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Erdem I, Aktas S, Ogut S. Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone Ameliorates Experimental Colitis via Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidative, and Antiapoptosis Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15715-15724. [PMID: 38961631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) is a citrus-originated, seminatural sweetener. There is no investigation concerning the effect of NHDC on ulcerative colitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic and protective effects of NHDC in Wistar Albino rats. NHDC was given for 7 days after or before colitis induction. The results showed that NHDC significantly reduced the interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels. Catalase levels did not show a significant difference between the groups. NHDC provided a remarkable decrease in the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were significantly elevated in NHDC treatment groups, while total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly decreased. NHDC provided remarkable improvement in histological symptoms such as epithelial erosion, edema, mucosal necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hemorrhage. Also, caspase-3 expression levels were statistically decreased in NHDC treatment groups. The results indicated that NHDC might be a protection or alternative treatment for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilayda Erdem
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09010, Turkey
| | - Serdar Aktas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09010, Turkey
| | - Serdal Ogut
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09010, Turkey
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Niu Z, Li X, Yang X, Sun Z. Protective effects of sinomenine against dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via alteration of HO-1/Nrf2 and inflammatory pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2007-2022. [PMID: 38573363 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) induces ulcerative colitis (UC), a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that leads to inflammation, swelling, and ulcers in the large intestine. The aim of this experimental study is to examine how sinomenine, a plant-derived alkaloid, can prevent or reduce the damage caused by DSS in the colon and rectum of rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Induction of ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats was achieved by orally administering a 2% Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) solution, while the rats concurrently received oral administrations of sinomenine and sulfasalazine. The food, water intake was estimated. The body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length and spleen index estimated. Antioxidant, cytokines, inflammatory parameters and mRNA expression were estimated. The composition of gut microbiota was analyzed at both the phylum and genus levels in the fecal samples obtained from all groups of rats. RESULTS Sinomenine treatment enhanced the body weight, colon length and reduced the DAI, spleen index. Sinomenine treatment remarkably suppressed the level of NO, MPO, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 along with alteration of antioxidant parameters such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and MDA. Sinomenine treatment also decreased the cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18 in the serum and colon tissue; inflammatory parameters viz., PAF, COX-2, PGE2, iNOS, NF-κB; matrix metalloproteinases level such as MMP-1 and MMP-2. Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced the level of HO-1 and Nrf2. Sinomenine altered the mRNA expression of RIP1, RIP3, DRP3, NLRP3, IL-1β, caspase-1 and IL-18. Sinomenine remarkably altered the relative abundance of gut microbiota like firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, F/B ratio, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria. CONCLUSION The results clearly indicate that sinomenine demonstrated a protective effect against DSS-induced inflammation, potentially through the modulation of inflammatory pathways and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Niu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhong Li
- Department of Outpatient Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, 250013, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, 250013, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongwei Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, No.105, Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China.
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Miszczuk E, Bajguz A, Kiraga Ł, Crowley K, Chłopecka M. Phytosterols and the Digestive System: A Review Study from Insights into Their Potential Health Benefits and Safety. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:557. [PMID: 38794127 PMCID: PMC11124171 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are a large group of substances belonging to sterols-compounds naturally occurring in the tissues of plants, animals, and humans. The most well-known animal sterol is cholesterol. Among phytosterols, the most significant compounds are β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol. At present, they are mainly employed in functional food products designed to counteract cardiovascular disorders by lowering levels of 'bad' cholesterol, which stands as their most extensively studied purpose. It is currently understood that phytosterols may also alleviate conditions associated with the gastrointestinal system. Their beneficial pharmacological properties in relation to gastrointestinal tract include anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity. Also, the anti-cancer properties as well as the impact on the gut microbiome could be a very interesting area of research, which might potentially lead to the discovery of their new application. This article provides consolidated knowledge on a new potential use of phytosterols, namely the treatment or prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. The cited studies indicate high therapeutic efficacy in conditions such as peptic ulcer disease, IBD or liver failure caused by hepatotoxic xenobiotics, however, these are mainly in vitro or in vivo studies. Nevertheless, studies to date indicate their therapeutic potential as adjunctive treatments to conventional therapies, which often exhibit unsatisfactory efficacy or serious side effects. Unfortunately, at this point there is a lack of significant clinical study data to use phytosterols in clinical practice in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Miszczuk
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.); (K.C.)
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Kiraga
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.); (K.C.)
| | - Kijan Crowley
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.); (K.C.)
| | - Magdalena Chłopecka
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.); (K.C.)
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El Mahdy RN, Nader MA, Helal MG, Abu-Risha SE, Abdelmageed ME. Tiron ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats: Role of TGF-β/EGFR/PI3K/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111587. [PMID: 38286073 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC), an ongoing inflammatory disorder of the colon, is marked by persistent mucosal surface irritation extending from the rectum to the near-proximal colon. Tiron is a synthetic analogue of vitamin E which is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in various animal models, so the goal of this study was to find out whether Tiron had any preventive impacts on UC inflicted by acetic acid (A.A) exposure in rats. METHOD Tiron (235 and 470 mg/kg) was administered intra-peritoneally for 2 weeks, and A.A (2 ml, 3 % v/v) was injected intra-rectally to cause colitis. Colon tissues and blood samples were then collected for measurement of various inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. RESULTS Tiron administration significantly diminished lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), colon weight, and the weight/length ratio of the colon as compared to A.A-injected rats. Additionally, Tiron attenuated oxidative stress biomarkers. Tiron also enforced the levels of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3), while it greatly lowered the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and transforming growth factor-1(TGF-β1), phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (P-EGFR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) expression in colonic cellular structures. Furthermore, colonichistopathologic damages, revealed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Alcian Blue stain, were significantly decreased upon Tiron administration. CONCLUSION Tiron prevented A.A-induced colitis in rats via modulating inflammatory pathway TGF-β1/P-EGFR/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB, alongside managing the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium, and boosting the reliability of the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda N El Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Manar G Helal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sally E Abu-Risha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Marwa E Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Prayoga DK, Aulifa DL, Budiman A, Levita J. Plants with Anti-Ulcer Activity and Mechanism: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:193-213. [PMID: 38318501 PMCID: PMC10840521 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s446949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcer disorders including the oral mucosa, large intestine, and stomach mucosa, cause significant global health burdens. Conventional treatments such as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), and cytoprotective agents have drawbacks like mucosal injury, diminish gastric acid secretion, and interact with concurrent medications. