally occurring anti-inflammatory drugs depends mainly on a multidisciplinary effort to find new molecules. Although many review articles have been published in this regard, the majority presented the subject from a limited regional perspective. Thus, the current article presents highlights from the published literature on plants as sources of anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara dos Reis Nunes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil; (C.d.R.N.); (M.B.A.); (S.M.d.F.P.); (L.L.d.C.); (L.P.d.M.)
| | - Mariana Barreto Arantes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil; (C.d.R.N.); (M.B.A.); (S.M.d.F.P.); (L.L.d.C.); (L.P.d.M.)
| | - Silvia Menezes de Faria Pereira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil; (C.d.R.N.); (M.B.A.); (S.M.d.F.P.); (L.L.d.C.); (L.P.d.M.)
| | - Larissa Leandro da Cruz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil; (C.d.R.N.); (M.B.A.); (S.M.d.F.P.); (L.L.d.C.); (L.P.d.M.)
| | - Michel de Souza Passos
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, UniversidadeEstadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | - Luana Pereira de Moraes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil; (C.d.R.N.); (M.B.A.); (S.M.d.F.P.); (L.L.d.C.); (L.P.d.M.)
| | - Ivo José Curcino Vieira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, UniversidadeEstadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil; (M.d.S.P.); (I.J.C.V.)
| | - Daniela Barros de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil; (C.d.R.N.); (M.B.A.); (S.M.d.F.P.); (L.L.d.C.); (L.P.d.M.)
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Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Microbial-Modulating Activities of Essential Oils: Implications in Colonic Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114152. [PMID: 32532055 PMCID: PMC7313461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are a complex mixture of hydrophobic and volatile compounds synthesized from aromatic plants, most of them commonly used in the human diet. In recent years, many studies have analyzed their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anticancer properties in vitro and on experimentally induced animal models of colitis and colorectal cancer. However, there are still few clinical studies aimed to understand their role in the modulation of the intestinal pathophysiology. Many EOs and some of their molecules have demonstrated their efficacy in inhibiting bacterial, fungi and virus replication and in modulating the inflammatory and oxidative processes that take place in experimental colitis. In addition to this, their antitumor activity against colorectal cancer models makes them extremely interesting compounds for the modulation of the pathophysiology of the large bowel. The characterization of these EOs is made difficult by their complexity and by the different compositions present in the same oil having different geographical origins. This review tries to shift the focus from the EOs to their individual compounds, to expand their possible applications in modulating colon pathophysiology.
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Thumann TA, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Aziz-Kalbhenn H, Ammar RM, Rabini S, Moissl-Eichinger C, Bauer R. Application of an in vitro digestion model to study the metabolic profile changes of an herbal extract combination by UHPLC-HRMS. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 71:153221. [PMID: 32447246 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND STW 5 is a fixed herbal combination containing extracts from nine medicinal plants: bitter candytuft, greater celandine, garden angelica roots, lemon balm leaves, peppermint leaves, caraway fruits, licorice roots, chamomile flowers, and milk thistle fruit. STW 5 is a clinically proven treatment for functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. PURPOSE Using a static in vitro method, we simulated oral, gastric, and small intestinal digestion and analyzed the metabolic profile changes by UHPLC-HRMS to determine the impact of oro-gastro-intestinal digestion on STW 5 constituents. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS STW 5 was incubated according to the InfoGest consensus method. Samples of each digestive phase were analyzed by UHPLC-HRMS in ESI positive and negative modes. After data processing, background subtraction, and normalization, the peak areas of detectable compounds were compared to untreated reference samples and recovery ratios were calculated to monitor the metabolic profile of STW 5 during simulated digestion. RESULTS Although the levels of some constituents were reduced, we did not observe complete degradation of any of the constituents of STW 5 upon in vitro digestion. We did not detect any new metabolites beyond increased levels of caffeic acid and liquiritigenin due to degradation of progenitor compounds. Changes observed in intestinal bioaccessibility ratios were mainly a result of isomerization, hydrolysis, protein binding, and low water solubility. CONCLUSION The majority of STW 5 constituents are stable towards simulated in vitro digestion and can reach the colon to interact with gut microbiota if they remain unabsorbed in the upper intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo A Thumann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Mozartgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Mozartgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Heba Aziz-Kalbhenn
- Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Bayer Consumer Health, Havelstraße 5, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ramy M Ammar
- Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Bayer Consumer Health, Havelstraße 5, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, 33511 Kafrelsheikh; Egypt
| | - Sabine Rabini
- Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Bayer Consumer Health, Havelstraße 5, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- BioTechMed, Mozartgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Mozartgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Napoli E, Siracusa L, Ruberto G. New Tricks for Old Guys: Recent Developments in the Chemistry, Biochemistry, Applications and Exploitation of Selected Species from the Lamiaceae Family. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900677. [PMID: 31967708 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lamiaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants comprising about 250 genera and over 7,000 species. Most of the plants of this family are aromatic and therefore important source of essential oils. Lamiaceae are widely used as culinary herbs and reported as medicinal plants in several folk traditions. In the Mediterranean area oregano, sage, rosemary, thyme and lavender stand out for geographical diffusion and variety of uses. The aim of this review is to provide recent data dealing with the phytochemical and pharmacological studies, and the more recent applications of the essential oils and the non-volatile phytocomplexes. This literature survey suggests how the deeper understanding of biomolecular processes in the health and food sectors as per as pest control bioremediation of cultural heritage, or interaction with human microbiome, fields, leads to the rediscovery and new potential applications of well-known plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
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Sakkas H, Bozidis P, Touzios C, Kolios D, Athanasiou G, Athanasopoulou E, Gerou I, Gartzonika C. Nutritional Status and the Influence of the Vegan Diet on the Gut Microbiota and Human Health. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E88. [PMID: 32098430 PMCID: PMC7073751 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is considered a well-known complex ecosystem composed of distinct microbial populations, playing a significant role in most aspects of human health and wellness. Several factors such as infant transitions, dietary habits, age, consumption of probiotics and prebiotics, use of antibiotics, intestinal comorbidities, and even metabolic diseases may continously alter microbiota diversity and function. The study of vegan diet-microbiota interactions is a rapidly evolving field, since plenty of research has been focused on the potential effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the human gut microbiota. It has been reported that well-planned vegan diets and their associated components affect both the bacterial composition and metabolic pathways of gut microbiota. Certain benefits associated with medical disorders but also limitations (including nutritional deficiencies) have been documented. Although the vegan diet may be inadequate in calorific value, it is rich in dietary fiber, polyphenols, and antioxidant vitamins. The aim of the present study was to provide an update of the existing knowledge on nutritional status of vegan diets and the influence of their food components on the human gut microbiota and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hercules Sakkas
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (P.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Petros Bozidis
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (P.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Christos Touzios
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Damianos Kolios
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Georgia Athanasiou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Eirini Athanasopoulou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Ioanna Gerou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.T.); (D.K.); (G.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.)
| | - Constantina Gartzonika
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (P.B.); (C.G.)
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Carullo G, Governa P, Spizzirri UG, Biagi M, Sciubba F, Giorgi G, Loizzo MR, Di Cocco ME, Aiello F, Restuccia D. Sangiovese cv Pomace Seeds Extract-Fortified Kefir Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Activity in an In Vitro Model of Intestinal Epithelium Using Caco-2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E54. [PMID: 31936207 PMCID: PMC7022605 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease and food allergies are a growing topic in the field of nutrition science. Polyphenols, which are the most important secondary metabolites of plants, demonstrated to modulate the expression and/or production of numerous proteins, but also to regulate the intestinal ecosystem. In this context, our aim was the investigation of protective effects against the gastrointestinal mucosa of fortified milk kefir obtained by adding seeds extract from Sangiovese cv. Pomace. Methods: An ultrasound-assisted method was used to obtain the extracts. All the extracts were assayed for the antioxidant activity. The best extract was used as an additive of fermented milk kefir to obtain a fortified final product. Kefir samples were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. The efficiency of the barrier functions was evaluated by measuring trans-epithelial electric resistance (TEER) using a voltmeter. Results: the enriched kefir (Ksgn) possesses higher antioxidant performances compared to the unfortified sample (Kwht). Kwht and Ksgn did not alter Caco-2 TEER in basal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione—Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (U.G.S.); (M.R.L.); (D.R.)
| | - Paolo Governa
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia—Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (P.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione—Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (U.G.S.); (M.R.L.); (D.R.)
| | - Marco Biagi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.S.); (M.E.D.C.)
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia—Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (P.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione—Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (U.G.S.); (M.R.L.); (D.R.)
| | - Maria Enrica Di Cocco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.S.); (M.E.D.C.)
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione—Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (U.G.S.); (M.R.L.); (D.R.)
| | - Donatella Restuccia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione—Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (G.C.); (U.G.S.); (M.R.L.); (D.R.)
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