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches are needed to tackle this health concern. Plants are rich in active metabolites in the bark, roots, leaves, fruits, and seeds, and have been utilized for medicinal purposes since ancient times. The use of herbal therapy is crucial, and regulations are necessary to ensure the quality of products, particularly in randomized studies, to assess their efficacy and safety in treating ulcer disorders. This study aims to explore the anti-ulcer activity of medicinal plants in treating peptic ulcer disease, ulcerative colitis, and aphthous ulcers. Articles were searched in Scopus and PubMed, and filtered for publication from 2013 to 2023, resulting in a total of 460 from Scopus and 239 from PubMed. The articles were further screened by title and abstract and resulted in 55 articles. Natural products, rich in active metabolites, were described to manage ulcer disease by protecting the mucosa, reducing ulcer effects, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors, and reducing bacterial load, thus improving patients' quality of life. Natural extracts have proven effective in managing other health problems, including ulcers by reducing pain and decreasing lesions. This review provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies on medicinal plants, focusing on their effectiveness in treating conditions like peptic ulcers, ulcerative colitis, and aphthous ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshanda Kurniawan Prayoga
- Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
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Ghasemi-Dehnoo M, Amini-Khoei H, Lorigooini Z, AnjomShoa M, Bijad E, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Inhibition of TLR4, NF-κB, and INOS pathways mediates ameliorative effect of syringic acid in experimental ulcerative colitis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:795-808. [PMID: 38095803 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous therapeutics and pharmacological properties have been reported in syringic acid (SA). In this study, we aimed to evaluate effect of SA in ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats considering effect on TLR4, NF-κB, and INOS pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 Wistar rats were randomly designated into six groups (n = 8). UC was induced via intra-rectal administration of 7% acetic acid (0.8 ml). SA at doses of 10, 25, 50 mg/kg was administrated through gavage, and dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) administrated intra-peritoneally for 5 consecutive days. The macroscopic and histopathological damages as well as expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes along with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the colon tissue were assessed. RESULTS UC led to an increase in the apoptotic and inflammatory genes, NO and MDA levels as well as decrease in TAC level, and SOD and CAT activities (p < 0.05). UC also caused severe damage, edema, inflammation, and necrosis in the colon. SA significantly reduced gene expressions of INOS, TLR4, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Bax. SA ameliorated negative macroscopic and histopathologic effects of UC. SA significantly reduced MDA and NO levels, and increased TAC level and CAT activity in the colon tissue in comparison to the UC rats without treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION SA via attenuation of the TLR4-NF-κB, NF-κB-INOS-NO pathways, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis of UC in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghasemi-Dehnoo
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam AnjomShoa
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Bijad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Wen X, Peng H, Zhang H, He Y, Guo F, Bi X, Liu J, Sun Y. Wheat Bran Polyphenols Ameliorate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Suppressing MAPK/NF-κB Inflammasome Pathways and Regulating Intestinal Microbiota. Foods 2024; 13:225. [PMID: 38254526 PMCID: PMC10814686 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran (WB) is the primary by-product of wheat processing and contains a high concentration of bioactive substances such as polyphenols. This study analyzed the qualitative and quantitative components of polyphenols in wheat bran and their effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model in mice. The potential mechanism of wheat bran polyphenols (WBP) was also examined. Our findings indicate that the main polyphenol constituents of WBP were phenolic acids, including vanillic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Furthermore, WBP exerted remarkable protective effects against experimental colitis. This was achieved by reducing the severity of colitis and improving colon morphology. Additionally, WBP suppressed colonic inflammation via upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in colon tissues. Mechanistically, WBP ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting activation of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. In addition, microbiome analysis results suggested that WBP modulated the alteration of gut microbiota caused by DSS, with an enhancement in the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and adjustments in the number of Helicobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group at the genus level. To conclude, the findings showed that WBP has excellent prospects in reducing colonic inflammation in UC mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.W.); (Y.H.); (F.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China;
| | - Yangzheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.W.); (Y.H.); (F.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Fanghua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.W.); (Y.H.); (F.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Xin Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.W.); (Y.H.); (F.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiahua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.W.); (Y.H.); (F.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (X.W.); (Y.H.); (F.G.); (X.B.); (J.L.)
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Zhang Z, Zuo L, Song X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Huang J, Zhao T, Yang Z, Zhang H, Li J, Zhang X, Geng Z, Wang Y, Ge S, Hu J. Arjunolic acid protects the intestinal epithelial barrier, ameliorating Crohn's disease-like colitis by restoring gut microbiota composition and inactivating TLR4 signalling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155223. [PMID: 38134862 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by an overabundance of epithelial cell death and an imbalance in microflora, both of which contribute to the dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. Arjunolic acid (AA) has anti-apoptotic effects and regulates microbiota efficacy. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the treatment on colitis resembling Crohn's disease, along with exploring the potential underlying mechanism. METHODS CD animal models were created using Il-10-/- mice, and the impact of AA on colitis in mice was evaluated through disease activity index, weight fluctuations, pathological examination, and assessment of intestinal barrier function. To clarify the direct role of AA on intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, organoids were induced by LPS, and TUNEL staining was performed. To investigate the potential mechanisms of AA in protecting the intestinal barrier, various methods including bioinformatics analysis and FMT experiments were employed. RESULTS The treatment for AA enhanced the condition of colitis and the function of the intestinal barrier in Il-10-/- mice. This was demonstrated by the amelioration of weight loss, reduction in tissue inflammation score, and improvement in intestinal permeability. Moreover, AA suppressed the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in Il-10-/- mice and LPS-induced colon organoids, while also reducing the levels of Bax and C-caspase-3. In terms of mechanism, AA suppressed the activation of TLR4 signaling in Il-10-/- mice and colon organoids induced by LPS. In addition, AA increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in the stool of Il-10-/- mice, and transplantation of feces from AA-treated mice improved CD-like colitis. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study demonstrate that AA has a protective effect on the intestinal barrier in Crohn's disease-like colitis by preventing apoptosis. Additionally, this groundbreaking study reveals the capacity of AA to hinder TLR4 signaling and alter the makeup of the intestinal microbiome. The findings present fresh possibilities for treating individuals diagnosed with Crohn's disease. AA offers a hopeful novel strategy for managing Crohn's disease by obstructing crucial pathways implicated in intestinal inflammation and enhancing the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zining Zhang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Song
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tianhao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu, Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu, Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu, Medical College, Bengbu, China.
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Liu C, Liu J, Wang W, Yang M, Chi K, Xu Y, Guo N. Epigallocatechin Gallate Alleviates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A-Induced Intestinal Barrier Damage by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the TLR4-NF-κB/MAPKs-NLRP3 Inflammatory Cascade. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16286-16302. [PMID: 37851930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural phytochemicals have attracted increasing attention because of their promising ability to tackle bacteriotoxin-induced public safety concerns. However, it is unclear how natural phytochemicals regulate the intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by bacteriotoxin, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). This study aims to illustrate the in vitro and in vivo protective mechanism of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on SEA-triggered intestinal barrier damage and inflammation. Results show that EGCG alleviates intestinal barrier damage by effectively inhibiting SEA-induced intestinal permeability increase, tight junction protein and mucin loss, and intestinal cell apoptosis. EGCG also reduces intestinal inflammation by suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB/MAPKs-NLRP3 pathway. Importantly, EGCG reverses gut microbiota dysbiosis and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content decrease induced by SEA. It is worth noting that this study also detects the direct interaction between the phytochemical and virulence factors and finds that EGCG effectively not only inhibits the secretion of SEA but also binds with the secreted SEA to attenuate its toxicity. Taken together, EGCG mitigates SEA-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via gut microbiota SCFA-mediated TLR4-NF-κB/MAPKs-NLRP3 inflammatory cascade inhibition. Overall, this research provides enlightening insight into the application of bacteriotoxin-targeting natural compounds in the field of food safety and human wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Changchun Customs Port Outpatient Department, Jilin International Travel Healthcare Centre, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunmei Chi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyang Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
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Ghasemi-Dehnoo M, Amini-Khoei H, Lorigooini Z, AnjomShoa M, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Ferulic acid ameliorates ulcerative colitis in a rat model via the inhibition of two LPS-TLR4-NF-κB and NF-κB-INOS-NO signaling pathways and thus alleviating the inflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic conditions in the colon tissue. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2587-2597. [PMID: 37432553 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammation of the colon. However, the common treatment for it is accompanied by many complications. Therefore, the present study was aimed to determine the ameliorative effects of ferulic acid on acetic acid-induced colitis in rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce ulcerative colitis, animals received 0.8 ml of 7% acetic acid intra-rectally. Ferulic acid in 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg doses was administered orally one hour after the ulcerative colitis induction. Animals received treatments for five consecutive days and then were euthanized on the sixth day. The colon was dissected out and macroscopic lesions were examined. Colon samples were evaluated for histopathological examination, biochemical analysis, determination of the expression of inflammatory, and apoptotic genes as well as total antioxidant capacity. RESULTS Ferulic acid significantly inhibited inflammatory and apoptotic genes mRNA expression, also production of MDA and NO. Ferulic acid significantly increased the activity of antioxidant factors (TAC content, and SOD and CAT activity), thereby preventing inflammation and histopathological damage in the colon tissue of colitis rats. CONCLUSION The results of the present study confirmed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of ferulic acid. About the mechanism of action of this compound, it can be concluded that the ability of ferulic acid in the amelioration of ulcerative colitis is related to the inhibition of two LPS-TLR4-NF-κB and NF-κB-INOS-NO signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghasemi-Dehnoo
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam AnjomShoa
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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11
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Zhou F, Zhang GD, Tan Y, Hu SA, Tang Q, Pei G. NOD-like receptors mediate homeostatic intestinal epithelial barrier function: promising therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231176889. [PMID: 37701792 PMCID: PMC10493068 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231176889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease that involves host genetics, the microbiome, and inflammatory responses. The current consensus is that the disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier is the core pathogenesis of IBD, including intestinal microbial factors, abnormal immune responses, and impaired intestinal mucosal barrier. Cumulative data show that nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are dominant mediators in maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal mucosal barrier, which play critical roles in sensing the commensal microbiota, maintaining homeostasis, and regulating intestinal inflammation. Blocking NLRs inflammasome activation by botanicals may be a promising way to prevent IBD progression. In this review, we systematically introduce the multiple roles of NLRs in regulating intestinal mucosal barrier homeostasis and focus on summarizing the activities and potential mechanisms of natural products against IBD. Aiming to propose new directions on the pathogenesis and precise treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | | | - Yang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Chinese Medicine Powder and Innovative Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shi An Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Prevention and Treatment of Depression Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Qun Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Gao J, Cao B, Zhao R, Li H, Xu Q, Wei B. Critical Signaling Transduction Pathways and Intestinal Barrier: Implications for Pathophysiology and Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1216. [PMID: 37765024 PMCID: PMC10537644 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a sum of the functions and structures consisting of the intestinal mucosal epithelium, mucus, intestinal flora, secretory immunoglobulins, and digestive juices. It is the first-line defense mechanism that resists nonspecific infections with powerful functions that include physical, endocrine, and immune defenses. Health and physiological homeostasis are greatly dependent on the sturdiness of the intestinal barrier shield, whose dysfunction can contribute to the progression of numerous types of intestinal diseases. Disorders of internal homeostasis may also induce barrier impairment and form vicious cycles during the response to diseases. Therefore, the identification of the underlying mechanisms involved in intestinal barrier function and the development of effective drugs targeting its damage have become popular research topics. Evidence has shown that multiple signaling pathways and corresponding critical molecules are extensively involved in the regulation of the barrier pathophysiological state. Ectopic expression or activation of signaling pathways plays an essential role in the process of shield destruction. Although some drugs, such as molecular or signaling inhibitors, are currently used for the treatment of intestinal diseases, their efficacy cannot meet current medical requirements. In this review, we summarize the current achievements in research on the relationships between the intestinal barrier and signaling pathways. The limitations and future perspectives are also discussed to provide new horizons for targeted therapies for restoring intestinal barrier function that have translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Qixuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
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13
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Ghasemi‐Dehnoo M, Lorigooini Z, Amini‐Khoei H, Sabzevary‐Ghahfarokhi M, Rafieian‐Kopaei M. Quinic acid ameliorates ulcerative colitis in rats, through the inhibition of two TLR4-NF-κB and NF-κB-INOS-NO signaling pathways. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e926. [PMID: 37647443 PMCID: PMC10408368 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the therapeutic effect of quinic acid (QA), which has anti-inflammatory activity, was investigated on acetic acid-induced colitis in male Wistar rats. METHODS Ulcerative colitis (UC) was induced in rats by acetic acid intrarectally, and the protective effects of QA in 10, 30, 60, and 100 mg/kg doses were investigated. Rats were treated for 5 days and their colon tissues were dissected out at the end. Macroscopic and histopathological examinations were performed in colon tissues. Also, the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes, including TLR4, IL-1β, INOS, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Bax, and Bcl-2, was measured. Biochemistry indices, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite oxide (NO) content, in addition to, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and enzymes activities were also assessed. RESULTS Colitis increased the levels of MDA and NO, and enhanced the inflammatory and apoptotic gene expressions, while reducing the SOD and CAT enzymes activity, and TAC levels in the colitis rats. Also, results showed that colitis was associated with the infiltration of inflammatory cells, epithelium damage, and edema in colon tissue. QA significantly ameliorated histopathological indices, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in colitis rats. CONCLUSION QA ameliorated UC through the inhibition of two TLR4-NF-κB and NF-κB-INOS-NO signaling pathways, which results in the reduction of colitis complications, including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and histopathological injuries in rats. Therefore it can be concluded, that QA exerts its therapeutic effects through antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghasemi‐Dehnoo
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Hossein Amini‐Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Milad Sabzevary‐Ghahfarokhi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian‐Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
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14
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Ali FE, Ibrahim IM, Ghogar OM, Abd-alhameed EK, Althagafy HS, Hassanein EH. Therapeutic interventions target the NLRP3 inflammasome in ulcerative colitis: Comprehensive study. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1026-1053. [PMID: 36844140 PMCID: PMC9950862 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i6.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the significant health issues in the world is the prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is a chronic disorder that mainly affects the colon, beginning with the rectum, and can progress from asymptomatic mild inflammation to extensive inflammation of the entire colon. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of UC pathogenesis emphasizes the need for innovative therapeutic approaches based on identifying molecular targets. Interestingly, in response to cellular injury, the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a crucial part of the inflammation and immunological reaction by promoting caspase-1 activation and the release of interleukin-1β. This review discusses the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by various signals and its regulation and impact on UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares E.M Ali
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Islam M. Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ghogar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Esraa K. Abd-alhameed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 12345, Egypt
| | - Hanan S. Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 12345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H.M. Hassanein
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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Zhou Z, He W, Tian H, Zhan P, Liu J. Thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.) polyphenols ameliorate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis of mice by mitigating intestinal barrier damage, regulating gut microbiota, and suppressing TLR4/NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Food Funct 2023; 14:1113-1132. [PMID: 36594593 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02523j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an important medicinal and edible homologous plant, and the composition and bioactivity of its polyphenol extracts have attracted widespread attention from researchers. In this study, the polyphenols in thyme were separated and identified by UPLC/MS-MS and UPLC-DAD, and the intervention effect and mechanism of thyme polyphenols (TP) on ulcerative colitis (UC) were analyzed in combination with dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced mice colitis model. It was found that the main substances of TP were scutellarin (160.68 ± 2.09 mg g-1), rosmarinic acid (80.33 ± 1.74 mg g-1), scutellarein (56.53 ± 1.32 mg g-1), apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (21.06 ± 0.68 mg g-1), gallic acid (13.80 ± 0.73 mg g-1), and ferulic acid (12.00 ± 0.20 mg g-1). TP and sulfasalazine, which were respectively supplemented to these experimental mice at 200 mg per kg bw and 100 mg per kg bw, showed similar effects on alleviating intestinal inflammation, as indicated by the consistency of the decreased NLRP3 and TLR4 proteins and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway. Furthermore, the treatment with TP at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg bw both effectively upregulated tight junction protein expression and enhanced intestinal epithelial cell integrity. Consistently, the abundany of probiotics including Blautia, Bacteroides, Romboutsia, and Faecalibaculum associated with the synthesis of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were elevated, whereas harmful bacteria including Escherichia Shigella, Muribaculum, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 associated with the inflammatory process were significantly inhibited. Notably, TP supplemented at the dose of 100 mg per kg bw showed weak mitigated effects on the above symptoms, while the other two TP experimental groups showed similar promising therapeutic potential, suggesting that such beneficial effects required a certain dose of TP to be achieved. These results indicated that TP could suppress the TLR4/NLRP3-NF-κB inflammasome pathways, protect the intestinal epithelial barrier, and remodel the disordered gut microbiota, which suggested that TP might be a promising dietary strategy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuman Zhou
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710100, China.
| | - Wanying He
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710100, China.
| | - Honglei Tian
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710100, China.
| | - Ping Zhan
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710100, China.
| | - Jianshu Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Research Center of Functional Food Engineering Technology, Xi'an 710100, China
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16
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The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Age-Related Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Manifestations: Untying the Innate Immune Response Connection. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010216. [PMID: 36676165 PMCID: PMC9866483 DOI: 10.3390/life13010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we present the evidence on nucleotide-binding and oligomerization (NOD) domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain (PYD)-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation for its putative roles in the elusive pathomechanism of aging-related cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Although NLRP3 inflammasome-interleukin (IL)-1β has been implicated in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease, its roles in cerebral arteriothrombotic micro-circulation disease such as CSVD remains unexplored. Here, we elaborate on the current manifestations of CSVD and its' complex pathogenesis and relate the array of activators and aberrant activation involving NLRP3 inflammasome with this condition. These neuroinflammatory insights would expand on our current understanding of CSVD clinical (and subclinical) heterogenous manifestations whilst highlighting plausible NLRP3-linked therapeutic targets.
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17
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Ngum JA, Tatang FJ, Toumeni MH, Nguengo SN, Simo USF, Mezajou CF, Kameni C, Ngongang NN, Tchinda MF, Dongho Dongmo FF, Akami M, Ngane Ngono AR, Tamgue O. An overview of natural products that modulate the expression of non-coding RNAs involved in oxidative stress and inflammation-associated disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1144836. [PMID: 37168992 PMCID: PMC10165025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1144836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a state in which oxidants are produced in excess in the body's tissues and cells, resulting in a biological imbalance amid the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from redox reactions. In case of insufficient antioxidants to balance, the immune system triggers signaling cascades to mount inflammatory responses. Oxidative stress can have deleterious effects on major macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, hence, Oxidative stress and inflammation are among the multiple factors contributing to the etiology of several disorders such as diabetes, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which were once referred to as dark matter have been found to function as key regulators of gene expression through different mechanisms. They have dynamic roles in the onset and development of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases, therefore, are potential targets for the control of those diseases. One way of controlling those diseases is through the use of natural products, a rich source of antioxidants that have drawn attention with several studies showing their involvement in combating chronic diseases given their enormous gains, low side effects, and toxicity. In this review, we highlighted the natural products that have been reported to target ncRNAs as mediators of their biological effects on oxidative stress and several inflammation-associated disorders. Those natural products include Baicalein, Tanshinone IIA, Geniposide, Carvacrol/Thymol, Triptolide, Oleacein, Curcumin, Resveratrol, Solarmargine, Allicin, aqueous extract or pulp of Açai, Quercetin, and Genistein. We also draw attention to some other compounds including Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Canna genus rhizome, Fuzi-ganjiang herb pair, Aronia melanocarpa, Peppermint, and Gingerol that are effective against oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders, however, have no known effect on ncRNAs. Lastly, we touched on the many ncRNAs that were found to play a role in oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders but have not yet been investigated as targets of a natural product. Shedding more light into these two last points of shadow will be of great interest in the valorization of natural compounds in the control and therapy of oxidative stress- and inflammation-associated disorders.
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Wang X, Ma Y, Xu Q, Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Flisyuk EV, Liu M, Li H, Vargas-Murga L, Duez P. Flavonoids and saponins: What have we got or missed? PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154580. [PMID: 36610132 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids and saponins are important bioactive compounds that have attracted wide research interests. This review aims to summarise the state of the art of the pharmacology, toxicology and clinical efficacy of these compounds. METHODS Data were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Proquest, CNKI, Chongqing VIP, Wanfang, NPASS and HIT 2.0 databases. Meta-analysis and systematic reviews were evaluated following the PRISMA guideline. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS23.0. RESULTS Rising research trends on flavonoids and saponins were observed since the 1990s and the 2000s, respectively. Studies on pharmacological targets and activities of flavonoids and saponins represent an important area of research advances over the past decade, and these important resources have been documented in open-access specialised databases and can be retrieved with ease. The rising research on flavonoids and saponins can be attributed, at least in part, to their links with some highly investigated fields of research, e.g., oxidative stress, inflammation and cancer; i.e., 6.88% and 3.03% of publications on oxidative stress cited by PubMed in 1990 - 2021 involved flavonoids and saponins, respectively, significantly higher than the percentage involving alkaloids (1.88%). The effects of flavonoids concern chronic venous insufficiency, cervical lesions, diabetes, rhinitis, dermatopathy, prostatitis, menopausal symptoms, angina pectoris, male pattern hair loss, lymphocytic leukaemia, gastrointestinal diseases and traumatic cerebral infarction, etc, while those of saponins may have impact on venous oedema in chronic deep vein incompetence, erectile dysfunction, acute impact injuries and systemic lupus erythematosus, etc. The volume of in vitro research appears way higher than in vivo and clinical studies, with only 10 meta-analyses and systematic reviews (involving 290 interventional and observational studies), and 36 clinical studies on flavonoids and saponins. Data are sorely needed on pharmacokinetics, in vitro pan-assay interferences, purity of tested compounds, interactions in complex herbal extracts, real impact of anti-oxidative strategies, and mid- and long-term toxicities. To fill these important gaps, further investigations are warranted. On the other hand, drug interactions may cause adverse effects but might also be useful for synergism, with the goals of enhancing effects or of detoxifying. Furthermore, the interactions between phytochemicals and the intestinal microbiota are worth investigating as the field may present a promising potential for novel drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research; Biomedical Research Institute; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, China..
| | - Yan Ma
- Molecular Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Division of Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Qihe Xu
- Renal Sciences and Integrative Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N Shikov
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, Saint-Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Olga N Pozharitskaya
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladimirskaya, 17, Murmansk, 183010, Russia
| | - Elena V Flisyuk
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, Saint-Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Meifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research; Biomedical Research Institute; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Liliana Vargas-Murga
- BIOTHANI, Can Lleganya, 17451 Sant Feliu de Buixalleu, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Chemical and Agricultural Engineering and Agrifood Technology, University of Girona (UdG), 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium..
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Armillariella tabescens methanol extract ameliorates ulcerative colitis via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3 activation and mediating intestinal barrier integrity. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Chen Y, Zha P, Xu H, Zhou Y. An evaluation of the protective effects of chlorogenic acid on broiler chickens in a dextran sodium sulfate model: a preliminary investigation. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102257. [PMID: 36399933 PMCID: PMC9673092 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on broilers subjected to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal damage. One hundred and forty-four 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were allocated into one of 3 groups with 6 replicates of eight birds each for a 21-d trial. The treatments included: 1) Control group: normal birds fed a basal diet; 2) DSS group: DSS-treated birds fed a basal diet; and 3) CGA group: DSS-treated birds fed a CGA-supplemented control diet. An oral DSS administration via drinking water was performed from 15 to 21 d of age. Compared with the control group, DSS administration reduced 21-d body weight and weight gain from 15 to 21 d, but increased absolute weight of jejunum and absolute and relative weight of ileum (P < 0.05). DSS administration elevated circulating D-lactate concentration and diamine oxidase activity (P < 0.05), which were partially reversed when supplementing CGA (P < 0.05). The oral administration with DSS decreased villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio, but increased crypt depth in jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, DSS administration increased serum glutathione level and jejunal catalase activity and malonaldehyde accumulation, but decreased jejunal glutathione level (P < 0.05). In contrast, feeding a CGA-supplemented diet normalized serum glutathione and jejunal malonaldehyde levels, and increased jejunal glutathione concentration in DSS-administrated birds (P < 0.05). Additionally, CGA supplementation reduced ileal malonaldehyde accumulation in DSS-treated birds (P < 0.05). DSS challenge increased levels of serum interferon-γ and interleukin-6, jejunal interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6, and ileal interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The elevated serum interferon-γ and ileal interleukin-6 levels were normalized to control values when supplementing CGA (P < 0.05). The results suggested that CGA administration could partially prevent DSS-induced increased intestinal permeability, oxidative damage, and inflammation in broilers, although it did not improve their growth performance and intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Zha
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China,Corresponding author:
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Ghasemi-Dehnoo M, Amini-Khoei H, Lorigooini Z, Ashrafi-Dehkordi K, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Coumaric acid ameliorates experimental colitis in rats through attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2359-2371. [PMID: 36190687 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the high side effects of commonly used drugs and according to the pharmacological properties reported for coumaric acid (CA), this study was designed to determine the impact of CA on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats, considering its possible anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into 6 equal groups (n = 8). Colitis was induced by acetic acid intrarectally. CA in three different doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) was administrated for 5 days. Finally, the macroscopic and histopathological changes in the colon tissue were examined. The expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes, including NF-κB, TNF-α, INOS, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR4, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Bax, Bcl-2 was assessed. In addition, changes in the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in the colon tissue. RESULTS Colitis led to a decrease in TAC and the activity levels of CAT and SOD and an increase in the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes, MDA, and nitrite levels in the colon. Colitis was also associated with edema and severe damage to the epithelium, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and the presence of ulcers and necrosis in the colon tissue. CA significantly improved the inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and histopathological indices caused by acetic acid-induced colitis on the colon. CONCLUSION It is concluded that CA probably exerts its positive effects in the management of colitis, through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghasemi-Dehnoo
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Korosh Ashrafi-Dehkordi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Zhang Z, Cui Y, Liu S, Huang J, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Zhu Z. Short-term treatment with zingerone ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse experimental colitis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4873-4882. [PMID: 35246845 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which seriously threatens human health. Zingerone (ZO) has been proven to be effective for many diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of ZO extracted from ginger on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse ulcerative colitis (UC). RESULTS The results showed that ZO alleviated the weight loss of UC model mice, reduced the disease activity index scores, and inhibited the shortening of colon length. ZO also improved DSS-induced pathological changes in colon tissue and inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon and mesenteric lymph nodes. Further mechanism analysis found that ZO inhibited DSS-induced nuclear factor-κB pathway activation, and regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression. To further explore whether PPARγ was involved in the anti-UC effect of ZO, PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 was used. Although ZO also showed a protective effect on GW9662-treated colitis mice, the protective role was significantly weakened. Importantly, the administration of GW9662 significantly aggravated UC compared with the ZO + DSS group. In addition, we preliminarily found that ZO had the effects of inhibiting DSS-induced oxidative stress, maintaining intestinal barrier, and inhibiting the content of LPS and the population of Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that supplementation with ZO might be a new dietary strategy for the treatment of UC. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing, China
| | - Yueqi Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing, China
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Impairment in the Intestinal Morphology and in the Immunopositivity of Toll-like Receptor-4 and Other Proteins in an Autistic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158731. [PMID: 35955865 PMCID: PMC9369377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identifies a neurodevelopmental disease defined by social impairments and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors. The etiology of ASD remains unclear; it primarily affects the brain, but a link between gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, inflammatory mucosal pathology and this disorder has been suggested. In particular, a central role seems to be played by an imbalance in pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a protein of innate immunity responsible for the regulation and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Through histochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations we analyzed the intestinal morphology and the immunopositivity of TLR4 and of other pro-inflammatory and apoptotic proteins in BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J mice. Morphological data showed that the mucosal tunica presented longer intestinal villi. The length of the villi and the epithelial surface determine the exchanges of the intestinal mucosa with luminal contents, modifying the microbiota composition. The biochemical and immunohistochemical results indicated a close relationship among the increase of TLR4 and the activation of NF-kB subunits (p65 and p50) and pro-inflammatory and apoptotic proteins, such as cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor nuclear factor—alpha, caspase-3, caspase-8. These preliminary results require more in-depth study but they suggest the TLR4 signaling pathway as a possible target for therapeutic approaches to reduce GI disorders in ASD.
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Li X, Li Q, Xiong B, Chen H, Wang X, Zhang D. Discoidin domain receptor 1(DDR1) promote intestinal barrier disruption in Ulcerative Colitis through tight junction proteins degradation and epithelium apoptosis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106368. [PMID: 35905891 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. DDR1 is expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but its role in Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is poorly understand. This study aimed to identify the function of DDR1 in maintaining the homeostasis of UC. METHODS The DDR1 expression level in non-inflamed and inflamed colon samples from IBD patients were assessed. DDR1 knock-out (DDR1-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were administered dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis and assessed based on colitis symptoms. In addition, intestinal epithelial barrier injury was induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ incubation to cell monolayers transfected with PCDH-DDR1 or pLKO.1-sh-DDR1-1 plasmids. The effect of DDR1 in regulating barrier integrity, tight junctions (TJ) protein status, and cell apoptosis was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the activation of the NF-κB p65-MLCK-p-MLC2 pathway was also investigated. RESULTS Decreased DDR1 expression levels were observed at the inflamed sites compared with the non-inflamed. DDR1-/- mice had alleviated intestinal mucosal barrier injuries, upregulated TJ proteins, decreased epithelium apoptosis from DSS-induced colitis, and reduced proinflammatory cytokines production in the colon. These findings were further confirmed in vitro. DDR1 over-expression aggravated the TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TJ disruption, while DDR1 shRNA prevented TJ damage even in the presence of JSH-23. DDR1 dependently destroyed the intestinal barrier via the NF-κB p65-MLCK-p-MLC2 pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that DDR1 regulated the intestinal barrier in colitis by modulating TJ proteins expression and epithelium apoptosis, making it a potential target of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, LanZhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, LanZhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, LanZhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, LanZhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, LanZhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, LanZhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LanZhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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Chen KJ, Huang YL, Kuo LM, Chen YT, Hung CF, Hsieh PW. Protective role of casuarinin from Melastoma malabathricum against a mouse model of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis: Impact on inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154092. [PMID: 35430483 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis (FUIIM) is a common gastrointestinal side effect of chemotherapy, leading to gastric pain in clinical cancer patients. In a previous study, we demonstrated that neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitors could alleviate FUIIM and manipulate the homeostasis of the gut microbiota. The root of Melastoma malabathricum, also called Ye-Mu-Dan, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for gastrointestinal disease. Water extract of the roots of M. malabathricum exhibits an inhibitory effect on NE, with an IC50 value of 9.13 μg/ml. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to isolate an anti-NE compound from the root of M. malabathricum and to determine the protective effect of the bioactive component on a mouse model of FUIIM with respect to tissue damage, inflammation, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. METHODS A water extract of the roots of M. malabathricum was prepared and its major bioactive compound, was identified using bioactivity-guided fractionation. The effects of samples on the inhibition of NE activity were evaluated using enzymatic assays. To evaluate the effects of the bioactive compound in an FUIIM animal model, male C57BL/6 mice treated with or without casuarinin (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and then received of 5-fluorouracil (50 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 5 days to induce FUIIM. Histopathological staining was used to monitor the tissue damage, proliferation of intestinal crypts, and expression of tight junction proteins. The inflammation score was estimated by determining the levels of oxidative stress, neutrophil-related proteases, and proinflammatory cytokines in tissue and serum. The ecology of the gut microbiota was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Casuarinin had the most potent and selective effect against NE, with an IC50 value of 2.79 ± 0.07 μM. Casuarinin (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly improved 5-FU-induced body weight loss together with food intake reduction, and it also significantly reversed villus atrophy, restored the proliferative activity of the intestinal crypts, and suppressed inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction in the mouse model of FUIIM. Casuarinin also reversed 5-FU-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, particularly the abundance of Actinobacteria, Candidatus Arthromitus, and Lactobacillus murinus, and the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. CONCLUSION This study firstly showed that casuarinin isolated from the root part of M. malabathricum could be used as a NE inhibitor, whereas it could improve FUIIM by modulating inflammation, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In summary, exploring anti-NE natural product may provide a way to find candidate for improvement of FUIIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Mou Kuo
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Anethole Ameliorates Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Mice: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9057451. [PMID: 35432569 PMCID: PMC9007635 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9057451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anethole has possessed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses in numerous studies. Oxidative stress has a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of colitis. The current study is designed to determine the effect of anethole on acetic acid-induced colitis in mice in view of its possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, 48 mice were grouped into 6 groups (n = 8), and colitis was induced with 0.2 ml of 7% acetic acid. Mice received intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 constant days normal saline and/or anethole at doses of 31.25, 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg, respectively. After treatments, the colon was dissected out, and histopathological changes, expression of inflammatory genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, and TLR4), and evaluation of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed. The results showed that colitis is associated with edema and inflammatory responses in all layers and severe damage to the epithelium of the colon. Colitis causes a decrease in TAC, an increase in MDA levels, and an increase in inflammatory genes in the colon. Findings determined that anethole ameliorated the adverse effects of acetic acid-induced colitis in the colon. It is concluded that anethole, partially at least, possessed protective effects in acetic acid-induced colitis in mice through attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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He Y, Peng X, Liu Y, Wu Q, Zhou Q, Huang Y, Liu S, Hu L, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Li J, Jiang X, Zhuo Y, Wu D, Che L. Long-term maternal intake of inulin exacerbated the intestinal damage and inflammation of offspring rats in a DSS-induced colitis model. Food Funct 2022; 13:4047-4060. [PMID: 35315466 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03675k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term maternal intake of inulin on intestinal morphology, permeability, inflammation and microbiota of offspring rats treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Sixteen female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two groups receiving the fiber-free diet (FFD) or inulin diet (INU, 5% inulin) for three parities. The offspring weaned rats (third-parity) were fed with the same diet for four weeks until receiving 6% DSS for 7 days; the four groups were as follows: FFD, FFD + DSS, INU and INU + DSS. The results showed that maternal intake of inulin increased the histopathology score and activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum, and the highest histopathology scores and activity of DAO were observed in INU + DSS rats. Maternal intake of inulin increased the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors and protein expression of IL-1β in colonic tissues. Likewise, INU + DSS rats had the highest activity of MPO and mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors in colonic tissues. Maternal intake of inulin increased the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Parasutterella, which were the highest enriched in INU + DSS rats. The level of acetate in the colonic digesta of INU + DSS rats was lower than that in FFD and INU rats. These results indicated that long-term maternal intake of inulin exacerbated the intestinal damage and inflammation of DSS-induced offspring rats, associated with the decreased level of acetate and altered intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xie Peng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yingyan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Shiya Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Shou X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Duan C, Yang Y, Jia Q, Yuan G, Shi J, Shi S, Cui H, Hu Y. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis on Molecular Mechanism of Qingzi Zhitong Decoction in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:727608. [PMID: 35237152 PMCID: PMC8883437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.727608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease with complex pathological mechanisms. We explored the potential molecular mechanisms behind the therapeutic functions of Qingzi Zhitong decoction (QZZTD) in the treatment of UC by network pharmacology and molecular docking. QZZTD is a formula of Chinese traditional medicine consisting of 10 herbs. The potential active ingredients of QZZTD and their target genes were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database, and UC-related target genes were obtained from GeneCards and OMIM databases. A total of 138 co-identified target genes were obtained by plotting the intersection target Venn diagram, and then the STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to establish protein-protein interaction networks and herb-ingredient-target networks. Four key active compounds and nine key proteins were identified. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that the biological functions of potential target genes were associated with DNA transcription, signaling receptor and ligand activity, cytokine activity, cellular autophagy, and antioxidant pathways, with related pathways involving the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway, advanced glycosylation end product (AGE)-RAGE signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Moreover, the binding activities of key target genes and essential active compounds of Chinese herbal medicines in QZZTD were further validated by molecular docking. This demonstrated that quercetin, luteolin, hyndarin, and beta-sitosterol had good binding to eight key proteins, and Akt1 was the target protein with the best binding activity, suggesting that Akt1 could be the essential mediator responsible for signaling transduction after QZZTD administration. The rat experiment verified that QZZTD inhibited PI3K-Akt pathway activation and reduced inflammation in UC. In conclusion, our study suggested four potential key active components, including quercetin, were identified in QZZTD, which could interact with Akt1 and modulate the activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway. The other three pathways may also be involved in the signaling transduction induced by QZZTD in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Shou
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanju Zhang
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglin Duan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiulei Jia
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Shi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanming Cui
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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Liu C, Zeng Y, Wen Y, Huang X, Liu Y. Natural Products Modulate Cell Apoptosis: A Promising Way for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:806148. [PMID: 35173617 PMCID: PMC8841338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.806148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease impacting patients’ quality of life and imposing heavy societal and economic burdens. Apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) has been considered an early event during the onset of UC and plays a crucial role in disease development. Thus, effectively inhibiting apoptosis of IECs is of critical significance for the clinical management of UC, presenting a potential direction for the research and development of pharmacotherapeutic agents. In recent years, research on the ameliorative effects of natural products on UC through inhibiting IECs apoptosis has attracted increasing attention and made remarkable achievements in ameliorating UC. In this review, we summarized the currently available research about the anti-apoptotic effects of natural products on UC and its mechanisms involving the death-receptor mediated pathway, mitochondrial-dependent pathway, ERS-mediated pathway, MAPK-mediated pathway, NF-κB mediated pathway, P13k/Akt pathway, JAK/STAT3 pathway, and NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway. Hopefully, this review may yield useful information about the anti-apoptotic effects of natural products on UC and their potential molecular mechanisms and provide helpful insights for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwei Zeng
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulong Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinggui Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Liu,
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Wan F, Wang M, Zhong R, Chen L, Han H, Liu L, Zhao Y, Lv H, Hou F, Yi B, Zhang H. Supplementation With Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts From Lonicera hypoglauca and Scutellaria baicalensis Mitigates Colonic Inflammation by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota in a Colitis Mouse Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:798052. [PMID: 35059326 PMCID: PMC8763710 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.798052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colitis, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, is characterized by bloody diarrhea and inflammation in the colon. Lonicera hypoglauca (“Shanyinhua” in Chinese) and Scutellaria baicalensis (“Huangqin” in Chinese) are two traditional Chinese medicinal plants rich in polyphenols, such as chlorogenic acid (CGA) and baicalin (BA), with the effects of anti-inflammation and antioxidation. However, it remains unknown whether extracts from L. hypoglauca and S. baicalensis (LSEs) could mitigate colonic inflammation. In the present study, ICR mice (22.23 ± 1.65 g) were allocated to three groups treated with chow diet without (CON) or with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (CON+DSS) in water or LSE supplementation in diet with DSS (LSE+DSS), and then inflammatory and oxidative parameters and colonic microbiota were detected. The results showed that LSE (500 mg/kg) treatment mitigated DSS-induced colitis symptoms and restored the shortened colon length, the increased disease activity index (DAI), and the damaged intestinal barrier. In serum, LSE supplementation significantly decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and increased IL-10 level. Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were decreased. In the colon tissue, qPCR results showed that LSE supplementation dramatically downregulated the transcriptional expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA and upregulated the expression of SOD1, CAT, and IL-10. Additionally, the damaged gut barriers occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the CON+DSS group were enhanced with LSE supplementation. Furthermore, LSE treatment regulated the gut microbial communities with higher relative abundance of Dubosiella and Ruminococcus torques group and lower relative abundance of Bacteroides and Turicibacter. Moreover, the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as products of gut microbiota were also increased. Correlation analysis showed that the mRNA expression of SOD1 was negatively correlated with TNF-α (r = -0.900, P < 0.05); the mRNA expression of IL-6 (r = -0.779, P < 0.05) and TNF-α (r = -0.703, P < 0.05) had a dramatically negative correlation with Dubosiella. In conclusion, LSE supplementation could effectively ameliorate inflammation by modulating oxidative stress and gut microbiota in a colitis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Lv
- Beijing Centre Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Induces Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Activates NLRP3 Inflammasome via NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways in Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010029. [PMID: 35051006 PMCID: PMC8779132 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), the toxin protein secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, can cause staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks and seriously threaten global public health. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of SEA in staphylococcal foodborne diseases. In this study, the effect of SEA on intestinal barrier injury and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was investigated by exposing BALB/c mice to SEA with increasing doses and a potential toxic mechanism was elucidated. Our findings suggested that SEA exposure provoked villi injury and suppressed the expression of ZO-1 and occludin proteins, thereby inducing intestinal barrier dysfunction and small intestinal injury in mice. Concurrently, SEA significantly up-regulated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins and triggered the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in jejunum tissues. Notably, selective inhibitors of MAPKs and NF-κB p65 ameliorated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome stimulated by SEA, which further indicated that SEA could activate NLRP3 inflammasome through NF-κB/MAPK pathways. In summary, SEA was first confirmed to induce intestinal barrier dysfunction and activate NLRP3 inflammasome via NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. These findings will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of SEA and related drug-screening for the treatment and prevention of bacteriotoxin-caused foodborne diseases via targeting specific pathways.
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Exploration of the Potential Mechanisms of Wumei Pill for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis by Network Pharmacology. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2021:4227668. [PMID: 34970312 PMCID: PMC8714398 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4227668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wumei pill (WMP) has a long history of colitis treatment in China, but the protective mechanisms have not been elucidated. To uncover the potential mechanisms of WMP against ulcerative colitis (UC), the network pharmacology approach was utilized in this study. Methods Public databases were utilized to identify the potential targets of WMP and genes related to UC. Based on the identified overlapping common targets, drug-ingredient-target gene network, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were conducted. Molecular docking was carried out to verify the selected key active ingredients and core targets. Results 129 active ingredients and 622 target genes were obtained. The drug-ingredient-target gene network revealed 52 active ingredients of WMP acting on 73 targets related to UC. GO analysis revealed that biological processes were mainly associated with oxidative stress, such as, reactive oxygen species metabolic processes, response to oxidative stress, cellular response to oxidative stress, response to reactive oxygen species, and regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processes. KEGG analysis revealed that the immune- and inflammation-related pathways, tumor-related signaling pathways, and microbial infection-related signaling pathways were the most significant. PPI network identified 13 core target genes. The molecular docking results indicated the formation of stable bonds between the active ingredients and core target genes. Conclusions The approach of network pharmacology reveals the key ingredients, potential core targets, and biological process of WMP in the treatment of UC. The mechanisms of action of WMP involve anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and modulation of immunity, which provides evidence for the therapeutic role of WMP in UC.
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Xing G, Zhang Y, Wu X, Wang H, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Hou M, Hua H. Analysis of the Efficacy and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Action of Zhenren Yangzang Decoction on Ulcerative Colitis Using Meta-Analysis and Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:4512755. [PMID: 34992665 PMCID: PMC8727130 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4512755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed the efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms of action of Zhen Ren Yang Zang decoction (ZRYZD) on ulcerative colitis (UC) using meta-analysis and network pharmacology. METHODS The major databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of ZRYZD for the treatment of UC. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of ZRYZD on UC was conducted using RevMan software. Active compounds and target genes were acquired using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. UC-related genes were searched using the GeneCards database. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using RGUI. A compound-target network was constructed using Cytoscape software, and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database. Molecular docking simulations of the macromolecular protein targets and their corresponding ligand compounds were performed using the AutoDock tool and AutoDock Vina software. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed that the total effective rate and recovery rate of clinical efficacy were significantly higher in the experimental group than those of the control group. The screening identified 169 active compounds and 277 active target genes for ZRYZD. The 277 active target genes were compared with the 4,798 UC-related genes. This identified 187 active target genes of ZRYZD for UC that correlated with 138 active compounds. GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed, and compound-target and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed. The key compounds and key target proteins were then selected. Finally, target protein binding with the corresponding compound was analyzed using molecular docking. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of ZRYZD for the treatment of UC and provide insight into the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of action. Furthermore, key compounds were identified, laying the foundation for future studies on ZRYZD for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Xing
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Xinlin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China
| | - Mingxing Hou
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, China
| | - Haibing Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
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Wan F, Zhong R, Wang M, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Yi B, Hou F, Liu L, Zhao Y, Chen L, Zhang H. Caffeic Acid Supplement Alleviates Colonic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Potentially Through Improved Gut Microbiota Community in Mice. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:784211. [PMID: 34867926 PMCID: PMC8636926 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.784211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is one of the major phenolic acids of coffee with multiple biological activities. Our previous study found that 500 mg/kg of chlorogenic acid (CGA) had the potential capacity of alleviating colonic inflammation. Moreover, CGA can be degraded into caffeic acid (CA) by the gut microbiota in the colon. Therefore, we hypothesize that CA can exert protective effects on colonic inflammation. To test the hypothesis, 251 mg/kg CA was supplemented to DSS-induced colitis mice. The results showed that CA treatment recovered DSS-induced disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histopathology scores of colon tissue. Additionally, CA treatment significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the level of IL-10, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in serum. qPCR results indicated that CA treatment dramatically downregulated mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as well as upregulated SOD1, GPX1, GPX2, CAT, and IL-10. In addition, CA supplementation significantly increased mRNA expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO1, which showed its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities potentially by activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Moreover, CA supplementation prevented gut barrier damage by enhancing Occludin gene expression. Furthermore, CA supplementation altered the gut microbiome composition by decreasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Turicibacter, and enhancing the relative abundance of Alistipes and Dubosiella. Meanwhile, CA supplementation increases the abundance of Dubosiella and Akkermansia. In conclusion, CA supplementation could effectively alleviate DSS-induced colitis by improving the defense against oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yexun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Chlorogenic acid supplementation alleviates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, improving gut barrier integrity and Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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36
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Feng S, Sui M, Wang D, Ritzoulis C, Farag MA, Shao P. Pectin-zein based stigmasterol nanodispersions ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:11656-11670. [PMID: 34726217 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02493k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to the insolubility of phytosterols in both water and oil, their application in the medicine and health and food industries is limited. In this study, zein and pectin were selected as wall materials of phytosterol nanoparticles to enhance the solubility and bioactivity of phytosterols. The colitis-inhibitory effects of zein-based stigmasterol nanodispersions (ZNs) and zein/pectin-based stigmasterol nanodispersions (ZPNs) were investigated in the sodium dextran sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. The results showed that ZPNs' therapeutic effect was better than that of ZNs. According to electron microscopy observation, pectin adsorbed on the surface of zein appeared to form an elastic network structure, which increased the stability of stigmasterol nanodispersions. ZPNs not only relieved the adverse physiological symptoms of colitis in mice, but additionally prevented colonic length shortening and reduced fecal hemoglobin content. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ZPNs could alleviate colitis by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway involved in the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CSF-1 and coenzyme COX-2. This study suggests that supplement of nano-embedded stigmasterol based on zein and pectin has a positive therapeutic effect on alleviating colitis in mice. Such activities of nano-embedded stigmasterol in humans remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, China
| | - Minghui Sui
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Christos Ritzoulis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, 54453, The Hellenic Republic
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, China
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He N, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Liu N, Jung S, Lee MS, Li S. Preventive and Prebiotic Effect of α-Galacto-Oligosaccharide against Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9597-9607. [PMID: 34378931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
β-Galacto-oligosaccharide (β-GOS) showed great potential in ulcerative colitis (UC) adjuvant therapy. Herein, the preventive and prebiotic effect of enzymatic-synthesized α-linked galacto-oligosaccharide (α-GOS) was investigated in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and gut microbiota dysbiosis mice. Compared with β-GOS, the α-GOS supplement was more effective in improving preventive efficacy, promoting colonic epithelial barrier integrity, and alleviating inflammation cytokines. Moreover, the activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family member NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation was significantly inhibited by both α-GOS and β-GOS. Gut microbiota analysis showed that α-GOS treatment reshaped the dysfunctional gut microbiota. The subsequent Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis indicated that these gut microbiota changes were significantly correlated with the inflammatory parameters. These results suggested that the enzymatic-synthesized α-GOS is a promising therapeutic agent in UC prevention and adjuvant treatment by maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Nian Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Samil Jung
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
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Bai R, Lang Y, Shao J, Deng Y, Refuhati R, Cui L. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Cerebrovascular Diseases Pathology and Possible Therapeutic Targets. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211018100. [PMID: 34053242 PMCID: PMC8168029 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211018100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are pathological conditions involving impaired blood flow in the brain, primarily including ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage. The nucleotide-binding and oligomerisation (NOD) domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain (PYD)-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex and a vital component of the immune system. Emerging evidence has indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in cerebrovascular diseases. The function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases remains an interesting field of research. In this review, we first summarised the pathological mechanism of cerebrovascular diseases and the pathological mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome in aggravating atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular diseases. Second, we outlined signalling pathways through which the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in aggravating or mitigating cerebrovascular diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), ROS/thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and purinergic receptor-7 (P2X7R) signalling pathways can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome; activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can aggravate cerebrovascular diseases by mediating apoptosis and pyroptosis. Autophagy/mitochondrial autophagy, nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), interferon (IFN)-β, sirtuin (SIRT), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) reportedly alleviate cerebrovascular diseases by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Finally, we explored specific inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome based on the two-step activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which can be developed as new drugs to treat cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Bai
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Lang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Reyisha Refuhati
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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